1218:
1175:
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6761:
6751:
6139:
5155:
6791:
6781:
29:
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6149:
393:, autobiographies, or oral interviews that were taken years later. Sometimes the only evidence relating to an event or person in the distant past was written or copied decades or centuries later. Manuscripts that are sources for classical texts can be copies of documents or fragments of copies of documents. This is a common problem in
3911:
478:
may misunderstand events or distort their reports, deliberately or not, to enhance their own image or importance. Such effects can increase over time, as people create a narrative that may not be accurate. For any source, primary or secondary, it is important for the researcher to evaluate the amount
120:
In scholarly writing, an important objective of classifying sources is to determine their independence and reliability. In contexts such as historical writing, it is almost always advisable to use primary sources and that "if none are available, it is only with great caution that may proceed to make
861:
t is through the primary sources that the past indisputably imposes its reality on the historian. That this imposition is basic in any understanding of the past is clear from the rules that documents should not be altered, or that any material damaging to a historian's argument or purpose should not
409:
However, primary sources – particularly those from before the 20th century – may have hidden challenges. "Primary sources, in fact, are usually fragmentary, ambiguous, and very difficult to analyze and interpret." Obsolete meanings of familiar words and social context are among the traps that await
231:
In historiography, when the study of history is subject to historical scrutiny, a secondary source becomes a primary source. For a biography of a historian, that historian's publications would be primary sources. Documentary films can be considered a secondary source or primary source, depending on
515:
If a historical text discusses old documents to derive a new historical conclusion, it is considered to be a primary source for the new conclusion. Examples in which a source can be both primary and secondary include an obituary or a survey of several volumes of a journal counting the frequency of
388:
says "Primary sources are absolutely fundamental to history." Ideally, a historian will use all available primary sources that were created by the people involved at the time being studied. In practice, some sources have been destroyed, while others are not available for research. Perhaps the only
98:
would be considered a primary source in research concerning its author or about their friends characterized within it, but the same memoir would be a secondary source if it were used to examine the culture in which its author lived. "Primary" and "secondary" should be understood as relative terms,
519:
Whether a source is regarded as primary or secondary in a given context may change, depending upon the present state of knowledge within the field. For example, if a document refers to the contents of a previous but undiscovered letter, that document may be considered "primary", since it is the
400:
Historians studying the modern period with the intention of publishing an academic article prefer to go back to available primary sources and to seek new (in other words, forgotten or lost) ones. Primary sources, whether accurate or not, offer new input into historical questions and most modern
532:
Historians must occasionally contend with forged documents that purport to be primary sources. These forgeries have usually been constructed with a fraudulent purpose, such as promulgating legal rights, supporting false pedigrees, or promoting particular interpretations of historic events. The
333:
provides a consolidated search of its own catalog and a wide variety of other archives listed on the Access to
Archives index. Digital copies of various classes of documents at the National Archives (including wills) are available from DocumentsOnline. Most of the available documents relate to
418:
In many fields and contexts, such as historical writing, it is almost always advisable to use primary sources if possible, and "if none are available, it is only with great caution that may proceed to make use of secondary sources." In addition, primary sources avoid the problem inherent in
161:, the main primary sources are books, essays, and letters written by intellectuals; these intellectuals may include historians, whose books and essays are therefore considered primary sources for the intellectual historian, though they are secondary sources in their own topical fields. In
291:. These can be public or private. Some are affiliated with universities and colleges, while others are government entities. Materials relating to one area might be located in many different institutions. These can be distant from the original source of the document. For example, the
113:
3205:
5291:
141:
as a way to trace the history of historical ideas, they have been applied to many other fields. For example, these ideas may be used to trace the history of scientific theories, literary elements, and other information that is passed from one author to another.
1357:. Indeed, in most instances the very nature of a primary source tells us that it is actually derivative.…istorians have no choice but to regard certain of the available sources as 'primary' since they are as near to truly original sources as they can now secure
4646:
862:
be left out or suppressed. These rules mean that the sources or texts of the past have integrity and that they do indeed 'speak for themselves', and that they are necessary constraints through which past reality imposes itself on the historian.
405:
and special collections for the purpose of finding useful primary sources. A work on history is not likely to be taken seriously as a scholarship if it only cites secondary sources, as it does not indicate that original research has been done.
3251:
3239:
410:
the newcomer to historical studies. For this reason, the interpretation of primary texts is typically taught as part of an advanced college or postgraduate history course, although advanced self-study or informal training is also possible.
94:, which cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources. Generally, accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight are secondary. A secondary source may also be a primary source depending on how it is used. For example, a
511:
sources is subjective and contextual, so that precise definitions are difficult to make. A book review, when it contains the opinion of the reviewer about the book rather than a summary of the book, becomes a primary source.
3636:
523:
In some instances, the reason for identifying a text as the "primary source" may devolve from the fact that no copy of the original source material exists, or that it is the oldest extant source for the information cited.
121:
use of secondary sources." Sreedharan believes that primary sources have the most direct connection to the past and that they "speak for themselves" in ways that cannot be captured through the filter of secondary sources.
184:
could include fictional sources such as novels or plays. In a broader sense primary sources also include artifacts like photographs, newsreels, coins, paintings or buildings created at the time. Historians may also take
459:, can be well documented, and are often written by historians working in institutions where methodological accuracy is important to the future of the author's career and reputation. Historians consider the accuracy and
1399:
The same chronicle can be a primary source for the period contemporary with the author, a secondary source for earlier material derived from previous works, but also a primary source when these earlier works have not
3878:
1045:
The analysis of secondary source information is problematic. The further an investigator is from the primary source, the more distorted the information may be. Again, each new person may put his or her spin on the
1001:
Marwick, Arthur. "Primary
Sources: Handle with Care". In Sources and Methods for Family and Community Historians: A Handbook edited by Michael Drake and Ruth Finnegan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
4641:
1699:
3227:
5360:
6544:
801:
he distinction is not a sharp one. Since a source is only a source in a specific historical context, the same source object can be both a primary or secondary source according to what it is used for.
247:, a primary source could be defined as something that was created either during the time period being studied or afterward by individuals reflecting on their involvement in the events of that time.
4797:
4437:
397:, where sometimes only a summary of a book or letter has survived. Potential difficulties with primary sources have the result that history is usually taught in schools using secondary sources.
3906:
338:. Many County Record Offices collections are included in Access to Archives, while others have their own online catalogs. Many County Record Offices will supply digital copies of documents.
4837:
3024:
76:, recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time under study. It serves as an original source of information about the topic. Similar definitions can be used in
4013:
5855:
5230:
5242:
3222:
5286:
4955:
4008:
3641:
3200:
3923:
5440:
5416:
5384:
5274:
261:, a primary source could be defined as a report of original findings or ideas. These sources often appear in the form of research articles with sections on methods and results.
5428:
5323:
254:, the definition of a primary source would be expanded to include numerical data that has been gathered to analyze relationships between people, events, and their environment.
153:, primary sources are documents such as official reports, speeches, pamphlets, posters, or letters by participants, official election returns, and eyewitness accounts. In the
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5487:
2992:
4756:
3333:
5669:
3188:
5715:
5482:
4900:
2522:
1353:
he term 'primary' inevitably carries a relative meaning insofar as it defines those pieces of information that stand in closest relationship to an event or process
384:
History as an academic discipline is based on primary sources, as evaluated by the community of scholars, who report their findings in books, articles, and papers.
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3538:
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3038:
6186:
5697:
4420:
5492:
3605:
3456:
3439:
844:
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to support a claim to land where the original document had been lost or never existed. One particularly unusual forgery of a primary source was perpetrated by
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5989:
4555:
1382:
463:
of the primary sources that they are using and historians subject both primary and secondary sources to a high level of scrutiny. A primary source such as a
4782:
581:
3700:
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4994:
4605:
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2683:
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4271:
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5995:
5472:
5365:
5328:
5129:
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Many sources can be considered either primary or secondary, depending on the context in which they are examined. Moreover, the distinction between
423:
A history, whose author draws conclusions from other than primary sources or secondary sources actually based on primary sources, is by definition
5308:
5043:
2264:
5627:
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tell a story or message. They are not limited to fictional sources (which can be sources of information for contemporary attitudes) but include
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5018:
3326:
1744:
6351:
5845:
5617:
5477:
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are taught that evidence in a court case may be truthful but may still be distorted to support or oppose the position of one of the parties.
696:
4682:
3287:
311:
1293:
6784:
6179:
5604:
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4879:
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129:
In scholarly writing, the objective of classifying sources is to determine the independence and reliability of sources. Though the terms
1603:
5789:
5457:
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5050:
4347:
3599:
3050:
5406:
5401:
5096:
3766:
5298:
3029:
6119:
4706:
4405:
2908:
1778:
982:
4960:
1259:
149:, a primary source, or the "primary literature", is the original publication of a scientist's new data, results, and theories. In
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5335:
4842:
4677:
4491:
4415:
4003:
3104:
4857:
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5279:
5247:
5235:
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3114:
2097:
718:
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and direction of bias. As an example, a government report may be an accurate and unbiased description of events, but it may be
330:
734:
5955:
5794:
5205:
4264:
3193:
1565:
1542:
1521:
1073:
827:
6695:
5940:
5784:
5552:
5091:
5060:
4530:
4461:
4177:
4113:
4091:
3772:
3015:
2295:
1736:
1689:
3043:
6722:
5070:
4848:
4726:
4716:
4506:
4352:
4187:
3389:
3119:
3069:
1811:
5396:
3629:
6594:
5950:
5025:
4787:
4150:
3932:
3471:
1708:
1591:
Database of mailed letters to and from soldiers during major world conflicts from the
Napoleonic Wars to World War Two.
20:
4425:
1704:
239:
The definition of a primary source varies depending upon the academic discipline and the context in which it is used.
6459:
5632:
4535:
4501:
4486:
3481:
3321:
3316:
3304:
2767:
1606:
describing holdings of manuscripts, archives, rare books, historical photographs, and other primary sources from the
1502:
1483:
1411:
Everyone has Roots: An
Introduction to English Genealogy by Anthony J. Camp, published by Genealogical Pub. Co., 1978
1392:
1303:
1100:
1007:
926:
854:
794:
319:
4589:
3572:
1212:
he same document can be a primary or a secondary source depending on the particular analysis the historian is doing.
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5158:
4874:
4550:
4513:
4386:
4257:
3087:
3082:
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1679:
520:
closest known thing to an original source; but if the letter is later found, it may then be considered "secondary"
4711:
4657:
4518:
3077:
2918:
437:
However, a primary source is not necessarily more of an authority or better than a secondary source. There can be
419:
secondary sources in which each new author may distort and put a new spin on the findings of prior cited authors.
6804:
6707:
6564:
6482:
6152:
5574:
4617:
4599:
4432:
4123:
3092:
2945:
2475:
2093:
874:
87:, a primary source can be a person with direct knowledge of a situation, or a document written by such a person.
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6554:
5754:
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5709:
5691:
5512:
5345:
5200:
5055:
5003:
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4738:
4335:
4133:
3944:
3799:
3511:
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3451:
2975:
1718:
1019:
Ross, Jeffrey Ian (2004). "Taking Stock of
Research Methods and Analysis on Oppositional Political Terrorism".
942:
891:
561:
2527:
1319:
Henige, David (1986). "Primary Source by
Primary Source? On the Role of Epidemics in New World Depopulation".
5850:
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3384:
3338:
2033:
335:
5254:
4910:
6840:
6825:
6702:
6670:
6517:
6507:
6477:
6412:
6041:
5903:
5720:
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5318:
4807:
3959:
3019:
1850:
1771:
1639:
4667:
3719:
6685:
6487:
6307:
6112:
5945:
5811:
5703:
5681:
4884:
4852:
4802:
4610:
4560:
4451:
4192:
3954:
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3824:
3805:
3010:
2839:
2722:
2269:
1616:
1588:
4328:
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6794:
6774:
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6032:
5909:
5886:
5771:
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5612:
5584:
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4540:
4197:
4128:
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2727:
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322:
searches across the digitized primary source collections of many libraries, archives, and museums. The
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3868:
3758:
6734:
6717:
6690:
6675:
6207:
6057:
5967:
5313:
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3146:
2688:
2517:
2169:
189:
and oral reports and interviews into consideration. Written sources may be divided into three types.
37:
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1217:
1174:
360:
Most primary source materials are not digitized and may only be represented online with a record or
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6346:
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4812:
4369:
4303:
4138:
3713:
3183:
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2927:
2718:
2415:
759:
16:
A primary source is an account of an event created by someone who took part of witnessed the event.
4167:
588:. However, historians dealing with recent centuries rarely encounter forgeries of any importance.
580:, which were later proved to be forgeries. Recently, forged documents have been placed within the
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6142:
6047:
5542:
4984:
4221:
4160:
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3214:
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2534:
2497:
2480:
2300:
1764:
1728:
1714:
545:
4359:
4323:
1594:
692:
235:
The
Lafayette College Library provides a synopsis of primary sources in several areas of study:
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6388:
5876:
5828:
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3555:
3528:
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3362:
3309:
3126:
3002:
2897:
2737:
2732:
2590:
2556:
2544:
2539:
2502:
2452:
2310:
2290:
1976:
1921:
817:
186:
80:
and other areas of scholarship, although different fields have somewhat different definitions.
57:
5355:
3610:
1444:
1065:
784:
99:
with sources categorized according to specific historical contexts and what is being studied.
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6000:
5891:
5871:
5736:
5686:
5579:
5569:
5259:
5225:
5134:
4145:
3883:
3778:
3705:
3577:
2980:
2697:
2651:
2646:
2595:
2259:
2240:
2056:
1951:
1232:
665:
460:
346:
146:
5804:
5215:
4751:
1421:
1129:
6657:
6642:
6599:
6559:
6492:
6373:
6302:
6087:
5564:
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4622:
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3817:
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3426:
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2512:
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2322:
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2122:
1836:
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298:
In the US, digital copies of primary sources can be retrieved from a number of places. The
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158:
6230:
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8:
6647:
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3444:
2656:
2568:
2327:
1961:
1926:
1829:
1724:
1695:
1607:
640:
307:
299:
288:
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979:
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1807:
1336:
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1036:
962:
292:
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5779:
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Original material may be... prejudiced, or at least not exactly what it claims to be.
394:
302:
maintains several digital collections where they can be retrieved. Some examples are
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150:
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6336:
6329:
6297:
6215:
6092:
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1328:
1257:
1201:
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731:
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364:. Both digitized and not digitized materials can be found through catalogs such as
323:
208:
181:
154:
91:
3414:
1685:
467:
entry (or the online version, a blog), at best, may only reflect one individual's
227:
are records created by organizations, such as registers of births and tax records.
6574:
6512:
6469:
6368:
6363:
6319:
6282:
6267:
6245:
6199:
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5124:
4698:
4374:
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3345:
3109:
2935:
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1895:
1740:
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1059:
986:
738:
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England and Wales. Some digital copies of primary sources are available from the
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77:
6164:
3618:
1733:
6604:
6454:
6341:
6324:
6314:
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3840:
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3151:
2985:
2773:
2761:
2447:
2332:
2008:
1993:
1983:
1787:
620:
577:
455:
The errors may be corrected in secondary sources, which are often subjected to
385:
350:
251:
138:
5838:
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to bolster the Papacy's secular power. Among the earliest forgeries are false
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6569:
6292:
5978:
5930:
5372:
4998:
3161:
2485:
2466:
2410:
2364:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2196:
2191:
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2061:
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Although many primary sources remain in private hands, others are located in
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2713:
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1495:
Using
Internet Primary Sources to Teach Critical Thinking Skills in History
1381:
Ambraseys, Nicholas; Melville, Charles Peter; Adams, Robin
Dartrey (1994).
1348:
36:
is an example of a primary source about people in
Pompeii in Roman times (
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6097:
4379:
4021:
3997:
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3277:
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2154:
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2112:
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1206:
1159:
635:
534:
456:
361:
5269:
1632:
Digitalized Primary Sources and Historical Artifacts from 1786 – present
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2405:
2159:
2117:
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1956:
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585:
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480:
244:
170:
84:
69:
1340:
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3693:
3176:
2507:
2186:
2181:
2144:
2139:
2003:
1946:
1931:
1800:
1698:– Example of a publication focusing on primary source documents- the
1266:. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Archived from
1092:
Enjoying archives: what they are, where to find them, how to use them
603:
553:
533:
investigation of documents to determine their authenticity is called
492:
342:
276:
194:
1743:
used when describing archival and other primary source materials on
958:
471:
on events, which may or may not be truthful, accurate, or complete.
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2201:
2149:
1332:
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365:
272:
61:
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1966:
1916:
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45:
33:
28:
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Essays and descriptions of primary, secondary, and other sources
2421:
1998:
1911:
1635:
1514:
Historian's Handbook: A Key to the Study and Writing of History
953:(3). The American Historical Review, Vol. 100, No. 3: 741–764.
441:
and tacit unconscious views that twist historical information.
390:
280:
95:
3056:
2953:
2814:
1936:
1613:
557:
464:
354:
295:
in California houses many documents from the United Kingdom.
204:
65:
1445:"Forgeries revealed in the National Archives – Times Online"
1258:
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (2011).
369:
315:
303:
221:
and other legal documents which usually follow a set format.
112:
1941:
1589:
Primary Sources from World War One and Two: War-letters.com
1558:
To the Sources: Introduction to Historical Source Criticism
1141:
Dalton, Margaret Stieg; Charnigo, Laurie (September 2004).
919:
From reliable sources: an introduction to historical method
552:, a number of 11th- and 12th-century forgeries produced by
541:
438:
1686:"How to distinguish between primary and secondary sources"
1629:
1061:
Research Process in Physical Education and Sports Sciences
921:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. pp. 20–22.
19:
For Knowledge's policy on the use of primary sources, see
1651:
945:(1995). "Historical Truth: An Interview with Ken Burns".
4404:
819:
Between Two Cultures:An Introduction to Economic History
102:
5698:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
207:, films, biographies, leading philosophical works, and
116:
From a letter of Philip II, King of Spain, 16th century
1380:
1295:
History of Medicine: A Scandalously Short Introduction
232:
how much the filmmaker modifies the original sources.
5990:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
1623:
in the collections of major research libraries using
1554:
Til kilderne!: introduktion til historisk kildekritik
345:
has digitized materials from across Europe while the
4838:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
1595:
Fold3.com – Over 60,000,000 Primary Source Documents
1327:(3). Ethnohistory, Vol. 33, No. 3: 292–312, at 292.
1128:
Library of Congress, " Analysis of Primary Sources"
1638:A collection of religious texts and books from the
846:
A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000
491:to present the opposing sides in a negative light.
326:also has primary source materials in many formats.
4798:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
4656:
2438:
6194:
5456:
6817:
1384:The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia, and the Red Sea
1190:"Future Historians: Their Quest for Information"
1188:Delgadillo, Roberto; Lynch, Beverly (May 1999).
786:An Introduction to the Historiography of Science
721:". University Libraries, University of Maryland.
6022:
2265:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1662:project that collects, edits, and catalogs all
1187:
916:
1752:Links to many online history archival sources.
1140:
917:Howell, Martha C.; Prevenier, Walter. (2001).
32:This wall painting found in the Roman city of
6180:
5846:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
5716:Western European colonialism and colonization
4265:
1772:
1700:Historical Association of Joan of Arc Studies
1531:Marius, Richard; Page, Melvin Eugene (2005).
21:Knowledge:No original research § Primary
4176:
1298:. University of Toronto Press. p. 366.
1251:
1057:
312:National Archives and Records Administration
4279:
1727:from the Center for History and New Media,
1560:] (in Danish). København: Gads Forlag.
789:. Cambridge University Press. p. 121.
413:
6780:
6187:
6173:
4272:
4258:
1779:
1765:
1143:"Historians and Their Information Sources"
997:
995:
842:
266:
4901:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1387:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7.
1287:
1285:
1230:
1224:
1205:
1158:
811:
809:
751:
749:
747:
6120:Historical geographic information system
2886:
1725:Finding primary sources in world history
1115:Barbara W. Sommer and Mary Kay Quinlan,
1064:. Friends Publications (India). p.
379:
111:
27:
1442:
1088:
992:
815:
778:
776:
774:
772:
719:Primary, secondary and tertiary sources
90:Primary sources are distinguished from
6818:
5760:English historical school of economics
3812:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
1866:
1534:A short guide to writing about history
1368:
1318:
1291:
1282:
941:
806:
744:
498:
389:eyewitness reports of an event may be
6168:
6076:
6021:
5956:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
5795:Historical reliability of the Gospels
5653:
5180:
4253:
4242:
2885:
2628:
2392:
2031:
1865:
1760:
1355:in the present state of our knowledge
822:. W. W. Norton & Co. p. 27.
782:
401:history revolves around heavy use of
103:Significance of source classification
6770:
6148:
4243:
3773:More Irish than the Irish themselves
1690:University of California, Santa Cruz
1018:
769:
699:from the original on 18 January 2018
584:in the hope of establishing a false
357:has primary sources from Australia.
353:have items from all over the world.
6800:
4843:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
2032:
1696:Joan of Arc: Primary Sources Series
1552:Olden-Jørgensen, Sebastian (2005).
1095:. Newton Abbot, David and Charles.
896:Research Guides at Tufts University
881:, Session 5, accessed 22 March 2023
13:
5856:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
3800:Fourth Italian War of Independence
1786:
1715:"Primary versus secondary sources"
1709:University of California, Berkeley
1705:Finding Historical Primary Sources
14:
6857:
6460:Library and information scientist
1576:
1497:. Westwood, CT: Greenwood Press.
1422:"Introduction to record class R4"
980:"Primary Sources: what are they?"
764:Harvard Guide to American History
690:
320:Digital Public Library of America
6799:
6789:
6779:
6769:
6760:
6759:
6750:
6749:
6147:
6138:
6137:
5654:
5154:
5153:
4995:Palestinian expulsion and flight
3507:5000-year civilization assertion
3083:Nadir of American race relations
1680:University of Maryland Libraries
1676:"Research Using Primary Sources"
1516:(2nd ed.). Waveland Press.
1478:. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
1216:
1194:College & Research Libraries
1173:
1147:College & Research Libraries
879:Succeeding in postgraduate study
314:also has digital collections in
6790:
6483:Library and information science
5984:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
4858:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
4793:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
4600:Causes of the Armenian genocide
2909:Pyramid construction techniques
2476:Comparative historical research
2393:
2094:Library and information science
1604:A listing of over 5000 websites
1466:
1436:
1414:
1405:
1374:
1362:
1312:
1181:
1134:
1122:
1109:
1082:
1051:
1012:
973:
935:
910:
849:. Orient Longman. p. 302.
124:
6555:Electronic resource management
5996:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5946:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
5755:Historical school of economics
5692:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
5130:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5004:Zionism as settler colonialism
4009:Limpieza de sangre controversy
2976:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
1719:Bowling Green State University
884:
867:
836:
724:
711:
684:
169:and descriptions of religious
1:
5805:Opposition to Papal supremacy
5181:
2993:Indigenous population history
1630:Shapell Manuscript Foundation
1537:. New York: Pearson Longman.
1443:Leppard, David (4 May 2008).
1264:Scholarly definition document
1237:Scholarly definition document
732:Primary and secondary sources
693:"Journalism: Primary Sources"
677:
516:articles on a certain topic.
483:or altered for propaganda or
336:National Archives of Scotland
48:as an academic discipline, a
5721:Desacralization of knowledge
3992:Carlism in the Francoist era
3960:Holodomor in modern politics
2629:
1640:Internet Sacred Text Archive
1583:Primary sources repositories
1476:A Student's Guide to History
989:. Lafayette College Library.
892:"Primary Sources – Religion"
527:
7:
6488:Education for librarianship
6113:Historiographic metafiction
6077:
6023:Organizations, publications
5812:Proto-orthodox Christianity
4762:German resistance to Nazism
4618:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4028:Islamic revolution of Spain
3955:Holodomor genocide question
3831:Revisionism of Risorgimento
3825:Rerum italicarum scriptores
3806:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
3573:Self-Strengthening Movement
2723:decolonization of knowledge
1493:Craver, Kathleen W (1999).
1474:Benjamin, Jules R. (2004).
591:
487:purposes. The facts can be
370:Library of Congress catalog
10:
6862:
6648:History of library science
5910:Wissenschaft des Judentums
5887:Criticism of Protestantism
4767:Nazi foreign policy debate
4198:Second colonial occupation
3945:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
3583:Tibetan sovereignty debate
3127:Progressive-era historians
2562:Nationalization of history
2513:Historical-critical method
947:American Historical Review
816:Cipolla, Carlo M. (1992).
741:". Ithaca College Library.
165:, the primary sources are
107:
18:
6745:
6656:
6635:
6468:
6402:
6206:
6132:
6083:
6072:
6028:
6017:
5966:
5770:
5729:
5660:
5649:
5505:
5191:
5187:
5176:
5148:
5117:
5081:
4975:
4929:
4915:Second Sino-Japanese War
4893:
4823:
4775:
4737:
4697:
4573:
4395:
4314:
4290:
4249:
4238:
4214:
4112:
4079:
3970:
3894:
3851:
3792:
3757:
3729:
3720:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
3664:
3591:
3497:
3425:
3139:
3068:
3001:
2963:
2896:
2892:
2881:
2706:
2639:
2635:
2624:
2401:
2388:
2215:
2082:
2044:
2040:
2027:
1904:
1878:
1874:
1861:
1794:
695:. Pepperdine University.
374:National Archives catalog
38:portrait of Terentius Neo
6765:Category:Library science
6450:Information professional
6347:Learning Resource Centre
5670:Crisis of historiography
4833:Auschwitz bombing debate
4519:Indian Rebellion of 1857
4370:Late Bronze Age collapse
4304:List of military museums
3907:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
3879:Polish People's Republic
3714:Sybel-Ficker controversy
3078:African-American history
3051:Colonial Spanish America
2840:Second Thirty Years' War
1646:All sources repositories
1619:27 February 2020 at the
1292:Duffin, Jacalyn (1999).
1021:The American Sociologist
760:Arthur Meier Schlesinger
414:Strengths and weaknesses
187:archaeological artifacts
4783:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
4642:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4193:Porter–MacKenzie debate
3950:Causes of the Holodomor
3487:Problem of two emperors
3435:Catilinarian conspiracy
2662:Historical significance
2523:Indiscipline of history
2498:Historical anthropology
1739:10 October 2011 at the
1729:George Mason University
1424:. The National Archives
1117:The Oral History Manual
1089:Iredale, David (1973).
985:8 February 2009 at the
843:Sreedharan, E. (2004).
546:Donation of Constantine
427:and not history at all.
267:Finding primary sources
6535:Collection development
5877:Protestant Reformation
5851:Second Vatican Council
5829:Succession to Muhammad
5824:Criticism of the Quran
5575:Religious perspectives
5309:Klemens von Metternich
4906:"Battle for Australia"
4788:Soviet offensive plans
4757:Broad vs. narrow front
4596:Late Ottoman genocides
3529:Century of humiliation
3310:Goguryeo controversies
3288:2,500-year celebration
2946:Double genocide theory
2733:Historical negationism
2557:Ancestral civilisation
2545:Historical materialism
2503:Historical determinism
2453:History of mentalities
1682:(accessed 16 Jul 2013)
1200:(3): 245–259, at 253.
875:4.1 Primary literature
453:
435:
264:
117:
41:
6540:Collective collection
6001:Torsion mangonel myth
5904:Modern Jewish history
5899:Jesuit historiography
5892:Protestant work ethic
5872:Hesychast controversy
5737:Industrial Revolution
5687:Library of Alexandria
5605:The Lord of the Rings
5255:Constantine the Great
5135:Torsion mangonel myth
5067:Sri Lankan Civil War
4146:Storm over the gentry
4047:Colonies or Provinces
3578:Sprouts of capitalism
2652:Historic preservation
2647:Change and continuity
1058:Ravinder Pal (2020).
783:Kragh, Helge (1989).
666:Scientific journalism
443:
421:
380:Using primary sources
347:World Digital Library
237:
147:scientific literature
115:
31:
6703:Library associations
6643:History of libraries
6560:Information literacy
6088:Commemorative plaque
5304:Juan Manuel de Rosas
4752:"Blitzkrieg" concept
4623:Powder keg of Europe
4498:Franco-Prussian War
4168:Winter of Discontent
4151:Suffragette Campaign
3818:Italiani brava gente
3784:Revolutionary period
3606:Frankish Interregnum
3539:"Chineseness" debate
3472:Byzantine succession
3457:Fall of Western Rome
3398:Executed Renaissance
2887:By country or region
2831:Age of Enlightenment
2805:Vaticinium ex eventu
2752:Modernisation theory
2586:Quantitative history
1962:Historical documents
1734:Guide to Terminology
1660:Wikimedia Foundation
1614:Find primary sources
1512:Gray, Wood (1991) .
1270:on 10 September 2011
1207:10.5860/crl.60.3.245
1160:10.5860/crl.65.5.400
737:1 March 2016 at the
582:UK National Archives
550:Anglo-Saxon charters
285:historical societies
159:intellectual history
6841:Information science
6826:Works about history
6580:Library instruction
6440:Periodicals/serials
6359:Special collections
5917:Schools of thought
5882:Proto-Protestantism
5751:School of Thoughts
5633:William Shakespeare
5618:Robert Falcon Scott
5523:Friedrich Nietzsche
5361:Cult of personality
5346:Neville Chamberlain
5206:Alexander the Great
5088:Russo-Georgian War
5061:Sovereignty dispute
5040:Iranian Revolution
4870:"Polish death camp"
4847:In relation to the
4556:Myth of English aid
4547:War of the Pacific
4324:Albigensian Crusade
3749:Indigenous Aryanism
3445:Constantinian shift
2981:Residential schools
2738:Historian's fallacy
2657:Historic recurrence
2155:Numismatics (Money)
1927:Archaeological site
1851:theories of history
1608:University of Idaho
641:Historical document
564:, who placed false
499:Classifying sources
308:Chronicling America
300:Library of Congress
289:special collections
6755:Category:Libraries
6622:Technical services
6590:Library publishing
6585:Library management
6413:Distance education
6108:Historical realism
6103:Historical fiction
6048:History institutes
6038:Historical society
6033:Heritage registers
5921:Biblical criticism
5834:Islamic golden age
5785:Early Christianity
5665:Bears in antiquity
5553:Medieval Christian
5351:Pedro II of Brazil
5299:José de San Martín
5103:Syrian revolution
5015:Malayan Emergency
4990:1948 Palestine war
4723:Spanish Civil War
4673:War guilt question
4482:American Civil War
4462:Invasion of Russia
4438:New Russian School
4222:Colonial Australia
3938:October Revolution
3701:Strukturgeschichte
3637:Location of Alésia
3556:Hua–Yi distinction
3477:Moscow, third Rome
3093:Reconstruction era
2914:Black Egypt Thesis
2836:European Civil War
2792:Translatio imperii
2747:Invented tradition
1868:Historical sources
1750:Thehistorysite.org
1231:Princeton (2011).
1033:10.1007/BF02692395
576:authenticated the
566:monumental brasses
341:In other regions,
293:Huntington Library
215:Diplomatic sources
118:
42:
6846:History resources
6813:
6812:
6600:Readers' advisory
6273:Library of things
6162:
6161:
6128:
6127:
6068:
6067:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6008:
5926:Catholic theology
5780:Avestan geography
5645:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5628:Søren Kierkegaard
5501:
5500:
5412:Warren G. Harding
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
4971:
4970:
4849:Armenian genocide
4712:Polish–Soviet War
4707:Burning of Smyrna
4693:
4692:
4683:Reichstag inquiry
4606:Patriotic consent
4477:
4476:
4452:War in the Vendée
4416:French Revolution
4398:century conflicts
4387:Peloponnesian War
4348:Eighty Years' War
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4139:Westminster Stone
3836:Southern question
3675:Alltagsgeschichte
3625:Legendary Saracen
3327:Early settlements
3135:
3134:
3115:Political history
3100:Consensus history
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2859:Continuity thesis
2798:Translatio studii
2684:Theory of history
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2574:Subaltern Studies
2459:Nouvelle histoire
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2296:Medieval churches
2283:Geistesgeschichte
2227:Paleoanthropology
2135:Encyclopaedistics
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
1891:Secondary sources
1567:978-87-12-03778-1
1544:978-0-321-22716-4
1523:978-0-88133-626-9
1075:978-81-947997-6-4
873:Open University,
829:978-0-393-30816-7
656:Original research
631:Source literature
616:Archival research
574:Hugh Trevor-Roper
562:Sir Edward Dering
474:Participants and
395:classical studies
331:National Archives
163:religious history
151:political history
92:secondary sources
6853:
6803:
6802:
6793:
6792:
6783:
6782:
6773:
6772:
6763:
6762:
6753:
6752:
6550:Discovery system
6498:Archival science
6208:Types of library
6189:
6182:
6175:
6166:
6165:
6151:
6150:
6141:
6140:
6093:Documentary film
6074:
6073:
6053:History journals
6019:
6018:
5992:
5864:
5800:Primacy of Peter
5747:Great Depression
5727:
5726:
5700:
5678:
5651:
5650:
5599:J. R. R. Tolkien
5454:
5453:
5449:
5437:
5425:
5407:Ulysses S. Grant
5402:Thomas Jefferson
5393:
5369:
5332:
5295:
5283:
5251:
5239:
5231:Chiang Ching-kuo
5221:Cato the Younger
5211:Amin al-Husseini
5189:
5188:
5178:
5177:
5157:
5156:
5140:War and genocide
4964:
4950:Résistancialisme
4937:Battle of France
4919:Nanjing Massacre
4773:
4772:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4614:
4564:
4446:
4429:
4402:
4401:
4329:Catharism debate
4315:pre-18th century
4297:Military history
4274:
4267:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4244:By war, conflict
4240:
4239:
4188:Cambridge School
4174:
4173:
4072:
4060:
4036:
4017:
3927:
3915:
3887:
3709:
3687:Historikerstreit
3657:
3645:
3633:
3614:
3600:Cordon sanitaire
3546:New Qing History
3534:Conquest dynasty
3525:
3440:Christianization
3423:
3422:
3342:
3255:
3243:
3231:
3209:
3197:
3189:Byzantine Empire
3044:Iquicha Royalism
3033:
2999:
2998:
2922:
2894:
2893:
2883:
2882:
2826:Age of Discovery
2815:Periodization of
2812:
2811:
2786:Transhistoricity
2781:Thirty-year rule
2692:
2680:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2606:Great Man theory
2569:People's history
2531:
2436:
2435:
2428:Three-age system
2390:
2389:
2090:Archival science
2042:
2041:
2029:
2028:
1896:Tertiary sources
1876:
1875:
1863:
1862:
1812:by area of study
1781:
1774:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1656:The Free Library
1636:Sacred Texts.com
1571:
1548:
1527:
1508:
1489:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1449:The Sunday Times
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1016:
1010:
999:
990:
977:
971:
970:
939:
933:
932:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
898:. 26 August 2014
888:
882:
871:
865:
864:
840:
834:
833:
813:
804:
803:
780:
767:
753:
742:
728:
722:
715:
709:
708:
706:
704:
691:Peace, Kristin.
688:
671:Scholarly method
646:Secondary source
626:Source criticism
544:used the forged
451:
433:
324:Internet Archive
259:natural sciences
225:Social documents
209:scientific works
201:literary sources
182:cultural history
155:history of ideas
135:secondary source
52:(also called an
44:In the study of
6861:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6741:
6708:Library schools
6652:
6631:
6575:Library history
6470:Library science
6464:
6398:
6364:Special library
6202:
6200:library science
6193:
6163:
6158:
6157:
6124:
6079:
6064:
6024:
6005:
5988:
5971:
5962:
5858:
5766:
5742:Great Recession
5725:
5696:
5672:
5656:
5637:
5528:H. P. Lovecraft
5497:
5459:
5452:
5443:
5431:
5419:
5387:
5363:
5336:Muammar Gaddafi
5326:
5314:Leonid Brezhnev
5289:
5277:
5260:Gregory Palamas
5245:
5243:Chiang Kai Shek
5233:
5193:
5183:
5164:
5163:
5144:
5125:Conflict thesis
5113:
5077:
4967:
4958:
4925:
4889:
4819:
4771:
4733:
4699:Interwar period
4689:
4659:
4652:
4644:
4628:Schlieffen Plan
4608:
4569:
4558:
4473:
4440:
4423:
4408:
4397:
4391:
4375:Dorian invasion
4360:Fall of Babylon
4316:
4310:
4309:
4286:
4278:
4245:
4226:
4202:
4179:
4172:
4134:Kingdom of Alba
4115:
4108:
4075:
4066:
4054:
4052:Spanish decline
4030:
4011:
3966:
3921:
3909:
3890:
3881:
3847:
3788:
3753:
3739:Greater Magadha
3725:
3703:
3660:
3651:
3639:
3627:
3608:
3587:
3561:Four Barbarians
3519:
3493:
3421:
3378:Götaland theory
3346:Lusotropicalism
3336:
3317:North Macedonia
3249:
3237:
3225:
3203:
3191:
3131:
3110:Frontier thesis
3105:Cyclical theory
3088:Neoabolitionism
3064:
3027:
2997:
2959:
2936:Greater Morocco
2916:
2888:
2865:
2816:
2810:
2702:
2686:
2674:
2631:
2612:
2525:
2440:
2434:
2416:Historical eras
2397:
2376:
2211:
2108:Writing systems
2078:
2036:
2034:Fields of study
2015:
2009:Service records
1994:Religious texts
1900:
1886:Primary sources
1870:
1857:
1856:
1790:
1785:
1755:
1741:Wayback Machine
1621:Wayback Machine
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959:10.2307/2168603
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651:Tertiary source
594:
540:For centuries,
530:
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416:
382:
329:In the UK, the
304:American Memory
269:
252:social sciences
167:religious texts
127:
110:
105:
78:library science
54:original source
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6859:
6849:
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6836:Historiography
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6557:
6552:
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6530:Classification
6527:
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6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
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6472:
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6455:Informationist
6452:
6447:
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6435:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6400:
6399:
6397:
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6389:Transportation
6386:
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6366:
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5518:Charles Darwin
5515:
5509:
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5488:United Kingdom
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5478:Modern Germany
5475:
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5397:Thomas Aquinas
5394:
5382:
5377:
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5375:
5370:
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5348:
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5333:
5321:
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5272:
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5265:Horatio Nelson
5262:
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5115:
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5109:
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5097:Responsibility
5094:
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5021:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5009:New Historians
5006:
5001:
4987:
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4913:
4908:
4903:
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4888:
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4882:
4877:
4875:Responsibility
4872:
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4845:
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4821:
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4688:
4687:
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4670:
4664:
4662:
4651:
4639:
4633:Spirit of 1914
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4603:
4593:
4590:Fischer thesis
4579:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4553:
4545:
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4533:
4531:Paraguayan War
4528:
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4496:
4495:
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4464:
4457:Napoleonic era
4454:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4435:
4430:
4421:Pre-revolution
4412:
4410:
4406:Coalition Wars
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4367:
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4308:
4307:
4300:
4292:
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4288:
4287:
4284:historiography
4277:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4254:
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4246:
4236:
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4232:
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4143:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4102:Decline thesis
4099:
4092:Ottoman Empire
4089:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4018:
4006:
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3994:
3989:
3984:
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3964:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3919:Skeptic School
3904:
3902:Anti-Normanism
3898:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3859:Golden Liberty
3855:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3841:Neo-Bourbonism
3833:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3809:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3769:
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3755:
3754:
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3741:
3735:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3716:
3711:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3681:Borussian myth
3678:
3670:
3668:
3662:
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3659:
3658:
3646:
3634:
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3603:
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3307:
3297:
3292:
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3258:
3257:
3256:
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3186:
3181:
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3179:
3171:
3166:
3165:
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3156:
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3152:Dealbanisation
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3133:
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3129:
3124:
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3112:
3107:
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3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3022:
3016:May Revolution
3007:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2986:Staples thesis
2983:
2978:
2967:
2965:
2961:
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2864:
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2842:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2818:modern history
2809:
2808:
2801:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2764:
2762:Paradigm shift
2759:
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2448:Annales school
2444:
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2311:Constitutional
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2187:Postage stamps
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2020:
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2016:
2014:
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1984:Oral tradition
1981:
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1577:External links
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1371:, p. 292.
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316:Digital Vaults
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6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6634:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6570:Legal deposit
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6467:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6401:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6190:
6185:
6183:
6178:
6176:
6171:
6170:
6167:
6154:
6146:
6144:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6075:
6071:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6027:
6020:
6016:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5979:Merton thesis
5977:
5976:
5974:
5969:
5965:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5931:Panbabylonism
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5907:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5862:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5728:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5652:
5648:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5597:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5494:
5493:United States
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5455:
5447:
5442:
5439:
5435:
5430:
5427:
5423:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5373:Bolivarianism
5371:
5367:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5356:Simon Bolivar
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5287:Joseph Stalin
5285:
5281:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5175:
5160:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:Post-Cold War
5080:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5056:Falklands War
5054:
5052:
5051:Iran–Iraq War
5049:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4999:Ongoing Nakba
4996:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4962:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:Western Front
4928:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4911:Bengal famine
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4825:The Holocaust
4822:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:Eastern Front
4774:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4648:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4507:Paris Commune
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4492:Turning point
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4444:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4396:18th and 19th
4394:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4341:Islamic views
4339:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4313:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4241:
4237:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4111:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4070:
4065:
4064:Ser de España
4062:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4034:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3885:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3655:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3482:Ottoman claim
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Prosopography
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3416:
3415:Trưng sisters
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3162:Habsburg myth
3160:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3070:United States
3067:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3003:Latin America
3000:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2880:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2690:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2623:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:Transnational
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2486:Decoloniality
2484:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2467:Historiometry
2465:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2437:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2411:Periodization
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:Sigillography
2195:
2193:
2192:Prosopography
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2114:
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6374:Subscription
6303:Presidential
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5710:The Simpsons
5708:
5655:Other topics
5603:
5580:Christianity
5570:Resurrection
5201:Adolf Hitler
5030:Six-Day War
5026:Algerian War
4997: /
4956:Vichy France
4948:
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4851: /
4739:World War II
4635: /
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4097:Ghaza thesis
4020:
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3980: /
3978:Black legend
3933:Soviet Union
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3767:Great Famine
3744:Indocentrism
3718:
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3427:Ancient Rome
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2849:19th century
2847: /
2838: /
2803:
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2790:
2766:
2740: /
2714:Black legend
2672:Historiology
2469: /
2457:
2420:
2358:Quantitative
2281:
2277:Intellectual
2243: /
2239: /
2225: /
2223:Anthropology
2177:Phaleristics
2170:preservation
2165:Oral history
2106: /
2092: /
2074:Microhistory
1885:
1849:
1842:
1835:
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1819:
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1745:Archivopedia
1664:source texts
1655:
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1557:
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1533:
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1475:
1467:Bibliography
1452:. Retrieved
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6525:Circulation
6098:Hagiography
5859: [
5819:Early Islam
5673: [
5565:Historicity
5543:Historicity
5533:Jane Austen
5513:The Beatles
5483:Netherlands
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5441:Zhuge Liang
5432: [
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5388: [
5385:Sun Yat Tse
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5275:Jiang Zemin
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4959: [
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4678:Article 231
4668:Reparations
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4586:Color books
4575:World War I
4559: [
4536:War of 1812
4441: [
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4409:(1792–1815)
4380:Sea Peoples
4365:Gallic Wars
4067: [
4055: [
4042:Revisionist
4031: [
4022:Reconquista
4012: [
4004:Inquisition
3998:Convivencia
3922: [
3910: [
3882: [
3779:Revisionism
3704: [
3652: [
3640: [
3628: [
3609: [
3551:Golden ages
3520: [
3517:Wunu School
3512:Archaeology
3385:Switzerland
3368:Kosovo Myth
3356:Great Union
3337: [
3322:Philippines
3305:Nationalist
3278:Ages of Man
3250: [
3238: [
3226: [
3204: [
3192: [
3028: [
3025:Revisionist
2917: [
2854:Renaissance
2719:Coloniality
2687: [
2675: [
2667:Historicity
2591:Revisionist
2581:Pop history
2552:Nationalist
2526: [
2471:Cliometrics
2439:Approaches,
2395:Methodology
2291:Linguistics
2241:Environment
2207:Vexillology
2130:Diplomatics
2113:Chorography
2052:Big History
2004:War diaries
1977:Illuminated
1972:Manuscripts
1957:Hieroglyphs
1837:historicity
1625:ArchiveGrid
1597:created by
1369:Henige 1986
1239:. Princeton
1130:online 2007
636:Source text
572:. In 1986,
554:monasteries
535:diplomatics
461:objectivity
457:peer review
362:finding aid
180:A study of
6820:Categories
6730:Archivists
6713:Librarians
6671:by country
6508:Cataloging
6503:Assessment
6241:Consortium
6231:Children's
6153:Multimedia
5972:Technology
5936:Urreligion
5839:Kharijites
5790:Background
5458:Historical
5429:Zhou Enlai
5324:Mao Zedong
5319:Louis Riel
5092:Background
4943:Guilty Men
4885:Uniqueness
4808:Background
4803:Winter War
4727:Background
4660:Versailles
4514:Great Game
4161:Ricardians
4156:Tudor myth
3874:Partitions
3467:Succession
2757:Narratives
2742:Presentism
2698:Philosophy
2518:Humanistic
2406:Case study
2338:Indigenous
2316:Diplomatic
2260:Capitalism
2160:Onomastics
2118:Chronology
1947:Facsimiles
1932:Chronicles
1830:historians
1801:Historians
1652:Wikisource
1153:(5): 419.
902:15 January
703:17 January
678:References
586:provenance
493:Barristers
245:humanities
171:ceremonies
85:journalism
70:manuscript
6723:fictional
6686:destroyed
6666:Libraries
6605:Reference
6565:Inventory
6478:Five laws
6418:E-science
6405:librarian
6403:Types of
6394:Traveling
6236:Christian
6196:Libraries
5941:Perennial
5730:Economics
5682:Feudalism
5468:Australia
5216:Aurangzeb
5192:Political
5182:By person
4863:Pius Wars
4658:Treaty of
4317:conflicts
4124:Poor Laws
3987:Hispanism
3864:Sarmatism
3694:Sonderweg
3452:Expansion
3177:Litvinism
3011:Argentina
2845:Long 18th
2728:Dark Ages
2508:Historism
2306:Political
2245:Geography
2182:Philology
2145:Genealogy
2140:Epigraphy
2083:By source
1922:Artifacts
1717:from the
1707:from the
1688:from the
1678:from the
1166:3 January
1046:findings.
1041:143532955
604:Monograph
528:Forgeries
509:secondary
489:distorted
343:Europeana
277:libraries
195:Narrative
6785:Glossary
6696:national
6433:ensemble
6337:Research
6330:Carnegie
6298:National
6283:Medicine
6216:Academic
6143:Category
6058:template
5772:Religion
5623:Socrates
5538:Muhammed
5460:rankings
5341:Napoleon
5159:Category
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4880:Slovakia
4467:Waterloo
4336:Crusades
4281:Military
4129:Scotland
4087:Kemalist
3409:Nam tiến
3404:Vietnam
3394:Ukraine
3352:Romania
3334:Portugal
3260:Georgia
3235:Medieval
3184:Bulgaria
3173:Belarus
3158:Austria
2964:Americas
2932:Morocco
2928:Ethiopia
2707:Specific
2630:Concepts
2535:Leninist
2493:Feminist
2481:Critical
2328:Feminism
2301:Military
2255:Business
2250:Economic
2232:Cultural
2216:By topic
2202:Toponymy
2150:Heraldry
2098:template
2045:By scale
1967:Logbooks
1952:Features
1917:Archives
1737:Archived
1617:Archived
1400:survived
1349:11616953
983:Archived
735:Archived
697:Archived
598:Examples
592:See also
485:cover-up
481:censored
448:—
430:—
403:archives
366:WorldCat
273:archives
219:charters
217:include
62:document
58:artifact
56:) is an
6831:Sources
6795:Outline
6775:Commons
6691:medical
6681:ancient
6676:by size
6636:History
6627:Weeding
6610:virtual
6513:catalog
6352:virtual
6320:Private
6268:Lending
6246:Digital
6221:Archive
6078:Related
5968:Science
5613:Madonna
5585:Judaism
5548:Judaism
5380:Saladin
5270:Hypatia
5194:leaders
5118:Related
5071:Origins
5034:Origins
4985:Origins
4541:Origins
4487:Origins
4353:Origins
4215:Oceania
4178:British
4116:Kingdom
3759:Ireland
3666:Germany
3374:Sweden
3247:New Age
3223:Ancient
3219:Europe
3215:Croatia
3147:Albania
3140:Eurasia
2942:Rwanda
2640:General
2540:Marxist
2441:schools
2270:Thought
2237:Ecology
1999:Scrolls
1937:Codices
1905:Sources
1844:history
1821:History
1721:library
1711:library
1692:Library
1428:8 March
967:2168603
505:primary
469:opinion
465:journal
425:fiction
391:memoirs
281:museums
257:In the
250:In the
243:In the
205:diaries
197:sources
175:rituals
108:History
46:history
34:Pompeii
6615:roving
6445:School
6369:Street
6342:School
6325:Public
6315:Prison
6288:Mobile
6258:Hybrid
6251:shadow
6226:Branch
5704:Salons
5506:Others
5473:Canada
5107:Causes
5044:Causes
5019:Causes
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4747:Causes
4717:Causes
4582:Causes
4551:Causes
4524:Causes
4502:Causes
4433:Causes
4180:Empire
4114:United
4080:Turkey
3895:Russia
3869:Deluge
3852:Poland
3592:France
3390:Taiwan
3363:Serbia
3169:Balhae
3020:Causes
2971:Canada
2905:Egypt
2898:Africa
2422:Tarikh
2343:Labour
2333:Gender
2323:Social
2123:dating
1989:Papyri
1912:Annals
1658:– the
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287:, and
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6735:women
6718:women
6658:Lists
6428:Music
6293:Music
5951:Roman
5863:]
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5590:Islam
5560:Jesus
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3793:Italy
3731:India
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3499:China
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3300:Korea
3295:Japan
3284:Iran
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3254:]
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3230:]
3208:]
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3196:]
3057:Casta
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2954:Maafa
2921:]
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2370:Women
2365:Urban
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2348:LGBTQ
2104:Books
1942:Deeds
1879:Types
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1037:S2CID
963:JSTOR
568:in a
542:popes
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66:diary
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6379:Tool
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6198:and
6042:list
4637:1917
3649:Lyon
3120:Eras
3039:Peru
2774:list
2721:and
2601:Whig
1808:list
1562:ISBN
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1499:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1456:2011
1430:2015
1389:ISBN
1345:PMID
1300:ISBN
1276:2011
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1070:ISBN
1004:ISBN
923:ISBN
904:2014
851:ISBN
824:ISBN
791:ISBN
758:and
705:2018
556:and
507:and
439:bias
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