Gallipoli campaign

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3:00 a.m., the moon was covered and the ships were no longer visible to the Ottomans. The Ottomans were not sure if this was a real landing or a diversion. Once the intense artillery was heard, at around 6:00 a.m. the two remaining battalions of the 27th Infantry Regiment were ordered to make their way to Ariburnu urgently. Sanders had left his HQ and was at Bulair, distracted by the few Entente ships that had appeared; he had been confident that this was where the landings would take place. For two days, he remained at Bulair with the 5th Division waiting for the real landing. His absence created problems in chain of command and delays in decision making which negated his defence scheme that relied on rapid movement of troops.

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which was more open. The landing site was garrisoned by only two Ottoman companies but from positions on commanding ground, the Ottomans inflicted numerous casualties on the Australians before being overcome. The broken terrain prevented a coordinated drive inland, with the Australians on unfamiliar ground and with inaccurate maps. In the maze of steep ravines, spurs and dense scrub, Australian parties that got forward quickly lost contact and were broken up into small groups. Some Australian troops reached the second ridge but fewer still reached their objectives and, having become dispersed, the covering force could provide little support to the follow-up force.

958: 753: 688: 676: 664: 652: 640: 628: 616: 604: 592: 568: 556: 544: 532: 508: 348: 3925:. The final report of the Commission was issued in 1919, concluding that with the forces available, success was dependent on the government giving priority to the expedition and leaving the British Expeditionary Force in France to make do. The Commissioners found that Hamilton had been over-optimistic from the beginning and had added to Stopford's difficulties on 8 August 1915. Hamilton emerged from the investigation more favourably than perhaps was justified, partly because he made devious attempts to gain collusion from witnesses and obtain leaks from the deliberations of the Commission, Hamilton never received another army appointment. 4586: 382: 3766:

unable to exploit the terrain to their advantage; the Ottoman commanders were able to use the high ground around the Entente landing beaches for positions that limited the ability of Entente forces to penetrate inland, confining them to narrow beaches. The campaign's necessity remains the subject of debate and the recriminations that followed were significant, highlighting the schism that had developed between military strategists who felt the Entente should focus on fighting on the Western Front and those who favoured trying to end the war by attacking Germany's "soft underbelly", its allies in the east.

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believed that the defenders were too widely dispersed to defeat the invasion on the beaches. Kemal thought Sander's classic strategy was suitable when there was strategic depth to the front but Gallipoli did not offer that. His commander Esat Passa was not forceful enough in making the objection. Sanders was certain that a rigid system of defence would fail and that the only hope of success lay in the mobility of the three groups, particularly the 19th Division near Boghali, in general reserve, ready to move to Bulair, Gaba Tepe or the Asiatic shore.

205: 2982: 3138: 710: 454: 442: 430: 418: 406: 4347: 3282: 2170:, were forced to detour to Alexandria to embark on the ships that would take them into battle. A five-week delay until the end of April ensued, during which the Ottomans strengthened their defences on the peninsula, although bad weather during March and April might have delayed the landings anyway, preventing supply and reinforcement. Following preparations in Egypt, Hamilton and his headquarters staff arrived at Mudros on 10 April. The ANZAC Corps departed Egypt in early April and assembled on the island of 3815: 882: 3798:, New Zealand and Australian Division), was recognised by promotion to divisional and corps command. The influence of Kitchener waned after the coalition government was formed in May 1915, partly because of the growing sense of failure in the Dardanelles and culminated in Kitchener being over-ruled on support for the French at Salonika in early December 1915, when his influence on the Cabinet was at its lowest. The campaign gave confidence to the Ottomans in their ability to defeat the Entente. In 4555:. During the 1980s, it became popular for Australian and New Zealand tourists to visit Gallipoli to attend the dawn service there and since then thousands have attended. Over 10,000 people attended the 75th anniversary along with political leaders from Turkey, New Zealand, Britain and Australia. Dawn services are also held in Australia; in New Zealand, dawn services are the most popular form of observance of this day. Anzac Day remains the most significant commemoration of military casualties and 3399: 187: 2686: 933: 3678:

Gully Spur on 7 January 1916 with infantry and artillery but the attack was a costly failure. Mines were laid with time fuzes and that night and on the night of 7/8 January, under the cover of a naval bombardment, the British troops began to fall back 5 mi (8.0 km) from their lines to the beaches, where makeshift piers were used to board boats. The last British troops departed from Lancashire Landing around 04:00 on 8 January 1916. The Newfoundland Regiment was part of the

3002: 1810: 2715:. On 28 April, the Entente fought the First Battle of Krithia to capture the village. Hunter-Weston made a plan which proved overly complex and was poorly communicated to the commanders in the field. The troops of the 29th Division were still exhausted and unnerved by the battles for the beaches and for Seddülbahir village, which was captured after much fighting on 26 April. The Ottoman defenders stopped the Entente advance halfway between the Helles headland and Krithia around 2049: 740: 237: 3667: 3783:

had also been significantly curtailed. The official German naval historian, Admiral Eberhard von Mantey, later concluded that had the sea-lanes of communication been completely severed, the Ottoman 5th Army would likely have faced catastrophe. As it was these operations were a source of anxiety, posing a constant threat to shipping and causing many losses, dislocating Ottoman attempts to reinforce their forces at Gallipoli and shelling troop concentrations and railways.

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support and it was left to the initiative of ships' captains. A reluctance to approach the shore later affected the landings at "V" and "W" beach where some of the worst losses among the infantry occurred, while naval gunfire was of some assistance at "S", "X" and ANZAC. Even then its effectiveness was limited by the initial confusion ashore, the broken terrain, thick vegetation and the lack of observation. Kitchener had ruled that air requirements must be met by the

2367: 221: 3659:'s self-firing rifle, which had been rigged to fire by water dripped into a pan attached to the trigger, were used to disguise the Entente departure. At Anzac Cove, troops maintained silence for an hour or more, until curious Ottoman troops ventured to inspect the trenches, whereupon the Anzacs opened fire. This incident successfully discouraged the Ottomans from inspecting when the actual evacuation occurred. A mine was detonated at the Nek, which killed 2759: 2210:. This force, which initially consisted of five divisions with another en route, was a conscript force, commanded by Sanders. Many of the senior officers in the 5th Army were also German. Ottoman commanders and senior German officers debated the best means of defending the peninsula. All agreed that the best defence was to hold the high ground on the ridges. There was disagreement as to where the Entente would land and where to concentrate forces. 1939: 3579: 4551:". The first iteration was celebrated unofficially in 1916, at churches in Melbourne, Brisbane and London, before being officially recognised as a public holiday in all Australian states in 1923. The day also became a national holiday in New Zealand in the 1920s. Organised marches by veterans began in 1925, in the same year a service was held on the beach at Gallipoli; two years later the first official dawn service took place at the 4805:. Having been recruited from men who worked on King George V's Sandringham estate they were dubbed the Sandringham Company. After being isolated and destroyed during 12 August attack it was rumoured that they had advanced into a mist and "simply disappeared". This gave rise to legends that they had been executed or that they had been taken by some supernatural force but some members were later found to have been taken prisoner. 12239: 4454: 3383:, had limited his early objectives and then failed to forcefully push his demands for an advance inland and little more than the beach was seized. The Ottomans were able to occupy the Anafarta Hills, preventing the British from penetrating inland, which contained the landings and reduced the Suvla front to static trench warfare. The offensive was preceded on the evening of 6 August by diversions, at Helles, where the 334: 2994:

bodies were mere skeletons, it seems so very different to see each side near each other's trenches burying their dead, each man taking part in the ceremonies is called a pioneer and wears 2 white bands on his arms, everybody is taking advantage of the armistice to do anything they want to do out of cover and a large number are down bathing and you would think today was Cup Day down at one of our seaside beaches.

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by debris from a magazine that exploded prematurely and a lighter and a picket boat were lost. Shortly after dawn, the Ottomans retook Helles. In the final days of the campaign, Ottoman air defences had been increased by a German–Ottoman fighter squadron, which began operations over the peninsula and inflicted the first British flying losses a couple of days after the evacuation of Helles, when three

70: 3862:, arguably this perception continued until Normandy in June 1944. Hart wrote that despite the pessimistic analyses after 1918, the situation after 1940 meant that landings from the sea were unavoidable and it was only after Normandy that the belief that opposed landings were futile was overcome. The memory of Gallipoli weighed upon the Australians during the planning of the 4680:, where the Royal Navy was repulsed in March 1915. For the Turks, 18 March has a similar significance as 25 April to Australians and New Zealanders; it is not a public holiday but is commemorated with special ceremonies. The campaign's main significance to the Turkish people lies in the role it played in the emergence of Mustafa Kemal, who became the first president of the 2580:, the Entente landed unopposed and advanced inland. There were only a small number of defenders in the village but, lacking orders to exploit the position, the "Y" Beach commander withdrew his force to the beach. It was as close as the Entente ever came to capturing the village as the Ottomans brought up a battalion of the 25th Regiment, checking any further movement. 4540:

Australians served at Gallipoli and from 16,000 to 17,000 New Zealanders. It has been argued that the campaign proved significant in the emergence of a unique Australian identity following the war, which has been closely linked to popular conceptualisations of the qualities of the soldiers that fought during the campaign, which became embodied in the notion of an "

2263:) had more time to prepare their defences. Sanders later noted, "the British allowed us four good weeks of respite for all this work before their great disembarkation ... This respite just sufficed for the most indispensable measures to be taken". Roads were constructed, small boats built to carry troops and equipment across the Narrows, beaches were 2235:(Kemal) and the 9th Division were placed along the Aegean coast and at Cape Helles on the tip of the peninsula. Sanders kept the bulk of the Ottoman forces inland in reserve, leaving a minimum of troops guarding the coast. The 3rd Division and a cavalry brigade arrived from Istanbul in early April, bringing the front line strength of the Ottomans to 3655:

December. Rain flooded trenches, drowned soldiers and washed unburied corpses into the lines; the following snow killed still more men from exposure. Suvla and Anzac were to be evacuated in late December, the last troops leaving before dawn on 20 December. Troop numbers had been slowly reduced since 7 December and ruses, such as

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themselves by repulsing several attacks on their hilltop position, the defenders eventually disengaging under cover of darkness. After the landings, so few men remained from the Dublin and Munster Fusiliers that they were amalgamated into The Dubsters. Only one Dubliner officer survived the landing while, of the

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the thousands of men and horses remained on board ship for up to a month. Birdwood signalled on 17 May that 17 transports would be returning to Alexandria to offload 5,251 horses accompanied by 3,217 men. GHQ MEF insisted that some of the men remain in Alexandria to look after the horses and guard ANZACs

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in late October) were subsumed into the Army of the Orient and later employed at Salonika. In Egypt, the British Imperial and Dominion troops from the Dardanelles along with fresh divisions from the United Kingdom and those at Salonika, became the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force (MEF), commanded by

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at Morto Bay, Cape Helles (near 'S' Beach), the Turkish Soldier's Memorial on Chunuk Bair and the memorial and open-air mosque for the 57th Regiment near Quinn's Post (Bomba Sirt). There are a number of memorials and cemeteries on the Asian shore of the Dardanelles, demonstrating the greater emphasis

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wrote of it as a "disaster for the Entente". The campaign caused "enormous damage to ... national resources" and at that stage of the war the Entente were in a better position to replace their losses than the Ottomans but the Entente attempt at securing a passage through the Dardanelles failed.

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never took place after the Australian 4th Infantry Brigade and an Indian brigade lost direction during the night. Attempts to resume the attack were easily repulsed by the Ottoman defenders, at great cost to the Entente. The New Zealanders held out on Chunuk Bair for two days before being relieved by

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At the end of April Birdwood told GHQ MEF (General Headquarters Mediterranean Expeditionary Force) that he could not land 6,000 horses at Anzac Cove as there was no water for them. GHQ MEF was unhappy that the ANZAC force would be immobilised on the beachhead, but they would have been no use. Some of

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the Gallipoli campaign unscathed. After the landings, little was done by the Entente to exploit the situation, apart from a few limited advances inland by small groups of men. The Entente attack lost momentum and the Ottomans had time to bring up reinforcements and rally the small number of defending

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coast, from where they could advance across the peninsula, cut off the Ottoman troops in Kilitbahir and stop reinforcements from reaching Cape Helles. This sector of the Gallipoli Peninsula became known as ANZAC; the area held by the British and French became known as the Helles sector or Helles. The

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and others prevailed. Entente attempts to force the straits using naval power were terminated, due to the losses and bad weather. Planning to capture the Ottoman defences by land, to open the way for the ships, began. Two Entente submarines tried to traverse the Dardanelles but were lost to mines and

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proposed a war council under his authority, with the Conservatives in the coalition threatening to resign unless the plan was implemented. After failure to reach agreement, Lloyd George and then Asquith resigned, followed by Lloyd George becoming prime minister. Lloyd George formed a new government,

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and lack of the materials to complete the military railway necessary for such an operation, marked the end of that ambition. The optimism gained from the victory at Gallipoli was replaced by a gathering sense of despair and the British remained on the offensive in the Middle East for the rest of the

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British and French submarine operations in the Sea of Marmara were the one significant area of success of the Gallipoli campaign, forcing the Ottomans to abandon the sea as a transport route. Between April and December 1915, nine British and four French submarines carried out 15 patrols, sinking one

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were left behind with smashed wheels. As at Anzac, large amounts of supplies (including 15 British and six French unserviceable artillery pieces which were destroyed), gun carriages and ammunition were left behind; hundreds of horses were slaughtered to deny them to the Ottomans. A sailor was killed

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was regularly permitted to hang his platoon's washing on the barbed wire undisturbed and that there was a "constant traffic" of gifts being thrown across no-man's land, dates and sweets from the Ottoman side and cans of beef and packs of cigarettes from the Entente side. Conditions at Gallipoli grew

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The armistice was declared from 8:30 a.m. this morning till 4:30 p.m. it is wonderful, things are unnaturally quiet and I felt like getting up and making a row myself, the rifle fire is quiet, no shell fire. The stench round the trenches where the dead had been lying for weeks was awful, some of the

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Near Fir Tree Spur, the New Zealanders managed to get forward and link up with the Australians, although the British were held up and the French were exhausted, despite having occupied a point overlooking their objective. The attack was suspended and the Entente dug in, having failed to take Krithia

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and Royal Marines from the Chatham Battalion took part in the attack. Covered by a naval and artillery barrage, the troops advanced a short distance during the night but got separated in the dark. The attackers came under massed small-arms fire from their exposed left flank and were repulsed, having

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The 1st and 2nd Brigades, then the New Zealand and Australian Division, landed on the beaches around Ari Burnu but became entangled, which took time to sort out. About four hours after the landings began, the bulk of the 1st Australian Division was ashore safely and its leading elements were pushing

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The significance of the Gallipoli campaign is felt strongly in both Australia and New Zealand, despite their being only a portion of the Entente forces; the campaign is regarded in both nations as a "baptism of fire" and had been linked to their emergence as independent states. Approximately 50,000

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left the Sea of Marmara on 2 January 1916, the last British submarine in the sea. Four E-class and five B-class submarines remained in the Mediterranean following the evacuation of Helles. By this time the Ottoman navy had been all but forced to cease operations in the area, while merchant shipping

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Helles was retained for a period but a decision to evacuate the garrison was made on 28 December. Unlike the evacuation from Anzac Cove, Ottoman forces were looking for signs of withdrawal. Having used the interval to bring up reinforcements and supplies, Sanders mounted an attack on the British at

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The attack continued on 7 May and four battalions of New Zealanders attacked up Krithia Spur on 8 May; with the 29th Division the attackers managed to reach a position just south of the village. Late in the afternoon, the Australian 2nd Brigade advanced quickly over open ground to the British front

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of artillery preparation, the assault began at mid-morning on 6 May. The British and French advanced along the Gully, Fir Tree, Krithia and Kereves spurs which were separated by deep gullies, fortified by the Ottomans. As the attackers advanced, they became separated when trying to outflank Ottoman

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would land last as the divisional reserve. The New Zealand and Australian Division was to come ashore and form up to advance across the peninsula. The force was to assemble at night and land at dawn to surprise the defenders and on the evening of 24 April, the covering force embarked on battleships

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tried to run the straits but hit a submarine net, ran aground and was shelled by a Ottoman fort, killing its commander, Lieutenant Commander Theodore S. Brodie and six of his crew; the survivors were forced to surrender. The Entente fleet and British and French troops assembled at Mudros, ready for

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of 1912 and 1913. Entente intelligence failed to adequately prepare for the campaign, in some cases relying on information gained from Egyptian travel guides. The troops for the assault were loaded on transports in the order they were to disembark, causing a long delay which meant that many troops,

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Appendix 5 of the French official history (AFGG 8,1) has a one page table that not only splits these into subcategory columns but also breaks out the casualties into nine time period rows. For comparative purposes, out of 205,000 British casualties, 115,000 were killed, missing and wounded, 90,000

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and the third one for the Ottoman soldiers (170 Egyptian and 56 Ottoman soldiers). Lemnos was the hospital base for the Entente forces and most of the buried were among the men who died of their wounds. Makeshift graves were created during the campaign, often with simple wooden crosses or markers;

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had been killed, about a quarter of those who had initially landed on the peninsula; other estimates were 2,701 (Pugsley) or 2,779 (Stowers). A 2019 study by the New Zealand historians John Crawford and Matthew Buck arrived at a higher estimate for the numbers of New Zealand soldiers who served at

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and ships' boats. The covering force landed approximately 1.2 mi (2 km) too far north, in a bay just south of Ari Burnu, due to undetected currents or a navigational error. The landing was more difficult, over ground which rose steeply from the beaches, unlike the objective to the south,

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Mustafa Kemal believed that the British would use their naval power to command the land from every side at the tip of the peninsula. At Gaba Tepe, the short distance to the eastern coast meant that the Entente could easily reach the Narrows, the right-angled bend in the middle of the Dardanelles.

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ten days before and were also damaged. The losses forced de Robeck to sound the "general recall" to protect what remained of his force. During the planning of the campaign, naval losses had been anticipated and mainly obsolete battleships, unfit to face the German fleet, had been sent. Some of the

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Graphic map of the Dardanelles and Gallipoli, showing the Entente bridgeheads at Cape Helles and ANZAC Cove before the Suvla Bay landing. The map highlights the narrowest part of the peninsula between Gaba Tepe (south of ANZAC) and Maidos and "The Narrows" of the Dardanelles between Kilid Bahr and

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on the Gallipoli peninsula began in April 1915. In January 1916, after eight months' fighting, with approximately 250,000 casualties on each side, the land campaign was abandoned and the invasion force was withdrawn. It was a costly campaign for the Entente powers and the Ottoman Empire as well as

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was set up to investigate the failure of the expedition, the first report being issued in 1917, with the final report published in 1919. Following the failure of the Dardanelles expedition, Sir Ian Hamilton, commander of the MEF, was recalled to London in October 1915, ending his military career.

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for the Dardanelles. On 23 August, after news of the failure at Scimitar Hill, Hamilton went onto the defensive, as the Bulgarian entry into the war, which would allow the Germans to rearm the Ottoman army, was imminent and left little opportunity for the resumption of offensive operations. On 20

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and the Nek. By evening, Bridges and Godley recommended re-embarkation; Birdwood agreed but, after receiving advice from the navy that re-embarkation was impossible, Hamilton ordered the troops to dig in instead. The Ottoman counter-attack was eventually repulsed and the Australians established a

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at the end of March. The aircraft were unopposed by the small Ottoman air force at first and during the planning, the force had been used to provide aerial reconnaissance, although this ultimately proved inadequate to meet the Entente' intelligence needs and make up for the lack of adequate maps.

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with an array of cruisers and destroyers, began the main attack against the narrowest point of the Dardanelles, where the straits are 1 mi (1.6 km) wide. Despite some damage to the Entente ships by Ottoman return fire, minesweepers were ordered along the straits. In the Ottoman official

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The Entente campaign was plagued by ill-defined goals, poor planning, insufficient artillery, inexperienced troops, inaccurate maps, poor intelligence, overconfidence, inadequate equipment, supply and tactical deficiencies. The Entente forces possessed inaccurate maps and intelligence and proved

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Due to the narrowness of no man's land and the winter weather, many casualties were anticipated during the embarkation. The untenable nature of the Entente position was made apparent by a rainstorm on 26 November 1915. The downpour at Suvla lasted for three days and there was a blizzard in early

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The New Zealand Infantry Brigade came within 500 m (550 yd) of the near peak of Chunuk Bair by dawn on 7 August but was not able to seize the summit until the following morning. On the morning of 7 August, the Australian 3rd Light Horse Brigade attacked on a narrow front at the Nek, to

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which Sanders concentrated in three groups. A maximum effort to improve land and sea communications was ordered, to move reinforcements swiftly to danger points; troops moving at night to avoid Entente air reconnaissance. Sanders' strategy was opposed by Ottoman commanders, including Kemal, who

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within 14 days. A sense of impending victory was heightened by the interception of a German wireless message that revealed the Ottoman Dardanelles forts were running out of ammunition. When the message was relayed to Carden, it was agreed the main attack would be launched on or around 17 March.

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The situation at Gallipoli was complicated by Bulgaria joining the Central Powers. In early October 1915, the British and French opened a second Mediterranean front at Salonika, by moving two divisions from Gallipoli and reducing the flow of reinforcements. A land route between Germany and the

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and other reporters. Stopford and other dissident officers also contributed to the air of gloom and the possibility of evacuation was raised on 11 October 1915. Hamilton resisted the suggestion, fearing the damage to British prestige but was sacked shortly afterwards and replaced by Lieutenant

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operating as infantry. Sporadic fighting continued, with sniping, grenade attacks and raids, the opposing trenches separated in places by only a few metres. The Australians lost a number of officers to sniping, including the commander of the 1st Division, Major General William Bridges, who was

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Arrangements for naval gunfire support to the landings had originally included bombarding the beaches and approaches but was changed to engagement of the ridges during the landings, with the beaches only to be shelled prior to the landings. No decision was ultimately made on the issue of close

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between early May and the first week of June. After the defeat of the counter-attack at Anzac in mid-May, the Ottoman forces ceased frontal assaults. Late in the month, the Ottomans began tunneling around Quinn's Post in the Anzac sector and early in the morning of 29 May, despite Australian

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and Lone Pine. Eight battalions of reinforcements were dispatched from Istanbul a day later and that afternoon, Ottoman troops counter-attacked at Helles and Anzac. The Ottomans briefly broke through in the French sector but the attacks were repulsed by massed Entente machine-gun fire, which

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were made among the Lancashires at "W" Beach. A further six Victoria Crosses were awarded among the infantry and sailors at the "V" Beach landing and three more were awarded the following day as they fought their way inland. Five squads of Ottoman infantry led by Sergeant Yahya distinguished

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on 4 June, with the 29th Division, Royal Naval Division, 42nd Division and two French divisions. The attack was repulsed and with it, the possibility of a decisive breakthrough ended; trench warfare resumed, with objectives being measured in hundreds of yards. Casualties were approximately

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At around 2:00 a.m., an Ottoman observer on a hill at Ariburnu saw a multitude of ships far on the horizon. Captain Faik, in charge of a company from the 27th Infantry Regiment verified it with his binoculars and immediately informed his commanding officer, Ismet Bey, at Kabatepe. By

3778:, 44 supply ships and 148 sailing vessels at a cost of eight Entente submarines sunk in the strait or in the Sea of Marmara. During the campaign there was always one British submarine in the Sea of Marmara, sometimes two; in October 1915, there were four Entente submarines in the region. 3313:, 5 mi (8.0 km) north of Anzac, followed by an advance on Sari Bair from the north-west. At Anzac, an offensive would be made against the Sari Bair range by advancing through rough and thinly defended terrain, north of the Anzac perimeter. This would be achieved by an attack on 4673:" which consisted of an account from a young Australian soldier who was maimed during the Gallipoli campaign. The song has been praised for its imagery, evoking the devastation at the Gallipoli landings. It remains widely popular and is considered by some to be an iconic anti-war song. 4326:, but the Ottoman Government replied that the vessels had been the victims of mines. No chemical weapons were used at Gallipoli, although the Entente debated their use throughout the campaign and transported to the theatre quantities of gas, which was used against Ottoman troops in the 11218: 4778:

The operation would be complicated by having only five divisions, the rugged terrain of the peninsula, the small number of landing beaches and great difficulty in providing supplies. Later on, the MEF was supported by about 2,000 civilian labourers from the Egyptian and Maltese Labour

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remounted and reorganised into the Anzac Mounted Division, infantry from the 52nd (Lowland) Division, 42nd (East Lancashire) Division, 53rd (Welsh) Division and 54th (East Anglian) Division, later joined by additional remounted Australian Light Horsemen and British yeomanry from the

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worse for everyone as summer heat and poor sanitation resulted in an explosion in the fly population. Eating became extremely difficult as unburied corpses became bloated and putrid. The precarious Entente lodgements were poorly situated, which caused supply and shelter problems. A

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at "W" Beach in open boats, on a shore overlooked by dunes and obstructed with barbed wire. On both beaches, the Ottoman defenders occupied good defensive positions and inflicted many casualties on the British infantry as they landed. Troops emerging one by one from sally ports on

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but it was forced to turn back; on 30 October, when returning through the straits, it ran aground beneath a fort and was captured intact. The crew of 25 were taken prisoner and documents detailing planned Entente operations were discovered, including a scheduled rendezvous with

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the six Entente brigades at Anzac. With the support of naval gunfire, the Entente held back the Ottomans throughout the night. The following day the British were joined by French troops transferred from Kum Kale on the Asiatic shore to the right of the line near 'S' Beach at

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Ottoman Empire through Bulgaria was opened and the Germans rearmed the Ottomans with heavy artillery capable of devastating Entente trenches, especially on the confined front at Anzac, modern aircraft and experienced crews. In late November, an Ottoman crew in a German

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The force was to land and advance inland to cut the lines of communication to the Ottoman forces in the south. The 1st Australian Division would land first, with the 3rd Infantry Brigade leading as a covering force moving inland to establish positions on Gun Ridge. The

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Turkish soldiers as a rule manifest their desire to surrender by holding their rifle butt upward and by waving clothes or rags of any colour. An actual white flag should be regarded with the utmost suspicion as a Turkish soldier is unlikely to possess anything of that

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warheads. Trenches and gun emplacements were dug along the beaches and troops went on route marches to avoid lethargy. Kemal, whose 19th Division was vital to the defensive scheme, observed the beaches and awaited signs of an invasion from his post at Boghali, near

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on the Asiatic coast to be the most likely invasion site, since the terrain was easier to cross and was convenient to attack the most important Ottoman batteries guarding the straits; a third of the 5th Army was assembled there. Two divisions were concentrated at

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through the Dardanelles was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. While the Ottomans remained neutral, supplies could be sent to Russia through the Dardanelles but prior to the Ottoman entry into the war, the straits had been closed; in November the Ottomans began to

9296:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. III (repr. Imperial War Museum Department of Printed Books and Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Longmans. 1742:. The Alexandretta landing was abandoned because militarily it would have required more resources than France could allocate and politically France did not want the British operating in their sphere of influence, a position to which Britain had agreed in 1912. 9268:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (repr. Imperial War Museum Department of Printed Books and Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Longmans. 3049:

was forced to leave the area but ignorant of this, the Entente withdrew most of their warships to Imbros, where they were "protectively tethered" between sorties, which greatly reduced Entente naval firepower, particularly in the Helles sector. The submarine

8901:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (facs. repr. Imperial War Museum Department of Printed Books and Battery Press ed.). London: Heinemann. 4410:

some graves were decorated more extensively. There is a French cemetery on the Gallipoli Peninsula, located at Seddülbahir. There are no large Ottoman/Turkish military cemeteries on the peninsula but there are numerous memorials, the main ones being the

3168:, which began on 28 June and achieved a local success, which advanced the British line along the left (Aegean) flank of the battlefield. Sanders credited the defence to two Ottoman officers, Faik Pasa and Albay Refet. On 30 June, the French commander, 3076:

was forced back but counter-attacked and recaptured the ground later in the day, before being relieved by New Zealand troops. Operations at Anzac in early June returned to consolidation, minor engagements and skirmishing with grenades and sniper-fire.

2867:

strong points and found themselves in unfamiliar terrain. Under artillery and then machine-gun fire from Ottoman outposts that had not been spotted by British aerial reconnaissance, the attack was stopped; next day, reinforcements resumed the advance.

2315:

towards Istanbul. Scheduled for 23 April but postponed until 25 April due to bad weather, landings were to be made at five beaches on the peninsula. The 29th Division was to land at Helles on the tip of the peninsula and then advance upon the forts at

4573: 3176:, was wounded and replaced by his divisional commander, Maurice Bailloud. Between 1 and 5 July, the Ottomans counter-attacked the new British line several times but failed to regain the lost ground. Ottoman casualties for the period were estimated at 4271:

in France and Flanders. The proportion of disease casualties to battle casualties was considerably higher in the Gallipoli campaign than it was on the campaigns of the Western Front. Aspinall-Oglander gave the number of Ottoman troops evacuated sick

2937:

and New Zealanders back into the sea. Short of artillery and ammunition, the Ottomans intended to rely on surprise and weight of numbers but on 18 May, the crews of a flight of British aircraft spotted the Ottoman preparations. The Ottomans suffered

2890:

A brief period of consolidation followed; the Entente had almost run out of ammunition, particularly for the artillery and both sides consolidated their defences. The Ottomans relieved troops opposite the Australian line, which was reinforced by the

9667: 6654: 3838:, the campaign "became a focal point for the study of amphibious warfare" in Britain and United States. In 2008, Glenn Wahlert wrote that Gallipoli involved "all four types of amphibious operations: the raid, demonstration, assault and withdrawal". 3501:

but a day earlier, the French had announced plans to Kitchener for an autumn offensive in France. A meeting of the Dardanelles Committee on 20 August determined that the French offensive would be supported by a maximum effort, which left only about

4625: 3879:

Political repercussions in Britain had begun during the battle; Fisher resigned in May after bitter conflict with Churchill. The crisis that followed after the Conservatives learned that Churchill would be staying, forced the Prime Minister

2646:

received orders from Kemal: "I do not order you to fight, I order you to die. In the time which passes until we die, other troops and commanders can come forward and take our places". Every man of the regiment was either killed or wounded.

1951:

account, by 2:00 p.m. "all telephone wires were cut, all communications with the forts were interrupted, some of the guns had been knocked out ... in consequence the artillery fire of the defence had slackened considerably". The

8695: 1707:, to sever the Ottoman capital from Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Alexandretta was an area with a Christian population and was the strategic centre of the Ottoman railway network, its capture would cut the empire in two. Vice Admiral Sir 3411:

coincide with the New Zealand attack from Chunuk Bair against the rear of the Ottoman defences. The opening artillery barrage lifted seven minutes too soon, which alerted the Ottomans and the attack was a costly failure. An attack on

2174:

in Greece on 12 April, where a small garrison had been established in early March and practice landings were undertaken. The British 29th Division departed for Mudros on 7 April and the Royal Naval Division rehearsed on the island of

2962:, whose efforts to evacuate wounded men on a donkey while under fire became famous amongst the Australians at Anzac; afterwards, his story became part of the Australian narrative of the campaign. Ottoman losses were so severe that a 3892:. The Asquith government responded to the disappointment and outrage over Gallipoli and Kut by establishing commissions of inquiry into both episodes, which had done much to "destroy its faltering reputation for competence". The 3646:

artillery units arrived, providing a substantial reinforcement of the Ottoman artillery. Monro recommended evacuation to Kitchener, who in early November visited the eastern Mediterranean. After consulting with the commanders of

2725:

As Ottoman reinforcements arrived, the possibility of a swift Entente victory on the peninsula disappeared and the fighting at Helles and Anzac became a battle of attrition. On 30 April, the Royal Naval Division (Major General

2329:

French made a diversionary landing at Kum Kale on the Asian shore before re-embarking to hold the eastern area of the Helles sector. The Royal Naval Division simulated landing preparations at Bulair and a New Zealand officer,

2060:

After the failure of the naval attacks, troops were assembled to eliminate the Ottoman mobile artillery, which was preventing the Entente minesweepers from clearing the way for the larger vessels. Kitchener appointed General

9590:. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (repr. Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO. 2813:

and a field battery to Gallipoli. While the quantity and value of the shipping sunk was minor, the effect on Ottoman communications and morale was significant; Boyle was awarded the Victoria Cross. Following the success of

10072:]. Les armées françaises dans la Grande guerre. Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Ministère De la Guerre, Etat-Major de l'Armée – Service Historique (in French). Vol. I. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. 4601: 3849:

wrote that analysis of the campaign before the Second World War led to "a belief among most of the armed forces of the world" that amphibious assaults could not succeed against modern defences and that despite landings in

2432:

inland. By mid-morning, Kemal had reorganised the defenders for a counter-attack on the commanding heights of Chunuk Bair and Sari Bair. The right flank of the small lodgement taken by the Australians was driven in at

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Along with memorials and monuments established in towns and cities, many streets, public places and buildings were named after aspects of the campaign, especially in Australia and New Zealand. Some examples include

1829:, proposed a naval attack on the Dardanelles, based in part on erroneous reports of Ottoman troop strength. Churchill wanted to use a large number of obsolete battleships, which could not operate against the German 3917:

from which Churchill, active again in the House of Commons from June 1916, was excluded because of Conservative opposition. In the summer of 1917, Churchill was eventually appointed to the cabinet-level post of

3870:

in New Guinea. The landing was hampered by navigational errors and troops came ashore on the wrong beaches but they had been trained according to the lessons of Gallipoli and quickly reorganised to push inland.

3305:. Both sides had been reinforced, the original five Entente divisions having been increased to fifteen and first six Ottoman divisions to sixteen. The Entente planned to land two fresh infantry divisions from 3597:

was caught in the Ottoman anti-submarine net as it began another tour. Despite such reverses, by mid-September, Entente nets and mines had closed the eastern entrance to the Dardanelles to German U-boats and

4665:, Newfoundland which is named the Gallipoli Armoury. Gallipoli also had a significant impact on popular culture, including film, television and song. In 1971, Scottish-born Australian folk singer-songwriter 1957:

struck a mine, causing her to capsize in two minutes, with just 75 survivors out of 718 men. Minesweepers, manned by civilians, retreated under Ottoman artillery fire, leaving the minefields largely intact.

2284:

and army co-operation sorties. From 11 April, an Ottoman aircraft made frequent flights over Mudros, keeping watch on the assembly of the British naval force and an airfield was established near Gallipoli.

11542: 3762:

The campaign diverted Ottoman forces away from other areas of conflict in the Middle East, but it also consumed resources the Entente could have employed on the Western Front and caused them many losses.

4446:(EEF) and reorganising the units for service in Europe, Egypt and elsewhere in the Middle East. While the ANZAC was disbanded, the AIF was expanded with three new Australian divisions being raised and a 4865:

camped at Camburnu near Kilid Bahr for three winter months and reconnoitred the Peninsula, identifying graves and inspecting Ottoman positions. The troopers returned to Egypt on 19 January 1919, less

2638:

The Ottoman defenders were too few to defeat the landing but inflicted many casualties and contained the attack close to the shore. By the morning of 25 April, out of ammunition and with nothing but

3542:

After the failure of the August Offensive, the Gallipoli campaign drifted. Ottoman success began to affect public opinion in Britain, with criticism of Hamilton's performance being smuggled out by

3455:

on 18 August. On 12 August, the 54th Division attacked Kavak Tepe and Tekke Tepe, crossing the Anafarta Plain. The attack failed and Hamilton briefly considered the evacuation of Suvla and Anzac.

8685: 4304:

Allegations were made that Entente forces had attacked or bombarded Ottoman hospitals and hospital ships on several occasions between the start of the campaign and September 1915. By July 1915,

4263:

exclusive of those evacuated. The sick were transported from Gallipoli to hospitals in Egypt and Malta as quickly as possible as bases in the area of operations were insufficient. Approximately

12136: 2396:

and destroyers, with the follow on forces in on transports. The troops would disembark from the transports into ships' boats and be towed close to the shore by steamboats and then row ashore.

2858:, it was the first general attack at Helles and was planned for daylight. French troops were to capture Kereves Dere and the British, Australians and New Zealanders were assigned Krithia and 11326: 3515:

in Greece, which was the beginning of the end of the Entente campaign at Gallipoli. Instead, a counter proposal from Sir Ian Hamilton was agreed to; only the 10th (Irish) Division and the

2805:), entered the Sea of Marmara on a three-week patrol, which became one of the most successful Entente naval actions of the campaign, in which four ships were sunk, including the transport 9528: 2487:

was manoeuvred free. Shortly after refloating, the periscope was sighted by a Ottoman battleship firing over the peninsula at Entente landing sites and the ship ceased fire and withdrew.

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killed or wounded. The failure to secure the high ground led to a tactical stalemate, with the landings contained by the defenders in a perimeter less than 1.2 mi (2 km) long.

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After the landings, Entente aircraft conducted photographic reconnaissance, observed naval gunfire, reported on Ottoman troop movements and conducted a small number of bombing raids.

2214:

Mustafa Kemal was familiar with the Gallipoli peninsula from his operations against Bulgaria in the Balkan Wars and forecast that Cape Helles (the southern tip of the peninsula) and

1821:, proposed in November to attack the Ottoman Empire but this was rejected and an attempt by the British to bribe the Ottomans to join the Entente side also failed. Later that month, 11589: 2124:

Over the following month, Hamilton prepared his plan and the British and French divisions joined the Australians in Egypt. Hamilton chose to concentrate on the southern part of the

3651:

at Helles, IX Corps at Suvla and Anzac, Kitchener agreed with Monro and passed his recommendation to the British Cabinet, who confirmed the decision to evacuate in early December.

2153:

The underestimation of Ottoman military potential stemmed from a "sense of superiority" among the Entente, because of the decline of the Ottoman Empire and its poor performance in

14186: 11376: 1155: 14905: 14201: 9609:. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II. Part 1. London: HMSO. 3934: 2882:

line. Amidst small arms and artillery-fire, the brigade charged towards Krithia and gained 600 m (660 yd), about 400 m (440 yd) short of the objective, with

2735:

inflicted many casualties on the attackers. The following night, Birdwood ordered the New Zealand and Australian Division to attack from Russell's Top and Quinn's Post towards

2523:

cruised for five days to give the impression of greater numbers and made several attacks against Ottoman ships, which failed because of mechanical problems with the torpedoes.

14385: 10425:

Thys-Şenocak, Lucienne; Aslan, Carolyn (2008). "Narratives of Destruction and Construction: The Complex Cultural Heritage of the Gallipoli Peninsula". In Rakoczy, Lila (ed.).

3663:

soldiers. The Entente force was embarked, with the Australians suffering no casualties on the final night but large quantities of supplies and stores fell into Ottoman hands.

12210: 2794:

s achievements showed that it was possible to force the Straits and soon Ottoman communications were badly disrupted by British and French submarine operations. On 27 April,

12432: 6985: 4676:

In Turkey, the battle is thought of as a significant event in the state's emergence, although it is primarily remembered for the fighting that took place around the port of

4383: 11618: 4370:

For many of those killed or died on hospital ships and were buried at sea, there is no known grave; their names are recorded on one of five "memorials to the missing". The

15050: 15045: 1454: 3555:. Autumn and winter brought relief from the heat but also led to gales, blizzards and flooding, resulting in men drowning and freezing to death, while thousands suffered 2519:

were relayed to the soldiers ashore to improve morale. Stoker was ordered to "generally run amok" and, with no enemies in sight, he sailed into the Sea of Marmara, where

1879:

flew a reconnaissance sortie over the Straits. Two days later, the first attack on the Dardanelles began when an Anglo-French flotilla, including the British dreadnought

14990: 3325:, in concert with an attack on Chunuk Bair summit by New Zealanders from the New Zealand Infantry Brigade, who would traverse Rhododendron Ridge, the Apex and the Farm. 4301:

French casualties during the campaign amounted to around 47,000. Of the French casualties, 27,169 were killed, wounded or missing with an implied 20,000 who fell sick.

3489:

arriving in early September. The 29th Division was also shifted from Helles to Suvla. The final British attempt to resuscitate the offensive came on 21 August, in the

12487: 2787:

immediately fired on the submarine, puncturing the pressure hull. Stoker ordered the company to abandon ship, scuttled the submarine and the crew was taken prisoner.

2311:

The Entente planned to land and secure the northern shore, capture the Ottoman forts and artillery batteries for a naval force to advance through the Narrows and the

15010: 14283: 11485: 8962: 3293:

The failure of the Entente to capture Krithia or make any progress on the Helles front led Hamilton to form a new plan to secure the Sari Bair Range of hills at the

1842: 3180:

On 12 July, two fresh brigades from the 52nd Division attacked at the centre of the line along Achi Baba Nullah (Bloody Valley), gained very little ground and lost

2187:

the landings but poor weather from 19 March grounded Entente aircraft for nine days and on 24 days only a partial programme of reconnaissance flights was possible.

15105: 13920: 13744: 13084: 12457: 1464: 11517: 15015: 14362: 12452: 11534: 11584: 11468: 15035: 14390: 12897: 12512: 3682:

and withdrew on 9 January 1916. Among the first to land, remnants of The Plymouth Battalion, Royal Marine Light Infantry were the last to leave the Peninsula.

1367: 3806:, forcing their surrender in April 1916. Ottoman forces in southern Palestine were poised to launch an attack against the Suez Canal and Egypt. Defeat at the 1590:. In Turkey, it is regarded as a defining moment in the history of the state, a final surge in the defence of the motherland as the Ottoman Empire retreated. 15030: 14578: 14305: 13997: 12955: 4458: 2846:

was dispatched from Egypt. Believing Anzac to be secure, Hamilton moved the Australian 2nd Infantry Brigade and the New Zealand Infantry Brigade, along with

1449: 4616: 2556:). The division landed on five beaches in an arc about the tip of the peninsula, named "S", "V", "W"', "X" and "Y" Beaches from east to west. On 1 May, the 14685: 9025:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. IIb. London: 4316:

and the British responded that if it happened then it was accidental. Russia, in turn, claimed that the Ottomans had attacked two of their hospital ships,

2901: 11351: 9023:

Order of Battle of Divisions: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th) with The Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions

15005: 14593: 14348: 11133: 4375: 1921:, to increase the fleet's efforts. Carden drew up fresh plans and on 4 March sent a cable to Churchill, stating that the fleet could expect to arrive in 11194: 8884:

Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (1st ed.). London: Heinemann.

4155:

In September 1915 Godley complained that too few of the recovered sick or wounded casualties from Gallipoli were being returned from Egypt, and General

14588: 14278: 14229: 14144: 4579:

The Çanakkale Martyrs' Memorial at Gallipoli Peninsula Historical Site, commemorating the loss of Ottoman and Anzac soldiers on the Gallipoli Peninsula

3534:

epidemic spread through the Entente trenches at Anzac and Helles, while the Ottomans also suffered heavily from disease which resulted in many deaths.

11743: 11256: 2511:

was not as successful and the Anzac commander, Lieutenant General Sir William Birdwood, contemplated the re-embarkation of his troops. The success of

15025: 14820: 14432: 1188: 1898:, was serviceable. A period of bad weather slowed the attack but by 25 February the outer forts had been reduced and the entrance cleared of mines. 15040: 15020: 4374:

commemorates Australians killed in the Anzac sector, as well as New Zealanders with no known grave or who were buried at sea, while the Lone Pine,

3511:

was deployed at Suvla Bay with the 29th Division. On 25 September, Kitchener proposed detaching two British and one French division for service in

3391:, led by the Australian 1st Infantry Brigade, captured the main Ottoman trench line and diverted Ottoman forces but the attacks at Chunuk Bair and 11318: 4585: 130: 14915: 14273: 13631: 4350:

Greek children standing by the bones of soldiers they have collected, who died during the 1915 Gallipoli campaign, on Hill 60, Anzac Cove in 1919

2730:) landed. The same day, Kemal, believing that the Entente were on the verge of defeat, began moving troops forward through Wire Gulley, near the 1006: 4386:

commemorates the New Zealanders killed in the Helles sector, while British, Indian and Australian troops who died there are commemorated on the

3897:

Churchill was demoted from First Lord of the Admiralty as a condition of Conservative entry to the coalition but remained in the Cabinet in the

15080: 15055: 11412: 11396: 1587: 13062: 12142: 11301: 1833:, in a Dardanelles operation, with a small occupation force provided by the army. It was hoped that an attack on the Ottomans would also draw 15085: 15070: 13124: 12283: 10358:

Pick, Walter Pinhas (1990). "Meissner Pasha and the Construction of Railways in Palestine and Neighbouring Countries". In Gilbar, Gad (ed.).

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and Seddülbahir, where an unopposed landing was expected. The Entente initially discounted the fighting ability of the Ottoman soldiers. The

2021:, felt that they had come close to victory, believing that the Ottoman guns had almost run out of ammunition but the views of de Robeck, the 1459: 11051: 14333: 14263: 13902: 13114: 13025: 1980:

was badly damaged and withdrawn. There was confusion during the battle about the cause of the damage; some participants blaming torpedoes.

1858: 1439: 1031: 2121:(Orient Expeditionary Corps), initially consisting of two brigades within one division, was subsequently placed under Hamilton's command. 14357: 13248: 12702: 12402: 4465: 4362:

forces. There are 31 CWGC cemeteries on the Gallipoli peninsula: six at Helles (plus the only solitary grave, that of Lieutenant Colonel

3497:. Control of the hills would have united the Anzac and Suvla fronts but the attacks failed. On 17 August, Hamilton had requested another 2483:

then evaded a destroyer. The submarine ran aground beneath a Ottoman fort but the Ottoman gunners could not bring their guns to bear and

1527: 709: 453: 441: 429: 417: 405: 192: 12001: 11444: 11368: 10409: 9352: 3560: 12925: 12324: 4688:(Çanakkale is impassable) became a common phrase to express the state's pride at repulsing the attack and the song "Çanakkale içinde" ( 3602:

was thwarted when it tried to pass the straits to Istanbul on 13 September. The first French submarine to enter the Sea of Marmara was

3364: 2561: 2231:

at the north end of the Gallipoli peninsula, to protect supply and communication lines to the defences further down the peninsula. The

2043: 1410: 38: 10826:

Doyle, Peter; Bennett, Matthew (1999). "Military Geography: The Influence of Terrain in the Outcome of the Gallipoli Campaign, 1915".

10081: 4814:

The enormous casualties at Gallipoli among Irish soldiers who had volunteered to fight in the British Army was a causal factor in the

3519:

were withdrawn from the peninsula. By the end of September these troops were concentrating at Mudros for conveyance to the new front.

15090: 13255: 2569: 3097:

In the Helles sector, which had been extensively entrenched by both sides, the Entente attacked Krithia and Achi Baba again, in the

2136:

of the Entente planners was illustrated by a leaflet that was issued to the British and Australians while they were still in Egypt,

1845:

of Russia appealed to Britain for assistance against the Ottomans, who were campaigning in the Caucasus. Planning began for a naval

12907: 6977: 2537: 1393: 768: 14583: 12060: 12034: 2445:

perimeter roughly from Walker's Ridge in the north to Shell Green in the south. ANZAC casualties on the first day numbered around

15000: 14515: 14353: 14340: 14297: 14206: 13932: 13734: 13641: 13543: 13301: 12948: 12086: 4443: 2643: 2243: 2232: 1444: 12114: 15095: 14707: 14697: 14565: 4632: 4231:

Gallipoli, over 16,000, perhaps 17,000 (rather than earlier revised figures of 13,000 to 14,000 and the 1919 figure of 8,556).

2650:

At "W" Beach, thereafter known as Lancashire Landing, the Lancashires were able to overwhelm the defenders despite the loss of

1902:

were landed to destroy guns at Kum Kale and Seddülbahir, while the naval bombardment shifted to batteries between Kum Kale and

2423:

At 4:00 a.m. on the morning of 25 April, the first wave of troops from the 3rd Brigade began moving towards the shore on

1554:

to bombardment by Entente battleships and cut it off from the Asian part of the empire. With the Ottoman Empire defeated, the

15075: 14813: 14479: 14413: 14250: 14129: 13802: 12821: 12677: 11976: 11957: 11919: 11891: 11872: 11853: 11807: 11788: 11753: 11732: 11713: 11678: 11659: 11628: 11178: 10777: 10758: 10739: 10698: 10667: 10631: 10612: 10593: 10567: 10548: 10529: 10510: 10491: 10472: 10453: 10434: 10367: 10348: 10329: 10310: 10291: 10272: 10253: 10222: 10203: 10164: 10145: 10109: 10052: 9996: 9971: 9946: 9927: 9908: 9885: 9863: 9841: 9822: 9803: 9784: 9759: 9734: 9715: 9696: 9677: 9653: 9631: 9595: 9576: 9538: 9514: 9491: 9437: 9414: 9377: 9327: 9301: 9273: 9240: 9199: 9180: 9158: 9139: 9120: 9098: 9076: 9057: 9034: 9005: 8974: 8925: 8906: 4327: 3905:. Churchill resigned in November 1915 and left London for the Western Front, where he commanded an infantry battalion of the 3859: 3234: 2086: 1834: 1704: 1643: 1291: 1274: 1181: 57: 9462: 9453:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Series 1 – Army. Vol. VII (1st ed.). Canberra, ACT: Australian War Memorial. 2596: 15100: 14654: 14074: 12859: 11013:

Sheffy, Yigal (2005). "The Chemical Dimension of the Gallipoli Campaign: Introducing Chemical Warfare to the Middle East".

4854: 4749: 4670: 3902: 3020: 2471:) penetrated the Straits on the night of 24/25 April. As landings began at Cape Helles and ANZAC Cove at dawn on 25 April, 1321: 31: 11493: 11159: 8996:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. II (11th ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 3085: 2828:

attempted the passage on 1 May but struck a mine and was lost with all hands. (Several weeks earlier another French boat,

2333:, swam ashore under fire to light flares to distract the defenders from the real landings; Freyberg was later awarded the 2117: 733: 14980: 14975: 14425: 13749: 13377: 12882: 10178:. History of the Great War. Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Committee of Imperial Defence. London: HMSO. 9962:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. IX (9th ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 9873: 4534: 4156: 3329:

would be attacked by Gurkhas of the 29th Indian Brigade and the Australians of the 4th Infantry Brigade. The Entente had

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Gallipoli marked the end for Hamilton and Stopford but Hunter-Weston went on to lead VIII Corps on the first day of the

1926:

Carden, suffering from stress, was placed on the sick list by the medical officer and command was taken over by Admiral

14624: 13914: 13316: 13074: 12303: 12029: 11938: 11777:

Het Epos van Gallipoli. Feiten, verhalen en mythen over de geallieerde aanval op Turkije tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog

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at Cape Helles. British naval casualties who were lost or buried at sea are listed on memorials in the United Kingdom.

4355: 3462: 1415: 11280: 9389: 2870: 1738:

were also present. Kitchener was working on the plan in March 1915, the beginning of the British attempt to incite an

14499: 14193: 14009: 13281: 12752: 12276: 11826: 11460: 10677: 9750:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. VII (10th ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 3603: 3025:, killing 570 men out of a crew of 750, including the ship's commander, Captain Thomas Shelford. A German submarine, 2070: 714: 14855: 12578: 4411: 1838: 1084: 14806: 13679: 12717: 3516: 2774: 2565: 1174: 14840: 10543:. The Australian Centenary History of Defence. Vol. III. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. 10065:

La campagne d'Orient (Dardanelles et Salonique). Tome VIII. Premier Volume. (février 1915-août 1916) [8,1]

4694:) commemorates the Turkish youth who fell during the battle. Turkish filmmaker Sinan Cetin created a movie called 4401:

There are three more CWGC cemeteries on the Greek island of Lemnos, the first one for the 352 Entente soldiers in

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The Story of ANZAC from the Outbreak of War to the End of the First Phase of the Gallipoli Campaign, May 4, 1915

4393: 2085:, undergoing training prior to being sent to France. The Australian and New Zealand troops were formed into the 14550: 14545: 14540: 14530: 14224: 12869: 12844: 12742: 12190: 11343: 4473: 3866:

in late 1943. In September, the Australians made their first opposed amphibious landing since Gallipoli at the

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Before the Dardanelles operation was conceived, the British had planned to conduct an amphibious invasion near

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The Struggle for the Dardanelles. Major Erich Prigge. The Memoirs of a German Staff Officer in Ottoman Service

10400:. Official History New Zealand's Effort in the Great War. Vol. III. Auckland, NZ: Whitcombe & Tombs. 9113:

Shadow of the Sultan's Realm: The Destruction of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East

2480: 14845: 14525: 14520: 14484: 14418: 14310: 14156: 13739: 13591: 13129: 13057: 12988: 12757: 12727: 12722: 12644: 12226: 8873: 4438:

to become the strategic reserve for the British Empire, consisting of 13 infantry and mounted divisions with

3494: 3276: 3157: 2025: 1150: 11344:"Eric Bogle: Australia's anti-war balladeer reflects on his Anzac anthem and his upcoming trip to Gallipoli" 3749:

Harvey Broadbent described the campaign as "a close-fought affair" that was a defeat for the Entente, while

1606: 14885: 14875: 14474: 14101: 14041: 13938: 13843: 13606: 13392: 13096: 12935: 12834: 12269: 11759: 11248: 4506: 4486: 3444: 2748: 1427: 1420: 1306: 11992:. Official History New Zealand's Effort in the Great War. Vol. I. Auckland, NZ: Whitcombe and Tombs. 10888:

Erickson, Edward (2001b). "Strength Against Weakness: Ottoman Military Effectiveness at Gallipoli, 1915".

1621:, the most significant commemoration of military casualties and veterans in the two countries, surpassing 14985: 14970: 14850: 14712: 14149: 14134: 13992: 13944: 13709: 13260: 13134: 13047: 13042: 12811: 12799: 12794: 12586: 11107: 4514: 4482: 3822:

The lessons of the campaign were studied by military planners prior to amphibious operations such as the

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Crack Hardy: From Gallipoli to Flanders to the Somme, the True Story of Three Australian Brothers at War

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that Turkish historians place on the victory of 18 March over the subsequent fighting on the peninsula.

3757:

wrote that the Ottoman forces "held the Entente back from their real objectives with relative ease" and

3379:

took place on the night of 6 August against light opposition; the British commander, Lieutenant General

74:

A collection of photographs from the campaign. From top and left to right: Ottoman commanders including

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Reluctant Partner: The Complete Story of the French Participation in the Dardanelles Expedition of 1915

11275:

Phenomenal and Wicked: Attrition and Reinforcements in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force at Gallipoli

9370:

Phenomenal and Wicked: Attrition and Reinforcements in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force at Gallipoli

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and three hospital ships were in the area. The French Government disputed these complaints through the

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A witness account from Private Victor Laidlaw of the Australian 2nd Field Ambulance described the day,

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The Epic of Gallipoli. Facts, Stories and Myths about the Entente Attack on Turkey during World War I

9851: 4850: 4815: 3714: 3306: 3220: 2706:

On the afternoon of 27 April, the 19th Division, reinforced by six battalions from the 5th Division,

2695: 2375: 2374:

Allocated the northern landing, Birdwood's force included the 1st Australian Division (Major General

2001: 1995: 1750: 13581: 11392: 10234:

The Story of the Twelfth: A Record of the 12th Battalion, A. I. F. during the Great War of 1914–1918

8030: 3432:

casualties. With the Ottoman recapture of the ground, the Entente' best chance of victory was lost.

1773:

closed the overland trade routes between Britain and France in the west and Russia in the east. The

14890: 14609: 14096: 14086: 14015: 13968: 13956: 13896: 13704: 13699: 13621: 13030: 13003: 12707: 12535: 12477: 12392: 11297: 10959:

Hart, Peter (2013a). "The Day It All Went Wrong: The Naval Assault Before the Gallipoli Landings".

9669:

A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East

9069:

Stoker's Submarine: Australia's Daring Raid on the Dardanellles on the Day of the Gallipoli Landing

8881: 4469: 4168: 3851: 3552: 2959: 2897: 2851: 2007: 1952: 1895: 1846: 1049: 257: 12150: 4608: 3912:

Asquith was partly blamed for Gallipoli and other disasters and was ousted in December 1916, when

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in 1982. The lessons of the campaign influenced US Marine Corps amphibious operations during the

3795: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3424:

but an Ottoman counterattack on 10 August, led by Mustafa Kemal, swept them from the heights. Of

3322: 3272: 3225:

on 27 July, which was caught in the net, forced to the surface and bombarded by shore batteries;

3161: 3098: 2780: 2690: 2642:

to meet the attackers on the slopes leading up from the beach to the heights of Chunuk Bair, the

2614:, which was run aground beneath the fortress so that the troops could disembark along ramps. The 2600: 2577: 2392: 2388: 2342: 2097: 1959: 1145: 1054: 1044: 932: 226: 13626: 9211:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015

3406:

in a trench at Lone Pine after the battle, looking at Australian and Ottoman dead on the parapet

2280:

with German assistance and had four aircraft operating around Çanakkale in February, conducting

2195: 608: 69: 14910: 14865: 14447: 14171: 14106: 13962: 13689: 13616: 13566: 13551: 13533: 13506: 13420: 13387: 13052: 13013: 12993: 12804: 12697: 12545: 12522: 12507: 4858: 3893: 3758: 3670: 3547: 3286: 3165: 2892: 2823: 2740: 2615: 2599:, a short distance to the west on the other side of the Helles headland. The covering force of 2532: 2504: 2298: 1910: 1733: 1723: 1614: 1228: 1059: 1038: 524: 8690: 4861:, were sent to Gallipoli to "monitor Turkish compliance with the terms of the Armistice". The 4276:

The largest cause of non-battle admissions to hospital for British troops was dysentery, with

14437: 14091: 13980: 13756: 13719: 13649: 13596: 13518: 13486: 13460: 13410: 13341: 13243: 13196: 12980: 12849: 12732: 12634: 12560: 12442: 12407: 12369: 11987: 11436: 10395: 9338: 9228: 4713: 4658: 4363: 4331: 3918: 3906: 3867: 3583: 3563:

in autumn 1915 prompted France and Britain to transfer troops from the Gallipoli campaign to

3508: 3440: 3436: 3360: 3302: 3264: 2802: 2699: 2508: 2403: 2294: 1966: 1754: 1677: 1531: 1301: 1140: 1070: 900: 745: 728: 718: 489: 477: 465: 278: 9588:

Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917

3005: 2256: 2145: 548: 14787: 14702: 13382: 13356: 13306: 12663: 12611: 12596: 10835: 10063: 10006: 4728:, a 2012 Turkish film based on some of the major political events of the Gallipoli campaign 4654: 4518: 4468:

units that had fought dismounted at Gallipoli were reinforced and reorganised, forming the

4447: 4335: 3452: 3376: 3072:

counter-mining, detonated a mine and attacked with a battalion from the 14th Regiment. The

2619: 2553: 2346: 2112: 2093: 1873: 1863: 1119: 1105: 722: 692: 644: 494: 13331: 11228:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (MCH) and the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF). 2016. 3790:. The competence of Australian brigade commanders, John Monash (4th Infantry Brigade) and 3064:

The Ottoman forces lacked artillery ammunition and field batteries were only able to fire

1909:

Frustrated by the mobility of the Ottoman batteries, sited on the instructions of General

8: 14769: 13908: 13772: 13724: 13601: 13561: 13556: 13501: 13184: 13178: 13079: 12629: 12619: 12601: 12497: 12447: 12055: 9108: 4758: 4502: 3922: 3787: 3388: 3368: 3294: 3260: 3252: 3090: 3039: 2557: 2542: 1610: 1573:

In February 1915 the Entente fleet failed to force a passage through the Dardanelles. An

1519: 1379: 1135: 1125: 1112: 782: 112: 14722: 12110: 10839: 4505:

ended hostilities in the Middle Eastern theatre on 31 October. The Entente subsequently

4187:

Ottoman casualties have been disputed and in 2001, Tim Travers gave casualty figures of

1903: 14900: 14729: 14644: 14003: 13867: 13849: 13814: 13778: 13611: 13576: 13528: 13513: 13351: 13190: 13149: 11038: 11001: 10913: 10859: 10241: 9897: 9641: 9524: 4681: 4650: 4522: 4494: 4371: 4317: 4218:) estimated that 8,556 New Zealanders served at Gallipoli and contained an estimate of 4159:

replied that "the appetite of the Dardanelles for men has been phenomenal and wicked".

4116: 3913: 3885: 3834:

and continue to influence US amphibious doctrine. In 1996, Theodore Gatchel wrote that

3417: 3380: 3216: 3032: 3013: 2604: 2252: 2211: 2090: 1792: 1598: 319: 120: 116: 11319:"A New View of the Battle of Gallipoli, One of the Bloodiest Conflicts of World War I" 10705:. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army. pp. 393–414. 10070:

Ministry of War, Staff of the Army, Historical Service, French Armies in the Great War

4423:

Entente troops were withdrawn to Lemnos and then to Egypt. French forces (renamed the

3738: 2981: 14762: 14756: 14717: 14619: 14452: 14035: 13890: 13873: 13674: 13496: 13476: 13311: 13296: 13226: 13214: 12915: 12892: 12839: 12624: 12568: 12492: 12462: 11993: 11972: 11953: 11934: 11915: 11887: 11868: 11849: 11832: 11822: 11803: 11784: 11749: 11728: 11709: 11702: 11674: 11655: 11624: 11605: 11202: 11066: 11042: 11030: 11005: 10993: 10964: 10947: 10930: 10905: 10876: 10851: 10773: 10754: 10735: 10706: 10685: 10663: 10646: 10627: 10608: 10589: 10582: 10563: 10544: 10525: 10506: 10487: 10468: 10449: 10430: 10401: 10382: 10363: 10344: 10325: 10306: 10287: 10268: 10249: 10218: 10199: 10179: 10160: 10141: 10124: 10105: 10073: 10048: 10031: 10014: 9992: 9963: 9942: 9923: 9904: 9881: 9859: 9837: 9818: 9799: 9780: 9751: 9730: 9711: 9692: 9673: 9649: 9627: 9610: 9591: 9572: 9553: 9534: 9510: 9487: 9480: 9454: 9433: 9410: 9373: 9344: 9323: 9297: 9269: 9236: 9233:

Bravery above Blunder: The 9th Australian Division at Finschhafen, Sattelberg and Sio

9214: 9195: 9176: 9154: 9135: 9116: 9094: 9072: 9053: 9030: 8997: 8966: 8940: 8921: 8902: 8885: 4801:

The events of the day later gained significance, due to the loss of a company of the

4732: 4442:. In March 1916, Murray took command of both these forces, forming them into the new 3823: 3617: 3526: 3338: 3268: 3173: 3026: 2303: 2158: 1887: 1822: 1673: 1613:. The campaign is often considered to be the beginning of Australian and New Zealand 1583: 1400: 1352: 1281: 1233: 1130: 1077: 656: 458: 422: 9291: 9263: 4724: 3137: 2251:

The time needed by the British to organise the landings meant that Sanders, Colonel

2206:

The Ottoman force prepared to repel a landing on either side of the Straits was the

13820: 13790: 13784: 13694: 13523: 13491: 13481: 13220: 13144: 13139: 13067: 12887: 12787: 11535:"Street Names: The Local, National and International Memory of the First World War" 11111:. Vol. V, no. 253. New South Wales, Australia. 21 October 1915. p. 2 11022: 10985: 10897: 10843: 9086: 4802: 4431: 4405:, the second one for the 148 Australian and 76 New Zealand soldiers in the town of 4346: 4132: 3855: 3835: 3807: 3572: 3568: 3150: 2971: 2955: 2379: 2345:(RNAS) and the Entente employed a small force of seaplanes and other aircraft from 2330: 2062: 1981: 1918: 1758: 1753:

had ended and the Belgians, British and French had suffered many casualties in the

1716: 1495: 1384: 1372: 1357: 1345: 1326: 1255: 1250: 482: 446: 12111:"Australian War Memorial Anniversary Oration: Gallipoli in a Nation's Remembrance" 11171: 11052:"The Forgotten First: The 1st Australian Division in the Great War and its Legacy" 10714: 9957: 9745: 9448: 8991: 8956: 2440:

being lost. During the afternoon and evening, the left flank was pushed back from

1991:

but was disabled by a shell, struck a mine and was abandoned, eventually sinking.

1672:

and sank several ships. On 31 October, the Ottomans entered the war and began the

14829: 14629: 14469: 13808: 13361: 13336: 13035: 12943: 12782: 12359: 10577: 9482:

The Politics of Diplomacy: Britain, France and the Balkans in the First World War

8013: 8011: 8009: 6998:

As indicated by the initials of the squadron (MF), they were equipped with eight

4560: 4552: 4490: 4387: 4295: 3846: 3564: 3403: 3281: 2975: 2727: 2573: 2564:) landed, took and secured Sari Bair above the landing beaches and was joined by 2424: 2006:

sailed through a new line of mines placed secretly by the Ottoman minelayer

1830: 1818: 1770: 1622: 1547: 1515: 1434: 1260: 1245: 620: 387: 61: 8993:

The Story of Anzac from 4 May 1915, to the Evacuation of the Gallipoli Peninsula

7566: 4240: 3814: 3706:

that could not be embarked were killed so as not to fall into Ottoman hands and

2456:

The landing of Australian troops at ANZAC Cove, Gallipoli, Turkey, 25 April 1915

14995: 14942: 14462: 14442: 14113: 13826: 13664: 13455: 13346: 13202: 13106: 13089: 12412: 12377: 12349: 12341: 11697: 11163: 10191: 9607:

Military Operations Egypt & Palestine: From June 1917 to the End of the War

9259: 8686:"Groundbreaking ceremony for bridge over Dardanelles to take place on March 18" 8606: 4742: 4435: 3733: 3656: 3522: 3058: 3045:

on 27 May. More British reconnaissance patrols were flown around Gallipoli and

2967: 2659: 2608: 2350: 2312: 2281: 2022: 1927: 1778: 1762: 1665: 1551: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1523: 957: 881: 752: 687: 675: 663: 651: 639: 632: 627: 615: 603: 591: 567: 555: 543: 531: 507: 434: 353: 339: 307: 295: 124: 83: 12050: 12024: 11102: 11026: 10989: 10662:. Australian Army Campaign Series. Vol. IV. Canberra: Army History Unit. 10121:

The Marines Were There: The Story of the Royal Marines in the Second World War

8006: 7109: 14964: 14573: 13861: 13855: 13291: 13208: 13119: 12354: 12254: 12174: 12076: 11609: 11034: 10997: 10968: 10951: 10934: 10909: 10880: 10855: 10650: 10386: 10077: 10035: 10018: 9967: 9755: 9663: 9614: 8970: 8944: 8918:

Where Anzacs Sleep: the Gallipoli Photos of Captain Jack Duffy, 8th Battalion

8889: 4737: 4564: 3881: 3827: 3791: 3543: 3169: 2707: 2576:

landed at Helles on 27 April. At "Y" Beach, during the first engagement, the

2550: 2105: 1899: 1766: 1701: 1626: 1267: 763: 579: 519: 470: 373: 145: 132: 75: 11070: 10710: 10689: 10248:. Carleton Library Series. Vol. CCIX. McGill-Queen's University Press. 10183: 9939:

Looking Forward, Looking Back: Customs and Traditions of the Australian Army

9001: 7534: 4643:

honours WWI fallen soldiers and is a tribute to Australian-Turkish relations

4135:, Erickson estimated that Ottoman casualties in the Gallipoli Campaign were 3001: 2900:

position near "Steele's Post" and died of his injuries on the hospital ship

2503:

surfaced to recharge batteries and sent a wireless report to the fleet. The

14954: 14023: 13450: 11997: 11836: 11437:"Nazi Shell in Egypt Wounds One of British Empire's Most Fabulous Soldiers" 10405: 10128: 9458: 9425: 9348: 8952: 4825: 4789: 4662: 4636: 4541: 4255:

Empire soldiers were evacuated for illness during the campaign. A total of

3803: 3666: 3631: 2495:, Stoker decided to rest the boat on the seabed until nightfall. At around 2468: 2048: 1693: 1689: 11172:"AWM 4-10-2-47 2nd Light Horse Brigade War Diary November 1918 Appendix 3" 9343:. Auckland, NZ: Whitcombe & Tombs for the Maori Regimental Committee. 6647:"Diaries of Private Victor Rupert Laidlaw, 1914–1984 [manuscript]" 4677: 2685: 2583: 1917:

sent to clear the Straits, Churchill pressed the naval commander, Admiral

1809: 1676:

against Russia. The British briefly bombarded forts in Gallipoli, invaded

1166: 14234: 14139: 13837: 13265: 12686: 12397: 12387: 10734:. Memory Studies: Global Constellations. London and New York: Routledge. 10699:"Normandy to Falaise: A Critique of Entente Operational Planning in 1944" 10097: 9251: 9168: 8181: 6999: 4886: 4612: 4592: 4547:

The landing on 25 April is commemorated every year in both countries as "

4379: 4251:. Cecil Aspinall-Oglander, the British official historian, reported that 3831: 3799: 3750: 3398: 3342: 3211:

made two voyages into the Marmara. The third tour began on 21 July, when

3012:

The British advantage in naval artillery diminished after the battleship

2744: 2366: 2264: 2162: 2129: 2018: 1914: 1739: 1659: 1563: 1311: 1199: 596: 584: 560: 536: 512: 242: 7994: 7550: 4960: 3818:

The Sphinx, one of the battlefield's most distinctive physical landmarks

11272: 10917: 10863: 10028:

Devils on Horses: In the Words of the Anzacs in the Middle East 1916–19

9385: 8859: 4753: 4718: 4666: 4501:

were captured from the Ottoman Empire during 1917 and 1918, before the

3571:

was established to support the remnants of the Serbian army to conquer

2627:

were shot by machine-gunners at the Seddülbahir fort and, of the first

2416: 2408: 2325: 2317: 2223: 1803: 1786: 1653: 1555: 668: 572: 12261: 12085:. No. 1. New South Wales, Australia. 23 January 1949. p. 3. 2515:

was a consideration in Birdwood deciding to persist and reports about

1938: 14029: 13796: 12382: 12059:. Vol. 38, no. 5, 811. Adelaide. 12 March 1942. p. 3. 10680:(1968) . "The Palestine Campaigns". In Sheppard, Eric William (ed.). 8782: 8205: 7645: 7043: 6710: 6708: 4640: 4548: 4450:

was also formed. These units moved to the Western Front in mid-1916.

4402: 4313: 4288: 4248: 3775: 3679: 3578: 3556: 3531: 2859: 2712: 2412: 2215: 2125: 1798: 1774: 1618: 1567: 1559: 984: 917: 210: 11669:

Erickson, Edward J. (2007). Gooch, John; Reid, Brian Holden (eds.).

10901: 10847: 10770:

The Last Century of Sea Power: From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894–1922

10360:

Ottoman Palestine, 1800–1914: Studies in Economic and Social History

10341:

The Commonwealth Armies: Manpower and Organisation in Two World Wars

9689:

At the Water's Edge: Defending against the Modern Amphibious Assault

9530:

Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War

8878:

Military Operations Gallipoli: Inception of the Campaign to May 1915

8642: 8294: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7705: 6783: 6258: 6222: 5263: 5102: 4259:

troops fell sick, not counting Dominion or Indian troops; of these,

4147:

went missing or were captured. In 2001, Les Carlyon gave figures of

4115:

Casualty figures for the campaign vary between sources but in 2001,

3634:

shot down a French aircraft over Gaba Tepe and the Austro-Hungarian

2479:

by 6:00 a.m. and torpedoed an Ottoman gunboat believed to be a

2179:, after arriving there on 17 April. That day, the British submarine 14798: 14289: 12248: 10942:

Hart, Peter (2007). "War is Helles: The Real Fight for Gallipoli".

10265:

Submarine Operational Effectiveness in the 20th Century (1900–1939)

10062:

Lepetit, Vincent; Tournyol du Clos, Alain; Rinieri, Ilario (1923).

8806: 8794: 7348: 6381: 5863: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5131: 4948: 3898: 3512: 3448: 2758: 2461: 1922: 11971:. Australian Army Campaigns. Vol. 16. Newport, NSW: Big Sky. 11219:"Enumerating New Zealand Expeditionary Force Service on Gallipoli" 9922:. Parkville, VIC: Department of History, University of Melbourne. 7087: 7085: 6705: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4917: 12137:

Winston Churchill & Gallipoli – UK Parliament Living Heritage

11217: 10303:

The Gurkhas: The inside Story of the World's Most Feared Soldiers

9815:

The Medical War: British Military Medicine in the First World War

9622:

Fewster, Kevin; Basarin, Vecihi; Basarin, Hatice Hurmuz (2003) .

8746: 8612: 8546: 7973: 7510: 7172: 7019: 6834: 6297: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6049: 4556: 4453: 4406: 4244: 3771: 3610: 3318: 3051: 2795: 2639: 2391:

was to follow and to capture the higher ground on Sari Bair. The

2378:) and the New Zealand and Australian Division (Major General Sir 2354: 2324:

spearheading the assault, were to land north of Gaba Tepe on the

2268: 2180: 1730: 79: 11884:

The Ottoman Army: Disease and Death on the Battlefield 1914–1918

11369:"Ottoman military graveyard found on Greek island off Gallipoli" 10871:

Ekins, Ashley (2009). "Bloody Ridge: The Assault of Lone Pine".

8486: 8462: 8097: 8061: 6822: 6321: 5821: 5669: 3428:

in the New Zealand Wellington Battalion who reached the summit,

3156:

arrived and the Entente air effort increased from a squadron to

14906:

Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits

11255:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 1 March 2016. 9747:

The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine, 1914–1918

8582: 8570: 8282: 8217: 7621: 7283: 7082: 7070: 6628: 6626: 6497: 6495: 6446: 6444: 4929: 4788:

The 57th Regiment was not rebuilt and was not recreated in the

4498: 4284:

having diarrhoea. Other notable conditions were frostbite with

3935:

List of war cemeteries and memorials on the Gallipoli Peninsula

3591: 3465:

charging an Ottoman trench, just before the evacuation at Anzac

3334: 2974:, which led to a camaraderie between the armies, much like the 2476: 2273: 2228: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2053: 1946:

On the morning of 18 March 1915, the Entente fleet, comprising

1669: 12655: 11671:

Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A Comparative Study

11620:

Beneath the Dardanelles: The Australian Submarine at Gallipoli

10061: 8017: 7693: 7657: 7307: 7007: 6810: 6468: 6046: 3702:

and 1,600 long tons (1,600 t) of equipment were removed;

801:

345,000 British (including Irish, Indians and Newfoundlanders)

14457: 8246: 8121: 5722: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5547: 5484: 4821: 3349:

MF98T had also been established at Tenedos. The Ottomans had

3310: 3243:

and sank a gunboat, seven transports and 23 sailing vessels.

2963: 2875: 2154: 2082: 1781:

in the Far East were icebound in winter and distant from the

11602:

Horseman, Pass By: The Australian Light Horse in World War I

11139:. Australian Department of Veterans' Affairs. Archived from 9710:(3rd ed.). Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. 8965:. Vol. I (11th ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 8498: 8085: 7869: 7633: 7599: 7597: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7360: 7271: 7223: 7160: 7126: 7124: 6959: 6957: 6894: 6759: 6720: 6623: 6611: 6492: 6441: 6405: 6393: 6369: 6357: 5215: 5203: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 4981: 4979: 3616:

on 6 November. The rendezvous was kept by the German U-boat

3387:

became another costly stalemate. At Anzac, the diversionary

2247:

Heavy artillery from the German inland gun emplacement, 1915

1849:

in the Dardanelles, to divert Ottoman troops from Caucasia.

1652:

On 29 October 1914, two former German warships, the Ottoman

1522:(now Gelibolu) from 19 February 1915 to 9 January 1916. The 9044:

Ben-Gavriel, Moshe Ya'aqov (1999). Wallas, Armin A. (ed.).

9026: 8450: 7336: 7060: 7058: 6749: 6747: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6558: 6275: 6273: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5080: 5078: 5076: 1913:, which evaded the Entente bombardments and threatened the 37:"Dardanelles Campaign" redirects here. For other uses, see 12033:. New South Wales, Australia. 9 November 1939. p. 3. 11673:. Military History and Policy. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. 11132: 10588:(Pelican 1982 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9646:

No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy

8402: 8318: 8145: 8000: 7963: 7961: 7934: 7809: 6930: 6091: 6079: 6067: 5583: 5508: 5438: 5436: 5421: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5251: 5143: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 4382:

memorials commemorate New Zealanders killed at Anzac. The

4195:

ranks (battle and non-battle); included among this may be

2834:, had been lost after running aground near Nagara Point.) 2370:

North Beach (north of Anzac Cove) looking south, Gallipoli

30:"Battle of Gallipoli" redirects here. For other uses, see 10660:

Exploring Gallipoli: An Australian Army Battlefield Guide

10482:

Simkins, Peter; Jukes, Geoffrey; Hickey, Michael (2003).

8899:

Military Operations Gallipoli: May 1915 to the Evacuation

8630: 8510: 7922: 7910: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7881: 7799: 7797: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7753: 7729: 7681: 7669: 7594: 7486: 7476: 7474: 7454: 7372: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7259: 7213: 7211: 7184: 7121: 6954: 6906: 6800: 6798: 6771: 6732: 6693: 6681: 6587: 6546: 6534: 6507: 6480: 6456: 6345: 6246: 6200: 6198: 6196: 5027: 4991: 4976: 2985:

Field Ambulance stretchers a wounded soldier down a path.

1617:. The anniversary of the landings, 25 April, is known as 1605:, who rose to prominence as a commander at Gallipoli, as 10976:

Hughes, Matthew (2005). "The French Army at Gallipoli".

10834:(1 (March)). London: Royal Geographical Society: 12–36. 10013:. Melbourne: Directorate of Military Training (Wilkie). 8654: 8618: 8558: 8390: 8306: 8258: 8236: 8234: 8232: 8109: 7821: 7522: 7430: 7055: 6858: 6846: 6744: 6570: 6417: 6285: 6270: 6210: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6115: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6003: 5967: 5938: 5773: 5739: 5737: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5571: 5525: 5523: 5460: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5308: 5090: 5073: 2946:

were killed; Australian and New Zealand casualties were

1813:

Sea access to Russia through the Dardanelles (in yellow)

1680:

and studied the possibility of forcing the Dardanelles.

11459: 11391: 11170: 11101: 10875:(47). Canberra: Australian War Memorial: 12–14, 16–18. 10643:

Smoke on the Horizon: Mediterranean Fighting, 1914–1918

8342: 8300: 8211: 8193: 8049: 7958: 7498: 7442: 7384: 7235: 7196: 7148: 7097: 6982:

Dardanelles 1915–2015 LE CORPS EXPÉDITIONNAIRE D'ORIENT

6918: 6870: 6669: 6429: 6333: 6309: 5991: 5955: 5926: 5914: 5890: 5535: 5433: 5287: 5269: 5239: 5179: 5167: 5114: 5046: 4923: 4907: 4905: 4358:(CWGC) is responsible for permanent cemeteries for all 4199:

Liman von Sanders estimated that the Ottomans suffered

3673:, on 7 January 1916, just prior to the final evacuation 3435:

The Suvla landing was reinforced by the arrival of the

1683: 10925:

Gilbert, Greg (2013). "Air War Over the Dardanelles".

9213:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. 8758: 8722: 8534: 8426: 8378: 8354: 8169: 7893: 7857: 7845: 7794: 7777: 7717: 7582: 7471: 7420: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7401: 7399: 7319: 7247: 7208: 7136: 6795: 6524: 6522: 6234: 6193: 5880: 5878: 5686: 5409: 5356: 5344: 5015: 5003: 4267:

of men removed as non-battle casualties died, against

3219:

placed near the Narrows. The next attempt was made by

1942:

Panoramic view of the Entente fleet in the Dardanelles

1890:. The British had intended to use eight aircraft from 1692:

on the Mediterranean, an idea originally presented by

14926: 10798:"Diaries of Private Victor Rupert Laidlaw, 1914–1984" 10322:

For Valour: Victoria Cross and Medal of Honor Battles

10215:

The Great War Generals on the Western Front 1914–1918

10096: 9621: 9322:(2nd ed.). Crow's Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. 8963:

Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918

8812: 8800: 8788: 8734: 8666: 8648: 8522: 8474: 8414: 8366: 8229: 8157: 8133: 8073: 7833: 7295: 7049: 6599: 6144: 6127: 6103: 6027: 6015: 5902: 5761: 5749: 5734: 5710: 5698: 5657: 5633: 5612: 5559: 5520: 5496: 5448: 5368: 5320: 5275: 5227: 5191: 5155: 5137: 5108: 4183:

troops (with some Turkish (sic) sources referring to

3745:(Anzac soldier injured in the arms of Ottoman troops) 2149:

Australian troops, Port Mudros, Greece, 20 April 1915

1841:

into the war on the Entente side. On 2 January 1915,

89:; Ottoman soldiers in a trench; and Entente positions 11226:

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

10157:

The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History

9569:

Ottomans and Armenians: A Study in Counterinsurgency

9432:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 9151:

Gallipoli: The Final Battles and Evacuation of Anzac

8438: 8270: 7765: 7741: 7031: 6181: 5785: 4902: 3888:

Government and form a Coalition Government with the

2918: 2850:

field guns, to the Helles front as reserves for the

15051:

Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

15046:

Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire

11539:

World War I Centenary: Continuations and Beginnings

11486:"Entente Attacks on Turkish Patients & Wounded" 10701:. In Krause, Michael D.; Phillips, R. Cody (eds.). 9430:

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History

9192:

Kitchener's War: British Strategy from 1914 to 1916

8830: 8330: 7946: 7609: 7411: 7396: 6942: 6882: 6519: 6169: 5875: 5833: 5809: 5797: 5645: 5600: 5397: 5385: 5332: 2773:began to rise uncontrollably and surfaced near the 1578:for the sponsors of the expedition, especially the 14991:Amphibious operations involving the United Kingdom 12075: 11783:] (in Dutch). Soesterberg: Uitgeverij Aspekt. 11701: 11508: 10581: 10481: 10429:. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars. pp. 90–106. 10176:Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Great War 9896: 9777:Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918 9479: 9066: 8818: 8770: 8594: 8552: 8288: 7651: 6714: 5979: 5472: 3802:, the Ottomans surrounded a British expedition at 3357:sank an Ottoman tug with an air-launched torpedo. 2549:The Helles landing was made by the 29th Division ( 12023: 10424: 9340:The Maoris in the Great War (including Gallipoli) 8896: 8872: 8866:History of the Russian army: Struggle in Caucasus 7988: 7516: 7178: 7115: 7025: 6978:"11 mai, l'escadrille MF 98 T est opérationnelle" 6840: 6828: 6789: 6327: 6303: 6264: 6228: 5869: 5827: 5680: 4942: 4761:, awarded annually by the Gallipoli Memorial Club 3321:by dismounted Australian light horsemen from the 1566:straits would be open to Entente supplies to the 378: 15011:Battles of World War I involving Austria-Hungary 14962: 12113:. soundtrack and text. Australian War Memorial. 11617:Basarin, Vecihi; Basarin, Hatice Hurmuz (2008). 11413:"Lead Contamination Closes Corner Brook Armoury" 11193: 10946:(38). Canberra: Australian War Memorial: 10–12. 10929:(61). Canberra: Australian War Memorial: 42–47. 10524:. Vol. I. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9428:; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008). 8252: 4820:"Twas better to die 'neath an Irish sky than in 4214:The New Zealand semi-official history (1919, by 3525:wrote that during the stalemate, an old Ottoman 3008:delivering orders to the batteries at Anzac Cove 2970:and others on 24 May, to bury the dead lying in 344: 183: 15106:WikiProject Turkey current top in-process tasks 14916:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 13632:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 11952:. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. 11903:The Defense of Gallipoli: A General Staff Study 10963:(62). Canberra: Australian War Memorial: 8–13. 10802:State Library of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia 9850: 9317: 8710: 8588: 7699: 7576: 7556: 7091: 7076: 7013: 6816: 6061: 5728: 5553: 5490: 5221: 4476:. Along with the Australian Light Horsemen and 4397:12 May 1925 – Unveiling of Chunuk Bair Memorial 2933:troops launched an attack at Anzac to push the 2595:, beneath the old Seddülbahir fortress, and at 1797:(Imperial German Navy) and the entrance to the 15016:Battles of World War I involving British India 11865:Field of Bones: An Irish Division at Gallipoli 11298:"How Many New Zealanders Served on Gallipoli?" 10703:Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art 9798:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 9691:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 9586:Falls, Cyril; MacMunn, George (maps) (1996) . 9134:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 9067:Brenchley, Fred; Brenchley, Elizabeth (2001). 4366:VC, Royal Welch Fusiliers), four at Suvla and 3447:arriving late on 10 August and the dismounted 1749:, the Franco–British counter-offensive of the 1668:, in which they bombarded the Russian port of 103:(10 months, 3 weeks and 2 days) 15036:Battles of World War I involving Newfoundland 14814: 12671: 12277: 12167:"Map of Europe during the Gallipoli Campaign" 11969:The Ottoman Defence Against The Anzac Landing 11819:Damn the Dardanelles!: The Story of Gallipoli 11775:Kraaijestein, Martin; Schulten, Paul (2009). 11604:. East Roseville, NSW: Simon & Schuster. 10560:1914–1918: The History of the First World War 10262: 10173: 9404: 8920:. McCrae, Victoria: Slouch Hat Publications. 8324: 8127: 7639: 7627: 7289: 7277: 6900: 6726: 6450: 4745:, a military decoration of the Ottoman Empire 4513:. The occupation ended in 1923 following the 3940:Gallipoli casualties (not including illness) 3164:also landed at Helles in preparation for the 3080: 2783:, then broke the surface again at the stern. 1872:On 17 February 1915, a British seaplane from 1509: 1503: 1182: 1000: 217: 15031:Battles of World War I involving New Zealand 12255:"Australia's role in the Gallipoli Campaign" 11886:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. 11162:. rsa.org.nz. 4 January 2011. Archived from 10825: 10484:The First World War: The War to End All Wars 10393: 10174:Mitchell, Thomas John; Smith, G. M. (1931). 10119:Lockhart, Sir Robert Hamilton Bruce (1950). 9585: 9367: 9235:. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 8576: 8492: 8223: 8187: 8103: 8091: 8067: 8018:Lepetit, Tournyol du Clos & Rinieri 1923 7572: 6564: 5594: 5514: 4424: 3712: 3641: 3635: 3473:began arriving at Anzac from Egypt with the 2013:senior naval officers like the commander of 1886:, began a long-range bombardment of Ottoman 1859:Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign 1790: 14122: 12195:The campaign at the Dardanelles (Gallipoli) 11158: 10343:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 10005: 9509:] (in Turkish). Çanakkale: Eren Books. 9043: 8915: 8857: 8660: 8468: 8408: 8312: 7342: 4997: 4970: 4615:strait, connecting Europe and Asia, is the 2491:advanced toward the Sea of Marmara and, at 2267:and improvised mines were constructed from 1550:. This would expose the Ottoman capital at 1196: 201: 15006:Battles of World War I involving Australia 14821: 14807: 12678: 12664: 12325:Order of battle for the Gallipoli campaign 12284: 12270: 12257:. ABC and Department of Veteran's Affairs. 12097:– via National Library of Australia. 12071:– via National Library of Australia. 12045:– via National Library of Australia. 11247: 11119:– via National Library of Australia. 10505:. Thrupp, Stroud: Gloucestershire Sutton. 10100:; Balderstone, Simon; Bowan, John (2006). 9605:Falls, Cyril; Becke, A. F. (maps) (1930). 9208: 7967: 5040: 4119:wrote that in the Gallipoli Campaign over 3841: 2044:Order of battle for the Gallipoli campaign 1189: 1175: 1007: 993: 11134:"ANZAC Day 2010 – The Gallipoli Campaign" 11049: 10887: 10772:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 10557: 10397:The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine 10376: 10240: 10212: 10190: 10159:. Auckland, NZ: Oxford University Press. 10135: 9856:Gallipoli 1915: Frontal Assault on Turkey 9779:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 9727:British Fighting Methods in the Great War 9523: 9372:. Wellington: New Zealand Defence Force. 9085: 8636: 8151: 7916: 7887: 7875: 7759: 7675: 7663: 7603: 7540: 7492: 7465: 7436: 7378: 7366: 7354: 7313: 7265: 7229: 7190: 7166: 7130: 6963: 6912: 6777: 6765: 6753: 6738: 6699: 6632: 6617: 6593: 6581: 6552: 6540: 6513: 6501: 6486: 6474: 6462: 6423: 6411: 6399: 6387: 6375: 6363: 6351: 6291: 6279: 6252: 6216: 5973: 5961: 5949: 5932: 5920: 5896: 5577: 5442: 5427: 5302: 5257: 5149: 5084: 5067: 4985: 4966: 4559:in Australia and New Zealand, surpassing 3727: 3215:passed through the straits despite a new 1976:was sunk, with most of her crew rescued; 1722:to Alexandretta on 13 December 1914. The 364: 15026:Battles of World War I involving Germany 13921:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 12219:"Winston Churchill's World War Disaster" 11846:The War Lords and the Gallipoli Disaster 11483: 11411: 11177:. Headquarters 2nd Light Horse Brigade. 10767: 10748: 10519: 10500: 10154: 10118: 9878:The Oxford Companion to Military History 9812: 9724: 9566: 9547: 9320:The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles 9289: 9258: 9093:. Camberwell, Victoria: Viking/Penguin. 8897:Aspinall-Oglander, Cecil Faber (1992) . 8861:История русской армии: Борьба на Кавказе 8740: 8564: 8456: 8163: 8115: 7528: 7504: 7064: 6975: 6969: 6864: 6852: 5997: 5541: 5245: 5209: 5173: 5125: 5009: 4452: 4418: 4392: 4345: 3813: 3737: 3665: 3577: 3457: 3397: 3359: 3280: 3136: 3084: 3019:was torpedoed and sunk on 13 May by the 3000: 2980: 2913:"many vehicles and mountains of baggage" 2874:Ottoman machine-gun crews equipped with 2869: 2757: 2684: 2582: 2536: 2451: 2402: 2365: 2302: 2255:and other German officers, supported by 2242: 2194: 2144: 2047: 1937: 1862: 1808: 269: 15041:Battles of World War I involving Russia 15021:Battles of World War I involving France 14298:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 12291: 11843: 11704:The First World War: A Complete History 11366: 11350:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10924: 10751:The ANZACS, the Media and the Great War 10696: 10657: 10640: 10621: 10538: 10465:The Guinness Book of Military Anecdotes 10319: 10281: 10042: 10025: 9941:. Wavell Heights, Queensland: Big Sky. 9793: 9743: 9686: 9662: 9648:. Crow's Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. 9626:. Crow's Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. 9252:The tenth (Irish) division in Gallipoli 9167: 9148: 8934: 8432: 8360: 8348: 8276: 8264: 8240: 8199: 8079: 8055: 7940: 7815: 7803: 7788: 7723: 7544: 7448: 7390: 7330: 7241: 7217: 7202: 7154: 7142: 7103: 6936: 6924: 6876: 6804: 6435: 6339: 6315: 6240: 6204: 6163: 6097: 6085: 6073: 6040: 6021: 6009: 5908: 5860:Sevki Yazman, "Turk Canakkale", p. 100. 5779: 5755: 5743: 5716: 5704: 5692: 5663: 5639: 5502: 5466: 5454: 5415: 5379: 5362: 5314: 5281: 5233: 5161: 4892: 4341: 3443:, which began landing on 8 August, the 2837: 2779:, then dropped precipitously below the 2190: 2037: 1894:to spot for the bombardment but only a 233: 14: 14963: 12203:"Gallipoli Centenary Research Project" 11649: 11623:. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. 11484:Taskiran, Cemalettin (18 March 2005). 11316: 11012: 10975: 10676: 10602: 10576: 10462: 10324:. London: Cassel Military Paperbacks. 10300: 10231: 9989:Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I 9936: 9872: 9477: 9446: 9423: 9368:Crawford, John; Buck, Matthew (2020). 9227: 9189: 9107: 8836: 8764: 8752: 8728: 8672: 8624: 8613:Ministry for Culture and Heritage 2016 8540: 8516: 8420: 8396: 8384: 8336: 8175: 8139: 7928: 7904: 7863: 7851: 7839: 7711: 7480: 6976:Ferreira, Sylvain (11 November 2015). 6138: 6121: 6109: 5767: 5627: 5565: 5529: 5197: 5185: 5096: 4633:Australian Turkish Friendship Memorial 4617:longest suspension bridge in the world 4166:during the campaign, with the British 2104:. The ANZAC troops were joined by the 1593:The campaign became the basis for the 1586:. The campaign was considered a great 1014: 101:19 February 1915 – 9 January 1916 78:(fourth from left); Entente warships; 15081:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I 15056:Campaigns and theatres of World War I 14802: 14251:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 13587:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 12659: 12265: 12077:""Jack Spade" Wrote Hit And Vanished" 12049: 11520:from the original on 22 February 2014 11395:. canakkalesehitlik.net. 5 May 2015. 11341: 11304:from the original on 26 November 2015 11295: 11195:"Cape Helles Memorial to the Missing" 11181:from the original on 22 December 2018 10958: 10870: 10503:VCs of the First World War: Gallipoli 10443: 10338: 9920:Gallipoli: A British Historian's View 9917: 9831: 9640: 9604: 9503:Çanakkale Savaş Alanları Gezi Günlüğü 9021:Becke, Major Archibald Frank (1937). 9020: 9008:from the original on 6 September 2019 8989: 8977:from the original on 6 September 2019 8951: 8776: 8600: 8528: 8480: 8444: 8372: 7827: 7301: 7037: 6605: 6187: 5884: 5839: 5815: 5803: 5791: 5651: 5606: 5403: 5391: 5350: 5338: 5326: 5021: 4954: 4896: 4736:, a 2014 Australian film directed by 4717:, a 1981 Australian film directed by 4426:Corps Expeditionnaire des Dardanelles 2998:The truce was not repeated formally. 2087:Australian and New Zealand Army Corps 1644:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I 1170: 988: 15086:Military campaigns involving Germany 14828: 14655:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 12117:from the original on 8 December 2004 12089:from the original on 7 February 2023 12063:from the original on 7 February 2023 12037:from the original on 7 February 2023 12004:from the original on 27 January 2023 11933:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 11741: 11637:from the original on 20 January 2022 11545:from the original on 18 January 2017 11447:from the original on 7 February 2023 11435: 11423:from the original on 18 January 2017 11379:from the original on 7 November 2017 11354:from the original on 11 October 2016 11329:from the original on 23 October 2017 11259:from the original on 2 February 2017 10941: 10729: 10412:from the original on 2 February 2016 10357: 10104:. Frenchs Forest, NSW: New Holland. 9986: 9959:The Royal Australian Navy, 1914–1918 9955: 9894: 9774: 9705: 9533:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood. 9500: 9355:from the original on 2 February 2023 9194:. Lincoln, Nebraska: Potomac Books. 9129: 8916:Austin, Ronald; Duffy, Jack (2006). 8824: 8678: 8504: 8031:"Australian fatalities at Gallipoli" 7952: 7771: 7747: 7735: 7687: 7615: 7588: 7560: 7424: 7405: 7253: 6948: 6888: 6687: 6675: 6657:from the original on 7 February 2023 6528: 6175: 5985: 5478: 4911: 4750:And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda 4671:And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda 3903:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 3874: 3626:, killing all but nine of the crew. 1684:Entente strategy and the Dardanelles 32:Battle of Gallipoli (disambiguation) 27:Military campaign during World War I 14584:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 13378:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 11867:. Dublin, Ireland: Lilliput Press. 11848:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 11279:. New Zealand Defence Force. 2020. 10684:(4th ed.). London: Constable. 10682:A Short History of the British Army 10444:Rance, Philip (ed./trans.) (2017). 10394:Powles, C. Guy; Wilkie, A. (1922). 10377:Pitt, Barrie; Young, Peter (1970). 9880:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9858:. Campaign Series. London: Osprey. 9817:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9762:from the original on 10 August 2019 9388:. New Zealand Defence Force. 2020. 9115:. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. 8813:Fewster, Basarin & Basarin 2003 8801:Fewster, Basarin & Basarin 2003 8789:Fewster, Basarin & Basarin 2003 8649:Fewster, Basarin & Basarin 2003 7050:Fewster, Basarin & Basarin 2003 6644: 5138:Fewster, Basarin & Basarin 2003 5109:Lewis, Balderstone & Bowan 2006 4535:Gallipoli Peninsula Historical Site 3586:serving in Gallipoli in Autumn 1915 3246: 2407:Landing of the covering force from 2218:were the likely areas for landing. 2102:New Zealand and Australian Division 1852: 1696:in 1914. This plan was made by the 24: 13317:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 11559: 11532: 11514:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 11465:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 11399:from the original on 18 March 2017 11283:from the original on 8 August 2020 11199:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 9465:from the original on 17 March 2021 9392:from the original on 8 August 2020 8716: 8698:from the original on 18 March 2017 4708:Timeline of the Gallipoli Campaign 4356:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 4226:In 2000, Ross McGibbon wrote that 3622:instead, which torpedoed and sank 1715:, ordered Captain Frank Larkin of 25: 15122: 12227:"Gallipoli casualties by country" 12130: 12109:Carlyon, Les (11 November 2004). 11490:The Journal of the Turkish Weekly 11249:"Gallipoli Casualties by Country" 11235:from the original on 11 June 2016 11021:(3). Sage Publications: 278–317. 10605:The Arab Movements in World War I 10138:British Submarines of World War I 10084:from the original on 8 April 2022 9974:from the original on 12 July 2015 9052:] (in German). Wien: Böhlau. 5851:ATASE, Canakkale 2, p. 46, 56–57. 4239:Many soldiers became sick due to 4172:listing losses including sick as 3416:two New Army battalions from the 2919:Ottoman counter-offensive: 19 May 2607:landed from a converted collier, 2071:Mediterranean Expeditionary Force 1637: 1514:) was a military campaign in the 715:Mediterranean Expeditionary Force 15071:History of Australia (1901–1945) 14948: 14936: 13680:Second Battle of the Piave River 13302:Russian invasion of East Prussia 12438:The Second Battle of Anafartalar 12237: 11471:from the original on 20 May 2013 11367:Kirbaki, Yorgo (24 April 2015). 10645:. London: Hodder and Stoughton. 10381:. Vol. III. London: B.P.C. 10267:. Part One. New York: Universe. 10045:Ataturk: The Rebirth of a Nation 9571:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 8553:Simkins, Jukes & Hickey 2003 8023: 6988:from the original on 20 May 2020 6638: 4843: 4833: 4808: 4795: 4782: 4624: 4600: 4584: 4572: 3770:battleship, one destroyer, five 3517:156th Infantry Division (France) 3422:Loyal North Lancashire Regiments 3106:on both sides; the British lost 2680: 2675: 2307:Landing at Gallipoli, April 1915 1933: 1570:and warm-water ports in Russia. 956: 931: 916: 899: 880: 762: 751: 738: 727: 708: 686: 674: 662: 650: 638: 626: 614: 602: 590: 578: 566: 554: 542: 530: 518: 506: 488: 476: 464: 452: 440: 428: 416: 404: 380: 366: 346: 332: 313: 301: 289: 271: 250: 235: 219: 203: 185: 68: 14751:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 13951:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 12685: 12308: 12017: 11989:The New Zealanders at Gallipoli 11708:. New York: Henry Holt and Co. 11342:Keane, Daniel (22 April 2015). 11296:Green, David (28 August 2013). 10890:The Journal of Military History 9708:A Military History of Australia 9550:Gallipoli: the Ottoman Campaign 9507:Çanakkale War Zone Travel Diary 9409:. North Sydney: Vintage Books. 9405:Dando-Collins, Stephen (2012). 9318:Coulthard-Clark, Chris (2001). 9255:, London: Herbert Jenkins Ltd. 8937:World War I: An Outline History 5854: 5845: 4957:, pp. 16–17, 44–47, 55–56. 4772: 4507:occupied Gallipoli and Istanbul 4131:and French soldiers. Using the 2844:42nd (East Lancashire) Division 2741:Australian 4th Infantry Brigade 2591:The main landings were made at 2322:3rd Australian Infantry Brigade 2079:New Zealand Expeditionary Force 1713:Commander-in-Chief, East Indies 14574:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 14433:Deportations from East Prussia 14230:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 11931:Gallipoli: Attack from the Sea 11905:. Hawaii: Hawaiian Department. 11690:At Antwerp and the Dardanelles 11688:Foster, Henry Clapham (1918). 11443:. 17 August 1942. p. 28. 10768:Willmott, Hedley Paul (2009). 10427:The Archaeology of Destruction 10379:History of the First World War 9918:James, Robert Rhodes (1995) . 9796:A Naval History of World War I 9744:Gullett, Henry Somer (1941) . 8874:Aspinall-Oglander, Cecil Faber 8001:Department of Veterans Affairs 7652:Brenchley & Brenchley 2001 6715:Brenchley & Brenchley 2001 4511:partitioned the Ottoman Empire 4493:was reoccupied in 1916, while 4457:Gallipoli campaign epitaph at 4308:hospitals had been built with 3590:On 4 September, the submarine 3149:In June, the seaplane carrier 3093:in trenches at Gallipoli, 1915 2978:of 1914 on the Western Front. 2526: 2118:Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient 1648:Ottoman entry into World War I 13: 1: 15096:Ottoman Empire in World War I 14846:Russo-Ottoman Alliance (1799) 14485:Ukrainian Canadian internment 12309:History of Gallipoli Campaign 12143:"Learning resources from the 12102: 11914:. Kenthurst, NSW: Rosenberg. 11844:Lambert, Nicholas A. (2021). 11510:"West Mudros Moslem Cemetery" 11461:"Portianos Military Cemetery" 11393:"Kurtuluş Savaşı Komutanları" 11094: 10448:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. 9687:Gatchel, Theodore L. (1996). 9552:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. 9548:Erickson, Edward J. (2015) . 9132:British Battleships 1889–1904 8845: 7714:, pp. 202–203, 259, 263. 6328:Thys-Şenocak & Aslan 2008 4151:killed or missing, including 3928: 3743:Respect to Mehmetçik Monument 3719:shot down two RNAS aircraft. 3685:Despite predictions of up to 3537: 3333:, mainly from 3 Wing RNAS at 3277:Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli) 3188:the Royal Naval Division had 3065: 2361: 1632: 860: 833: 816: 807: 15091:New Zealand–Turkey relations 15076:History of the Royal Marines 14876:League of the Three Emperors 14640:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 13939:Estonian War of Independence 13607:Southern Palestine offensive 11590:Resources in other libraries 10732:War Memory and Commemoration 10697:Weigley, Russell F. (2005). 10522:The First World War: To Arms 10102:Events That Shaped Australia 9937:Jobson, Christopher (2009). 9624:Gallipoli: The Turkish Story 9567:Erickson, Edward J. (2013). 8212:2nd Light Horse Brigade 1918 8190:, pp. 336–37, 341, 349. 7118:, pp. 248, 286, 312–13. 5270:Tamworth Daily Observer 1915 4880: 4487:Sinai and Palestine campaign 4444:Egyptian Expeditionary Force 4330:two years later, during the 4243:conditions, especially from 4222:battle casualties including 4143:were wounded or injured and 3722: 3559:. The Serbian defeat in the 3445:54th (East Anglian) Division 3371:in bivouacs, Gallipoli, 1915 2749:New Zealand Infantry Brigade 2618:landed at "V" Beach and the 2199:Dispositions of the Ottoman 978:Total: 255,268 (56,643 dead) 734:Oriental Expeditionary Corps 7: 15101:Royal Newfoundland Regiment 14851:Treaty of Adrianople (1829) 14594:USA against Austria-Hungary 13993:Turkish War of Independence 13945:Latvian War of Independence 13670:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 13261:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 12433:First Battle of Anafartalar 12247:public domain audiobook at 11125: 11108:The Tamworth Daily Observer 10818: 10578:Taylor, Alan John Percivale 10246:The Fighting Newfoundlander 10155:McGibbon, Ian, ed. (2000). 8858:Kernosovsky, Anton (1938). 8301:Portianos Military Cemetery 4924:Kurtuluş Savaşı Komutanları 4701: 4515:Turkish War of Independence 4483:Australian Mounted Division 4412:Çanakkale Martyrs' Memorial 4234: 3297:and capture high ground on 3229:was scuttled. On 8 August, 2896:wounded while inspecting a 2769:On 30 April, the submarine 2587:Cape Helles landing beaches 2481:Peyk-i Şevket-class cruiser 2335:Distinguished Service Order 2288: 2096:, comprising the volunteer 1888:coastal artillery batteries 1827:First Lord of the Admiralty 1597:and the declaration of the 1595:Turkish War of Independence 1580:First Lord of the Admiralty 1546:, by taking control of the 10: 15127: 15001:Australia–Turkey relations 14981:1916 in the Ottoman Empire 14976:1915 in the Ottoman Empire 14677:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 14225:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 13685:Second Battle of the Marne 13572:Second battle of the Aisne 13441:Second Battle of Champagne 13282:German invasion of Belgium 12468:Battle of Krithia Vineyard 12082:The Sunday Herald (Sydney) 11950:Gallipoli: The Medical War 11901:Patton, George S. (1936). 11748:. Sydney: Living History. 11650:Cassar, George H. (2019). 11564: 11050:Stevenson, Robert (2007). 10788: 10678:Wavell, Field Marshal Earl 10501:Snelling, Stephen (1995). 10305:. London: Headline Books. 10236:. Slouch Hat Publications. 10213:Neillands, Robin (2004) . 10043:Kinross, Patrick (1995) . 9991:. Part 1. Oxford: Osprey. 9190:Cassar, George H. (2004). 9091:Gallipoli: The Fatal Shore 9071:. Sydney: Harper Collins. 8755:, pp. 203–07, 424–26. 4532: 4478:New Zealand Mounted Rifles 4384:Twelve Tree Copse Memorial 3932: 3731: 3385:Battle of Krithia Vineyard 3257:Battle of Krithia Vineyard 3250: 3196:Ottoman losses were about 3145:gun near Seddülbahir, 1915 3081:Operations: June–July 1915 2925:Third attack on Anzac Cove 2922: 2530: 2292: 2278:Ottoman Aviation Squadrons 2041: 2032: 1856: 1698:Secretary of State for War 1641: 968:97,007 wounded or injured, 909:9,000 killed & missing 36: 29: 14861:London Straits Convention 14856:Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi 14836: 14783: 14742: 14663: 14602: 14564: 14508: 14497: 14458:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 14401: 14373: 14321: 14243: 14217: 14169: 14062: 14055: 13987:Irish War of Independence 13883: 13765: 13730:Armistice of Villa Giusti 13715:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 13640: 13542: 13469: 13370: 13327:First Battle of the Marne 13274: 13236: 13171: 13162: 13105: 12979: 12968: 12934: 12906: 12868: 12820: 12773: 12766: 12693: 12610: 12577: 12559: 12521: 12425: 12368: 12340: 12333: 12317: 12299: 11727:. London: Profile Books. 11692:. London: Mills and Boon. 11585:Resources in your library 11027:10.1191/0968344505wh317oa 10990:10.1080/03071840508522907 10796:Laidlaw, Private Victor. 10584:English History 1914–1945 10558:Stevenson, David (2005). 10541:The Royal Australian Navy 10463:Reagan, Geoffrey (1992). 10362:. Leiden: Brill Archive. 10339:Perry, Frederick (1988). 10286:. Ankara: Bilgi Yayinev. 10136:McCartney, Innes (2008). 9836:. London: Profile Books. 9794:Halpern, Paul G. (1995). 9450:The New Guinea Offensives 9290:Corbett, J. S. (2009b) . 9175:. Sydney: Pan Macmillan. 9153:. Newport, NSW: Big Sky. 9046:Tagebücher: 1915 bis 1927 8128:Mitchell & Smith 1931 7357:, pp. 188, 191, 254. 6651:State Library of Victoria 6645:Laidlaw, Private Victor. 6390:, pp. 126, 129, 134. 4851:Canterbury Mounted Rifles 4816:Irish War of Independence 4528: 3337:, which had replaced its 3233:torpedoed the battleship 3172:who had earlier replaced 3074:Australian 15th Battalion 2460:The Australian submarine 2075:Australian Imperial Force 2073:(MEF). Soldiers from the 1751:First Battle of the Marne 1207: 1026: 872: 774: 701: 394: 173: 93: 67: 55: 50: 39:Battle of the Dardanelles 14891:Constantinople Agreement 14886:Anglo–Russian Convention 14841:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 14610:Constantinople Agreement 13903:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 13766:Co-belligerent conflicts 13735:Second Romanian campaign 13705:Third Transjordan attack 13416:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 13322:Battle of Grand Couronné 12478:Second Battle of Krithia 11948:Tyquin, Michael (1993). 11929:Rudenno, Victor (2008). 11745:The Gallipoli Evacuation 11541:. University of Oxford. 10828:The Geographical Journal 10603:Tauber, Eliezer (1993). 10282:Özakman, Turgut (2008). 10263:O'Connell, John (2010). 10217:. London Books: Magpie. 10030:. Auckland, NZ: Exisle. 9725:Griffith, Paddy (1998). 9672:. New York: Henry Holt. 9486:. London: I. B. Tauris. 8990:Bean, Charles (1941b) . 8935:Baldwin, Hanson (1962). 8882:History of the Great War 8860: 8850: 8577:Crawford & Buck 2020 8493:Falls & MacMunn 1996 8224:Powles & Wilkie 1922 8188:Falls & MacMunn 1996 8104:Crawford & Buck 2020 8092:Crawford & Buck 2020 8068:Crawford & Buck 2020 7573:Doyle & Bennett 1999 6565:Crawford & Buck 2020 5595:Doyle & Bennett 1999 5515:Doyle & Bennett 1999 4899:, pp. 16–17, 54–56. 4765: 4470:74th (Yeomanry) Division 4169:History of the Great War 3128:Ottoman Official History 2960:John Simpson Kirkpatrick 2942:in the attack, of which 2898:1st Light Horse Regiment 2852:Second Battle of Krithia 2166:including the French at 2081:(NZEF) were encamped in 1465:Indian and Pacific Ocean 974:21,000 died of disease) 14881:Treaty of Berlin (1878) 14871:Treaty of London (1871) 14673:Modus vivendi of Acroma 14625:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 13933:Greater Poland Uprising 13833:National Protection War 13710:Meuse–Argonne offensive 13660:German spring offensive 13655:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 13431:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 13406:Second Battle of Artois 13287:Battle of the Frontiers 12503:Battle of Scimitar Hill 12483:Third Battle of Krithia 12473:First Battle of Krithia 11910:Plowman, Peter (2013). 11802:. Camberwell: Penguin. 11059:Australian Army Journal 10749:Williams, John (1999). 10658:Wahlert, Glenn (2008). 10641:Usborne, Cecil (1933). 10539:Stevens, David (2001). 10520:Strachan, Hew (2003) . 10320:Perrett, Bryan (2004). 10284:Dirilis: Canakkale 1915 10242:Nicholson, Gerald W. L. 10026:Kinloch, Terry (2007). 10009:; Graham, Joan (1955). 9852:Haythornthwaite, Philip 9813:Harrison, Mark (2010). 9209:Clodfelter, M. (2017). 9149:Cameron, David (2011). 8507:, pp. 99–100, 117. 8469:Keogh & Graham 1955 8409:Keogh & Graham 1955 8313:Austin & Duffy 2006 8035:Australian War Memorial 4691:A Ballad for Chanakkale 4657:in Queensland, and the 4430:Lieutenant General Sir 4360:Commonwealth of Nations 4286:6,602 hospitalisations, 4123:were killed, including 3864:Huon Peninsula campaign 3842:Later campaigns in WWII 3826:in 1944 and during the 3796:1st Light Horse Brigade 3753:called it a stalemate. 3491:Battle of Scimitar Hill 3471:Australian 2nd Division 3323:3rd Light Horse Brigade 3289:using a periscope rifle 3273:Battle of Scimitar Hill 3192:and French losses were 3162:52nd (Lowland) Division 3099:Third Battle of Krithia 2854:. Involving a force of 2822:, the French submarine 2691:Anzac, the landing 1915 2601:Royal Munster Fusiliers 2578:First Battle of Krithia 2507:was going well but the 2343:Royal Naval Air Service 2320:. The ANZACs, with the 2276:. The Ottomans created 2098:1st Australian Division 1994:The French battleships 1817:The French politician, 1538:, sought to weaken the 966:255,268 (56,643 killed, 890:198,340 (31,389 killed, 769:German military mission 14911:Turkish straits crisis 14866:Treaty of Paris (1856) 14698:Paris Peace Conference 14686:Ukraine–Central Powers 14480:Massacres of Albanians 14448:Late Ottoman genocides 14255:Bulgarian occupations 13963:Third Anglo-Afghan War 13927:Hungarian–Romanian War 13745:Naval Victory Bulletin 13740:Armistice with Germany 13690:Hundred Days Offensive 13617:Battle of La Malmaison 13567:Second battle of Arras 13534:Battle of Transylvania 13388:Second Battle of Ypres 13256:Sarajevo assassination 13145:South African Republic 12523:Landing at Cape Helles 12508:Battle of Gully Ravine 12458:Second Celecial Combat 12197:. The Long Long Trail. 11600:Baly, Lindsay (2003). 11576:the Gallipoli Campaign 11103:"Reason for Gallipoli" 10753:. Sydney: UNSW Press. 10232:Newton, L. M. (1925). 9956:Jose, Arthur (1941) . 9903:. London: Southwater. 9832:Hart, Peter (2013b) . 9775:Hall, Richard (2010). 9706:Grey, Jeffrey (2008). 9501:Eren, Ramazan (2003). 9478:Dutton, David (1998). 9447:Dexter, David (1961). 9249:Cooper, Brian (1918), 8939:. London: Hutchinson. 8289:Mudros Moslem Cemetery 7989:Aspinall-Oglander 1992 7517:Aspinall-Oglander 1992 7179:Aspinall-Oglander 1992 7116:Aspinall-Oglander 1992 7026:Aspinall-Oglander 1992 6841:Aspinall-Oglander 1992 6829:Aspinall-Oglander 1992 6790:Aspinall-Oglander 1992 6304:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 6265:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 6229:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 5870:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 5828:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 5681:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 4943:Aspinall-Oglander 1929 4859:Anzac Mounted Division 4849:In November 1918, the 4818:; as balladeers sang, 4485:, participated in the 4461: 4425: 4398: 4351: 4328:Middle Eastern theatre 4203:casualties, including 4139:died from all causes, 3894:Dardanelles Commission 3819: 3759:Philip Haythornthwaite 3746: 3728:Military repercussions 3713: 3674: 3643:9. Motormörserbatterie 3642: 3636: 3587: 3548:Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett 3466: 3407: 3372: 3290: 3207:At sea, the submarine 3166:Battle of Gully Ravine 3146: 3141:French gunners with a 3122:. Ottoman losses were 3094: 3057:(Lieutenant Commander 3009: 2996: 2986: 2954:. The dead included a 2893:Australian Light Horse 2878: 2801:(Lieutenant Commander 2766: 2703: 2644:57th Infantry Regiment 2616:Royal Dublin Fusiliers 2588: 2546: 2545:landing at Cape Helles 2533:Landing at Cape Helles 2505:landing at Cape Helles 2467:(Lieutenant Commander 2457: 2420: 2371: 2308: 2299:Landing at Cape Helles 2248: 2203: 2150: 2143: 2089:(ANZAC), commanded by 2057: 2052:French troops land at 1943: 1911:Otto Liman von Sanders 1869: 1814: 1791: 1777:in the Arctic and the 1615:national consciousness 1558:would be safe and the 1510: 1505:Çanakkale Muharebeleri 1504: 1499: 1039:Landing at Cape Helles 972:69,440 evacuated sick, 970:11,178 missing or POW, 896:78,494 evacuated sick) 892:9,708 missing and POW, 395:Commanders and leaders 58:Middle Eastern theatre 14708:Treaty of St. Germain 14681:Russia–Central Powers 14635:Sykes–Picot Agreement 14463:Pontic Greek genocide 14438:Destruction of Kalisz 14414:Eastern Mediterranean 13975:Polish–Lithuanian War 13757:Armistice of Belgrade 13720:Armistice of Salonica 13650:Operation Faustschlag 13597:Third Battle of Oituz 13519:Baranovichi offensive 13487:Lake Naroch offensive 13461:Battle of Robat Karim 13436:Vistula–Bug offensive 13411:Battles of the Isonzo 13342:First Battle of Ypres 12561:Landing at Anzac Cove 12488:Kocaçimen Peak Battle 12453:First Celecial Combat 12443:Battle of Chunuk Bair 12370:Allies of World War I 11882:Özdemir, H. (2008) . 11817:Laffin, John (1980). 10622:Travers, Tim (2001). 10607:. London: Routledge. 10467:. Enfield: Guinness. 10301:Parker, John (2005). 9729:. London: Routledge. 9337:Cowan, James (1926). 7543:, pp. 268, 269; 7266:Pitt & Young 1970 6739:Pitt & Young 1970 6412:Pitt & Young 1970 4696:Children of Canakkale 4669:wrote a song called " 4659:Canadian Armed Forces 4609:Çanakkale 1915 Bridge 4472:and a portion of the 4456: 4419:Subsequent operations 4396: 4364:Charles Doughty-Wylie 4349: 4280:infected and another 4125:56,000–68,000 Ottoman 3919:Minister of Munitions 3907:Royal Scots Fusiliers 3868:Battle of Finschhafen 3817: 3741: 3669: 3584:Royal Irish Fusiliers 3581: 3509:Newfoundland Regiment 3504:25,000 reinforcements 3461: 3441:53rd (Welsh) Division 3437:10th (Irish) Division 3401: 3363: 3303:Battle of Chunuk Bair 3284: 3265:Battle of Chunuk Bair 3140: 3088: 3004: 2991: 2984: 2873: 2761: 2700:landing at Anzac Cove 2688: 2586: 2540: 2531:Further information: 2509:landing at Anzac Cove 2455: 2406: 2369: 2306: 2295:Landing at ANZAC Cove 2246: 2198: 2161:of 1911–1912 and the 2148: 2138: 2051: 2029:the strong currents. 1941: 1866: 1812: 1789:was blockaded by the 1755:First Battle of Ypres 1745:By late 1914, on the 1724:Russian cruiser 1603:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 1307:Sinai & Palestine 1071:Landing at Anzac Cove 950:300,000 (56,707 dead) 913:20,000 evacuated sick 873:Casualties and losses 746:Imperial Russian Navy 719:Egyptian Labour Corps 146:40.23750°N 26.27750°E 14703:Treaty of Versailles 14419:Mount Lebanon famine 14334:in the United States 14302:Russian occupations 14016:Turkish–Armenian War 13957:Polish–Ukrainian War 13897:Ukrainian–Soviet War 13844:Central Asian Revolt 13627:Armistice of Focșani 13357:Battle of Sarikamish 13307:Battle of Tannenberg 12703:Military engagements 12612:Landing at Suvla Bay 12513:Extract to the Stamp 12207:Macquarie University 11986:Waite, Fred (1919). 11967:Uyar, Mesut (2015). 11863:Orr, Philip (2006). 11742:Hart, Peter (2020). 11723:Hart, Peter (2011). 10198:. Ware: Wordsworth. 9987:Jung, Peter (2003). 9895:Hore, Peter (2006). 9130:Burt, R. A. (1988). 9109:Butler, Daniel Allen 8589:Coulthard-Clark 2001 8471:, pp. 122, 124. 8253:Cape Helles Memorial 7738:, pp. 181, 209. 7700:Haythornthwaite 2004 7690:, pp. 100, 107. 7666:, pp. 233, 270. 7577:Haythornthwaite 2004 7557:Haythornthwaite 2004 7316:, pp. 249, 252. 7092:Coulthard-Clark 2001 7077:Coulthard-Clark 2001 7014:Haythornthwaite 2004 6817:Haythornthwaite 2004 6690:, pp. 131, 276. 6477:, pp. 131, 136. 6062:Coulthard-Clark 2001 5729:Haythornthwaite 2004 5554:Haythornthwaite 2004 5491:Haythornthwaite 2004 5222:Haythornthwaite 2004 5212:, pp. 158, 166. 4840:were evacuated sick. 4686:"Çanakkale geçilmez" 4595:, Australia, in 2015 4519:Armistice of Mudanya 4448:New Zealand Division 4342:Graves and memorials 4228:2,721 New Zealanders 4185:350,000 casualties.) 3507:September 1915, the 3475:5th Infantry Brigade 3469:Elements of the new 3453:2nd Mounted Division 3377:landing at Suvla Bay 3134:to another account. 3069: 18,000 shells 2940:c. 13,000 casualties 2838:Operations: May 1915 2658:. Six awards of the 2620:Lancashire Fusiliers 2570:2/10th Gurkha Rifles 2554:Aylmer Hunter-Weston 2393:1st Infantry Brigade 2389:2nd Infantry Brigade 2191:Ottoman preparations 2113:Royal Naval Division 2094:Sir William Birdwood 2038:Entente preparations 1488:Defence of Gallipoli 1484:Dardanelles campaign 1120:Landing at Suvla Bay 723:Maltese Labour Corps 14770:They shall not pass 14693:Treaty of Bucharest 14650:Treaty of Bucharest 14589:USA against Germany 14566:Declarations of war 14270:German occupations 14183:British casualties 14042:Soviet–Georgian War 13969:Egyptian Revolution 13909:Armeno-Georgian War 13773:Somaliland campaign 13725:Armistice of Mudros 13602:Battle of Caporetto 13592:Battle of Mărășești 13562:Zimmermann telegram 13557:February Revolution 13502:Battle of the Somme 13426:Bug-Narew Offensive 13401:Battle of Gallipoli 13393:Sinking of the RMS 13185:Scramble for Africa 13179:Franco-Prussian War 12835:Sinai and Palestine 12498:Battle of Sari Bair 12293:Battle of Gallipoli 12221:. 3 September 2018. 12153:on 1 September 2020 12145:Imperial War Museum 12051:"Death of Composer" 11912:Voyage to Gallipoli 11654:. Warwick: Helion. 11419:. 12 January 2012. 11373:Hurriyet Daily News 11166:on 4 February 2012. 10840:1999GeogJ.165...12D 10730:West, Brad (2016). 10717:on 20 February 2014 10562:. London: Penguin. 10047:. London: Phoenix. 9525:Erickson, Edward J. 8691:Hürriyet Daily News 8495:, pp. 160–271. 8106:, pp. 110–111. 8070:, pp. 83, 111. 6100:, pp. 300–304. 6088:, pp. 235–236. 6076:, pp. 226–230. 4759:Gallipoli Art Prize 4591:Anzac Day march in 4503:Armistice of Mudros 3941: 3788:Battle of the Somme 3637:36. Haubitzbatterie 3389:Battle of Lone Pine 3369:29th Indian Brigade 3295:Battle of Sari Bair 3261:Battle of Lone Pine 3253:Battle of Sari Bair 3091:29th Indian Brigade 2809:which was carrying 2635:reached the beach. 2566:1/5th Gurkha Rifles 2562:1/6th Gurkha Rifles 2558:29th Indian Brigade 2543:29th Indian Brigade 2353:) which arrived at 2222:Sanders considered 1987:was sent to rescue 1843:Grand Duke Nicholas 1520:Gallipoli peninsula 1500:Gelibolu Muharebesi 1492:Battle of Gallipoli 1416:North-West Frontier 645:Selâhattin Âdil Bey 142: / 113:Gallipoli Peninsula 14986:Adrianople vilayet 14971:Gallipoli campaign 14901:Treaty of Lausanne 14896:Gallipoli campaign 14730:Treaty of Lausanne 14645:Paris Economy Pact 14579:UK against Germany 14509:Entry into the war 14475:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 14194:Ottoman casualties 14004:Franco-Turkish War 13884:Post-War conflicts 13868:Russian Revolution 13850:Invasion of Darfur 13815:Kelantan rebellion 13803:Kurdish rebellions 13779:Mexican Revolution 13612:October Revolution 13577:Kerensky offensive 13552:Capture of Baghdad 13529:Monastir offensive 13514:Brusilov offensive 13352:Battle of Kolubara 13191:Russo-Japanese War 12334:Fighting countries 11821:. London: Osprey. 11798:Kyle, Roy (2003). 10626:. Stroud: Tempus. 10486:. Oxford: Osprey. 10140:. Oxford: Osprey. 10123:. London: Putnam. 9050:Diaries, 1915–1927 8579:, pp. 8, 117. 8519:, pp. 405–07. 8459:, pp. 168–69. 8325:Dando-Collins 2012 8226:, pp. 263–65. 7943:, pp. 297–98. 7931:, pp. 103–06. 7878:, pp. 121–22. 7830:, pp. 460–62. 7818:, pp. 393–96. 7654:, pp. 113–14. 7369:, pp. 255–56. 7232:, pp. 244–45. 7169:, pp. 155–92. 6939:, pp. 271–73. 6792:, pp. 46, 53. 6768:, pp. 169–70. 6678:, pp. 158–59. 6635:, pp. 156–57. 6620:, pp. 149–50. 6504:, pp. 137–42. 6414:, pp. 918–19. 6402:, pp. 129–30. 6378:, pp. 124–25. 6366:, pp. 122–23. 6267:, pp. 232–36. 6231:, pp. 315–16. 6124:, pp. 227–28. 5872:, pp. 154–57. 5099:, pp. 32, 38. 4752:", a 1971 song by 4682:Republic of Turkey 4651:Gallipoli Barracks 4523:Treaty of Lausanne 4462: 4459:Lone Pine Cemetery 4434:. They joined the 4399: 4372:Lone Pine Memorial 4352: 4211:returned to duty. 4164:500,000 casualties 4162:There were nearly 4153:8,709 Australians. 4117:Edward J. Erickson 3939: 3914:David Lloyd George 3890:Conservative Party 3820: 3747: 3687:30,000 casualties, 3675: 3588: 3467: 3408: 3381:Frederick Stopford 3373: 3291: 3236:Barbaros Hayreddin 3217:anti-submarine net 3147: 3095: 3022:Muâvenet-i Millîye 3010: 2987: 2935:17,000 Australians 2879: 2767: 2704: 2589: 2547: 2458: 2421: 2372: 2349:, RNAS (Commander 2309: 2253:Hans Kannengiesser 2249: 2237:60,000–62,077 men, 2212:Lieutenant Colonel 2204: 2151: 2091:Lieutenant General 2058: 1944: 1870: 1815: 1793:Kaiserliche Marine 1655:Yavûz Sultân Selîm 1599:Republic of Turkey 1575:amphibious landing 1480:Gallipoli campaign 1312:Hejaz & Levant 1018:Gallipoli campaign 856:: 250,000–315,500 839:civilian labourers 797:: 489,000–550,000 151:40.23750; 26.27750 121:Adrianople Vilayet 117:Sanjak of Gelibolu 51:Gallipoli campaign 15111:Winston Churchill 15066:Conflicts in 1916 15061:Conflicts in 1915 14924: 14923: 14796: 14795: 14779: 14778: 14763:The Golden Virgin 14757:Mutilated victory 14738: 14737: 14718:Treaty of Trianon 14713:Treaty of Neuilly 14620:Damascus Protocol 14493: 14492: 14453:Armenian genocide 14410:Allied blockades 14382:Belgian refugees 14165: 14164: 14075:Strategic bombing 14051: 14050: 14036:Franco-Syrian War 14010:Greco-Turkish War 13998:Anglo-Turkish War 13981:Polish–Soviet War 13915:German Revolution 13891:Russian Civil War 13874:Finnish Civil War 13700:Battle of Megiddo 13675:Battle of Goychay 13622:Battle of Cambrai 13582:Battle of Mărăști 13497:Battle of Jutland 13477:Erzurum offensive 13332:Siege of Przemyśl 13312:Siege of Tsingtao 13297:Battle of Galicia 13227:Second Balkan War 13215:Italo-Turkish War 13172:Pre-War conflicts 13158: 13157: 13048:Portuguese Empire 12964: 12963: 12926:German New Guinea 12908:Asian and Pacific 12653: 12652: 12493:Battle of Kumkale 12463:Battle of the Nek 12421: 12420: 11978:978-1-925275-01-8 11959:978-0-86840-189-8 11921:978-1-922013-53-8 11893:978-1-60781-964-6 11874:978-1-84351-065-9 11855:978-0-19-754520-1 11809:978-0-14-300187-4 11790:978-90-5911-758-7 11755:978-0-6489-2260-5 11734:978-1-84668-159-2 11715:978-0-8050-7617-2 11680:978-0-203-96456-9 11661:978-1-911628-92-7 11630:978-1-74175-595-4 11571:Library resources 11160:"Anzac Day Today" 10779:978-0-253-00356-0 10760:978-0-86840-569-8 10741:978-1-47245-511-6 10669:978-0-9804753-5-7 10633:978-0-7524-2551-1 10614:978-0-7146-4083-9 10595:978-0-19-821715-2 10569:978-0-14-026817-1 10550:978-0-19-555542-4 10531:978-0-19-926191-8 10512:978-0-905778-33-4 10493:978-1-84176-738-3 10474:978-0-85112-519-0 10455:978-1-78303-045-3 10436:978-1-84718-624-9 10369:978-90-04-07785-0 10350:978-0-7190-2595-2 10331:978-0-304-36698-9 10312:978-0-7553-1415-7 10293:978-975-22-0247-4 10274:978-1-4502-3689-8 10255:978-0-7735-3206-9 10224:978-1-84119-863-7 10205:978-1-85326-675-1 10166:978-0-19-558376-2 10147:978-1-84603-334-6 10111:978-1-74110-492-9 10054:978-0-297-81376-7 9998:978-1-84176-594-5 9948:978-0-9803251-6-4 9929:978-0-7325-1219-4 9910:978-1-84476-299-6 9887:978-0-19-866209-9 9865:978-0-275-98288-1 9843:978-1-84668-161-5 9824:978-0-19957-582-4 9805:978-1-55750-352-7 9786:978-0-253-35452-5 9736:978-0-7146-3495-1 9717:978-0-521-69791-0 9698:978-1-55750-308-4 9679:978-0-8050-0857-9 9655:978-1-74114-233-4 9633:978-1-74114-045-3 9597:978-0-89839-241-8 9578:978-1-137-36220-9 9540:978-0-313-31516-9 9516:978-975-288-149-5 9493:978-1-86064-112-1 9439:978-0-19-551784-2 9416:978-1-74275-573-1 9379:978-0-478-34812-5 9329:978-1-86508-634-7 9303:978-1-84342-491-8 9275:978-1-84342-489-5 9242:978-0-19-550837-6 9201:978-1-57488-709-9 9182:978-0-7329-1089-1 9160:978-0-9808140-9-5 9141:978-0-87021-061-7 9122:978-1-59797-496-7 9100:978-0-670-04085-8 9087:Broadbent, Harvey 9078:978-0-7322-6703-2 9059:978-3-205-99137-3 9036:978-1-871167-00-9 8927:978-0-9758353-2-6 8908:978-0-89839-175-6 8694:. 17 March 2017. 8627:, pp. 37–42. 8399:, pp. 64–67. 8037:. 6 December 2019 7630:, pp. 76–78. 7591:, pp. 11–12. 7292:, pp. 76–77. 7256:, pp. 48–50. 6012:, pp. 50–53. 5782:, pp. 73–74. 5469:, pp. 44–45. 5430:, pp. 33–34. 5353:, pp. 11–12. 5317:, pp. 42–43. 5260:, pp. 27–28. 5188:, pp. 22–25. 5152:, pp. 19–23. 5024:, pp. 16–17. 4988:, pp. 94–95. 4914:, pp. 42–43. 4871:110 who were sick 4733:The Water Diviner 4497:and the northern 4338:Battles of Gaza. 4113: 4112: 3875:Political effects 3824:Normandy Landings 3715:Fokker Eindeckers 3495:Battle of Hill 60 3463:Australian troops 3439:on 7 August, the 3341:with Farmans and 3269:Battle of the Nek 3239:with the loss of 3126:according to the 2966:was organised by 2884:1,000 casualties. 2781:safe diving depth 2754:1,000 casualties. 2721:3,000 casualties. 2719:having inflicted 2698:, 1922 shows the 2667:who landed, just 2159:Italo-Turkish War 1972:struck mines and 1823:Winston Churchill 1761:had evolved into 1757:in Flanders. The 1674:Caucasus campaign 1584:Winston Churchill 1473: 1472: 1341:South West Africa 1164: 1163: 983: 982: 830: 657:Mustafa Kemal Bey 549:Mehmed Esad Pasha 459:Winston Churchill 423:Herbert Kitchener 362: 329: 169: 168: 82:from the deck of 16:(Redirected from 15118: 14953: 14952: 14951: 14941: 14940: 14939: 14932: 14830:Straits Question 14823: 14816: 14809: 14800: 14799: 14723:Treaty of Sèvres 14615:Treaty of London 14506: 14505: 14284:Northeast France 14215: 14214: 14187:Parliamentarians 14120: 14119: 14082:Chemical weapons 14060: 14059: 13821:Senussi campaign 13791:Muscat rebellion 13785:Maritz rebellion 13753: 13695:Vardar offensive 13524:Battle of Romani 13492:Battle of Asiago 13482:Battle of Verdun 13446:Kosovo offensive 13221:First Balkan War 13169: 13168: 13068:Russian Republic 12977: 12976: 12771: 12770: 12713:Economic history 12680: 12673: 12666: 12657: 12656: 12551:Krithia Vineyard 12338: 12337: 12286: 12279: 12272: 12263: 12262: 12258: 12241: 12240: 12234: 12222: 12214: 12209:. Archived from 12198: 12186: 12184: 12182: 12177:on 19 April 2014 12173:. Archived from 12162: 12160: 12158: 12149:. Archived from 12126: 12124: 12122: 12098: 12096: 12094: 12072: 12070: 12068: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12030:Daily Advertiser 12013: 12011: 12009: 11982: 11963: 11944: 11925: 11906: 11897: 11878: 11859: 11840: 11813: 11800:An Anzac's Story 11794: 11771: 11769: 11767: 11758:. Archived from 11738: 11719: 11707: 11693: 11684: 11665: 11646: 11644: 11642: 11613: 11554: 11552: 11550: 11529: 11527: 11525: 11505: 11503: 11501: 11492:. Archived from 11480: 11478: 11476: 11456: 11454: 11452: 11432: 11430: 11428: 11408: 11406: 11404: 11388: 11386: 11384: 11363: 11361: 11359: 11338: 11336: 11334: 11317:Hammer, Joshua. 11313: 11311: 11309: 11292: 11290: 11288: 11268: 11266: 11264: 11244: 11242: 11240: 11234: 11223: 11214: 11212: 11210: 11201:. Archived from 11190: 11188: 11186: 11176: 11167: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11146:on 13 March 2013 11145: 11138: 11120: 11118: 11116: 11089: 11087: 11085: 11080:on 12 March 2017 11079: 11073:. Archived from 11056: 11046: 11009: 10978:The RUSI Journal 10972: 10955: 10938: 10921: 10884: 10867: 10813: 10811: 10809: 10783: 10764: 10745: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10713:. Archived from 10693: 10673: 10654: 10637: 10618: 10599: 10587: 10573: 10554: 10535: 10516: 10497: 10478: 10459: 10440: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10390: 10373: 10354: 10335: 10316: 10297: 10278: 10259: 10237: 10228: 10209: 10187: 10170: 10151: 10132: 10115: 10093: 10091: 10089: 10058: 10039: 10022: 10002: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9952: 9933: 9914: 9902: 9891: 9869: 9847: 9828: 9809: 9790: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9740: 9721: 9702: 9683: 9659: 9637: 9618: 9601: 9582: 9563: 9544: 9520: 9497: 9485: 9474: 9472: 9470: 9443: 9420: 9401: 9399: 9397: 9383: 9364: 9362: 9360: 9333: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9293:Naval Operations 9286: 9284: 9282: 9265:Naval Operations 9246: 9224: 9205: 9186: 9164: 9145: 9126: 9104: 9082: 9063: 9040: 9017: 9015: 9013: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8948: 8931: 8912: 8893: 8869: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8822: 8816: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8792: 8786: 8780: 8774: 8768: 8762: 8756: 8750: 8744: 8738: 8732: 8726: 8720: 8714: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8682: 8676: 8670: 8664: 8658: 8652: 8646: 8640: 8634: 8628: 8622: 8616: 8610: 8604: 8598: 8592: 8586: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8562: 8556: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8532: 8526: 8520: 8514: 8508: 8502: 8496: 8490: 8484: 8478: 8472: 8466: 8460: 8454: 8448: 8442: 8436: 8430: 8424: 8418: 8412: 8406: 8400: 8394: 8388: 8382: 8376: 8370: 8364: 8358: 8352: 8346: 8340: 8334: 8328: 8322: 8316: 8310: 8304: 8298: 8292: 8286: 8280: 8274: 8268: 8267:, pp. 9–10. 8262: 8256: 8250: 8244: 8238: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8209: 8203: 8197: 8191: 8185: 8179: 8173: 8167: 8161: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8065: 8059: 8053: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8027: 8021: 8015: 8004: 7998: 7992: 7986: 7971: 7965: 7956: 7950: 7944: 7938: 7932: 7926: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7891: 7885: 7879: 7873: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7843: 7837: 7831: 7825: 7819: 7813: 7807: 7801: 7792: 7786: 7775: 7769: 7763: 7757: 7751: 7745: 7739: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7691: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7667: 7661: 7655: 7649: 7643: 7637: 7631: 7625: 7619: 7613: 7607: 7601: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7570: 7564: 7554: 7548: 7538: 7532: 7526: 7520: 7514: 7508: 7502: 7496: 7490: 7484: 7478: 7469: 7463: 7452: 7446: 7440: 7434: 7428: 7422: 7409: 7403: 7394: 7388: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7358: 7352: 7346: 7343:Ben-Gavriel 1999 7340: 7334: 7328: 7317: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7215: 7206: 7200: 7194: 7188: 7182: 7176: 7170: 7164: 7158: 7152: 7146: 7140: 7134: 7128: 7119: 7113: 7107: 7101: 7095: 7089: 7080: 7074: 7068: 7062: 7053: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7029: 7023: 7017: 7011: 7005: 7004: 6995: 6993: 6973: 6967: 6961: 6952: 6946: 6940: 6934: 6928: 6922: 6916: 6910: 6904: 6898: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6874: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6850: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6814: 6808: 6802: 6793: 6787: 6781: 6775: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6751: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6662: 6642: 6636: 6630: 6621: 6615: 6609: 6603: 6597: 6591: 6585: 6579: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6538: 6532: 6526: 6517: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6490: 6484: 6478: 6472: 6466: 6460: 6454: 6448: 6439: 6433: 6427: 6421: 6415: 6409: 6403: 6397: 6391: 6385: 6379: 6373: 6367: 6361: 6355: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6331: 6325: 6319: 6313: 6307: 6301: 6295: 6289: 6283: 6277: 6268: 6262: 6256: 6250: 6244: 6238: 6232: 6226: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6202: 6191: 6185: 6179: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6142: 6136: 6125: 6119: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6083: 6077: 6071: 6065: 6059: 6044: 6038: 6025: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5858: 5852: 5849: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5732: 5726: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5702: 5696: 5690: 5684: 5678: 5667: 5661: 5655: 5649: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5581: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5539: 5533: 5527: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5482: 5476: 5470: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5440: 5431: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5377: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5336: 5330: 5329:, pp. 9–10. 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5285: 5279: 5273: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5249: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5071: 5065: 5044: 5038: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4998:Kernosovsky 1938 4995: 4989: 4983: 4974: 4971:Kernosovsky 1938 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4909: 4900: 4890: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4847: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4812: 4806: 4803:Norfolk Regiment 4799: 4793: 4786: 4780: 4776: 4628: 4604: 4588: 4576: 4466:British yeomanry 4441: 4432:Archibald Murray 4428: 4369: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4293: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4247:, dysentery and 4229: 4225: 4221: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4174:205,000 British, 4165: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4133:Ottoman Archives 4130: 4126: 4122: 4097:Total (Entente) 3942: 3938: 3836:between the wars 3808:Battle of Romani 3776:troop transports 3718: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3662: 3645: 3639: 3582:Troops from the 3573:Vardar Macedonia 3569:Macedonian front 3561:Serbian campaign 3505: 3500: 3480: 3431: 3427: 3414: 3394: 3352: 3332: 3328: 3316: 3300: 3247:August offensive 3242: 3203: 3199: 3198:9,000 casualties 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3182:2,500 casualties 3179: 3133: 3132:10,000 according 3125: 3124:9,000 casualties 3121: 3117: 3116:2,000 casualties 3113: 3109: 3105: 3070: 3067: 2956:stretcher bearer 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2885: 2865: 2857: 2849: 2812: 2793: 2755: 2738: 2733: 2722: 2718: 2708:counter-attacked 2702:, 25 April 1915. 2670: 2666: 2657: 2653: 2634: 2630: 2498: 2494: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2385: 2380:Alexander Godley 2331:Bernard Freyberg 2238: 2068: 2063:Sir Ian Hamilton 1949: 1919:Sackville Carden 1853:Naval operations 1796: 1759:war of manoeuvre 1664:, conducted the 1513: 1511:Çanakkale Savaşı 1507: 1202: 1191: 1184: 1177: 1168: 1167: 1065:Krithia Vineyard 1032:Naval operations 1021: 1019: 1009: 1002: 995: 986: 985: 961: 960: 936: 935: 921: 920: 904: 903: 885: 884: 865: 862: 851: 846: 838: 835: 826: 821: 818: 812: 809: 792: 787: 767: 766: 756: 755: 744: 742: 741: 732: 731: 713: 712: 691: 690: 681:Yakub Shevki Bey 679: 678: 667: 666: 655: 654: 643: 642: 631: 630: 619: 618: 609:Cafer Tayyar Bey 607: 606: 595: 594: 583: 582: 573:Çolak Faik Pasha 571: 570: 559: 558: 547: 546: 535: 534: 525:Otto von Sanders 523: 522: 511: 510: 493: 492: 483:Maurice Bailloud 481: 480: 469: 468: 457: 456: 447:William Birdwood 445: 444: 433: 432: 421: 420: 409: 408: 390: 386: 384: 383: 376: 372: 370: 369: 358: 356: 352: 350: 349: 338: 336: 335: 325: 318: 317: 316: 306: 305: 304: 294: 293: 292: 283: 282: 281: 277: 275: 274: 260: 256: 254: 253: 245: 241: 239: 238: 230: 229: 225: 223: 222: 213: 209: 207: 206: 196: 195: 191: 189: 188: 157: 156: 154: 153: 152: 147: 143: 140: 139: 138: 135: 95: 94: 72: 48: 47: 21: 15126: 15125: 15121: 15120: 15119: 15117: 15116: 15115: 14961: 14960: 14959: 14949: 14947: 14937: 14935: 14927: 14925: 14920: 14832: 14827: 14797: 14792: 14775: 14734: 14666: 14659: 14630:Treaty of Darin 14598: 14560: 14516:Austria-Hungary 14502: 14489: 14470:Rape of Belgium 14397: 14369: 14317: 14311:Western Armenia 14306:Eastern Galicia 14239: 14213: 14177: 14176:Civilian impact 14175: 14161: 14118: 14047: 13879: 13809:Ovambo Uprising 13761: 13747: 13636: 13538: 13465: 13383:Battle of Łomża 13366: 13362:Christmas truce 13337:Race to the Sea 13270: 13232: 13154: 13125:Austria-Hungary 13101: 13036:Empire of Japan 12973: 12971: 12960: 12944:U-boat campaign 12930: 12902: 12864: 12816: 12762: 12743:Popular culture 12689: 12684: 12654: 12649: 12606: 12573: 12555: 12517: 12448:Bloody Struggle 12417: 12364: 12360:Austria-Hungary 12329: 12313: 12295: 12290: 12253: 12244:Gallipoli Diary 12238: 12225: 12217: 12213:on 8 June 2013. 12201: 12189: 12180: 12178: 12165: 12156: 12154: 12141: 12133: 12120: 12118: 12108: 12105: 12092: 12090: 12066: 12064: 12040: 12038: 12020: 12007: 12005: 11985: 11979: 11966: 11960: 11947: 11941: 11928: 11922: 11909: 11900: 11894: 11881: 11875: 11862: 11856: 11829: 11816: 11810: 11797: 11791: 11774: 11765: 11763: 11756: 11735: 11722: 11716: 11698:Gilbert, Martin 11696: 11687: 11681: 11668: 11662: 11640: 11638: 11631: 11616: 11599: 11596: 11595: 11594: 11579: 11578: 11574: 11567: 11562: 11560:Further reading 11557: 11548: 11546: 11523: 11521: 11499: 11497: 11474: 11472: 11450: 11448: 11426: 11424: 11402: 11400: 11382: 11380: 11357: 11355: 11332: 11330: 11307: 11305: 11286: 11284: 11271: 11262: 11260: 11238: 11236: 11232: 11221: 11208: 11206: 11205:on 12 July 2007 11184: 11182: 11174: 11149: 11147: 11143: 11136: 11128: 11123: 11114: 11112: 11097: 11092: 11083: 11081: 11077: 11054: 10902:10.2307/2677626 10896:(4): 981–1012. 10848:10.2307/3060508 10821: 10816: 10807: 10805: 10795: 10791: 10786: 10780: 10761: 10742: 10720: 10718: 10670: 10634: 10615: 10596: 10570: 10551: 10532: 10513: 10494: 10475: 10456: 10437: 10415: 10413: 10370: 10351: 10332: 10313: 10294: 10275: 10256: 10225: 10206: 10192:Moorehead, Alan 10167: 10148: 10112: 10087: 10085: 10055: 9999: 9977: 9975: 9949: 9930: 9911: 9888: 9874:Holmes, Richard 9866: 9844: 9825: 9806: 9787: 9765: 9763: 9737: 9718: 9699: 9680: 9656: 9634: 9598: 9579: 9560: 9541: 9517: 9494: 9468: 9466: 9440: 9424:Dennis, Peter; 9417: 9395: 9393: 9384: 9380: 9358: 9356: 9336: 9330: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9280: 9278: 9276: 9243: 9221: 9202: 9183: 9161: 9142: 9123: 9101: 9079: 9060: 9037: 9011: 9009: 8980: 8978: 8928: 8909: 8862: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8835: 8831: 8823: 8819: 8811: 8807: 8799: 8795: 8791:, pp. 6–7. 8787: 8783: 8775: 8771: 8763: 8759: 8751: 8747: 8739: 8735: 8727: 8723: 8715: 8711: 8701: 8699: 8684: 8683: 8679: 8671: 8667: 8661:Anzac Day Today 8659: 8655: 8647: 8643: 8635: 8631: 8623: 8619: 8611: 8607: 8599: 8595: 8587: 8583: 8575: 8571: 8563: 8559: 8551: 8547: 8539: 8535: 8527: 8523: 8515: 8511: 8503: 8499: 8491: 8487: 8479: 8475: 8467: 8463: 8455: 8451: 8443: 8439: 8431: 8427: 8419: 8415: 8407: 8403: 8395: 8391: 8383: 8379: 8371: 8367: 8359: 8355: 8347: 8343: 8335: 8331: 8323: 8319: 8311: 8307: 8299: 8295: 8287: 8283: 8275: 8271: 8263: 8259: 8251: 8247: 8239: 8230: 8222: 8218: 8210: 8206: 8198: 8194: 8186: 8182: 8174: 8170: 8162: 8158: 8154:, p. 1009. 8150: 8146: 8138: 8134: 8126: 8122: 8114: 8110: 8102: 8098: 8090: 8086: 8078: 8074: 8066: 8062: 8054: 8050: 8040: 8038: 8029: 8028: 8024: 8016: 8007: 7999: 7995: 7987: 7974: 7968:NZ History 2016 7966: 7959: 7951: 7947: 7939: 7935: 7927: 7923: 7915: 7911: 7903: 7894: 7886: 7882: 7874: 7870: 7862: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7838: 7834: 7826: 7822: 7814: 7810: 7802: 7795: 7787: 7778: 7770: 7766: 7758: 7754: 7746: 7742: 7734: 7730: 7722: 7718: 7710: 7706: 7698: 7694: 7686: 7682: 7674: 7670: 7662: 7658: 7650: 7646: 7638: 7634: 7626: 7622: 7614: 7610: 7602: 7595: 7587: 7583: 7571: 7567: 7555: 7551: 7539: 7535: 7527: 7523: 7515: 7511: 7503: 7499: 7491: 7487: 7479: 7472: 7464: 7455: 7447: 7443: 7435: 7431: 7423: 7412: 7404: 7397: 7389: 7385: 7377: 7373: 7365: 7361: 7353: 7349: 7341: 7337: 7329: 7320: 7312: 7308: 7300: 7296: 7288: 7284: 7276: 7272: 7264: 7260: 7252: 7248: 7240: 7236: 7228: 7224: 7216: 7209: 7201: 7197: 7189: 7185: 7177: 7173: 7165: 7161: 7153: 7149: 7141: 7137: 7129: 7122: 7114: 7110: 7102: 7098: 7090: 7083: 7075: 7071: 7063: 7056: 7048: 7044: 7036: 7032: 7024: 7020: 7012: 7008: 6991: 6989: 6974: 6970: 6962: 6955: 6947: 6943: 6935: 6931: 6923: 6919: 6911: 6907: 6899: 6895: 6887: 6883: 6875: 6871: 6863: 6859: 6851: 6847: 6839: 6835: 6827: 6823: 6815: 6811: 6803: 6796: 6788: 6784: 6776: 6772: 6764: 6760: 6752: 6745: 6737: 6733: 6725: 6721: 6713: 6706: 6698: 6694: 6686: 6682: 6674: 6670: 6660: 6658: 6643: 6639: 6631: 6624: 6616: 6612: 6604: 6600: 6592: 6588: 6580: 6571: 6563: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6539: 6535: 6527: 6520: 6512: 6508: 6500: 6493: 6485: 6481: 6473: 6469: 6461: 6457: 6449: 6442: 6434: 6430: 6422: 6418: 6410: 6406: 6398: 6394: 6386: 6382: 6374: 6370: 6362: 6358: 6350: 6346: 6338: 6334: 6326: 6322: 6314: 6310: 6302: 6298: 6290: 6286: 6278: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6251: 6247: 6239: 6235: 6227: 6223: 6215: 6211: 6203: 6194: 6186: 6182: 6174: 6170: 6162: 6145: 6137: 6128: 6120: 6116: 6108: 6104: 6096: 6092: 6084: 6080: 6072: 6068: 6060: 6047: 6039: 6028: 6020: 6016: 6008: 6004: 5996: 5992: 5984: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5948: 5939: 5931: 5927: 5919: 5915: 5907: 5903: 5895: 5891: 5883: 5876: 5868: 5864: 5859: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5826: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5802: 5798: 5790: 5786: 5778: 5774: 5766: 5762: 5754: 5750: 5742: 5735: 5727: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5691: 5687: 5679: 5670: 5662: 5658: 5650: 5646: 5638: 5634: 5626: 5613: 5605: 5601: 5593: 5584: 5576: 5572: 5564: 5560: 5552: 5548: 5540: 5536: 5528: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5501: 5497: 5489: 5485: 5477: 5473: 5465: 5461: 5453: 5449: 5441: 5434: 5426: 5422: 5414: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5378: 5369: 5361: 5357: 5349: 5345: 5337: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5313: 5309: 5301: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5268: 5264: 5256: 5252: 5244: 5240: 5232: 5228: 5220: 5216: 5208: 5204: 5196: 5192: 5184: 5180: 5172: 5168: 5160: 5156: 5148: 5144: 5136: 5132: 5124: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5095: 5091: 5083: 5074: 5066: 5047: 5041:Clodfelter 2017 5039: 5028: 5020: 5016: 5008: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4977: 4965: 4961: 4953: 4949: 4941: 4930: 4922: 4918: 4910: 4903: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4877: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4855:7th Light Horse 4848: 4844: 4838: 4834: 4813: 4809: 4800: 4796: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4773: 4768: 4704: 4684:after the war. 4644: 4629: 4620: 4605: 4596: 4589: 4580: 4577: 4561:Remembrance Day 4553:Sydney Cenotaph 4537: 4531: 4489:. The Egyptian 4439: 4421: 4388:Helles Memorial 4367: 4344: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4296:rheumatic fever 4291: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4257:145,154 British 4256: 4252: 4237: 4227: 4223: 4220:251,000 Ottoman 4219: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4181:251,000 Ottoman 4180: 4176: 4173: 4163: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4120: 3968: 3957: 3955: 3937: 3931: 3921:but not to the 3909:early in 1916. 3877: 3847:Russell Weigley 3844: 3736: 3730: 3725: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3671:W Beach, Helles 3660: 3565:Greek Macedonia 3540: 3503: 3498: 3478: 3429: 3425: 3412: 3404:Leslie Morshead 3392: 3350: 3330: 3326: 3314: 3298: 3279: 3251:Main articles: 3249: 3240: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3114:and the French 3111: 3107: 3103: 3083: 3068: 2976:Christmas truce 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2927: 2921: 2883: 2863: 2855: 2847: 2840: 2810: 2791: 2753: 2752:suffered about 2736: 2731: 2728:Archibald Paris 2720: 2716: 2683: 2678: 2668: 2665:1,012 Dubliners 2664: 2655: 2651: 2632: 2628: 2574:Zion Mule Corps 2535: 2529: 2496: 2492: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2419:, 25 April 1915 2383: 2376:William Bridges 2364: 2301: 2293:Main articles: 2291: 2236: 2193: 2066: 2065:to command the 2046: 2040: 2035: 2015:Queen Elizabeth 1947: 1936: 1883:Queen Elizabeth 1861: 1855: 1831:High Seas Fleet 1819:Aristide Briand 1771:Austria-Hungary 1729:and the French 1686: 1650: 1642:Main articles: 1640: 1635: 1623:Remembrance Day 1588:Ottoman victory 1548:Ottoman straits 1516:First World War 1476: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1165: 1160: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1013: 976: 973: 971: 969: 967: 965: 963:Ottoman Empire: 955: 945: 942: 940: 930: 929: 927: 925: 915: 914: 912: 910: 908: 898: 897: 895: 894:78,749 wounded, 893: 891: 889: 887:British Empire: 879: 863: 852: 849: 847: 844: 836: 831: 819: 810: 793: 790: 788: 785: 761: 760: 750: 739: 737: 736: 726: 725: 721: 717: 707: 697: 685: 673: 661: 649: 637: 625: 621:Ahmet Fevzi Bey 613: 601: 589: 577: 565: 553: 541: 529: 517: 505: 499: 495:Émile Guépratte 487: 475: 463: 451: 439: 427: 415: 403: 388:Austria-Hungary 381: 379: 377: 367: 365: 363: 357: 347: 345: 333: 331: 330: 324: 314: 312: 302: 300: 290: 288: 285: 284: 272: 270: 268: 267: 263: 251: 249: 248: 236: 234: 220: 218: 216: 204: 202: 198: 197: 186: 184: 182: 165:Ottoman victory 150: 148: 144: 141: 136: 133: 131: 129: 128: 127: 102: 73: 62:First World War 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15124: 15114: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14958: 14957: 14945: 14922: 14921: 14919: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14837: 14834: 14833: 14826: 14825: 14818: 14811: 14803: 14794: 14793: 14791: 14790: 14784: 14781: 14780: 14777: 14776: 14774: 14773: 14766: 14759: 14754: 14746: 14744: 14740: 14739: 14736: 14735: 14733: 14732: 14727: 14726: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14695: 14690: 14689: 14688: 14683: 14675: 14669: 14667: 14665:Peace treaties 14664: 14661: 14660: 14658: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14606: 14604: 14600: 14599: 14597: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14570: 14568: 14562: 14561: 14559: 14558: 14553: 14551:United Kingdom 14548: 14543: 14541:Ottoman Empire 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14512: 14510: 14503: 14498: 14495: 14494: 14491: 14490: 14488: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14466: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14445: 14443:Sack of Dinant 14440: 14435: 14430: 14429: 14428: 14423: 14422: 14421: 14407: 14405: 14399: 14398: 14396: 14395: 14394: 14393: 14391:United Kingdom 14388: 14379: 14377: 14371: 14370: 14368: 14367: 14366: 14365: 14360: 14351: 14345:POW locations 14343: 14338: 14337: 14336: 14327: 14325: 14319: 14318: 14316: 14315: 14314: 14313: 14308: 14300: 14295: 14294: 14293: 14286: 14281: 14276: 14268: 14267: 14266: 14261: 14253: 14247: 14245: 14241: 14240: 14238: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14221: 14219: 14212: 14211: 14210: 14209: 14204: 14196: 14191: 14190: 14189: 14180: 14178: 14170: 14167: 14166: 14163: 14162: 14160: 14159: 14154: 14153: 14152: 14145:United Kingdom 14142: 14140:Ottoman Empire 14137: 14132: 14126: 14124: 14117: 14116: 14114:Trench warfare 14111: 14110: 14109: 14099: 14094: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14078: 14077: 14066: 14064: 14057: 14053: 14052: 14049: 14048: 14046: 14045: 14039: 14033: 14027: 14021: 14020: 14019: 14013: 14007: 14001: 13990: 13984: 13978: 13972: 13966: 13960: 13954: 13948: 13942: 13936: 13930: 13924: 13918: 13912: 13906: 13900: 13894: 13887: 13885: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13877: 13871: 13865: 13859: 13853: 13847: 13841: 13835: 13830: 13827:Volta-Bani War 13824: 13818: 13812: 13806: 13800: 13794: 13788: 13782: 13776: 13769: 13767: 13763: 13762: 13760: 13759: 13754: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13665:Zeebrugge Raid 13662: 13657: 13652: 13646: 13644: 13638: 13637: 13635: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13548: 13546: 13540: 13539: 13537: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13510: 13509: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13473: 13471: 13467: 13466: 13464: 13463: 13458: 13456:Battle of Loos 13453: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13374: 13372: 13368: 13367: 13365: 13364: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13347:Black Sea raid 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13278: 13276: 13272: 13271: 13269: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13252: 13251: 13249:Historiography 13240: 13238: 13234: 13233: 13231: 13230: 13224: 13218: 13212: 13206: 13203:Bosnian Crisis 13200: 13197:Tangier Crisis 13194: 13188: 13182: 13175: 13173: 13166: 13160: 13159: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13130:Ottoman Empire 13127: 13122: 13117: 13111: 13109: 13107:Central Powers 13103: 13102: 13100: 13099: 13094: 13093: 13092: 13090:British Empire 13085:United Kingdom 13082: 13077: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13065: 13063:Russian Empire 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13039: 13038: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13017: 13016: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12985: 12983: 12981:Entente Powers 12974: 12969: 12966: 12965: 12962: 12961: 12959: 12958: 12953: 12952: 12951: 12949:North Atlantic 12940: 12938: 12932: 12931: 12929: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12912: 12910: 12904: 12903: 12901: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12874: 12872: 12866: 12865: 12863: 12862: 12860:Central Arabia 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12826: 12824: 12822:Middle Eastern 12818: 12817: 12815: 12814: 12809: 12808: 12807: 12797: 12792: 12791: 12790: 12779: 12777: 12768: 12764: 12763: 12761: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12723:Historiography 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12694: 12691: 12690: 12683: 12682: 12675: 12668: 12660: 12651: 12650: 12648: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12616: 12614: 12608: 12607: 12605: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12592:3rd Anzac Cove 12589: 12587:2nd Anzac Cove 12583: 12581: 12579:1st Anzac Cove 12575: 12574: 12572: 12571: 12565: 12563: 12557: 12556: 12554: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12527: 12525: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12429: 12427: 12423: 12422: 12419: 12418: 12416: 12415: 12413:Russian Empire 12410: 12405: 12403:United Kingdom 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12378:British Empire 12374: 12372: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12350:Ottoman Empire 12346: 12344: 12342:Central Powers 12335: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12327: 12321: 12319: 12315: 12314: 12312: 12311: 12306: 12300: 12297: 12296: 12289: 12288: 12281: 12274: 12266: 12260: 12259: 12251: 12235: 12223: 12215: 12199: 12187: 12163: 12139: 12132: 12131:External links 12129: 12128: 12127: 12104: 12101: 12100: 12099: 12073: 12047: 12019: 12016: 12015: 12014: 11983: 11977: 11964: 11958: 11945: 11940:978-0300124408 11939: 11926: 11920: 11907: 11898: 11892: 11879: 11873: 11860: 11854: 11841: 11827: 11814: 11808: 11795: 11789: 11772: 11762:on 14 May 2021 11754: 11739: 11733: 11720: 11714: 11694: 11685: 11679: 11666: 11660: 11647: 11629: 11614: 11593: 11592: 11587: 11581: 11580: 11569: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11555: 11533:Wilson, Ross. 11530: 11506: 11496:on 15 May 2015 11481: 11457: 11433: 11409: 11389: 11364: 11339: 11314: 11293: 11269: 11245: 11215: 11191: 11168: 11156: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11121: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11090: 11047: 11015:War in History 11010: 10973: 10956: 10939: 10922: 10885: 10868: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10814: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10784: 10778: 10765: 10759: 10746: 10740: 10727: 10694: 10674: 10668: 10655: 10638: 10632: 10624:Gallipoli 1915 10619: 10613: 10600: 10594: 10574: 10568: 10555: 10549: 10536: 10530: 10517: 10511: 10498: 10492: 10479: 10473: 10460: 10454: 10441: 10435: 10422: 10391: 10374: 10368: 10355: 10349: 10336: 10330: 10317: 10311: 10298: 10292: 10279: 10273: 10260: 10254: 10238: 10229: 10223: 10210: 10204: 10188: 10171: 10165: 10152: 10146: 10133: 10116: 10110: 10094: 10059: 10053: 10040: 10023: 10011:Suez to Aleppo 10007:Keogh, Eustace 10003: 9997: 9984: 9953: 9947: 9934: 9928: 9915: 9909: 9892: 9886: 9876:, ed. (2001). 9870: 9864: 9848: 9842: 9829: 9823: 9810: 9804: 9791: 9785: 9772: 9741: 9735: 9722: 9716: 9703: 9697: 9684: 9678: 9664:Fromkin, David 9660: 9654: 9638: 9632: 9619: 9602: 9596: 9583: 9577: 9564: 9559:978-1783461660 9558: 9545: 9539: 9521: 9515: 9498: 9492: 9475: 9444: 9438: 9421: 9415: 9402: 9378: 9365: 9334: 9328: 9315: 9302: 9287: 9274: 9260:Corbett, J. S. 9256: 9247: 9241: 9225: 9220:978-0786474707 9219: 9206: 9200: 9187: 9181: 9165: 9159: 9146: 9140: 9127: 9121: 9105: 9099: 9083: 9077: 9064: 9058: 9041: 9035: 9018: 8987: 8949: 8932: 8926: 8913: 8907: 8894: 8870: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8841: 8829: 8817: 8805: 8793: 8781: 8769: 8767:, p. 426. 8757: 8745: 8733: 8731:, p. 103. 8721: 8709: 8677: 8665: 8653: 8641: 8639:, p. 278. 8637:Broadbent 2005 8629: 8617: 8605: 8593: 8591:, p. 103. 8581: 8569: 8567:, p. 260. 8557: 8545: 8543:, p. 345. 8533: 8531:, p. 274. 8521: 8509: 8497: 8485: 8483:, p. 121. 8473: 8461: 8449: 8437: 8425: 8413: 8401: 8389: 8387:, p. 155. 8377: 8375:, p. 905. 8365: 8353: 8351:, p. 229. 8341: 8329: 8317: 8305: 8293: 8281: 8269: 8257: 8245: 8228: 8216: 8204: 8202:, p. 327. 8192: 8180: 8178:, p. 278. 8168: 8156: 8152:Erickson 2001b 8144: 8132: 8130:, p. 206. 8120: 8118:, p. 296. 8108: 8096: 8094:, p. 100. 8084: 8072: 8060: 8058:, p. 531. 8048: 8022: 8020:, p. 549. 8005: 7993: 7991:, p. 484. 7972: 7957: 7945: 7933: 7921: 7919:, p. 384. 7917:Neillands 2004 7909: 7907:, p. 203. 7892: 7890:, p. 270. 7888:Broadbent 2005 7880: 7876:Stevenson 2005 7868: 7866:, p. 180. 7856: 7854:, p. 454. 7844: 7832: 7820: 7808: 7793: 7776: 7774:, p. 117. 7764: 7762:, p. 127. 7760:Erickson 2001a 7752: 7750:, p. 210. 7740: 7728: 7716: 7704: 7692: 7680: 7678:, p. 259. 7676:Neillands 2004 7668: 7664:Broadbent 2005 7656: 7644: 7640:O'Connell 2010 7632: 7628:O'Connell 2010 7620: 7608: 7606:, p. 268. 7604:Broadbent 2005 7593: 7581: 7575:, p. 15; 7565: 7559:, p. 90; 7549: 7547:, p. 518. 7541:Broadbent 2005 7533: 7531:, p. 255. 7521: 7519:, p. 478. 7509: 7497: 7495:, p. 480. 7493:Nicholson 2007 7485: 7483:, p. 126. 7470: 7468:, p. 266. 7466:Broadbent 2005 7453: 7451:, p. 526. 7441: 7437:Erickson 2001a 7429: 7410: 7395: 7393:, p. 208. 7383: 7381:, p. 260. 7379:Broadbent 2005 7371: 7367:Broadbent 2005 7359: 7355:Broadbent 2005 7347: 7345:, p. 258. 7335: 7318: 7314:Broadbent 2005 7306: 7304:, p. 387. 7294: 7290:O'Connell 2010 7282: 7278:O'Connell 2010 7270: 7268:, p. 919. 7258: 7246: 7244:, p. 515. 7234: 7230:Broadbent 2005 7222: 7207: 7205:, p. 314. 7195: 7193:, p. 158. 7191:Moorehead 1997 7183: 7181:, p. 376. 7171: 7167:Nicholson 2007 7159: 7157:, p. 147. 7147: 7135: 7133:, p. 232. 7131:Broadbent 2005 7120: 7108: 7106:, p. 442. 7096: 7094:, p. 110. 7081: 7079:, p. 109. 7069: 7067:, p. 197. 7054: 7052:, p. 112. 7042: 7030: 7028:, p. 273. 7018: 7006: 6968: 6966:, p. 191. 6964:Broadbent 2005 6953: 6941: 6929: 6927:, p. 344. 6917: 6915:, p. 190. 6913:Broadbent 2005 6905: 6901:O'Connell 2010 6893: 6881: 6879:, p. 119. 6869: 6867:, p. 387. 6857: 6855:, p. 103. 6845: 6843:, p. 111. 6833: 6821: 6809: 6794: 6782: 6780:, p. 170. 6778:Broadbent 2005 6770: 6766:Broadbent 2005 6758: 6754:Erickson 2001a 6743: 6741:, p. 918. 6731: 6727:O'Connell 2010 6719: 6717:, p. 113. 6704: 6702:, p. 165. 6700:Broadbent 2005 6692: 6680: 6668: 6637: 6633:Broadbent 2005 6622: 6618:Broadbent 2005 6610: 6608:, p. 161. 6598: 6596:, p. 154. 6594:Broadbent 2005 6586: 6582:Erickson 2001a 6569: 6557: 6555:, p. 149. 6553:Broadbent 2005 6545: 6543:, p. 148. 6541:Broadbent 2005 6533: 6518: 6516:, p. 143. 6514:Broadbent 2005 6506: 6502:Broadbent 2005 6491: 6489:, p. 137. 6487:Broadbent 2005 6479: 6475:Broadbent 2005 6467: 6465:, p. 134. 6463:Broadbent 2005 6455: 6451:O'Connell 2010 6440: 6438:, p. 327. 6428: 6424:McCartney 2008 6416: 6404: 6400:Broadbent 2005 6392: 6388:Broadbent 2005 6380: 6376:Broadbent 2005 6368: 6364:Broadbent 2005 6356: 6354:, p. 121. 6352:Broadbent 2005 6344: 6342:, p. 192. 6332: 6320: 6318:, p. 232. 6308: 6306:, p. 318. 6296: 6292:Erickson 2001a 6284: 6280:Erickson 2001a 6269: 6257: 6255:, p. 102. 6253:Broadbent 2005 6245: 6233: 6221: 6217:Broadbent 2005 6209: 6192: 6190:, p. 119. 6180: 6178:, p. 242. 6168: 6143: 6141:, p. 228. 6126: 6114: 6112:, p. 227. 6102: 6090: 6078: 6066: 6064:, p. 102. 6045: 6026: 6014: 6002: 6000:, p. 195. 5990: 5978: 5976:, p. 108. 5974:Broadbent 2005 5966: 5962:Broadbent 2005 5954: 5952:, p. 189. 5950:Stevenson 2007 5937: 5933:Broadbent 2005 5925: 5921:Broadbent 2005 5913: 5901: 5897:Broadbent 2005 5889: 5874: 5862: 5853: 5844: 5832: 5830:, p. 154. 5820: 5808: 5796: 5794:, p. 179. 5784: 5772: 5770:, p. 121. 5760: 5748: 5733: 5721: 5709: 5697: 5695:, p. 100. 5685: 5683:, p. 139. 5668: 5656: 5644: 5632: 5630:, p. 226. 5611: 5599: 5582: 5580:, p. 983. 5578:Erickson 2001b 5570: 5568:, p. 166. 5558: 5546: 5544:, p. 191. 5534: 5532:, p. 343. 5519: 5507: 5495: 5483: 5471: 5459: 5447: 5443:Broadbent 2005 5432: 5428:Broadbent 2005 5420: 5418:, p. 151. 5408: 5396: 5384: 5367: 5365:, p. 135. 5355: 5343: 5331: 5319: 5307: 5303:Broadbent 2005 5286: 5274: 5262: 5258:Broadbent 2005 5250: 5248:, p. 115. 5238: 5226: 5214: 5202: 5200:, p. 224. 5190: 5178: 5176:, p. 159. 5166: 5154: 5150:Broadbent 2005 5142: 5130: 5128:, p. 198. 5113: 5111:, p. 110. 5101: 5089: 5087:, p. 327. 5085:Erickson 2001a 5072: 5068:Erickson 2001a 5045: 5043:, p. 417. 5026: 5014: 5012:, p. 178. 5002: 5000:, p. 547. 4990: 4986:Erickson 2001a 4975: 4973:, p. 547. 4969:, p. 94; 4967:Erickson 2001a 4959: 4947: 4945:, p. 395. 4928: 4916: 4901: 4895:, p. 13; 4884: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4842: 4832: 4807: 4794: 4781: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4756: 4746: 4743:Gallipoli Star 4740: 4729: 4725:Çanakkale 1915 4721: 4710: 4703: 4700: 4646: 4645: 4630: 4623: 4621: 4606: 4599: 4597: 4590: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4571: 4533:Main article: 4530: 4527: 4436:Force in Egypt 4420: 4417: 4343: 4340: 4253:90,000 British 4236: 4233: 4209:42,000 wounded 4197:87,000 killed. 4189:2,160 officers 4149:43,000 British 4129:53,000 British 4111: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4026: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3995:United Kingdom 3992: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3963: 3962: 3959: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3930: 3927: 3876: 3873: 3843: 3840: 3734:Operation Hush 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3708:1,590 vehicles 3690:35,268 troops, 3657:William Scurry 3539: 3536: 3523:Alan Moorehead 3287:light horseman 3248: 3245: 3190:600 casualties 3174:Albert d'Amade 3089:Troops of the 3082: 3079: 3059:Martin Nasmith 3038:on 25 May and 2968:Aubrey Herbert 2931:42,000 Ottoman 2923:Main article: 2920: 2917: 2887:or Achi Baba. 2842:On 5 May, the 2839: 2836: 2696:George Lambert 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2660:Victoria Cross 2652:600 casualties 2631:to disembark, 2541:Troops of the 2528: 2525: 2363: 2360: 2351:Charles Samson 2313:Sea of Marmara 2290: 2287: 2282:reconnaissance 2192: 2189: 2042:Main article: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2023:First Sea Lord 1948:18 battleships 1935: 1932: 1928:John de Robeck 1896:Short Type 136 1857:Main article: 1854: 1851: 1806:the waterway. 1779:Sea of Okhotsk 1763:trench warfare 1709:Richard Peirse 1705:Earl Kitchener 1685: 1682: 1666:Black Sea raid 1639: 1638:Black Sea raid 1636: 1634: 1631: 1601:in 1923, with 1552:Constantinople 1544:Central Powers 1540:Ottoman Empire 1536:Russian Empire 1471: 1470: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1428:Naval theatres 1424: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1337: 1336: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1322:Central Arabia 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1231: 1221: 1215: 1214: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1194: 1193: 1186: 1179: 1171: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1116: 1109: 1102: 1099:3rd Anzac Cove 1095: 1092:2nd Anzac Cove 1088: 1085:1st Anzac Cove 1081: 1074: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1035: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1012: 1011: 1004: 997: 989: 981: 980: 952: 943:4,140 wounded 928:18,500 wounded 911:18,000 wounded 875: 874: 870: 869: 868: 867: 840: 824: 823: 822:New Zealanders 814: 805: 802: 777: 776: 772: 771: 748: 704: 703: 702:Units involved 699: 698: 696: 695: 683: 671: 659: 647: 635: 633:Halil Sami Bey 623: 611: 599: 587: 575: 563: 551: 539: 527: 515: 502: 500: 498: 497: 485: 473: 461: 449: 437: 435:John de Robeck 425: 413: 400: 397: 396: 392: 391: 354:Ottoman Empire 342: 340:Russian Empire 327:Naval support: 323: 322: 310: 298: 266: 265: 264: 262: 261: 246: 231: 214: 193:United Kingdom 181: 180: 179: 176: 175: 171: 170: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 125:Ottoman Empire 111: 109: 105: 104: 99: 91: 90: 65: 64: 53: 52: 46: 45: 26: 18:Gallipoli 1915 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15123: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14968: 14966: 14956: 14946: 14944: 14934: 14933: 14930: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14838: 14835: 14831: 14824: 14819: 14817: 14812: 14810: 14805: 14804: 14801: 14789: 14786: 14785: 14782: 14772: 14771: 14767: 14765: 14764: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14752: 14748: 14747: 14745: 14741: 14731: 14728: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14704: 14701: 14700: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14678: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14670: 14668: 14662: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14607: 14605: 14601: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14571: 14569: 14567: 14563: 14557: 14556:United States 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14513: 14511: 14507: 14504: 14501: 14496: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14450: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14427: 14424: 14420: 14417: 14416: 14415: 14412: 14411: 14409: 14408: 14406: 14404: 14400: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14383: 14381: 14380: 14378: 14376: 14372: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14346: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14328: 14326: 14324: 14320: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14303: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14292: 14291: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14271: 14269: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14256: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14248: 14246: 14242: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14220: 14216: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14199: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14188: 14185: 14184: 14182: 14181: 14179: 14173: 14168: 14158: 14157:United States 14155: 14151: 14148: 14147: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14127: 14125: 14121: 14115: 14112: 14108: 14107:Convoy system 14105: 14104: 14103: 14102:Naval warfare 14100: 14098: 14095: 14093: 14090: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14076: 14073: 14072: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14061: 14058: 14054: 14043: 14040: 14037: 14034: 14031: 14028: 14025: 14022: 14017: 14014: 14011: 14008: 14005: 14002: 13999: 13996: 13995: 13994: 13991: 13988: 13985: 13982: 13979: 13976: 13973: 13970: 13967: 13964: 13961: 13958: 13955: 13952: 13949: 13946: 13943: 13940: 13937: 13934: 13931: 13928: 13925: 13922: 13919: 13916: 13913: 13910: 13907: 13904: 13901: 13898: 13895: 13892: 13889: 13888: 13886: 13882: 13875: 13872: 13869: 13866: 13863: 13862:Kaocen revolt 13860: 13857: 13856:Easter Rising 13854: 13851: 13848: 13845: 13842: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13828: 13825: 13822: 13819: 13816: 13813: 13810: 13807: 13804: 13801: 13798: 13795: 13792: 13789: 13786: 13783: 13780: 13777: 13774: 13771: 13770: 13768: 13764: 13758: 13755: 13751: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13647: 13645: 13643: 13639: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13549: 13547: 13545: 13541: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13508: 13505: 13504: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13474: 13472: 13468: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13421:Great Retreat 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13375: 13373: 13369: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13292:Battle of Cer 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13279: 13277: 13273: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13250: 13247: 13246: 13245: 13242: 13241: 13239: 13235: 13228: 13225: 13222: 13219: 13216: 13213: 13210: 13209:Agadir Crisis 13207: 13204: 13201: 13198: 13195: 13192: 13189: 13186: 13183: 13180: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13161: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13112: 13110: 13108: 13104: 13098: 13097:United States 13095: 13091: 13088: 13087: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13037: 13034: 13033: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13015: 13014:French Empire 13012: 13011: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12982: 12978: 12975: 12967: 12957: 12956:Mediterranean 12954: 12950: 12947: 12946: 12945: 12942: 12941: 12939: 12937: 12936:Naval warfare 12933: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12913: 12911: 12909: 12905: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12875: 12873: 12871: 12867: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12823: 12819: 12813: 12812:Italian Front 12810: 12806: 12803: 12802: 12801: 12800:Eastern Front 12798: 12796: 12795:Western Front 12793: 12789: 12786: 12785: 12784: 12781: 12780: 12778: 12776: 12772: 12769: 12765: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12753:Puppet states 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12695: 12692: 12688: 12681: 12676: 12674: 12669: 12667: 12662: 12661: 12658: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12640:Scimitar Hill 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12617: 12615: 12613: 12609: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12584: 12582: 12580: 12576: 12570: 12567: 12566: 12564: 12562: 12558: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12528: 12526: 12524: 12520: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12430: 12428: 12426:Battlegrounds 12424: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12375: 12373: 12371: 12367: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12355:German Empire 12353: 12351: 12348: 12347: 12345: 12343: 12339: 12336: 12332: 12326: 12323: 12322: 12320: 12316: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12301: 12298: 12294: 12287: 12282: 12280: 12275: 12273: 12268: 12267: 12264: 12256: 12252: 12250: 12246: 12245: 12236: 12232: 12228: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12212: 12208: 12204: 12200: 12196: 12192: 12188: 12176: 12172: 12171:Omniatlas.com 12168: 12164: 12152: 12148: 12146: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12134: 12116: 12112: 12107: 12106: 12088: 12084: 12083: 12078: 12074: 12062: 12058: 12057: 12052: 12048: 12036: 12032: 12031: 12026: 12025:"Blamey Boys" 12022: 12021: 12003: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11990: 11984: 11980: 11974: 11970: 11965: 11961: 11955: 11951: 11946: 11942: 11936: 11932: 11927: 11923: 11917: 11913: 11908: 11904: 11899: 11895: 11889: 11885: 11880: 11876: 11870: 11866: 11861: 11857: 11851: 11847: 11842: 11838: 11834: 11830: 11828:0-85045-350-X 11824: 11820: 11815: 11811: 11805: 11801: 11796: 11792: 11786: 11782: 11778: 11773: 11761: 11757: 11751: 11747: 11746: 11740: 11736: 11730: 11726: 11721: 11717: 11711: 11706: 11705: 11699: 11695: 11691: 11686: 11682: 11676: 11672: 11667: 11663: 11657: 11653: 11648: 11636: 11632: 11626: 11622: 11621: 11615: 11611: 11607: 11603: 11598: 11597: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11544: 11540: 11536: 11531: 11519: 11515: 11511: 11507: 11495: 11491: 11487: 11482: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11458: 11446: 11442: 11438: 11434: 11422: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11398: 11394: 11390: 11378: 11374: 11370: 11365: 11353: 11349: 11345: 11340: 11328: 11324: 11320: 11315: 11303: 11299: 11294: 11282: 11278: 11276: 11270: 11258: 11254: 11250: 11246: 11231: 11227: 11220: 11216: 11204: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11180: 11173: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11157: 11142: 11135: 11131: 11130: 11110: 11109: 11104: 11100: 11099: 11076: 11072: 11068: 11065:(1): 185–99. 11064: 11060: 11053: 11048: 11044: 11040: 11036: 11032: 11028: 11024: 11020: 11016: 11011: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10983: 10979: 10974: 10970: 10966: 10962: 10957: 10953: 10949: 10945: 10940: 10936: 10932: 10928: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10911: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10891: 10886: 10882: 10878: 10874: 10869: 10865: 10861: 10857: 10853: 10849: 10845: 10841: 10837: 10833: 10829: 10824: 10823: 10803: 10799: 10794: 10793: 10781: 10775: 10771: 10766: 10762: 10756: 10752: 10747: 10743: 10737: 10733: 10728: 10716: 10712: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10695: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10665: 10661: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10639: 10635: 10629: 10625: 10620: 10616: 10610: 10606: 10601: 10597: 10591: 10586: 10585: 10579: 10575: 10571: 10565: 10561: 10556: 10552: 10546: 10542: 10537: 10533: 10527: 10523: 10518: 10514: 10508: 10504: 10499: 10495: 10489: 10485: 10480: 10476: 10470: 10466: 10461: 10457: 10451: 10447: 10442: 10438: 10432: 10428: 10423: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10398: 10392: 10388: 10384: 10380: 10375: 10371: 10365: 10361: 10356: 10352: 10346: 10342: 10337: 10333: 10327: 10323: 10318: 10314: 10308: 10304: 10299: 10295: 10289: 10285: 10280: 10276: 10270: 10266: 10261: 10257: 10251: 10247: 10243: 10239: 10235: 10230: 10226: 10220: 10216: 10211: 10207: 10201: 10197: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10181: 10177: 10172: 10168: 10162: 10158: 10153: 10149: 10143: 10139: 10134: 10130: 10126: 10122: 10117: 10113: 10107: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10083: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10066: 10060: 10056: 10050: 10046: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10029: 10024: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10000: 9994: 9990: 9985: 9973: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9960: 9954: 9950: 9944: 9940: 9935: 9931: 9925: 9921: 9916: 9912: 9906: 9901: 9900: 9899:The Ironclads 9893: 9889: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9839: 9835: 9830: 9826: 9820: 9816: 9811: 9807: 9801: 9797: 9792: 9788: 9782: 9778: 9773: 9761: 9757: 9753: 9749: 9748: 9742: 9738: 9732: 9728: 9723: 9719: 9713: 9709: 9704: 9700: 9694: 9690: 9685: 9681: 9675: 9671: 9670: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9651: 9647: 9643: 9639: 9635: 9629: 9625: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9608: 9603: 9599: 9593: 9589: 9584: 9580: 9574: 9570: 9565: 9561: 9555: 9551: 9546: 9542: 9536: 9532: 9531: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9512: 9508: 9504: 9499: 9495: 9489: 9484: 9483: 9476: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9451: 9445: 9441: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9426:Grey, Jeffrey 9422: 9418: 9412: 9408: 9403: 9391: 9387: 9381: 9375: 9371: 9366: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9341: 9335: 9331: 9325: 9321: 9316: 9305: 9299: 9295: 9294: 9288: 9277: 9271: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9248: 9244: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9222: 9216: 9212: 9207: 9203: 9197: 9193: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9156: 9152: 9147: 9143: 9137: 9133: 9128: 9124: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9070: 9065: 9061: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9042: 9038: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9019: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8994: 8988: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8959: 8954: 8953:Bean, Charles 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8933: 8929: 8923: 8919: 8914: 8910: 8904: 8900: 8895: 8891: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8856: 8855: 8838: 8833: 8826: 8821: 8814: 8809: 8802: 8797: 8790: 8785: 8778: 8773: 8766: 8761: 8754: 8749: 8742: 8741:CBC News 2012 8737: 8730: 8725: 8718: 8713: 8697: 8693: 8692: 8687: 8681: 8675:, p. 32. 8674: 8669: 8662: 8657: 8651:, p. 13. 8650: 8645: 8638: 8633: 8626: 8621: 8614: 8609: 8602: 8597: 8590: 8585: 8578: 8573: 8566: 8565:Williams 1999 8561: 8555:, p. 17. 8554: 8549: 8542: 8537: 8530: 8525: 8518: 8513: 8506: 8501: 8494: 8489: 8482: 8477: 8470: 8465: 8458: 8457:Griffith 1998 8453: 8447:, p. 23. 8446: 8441: 8435:, p. 22. 8434: 8429: 8423:, p. 41. 8422: 8417: 8411:, p. 32. 8410: 8405: 8398: 8393: 8386: 8381: 8374: 8369: 8363:, p. 10. 8362: 8357: 8350: 8345: 8338: 8333: 8326: 8321: 8314: 8309: 8302: 8297: 8290: 8285: 8278: 8273: 8266: 8261: 8254: 8249: 8242: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8225: 8220: 8213: 8208: 8201: 8196: 8189: 8184: 8177: 8172: 8165: 8164:Taskiran 2005 8160: 8153: 8148: 8142:, p. 64. 8141: 8136: 8129: 8124: 8117: 8116:Harrison 2010 8112: 8105: 8100: 8093: 8088: 8081: 8076: 8069: 8064: 8057: 8052: 8036: 8032: 8026: 8019: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8002: 7997: 7990: 7985: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7969: 7964: 7962: 7955:, p. 97. 7954: 7949: 7942: 7937: 7930: 7925: 7918: 7913: 7906: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7889: 7884: 7877: 7872: 7865: 7860: 7853: 7848: 7842:, p. 70. 7841: 7836: 7829: 7824: 7817: 7812: 7806:, p. 10. 7805: 7800: 7798: 7791:, p. 29. 7790: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7773: 7768: 7761: 7756: 7749: 7744: 7737: 7732: 7726:, p. 94. 7725: 7720: 7713: 7708: 7702:, p. 14. 7701: 7696: 7689: 7684: 7677: 7672: 7665: 7660: 7653: 7648: 7642:, p. 78. 7641: 7636: 7629: 7624: 7618:, p. 10. 7617: 7612: 7605: 7600: 7598: 7590: 7585: 7579:, p. 90. 7578: 7574: 7569: 7563:, p. 98. 7562: 7558: 7553: 7546: 7542: 7537: 7530: 7529:Corbett 2009b 7525: 7518: 7513: 7507:, p. 17. 7506: 7505:Lockhart 1950 7501: 7494: 7489: 7482: 7477: 7475: 7467: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7450: 7445: 7439:, p. 93. 7438: 7433: 7427:, p. 12. 7426: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7408:, p. 98. 7407: 7402: 7400: 7392: 7387: 7380: 7375: 7368: 7363: 7356: 7351: 7344: 7339: 7333:, p. 47. 7332: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7315: 7310: 7303: 7298: 7291: 7286: 7280:, p. 77. 7279: 7274: 7267: 7262: 7255: 7250: 7243: 7238: 7231: 7226: 7220:, p. 26. 7219: 7214: 7212: 7204: 7199: 7192: 7187: 7180: 7175: 7168: 7163: 7156: 7151: 7145:, p. 17. 7144: 7139: 7132: 7127: 7125: 7117: 7112: 7105: 7100: 7093: 7088: 7086: 7078: 7073: 7066: 7065:McGibbon 2000 7061: 7059: 7051: 7046: 7040:, p. 29. 7039: 7034: 7027: 7022: 7016:, p. 83. 7015: 7010: 7003: 7001: 6987: 6984:(in French). 6983: 6979: 6972: 6965: 6960: 6958: 6951:, p. 95. 6950: 6945: 6938: 6933: 6926: 6921: 6914: 6909: 6903:, p. 76. 6902: 6897: 6891:, p. 66. 6890: 6885: 6878: 6873: 6866: 6865:Willmott 2009 6861: 6854: 6853:Snelling 1995 6849: 6842: 6837: 6831:, p. 95. 6830: 6825: 6819:, p. 15. 6818: 6813: 6807:, p. 44. 6806: 6801: 6799: 6791: 6786: 6779: 6774: 6767: 6762: 6756:, p. 89. 6755: 6750: 6748: 6740: 6735: 6729:, p. 74. 6728: 6723: 6716: 6711: 6709: 6701: 6696: 6689: 6684: 6677: 6672: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6641: 6634: 6629: 6627: 6619: 6614: 6607: 6602: 6595: 6590: 6584:, p. 87. 6583: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6567:, p. 28. 6566: 6561: 6554: 6549: 6542: 6537: 6531:, p. 96. 6530: 6525: 6523: 6515: 6510: 6503: 6498: 6496: 6488: 6483: 6476: 6471: 6464: 6459: 6453:, p. 73. 6452: 6447: 6445: 6437: 6432: 6426:, p. 31. 6425: 6420: 6413: 6408: 6401: 6396: 6389: 6384: 6377: 6372: 6365: 6360: 6353: 6348: 6341: 6336: 6330:, p. 30. 6329: 6324: 6317: 6312: 6305: 6300: 6294:, p. 84. 6293: 6288: 6282:, p. xv. 6281: 6276: 6274: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6249: 6243:, p. 19. 6242: 6237: 6230: 6225: 6219:, p. 44. 6218: 6213: 6207:, p. 46. 6206: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6189: 6184: 6177: 6172: 6166:, p. 45. 6165: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6140: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6123: 6118: 6111: 6106: 6099: 6094: 6087: 6082: 6075: 6070: 6063: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6043:, p. 43. 6042: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6024:, p. 72. 6023: 6018: 6011: 6006: 5999: 5998:McGibbon 2000 5994: 5988:, p. 28. 5987: 5982: 5975: 5970: 5964:, p. 45. 5963: 5958: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5935:, p. 47. 5934: 5929: 5923:, p. 43. 5922: 5917: 5911:, p. 46. 5910: 5905: 5899:, p. 42. 5898: 5893: 5887:, p. 77. 5886: 5881: 5879: 5871: 5866: 5857: 5848: 5842:, p. 76. 5841: 5836: 5829: 5824: 5818:, p. 75. 5817: 5812: 5806:, p. 74. 5805: 5800: 5793: 5788: 5781: 5776: 5769: 5764: 5758:, p. 31. 5757: 5752: 5746:, p. 13. 5745: 5740: 5738: 5731:, p. 16. 5730: 5725: 5719:, p. 83. 5718: 5713: 5707:, p. 38. 5706: 5701: 5694: 5689: 5682: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5666:, p. 39. 5665: 5660: 5654:, p. 54. 5653: 5648: 5642:, p. 48. 5641: 5636: 5629: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5609:, p. 52. 5608: 5603: 5597:, p. 12. 5596: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5579: 5574: 5567: 5562: 5556:, p. 21. 5555: 5550: 5543: 5542:McGibbon 2000 5538: 5531: 5526: 5524: 5517:, p. 14. 5516: 5511: 5505:, p. 16. 5504: 5499: 5493:, p. 25. 5492: 5487: 5481:, p. 92. 5480: 5475: 5468: 5463: 5457:, p. 15. 5456: 5451: 5445:, p. 35. 5444: 5439: 5437: 5429: 5424: 5417: 5412: 5406:, p. 12. 5405: 5400: 5394:, p. 61. 5393: 5388: 5382:, p. 60. 5381: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5364: 5359: 5352: 5347: 5341:, p. 10. 5340: 5335: 5328: 5323: 5316: 5311: 5305:, p. 40. 5304: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5284:, p. 20. 5283: 5278: 5271: 5266: 5259: 5254: 5247: 5246:Strachan 2001 5242: 5236:, p. 34. 5235: 5230: 5223: 5218: 5211: 5210:Corbett 2009a 5206: 5199: 5194: 5187: 5182: 5175: 5174:Erickson 2013 5170: 5164:, p. 40. 5163: 5158: 5151: 5146: 5140:, p. 44. 5139: 5134: 5127: 5126:McGibbon 2000 5122: 5120: 5118: 5110: 5105: 5098: 5093: 5086: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5070:, p. 94. 5069: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5042: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5023: 5018: 5011: 5010:Erickson 2015 5006: 4999: 4994: 4987: 4982: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4963: 4956: 4951: 4944: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4925: 4920: 4913: 4908: 4906: 4898: 4894: 4889: 4885: 4869:had died and 4860: 4856: 4852: 4846: 4836: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4811: 4804: 4798: 4791: 4785: 4775: 4771: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4738:Russell Crowe 4735: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4587: 4582: 4575: 4570: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4565:Armistice Day 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4545: 4543: 4536: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4474:75th Division 4471: 4467: 4460: 4455: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4416: 4413: 4408: 4404: 4395: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4348: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4217: 4212: 4193:287,000 other 4177:47,000 French 4171: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4141:97,007 troops 4134: 4118: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4063:British India 4062: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3936: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3882:H. H. Asquith 3872: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3828:Falklands War 3825: 3816: 3812: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3792:Harry Chauvel 3789: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3683: 3681: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3633: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3614: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3595: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3553:Charles Monro 3549: 3545: 3544:Keith Murdoch 3535: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3499:95,000 troops 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3477:landing from 3476: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3423: 3419: 3405: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3366: 3365:Gurkha Rifles 3362: 3358: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3202:600 prisoners 3175: 3171: 3170:Henri Gouraud 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3120:10,000 troops 3100: 3092: 3087: 3078: 3075: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3048: 3044: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3023: 3018: 3017: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2972:no man's land 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2926: 2916: 2914: 2908: 2906: 2905: 2899: 2894: 2888: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2853: 2848:20 Australian 2845: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2765: 2760: 2756: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2729: 2723: 2714: 2709: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2681:Early battles 2676:Land campaign 2673: 2661: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2551:Major General 2544: 2539: 2534: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2454: 2450: 2436:with most of 2429: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2390: 2381: 2377: 2368: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2245: 2241: 2234: 2233:19th Division 2230: 2225: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2202: 2197: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2128:peninsula at 2127: 2122: 2120: 2119: 2115:. The French 2114: 2110: 2109:29th Division 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2064: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2030: 2027: 2026:Jackie Fisher 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2010: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1985: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1956: 1955: 1940: 1934:18 March 1915 1931: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1900:Royal Marines 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1878: 1877: 1865: 1860: 1850: 1848: 1847:demonstration 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1807: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1794: 1788: 1784: 1783:Eastern Front 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1767:German Empire 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1747:Western Front 1743: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1721: 1720: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1702:Field Marshal 1699: 1695: 1691: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1656: 1649: 1645: 1630: 1628: 1627:Armistice Day 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1582:(1911–1915), 1581: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1542:, one of the 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1450:Mediterranean 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1224:Eastern Front 1222: 1220: 1219:Western Front 1217: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1201: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1146:Scimitar Hill 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1034: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1020: 1010: 1005: 1003: 998: 996: 991: 990: 987: 979: 975: 964: 959: 953: 951: 948: 944: 939: 934: 924: 919: 907: 902: 888: 883: 877: 876: 871: 859: 858: 857: 855: 848:16 divisions 841: 832: 829: 828:Supported by: 820: 15,000 815: 811: 50,000 806: 804:79,000 French 803: 800: 799: 798: 796: 789:15 divisions 784: 779: 778: 773: 770: 765: 759: 754: 749: 747: 735: 730: 724: 720: 716: 711: 706: 705: 700: 694: 689: 684: 682: 677: 672: 670: 665: 660: 658: 653: 648: 646: 641: 636: 634: 629: 624: 622: 617: 612: 610: 605: 600: 598: 593: 588: 586: 581: 576: 574: 569: 564: 562: 557: 552: 550: 545: 540: 538: 533: 528: 526: 521: 516: 514: 509: 504: 503: 501: 496: 491: 486: 484: 479: 474: 472: 471:Henri Gouraud 467: 462: 460: 455: 450: 448: 443: 438: 436: 431: 426: 424: 419: 414: 412: 407: 402: 401: 399: 398: 393: 389: 375: 361: 360:Supported by: 355: 343: 341: 328: 321: 311: 309: 299: 297: 287: 286: 280: 259: 247: 244: 232: 228: 215: 212: 200: 199: 194: 178: 177: 172: 164: 161: 160: 155: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 107: 106: 100: 97: 96: 92: 88: 87: 81: 77: 76:Mustafa Kemal 71: 66: 63: 59: 54: 49: 44: 40: 33: 19: 14895: 14768: 14761: 14749: 14356: / 14288: 14123:Conscription 14087:Cryptography 14024:Iraqi Revolt 13451:Siege of Kut 13400: 13394: 12972:participants 12921:German Samoa 12855:South Arabia 12829: 12546:Gully Ravine 12393:Newfoundland 12292: 12243: 12230: 12211:the original 12206: 12194: 12191:"Despatches" 12179:. Retrieved 12175:the original 12170: 12155:. Retrieved 12151:the original 12144: 12119:. Retrieved 12091:. Retrieved 12080: 12065:. Retrieved 12054: 12039:. Retrieved 12028: 12006:. Retrieved 11988: 11968: 11949: 11930: 11911: 11902: 11883: 11864: 11845: 11818: 11799: 11780: 11776: 11764:. Retrieved 11760:the original 11744: 11724: 11703: 11689: 11670: 11651: 11639:. Retrieved 11619: 11601: 11575: 11547:. Retrieved 11538: 11522:. Retrieved 11513: 11498:. Retrieved 11494:the original 11489: 11473:. Retrieved 11464: 11449:. Retrieved 11440: 11425:. Retrieved 11416: 11401:. Retrieved 11381:. Retrieved 11372: 11356:. Retrieved 11347: 11331:. Retrieved 11322: 11306:. Retrieved 11285:. Retrieved 11274: 11261:. Retrieved 11252: 11237:. Retrieved 11225: 11207:. Retrieved 11203:the original 11198: 11183:. Retrieved 11164:the original 11148:. Retrieved 11141:the original 11113:. Retrieved 11106: 11082:. Retrieved 11075:the original 11062: 11058: 11018: 11014: 10984:(3): 64–67. 10981: 10977: 10960: 10943: 10926: 10893: 10889: 10872: 10831: 10827: 10806:. Retrieved 10801: 10769: 10750: 10731: 10719:. Retrieved 10715:the original 10702: 10681: 10659: 10642: 10623: 10604: 10583: 10559: 10540: 10521: 10502: 10483: 10464: 10445: 10426: 10414:. Retrieved 10396: 10378: 10359: 10340: 10321: 10302: 10283: 10264: 10245: 10233: 10214: 10195: 10175: 10156: 10137: 10120: 10101: 10098:Lewis, Wendy 10088:20 September 10086:. Retrieved 10069: 10064: 10044: 10027: 10010: 9988: 9976:. Retrieved 9958: 9938: 9919: 9898: 9877: 9855: 9833: 9814: 9795: 9776: 9764:. Retrieved 9746: 9726: 9707: 9688: 9668: 9645: 9623: 9606: 9587: 9568: 9549: 9529: 9506: 9502: 9481: 9467:. Retrieved 9449: 9429: 9406: 9394:. Retrieved 9369: 9357:. Retrieved 9339: 9319: 9307:. Retrieved 9292: 9279:. Retrieved 9264: 9250: 9232: 9229:Coates, John 9210: 9191: 9172: 9169:Carlyon, Les 9150: 9131: 9112: 9090: 9068: 9049: 9045: 9022: 9010:. Retrieved 8992: 8979:. Retrieved 8957: 8936: 8917: 8898: 8877: 8865: 8832: 8827:, p. 5. 8820: 8815:, p. 8. 8808: 8803:, p. 7. 8796: 8784: 8772: 8760: 8748: 8736: 8724: 8712: 8700:. Retrieved 8689: 8680: 8668: 8656: 8644: 8632: 8620: 8615:, p. 1. 8608: 8596: 8584: 8572: 8560: 8548: 8536: 8524: 8512: 8500: 8488: 8476: 8464: 8452: 8440: 8433:Gullett 1941 8428: 8416: 8404: 8392: 8380: 8368: 8361:Wahlert 2008 8356: 8349:Travers 2001 8344: 8332: 8320: 8308: 8296: 8284: 8277:Kirbaki 2015 8272: 8265:Wahlert 2008 8260: 8248: 8243:, p. 9. 8241:Wahlert 2008 8219: 8214:, p. 4. 8207: 8200:Kinloch 2007 8195: 8183: 8171: 8159: 8147: 8135: 8123: 8111: 8099: 8087: 8082:, p. 3. 8080:Travers 2001 8075: 8063: 8056:Carlyon 2001 8051: 8039:. Retrieved 8034: 8025: 8003:, p. 2. 7996: 7948: 7941:Travers 2001 7936: 7924: 7912: 7883: 7871: 7859: 7847: 7835: 7823: 7816:Weigley 2005 7811: 7804:Gatchel 1996 7789:Wahlert 2008 7767: 7755: 7743: 7731: 7724:Baldwin 1962 7719: 7707: 7695: 7683: 7671: 7659: 7647: 7635: 7623: 7611: 7584: 7568: 7552: 7545:Carlyon 2001 7536: 7524: 7512: 7500: 7488: 7449:Carlyon 2001 7444: 7432: 7391:Travers 2001 7386: 7374: 7362: 7350: 7338: 7331:Gilbert 2013 7309: 7297: 7285: 7273: 7261: 7249: 7242:Carlyon 2001 7237: 7225: 7218:Wahlert 2008 7203:Carlyon 2001 7198: 7186: 7174: 7162: 7155:Cameron 2011 7150: 7143:Cameron 2011 7138: 7111: 7104:Carlyon 2001 7099: 7072: 7045: 7033: 7021: 7009: 6997: 6990:. Retrieved 6981: 6971: 6944: 6937:Travers 2001 6932: 6925:Carlyon 2001 6920: 6908: 6896: 6884: 6877:Halpern 1995 6872: 6860: 6848: 6836: 6824: 6812: 6805:Gilbert 2013 6785: 6773: 6761: 6734: 6722: 6695: 6683: 6671: 6659:. Retrieved 6650: 6640: 6613: 6601: 6589: 6560: 6548: 6536: 6509: 6482: 6470: 6458: 6436:Usborne 1933 6431: 6419: 6407: 6395: 6383: 6371: 6359: 6347: 6340:Perrett 2004 6335: 6323: 6316:Carlyon 2001 6311: 6299: 6287: 6260: 6248: 6241:Wahlert 2008 6236: 6224: 6212: 6205:Stevens 2001 6183: 6171: 6164:Stevens 2001 6117: 6105: 6098:Özakman 2008 6093: 6086:Özakman 2008 6081: 6074:Özakman 2008 6069: 6041:Gilbert 2013 6022:Travers 2001 6017: 6010:Travers 2001 6005: 5993: 5981: 5969: 5957: 5928: 5916: 5909:Gilbert 2013 5904: 5892: 5865: 5856: 5847: 5835: 5823: 5811: 5799: 5787: 5780:Kinross 1995 5775: 5763: 5756:Carlyon 2001 5751: 5744:Travers 2001 5724: 5717:Carlyon 2001 5712: 5705:Travers 2001 5700: 5693:Carlyon 2001 5688: 5664:Travers 2001 5659: 5647: 5640:Travers 2001 5635: 5602: 5573: 5561: 5549: 5537: 5510: 5503:Wahlert 2008 5498: 5486: 5474: 5467:Stevens 2001 5462: 5455:Wahlert 2008 5450: 5423: 5416:Fromkin 1989 5411: 5399: 5387: 5380:Baldwin 1962 5363:Fromkin 1989 5358: 5346: 5334: 5322: 5315:Gilbert 2013 5310: 5282:Travers 2001 5277: 5272:, p. 2. 5265: 5253: 5241: 5234:Carlyon 2001 5229: 5224:, p. 6. 5217: 5205: 5193: 5181: 5169: 5162:Baldwin 1962 5157: 5145: 5133: 5104: 5092: 5017: 5005: 4993: 4962: 4950: 4919: 4893:Travers 2001 4888: 4873:in hospital. 4863:900 troopers 4845: 4835: 4826:Sedd el Bahr 4819: 4810: 4797: 4790:Ottoman Army 4784: 4774: 4731: 4723: 4712: 4695: 4689: 4685: 4675: 4663:Corner Brook 4647: 4637:Kings Domain 4546: 4542:Anzac spirit 4538: 4463: 4422: 4400: 4368:21 at Anzac. 4353: 4323: 4318: 4310:10,700 beds, 4303: 4299:6,556 cases. 4292:1,774 cases, 4269:0.91 percent 4265:2.84 percent 4238: 4224:86,692 dead. 4213: 4167: 4161: 4157:John Maxwell 4114: 4080:Newfoundland 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3966: 3911: 3878: 3845: 3821: 3804:Kut Al Amara 3785: 3779: 3768: 3764: 3748: 3700:328 vehicles 3693:3,689 horses 3684: 3676: 3653: 3632:Albatros C.I 3628: 3623: 3618: 3612: 3604: 3599: 3593: 3589: 3551:General Sir 3541: 3521: 3479:19–20 August 3468: 3434: 3409: 3374: 3355:Ben-my-Chree 3354: 3346: 3292: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3212: 3208: 3206: 3153:Ben-my-Chree 3152: 3148: 3127: 3096: 3063: 3053: 3046: 3041: 3034: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3011: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2928: 2912: 2909: 2903: 2889: 2880: 2841: 2830: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2811:6,000 troops 2806: 2803:Edward Boyle 2797: 2788: 2784: 2775: 2770: 2768: 2763: 2724: 2705: 2689: 2649: 2637: 2629:200 soldiers 2624: 2610: 2590: 2548: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2500: 2488: 2484: 2472: 2469:Henry Stoker 2463: 2459: 2430: 2422: 2415:(orange) at 2398: 2373: 2339: 2310: 2250: 2220: 2205: 2182: 2152: 2139: 2133: 2123: 2116: 2059: 2017:, Commodore 2014: 2008: 2002: 1996: 1993: 1989:Irresistible 1988: 1983: 1977: 1974:Irresistible 1973: 1968: 1962:Irresistible 1961: 1953: 1945: 1915:minesweepers 1908: 1891: 1882: 1875: 1871: 1816: 1744: 1734: 1725: 1718: 1694:Boghos Nubar 1690:Alexandretta 1687: 1660: 1654: 1651: 1592: 1572: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1421:Central Asia 1394:Asia-Pacific 1368:North Africa 1346:South Africa 1317:South Arabia 1296: 1198:Theatres of 1118: 1111: 1104: 1097: 1090: 1083: 1076: 1069: 1060:Gully Ravine 1037: 1030: 1016: 977: 962: 954: 949: 946: 941:3,431 killed 938:New Zealand: 937: 926:8,709 killed 922: 905: 886: 878: 853: 843:6 divisions 842: 837: 2,000 827: 825: 794: 780: 411:Ian Hamilton 359: 326: 258:Newfoundland 174:Belligerents 85: 56:Part of the 43: 14386:Netherlands 14363:Switzerland 14244:Occupations 14235:Spanish flu 14012:(1919–1922) 14006:(1918–1921) 14000:(1918–1923) 13989:(1919–1921) 13983:(1919–1921) 13977:(1919–1920) 13953:(1918–1920) 13947:(1918–1920) 13941:(1918–1920) 13923:(1918–1920) 13905:(1918–1920) 13899:(1917–1921) 13893:(1917–1921) 13840:(1916-1918) 13838:Arab Revolt 13829:(1915–1917) 13823:(1915–1917) 13811:(1914-1917) 13805:(1914–1917) 13799:(1914–1921) 13793:(1913–1920) 13781:(1910–1920) 13775:(1900–1920) 13748: [ 13266:July Crisis 13187:(1880–1914) 12850:Mesopotamia 12728:Home fronts 12687:World War I 12635:Chunuk Bair 12541:3rd Krithia 12536:2nd Krithia 12531:1st Krithia 12398:New Zealand 12181:14 February 11451:19 November 11323:Smithsonian 11308:26 November 10721:12 November 8837:Hammer 2017 8765:Dennis 2008 8753:Dennis 2008 8729:Jobson 2009 8673:Dennis 2008 8625:Dennis 2008 8541:Holmes 2001 8517:Dennis 2008 8421:Wavell 1968 8397:Hughes 2005 8385:Dutton 1998 8337:Newton 1925 8176:Sheffy 2005 8140:Hughes 2005 7929:Taylor 1965 7905:Holmes 2001 7864:Cassar 2004 7852:Dexter 1961 7840:Coates 1999 7712:Cassar 2004 7481:Parker 2005 6139:Dennis 2008 6122:Dennis 2008 6110:Dennis 2008 5768:Butler 2011 5628:Dennis 2008 5566:Reagan 1992 5530:Holmes 2001 5198:Dennis 2008 5186:Tauber 1993 5097:Dennis 2008 4661:armoury in 4613:Dardanelles 4593:Wagga Wagga 4440:400,000 men 4380:Chunuk Bair 4261:3,778 died, 4205:66,000 dead 4127:and around 4121:100,000 men 4046:New Zealand 3923:War Cabinet 3884:to end his 3832:Pacific War 3800:Mesopotamia 3751:Les Carlyon 3695:and mules, 3487:7th Brigade 3483:6th Brigade 3351:20 aircraft 3343:Nieuport Xs 3331:40 aircraft 3285:Australian 3178:14,000 men. 2952:468 wounded 2929:On 19 May, 2907:on 18 May. 2785:Sultanhisar 2776:Sultanhisar 2745:John Monash 2732:400 Plateau 2669:11 survived 2625:River Clyde 2611:River Clyde 2560:(including 2527:Cape Helles 2438:400 Plateau 2434:10:30 a.m., 2409:battleships 2384:25,000 men. 2163:Balkan Wars 2157:during the 2130:Cape Helles 2019:Roger Keyes 1740:Arab Revolt 1678:Mesopotamia 1564:Dardanelles 1363:East Africa 1302:Mesopotamia 1275:Middle East 1200:World War I 1141:Chunuk Bair 1055:3rd Krithia 1050:2nd Krithia 1045:1st Krithia 813:Australians 597:Fevzi Pasha 585:Erich Weber 561:Wehib Pasha 537:Cevat Pasha 513:Enver Pasha 320:West Africa 227:New Zealand 149: / 86:River Clyde 14965:Categories 14603:Agreements 14403:War crimes 14279:Luxembourg 14172:Casualties 13043:Montenegro 12878:South West 12758:Technology 12748:Propaganda 12738:Opposition 12318:Background 12231:NZ History 12121:7 December 12018:Newspapers 12008:3 February 11766:24 October 11549:18 January 11500:2 December 11427:18 January 11383:7 November 11358:11 October 11333:23 October 11263:15 January 11253:NZ History 11209:3 December 11095:Newspapers 9642:Frame, Tom 9527:(2001a) . 9359:3 February 9262:(2009a) . 8955:(1941a) . 8846:References 8777:Keane 2015 8601:Green 2013 8529:Falls 1930 8481:Becke 1937 8445:Perry 1988 8373:Bean 1941b 7828:Hart 2013b 7302:Hart 2013b 7038:Ekins 2009 6606:Bean 1941b 6188:Frame 2004 5885:James 1995 5840:James 1995 5816:James 1995 5804:James 1995 5792:Bean 1941a 5652:Hart 2013b 5607:Hart 2013b 5404:Hart 2013a 5392:James 1995 5351:Hart 2013a 5339:Hart 2013a 5327:Hart 2013a 5022:Rance 2017 4955:Rance 2017 4897:Rance 2017 4754:Eric Bogle 4719:Peter Weir 4667:Eric Bogle 4306:25 Ottoman 4282:10,383 men 4278:29,728 men 4274:as 64,440. 4241:insanitary 4216:Fred Waite 4145:11,178 men 4137:56,643 men 3945:Countries 3933:See also: 3929:Casualties 3755:Peter Hart 3732:See also: 3661:70 Ottoman 3649:VIII Corps 3538:Evacuation 3430:711 became 3347:Escadrille 3186:7,500 men; 3160:RNAS. 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