2248:
1258:
853:
1723:
2876:
2203:
673:
628:
298:
2473:
718:
2638:
913:
463:
2173:
613:
763:
2368:
2563:
403:
253:
823:
973:
733:
2653:
2038:
1918:
1843:
162:
2533:
1558:
1213:
2593:
2383:
2323:
2263:
538:
3742:
2398:
2188:
1858:
958:
838:
703:
328:
193:
2098:
2698:
2518:
2503:
2308:
1768:
1678:
1453:
1408:
748:
568:
358:
2233:
1798:
1603:
1588:
1093:
1978:
1873:
1573:
2728:
1693:
1183:
268:
373:
2788:
2353:
2008:
1753:
1273:
1018:
898:
883:
583:
523:
478:
2668:
2443:
2338:
2068:
1633:
1003:
688:
598:
147:
3756:
1048:
2623:
2578:
2113:
1903:
1528:
1363:
1333:
1303:
1288:
1168:
928:
778:
553:
448:
388:
343:
283:
2860:
2743:
2713:
2683:
2278:
2128:
1813:
1783:
1513:
1498:
1108:
988:
868:
313:
223:
208:
2293:
1738:
1483:
1438:
1393:
1228:
808:
508:
418:
2773:
2608:
2158:
1993:
1933:
1708:
1618:
1198:
1153:
238:
2428:
2218:
1243:
1078:
2758:
2548:
2488:
2083:
1963:
1888:
1828:
1663:
1543:
1423:
1138:
943:
658:
433:
1123:
1948:
1033:
793:
2023:
1648:
1468:
1318:
643:
132:
2458:
2053:
493:
2143:
1063:
1348:
2413:
1378:
3157:
3426:
3137:
Article 90 states that "The High
Contracting Parties may at the time of signing, ratifying or acceding to the Protocol, or at any other subsequent time, declare that they recognize ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other High Contracting Party accepting the same obligation,
3683:
vol. 20, issue 2, p. 285: "In view of the foregoing, it follows that the self determination provision in Art. 1(4) is largely symbolic and is not at all likely to present any practical problems in operations except that it automatically precludes Israel and South Africa from being parties to the
3701:
vol. 45, p 323: "The United States chose not to adopt the
Protocol in the face of intensive international criticism because of its policy conclusions that the text contained overly expansive provisions resulting from politicized pressure to accord protection to terrorists who elected to conduct
2971:
Exceptional circumstances affect the interests of the
Russian Federation and require urgent action. ... In the current international environment, the risks of abuse of the commission's powers for political purposes by unscrupulous states who act in bad faith have increased
2981:
Protocol I is an extensive document, containing 102 articles. The following is a basic overview of the protocol. For a comprehensive listing of all provisions, consult the text and the commentary. In general, the protocol reaffirms the provisions of the original four
3105:. Combatant and prisoner of war status are granted to members of dissident forces when under the command of a central authority. Such combatants cannot conceal their allegiance; they must be recognizable as combatants while preparing for or during an attack.
3222:"alien occupation" refers to territory that has been occupied by a conquering state but has not been annexed, and is populated by a different ethnic group. The prime example of that was the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian people
3362:"Treaties, States parties, and Commentaries - Signatory States - Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977"
3387:"Treaties, States parties, and Commentaries - States Parties - Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977"
3072:. The first three are "works and installations containing dangerous forces" and may be attacked only in ways that do not threaten to release the dangerous forces (i.e., it is permissible to capture them but not to destroy them).
3210:
The situations referred to in the preceding paragraph include armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination and alien occupation and against racist regimes in the exercise of their right of
2966:
bill to revoke the statement accompanying Russia's ratification of the
Protocol I, accepting the competence of the Article 90(2) International Fact-Finding Commission. The bill was supplied with the following warning:
3225:"racist regimes" referred mainly to apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia. It only included those countries with institutionalized racism, but not countries where the government merely practiced racial discrimination.
2918:". In practice, Additional Protocol I updated and reaffirmed the international laws of war stipulated in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 to accommodate developments of warfare since the Second World War (1937–1945).
2990:
Article I states that the convention applies in "armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination and alien occupation and against racist régimes in the exercise of their right of
4906:
4901:
3474:
3024:, or agents who are parachuting from an aircraft, whether in distress or not, are not given the protection afforded by this Article and, therefore, may be attacked during their descent.
4871:
4026:
4706:
4866:
4776:
4236:
4511:
4916:
3627:"Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977"
3475:"Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977"
4071:
3591:"Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977"
3462:
Protocol
Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977
4876:
3031:"shall be subject to an internal disciplinary system which, inter alia, shall enforce compliance with the rules of international law applicable in armed conflict."
4326:
3976:
4481:
4121:
4041:
3386:
4846:
3337:
3219:"colonial domination" refers to "saltwater colonialism" of overseas colonies. It was not meant to apply to states conquering and annexing adjacent territories.
4626:
3361:
3427:"The Rules Governing the Conduct of Hostilities in Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949: A Review of Relevant United States References"
4911:
3229:
Some scholars opined that this article constituted the main impediment that prevented Israel and apartheid-era South Africa from signing the agreement.
56:
Protocol
Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I)
4896:
4886:
3139:
4641:
3516:
4106:
3555:
4881:
3045:
Articles 51 and 54 outlaw indiscriminate attacks on civilian populations, and destruction of food, water, and other materials needed for survival.
3232:
The article appears to grant combatant status to non-state actors. As many non-state actors have been designated as terrorist groups (such as the
4841:
4416:
4141:
3812:
3534:
3411:
4926:
4781:
3795:"New rules for victims of armed conflicts, Commentary on the two 1977 Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949", by M. Bothe,
3956:
3843:
3626:
4566:
4201:
4051:
3049:
include directly attacking civilian (non-military) targets, but also using technologies whose scope of destruction cannot be limited. A
4656:
4616:
3920:
3280:
2931:
4891:
4756:
4681:
3981:
3789:
3779:
3630:
3127:
2906:
concerning the protection of civilian victims of international war, such as "armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against
4936:
4836:
4786:
4176:
3590:
4921:
4856:
4266:
4226:
4946:
4861:
4696:
4146:
3721:
3446:
3245:
3080:
4931:
4586:
4526:
4436:
3108:
Article 35 bans weapons that "cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering", as well as means of warfare that "cause
2863:
4941:
4851:
4181:
3951:
3317:
3142:
to enquire into allegations by such other Party, as authorized by this
Article." 74 states have made such a declaration.
4421:
4301:
3796:
3785:
3684:
Protocol, an unfortunate consequence in view of the military capability of both states in relation to their neighbors."
4766:
4686:
4666:
4646:
4451:
4316:
4076:
3804:
3660:
3233:
3193:
17:
4726:
4691:
4621:
4531:
4376:
4371:
4221:
4156:
4131:
4006:
3961:
3836:
3713:
3009:, including that there are no survivors, to threaten an adversary as such, or to conduct hostilities on that basis.
2208:
858:
35:
4821:
4796:
4736:
4661:
4636:
4501:
4466:
4441:
4431:
4386:
4361:
4261:
4206:
4151:
4101:
4016:
3573:
3261:. The rest of the Protocol contains strict prohibitions against acts of terror (Article 13, Article 51(2) etc).
4806:
4536:
4471:
4426:
4291:
3996:
3986:
3946:
1728:
4831:
4741:
4716:
4711:
4676:
4671:
4596:
4576:
4496:
4321:
4196:
4191:
4126:
4091:
4086:
4056:
4021:
3020:
before being attacked unless it is apparent that they are engaging in a hostile act or attempting to escape.
2807:
2253:
4811:
4801:
4791:
4761:
4651:
4606:
4546:
4516:
4506:
4486:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4346:
4336:
4331:
4286:
4271:
4246:
4231:
4211:
4186:
4161:
4081:
4046:
4031:
4011:
4001:
3991:
3971:
3966:
3609:
4826:
4771:
4721:
4611:
4591:
4571:
4551:
4491:
4476:
4446:
4396:
4381:
4356:
4306:
4296:
4281:
4251:
4171:
4096:
4066:
4061:
4036:
3941:
3829:
3258:
3175:
3167:
3109:
42:
4816:
4751:
4731:
4701:
4631:
4601:
4561:
4541:
4521:
4461:
4366:
4351:
4341:
4311:
4276:
4256:
4216:
4136:
4116:
3027:
Article 43 deals with the identification of Armed Forces that are Party to a conflict, and states that
3340:
on 16 October 2019 via executive order and submitted such legislation to be adopted by the State Duma.
4746:
4581:
4556:
4456:
4391:
4241:
4166:
4111:
3556:"Putin revokes additional protocol to Geneva Conventions related to protection of war crimes victims"
3304:, a 1977 amendment adopted relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts
3016:. Once they landed in territory controlled by an adverse party, they must be given an opportunity to
3881:
3871:
3774:
3095:
633:
3809:
3694:
3876:
3866:
3769:
3488:
3285:
3013:
3270:
2879:
A map showing the state parties and signatories of
Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions (1977).
468:
3237:
3046:
2934:. The United States, Iran, and Pakistan signed it on 12 December 1977 but never ratified it.
2178:
723:
2875:
3017:
2899:
2643:
64:
8:
3065:
2911:
2568:
1338:
258:
3852:
3491:[Executive order by President of Russian Federation No. 494, 16 October 2019].
3275:
2983:
2903:
1983:
918:
30:"Geneva Protocol I" redirects here. For the chemical and nuclear weapons protocol, see
3800:
3656:
3442:
3102:
3098:. It does allow, however, for persons under the age of 15 to participate voluntarily.
3084:
1113:
978:
3434:
3296:
3131:
3069:
2844:
2834:
2829:
2819:
3240:
declared that
Article 1(4) "grant terrorists a psychological and legal victory".
3816:
3039:
3021:
2959:
2839:
2824:
2373:
1923:
31:
3438:
3053:
that does not distinguish between civilian and military targets is considered a
3761:
3130:, national societies, or other impartial humanitarian organizations to provide
3014:
attacks on pilots and aircrews who are parachuting from an aircraft in distress
2955:
2658:
828:
3935:
1563:
1218:
167:
3810:
U.S. President Ronald Reagan's message to the Senate on
Protocols I & II
3907:
3677:
Law in the Service of Terror -- The Strange Case of the Additional Protocol
3307:
3291:
3116:
3091:
3076:
2999:
2598:
2388:
2328:
2268:
738:
543:
3902:
3695:"Exceptional Engagement: Protocol I and a World United Against Terrorism"
3311:
3301:
3083:, and civilian medical personnel, and provide measures of protection for
2907:
2478:
2403:
2193:
2103:
2043:
1863:
1848:
963:
843:
768:
333:
198:
3747:
3254:
3028:
3006:
2963:
2867:
2703:
2523:
2508:
2313:
2238:
1803:
1773:
1683:
1608:
1593:
1458:
1413:
1098:
753:
573:
363:
3655:(First ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 317.
3821:
3702:
hostile military operations outside the established legal framework."
3517:"Putin Seeks to Abandon Geneva Conventions' Victim-Protection Clause"
3461:
3119:
recognized by the Geneva Conventions to deceive the opposing forces (
3054:
3050:
3035:
2915:
2733:
1878:
1698:
1578:
1188:
303:
273:
3741:
3110:
widespread, long-term, and severe damage to the natural environment
2927:
2793:
2673:
2448:
2358:
2343:
2073:
2013:
1758:
1638:
1278:
1263:
1023:
1008:
903:
888:
693:
603:
588:
528:
483:
378:
152:
3799:, W.A. Solf, Pub: Martinus Nijhoff The Hague/Boston/London, 1982,
3775:
List of countries that have signed but not yet ratified Protocol I
3755:
3610:"Commentary on the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions"
2199:
4907:
Treaties extended to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4902:
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
3714:"Prohibition of terrorist acts in international humanitarian law"
3120:
2995:
2748:
2718:
2688:
2628:
2583:
2283:
2133:
2118:
1908:
1818:
1788:
1533:
1518:
1503:
1368:
1308:
1293:
1173:
1128:
1053:
993:
933:
873:
783:
708:
558:
453:
408:
393:
348:
318:
288:
228:
213:
3782:
Special issue: 20th anniversary of the 1977 Additional Protocols
3215:
The three categories have been interpreted narrowly as follows:
2943:
2935:
2778:
2613:
2463:
2298:
2163:
2148:
2058:
1998:
1938:
1743:
1713:
1623:
1488:
1443:
1398:
1233:
1203:
1158:
1068:
813:
618:
513:
498:
423:
243:
3574:"A Summary of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols"
3075:
Articles 76 and 77, 15 and 79 provide special protections for
3786:
1977 Additional Protocols – short bibliography
3257:(including all its prohibitions and obligations) to national
3101:
Articles 43 and 44 clarify the military status of members of
2939:
2763:
2553:
2493:
2433:
2418:
2223:
2088:
1968:
1893:
1833:
1668:
1548:
1428:
1383:
1353:
1248:
1143:
1083:
948:
678:
663:
438:
3653:
Human rights and personal self-defense in international law
3431:
Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2011 - Volume 14
3115:
Article 85 states that it is a war crime to use one of the
2986:. However, the following additional protections are added.
2538:
2028:
1953:
1653:
1473:
1323:
1038:
798:
648:
137:
3780:
International Review of the Red Cross, 1997 – No. 320
3535:"Putin Pulls Russia Out of Convention on War-Crime Probes"
3489:"Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 16.10.2019 № 494"
3412:"Putin Pulls Russia Out of Convention on War-Crime Probes"
3310:, a 2005 amendment adopted specifying the adoption of the
2898:(also Additional Protocol I and AP I) is a 1977 amendment
624:
3061:
2998:. It identifies four types of perfidy and differentiates
459:
4872:
Treaties extended to the British Indian Ocean Territory
3288:
on the treatment of battlefield casualties in the field
2244:
2169:
4027:
Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
2634:
2559:
249:
4867:
Treaties extended to the British Antarctic Territory
3737:
3336:
Russia revoked their ratification of the point 2 of
909:
4777:
Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
4237:
Treaties of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia
969:
4917:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
4707:Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1985–2011)
2364:
1914:
3933:
3464:, ICRC; International Committee of the Red Cross
3038:shall not have the right to be a combatant or a
2649:
819:
27:1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Convention
4877:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
4512:Treaties of the People's Republic of Mozambique
3675:According to "A Response to Douglas J. Feith's
1554:
1209:
158:
4482:Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia
2589:
2379:
2319:
2259:
729:
534:
4847:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
4072:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
3837:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3253:the fight against terrorism, by applying the
2469:
2394:
2184:
2094:
2034:
1854:
1839:
954:
834:
759:
189:
4627:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2694:
2514:
2499:
2304:
2229:
1794:
1764:
1719:
1674:
1599:
1584:
1449:
1404:
744:
564:
354:
4327:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
3977:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola
3650:
3615:. International Committee of the Red Cross.
3477:. International Committee of the Red Cross.
3096:children under age 15 into the armed forces
2724:
1974:
1869:
1689:
1569:
1179:
294:
264:
4912:Treaties extended to Akrotiri and Dhekelia
4122:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
4042:Treaties of the People's Republic of Benin
3844:
3830:
3597:
3550:
3548:
3424:
2784:
2664:
2439:
2349:
2334:
2064:
2004:
1749:
1629:
1269:
1254:
1014:
999:
894:
879:
849:
684:
594:
579:
519:
474:
369:
143:
4897:Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands
4887:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
3281:List of parties to the Geneva Conventions
3194:Learn how and when to remove this message
2739:
2709:
2679:
2619:
2574:
2274:
2124:
2109:
1899:
1809:
1779:
1524:
1509:
1494:
1359:
1329:
1299:
1284:
1164:
1119:
1104:
1044:
984:
924:
864:
774:
699:
549:
444:
399:
384:
339:
324:
309:
279:
219:
204:
4107:Treaties of the Central African Republic
3631:International Committee of the Red Cross
2976:
2874:
2769:
2604:
2454:
2289:
2154:
2139:
2049:
1989:
1929:
1734:
1704:
1614:
1479:
1434:
1389:
1224:
1194:
1149:
1089:
1059:
804:
609:
504:
489:
414:
234:
4882:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
3545:
3511:
3509:
2754:
2544:
2484:
2424:
2409:
2214:
2079:
1959:
1884:
1824:
1659:
1539:
1419:
1374:
1344:
1239:
1134:
1074:
939:
714:
669:
654:
429:
14:
4842:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
4417:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
3934:
3851:
3170:for grammar, style, cohesion, and tone
3066:nuclear electrical-generating stations
2921:
2529:
2019:
1944:
1644:
1464:
1314:
1029:
789:
639:
128:
4142:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
3825:
3722:International Review of the Red Cross
3246:International Review of the Red Cross
3060:Articles 56 and 53 outlaw attacks on
4927:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
4782:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
3527:
3506:
3330:
3150:
3957:Treaties entered into force in 1978
3318:United Nations Mercenary Convention
3249:argues that this article, in fact,
24:
4567:Treaties of the State of Palestine
4202:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
4052:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
3711:
3593:. The American National Red Cross.
3579:. The American National Red Cross.
3433:. Vol. 14. pp. 133–171.
3236:), this article was deemed by the
25:
4958:
4657:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
4642:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
4617:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
3733:
3234:Palestine Liberation Organization
3126:Articles 17 and 81 authorize the
3754:
3740:
3155:
3132:assistance to the victims of war
2858:
2786:
2771:
2756:
2741:
2726:
2711:
2696:
2681:
2666:
2651:
2636:
2621:
2606:
2591:
2576:
2561:
2546:
2531:
2516:
2501:
2486:
2471:
2456:
2441:
2426:
2411:
2396:
2381:
2366:
2351:
2336:
2321:
2306:
2291:
2276:
2261:
2246:
2231:
2216:
2209:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2201:
2186:
2171:
2156:
2141:
2126:
2111:
2096:
2081:
2066:
2051:
2036:
2021:
2006:
1991:
1976:
1961:
1946:
1931:
1916:
1901:
1886:
1871:
1856:
1841:
1826:
1811:
1796:
1781:
1766:
1751:
1736:
1721:
1706:
1691:
1676:
1661:
1646:
1631:
1616:
1601:
1586:
1571:
1556:
1541:
1526:
1511:
1496:
1481:
1466:
1451:
1436:
1421:
1406:
1391:
1376:
1361:
1346:
1331:
1316:
1301:
1286:
1271:
1256:
1241:
1226:
1211:
1196:
1181:
1166:
1151:
1136:
1121:
1106:
1091:
1076:
1061:
1046:
1031:
1016:
1001:
986:
971:
956:
941:
926:
911:
896:
881:
866:
851:
836:
821:
806:
791:
776:
761:
746:
731:
716:
701:
686:
671:
656:
641:
626:
611:
596:
581:
566:
551:
536:
521:
506:
491:
476:
461:
446:
431:
416:
401:
386:
371:
356:
341:
326:
311:
296:
281:
266:
251:
236:
221:
206:
191:
160:
145:
130:
36:Geneva Protocol (disambiguation)
4892:Treaties extended to Montserrat
4757:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
4682:Treaties of the Solomon Islands
3982:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
3705:
3699:Texas International Law Journal
3687:
3669:
3644:
3619:
3583:
3566:
3425:Cadwalader, George Jr. (2011).
3243:By contrast, an article in the
3146:
2926:As of August 2024, it had been
4937:Treaties extended to Hong Kong
4837:Treaties extended to Greenland
4787:Treaties of the United Kingdom
4177:Treaties of the Czech Republic
3679:" by Waldemar A. Solf (1986),
3651:Hessbruegge, Jan Arno (2017).
3481:
3467:
3455:
3418:
3404:
3379:
3354:
2954:On 16 October 2019, President
74:20 February 1974 – 8 June 1977
13:
1:
4922:Treaties extended to Guernsey
4857:Treaties extended to Anguilla
4267:Treaties of Georgia (country)
4227:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
3697:by Michael A. Newton (2009),
3414:. Bloomberg. 17 October 2019.
3347:
51:Geneva Conventions Protocol I
4947:Treaties concluded in Geneva
4862:Treaties extended to Bermuda
4697:Treaties of the Soviet Union
4147:Treaties of the Cook Islands
2946:have not signed the treaty.
2864:Geneva Convention/Protocol I
7:
4932:Treaties extended to Jersey
4587:Treaties of the Philippines
4527:Treaties of the Netherlands
4437:Treaties of North Macedonia
3562:. Reuters. 17 October 2019.
3439:10.1007/978-90-6704-855-2_5
3264:
2890: State signatories (3)
43:Protocol 1 (disambiguation)
10:
4963:
4942:Treaties extended to Macau
4852:Treaties extended to Aruba
4182:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
3952:Treaties concluded in 1977
2884: State parties (174)
40:
29:
4422:Treaties of Liechtenstein
4302:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
3916:
3890:
3859:
2949:
2857:
2852:
2813:
2803:
177:
116:
105:7 December 1978
101:
93:
78:
70:
60:
55:
4767:Treaties of Turkmenistan
4687:Treaties of South Africa
4667:Treaties of Sierra Leone
4647:Treaties of Saudi Arabia
4452:Treaties of the Maldives
4317:Treaties of the Holy See
4077:Treaties of Burkina Faso
3882:Fourth Geneva Convention
3872:Second Geneva Convention
3493:publication.pravo.gov.ru
3323:
634:Central African Republic
34:. For other topics, see
4727:Treaties of Switzerland
4692:Treaties of South Sudan
4622:Treaties of Saint Lucia
4532:Treaties of New Zealand
4377:Treaties of South Korea
4372:Treaties of North Korea
4222:Treaties of El Salvador
4157:Treaties of Ivory Coast
4132:Treaties of the Comoros
4007:Treaties of the Bahamas
3962:Treaties of Afghanistan
3877:Third Geneva Convention
3867:First Geneva Convention
3770:Full text of Protocol I
3286:First Geneva Convention
4822:Treaties of Yugoslavia
4797:Treaties of Uzbekistan
4737:Treaties of Tajikistan
4662:Treaties of Seychelles
4637:Treaties of San Marino
4502:Treaties of Montenegro
4467:Treaties of Mauritania
4442:Treaties of Madagascar
4432:Treaties of Luxembourg
4387:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
4362:Treaties of Kazakhstan
4262:Treaties of the Gambia
4207:Treaties of East Timor
4152:Treaties of Costa Rica
4102:Treaties of Cape Verde
4017:Treaties of Bangladesh
3391:ihl-databases.icrc.org
3366:ihl-databases.icrc.org
3271:Command responsibility
3213:
3138:the competence of the
3047:Indiscriminate attacks
2974:
2892:
469:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4807:Treaties of Venezuela
4537:Treaties of Nicaragua
4472:Treaties of Mauritius
4427:Treaties of Lithuania
4292:Treaties of Guatemala
3997:Treaties of Australia
3987:Treaties of Argentina
3947:Arms control treaties
3238:Reagan administration
3208:
3005:Article 40 prohibits
2994:Article 37 prohibits
2977:Summary of provisions
2969:
2878:
2808:Swiss Federal Council
2254:São Tomé and Príncipe
2179:Saint Kitts and Nevis
82:8 June 1977
4832:Treaties of Zimbabwe
4742:Treaties of Tanzania
4717:Treaties of Eswatini
4712:Treaties of Suriname
4677:Treaties of Slovenia
4672:Treaties of Slovakia
4597:Treaties of Portugal
4577:Treaties of Paraguay
4497:Treaties of Mongolia
4322:Treaties of Honduras
4197:Treaties of Dominica
4192:Treaties of Djibouti
4127:Treaties of Colombia
4092:Treaties of Cameroon
4087:Treaties of Cambodia
4057:Treaties of Botswana
4022:Treaties of Barbados
3815:7 March 2016 at the
3712:Gasser, Hans-Peter.
2991:self-determination".
2644:United Arab Emirates
41:For other uses, see
4812:Treaties of Vietnam
4802:Treaties of Vanuatu
4792:Treaties of Uruguay
4762:Treaties of Tunisia
4652:Treaties of Senegal
4607:Treaties of Romania
4547:Treaties of Nigeria
4517:Treaties of Namibia
4507:Treaties of Morocco
4487:Treaties of Moldova
4412:Treaties of Liberia
4407:Treaties of Lesotho
4402:Treaties of Lebanon
4347:Treaties of Jamaica
4337:Treaties of Ireland
4332:Treaties of Iceland
4287:Treaties of Grenada
4272:Treaties of Germany
4247:Treaties of Finland
4232:Treaties of Estonia
4212:Treaties of Ecuador
4187:Treaties of Denmark
4162:Treaties of Croatia
4082:Treaties of Burundi
4047:Treaties of Bolivia
4032:Treaties of Belgium
4012:Treaties of Bahrain
4002:Treaties of Austria
3992:Treaties of Armenia
3972:Treaties of Algeria
3967:Treaties of Albania
3211:self-determination.
3206:Article 1(4) says:
3090:Article 77 forbids
3012:Article 42 outlaws
2922:Ratification status
2908:colonial domination
2569:Trinidad and Tobago
259:Antigua and Barbuda
52:
4827:Treaties of Zambia
4772:Treaties of Uganda
4722:Treaties of Sweden
4612:Treaties of Rwanda
4592:Treaties of Poland
4572:Treaties of Panama
4552:Treaties of Norway
4492:Treaties of Monaco
4477:Treaties of Mexico
4447:Treaties of Malawi
4397:Treaties of Latvia
4382:Treaties of Kuwait
4357:Treaties of Jordan
4307:Treaties of Guyana
4297:Treaties of Guinea
4282:Treaties of Greece
4252:Treaties of France
4172:Treaties of Cyprus
4097:Treaties of Canada
4067:Treaties of Brunei
4062:Treaties of Brazil
4037:Treaties of Belize
3942:Geneva Conventions
3853:Geneva Conventions
3560:The Globe and Mail
3541:. 17 October 2019.
3523:. 17 October 2019.
3276:Geneva Conventions
3259:wars of liberation
3174:You can assist by
3117:protective emblems
2984:Geneva Conventions
2904:Geneva Conventions
2893:
919:Dominican Republic
50:
4817:Treaties of Yemen
4752:Treaties of Tonga
4732:Treaties of Syria
4702:Treaties of Spain
4632:Treaties of Samoa
4602:Treaties of Qatar
4562:Treaties of Palau
4542:Treaties of Niger
4522:Treaties of Nauru
4462:Treaties of Malta
4367:Treaties of Kenya
4352:Treaties of Japan
4342:Treaties of Italy
4312:Treaties of Haiti
4277:Treaties of Ghana
4257:Treaties of Gabon
4217:Treaties of Egypt
4137:Treaties of Zaire
4117:Treaties of Chile
3929:
3928:
3448:978-90-6704-854-5
3204:
3203:
3196:
3070:places of worship
3034:Article 47(1) "A
2873:
2872:
979:Equatorial Guinea
18:Geneva Protocol I
16:(Redirected from
4954:
4747:Treaties of Togo
4582:Treaties of Peru
4557:Treaties of Oman
4457:Treaties of Mali
4392:Treaties of Laos
4242:Treaties of Fiji
4167:Treaties of Cuba
4112:Treaties of Chad
3846:
3839:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3764:
3759:
3758:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3727:
3726:
3725:: 208, 210, 211.
3718:
3709:
3703:
3691:
3685:
3681:Akron Law Review
3673:
3667:
3666:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3606:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3552:
3543:
3542:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3521:The Moscow Times
3513:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3358:
3341:
3334:
3297:Targeted killing
3199:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3179:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3103:guerrilla forces
2962:and submitted a
2912:alien occupation
2889:
2883:
2862:
2861:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1004:
996:
992:
990:
989:
981:
977:
975:
974:
966:
962:
960:
959:
951:
947:
945:
944:
936:
932:
930:
929:
921:
917:
915:
914:
906:
902:
900:
899:
891:
887:
885:
884:
876:
872:
870:
869:
861:
857:
855:
854:
846:
842:
840:
839:
831:
827:
825:
824:
816:
812:
810:
809:
801:
797:
795:
794:
786:
782:
780:
779:
771:
767:
765:
764:
756:
752:
750:
749:
741:
737:
735:
734:
726:
722:
720:
719:
711:
707:
705:
704:
696:
692:
690:
689:
681:
677:
675:
674:
666:
662:
660:
659:
651:
647:
645:
644:
636:
632:
630:
629:
621:
617:
615:
614:
606:
602:
600:
599:
591:
587:
585:
584:
576:
572:
570:
569:
561:
557:
555:
554:
546:
542:
540:
539:
531:
527:
525:
524:
516:
512:
510:
509:
501:
497:
495:
494:
486:
482:
480:
479:
471:
467:
465:
464:
456:
452:
450:
449:
441:
437:
435:
434:
426:
422:
420:
419:
411:
407:
405:
404:
396:
392:
390:
389:
381:
377:
375:
374:
366:
362:
360:
359:
351:
347:
345:
344:
336:
332:
330:
329:
321:
317:
315:
314:
306:
302:
300:
299:
291:
287:
285:
284:
276:
272:
270:
269:
261:
257:
255:
254:
246:
242:
240:
239:
231:
227:
225:
224:
216:
212:
210:
209:
201:
197:
195:
194:
170:
166:
164:
163:
155:
151:
149:
148:
140:
136:
134:
133:
112:
110:
89:
87:
53:
49:
21:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4951:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3921:List of parties
3912:
3886:
3855:
3850:
3817:Wayback Machine
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3716:
3710:
3706:
3692:
3688:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3515:
3514:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3423:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3267:
3200:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3173:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3040:prisoner of war
3022:Airborne troops
2979:
2960:executive order
2952:
2924:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2859:
2799:
2787:
2785:
2772:
2770:
2757:
2755:
2742:
2740:
2727:
2725:
2712:
2710:
2697:
2695:
2682:
2680:
2667:
2665:
2652:
2650:
2637:
2635:
2622:
2620:
2607:
2605:
2592:
2590:
2577:
2575:
2562:
2560:
2547:
2545:
2532:
2530:
2517:
2515:
2502:
2500:
2487:
2485:
2472:
2470:
2457:
2455:
2442:
2440:
2427:
2425:
2412:
2410:
2397:
2395:
2382:
2380:
2374:Solomon Islands
2367:
2365:
2352:
2350:
2337:
2335:
2322:
2320:
2307:
2305:
2292:
2290:
2277:
2275:
2262:
2260:
2247:
2245:
2232:
2230:
2217:
2215:
2202:
2200:
2187:
2185:
2172:
2170:
2157:
2155:
2142:
2140:
2127:
2125:
2112:
2110:
2097:
2095:
2082:
2080:
2067:
2065:
2052:
2050:
2037:
2035:
2022:
2020:
2007:
2005:
1992:
1990:
1977:
1975:
1962:
1960:
1947:
1945:
1932:
1930:
1924:North Macedonia
1917:
1915:
1902:
1900:
1887:
1885:
1872:
1870:
1857:
1855:
1842:
1840:
1827:
1825:
1812:
1810:
1797:
1795:
1782:
1780:
1767:
1765:
1752:
1750:
1737:
1735:
1722:
1720:
1707:
1705:
1692:
1690:
1677:
1675:
1662:
1660:
1647:
1645:
1632:
1630:
1617:
1615:
1602:
1600:
1587:
1585:
1572:
1570:
1557:
1555:
1542:
1540:
1527:
1525:
1512:
1510:
1497:
1495:
1482:
1480:
1467:
1465:
1452:
1450:
1437:
1435:
1422:
1420:
1407:
1405:
1392:
1390:
1377:
1375:
1362:
1360:
1347:
1345:
1332:
1330:
1317:
1315:
1302:
1300:
1287:
1285:
1272:
1270:
1257:
1255:
1242:
1240:
1227:
1225:
1212:
1210:
1197:
1195:
1182:
1180:
1167:
1165:
1152:
1150:
1137:
1135:
1122:
1120:
1107:
1105:
1092:
1090:
1077:
1075:
1062:
1060:
1047:
1045:
1032:
1030:
1017:
1015:
1002:
1000:
987:
985:
972:
970:
957:
955:
942:
940:
927:
925:
912:
910:
897:
895:
882:
880:
867:
865:
852:
850:
837:
835:
822:
820:
807:
805:
792:
790:
777:
775:
762:
760:
747:
745:
732:
730:
717:
715:
702:
700:
687:
685:
672:
670:
657:
655:
642:
640:
627:
625:
612:
610:
597:
595:
582:
580:
567:
565:
552:
550:
537:
535:
522:
520:
507:
505:
492:
490:
477:
475:
462:
460:
447:
445:
432:
430:
417:
415:
402:
400:
387:
385:
372:
370:
357:
355:
342:
340:
327:
325:
312:
310:
297:
295:
282:
280:
267:
265:
252:
250:
237:
235:
222:
220:
207:
205:
192:
190:
186:
185:
173:
161:
159:
146:
144:
131:
129:
125:
124:
108:
106:
85:
83:
46:
39:
32:Geneva Protocol
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4960:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3807:
3793:
3783:
3777:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3762:Society portal
3751:
3735:
3734:External links
3732:
3729:
3728:
3704:
3686:
3668:
3661:
3643:
3618:
3596:
3582:
3565:
3544:
3526:
3505:
3480:
3466:
3454:
3447:
3417:
3403:
3378:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3305:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3266:
3263:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3202:
3201:
3163:
3161:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3135:
3124:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3088:
3073:
3058:
3043:
3032:
3025:
3010:
3003:
2992:
2978:
2975:
2972:significantly.
2956:Vladimir Putin
2951:
2948:
2923:
2920:
2916:racist regimes
2886:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2782:
2767:
2752:
2737:
2722:
2707:
2692:
2677:
2662:
2659:United Kingdom
2647:
2632:
2617:
2602:
2587:
2572:
2557:
2542:
2527:
2512:
2497:
2482:
2467:
2452:
2437:
2422:
2407:
2392:
2377:
2362:
2347:
2332:
2317:
2302:
2287:
2272:
2257:
2242:
2227:
2212:
2197:
2182:
2167:
2152:
2137:
2122:
2107:
2092:
2077:
2062:
2047:
2032:
2017:
2002:
1987:
1972:
1957:
1942:
1927:
1912:
1897:
1882:
1867:
1852:
1837:
1822:
1807:
1792:
1777:
1762:
1747:
1732:
1717:
1702:
1687:
1672:
1657:
1642:
1627:
1612:
1597:
1582:
1567:
1552:
1537:
1522:
1507:
1492:
1477:
1462:
1447:
1432:
1417:
1402:
1387:
1372:
1357:
1342:
1327:
1312:
1297:
1282:
1267:
1252:
1237:
1222:
1207:
1192:
1177:
1162:
1147:
1132:
1117:
1102:
1087:
1072:
1057:
1042:
1027:
1012:
997:
982:
967:
952:
937:
922:
907:
892:
877:
862:
847:
832:
829:Czech Republic
817:
802:
787:
772:
757:
742:
727:
712:
697:
682:
667:
652:
637:
622:
607:
592:
577:
562:
547:
532:
517:
502:
487:
472:
457:
442:
427:
412:
397:
382:
367:
352:
337:
322:
307:
292:
277:
262:
247:
232:
217:
202:
183:
182:
181:
179:
175:
174:
172:
171:
156:
141:
122:
121:
120:
118:
114:
113:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4959:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3835:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:90-247-2537-2
3802:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3752:
3749:
3743:
3738:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3693:According to
3690:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3664:
3662:9780190655020
3658:
3654:
3647:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3592:
3586:
3575:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3476:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3413:
3407:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3339:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3198:
3195:
3187:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3164:This section
3162:
3153:
3152:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3002:from perfidy.
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2783:
2780:
2768:
2765:
2753:
2750:
2738:
2735:
2723:
2720:
2708:
2705:
2693:
2690:
2678:
2675:
2663:
2660:
2648:
2645:
2633:
2630:
2618:
2615:
2603:
2600:
2588:
2585:
2573:
2570:
2558:
2555:
2543:
2540:
2528:
2525:
2513:
2510:
2498:
2495:
2483:
2480:
2468:
2465:
2453:
2450:
2438:
2435:
2423:
2420:
2408:
2405:
2393:
2390:
2378:
2375:
2363:
2360:
2348:
2345:
2333:
2330:
2318:
2315:
2303:
2300:
2288:
2285:
2273:
2270:
2258:
2255:
2243:
2240:
2228:
2225:
2213:
2210:
2198:
2195:
2183:
2180:
2168:
2165:
2153:
2150:
2138:
2135:
2123:
2120:
2108:
2105:
2093:
2090:
2078:
2075:
2063:
2060:
2048:
2045:
2033:
2030:
2018:
2015:
2003:
2000:
1988:
1985:
1973:
1970:
1958:
1955:
1943:
1940:
1928:
1925:
1913:
1910:
1898:
1895:
1883:
1880:
1868:
1865:
1853:
1850:
1838:
1835:
1823:
1820:
1808:
1805:
1793:
1790:
1778:
1775:
1763:
1760:
1748:
1745:
1733:
1730:
1718:
1715:
1703:
1700:
1688:
1685:
1673:
1670:
1658:
1655:
1643:
1640:
1628:
1625:
1613:
1610:
1598:
1595:
1583:
1580:
1568:
1565:
1564:Liechtenstein
1553:
1550:
1538:
1535:
1523:
1520:
1508:
1505:
1493:
1490:
1478:
1475:
1463:
1460:
1448:
1445:
1433:
1430:
1418:
1415:
1403:
1400:
1388:
1385:
1373:
1370:
1358:
1355:
1343:
1340:
1328:
1325:
1313:
1310:
1298:
1295:
1283:
1280:
1268:
1265:
1253:
1250:
1238:
1235:
1223:
1220:
1219:Guinea-Bissau
1208:
1205:
1193:
1190:
1178:
1175:
1163:
1160:
1148:
1145:
1133:
1130:
1118:
1115:
1103:
1100:
1088:
1085:
1073:
1070:
1058:
1055:
1043:
1040:
1028:
1025:
1013:
1010:
998:
995:
983:
980:
968:
965:
953:
950:
938:
935:
923:
920:
908:
905:
893:
890:
878:
875:
863:
860:
848:
845:
833:
830:
818:
815:
803:
800:
788:
785:
773:
770:
758:
755:
743:
740:
728:
725:
713:
710:
698:
695:
683:
680:
668:
665:
653:
650:
638:
635:
623:
620:
608:
605:
593:
590:
578:
575:
563:
560:
548:
545:
533:
530:
518:
515:
503:
500:
488:
485:
473:
470:
458:
455:
443:
440:
428:
425:
413:
410:
398:
395:
383:
380:
368:
365:
353:
350:
338:
335:
323:
320:
308:
305:
293:
290:
278:
275:
263:
260:
248:
245:
233:
230:
218:
215:
203:
200:
188:
187:
180:
176:
169:
168:United States
157:
154:
142:
139:
127:
126:
119:
115:
104:
100:
96:
92:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
54:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
3908:Protocol III
3897:
3720:
3707:
3698:
3689:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3652:
3646:
3634:. Retrieved
3621:
3585:
3568:
3559:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3496:. Retrieved
3492:
3483:
3469:
3457:
3430:
3420:
3406:
3394:. Retrieved
3390:
3381:
3369:. Retrieved
3365:
3356:
3332:
3308:Protocol III
3292:Jus in bello
3250:
3244:
3242:
3231:
3228:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3190:
3181:
3168:copy editing
3166:may require
3165:
3147:Article 1(4)
3092:conscription
3000:ruses of war
2980:
2970:
2953:
2925:
2895:
2894:
2599:Turkmenistan
2476:
2389:South Africa
2329:Sierra Leone
2269:Saudi Arabia
739:Cook Islands
544:Burkina Faso
47:
3903:Protocol II
3860:Conventions
3797:K.J.Partsch
3312:Red Crystal
3302:Protocol II
3255:laws of war
3251:strengthens
3184:August 2024
3085:journalists
2479:Switzerland
2404:South Sudan
2194:Saint Lucia
2104:South Korea
2044:Philippines
1864:New Zealand
1849:Netherlands
964:El Salvador
844:North Korea
769:Ivory Coast
199:Afghanistan
117:Signatories
3936:Categories
3898:Protocol I
3748:Law portal
3348:References
3338:Article 90
3176:editing it
3140:Commission
3029:combatants
3007:no quarter
2964:State Duma
2958:signed an
2932:174 states
2896:Protocol I
2868:Wikisource
2804:Depositary
2704:Uzbekistan
2524:East Timor
2509:Tajikistan
2314:Seychelles
2239:San Marino
1804:Mozambique
1774:Montenegro
1729:Micronesia
1684:Mauritania
1609:Madagascar
1594:Luxembourg
1459:Kyrgyzstan
1414:Kazakhstan
754:Costa Rica
574:Cape Verde
364:Bangladesh
184:174 states
109:1978-12-07
86:1977-06-08
3891:Protocols
3539:Bloomberg
3064:, dikes,
3055:war crime
3051:total war
3036:mercenary
3018:surrender
2853:Full text
2814:Languages
2734:Venezuela
1984:Palestine
1879:Nicaragua
1699:Mauritius
1579:Lithuania
1189:Guatemala
304:Australia
274:Argentina
102:Effective
3813:Archived
3498:10 March
3396:13 April
3371:13 April
3265:See also
3081:children
2928:ratified
2900:protocol
2794:Zimbabwe
2674:Tanzania
2449:Suriname
2359:Slovenia
2344:Slovakia
2074:Portugal
2014:Paraguay
1759:Mongolia
1639:Maldives
1279:Honduras
1264:Holy See
1024:Ethiopia
1009:Eswatini
904:Dominica
889:Djibouti
859:DR Congo
694:Colombia
604:Cameroon
589:Cambodia
529:Bulgaria
484:Botswana
379:Barbados
153:Pakistan
123:3 states
94:Location
65:Protocol
3636:22 July
3121:perfidy
2996:perfidy
2902:to the
2845:Russian
2835:Spanish
2830:Chinese
2820:English
2749:Vietnam
2719:Vanuatu
2689:Uruguay
2629:Ukraine
2584:Tunisia
2284:Senegal
2134:Romania
2119:Moldova
1909:Nigeria
1819:Namibia
1789:Morocco
1534:Liberia
1519:Lesotho
1504:Lebanon
1369:Jamaica
1339:Ireland
1309:Iceland
1294:Hungary
1174:Grenada
1129:Germany
1114:Georgia
1054:Finland
994:Estonia
934:Ecuador
874:Denmark
784:Croatia
709:Comoros
559:Burundi
454:Bolivia
409:Belgium
394:Belarus
349:Bahrain
334:Bahamas
319:Austria
289:Armenia
229:Algeria
214:Albania
178:Parties
107: (
84: (
71:Drafted
3803:
3659:
3445:
3314:emblem
3068:, and
2950:Russia
2944:Turkey
2942:, and
2936:Israel
2888:
2882:
2840:French
2825:Arabic
2791:
2779:Zambia
2776:
2761:
2746:
2731:
2716:
2701:
2686:
2671:
2656:
2641:
2626:
2614:Uganda
2611:
2596:
2581:
2566:
2551:
2536:
2521:
2506:
2491:
2464:Sweden
2461:
2446:
2431:
2416:
2401:
2386:
2371:
2356:
2341:
2326:
2311:
2299:Serbia
2296:
2281:
2266:
2251:
2236:
2221:
2206:
2191:
2176:
2164:Rwanda
2161:
2149:Russia
2146:
2131:
2116:
2101:
2086:
2071:
2059:Poland
2056:
2041:
2026:
2011:
1999:Panama
1996:
1981:
1966:
1951:
1939:Norway
1936:
1921:
1906:
1891:
1876:
1861:
1846:
1831:
1816:
1801:
1786:
1771:
1756:
1744:Monaco
1741:
1726:
1714:Mexico
1711:
1696:
1681:
1666:
1651:
1636:
1624:Malawi
1621:
1606:
1591:
1576:
1561:
1546:
1531:
1516:
1501:
1489:Latvia
1486:
1471:
1456:
1444:Kuwait
1441:
1426:
1411:
1399:Jordan
1396:
1381:
1366:
1351:
1336:
1321:
1306:
1291:
1276:
1261:
1246:
1234:Guyana
1231:
1216:
1204:Guinea
1201:
1186:
1171:
1159:Greece
1156:
1141:
1126:
1111:
1099:Gambia
1096:
1081:
1069:France
1066:
1051:
1036:
1021:
1006:
991:
976:
961:
946:
931:
916:
901:
886:
871:
856:
841:
826:
814:Cyprus
811:
796:
781:
766:
751:
736:
721:
706:
691:
676:
661:
646:
631:
619:Canada
616:
601:
586:
571:
556:
541:
526:
514:Brunei
511:
499:Brazil
496:
481:
466:
451:
436:
424:Belize
421:
406:
391:
376:
361:
346:
331:
316:
301:
286:
271:
256:
244:Angola
241:
226:
211:
196:
165:
150:
135:
97:Geneva
79:Signed
3717:(PDF)
3613:(PDF)
3577:(PDF)
3324:Notes
3077:women
2940:India
2764:Yemen
2554:Tonga
2494:Syria
2434:Sudan
2419:Spain
2224:Samoa
2089:Qatar
1969:Palau
1894:Niger
1834:Nauru
1669:Malta
1549:Libya
1429:Kenya
1384:Japan
1354:Italy
1249:Haiti
1144:Ghana
1084:Gabon
949:Egypt
724:Congo
679:China
664:Chile
439:Benin
3801:ISBN
3790:ICRC
3788:(by
3657:ISBN
3638:2013
3500:2022
3443:ISBN
3398:2022
3373:2022
3128:ICRC
3062:dams
2539:Togo
2029:Peru
1954:Oman
1654:Mali
1474:Laos
1324:Iraq
1039:Fiji
799:Cuba
649:Chad
138:Iran
61:Type
3435:doi
3094:of
2930:by
2914:or
2866:at
3938::
3719:.
3629:.
3599:^
3558:.
3547:^
3537:.
3519:.
3508:^
3441:.
3429:.
3389:.
3364:.
3123:).
3112:".
3079:,
3042:."
2938:,
2910:,
3845:e
3838:t
3831:v
3792:)
3665:.
3640:.
3502:.
3451:.
3437::
3400:.
3375:.
3197:)
3191:(
3186:)
3182:(
3178:.
3172:.
3134:.
3087:.
3057:.
111:)
88:)
45:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.