Firearm - Knowledge

2837: 3035: 3527:, which comprised the majority of deaths in this category. The most recent, complete data, from 2017, shows gunshot related homicides as having been the 31st most common cause of death in the US, while gunshot related suicides was the 21st most common cause of death. Accidental discharge of a firearm accounted for the 59th most common cause of death, with 486 deaths in 2017, while 616 individuals were killed by law enforcement, comprising the 58th most common cause of death. The total number of deaths related to firearms in 2017 was 38,882 (not including incidents of deaths resulting from lethal force when used by law enforcement), while the most common cause of death, heart disease, claimed 647,457 lives, over sixteen times that of firearms, including suicides. The most recent data from the CDC, from 2020, shows that deaths involving firearms accounted for about 0.2% of all deaths nationwide in 2020, of which about two-thirds were suicides. 3020:

the match was brought into the open end of a "touch hole" at the base of the gun barrel, which contained a very small quantity of gunpowder, igniting the main charge of gunpowder in the gun barrel. The match usually had to be relit after each firing. The main parts of the matchlock firing mechanism are the pan, match, arm, and trigger. A benefit of the pan and arm swivel being moved to the side of the gun was it gave a clear line of fire. An advantage to the matchlock firing mechanism is that it did not misfire. However, it also came with some disadvantages. One disadvantage involved weather: in rain, the match could not be kept lit to fire the weapon. Another issue with the match was it could give away the position of soldiers because of the glow, sound, and smell. While European pistols were equipped with wheellock and flintlock mechanisms, Asian pistols used matchlock mechanisms.

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magazines holding multiple munitions were adopted—these aided rapid reloading. Automatic and semi-automatic firing mechanisms meant that a single soldier could fire many more rounds in a minute than a vintage weapon could fire over the course of a battle. Polymers and alloys in firearm construction made weaponry progressively lighter and thus easier to deploy. Ammunition changed over the centuries from simple metallic ball-shaped projectiles that rattled down the barrel to bullets and cartridges manufactured to high precision. Especially in the past century particular attention has focused on accuracy and sighting to make firearms altogether far more accurate than ever before. More than any single factor though, firearms have proliferated due to the advent of mass production—enabling arms-manufacturers to produce large quantities of weaponry to a consistent standard.

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muzzleloaders (usually rifled instead of smooth-bored) are manufactured today and have many enthusiasts, many of whom hunt large and small game with their guns. Muzzleloaders have to be manually reloaded after each shot; a skilled archer could fire multiple arrows faster than most early muskets could be reloaded and fired, although by the mid-18th century when muzzleloaders became the standard small-armament of the military, a well-drilled soldier could fire six rounds in a minute using prepared cartridges in his musket. Before then, the effectiveness of muzzleloaders was hindered both by the low reloading speed and, before the firing mechanism was perfected, by the very high risk posed by the firearm to the person attempting to fire it.

868: 2038:" to differentiate them from proper machine guns. Submachine guns are commonly associated with high rates of fire, automatic fire capabilities, and low recoil, though many submachine guns differentiate from this in various ways, such as having fairly low rates of fire or including burst and semi-automatic modes available through selective fire. Most submachine guns are the size of carbines and short-barreled rifles, and use similar configurations. Many are designed to take as little space as possible for use in close-quarters or for easy storage in vehicles and cases. Some submachine guns are designed and configured similar to pistols even down to size, and are thus occasionally classed as 3127:), coming into wide service in the early 19th century, offered a dramatic improvement over flintlocks. With the percussion-cap mechanism, the small primer charge of gunpowder used in all preceding firearms was replaced by a completely self-contained explosive charge contained in a small brass "cap". The cap was fastened to the touch hole of the gun (extended to form a "nipple") and ignited by the impact of the gun's "hammer". (The hammer is roughly the same as the cock found on flintlocks except that it does not clamp onto anything.) In the case of percussion caps the hammer was hollow on the end to fit around the cap in order to keep the cap from fragmenting and injuring the shooter. 3594:

that soldiers that fought in Iraq or Afghanistan who significantly engaged in firefights had a linear association with the risk of PTSD. Hoge found that the rates of PTSD ranged from 4.5% from those who had not been involved in firefights to 19.3% to those involved in five or more firefights, displaying an apparent correlation between risk of PTSD and firefights. Additionally, school shootings are often studied and exhibit a connection between PTSD and the involvement with firearms. It was found that rates of PTSD were highest in students that were in direct exposure, which was around 9.7% of the recorded population. Rates would be as low as 3.4% in those with no exposure.

1171: 3503: 2738: 1736: 3615:(NIHL). NIHL can result from long-term exposure to noise or from high intensity impact noises such as gunshots. Individuals who shoot guns often have a characteristic pattern of hearing loss referred to as "shooters ear". They often have a high-frequency loss with better hearing in the low frequencies and one ear is typically worse than the other. The ear on the side the shooter is holding the gun will receive protection from the sound wave from the shoulder while the other ear remains unprotected and more susceptible to the full impact of the sound wave. 2888: 2766: 3260: 2754:(1511). Starting in the 1513, the traditions of German-Bohemian gun-making merged with Turkish gun-making traditions. This resulted in the Indo-Portuguese tradition of matchlocks. Indian craftsmen modified the design by introducing a very short, almost pistol-like buttstock held against the cheek, not the shoulder, when aiming. They also reduced the caliber and made the gun lighter and more balanced. This was a hit with the Portuguese who did a lot of fighting aboard ship and on river craft, and valued a more compact gun. The 2193: 3688:, and not the definition of a title I firearm, which includes firearms not restricted by the NFA. ATF forms dealing with Title II weapons all state the above-mentioned information, however, the above information is only applicable for the purposes of those forms. For practical purposes, a firearm, in the U.S., is defined as the part of a weapon- designed to use expanded gas caused by the combustion of explosive material, to propel a projectile- which houses the fire control group (trigger & sear). 2852:, later replaced by cast iron) through the muzzle, while a fuse was placed at the rear. This fuse was lit, causing the gunpowder to ignite and propel the projectiles. In military use, the standard hand cannon was tremendously powerful, while also being somewhat erratic due to the relative inability of the gunner to aim the weapon, or to control the ballistic properties of the projectile. Recoil could be absorbed by bracing the barrel against the ground using a wooden support, the forerunner of the 2497: 1319: 131: 1542: 2159:

regardless, making their issuance questionable). Thus, per their name, personal defense weapons allow these personnel to effectively defend themselves from enemies and repel attacks themselves or at least until support can arrive. They are not intended for civilian self-defense due to their nature as automatic firearms (which are usually prohibited from civilian purchase), though some semi-automatic PDWs exist for the civilian market, albeit often with longer barrels.

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expel or may be converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of a combustible propellant". For legal reasons, objects can be considered a firearm if they have the appearance of a firearm or are made in a way that makes it possible to convert them to a firearm. Member states may be allowed to exclude from their gun control law items such as antique weapons, or specific purposes items that can only be used for that sole purpose.

2946: 3074: 1438: 3001: 2810: 34: 3543: 3154: 2606: 1836: 2695: 1012: 3400: 636: 2124: 6478: 3880:"Firearm" shall mean any portable barrelled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms or their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899 3339:" cartridge). As a rule, centerfire cartridges are more powerful than rimfire cartridges, operating at considerably higher pressures than rimfire cartridges. Centerfire cartridges are also safer, as a dropped rimfire cartridge has the potential to discharge if its rim strikes the ground with sufficient force to ignite the primer. This is practically impossible with most centerfire cartridges. 1186: 3439:, which would fire cartridges from a magazine as fast as and as long as the operator turned a crank. Eventually, the "rapid" firing mechanism was perfected and miniaturized to the extent that either the recoil of the firearm or the gas pressure from firing could be used to operate it, thus the operator needed only to pull a trigger—this made the firing mechanisms truly "automatic". An 2919:). The term arquebus was applied to many different types of guns. In their earliest form they were defensive weapon mounts on German city walls in the 15th Century. The addition of a shoulder stock, priming pan and matchlock mechanism in the late 15th century turned the arquebus into a handheld firearm, and also first firearm equipped with a trigger. Heavy arquebuses mounted on 3416: 1561: 3193:

magazines permitted the use of larger cartridges and eliminated the hazard of having the bullet of one cartridge butting next to the primer or rim of another cartridge. These magazines are loaded while they are in the weapon, often using a stripper clip. A clip is used to transfer cartridges into the magazine. Some notable weapons that use internal magazines include the

3789:(a) which is designed or adapted, or is capable of being modified, to discharge shot or a bullet or other missile by the expansion of gases produced in the device by the ignition of strongly combustible materials or by compressed air or other gases, whether stored in the device in pressurised containers or produced in the device by mechanical means; and 2971:. This was a muzzleloader in which multiple charges and balls were loaded one on top of the other, with a small hole in each ball to allow the subsequent charge to be ignited after the one ahead of it was ignited. It was neither a very reliable nor popular firearm, but it enabled a form of "automatic" fire long before the advent of the machine gun. 2822:

the enemy. Sometimes Chinese troops would place small projectiles within the barrel that would also be projected when the gunpowder was lit, but most of the explosive force would create flames. Later, the barrel was changed to be made of metal, so that more explosive gunpowder could be used and put more force into the propulsion of projectiles.

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to the effects of oil and other contaminants altering the belt. Later belt-designs used permanently-connected metal links to retain the cartridges during feeding. These belts were more tolerant to exposure to solvents and oil. Notable weapons that use belts include the M240, the M249, the M134 Minigun, and the PK Machine Gun.

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against the inside of the gun-barrel chamber. This prevents the leakage of hot gas which could injure the shooter. The brass cartridge also opened the way for modern repeating arms, by uniting the bullet, gunpowder, and primer into one assembly that could be fed reliably into the breech by mechanical action in the firearm.

3090:" to generate the necessary sparks. (The spring-loaded arm that holds a piece of flint or pyrite is referred to as a cock because of its resemblance to a rooster.) The cock had to be manually reset after each firing, and the flint had to be replaced periodically due to wear from striking the frizzen. (See also 1213:'s barrel has a length of 480 mm (18.9 in), the G36K carbine variant's barrel is 318 mm (12.5 in), and the G36C compact variant's barrel is 228 mm (9.0 in). Some carbines are also redesigned compared to their rifle counterparts, such as the aforementioned G36/G36K and G36C, or the 3619:

the actual gunshot itself. According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, noise above 85 dB can begin to cause hearing loss. While many sounds cause damage over time, at the intensity level of a gunshot (140 dB or louder), damage to the ear can occur instantly.

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both hands, while braced against either the hip or the shoulder for better stability. The receiver and trigger group is mounted into a stock made of wood, plastic, metal, or composite material, which has sections that form a foregrip, rear grip, and optionally (but typically) a shoulder mount called the

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A) The matchlock gun with button for trigger, which came to Lisbon from Bohemia, used by the Portuguese until the conquest of Goa in 1510. B) The Indo-Portuguese matchlock gun resulted from the combination of Portuguese and Goan gunmaking. C) The Japanese matchlock gun appeared as a copy of the first

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is a fire mode of some semi-automatic and automatic firearms that fires a predetermined amount of rounds—usually two or three—in the same manner as automatic fire. Depending on the firearm, a single trigger actuation may fire the full burst of rounds, or it must be depressed for the entire discharge,

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is a firearm action that uses the same automated action cycling as semi-automatic, but continues to do so for as long as the trigger is actuated, until the trigger is let go of or the firearm is depleted of available ammunition. The excess energy released from a discharged cartridge is used to load a

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as "... any firearm which shoots ... automatically more than one shot, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger". "Machine gun" is therefore largely synonymous with "automatic weapon" in American civilian parlance, covering all automatic firearms. In most jurisdictions, automatic

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The Firearms Act 1968 Section 57(1B), uses the definition of a firearm as a "lethal barrelled weapon" as a "barrelled weapon of any description from which a shot, bullet or other missile, with kinetic energy of more than one joule as measured at the muzzle of the weapon, can be discharged". As such,

3432:"repeating firearm" or simply a "repeater". A lever-action rifle, a pump-action shotgun, and most bolt-action rifles are good examples of repeating firearms. A firearm that automatically re-cocks and reloads the next round with each trigger-pull is considered a semi-automatic or autoloading firearm. 3350:

that holds multiple cartridges. A magazine is a part of the firearm which exists to store ammunition and to assist in its feeding by the action into the breech (such as through the rotation of a revolver's cylinder or by spring-loaded platforms in most pistol and rifle designs). Some magazines, such

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from the 10th century was the direct predecessor to the modern concept of the firearm. It was not a gun itself, but an addition to soldiers' spears. Originally it consisted of paper or bamboo barrels that would contain incendiary gunpowder that could be lit one time and which would project flames at

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is a magazine-fed rifle that is capable of automatic fire. They include most assault rifles and battle rifles, but originated as their own category of rifles capable of automatic fire, as opposed to the bolt-action and semi-automatic rifles commonly issued to infantry at the time of their invention.

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is any firearm with a notably long barrel, typically a length of 10 to 30 inches (250 to 760 mm) (there are restrictions on minimum barrel length in many jurisdictions; maximum barrel length is usually a matter of practicality). Unlike a handgun, long guns are designed to be held and fired with

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Known to the Arabs as midfa, was the ancestor of all subsequent forms of cannon. Materials evolved from bamboo to wood to iron quickly enough for the Egyptian Mamelukes to employ the weapon against the Mongols at the battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, which ended the Mongol advance into the Mediterranean

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firearm means a barrelled weapon from which any shot, bullet, or other projectile can be discharged and that is capable of causing serious bodily injury or death to a person, and includes any frame or receiver of such a barrelled weapon and anything that can be adapted for use as a firearm; (arme à

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In 2017, there were 39,773 gun-related deaths in the United States; over 60% were suicides from firearms. In 2001, firearms were involved in cases constituting the second leading cause of "mechanism of injury deaths" (which are deaths which occur as a direct, identifiable, and immediate consequence

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Firearm hazard is quite notable, with a significant impact on the health system. In 2001, for quantification purposes, it was estimated that the cost of fatalities and injuries was US$ 4700 million per year in Canada (US$ 170 per Canadian) and US$ 100,000 million per year in the U.S. (US$

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A belt or ammunition belt, a device used to retain and feed cartridges into a firearm, is commonly used with machine guns. Belts were originally composed of canvas or cloth with pockets spaced evenly to allow the belt to be mechanically fed into the gun. These designs were prone to malfunctions due

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the projectile into the breech. As effective methods of sealing the breech developed along with sturdy, weatherproof, self-contained metallic cartridges, muzzle-loaders were replaced by single-shot breech loaders. Eventually, single-shot weapons were replaced by the following repeater-type weapons.

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Most early firearms were muzzle-loading. This form of loading has several disadvantages, such as a slow rate of fire and having to expose oneself to enemy fire to reload—as the weapon had to be pointed upright so the powder could be poured through the muzzle into the breech, followed by the ramming

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considerably safer, far more weatherproof, and vastly more reliable (cloth-bound cartridges containing a pre-measured charge of gunpowder and a ball had been in regular military service for many years, but the exposed gunpowder in the entry to the touch hole had long been a source of misfires). All

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action, a successor to the matchlock, predated the flintlock. Despite its many faults, the wheellock was a significant improvement over the matchlock in terms of both convenience and safety, since it eliminated the need to keep a smoldering match in proximity to loose gunpowder. It operated using a

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is a firearm action that, after a single discharge, automatically performs the feeding and ignition procedures necessary to prepare the firearm for a subsequent discharge. Semi-automatic firearms only discharge once with each trigger actuation, and the trigger must be actuated again to fire another

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who cannot effectively be defeated by low-powered submachine guns and handguns, often the only firearms suitable for those personnel (while they could be issued rifles or carbines, those would become unnecessary burdens in their normal duties, during which the likelihood of hostility is fairly rare

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The term "firearm" shall not include an antique firearm or any device (other than a machinegun or destructive device) which, although designed as a weapon, the Secretary finds by reason of the date of its manufacture, value, design, and other characteristics is primarily a collector's item and is

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Firearms include a variety of ranged weapons and there is no agreed-upon definition. For instance, English language laws of big legal entities such as the United States, India, the European Union and Canada use different definitions. Other English language definitions are provided by international

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The intensity of a gunshot does vary; lower caliber guns are typically on the softer side while higher caliber guns are often louder. The intensity of a gunshot though typically ranges from 140 dB to 175 dB. Indoor shooting also causes loud reverberations which can also be as damaging as

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were the first and simplest firearms-firing mechanisms developed. In the matchlock mechanism, the powder in the gun barrel was ignited by a piece of burning cord called a "match". The match was wedged into one end of an S-shaped piece of steel. When the trigger (often actually a lever) was pulled,

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Battle rifles serve similar purposes as assault rifles, as they both are usually employed by ground infantry for essentially the same purposes. However, some prefer battle rifles for their more powerful cartridge, despite the added recoil. Some designated marksman rifles are configured from battle

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is a long gun, usually a rifle, that has had its barrel shortened from its original length or is of a certain size smaller than standard rifles, but is still large enough to be considered a long gun. How considerable the difference is between a rifle and a carbine varies; for example, the standard

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PTSD or Post-traumatic stress disorder is extremely prevalent in the aftermath of different firearm-related events, such as mass shootings, injuries, and police-involved incidents. In particular, military Veterans are especially at high risk for the development of PTSD. In 2004, Hoge et al. found

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containing a percussion cap, powder, and a bullet in one weatherproof package. The main technical advantage of the brass cartridge case was the effective and reliable sealing of high-pressure gasses at the breech, as the gas pressure forces the cartridge case to expand outward, pressing it firmly

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Once struck, the flame from the cap, in turn, ignited the main charge of gunpowder, as with the flintlock, but there was no longer any need to charge the touch hole with gunpowder, and even better, the touch hole was no longer exposed to the elements. As a result, the percussion-cap mechanism was

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amended by EU directive 2017/853 set minimum standards regarding civilian firearms acquisition and possession that EU member states must implement into their national legal systems. In this context, since 2017, firearms are considered as "any portable barrelled weapon that expels, is designed to

3331:(called "primers") continue to this day to be the standard in firearms. In cartridge-firing firearms, a hammer (or a firing pin struck by the hammer) strikes the cartridge primer, which then ignites the gunpowder within. The primer charge is at the base of the cartridge, either within the rim (a 3330:

for the charge and ball. This early form of cartridge had to be rammed into the muzzleloader's barrel, and either a small charge of gunpowder in the touch hole or an external percussion cap mounted on the touch hole ignited the gunpowder in the cartridge. Cartridges with built-in percussion caps

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Developments in firearms accelerated during the 19th and 20th centuries. Breech-loading became more or less a universal standard for the reloading of most hand-held firearms and continues to be so with some notable exceptions (such as mortars). Instead of loading individual rounds into weapons,

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is, in simplest terms, a submachine gun that is designed to fire ammunition with ballistic performance that is similar to (but not actually a type of) rifle cartridges, often called "sub-intermediate" cartridges. In this way, it combines the high automatic rate of fire, reliable low recoil, and

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repeating rifles. Both used fixed tubular magazines, the former having the magazine in the buttstock and the latter under the barrel, which allowed a larger capacity. Later weapons used fixed box magazines that could not be removed from the weapon without disassembling the weapon itself. Fixed

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muskets (smooth-bored long guns) were among the first firearms developed. The firearm was loaded through the muzzle with gunpowder, optionally with some wadding, and then with a bullet (usually a solid lead ball, but musketeers could shoot stones when they ran out of bullets). Greatly improved

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Velocities of bullets increased with the use of a "jacket" of metals such as copper or copper alloys that covered a lead core and allowed the bullet to glide down the barrel more easily than exposed lead. Such bullets are known as "full metal jacket" (FMJ). Such FMJ bullets are less likely to

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Many firearms are "single shot": i.e., each time a cartridge is fired, the operator must manually re-cock the firearm and load another cartridge. The classic single-barreled shotgun offers a good example. A firearm that can load multiple cartridges as the firearm is re-cocked is considered a

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records that battles were fought at that time. The firearm had a 17.5 cm (6.9 in) barrel of a 2.5 cm (1 in) diameter, a 6.6 cm (2.6 in) chamber for the gunpowder and a socket for the firearm's handle. It is 34 centimetres (13 in) long and 3.54 kilograms

4788:, p. 32: "The earliest true firearms may well date from as early as the first half of the 1100s. The evidence comes from sculptures in a Buddhist cave temple in Sichuan. The earliest inscription in the cave dates from 1128, but even the later inscriptions all date from the 1100s ." 1225:, are not a variant of any existing design and are their own firearm model. Carbines are regardless very similar to rifles and often have the same actions (single-shot, lever-action, bolt-action, semi-automatic, automatic, etc.). This similarity has given carbines the alternate name of 2789:

That said, the basic principle behind firearm operation remains unchanged to this day. A musket of several centuries ago is still similar in principle to a modern-day rifle—using the expansion of gases to propel projectiles over long distances—albeit less accurately and rapidly.

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and are cheap to mass-produce. They were very common in military service through much of the 20th century, but have since been superseded in most combat roles by rifles, carbines, and personal defense weapons due to their low effective range and poor penetration against most

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Many bullets used with firearms are made of lead. If lead reaches the bloodstream, which can occur when handling ammunition, it can lead to kidney damage and issues with brain development. Extremely high levels can lead to seizures, unconsciousness, and even death.

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of carbines compared to submachine guns. They are also popular with (and were originally mostly intended for) military personnel in roles that are expected to engage in combat, but where a full-size rifle would be an impediment to the primary duties of that soldier

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action represented a major innovation in firearm design. The spark used to ignite the gunpowder in the touch hole came from a sharpened piece of flint clamped in the jaws of a "cock" which, when released by the trigger, struck a piece of steel called the

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fragment on impact and are more likely to traverse through a target while imparting less energy. Hence, FMJ bullets impart less tissue damage than non-jacketed bullets that expand. This led to their adoption for military use by countries adhering to the

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Many firearms made from the late-19th century through the 1950s used internal magazines to load the cartridge into the chamber of the weapon. The most notable and revolutionary weapons of this period appeared during the U.S. Civil War of 1861–1865: the

3815:(i) a device commonly known as a line thrower designed for establishing lines between structures or natural features and powered by compressed air to other compressed gases and used for rescue purposes, rescue training or rescue demonstration; or 2527:

undergo training on the safe practice of using the M16 rifle as a blunt weapon, mainly so that in close-quarter fighting, the weapon cannot be pulled away from them. Other training includes the recruit learning how to jab parts of the body with the

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In India, the arms act, 1959, provides a definition of firearms where "firearms" means arms of any description designed or adapted to discharge a projectile or projectiles of any kind by the action of any explosive or other forms of energy, and

3845:(d) device manufactured to discharge a bullet or any other projectile of a calibre of 5.6 mm (.22 calibre) or higher at a muzzle energy of more than 8 joules (6 ft-lbs), by means of compressed gas and not by means of burning propellant; or 3622:

Shooters use custom hearing protection such as electronic type hearing protection for hunters which can amplify soft sounds like leaves crunching while reducing the intensity of the gunshot and custom hearing protection for skeet shooting.

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Many modern firearms use what are called detachable or box magazines as their method of chambering a cartridge. Detachable magazines can be removed from the weapon without disassembling the firearms, usually by pushing a magazine release.

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firearms that can be fired multiple times per barrel, but can only be fired once with each subsequent pull of the trigger or ignite, and the firearm's action must be reloaded or charged via an internal mechanism between trigger pulls.

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are accurate to ranges of more than 2,000 metres (2,200 yd). (Firearm rounds may be dangerous or lethal well beyond their accurate range; the minimum distance for safety is much greater than the specified range for accuracy.)

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that it fires. A descendant of the musket, rifles produce a single point of impact with each firing with a long range and high accuracy. For this reason, as well as for their ubiquity, rifles are very popular among militaries as

6914: 3355:(the term often mistakenly refers to a detachable "magazine") is a device that holds the ammunition by the rim of the case and is designed to assist the shooter in reloading the firearm's magazine. Examples include revolver 6834: 1090:

variants; and both being popular with militaries, police, and civilians for largely the same reasons. However, unlike rifles, shotguns are less favored in combat roles due to their low accuracy and limited effectiveness in

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In the 52 high- and middle-income countries, with a combined population of 1,400 million and not engaged in civil conflict, fatalities due to firearm injuries were estimated at 115,000 people per annum, in the 1990s.

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From 1990 to 2015, global deaths from assault by firearm rose from 128,000 to 173,000, however this represents a drop in rate from 2.41/100,000 to 2.35/100,000, as world population has increased by more than two billion.

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in each discharge. These shot pellet sizes commonly range between 2 mm #9 birdshot and 8.4 mm #00 (double-aught) buckshot, and produce a cluster of impact points with considerably less range and accuracy, since

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any barreled weapon which will or is designed to or may be readily converted to expel a bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, except antique firearms manufactured before the 20th Century or their replicas;

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were in common use by the military during the early part of the 20th century, and automatic rifles that fired handgun rounds, known as submachine guns, also appeared at this time. Many modern military firearms have a

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is essentially any type of firearm action that is loaded, and usually also fired, one cartridge at a time by the user, rather than automatically. Manual action firearms can be divided into two basic categories:

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combines these categories under a single flexible machine gun platform, often one that is most suitable as a light or medium machine gun but fares well as a heavy machine gun. A closely related concept is the

6884: 6690: 2730:. The precise year of introduction is unknown, but it may be safely concluded to be no earlier than 1460. Before the arrival of the Portuguese in Southeast Asia, the natives already possessed firearms, the 7098: 7083: 6715: 3443:(or "fully automatic") firearm automatically re-cocks, reloads, and fires as long as the trigger is depressed. An automatic firearm is capable of firing multiple rounds with one pull of the trigger. The 6710: 6622: 6597: 5648:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015" 3051:) which was wound up with a key before use and which, when the trigger was pulled, spun against a flint, creating the shower of sparks that ignited the powder in the touch hole. Supposedly invented by 7078: 7055: 6655: 3800:(c) an industrial tool powered by cartridges containing gunpowder or compressed air or other gases which is designed and intended for use for fixing fasteners or plugs or for similar purposes; or 1890:

that require a dedicated crew of soldiers to operate, usually between two and six soldiers depending on the machine gun's operation and the crew members' roles (ammunition bearers, spotters, etc.).

1595:) can be considered a sniper rifle, most sniper rifles are purpose-built for their applications, or are variants of existing rifles that have been modified to function as sniper rifles, such as the 7010: 6792: 6720: 6670: 3873: 1384:, assault rifles have since become extremely popular among militaries and other armed groups due to their universal versatility, and they have made up the vast majority of standard-issue military 605:

hands. U.S. civilians alone account for 393 million (about 46 percent) of the worldwide total of civilian-held firearms. This amounts to "120.5 firearms for every 100 residents". The world's

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lightweight compact maneuverability of submachine guns with the versatility, penetration, and effective range of rifles, effectively making them an "in-between" of submachine guns and carbines.

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and "second-line" personnel not otherwise armed with high-caliber firearms (vehicle and weapon crews, engineers, logistical personnel, etc.) with a method of effective self-defense against

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Though automatic rifles are sometimes considered to be their own category, they are also occasionally considered to be other types of firearms that postdated their invention, usually as

1634:, semi-automatic high-precision rifles, usually chambered in intermediate or full-power cartridges, that fill the range gap between sniper rifles and regular rifles and are designed for 4106: 3468:

option, which is a mechanical switch that allows the firearm to be fired either in the semi-automatic or fully automatic mode. In the current M16A2 and M16A4 variants of the U.S.-made

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with a single pull of the trigger firing a single round or an incomplete burst. Most firearms with burst capabilities have it as a fire mode secondary to semi-automatic and automatic.

4472: 4138: 4086: 2876: 8234: 3836:(a) device manufactured or designed to propel a bullet or projectile through a barrel or cylinder by means of burning propellant, at a muzzle energy exceeding 8 joules (6 ft-lbs); 2836: 2362:

or striker, then moving the handguard forward to load a new cartridge into the chamber. It is most common on shotguns, though pump action rifles and grenade launchers also exist.

4370: 1117:

are break-action shotguns with two parallel barrels (horizontal side-by-side or vertical over-under), allowing two single shots that can be loaded and fired in quick succession.

6844: 6239:"DIRECTIVE 2008/51/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 amending Council Directive 91/477/EEC on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons" 3842:(c) device which is not at the time capable of discharging any bullet or projectile, but which can be readily altered to be a firearm within the meaning of paragraph (a) or (b); 5371:

Saidel, Benjamin. "Matchlocks, Flintlocks, and Saltpetre: The Chronological Implications for the Use of Matchlock Muskets among Ottoman-Period Bedouin in the Southern Levant."

3848:(e) barrel, frame or receiver of a device referred to in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) or (d), but does not include a muzzle loading firearm or any device contemplated in section 5; 1798:

rifles, as well as automatic firearms in general, are prohibited from civilian purchase or are at least heavily restricted; in the U.S. for instance, most automatic rifles are

2671:

had firearms in the late-13th century. Europeans obtained firearms in the 14th century. The Koreans adopted firearms from the Chinese in the 14th century. The Iranians (first

5968: 5076: 3472:, continuous fully-automatic fire is not possible, having been replaced by an automatic burst of three cartridges (this conserves ammunition and increases controllability). 3213:. Firearms that have internal magazines are usually, but not always, rifles. Some exceptions to this include the Mauser C96 pistol, which uses an internal magazine, and the 5775: 4334: 6990: 3523:

of an event, such as a shooting or poisoning, and do not include deaths due to "natural causes" or "indirect causes" such as chronic alcohol abuse or tobacco use) after

3460: 3314:

Cartridges represented a major innovation: firearms ammunition, previously delivered as separate bullets and powder, was combined in a single metallic (usually brass)

1078:

Shotguns share many qualities with rifles, such as both being descendants of early long guns such as the musket; both having bolt-action, lever-action, break-action,

5561: 2054:

developed since the late 20th century. However, they remain popular among special forces and police for their effectiveness in close-quarters and low likelihood to

5402: 3585:

A 2017 study found that attacks account for more than half (50.2%) of all nonfatal gun injuries, while unintentional injuries make up more than one-third (36.7%).

3812:(h) a device commonly known as a kiln gun or ringblaster, designed specifically for knocking out or down solid material in kilns, furnaces or cement silos; or 1456:

is commonly defined as a semi-automatic or selective-fire rifle that is larger or longer than an assault rifle and is chambered in a "full-power" cartridge (e.g.

6934: 3656:(2) a weapon made from a shotgun if such weapon as modified has an overall length of less than 26 inches or a barrel or barrels of less than 18 inches in length; 2722:), was recorded as being used by Java in 1413, the knowledge of making "true" firearms came much later, after the middle of 15th century. It was brought by the 5298: 3662:(4) a weapon made from a rifle if such weapon as modified has an overall length of less than 26 inches or a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length; 6819: 6782: 4935: 4849: 3475:

Automatic weapons are largely restricted to military and paramilitary organizations, though many automatic designs are infamous for their use by civilians.

8227: 6919: 6889: 6839: 6786: 1497: 6220: 6062: 5230: 10376: 6954: 6939: 6929: 6899: 6854: 4408: 3867:

any other weapon or destructive device such as any explosive, incendiary or gas bomb, grenade, rocket, rocket launcher, missile, missile system, or mine.

3692: 3721:(i) artillery, hand-grenades, riot-pistols or weapons of any kind designed or adapted for the discharge of any noxious liquid, gas, or other such thing, 6944: 6869: 6849: 6829: 2856:. Neither the quality nor amount of gunpowder, nor the consistency in projectile dimensions was controlled, with resulting inaccuracy in firing due to 2546:

produced by firearms. For example, "pistol-whipping" typically leaves semicircular or triangular lacerations of skin produced by the butt of a pistol.

271:, etc.), together with the usual means of deportment (i.e. hand-held or mechanical mounting). Further classification may make reference to the type of 6197: 3759:

low-energy air rifles and pistols also fall under UK firearm legislation, although the licensing requirements of low-energy weapons are more relaxed.

6949: 6924: 6879: 6864: 3034: 412:) to achieve optimal operational capacity. Heavy firearms are those that are too large and heavy to be transported on foot, or too unstable against 6242: 6161: 3351:

as that of most centerfire hunting rifles and all revolvers, are internal to and inseparable from the firearm, and are loaded by using a "clip". A

1874:

to support infantry advances or defend positions from enemy assaults. Owing to their versatility and firepower, they are also commonly installed on

10899: 7458: 6909: 4493: 853:

depending on caliber and firing mechanism. Since the 19th and 20th centuries, various types of long guns have been created for different purposes.

7684: 4443: 1905:, belt-fed machine guns of a full-power caliber and a certain weight that can be operated by an individual but tend to work best with a crew; and 10688: 10446: 8220: 6617: 6291:"Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials" 5757: 2758:

gunfounders, compared as being in the same level with those of Germany, quickly adapted these new firearms, and thus a new type of arquebus, the

6294: 5810: 3135:

manufactured since the second half of the 19th-century use percussion caps except those built as replicas of the flintlock or earlier firearms.

7103: 7000: 6894: 2480:

is the capability of a firearm to have its fire mode adjusted between semi-automatic, burst, or automatic. The modes are chosen by means of a

5262: 696:, which have a single fixed firing chamber machined into the rear of the barrel, and are often loaded using magazines of varying capacities; 4530: 158:

charge and is designed to be readily carried and operated by an individual. The term is legally defined further in different countries (see

4464: 2549:

In armed robberies, beating the victims with firearms is a more common way to complete the robbery, rather than shooting or stabbing them.

609:

control about 133 million (about 13 percent) of the global total of small arms, of which over 43 percent belong to two countries: the

6322: 326:

are accurate to 500 metres (550 yd; 1,600 ft) using iron sights, or to longer ranges whilst using optical sights. Purpose-built

6123: 4910: 4764: 4264: 2228:

firearms that can only be fired once per barrel before it must be reloaded or charged via an external mechanism or series of steps; and

1273:. Carbines are also common among civilian firearm owners who have size, space, and power concerns similar to military and police users. 235:(i.e. bore diameter). For pistols and rifles this is given in millimeters or inches (e.g. 7.62mm or .308 in.); in the case of shotguns, 10592: 6725: 6346: 6268: 5425: 4377: 3524: 2621: 166: 5789: 5629: 5216:"The 1899 Hague Declaration concerning Expanding Bullets A treaty effective for more than 100 years faces complex contemporary issues" 7035: 7005: 6607: 4657: 2762:, appeared. The Japanese did not acquire firearms until the 16th century, and then from the Portuguese rather than from the Chinese. 4628: 3303:

substance contained in the cartridge is the percussion cap. In English-speaking countries, the 6mm Flobert cartridge corresponds to

7424: 6632: 5975: 2314:; when the bolt is returned to the forward position, a new cartridge, if loaded, is pushed out of the magazine and into the barrel 5045: 3574:

To prevent unintentional injury, gun safety training includes education on proper firearm storage and firearm-handling etiquette.

10836: 9902: 6755: 5444: 4342: 4133: 4076: 3960: 3626:

Even with hearing protection, due to the high intensity of the noise guns produce shooters still develop hearing loss over time.

3571:

In those 52 countries, a firearm is the first method used for homicide (two-thirds) but only the second method for suicide (20%.

4840:(2003). "Gunpowder Composition for Rockets and Cannon in Arabic Military Treatises in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries". 4198: 2329:, which does not require the bolt to be rotated, simplifying the bolt action mechanism and allowing for a greater rate of fire. 1854:

is a fully-automatic firearm, chambered in intermediate or full-power rifle cartridges, designed to provide sustained automatic

10893: 7831: 7768: 6874: 1153: 601:

reported that there were over one billion firearms distributed globally, of which 857 million (about 85 percent) were in

7836: 6959: 6685: 6460: 6434: 6415: 6396: 6376: 6086: 5502: 5470: 5396: 4758: 4680: 4307: 4258: 4118: 4066: 3447:

may have been the first automatic weapon, though the modern trigger-actuated machine gun was not widely introduced until the

1546: 1229:(SBR), though this more accurately describes a full-size rifle with a shortened carbine-style barrel for close-quarters use. 499: 4970: 3295:" for this cartridge, as these rifles and pistols were designed to be shot in indoor shooting-parlors in large homes. These 10851: 10726: 6592: 1104: 918:

Many types of rifles exist owing to their wide adoption and versatility, ranging from mere barrel length differences as in

455:

and are compact enough to be operated to full capacity by a single infantryman (individual-served) are also referred to as

8038: 5320: 3291:

in 1845. His cartridge consisted of a percussion cap with a bullet attached to the top. Flobert then made what he called "

2208:

Types aside, firearms are also categorized by their "action", which describes their loading, firing, and unloading cycle.

543: 7060: 7050: 5531: 5386: 193:

in 1132. In the 13th century, fire lance barrels were replaced with metal tubes and transformed into the metal-barreled

8569: 7015: 5943: 4923:

The first hand cannon appeared during the 1260 Battle of Ain Jalut between the Egyptians and Mongols in the Middle East

4123: 3918: 2783: 3724:(ii) accessories for any such firearm designed or adapted to diminish the noise or flash caused by the firing thereof, 3059:, the wheellock action was an innovation that was not widely adopted due to the high cost of the clockwork mechanism. 98: 10904: 10683: 10678: 6510: 5189: 5149: 4964: 4904: 4653: 4599: 4579: 4559: 3427:

capable of being fired automatically. It is in service by the U.S. military and has a wide ability for customization.

1718: 117: 5294: 4465:"U.S.C. Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure | Part I - Crimes | Chapter 44 - Firearms | Sec. 921 - Definitions" 70: 10631: 10609: 10216: 8723: 7030: 7025: 6536: 5863: 5834: 5593: 4169: 736: 7679: 4733:

Then I grabbed the AK (assault rifle), which was at his feet, and started muzzle thumping him in the head with it.

4648:"Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques," Vincent J. M. DiMaio, 1999, 3828:

In South Africa, Firearms Control Act defines firearms since June 2001, with a 2006 amendment of the definition:

867: 700:, which have a number of firing chambers or "charge holes" in a revolving cylinder, each one loaded with a single 9149: 6650: 6587: 5861:

Miniño, AM; Anderson, RN; Fingerhut, LA; Boudreault, MA; Warner, M (January 31, 2006). "Deaths: injuries, 2002".

4022: 10824: 10765: 10643: 10614: 10566: 10396: 10351: 10238: 10026: 8851: 8196: 7255: 6217: 5215: 5114:

Andaya, L. Y. 1999. Interaction with the outside world and adaptation in Southeast Asian society 1500–1800. In

4031: 4017: 3379:. In this sense, "magazines" and "clips", though often used synonymously, refer to different types of devices. 1818: 1764: 348: 77: 55: 4949:

Books, Amber; Dickie, Iain; Jestice, Phyllis; Jorgensen, Christer; Rice, Rob S.; Dougherty, Martin J. (2009).

4397: 1782:. Automatic rifles are sometimes confused with machine guns or vice versa, or are defined as such by law; the 711:

There are various types of the aforementioned handguns designed for different mechanisms or purposes, such as

10653: 9809: 7448: 6642: 1787: 9994: 1690: 10889: 10873: 10738: 10693: 7417: 7260: 6811: 6189: 4724: 4128: 3311:

ammunition. These cartridges have a relatively low muzzle-velocity of around 700 ft/s (210 m/s).

2418: 1866:, though many machine guns are also fed by box, drum, pan, or hopper magazines. They generally have a high 352: 5891: 732: 673:, a firearm that can be used with a single hand. They are the smallest of all firearms, and are common as 10953: 10943: 10909: 10868: 10807: 10619: 9433: 9287: 9279: 9042: 6559: 6153: 5832:

Anderson, RN; Miniño, AM; Fingerhut, LA; Warner, M; Heinen, MA (June 2, 2004). "Deaths: injuries, 2001".

3992: 1922: 1714: 1493: 1269:, etc.), though since the turn of the millennium these have been superseded to a degree in some roles by 84: 5999: 4670: 2294:

is a repeating (and rarely single-shot) action that is operated by directly manipulating the bolt via a

845:

up to the mid-19th century, were generally smoothbore firearms that fired one or more ball shot, called

10863: 10406: 9989: 8611: 8586: 7666: 7373: 7265: 6985: 6980: 6773: 5046:"L'Artillerie legere nousantarienne: A propos de six canons conserves dans des collections portugaises" 4435: 3928: 3612: 3102:.) The flintlock was widely used during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries in both muskets and rifles. 2441:(uses high-pressure gas from a fired cartridge to dispose of the spent case and load a new cartridge). 1654: 787: 10051: 6238: 6024: 4494:"Firearms - Guides - Importation & Verification of Firearms - Gun Control Act Definition - Pistol" 1170: 10748: 10371: 9907: 8995: 7783: 6482: 6290: 5802: 2751: 1710: 1631: 1619: 4881:"War and Medicine: A Brief History of the Military's Contribution to Wound Care Through World War I" 3555: 3502: 1232:

The small size of a carbine provides lower weight and better maneuverability, making them ideal for

66: 10514: 10308: 10031: 9651: 9453: 8536: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8368: 7531: 7300: 7123: 6554: 6549: 4056: 3948: 3514:

countries, 2010, ordered by total death rates (homicide plus suicide plus other gun-related deaths)

1886:. Many machine guns are individual-served and can be operated by a single soldier, though some are 1658: 579: 51: 20: 5254: 3792:(b) whether or not operable or complete or temporarily or permanently inoperable or incomplete 1930:, a portable light machine gun or even a modified rifle that is designed and fielded to provide a 1587:

farther than that of a standard rifle. Though any rifle in a sniper configuration (usually with a

10504: 10303: 9944: 9885: 9249: 9234: 9108: 8863: 8719: 8450: 8201: 8018: 7410: 6574: 6544: 5486: 5362:

Weir, William. 50 Weapons That Changed Warfare. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page, 2005. 71–74. Print.

4952:

Fighting Techniques of Naval Warfare: Strategy, Weapons, Commanders, and Ships: 1190 BC – Present

4522: 4101: 3904: 3185: 2711: 2707: 2684: 2501: 2118: 2070: 1674: 1630:, a broad class of rifles generally summed up as short, lightweight, portable sniper rifles; and 1270: 1114: 1107:. Shotguns are still popular with civilians for the suitability of their shot spread in hunting, 994: 783: 640: 527: 44: 2639:, China. The sculpture dates to the 12th century and represents a figure carrying a vase-shaped 10770: 10733: 10509: 10021: 9784: 9661: 9539: 9502: 9185: 9062: 8922: 8858: 8623: 8562: 7566: 7463: 7213: 6315: 4071: 4036: 3268: 2594: 2371: 1966: 1950: 1927: 1898: 1646: 1481: 1477: 1342: 1266: 1083: 744: 618: 264: 6115: 5750: 5490: 4746: 4248: 3839:(b) device manufactured or designed to discharge rim-fire, centre-fire or pin-fire ammunition; 10441: 10366: 10336: 10061: 9870: 9458: 9438: 9022: 8939: 8846: 8531: 8265: 7866: 7437: 7148: 7143: 7138: 6564: 6503: 5738: 4956: 4880: 4096: 4061: 3943: 3685: 3284: 2864:

and the shot. Hand cannons were replaced around the 15th century by lighter carriage-mounted

2524: 2303: 2167: 2128: 2094: 2082: 2046: 2000: 1783: 1277: 1233: 1210: 1121: 1100: 720: 591: 515: 307: 236: 6264: 5422: 10489: 10471: 10461: 9969: 9708: 9601: 9403: 9336: 8351: 8346: 7511: 7453: 6582: 5626: 4710: 3730:(iv) carriages, platforms, and appliances for mounting, transporting and serving artillery; 3315: 3250: 2600: 2543: 2450: 2274: 2266: 2155: 1678: 1670: 1596: 1241: 1108: 986: 927: 919: 791: 701: 452: 8508: 8470: 5937:"Personal Firearms Programs that Promote Safe Storage and Research on Their Effectiveness" 5142:

Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards

5128:

The bewitched gun : the introduction of the firearm in the Far East by the Portuguese

3326:

together with a ball in a small cloth bag (or rolled paper cylinder), which also acted as

2019: 2004: 659: 8: 10599: 10582: 10484: 10426: 10148: 10131: 9949: 9892: 9880: 9875: 9853: 9739: 9703: 9606: 9581: 9544: 9482: 9398: 8907: 8445: 8298: 8280: 8212: 7919: 7871: 7671: 7193: 6087:"Lead poisoning: Spot symptoms and limit exposure-Lead poisoning - Symptoms & causes" 4751:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

4624: 4250:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

3965: 3938: 3912: 3908: 3900: 3347: 3178: 3091: 2737: 2683:) all got them no later than the 15th century, from the Ottoman Turks. The people of the 2651:

made of bronze, has been dated to 1288 because it was discovered at a site in modern-day

2430: 2299: 2201: 1635: 1607: 1362: 1133: 990: 803: 571: 441: 370: 331: 189:, operable by a single person, which was later used effectively as a shock weapon in the 8547: 6369:

The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History

5538:

of the official website (in French) of a modern indoor-shooting association in Belgium,

5295:"Andrew Knighton, The Development of Early Handguns, warhistoryonline.com, Oct 19, 2018" 5026:

Mayers (1876). "Chinese explorations of the Indian Ocean during the fifteenth century".

5011: 2887: 2632:) was combined with projectiles such as scrap metal, broken porcelain, or darts/arrows. 2034:). They cannot be considered machine guns due to their small caliber, hence the prefix " 1461: 421: 10948: 10814: 10760: 10721: 10421: 10411: 10223: 10211: 9829: 9611: 9418: 9388: 9052: 8774: 8087: 7734: 7651: 7198: 7158: 7128: 6527: 6023:

Montgomerie, John Z.; Lawrence, Amy E.; LaMotte, Adam D.; Taft, Casey T. (2015-03-01).

5721: 5696: 5672: 5647: 5068: 4929: 4861: 4837: 4696: 3979: 3742: 3332: 3288: 2980: 2481: 2315: 2042:, even if they are not actually a handgun (i.e. designed to require two hands to use). 1902: 1887: 1791: 1393: 1388:

since the mid-20th century. Various configurations of assault rifle exist, such as the

1262: 1254: 815: 807: 610: 587: 575: 409: 239:(e.g. 12 ga. and 20 ga.). They are also described by the type of action employed (e.g. 6227:

does not consider an air gun to be a firearm and does not regulate airguns as firearms

5712: 5663: 5495:

Cartridges of the World: A Complete and Illustrated Reference for Over 1500 Cartridges

5441: 3702:

rather than through chemical propellant combustion, then the device is technically an

2892: 10938: 10531: 10526: 10479: 10416: 10401: 10196: 9999: 9964: 9819: 9779: 9727: 9559: 9443: 9199: 9123: 9093: 9057: 9047: 9005: 8839: 8590: 8555: 8526: 8488: 8435: 8288: 8076: 7981: 7821: 7773: 7704: 7609: 7591: 7402: 7275: 7250: 7245: 7178: 7153: 6778: 6456: 6430: 6411: 6392: 6372: 6340: 6044: 5872: 5843: 5726: 5677: 5612: 5498: 5466: 5392: 5328: 5185: 5145: 5072: 4960: 4900: 4853: 4754: 4676: 4649: 4595: 4575: 4555: 4254: 4007: 3440: 3388: 3352: 3202: 3124: 3115: 3052: 2765: 2755: 2539: 2414: 2400: 2359: 2229: 2187: 2074: 2015: 1906: 1894: 1879: 1779: 1400: 1358: 1087: 1048: 755: 598: 539: 531: 519: 268: 190: 91: 4194: 3754:

In the UK, a firearm does not have to use a combustible propellant, as explained by

3259: 1844: 1550: 1457: 1446: 1346: 1198: 1040: 10858: 10775: 10713: 10562: 10456: 10356: 10346: 10313: 10248: 9954: 9814: 9698: 9596: 9591: 9413: 9361: 9219: 9209: 9139: 9080: 8951: 8677: 8582: 8518: 8318: 8308: 8270: 8097: 7940: 7935: 7881: 7661: 7641: 7561: 7506: 7391: 7330: 7295: 7285: 7218: 7173: 7168: 7133: 6627: 6496: 6036: 5716: 5708: 5667: 5659: 5602: 5060: 4892: 4888: 4299: 4091: 4051: 3988: 3681: 3372: 3194: 2853: 2640: 2529: 2513: 2485: 2422: 2413:

and discharging said new cartridge by delivering a hammer or striker impact on the

2391:

Types of semi-automatic actions and modes include automatic, burst, and selective.

2358:

rearward (frontward on some models), ejecting any spent cartridges and cocking the

2171: 1918: 1883: 1875: 1871: 1799: 1588: 1301: 1281: 1043:

during flight. Shotguns are also capable of firing single solid projectiles called

958: 891: 872: 682: 674: 621:

control about 23 million (about 2 percent) of the global total of small arms.

547: 417: 386: 344: 315: 206: 5589:"Violent Death Rates: The US Compared with Other High-income OECD Countries, 2010" 5342: 3551: 2967:

One interesting solution to the reloading problem was the "Roman Candle Gun" with

2953: 894:(inner) surface of its barrel, imparting a gyroscopically stabilizing spin to the 708:, broadly defined as any handgun that is not a traditional pistol nor a revolver. 10846: 10841: 10648: 10638: 10521: 10499: 10228: 10014: 9959: 9683: 9492: 9366: 9351: 9331: 9144: 9012: 8929: 8912: 8875: 8812: 8802: 8061: 8013: 7948: 7501: 7315: 7183: 6765: 6224: 5633: 5607: 5588: 5535: 5448: 5429: 4950: 4081: 4026: 3755: 3699: 3364: 2968: 2950: 2652: 2566: 2560: 2533: 2262: 2175: 2147: 2055: 1840: 1814: 1772: 1735: 1730: 1694: 1650: 1615: 1584: 1554: 1524: 1258: 1149: 1145: 1125: 1064: 962: 931: 912: 811: 678: 292: 3582:

Based on US data, it is estimated that three people are injured for one killed.

2875:

In the 1420s, gunpowder was used to propel missiles from hand-held tubes during

2860:, variance in gunpowder composition, and the difference in diameter between the 2192: 10386: 10206: 10056: 9974: 9799: 9754: 9628: 9564: 9554: 9465: 9423: 9393: 9314: 9103: 8973: 8894: 8868: 8819: 8493: 8440: 8336: 8293: 8260: 8183: 8145: 7724: 7656: 7335: 7290: 7280: 7240: 6444: 6408:

Association of Firearm Instructors Glossary of Firearm Terms: 2017–2018 Edition

6025:"The link between posttraumatic stress disorder and firearm violence: A review" 4046: 4041: 3923: 3465: 3335:

cartridge) or in a small percussion cap embedded in the center of the base (a "

3235: 3198: 3157: 3120: 3111: 2984: 2904: 2848:

from the 13th century, was loaded with gunpowder and the projectile (initially

2747: 2488:. Selective fire is most commonly found on assault rifles and submachine guns. 2468: 2311: 2295: 2254: 2039: 2027: 1990: 1958: 1623: 1338: 1249: 1245: 1237: 1096: 1092: 1068: 1052: 763: 724: 507: 488: 6040: 5934: 5913: 3671:(7) any silencer (as defined in section 921 of title 18, United States Code); 2325:, where the bolt must be axially rotated to unlock and lock the receiver; and 2132: 10932: 10587: 10046: 10004: 9676: 9636: 9616: 9576: 9524: 9512: 9497: 9371: 9356: 9229: 9166: 9154: 8988: 8978: 8968: 8963: 8946: 8917: 8829: 8749: 8364: 8303: 8173: 8125: 7861: 7851: 7744: 7699: 7601: 7556: 7536: 7368: 7358: 7305: 7228: 7208: 7070: 6364: 6048: 5524: 5182:

The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: Volume 1, From Early Times to C.1800

4857: 3644: 3484: 3424: 3360: 3272: 3099: 2731: 2688: 2680: 2438: 2258: 1600: 1385: 1313: 1293: 1072: 1035: 900: 799: 740: 728: 503: 362: 10431: 10068: 5936: 5064: 4896: 3653:(1) a shotgun having a barrel or barrels of less than 18 inches in length; 2496: 2236:

Types of manual actions include lever action, bolt action, and pump action.

1744: 1472:

to differentiate older full-powered rifles of these configurations like the

1465: 876: 322:

generally does not exceed 100 metres (110 yd; 330 ft), while most

10793: 10785: 10665: 10604: 10574: 10554: 10361: 10186: 10036: 9794: 9789: 9764: 9759: 9744: 9671: 9586: 9534: 9519: 9487: 9376: 9171: 9118: 9017: 8958: 8934: 8712: 8692: 8682: 8672: 8668: 8130: 8105: 8055: 7996: 7968: 7914: 7729: 7619: 7491: 7363: 7310: 7270: 7223: 5876: 5847: 5730: 5681: 5616: 4012: 3974: 3970: 3435:

The first "rapid firing" firearms were usually similar to the 19th-century

3343: 3276: 3148: 3144: 3132: 2960: 2719: 2656: 2613: 2556: 2505: 2434: 2261:

area (often incorporating it) that is pulled down then back up to move the

2245: 2102: 1978: 1910: 1867: 1706: 1536: 1520: 1432: 1381: 1377: 1366: 1318: 1137: 1044: 1016: 974: 947: 943: 935: 771: 759: 716: 686: 606: 511: 437: 425: 405: 382: 374: 327: 279:) and to the barrel length (e.g. 24 inches), to the firing mechanism (e.g. 248: 244: 240: 130: 5695:

GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014).

5118:. ed. Nicholas Tarling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 345–401. 2035: 1541: 1354: 1350: 1327: 299:

rifle), or to the commonly accepted name for a particular variation (e.g.

10802: 10797: 10494: 10341: 10281: 10153: 10136: 10009: 9984: 9897: 9834: 9804: 9774: 9749: 9713: 9688: 9656: 9646: 9641: 9529: 9507: 9341: 9309: 9214: 9113: 9034: 8754: 8372: 8330: 8322: 8168: 8160: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7816: 7778: 7571: 7526: 7521: 7496: 7203: 7188: 3997: 3984: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3394: 3356: 3296: 3264: 3189: 3161: 2845: 2831: 2715: 2648: 2609: 2338: 2286: 2225: 1995: 1946: 1935: 1855: 1830: 1806: 1768: 1756: 1698: 1686: 1662: 1627: 1580: 1565: 1484:, but it is sometimes used to describe similar modern rifles such as the 1365:. Assault rifles are also usually smaller than full-sized rifles such as 1248:, considerably so since the late 1990s due to the familiarity and better 1179: 1079: 982: 954: 939: 842: 795: 712: 523: 492: 311: 300: 256: 252: 201:

during the 14th century. Older firearms typically used black powder as a

194: 4865: 4335:"Small Arms Survey reveals: More than one billion firearms in the world" 4163: 3659:(3) a rifle having a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length; 2433:(uses energy from the cartridge case as it is pushed by expanding gas), 650: 10703: 10698: 10670: 10558: 10451: 10391: 10381: 10264: 10191: 10163: 10091: 9929: 9865: 9693: 9549: 9408: 9383: 9346: 9299: 8880: 8824: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8628: 8341: 8252: 8071: 8033: 8024: 7909: 7896: 7886: 7846: 7826: 7709: 7646: 7596: 7546: 7516: 4002: 3896: 3488: 3420: 3336: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3254: 3005: 2818: 2804: 2672: 2644: 2625: 2577: 2517: 2410: 2307: 2270: 2204:(bottom); these weapons' actions are common for their respective types. 2197: 2151: 2086: 2051: 2031: 1909:, machine guns that are too large and heavy to be carried and are thus 1859: 1618:, anti-materiel rifles that were designed specifically to combat early 1416: 1297: 1289: 1222: 1190: 1175: 1141: 1031: 779: 775: 767: 555: 551: 378: 366: 359: 272: 225: 214: 210: 202: 186: 5694: 3550:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

2664:(7.8 lb) without the handle, which would have been made of wood. 404:. Light firearms are those that can be readily carried by individual 10298: 10293: 10276: 10201: 10158: 9979: 9934: 9769: 9569: 9475: 9470: 9448: 9304: 9224: 9159: 9098: 8797: 8729: 8687: 8498: 8426: 8178: 8150: 8135: 8120: 8115: 8081: 7904: 7876: 7841: 7806: 7796: 7755: 7719: 7586: 7551: 7541: 7486: 7163: 5013:

A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries

3469: 3456: 3376: 3368: 3342:

Nearly all contemporary firearms load cartridges directly into their

3323: 3206: 3095: 3082: 3073: 3068: 3043: 3029: 3016: 2995: 2920: 2865: 2849: 2770: 2759: 2699: 2629: 2355: 2351: 2090: 1974: 1942: 1810: 1642: 1579:

is, per widespread definition, a high-powered precision rifle, often

1512: 1501: 1473: 1437: 1420: 1236:

and storage in compact areas. This makes them popular firearms among

1194: 1129: 970: 966: 705: 535: 472: 288: 284: 280: 178: 174: 155: 135: 5792:, where it states that the figures are for July 1 of the given year. 3000: 2809: 33: 10755: 10743: 10286: 10170: 10126: 10116: 10111: 10087: 9839: 9824: 9428: 9319: 8983: 8834: 8792: 8744: 8697: 8455: 8140: 7973: 7811: 7763: 7739: 7581: 7576: 7481: 7473: 6969: 6236: 4107:

List of weapons of military aircraft of Germany during World War II

3933: 3785:"firearm" means any device, whether or not assembled or in parts — 3214: 3153: 3056: 2900: 2869: 2706:

Even though the knowledge of making gunpowder-based weapons in the

2676: 2605: 1863: 1760: 1666: 1611: 1500:, both essentially heavily modified and modernized variants of the 1469: 1060: 1056: 1020: 850: 827: 739:

revolvers; and small, compact handguns for concealed carry such as

697: 670: 655: 644: 602: 476: 468: 433: 401: 260: 142:, two common firearms with significant influences on firearm design 2694: 1835: 1603:

that was modified to be lighter and come with a telescopic sight.

1011: 903:, police as accurate long-range alternatives to their traditional 10626: 10318: 10233: 10141: 10121: 10099: 9939: 9666: 9326: 9076: 9000: 8784: 8739: 8734: 8702: 8110: 8066: 8043: 8004: 7992: 7856: 7801: 7633: 7614: 7353: 7325: 7320: 5935:

United States Government Accountability Office (September 2017).

5860: 4298:

Weller, Jac; Guilmartin, John; Ezell, Edward (November 7, 2017).

4139:

Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU

4087:

List of secondary and special-issue World War II infantry weapons

3703: 3408: 3399: 3327: 3322:

Before this, a "cartridge" was simply a pre-measured quantity of

3087: 3048: 2945: 2861: 2857: 2636: 2581: 2570: 2106: 2098: 2023: 1682: 1569: 1485: 1389: 1218: 1165: 1006: 923: 908: 904: 887: 635: 630: 563: 559: 484: 460: 429: 296: 276: 232: 221: 217: 198: 19:

This article is about the projectile weapon. For other uses, see

5463:

Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Firearms and Their Values

3809:(f) a device designed for the discharge of signal flares; or 2123: 1071:

shotgun. Shotgun munitions, regardless of type, are packed into

926:, to classifications per the rifle's function and purpose as in 10436: 10328: 10243: 10041: 8807: 8707: 8638: 8460: 8049: 7891: 7791: 7714: 7694: 7689: 7629: 6519: 6477: 4806: 3727:(iii) parts of, and machinery for manufacturing, fire-arms, and 2940: 2668: 2426: 2163: 1962: 1914: 1740: 1516: 1442: 1373: 1323: 895: 846: 693: 583: 567: 464: 448: 413: 319: 170: 6154:"Gunshots and hearing loss -- why hearing protection is vital" 6022: 4165:

Association of Firearm Instructors – Glossary of Firearm Terms

3781:

Australia has a definition of firearms in its 1996 legal act:

2635:

An early depiction of a firearm is a sculpture from a cave in

1795:

Title 26, Subtitle E, Chapter 53, Subchapter B, Part 1, § 5845

1507:

Examples of rifles considered to be battle rifles include the

9259: 9254: 9239: 9194: 8890: 8503: 8480: 8465: 5831: 3452: 3404: 2727: 2723: 2066: 2062: 1954: 1931: 1702: 1673:. Examples of anti-materiel and anti-tank rifles include the 1592: 1508: 1412: 1404: 1214: 1103:

and sometimes limited to underbarrel attachments such as the

1034:

barrel—meaning it lacks rifling—designed to fire a number of

862: 751: 614: 480: 323: 182: 139: 5465:(9 ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. p. 775. 4711:"Pistol-whip Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com" 1862:

of standard rifles. They are commonly associated with being

1771:'s standard machine gun at the time, was fed by a 250-round 1185: 408:, though they might still require more than one individual ( 4948: 4552:

The Fighting Rifle: A Complete Study of the Rifle in Combat

3511: 2928: 2350:

is a repeating action that is operated by moving a sliding

8242: 6488: 3415: 369:

driven by rapidly expanding high-pressure gas produced by

9244: 9204: 8633: 8618: 8577: 6410:. United States: The Association of Firearm Instructors. 4796: 4794: 3210: 2078: 1970: 1802:

that require certain licenses and are greatly regulated.

1560: 1408: 1285: 978: 365:

that inflicts damage on targets by launching one or more

151: 4614:, vol. II, The Goetz Company, Washington, D.C. (1967): 1 3588: 2417:. Automatic firearms are further defined by the type of 1870:

and a large ammunition capacity, and are often used for

10553: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6140: 4604: 2014:

is a magazine-fed carbine chambered in a small-caliber

7432: 4791: 4430: 4428: 3767:

In Canada, firearms are defined by the Criminal Code:

2844:

The original predecessor of all firearms, the Chinese

2516:, for instance to conserve limited ammunition or when 1392:, in which the firing grip is located in front of the 213:. Most modern firearms (with the notable exception of 4850:

International Committee for the History of Technology

4329: 4327: 4325: 4297: 4189: 4187: 3459:(in service from 1914). Automatic rifles such as the 2437:(use propellant gas pressure to open the breech), or 1697:. Examples of designated marksman rifles include the 6427:

Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History

6265:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Criminal Code" 6137: 4279: 4231:

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged

4224:

American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

3647:, under 26 USC § 5845 (a), the term "firearm" means 1498:

United States Marine Corps Designated Marksman Rifle

6237:European Parliament and the Council (21 May 2008). 4818: 4498:

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

4425: 3806:(e) a spear gun designed for underwater use; or 3693:

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

3665:(5) any other weapon, as defined in subsection (e); 2702:, a result of Indo-Portuguese gun-making traditions 2146:Personal defense weapons were developed to provide 1893:Machine guns can be divided into three categories: 1755:They usually have smaller magazine capacities than 58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5586: 5497:. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 441. 5479: 4988: 4322: 4184: 3858:An inter-American convention defines firearms as: 3038:A wheellock pistol mechanism from the 17th century 2691:at least by the last quarter of the 15th century. 2409:new cartridge into the chamber, then igniting the 2253:is a repeating action that is operated by using a 1622:, but are now largely obsolete due to advances in 692:Handguns can be categorized into two broad types: 4934:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 2628:(a bamboo or metal tube that could shoot ignited 2620:The first firearms were invented in 10th century 2162:Examples of personal defense weapons include the 343:For a more detailed list of common firearms, see 10930: 7710:Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket 5646:Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, MohsenA (October 2016). 5587:Grinshteyn, Erin; Hemenway, David (March 2016). 5005: 5003: 4371:Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers 1641:Examples of sniper and scout rifles include the 1610:, high-caliber rifles designed to destroy enemy 953:Examples of rifles of various types include the 10874:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW) 7745:Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket 6063:"PTSD Can Persist Months After School Shooting" 5772:"World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision" 5373:International Journal of Historical Archaeology 5121: 4878: 3346:. Some additionally or exclusively load from a 3299:cartridges do not contain any powder, the only 3271:cartridge (1871), a later drawn brass .577/450 392:In the military, firearms are categorized into 5485: 4584: 4564: 4544: 2903:is a long gun that appeared in Europe and the 2647:coming out of it. The oldest surviving gun, a 295:), to the design's primary intended use (e.g. 165:The first firearms originated in 10th-century 8563: 8228: 7418: 6504: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6110: 6108: 6106: 5093: 5000: 4392: 4390: 4246: 4226:(4 ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 2714:(1293), and the predecessor of firearms, the 1843:, a general-purpose machine gun chambered in 938:, to differences in the rifle's action as in 197:. The technology gradually spread throughout 9277: 6194:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 5764: 5037: 4744: 4515: 4364: 4362: 4360: 3695:, if gas pressurization is achieved through 2710:archipelago had been known after the failed 1178:, a uniquely-designed carbine, chambered in 574:(Russia). Former top producers included the 306:Shooters aim firearms at their targets with 10086: 5645: 4376:(Report). Small Arms Survey. Archived from 3756:Crown Prosecution Service Guidance Firearms 3611:A common hazard of repeated firearm use is 2742:firearm introduced in the Japanese islands. 2112: 8570: 8556: 8235: 8221: 7425: 7411: 6511: 6497: 6175: 6103: 5966: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5460: 5133: 4610:Musgave, Daniel D., and Thomas B. Nelson, 4387: 4368: 2542:recognizes evidence for various types of 1403:of Soviet and Russian origin (such as the 231:Modern firearms can be described by their 6211: 6004:The Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence 5720: 5671: 5606: 5580: 5144:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4879:Broughton, George; Burris, David (2010). 4836: 4725:"US Soldier: How We Stopped Train Gunman" 4357: 4242: 4240: 4217: 4215: 3853: 2508:a target dummy with an unloaded M16 rifle 2131:, a personal defense weapon chambered in 2045:Submachine guns are considered ideal for 1805:Examples of automatic rifles include the 1614:such as vehicles, supplies, or hardware; 118:Learn how and when to remove this message 5892:"Death index: Top 59 ways Americans die" 5774:. UN Population Division. Archived from 5756:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5099: 5009: 4436:"Firearms Act 1996 - Sect 3 Definitions" 3803:(d) a captive bolt humane killer; or 3501: 3414: 3398: 3258: 3152: 3072: 3033: 2999: 2944: 2886: 2835: 2808: 2764: 2736: 2726:nations of West Asia, most probably the 2693: 2604: 2495: 2491: 2306:, ejecting a cartridge, and cocking the 2191: 2122: 2061:Examples of submachine guns include the 1994: 1834: 1734: 1559: 1540: 1436: 1317: 1184: 1169: 1010: 866: 649: 634: 590:(Austria), and Rock Island Armory under 129: 6443: 6363: 5889: 5688: 5639: 5545: 5179: 5164: 5116:The Cambridge history of southeast Asia 5043: 4812: 4672:Robbery and the Criminal Justice System 4668: 4592:Special Forces Combat Firing Techniques 4572:Special Forces Foreign Weapons Handbook 4285: 4195:"Merriam-Webster Dictionary, "Firearm"" 4134:International Shooting Sport Federation 4077:List of infantry weapons of World War I 3961:Air travel with firearms and ammunition 3818:(j) a device of a prescribed class; 3363:used to aid loading rifles such as the 3220: 2793: 2687:archipelago of Southeast Asia used the 1897:, individual-served machine guns of an 1763:had a 20-round box magazine, while the 1399:Examples of assault rifles include the 1030:is a long gun that has a predominantly 400:weapons regarding their portability by 10931: 7832:Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages 7769:Artillery of France in the Middle Ages 7602:San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon 6424: 6345:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5301:from the original on February 27, 2021 5167:An Illustrated Handbook of Indian Arms 4237: 4212: 4168:. Association of Firearm Instructors. 4162:Cole, Suzanne N. (November 19, 2016). 4157: 4155: 1568:, an anti-materiel rifle chambered in 1221:. However, some carbines, such as the 159: 10552: 10085: 9276: 8656: 8655: 8551: 8216: 7837:Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty 7406: 6492: 6386: 6271:from the original on 22 February 2020 6190:"Recreational Firearm Noise Exposure" 5282: 5276: 5139: 4994: 4824: 4800: 4785: 4533:from the original on 24 November 2012 4119:List of shooting sports organizations 4067:List of World War II infantry weapons 3874:international UN protocol on firearms 3589:PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder) 3566:Fatalities in 52 countries, mid-1990s 3382: 3172: 3138: 2840:A Swiss soldier firing a hand cannon. 1941:Examples of machine guns include the 1547:Accuracy International Arctic Warfare 806:. Examples of derringers include the 669:is, as defined generally and in many 502:, the top firearms manufacturers are 6405: 5813:from the original on 1 February 2019 5213: 4161: 3629: 3536: 2974: 1921:), and require a crew to operate. A 1858:as opposed to the semi-automatic or 1105:M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System 782:. Examples of revolvers include the 416:, and thus require the support of a 56:adding citations to reliable sources 27: 7672:Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle 6449:Science & Civilisation in China 5969:"Gun Safety and Instruction Manual" 5890:Learish, Jessica (March 31, 2021). 4767:from the original on 9 October 2013 4267:from the original on 9 October 2013 4197:. Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. 4152: 3229: 2813:A cavalryman wielding a fire lance. 1724: 1599:, which was essentially a standard 1154:Knight's Armament Company Masterkey 890:(spiral grooves) machined into the 13: 8361:Compact and non-magnifying sights 6389:Firearms: A Global History to 1700 6245:from the original on 4 August 2019 5914:"FastStats - Deaths and Mortality" 5384: 5259:Journal of the American Revolution 4172:from the original on June 13, 2021 4124:World Forum on Shooting Activities 3919:Electrothermal-chemical technology 3674:not likely to be used as a weapon. 3455:(adopted in 1908) and the British 2907:during the 15th Century. The term 2321:Two designs of bolt action exist: 1984: 1743:, an automatic rifle chambered in 1476:, from newer assault rifles using 14: 10965: 6470: 4913:from the original on 3 April 2019 4398:"Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000" 4310:from the original on May 12, 2021 4233:. HarperCollins Publishers. 2003. 3749: 3736: 3684:"NFA firearm", as defined by the 3506:Gun-related homicide and suicide 3478: 3105: 3047:small wheel (much like that on a 2931:ball of about 3.5 ounces (100g). 2927:. These heavy arquebuses fired a 2462: 2365: 2257:(the "lever") located around the 1719:M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System 1307: 1276:Examples of carbines include the 1120:Examples of shotguns include the 1099:often only used for breaching or 7387: 7386: 6476: 5864:National Vital Statistics System 5835:National Vital Statistics System 5594:The American Journal of Medicine 5388:Firearms: An Illustrated History 4885:Advances in Wound Care: Volume 1 4306:. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 3680:This is the ATF definition of a 3638: 3597: 3541: 3217:, an Italian light machine gun. 2949:Muskets and bayonets aboard the 2298:. The bolt is unlocked from the 2003:, a submachine gun chambered in 1530: 1426: 1326:, an assault rifle chambered in 750:Examples of pistols include the 451:of light firearms that only use 32: 6328:from the original on 2020-10-27 6308: 6297:from the original on 2020-12-01 6283: 6257: 6230: 6200:from the original on 2019-09-04 6164:from the original on 2019-10-15 6126:from the original on 2020-04-14 6079: 6055: 6029:Aggression and Violent Behavior 6016: 5992: 5960: 5949:from the original on 2018-04-13 5928: 5906: 5883: 5854: 5825: 5795: 5518: 5454: 5435: 5416: 5405:from the original on 2021-12-19 5378: 5365: 5356: 5335: 5313: 5287: 5265:from the original on 2018-04-09 5247: 5236:from the original on 2021-07-09 5207: 5198: 5173: 5158: 5108: 5082:from the original on 2020-10-17 5020: 4973:from the original on 2019-12-30 4942: 4872: 4830: 4779: 4738: 4717: 4703: 4689: 4662: 4642: 4631:from the original on 2021-01-18 4617: 4504:from the original on 2020-09-20 4486: 4475:from the original on 2020-10-24 4457: 4446:from the original on 2020-06-12 4414:from the original on 2020-06-12 4201:from the original on 2017-06-02 3823: 2911:is derived from the Dutch word 2891:A 17th Century arquebus at the 2825: 2318:, and the breech is re-locked. 2302:, then pulled back to open the 2239: 1901:that are usually magazine-fed; 1824: 228:for improved flight stability. 43:needs additional citations for 8246:accessories mounting standards 8197:Category:Early modern firearms 7705:Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle 7676:Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle 6455:. Cambridge University Press. 6429:. Cambridge University Press. 6391:. Cambridge University Press. 6371:. Princeton University Press. 5562:"Small Arms and Global Health" 5184:. Cambridge University Press. 4291: 4032:Overview of gun laws by nation 4018:Index of gun politics articles 3891:Firearm science and technology 2868:pieces, and ultimately by the 2798: 2746:The technology of firearms in 2332: 2280: 1819:M1918 Browning automatic rifle 1765:Hotchkiss Mle 1914 machine gun 1549:, a sniper rifle chambered in 1445:, a battle rifle chambered in 1193:, a carbine derivative of the 349:List of most-produced firearms 224:barrels to impart spin to the 1: 10739:Firearms by country 10654:Civilian Marksmanship Program 7662:Cookson M1750 repeating rifle 7642:Belton M1777 repeating musket 5713:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 5664:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 5491:"American Rimfire Cartridges" 5044:Manguin, Pierre-Yves (1976). 4145: 3244: 2882: 2752:Portuguese capture of Malacca 2273:mechanism, expelling the old 1788:Firearm Owners Protection Act 907:long guns, and civilians for 8333:(1 inch, 30 mm, 34 mm, etc.) 7788:Byzantine fire tube (cannon) 6116:"Noise-Induced Hearing Loss" 5608:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.10.025 5130:, by Rainer Daehnhardt 1994. 4405:South African Police Service 4129:International Biathlon Union 3776: 3451:(1914–1918) with the German 3062: 3023: 2989: 2394: 2310:and engaging it against the 1468:). The term originated as a 1361:) and fed with a detachable 841:. Early long arms, from the 821: 353:Small Arms and Light Weapons 181:projectiles were mounted on 7: 10910:Federal Assault Weapons Ban 10808:Campaign Against Arms Trade 7929:Medieval large calibre guns 7577:Nock M1779 seven barrel gun 7547:Huo Qiang lance hand cannon 6801:National Revolutionary Army 6518: 5255:"The Inaccuracy of Muskets" 4749:. In Selin, Helaine (ed.). 4625:"Definition of PUMP-ACTION" 3993:Right to keep and bear arms 3884: 3004:Various Japanese (samurai) 2750:further improved after the 2580:end of a firearm without a 1923:general-purpose machine gun 1715:Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle 1583:or semi-automatic, with an 1494:Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle 1415:), as well as the American 1159: 1000: 788:Smith & Wesson Model 10 737:double-action/single-action 624: 10: 10970: 10864:High-capacity magazine ban 9990:Mean time between failures 8657: 8266:Quick-change barrel system 7667:M1696 French common musket 6613:War of the Triple Alliance 6425:Crosby, Alfred W. (2002). 6357: 5343:"> Where Are You From?" 5180:Tarling, Nicholas (1992). 5140:Eaton, Richard M. (2013). 4612:The World's Assault Rifles 4590:R.J. Scroggie, F.A. Moyer 3929:Glossary of firearms terms 3613:noise-induced hearing loss 3482: 3392: 3386: 3289:rimfire metallic cartridge 3279:Mk VII SAA Ball cartridge. 3248: 3233: 3176: 3142: 3109: 3066: 3027: 2993: 2978: 2938: 2934: 2829: 2802: 2598: 2592: 2588: 2569:, striking someone with a 2466: 2448: 2398: 2369: 2354:(the "pump") on the gun's 2336: 2284: 2243: 2200:(top) and the pump action 2185: 2116: 1988: 1828: 1790:define a "machine gun" in 1728: 1691:Gepárd anti-materiel rifle 1655:Accuracy International AWM 1632:designated marksman rifles 1620:armoured fighting vehicles 1534: 1430: 1311: 1163: 1004: 860: 825: 643:, a revolver chambered in 628: 342: 205:, but modern firearms use 18: 10882: 10832: 10823: 10784: 10712: 10664: 10593:Household ownership rates 10573: 10548: 10470: 10327: 10272: 10263: 10179: 10107: 10098: 10081: 9922: 9861: 9852: 9735: 9726: 9627: 9295: 9286: 9272: 9184: 9132: 9089: 9075: 9033: 8903: 8889: 8783: 8664: 8651: 8602: 8598: 8517: 8479: 8425: 8360: 8317: 8279: 8251: 8192: 8159: 8096: 8010:Byzantine rocket launcher 7990: 7928: 7784:Breech-loading swivel gun 7753: 7628: 7597:Puckle Μ1717 revolver gun 7472: 7444: 7382: 7346: 7116: 7069: 6968: 6810: 6764: 6641: 6633:Pre-20th century firearms 6573: 6535: 6526: 6406:Cole, Suzanne N. (2017). 6041:10.1016/j.avb.2015.01.009 6000:"Unintentional Shootings" 5566:World Health Organization 5489:; Bodinson, Holt (2009). 5461:Flayderman, Norm (2007). 5204:Dougherty and Eidt, 2009. 4753:. Springer. p. 389. 4669:Conklin, John E. (1972). 4253:. Springer. p. 389. 3762: 3741:In the European Union, a 3577: 3055:(1452–1519), the Italian 2211: 2181: 1711:Marine Scout Sniper Rifle 1606:Related developments are 1337:is commonly defined as a 1019:, a shotgun chambered in 856: 7620:Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon 7567:Meriam kecil hand cannon 7532:Heilongjiang hand cannon 7492:Bedil tumbak hand cannon 7021:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 7011:South African Border War 6793:Second Sino-Japanese War 4369:Aaron Karp (June 2018). 4057:List of aircraft weapons 3949:Precision-guided firearm 3709: 3606: 3497: 3461:Browning automatic rifle 3263:(From left to right): A 2784:Hague Convention of 1899 2512:Firearms can be used as 2444: 2113:Personal defense weapons 1659:M24 Sniper Weapon System 1271:personal defense weapons 1115:Double-barreled shotguns 995:Heckler & Koch HK417 658:, a pistol chambered in 619:Law enforcement agencies 613:(30.3 million) and 580:Royal Small Arms Factory 459:. Such firearms include 338: 318:. The accurate range of 21:Firearm (disambiguation) 10894:by U.S. state 10304:Overpressure ammunition 10239:Improved Military Rifle 9945:Circular error probable 8864:Personal defence weapon 8202:Category:Early firearms 8019:Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet 7001:Portuguese Colonial War 6387:Chase, Kenneth (2003). 5540:Les Arquebusier de Visé 5065:10.3406/arasi.1976.1103 5010:Crawfurd, John (1856). 4899:(inactive 2024-09-11). 4897:10.1089/9781934854013.3 4527:Encyclopædia Britannica 4102:List of submachine guns 3905:Transitional ballistics 3525:motor vehicle accidents 2712:Mongol invasion of Java 2502:United States Air Force 2277:and loading a new one. 2140:personal defense weapon 2119:Personal defense weapon 2071:Thompson submachine gun 1675:Mauser Tankgewehr M1918 1647:Heckler & Koch PSG1 1482:Heckler & Koch HK33 1478:intermediate cartridges 1047:, or specialty (often " 886:is a long gun that has 875:, a rifle chambered in 784:Colt Single Action Army 745:Saturday night specials 641:Colt Single Action Army 10588:Civilian gun ownership 10117:Firing (Shooting) 8337:Traditional prism rail 7606:Shou Chong hand cannon 7464:History of the firearm 7369:Civilian gun ownership 5916:. CDC. 13 January 2022 5104:. Guangju Book Office. 5102:South Vietnamese Notes 4341:. 2018. Archived from 4247:Helaine Selin (1997). 4113:Firearms organizations 4072:List of firearm brands 4037:Saturday night special 3882: 3870: 3854:International treaties 3851: 3821: 3774: 3734: 3691:According to the U.S. 3678: 3515: 3428: 3412: 3280: 3269:.577/450 Martini-Henry 3165: 3078: 3039: 3013: 2957: 2896: 2841: 2814: 2774: 2743: 2703: 2624:when the man-portable 2617: 2595:History of the firearm 2520:has run out entirely. 2509: 2429:to cycle the action), 2425:(uses energy from the 2372:Semi-automatic firearm 2205: 2168:Heckler & Koch MP7 2135: 2129:Heckler & Koch MP7 2095:Heckler & Koch UMP 2083:Heckler & Koch MP5 2007: 2001:Heckler & Koch MP5 1967:M249 light machine gun 1951:Bren light machine gun 1928:squad automatic weapon 1899:intermediate cartridge 1847: 1747: 1572: 1557: 1449: 1396:instead of behind it. 1343:intermediate cartridge 1341:rifle chambered in an 1330: 1211:Heckler & Koch G36 1201: 1182: 1023: 879: 662: 647: 483:(and their subtypes), 143: 10062:Handgun effectiveness 9995:Minute of Angle (MOA) 9871:Ballistic coefficient 8847:Semi-automatic pistol 8052:rocket arrow launcher 8046:rocket arrow launcher 8030:Fire crow rocket bomb 7657:Che Dian Chong musket 7542:Huo Chong hand cannon 7046:Nicaraguan Revolution 6996:Araguaia Guerilla War 6565:Early thermal weapons 5423:"History of firearms" 5100:Tiaoyuan, Li (1969). 5016:. Bradbury and Evans. 4745:Ho Peng Yoke (1997). 4097:List of sniper rifles 4062:List of battle rifles 3944:Vertical forward grip 3878: 3860: 3832:'firearm' means any- 3830: 3796:— and which is not — 3783: 3769: 3717: 3686:National Firearms Act 3649: 3505: 3418: 3402: 3393:Further information: 3285:Louis-Nicolas Flobert 3262: 3156: 3076: 3037: 3003: 2979:Further information: 2948: 2890: 2839: 2812: 2768: 2740: 2697: 2679:) and Indians (first 2608: 2525:Israel Defense Forces 2499: 2492:Use as a blunt weapon 2195: 2126: 2047:close-quarters combat 1998: 1913:to something (like a 1838: 1784:National Firearms Act 1738: 1563: 1544: 1440: 1372:Originating with the 1321: 1278:Winchester Model 1892 1242:police tactical units 1234:close-quarters combat 1188: 1173: 1122:Winchester Model 1897 1101:close-quarters combat 1051:") munitions such as 1014: 987:Heckler & Koch G3 928:semi-automatic rifles 920:short-barreled rifles 870: 653: 638: 617:(27.5 million). 578:(United States), the 308:hand-eye coordination 185:to make the portable 133: 16:Gun for an individual 10679:in the United States 10337:Armour piercing 9898:Rangefinding/keeping 9810:Push/Controlled feed 9602:Synchronization gear 9337:Blank-firing adapter 9188: or famous 8039:Hale rocket launcher 7730:Spanish M1752 musket 7610:Tanegashima arquebus 7512:English horse pistol 7454:History of gunpowder 7051:Salvadoran Civil War 6618:Spanish–American War 6593:American Indian Wars 6485:at Wikimedia Commons 5778:on December 22, 2015 5658:(10053): 1459–1544. 5451:(fireadvantages.com) 5432:(fireadvantages.com) 5165:Egerton, W. (1880). 3955:Firearms and society 3375:used in loading the 3267:cartridge (1867), a 3251:Cartridge (firearms) 3221:Detachable magazines 2794:Early firearm models 2643:, with flames and a 2601:History of gunpowder 2559:, striking with the 2544:blunt-force injuries 2523:New recruits of the 2451:Burst mode (weapons) 1882:, either as main or 1679:Boys anti-tank rifle 1671:CheyTac Intervention 1608:anti-materiel rifles 1597:Type 97 sniper rifle 1492:rifles, such as the 1227:short barreled rifle 1111:, and home defense. 1109:clay pigeon shooting 915:, and self-defense. 792:Colt Official Police 332:anti-materiel rifles 52:improve this article 10771:Privately made 10734:Firearm brands 10620:State firearms 10600:Exhibition shooting 10583:Celebratory gunfire 10442:Plastic tipped 10372:High explosive 9893:Physics of firearms 8058:(Chinese petroleum) 7949:Dardanelles bombard 7920:Wuwei Bronze Cannon 7872:Obusier de vaisseau 7104:Russo-Ukrainian War 7041:Dominican Civil War 7016:Cambodian Civil War 6977:First Indochina War 5297:. 19 October 2018. 4838:Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. 3966:Celebratory gunfire 3939:Physics of firearms 3913:Terminal ballistics 3909:External ballistics 3901:Internal ballistics 3494:300 per American). 3287:invented the first 3179:Magazine (firearms) 3092:flintlock mechanism 3077:Flintlock mechanism 2915:(literally meaning 2659:, China, where the 2202:Remington Model 870 2196:The semi-automatic 1903:medium machine guns 1888:crew-served weapons 1636:designated marksmen 1134:Remington Model 870 991:Remington Model 700 804:Mateba Autorevolver 453:kinetic projectiles 440:) to be tactically 209:or other explosive 10954:Projectile weapons 10944:Chinese inventions 10869:Right to bear arms 10815:Featureless rifles 10761:Improvised firearm 10722:3D printed firearm 10610:United States 10505:Fully powered 10412:Total metal jacket 10052:Stock measurements 8775:Underwater firearm 8671: versus 8088:Thunder crash bomb 7735:Springfield musket 7652:Charleville musket 7552:Istinggar arquebus 7094:Russo-Georgian War 7036:Lebanese Civil War 7006:Rhodesian Bush War 6623:Mexican Revolution 6608:American Civil War 6598:War of the Pacific 6588:Napoleonic Warfare 6453:The Gunpowder Epic 6223:2015-05-03 at the 5749:has generic name ( 5632:2019-02-02 at the 5534:2013-11-10 at the 5525:Shooting section ( 5447:2015-12-22 at the 5428:2015-12-22 at the 5375:4 (2000): 191–215. 5321:"Roman Candle Gun" 4957:St. Martin's Press 3980:Firearms ownership 3743:European Directive 3516: 3429: 3413: 3383:Repeating firearms 3281: 3173:Internal magazines 3166: 3139:Loading techniques 3125:caplock mechanisms 3079: 3040: 3014: 2981:Trigger (firearms) 2958: 2897: 2877:the Hussite revolt 2842: 2815: 2775: 2744: 2704: 2618: 2576:Striking with the 2552:Examples include: 2510: 2482:fire mode selector 2419:cycling principles 2206: 2136: 2008: 1907:heavy machine guns 1895:light machine guns 1848: 1792:United States Code 1780:light machine guns 1748: 1573: 1558: 1450: 1401:Kalashnikov rifles 1331: 1263:military engineers 1202: 1183: 1024: 880: 816:COP .357 Derringer 808:Remington Model 95 663: 648: 611:Russian Federation 588:Steyr-Daimler-Puch 582:(United Kingdom), 576:Springfield Armory 546:(Czech Republic), 532:Heckler & Koch 520:Smith & Wesson 500:arms manufacturers 498:Among the world's 144: 10926: 10925: 10922: 10921: 10918: 10917: 10883:United States Gun 10544: 10543: 10540: 10539: 10427:Hollow point 10352:Full metal jacket 10259: 10258: 10217:Tubes and Primers 10077: 10076: 10027:Power factor 9965:Gun harmonisation 9918: 9917: 9848: 9847: 9722: 9721: 9704:Night vision 9268: 9267: 9180: 9179: 9094:Automatic shotgun 9071: 9070: 8658:Types of firearms 8647: 8646: 8545: 8544: 8210: 8209: 8098:Firing mechanisms 8077:Petroleum naphtha 7982:Pumhart von Steyr 7945:Byzantine bombard 7847:Hu Dun Pao cannon 7647:Brown Bess musket 7400: 7399: 7112: 7111: 7056:Soviet–Afghan War 7031:Laotian Civil War 6779:Spanish Civil War 6481:Media related to 6462:978-0-521-30358-3 6436:978-0-521-79158-8 6417:978-0-9982150-3-7 6398:978-0-521-82274-9 6378:978-0-691-13597-7 5568:. July 9–20, 2001 5527:la section de tir 5504:978-0-89689-936-0 5472:978-0-89689-455-6 5398:978-1-4654-3089-2 5385:DK (2014-04-01). 5345:. Credo Reference 5331:on March 2, 2009. 5214:Coupland, Robin. 4803:, pp. 31–32. 4760:978-0-7923-4066-9 4682:978-0-397-47220-8 4383:on June 20, 2018. 4339:Small Arms Survey 4260:978-0-7923-4066-9 4008:Gun serial number 3706:, not a firearm. 3668:(6) a machinegun; 3630:Legal definitions 3563: 3562: 3389:Repeating firearm 3275:cartridge, and a 3203:Springfield M1903 3116:Caplock mechanism 3053:Leonardo da Vinci 3049:cigarette lighter 2975:Firing mechanisms 2612:from the Chinese 2540:Forensic medicine 2401:Automatic firearm 2188:Action (firearms) 2075:M3 submachine gun 2020:9×19mm Parabellum 2016:handgun cartridge 2005:9×19mm Parabellum 1884:ancillary weapons 1880:military aircraft 1876:military vehicles 1359:.300 AAC Blackout 1067:to function as a 1059:to function as a 756:Browning Hi-Power 660:9×19mm Parabellum 599:Small Arms Survey 530:(United States), 173:tubes containing 160:legal definitions 128: 127: 120: 102: 10961: 10830: 10829: 10776:Small arms trade 10714:Firearm industry 10565:, and 10550: 10549: 10422:Hollow base 10270: 10269: 10249:Smokeless powder 10105: 10104: 10083: 10082: 10032:Precision-guided 9859: 9858: 9733: 9732: 9540:Rail system 9414:Flash suppressor 9293: 9292: 9274: 9273: 9220:Winchester rifle 9210:Antique firearms 9140:20-gauge shotgun 9087: 9086: 8901: 8900: 8653: 8652: 8600: 8599: 8572: 8565: 8558: 8549: 8548: 8309:Warsaw Pact rail 8271:Press fit barrel 8237: 8230: 8223: 8214: 8213: 7882:Pierrier a boite 7615:Toradar arquebus 7562:Jiaozhi arquebus 7487:Bajozutsu pistol 7427: 7420: 7413: 7404: 7403: 7390: 7389: 7266:Mass destruction 7174:Blunt instrument 7099:Syrian Civil War 6533: 6532: 6513: 6506: 6499: 6490: 6489: 6480: 6466: 6440: 6421: 6402: 6382: 6351: 6350: 6344: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6327: 6320: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6234: 6228: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6186: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6150: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6131: 6112: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6097: 6083: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6010: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5986: 5980: 5974:. Archived from 5973: 5967:Aero Precision. 5964: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5948: 5941: 5932: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5799: 5793: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5754: 5748: 5744: 5742: 5734: 5724: 5707:(9963): 117–71. 5692: 5686: 5685: 5675: 5643: 5637: 5620: 5610: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5558: 5543: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5487:Barnes, Frank C. 5483: 5477: 5476: 5458: 5452: 5439: 5433: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5382: 5376: 5369: 5363: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5327:. Archived from 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5291: 5285: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5235: 5220: 5211: 5205: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5137: 5131: 5125: 5119: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5081: 5050: 5041: 5035: 5028:The China Review 5024: 5018: 5017: 5007: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4933: 4925: 4920: 4918: 4891:. pp. 3–7. 4889:Mary Ann Liebert 4876: 4870: 4869: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4789: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4666: 4660: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4621: 4615: 4608: 4602: 4588: 4582: 4568: 4562: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4509: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4451: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4419: 4413: 4402: 4394: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4375: 4366: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4345:on June 19, 2018 4331: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4244: 4235: 4234: 4227: 4219: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4191: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4159: 4092:List of shotguns 4052:List of firearms 3989:Small arms trade 3545: 3544: 3537: 3230:Belt-fed weapons 2969:superposed loads 2486:suppressive fire 2423:recoil operation 2221:manual operation 2172:AAC Honey Badger 1919:military vehicle 1872:suppressive fire 1800:Title II weapons 1725:Automatic rifles 1616:anti-tank rifles 1589:telescopic sight 1462:7.92×57mm Mauser 1302:Kel-Tec SUB-2000 1282:Rifle No. 5 Mk I 1065:breaching rounds 959:Winchester rifle 932:automatic rifles 717:manual repeating 426:wheeled carriage 418:weapons platform 387:smokeless powder 377:) of a chemical 345:List of firearms 207:smokeless powder 123: 116: 112: 109: 103: 101: 60: 36: 28: 10969: 10968: 10964: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10959: 10958: 10929: 10928: 10927: 10914: 10878: 10847:Concealed carry 10842:Assault weapons 10837:Air travel 10819: 10796: and 10780: 10708: 10668: 10660: 10649:Shooting sports 10639:Pistol duelling 10569: 10536: 10500:Rifle cartridge 10466: 10407:Supercavitating 10402:Soft point 10323: 10255: 10229:Ball propellant 10175: 10094: 10073: 10069:Twist rate 9960:Gun chronograph 9950:Effective range 9914: 9844: 9815:Recoil-operated 9718: 9623: 9282: 9264: 9250:Colt Peacemaker 9176: 9150:Dragon's breath 9145:Breaching round 9128: 9109:Double-barreled 9067: 9043:General purpose 9029: 8885: 8779: 8720:Multiple-barrel 8660: 8643: 8594: 8576: 8546: 8541: 8513: 8475: 8421: 8362: 8356: 8313: 8275: 8247: 8241: 8211: 8206: 8188: 8155: 8092: 8062:Mysorean rocket 8014:Congreve rocket 7986: 7924: 7749: 7624: 7502:Combination gun 7468: 7440: 7438:thermal weapons 7431: 7401: 7396: 7378: 7374:Science fiction 7342: 7214:Directed-energy 7108: 7084:Afghanistan War 7065: 6964: 6806: 6766:Interwar period 6760: 6661:Austria-Hungary 6637: 6569: 6522: 6517: 6473: 6463: 6445:Needham, Joseph 6437: 6418: 6399: 6379: 6360: 6355: 6354: 6338: 6337: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6318: 6316:"Archived copy" 6314: 6313: 6309: 6300: 6298: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6248: 6246: 6235: 6231: 6225:Wayback Machine 6218:US Federal Govt 6216: 6212: 6203: 6201: 6188: 6187: 6176: 6167: 6165: 6158:Healthy Hearing 6152: 6151: 6138: 6129: 6127: 6114: 6113: 6104: 6095: 6093: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6071: 6069: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6021: 6017: 6008: 6006: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5984: 5982: 5978: 5971: 5965: 5961: 5952: 5950: 5946: 5939: 5933: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5888: 5884: 5859: 5855: 5830: 5826: 5816: 5814: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5788:. Linked to at 5781: 5779: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5755: 5746: 5745: 5736: 5735: 5693: 5689: 5644: 5640: 5634:Wayback Machine 5585: 5581: 5571: 5569: 5560: 5559: 5546: 5536:Wayback Machine 5523: 5519: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5484: 5480: 5473: 5459: 5455: 5449:Wayback Machine 5442:"How guns work" 5440: 5436: 5430:Wayback Machine 5421: 5417: 5408: 5406: 5399: 5383: 5379: 5370: 5366: 5361: 5357: 5348: 5346: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5293: 5292: 5288: 5281: 5277: 5268: 5266: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5218: 5212: 5208: 5203: 5199: 5192: 5178: 5174: 5163: 5159: 5152: 5138: 5134: 5126: 5122: 5113: 5109: 5098: 5094: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5053:Arts Asiatiques 5048: 5042: 5038: 5025: 5021: 5008: 5001: 4993: 4989: 4976: 4974: 4967: 4947: 4943: 4927: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4907: 4877: 4873: 4835: 4831: 4823: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4799: 4792: 4784: 4780: 4770: 4768: 4761: 4743: 4739: 4731:. 22 Aug 2015. 4723: 4722: 4718: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4697:""Butt Stroke"" 4695: 4694: 4690: 4683: 4667: 4663: 4647: 4643: 4634: 4632: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4609: 4605: 4589: 4585: 4569: 4565: 4549: 4545: 4536: 4534: 4529:. 3 July 2010. 4523:"Assault rifle" 4521: 4520: 4516: 4507: 4505: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4478: 4476: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4449: 4447: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4388: 4380: 4373: 4367: 4358: 4348: 4346: 4333: 4332: 4323: 4313: 4311: 4296: 4292: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4268: 4261: 4245: 4238: 4228: 4221: 4220: 4213: 4204: 4202: 4193: 4192: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4160: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4082:List of pistols 4027:Concealed carry 3887: 3876:considers that 3856: 3826: 3779: 3765: 3752: 3739: 3733: 3712: 3700:gas compression 3677: 3672: 3641: 3632: 3609: 3600: 3591: 3580: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3559: 3546: 3542: 3510:in high-income 3500: 3491: 3481: 3449:First World War 3407:, example of a 3397: 3391: 3385: 3257: 3249:Main articles: 3247: 3238: 3232: 3223: 3181: 3175: 3151: 3143:Main articles: 3141: 3121:Percussion caps 3118: 3110:Main articles: 3108: 3071: 3065: 3057:Renaissance man 3032: 3026: 2998: 2992: 2987: 2977: 2943: 2937: 2925:arquebus a croc 2895:Museum, France. 2893:Château de Foix 2885: 2834: 2828: 2807: 2801: 2796: 2653:Acheng District 2603: 2597: 2591: 2567:Pistol-whipping 2494: 2471: 2465: 2453: 2447: 2403: 2397: 2374: 2368: 2341: 2335: 2289: 2283: 2248: 2242: 2214: 2190: 2184: 2176:ST Kinetics CPW 2121: 2115: 2040:machine pistols 1993: 1987: 1985:Submachine guns 1833: 1827: 1815:Fedorov Avtomat 1773:ammunition belt 1752:automatic rifle 1733: 1731:Automatic rifle 1727: 1695:McMillan TAC-50 1651:Walther WA 2000 1585:effective range 1555:.308 Winchester 1539: 1533: 1525:Desert Tech MDR 1435: 1429: 1316: 1310: 1259:airborne forces 1246:submachine guns 1197:, chambered in 1168: 1162: 1150:Atchisson AA-12 1146:Franchi SPAS-12 1126:Browning Auto-5 1097:combat shotguns 1009: 1003: 913:shooting sports 865: 859: 830: 824: 812:FP-45 Liberator 704:or charge; and 681:weapons, or as 679:concealed carry 633: 627: 597:As of 2018 the 594:(Philippines). 489:submachine guns 381:, historically 358:A firearm is a 356: 341: 310:, using either 293:percussion lock 269:fully automatic 150:is any type of 124: 113: 107: 104: 61: 59: 49: 37: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10967: 10957: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10924: 10923: 10920: 10919: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10886: 10884: 10880: 10879: 10877: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10855: 10854: 10844: 10839: 10833: 10827: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10817: 10812: 10811: 10810: 10805: 10790: 10788: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10752: 10751: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10730: 10729: 10718: 10716: 10710: 10709: 10707: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10684:Assassinations 10681: 10675: 10673: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10657: 10656: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10629: 10624: 10623: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10602: 10597: 10596: 10595: 10585: 10579: 10577: 10571: 10570: 10546: 10545: 10542: 10541: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10518: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10476: 10474: 10468: 10467: 10465: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10333: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10322: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10290: 10289: 10279: 10273: 10267: 10261: 10260: 10257: 10256: 10254: 10253: 10252: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10221: 10220: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10207:Percussion cap 10204: 10194: 10189: 10183: 10181: 10177: 10176: 10174: 10173: 10168: 10167: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10146: 10145: 10144: 10139: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10108: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10079: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10071: 10066: 10065: 10064: 10057:Stopping power 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10007: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9975:Length of pull 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9926: 9924: 9920: 9919: 9916: 9915: 9913: 9912: 9911: 9910: 9905: 9895: 9890: 9889: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9862: 9856: 9850: 9849: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9800:Out-of-battery 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9736: 9730: 9724: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9680: 9679: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9633: 9631: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9621: 9620: 9619: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9573: 9572: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9516: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9480: 9479: 9478: 9473: 9463: 9462: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9424:Forward assist 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9394:Cocking handle 9391: 9386: 9381: 9380: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9323: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9296: 9290: 9284: 9283: 9278:Mechanics and 9270: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9191: 9189: 9182: 9181: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9136: 9134: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9104:Combat shotgun 9101: 9096: 9090: 9084: 9073: 9072: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9039: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9026: 9025: 9015: 9010: 9009: 9008: 8998: 8993: 8992: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8961: 8956: 8955: 8954: 8944: 8943: 8942: 8932: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8915: 8910: 8904: 8898: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8872: 8871: 8869:Submachine gun 8866: 8859:Pistol caliber 8856: 8855: 8854: 8844: 8843: 8842: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8816: 8815: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8789: 8787: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8717: 8716: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8665: 8662: 8661: 8649: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8615: 8614: 8603: 8596: 8595: 8575: 8574: 8567: 8560: 8552: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8523: 8521: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8485: 8483: 8477: 8476: 8474: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8432: 8430: 8423: 8422: 8420: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8402:Shield/Leupold 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8378: 8376: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8352:S&B Convex 8349: 8347:Swarovski rail 8344: 8339: 8334: 8327: 8325: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8285: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8261:Action threads 8257: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8240: 8239: 8232: 8225: 8217: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8204: 8199: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8186: 8184:Wujing Zongyao 8181: 8176: 8171: 8165: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8153: 8148: 8146:Snap matchlock 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8102: 8100: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8090: 8085: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8053: 8047: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8028: 8027:(rocket arrow) 8022: 8021:(flamethrower) 8016: 8011: 8008: 8001: 7999: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7943: 7938: 7932: 7930: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7760: 7758: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7725:Potzdam musket 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7685:Jazayer musket 7682: 7677: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7638: 7636: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7478: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7466: 7461: 7459:Historiography 7456: 7451: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7434:Early firearms 7430: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7407: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7350: 7348: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7226: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7149:Anti-personnel 7146: 7144:Anti-ballistic 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7120: 7118: 7114: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7075: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6974: 6972: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6945:United Kingdom 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6860:Czechoslovakia 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6816: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6804: 6790: 6776: 6770: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6746:United Kingdom 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6647: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6579: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6541: 6539: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6516: 6515: 6508: 6501: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6472: 6471:External links 6469: 6468: 6467: 6461: 6451:. Vol. 7 6441: 6435: 6422: 6416: 6403: 6397: 6384: 6377: 6365:Andrade, Tonio 6359: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6307: 6282: 6267:. 6 May 2021. 6256: 6229: 6210: 6174: 6160:. 2007-12-10. 6136: 6122:. 2015-08-18. 6102: 6078: 6067:www.mdedge.com 6054: 6015: 5991: 5959: 5927: 5905: 5882: 5853: 5824: 5794: 5790:Download Files 5763: 5687: 5638: 5601:(3): 266–273. 5579: 5544: 5517: 5503: 5478: 5471: 5453: 5434: 5415: 5397: 5377: 5364: 5355: 5334: 5312: 5286: 5275: 5261:. 2013-07-15. 5246: 5206: 5197: 5190: 5172: 5157: 5150: 5132: 5120: 5107: 5092: 5036: 5019: 4999: 4987: 4965: 4959:. p. 63. 4941: 4905: 4871: 4829: 4817: 4805: 4790: 4778: 4759: 4737: 4716: 4702: 4688: 4681: 4675:. Lippincott. 4661: 4641: 4616: 4603: 4583: 4563: 4543: 4514: 4485: 4456: 4424: 4386: 4356: 4321: 4290: 4278: 4259: 4236: 4211: 4183: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4047:Shooting sport 4044: 4042:Shooting range 4039: 4034: 4029: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3982: 3977: 3968: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3924:Firearm action 3921: 3916: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3778: 3775: 3764: 3761: 3751: 3750:United Kingdom 3748: 3738: 3737:European Union 3735: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3711: 3708: 3676: 3675: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3608: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3590: 3587: 3579: 3576: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3549: 3547: 3540: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3499: 3496: 3480: 3479:Health hazards 3477: 3466:selective fire 3387:Main article: 3384: 3381: 3246: 3243: 3236:Belt (firearm) 3234:Main article: 3231: 3228: 3222: 3219: 3199:Mauser Kar 98k 3177:Main article: 3174: 3171: 3158:Percussion cap 3140: 3137: 3112:Percussion cap 3107: 3106:Percussion cap 3104: 3067:Main article: 3064: 3061: 3028:Main article: 3025: 3022: 2994:Main article: 2991: 2988: 2985:Firearm action 2976: 2973: 2961:Muzzle-loading 2939:Main article: 2936: 2933: 2905:Ottoman Empire 2884: 2881: 2830:Main article: 2827: 2824: 2803:Main article: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2748:Southeast Asia 2667:The Arabs and 2593:Main article: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2574: 2564: 2532:and using the 2493: 2490: 2474:Selective fire 2469:Selective fire 2467:Main article: 2464: 2463:Selective fire 2461: 2449:Main article: 2446: 2443: 2421:used, such as 2399:Main article: 2396: 2393: 2377:Semi-automatic 2370:Main article: 2367: 2366:Semi-automatic 2364: 2337:Main article: 2334: 2331: 2285:Main article: 2282: 2279: 2255:cocking handle 2244:Main article: 2241: 2238: 2213: 2210: 2186:Main article: 2183: 2180: 2117:Main article: 2114: 2111: 2028:.22 Long Rifle 2012:submachine gun 1991:Submachine gun 1989:Main article: 1986: 1983: 1959:PK machine gun 1845:7.62×51mm NATO 1829:Main article: 1826: 1823: 1729:Main article: 1726: 1723: 1624:vehicle armour 1551:7.62×51mm NATO 1535:Main article: 1532: 1529: 1458:7.62×51mm NATO 1447:7.62×51mm NATO 1431:Main article: 1428: 1425: 1386:service rifles 1347:5.56×45mm NATO 1339:selective-fire 1312:Main article: 1309: 1308:Assault rifles 1306: 1250:stopping power 1238:special forces 1199:5.56×45mm NATO 1164:Main article: 1161: 1158: 1093:modern warfare 1084:semi-automatic 1073:shotgun shells 1069:door breaching 1005:Main article: 1002: 999: 901:service rifles 861:Main article: 858: 855: 826:Main article: 823: 820: 764:Makarov pistol 741:pocket pistols 721:semi-automatic 683:backup weapons 629:Main article: 626: 623: 340: 337: 316:optical sights 265:semi-automatic 191:siege of De'an 126: 125: 108:September 2022 40: 38: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10966: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10895: 10891: 10888: 10887: 10885: 10881: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10853: 10850: 10849: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10834: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10822: 10816: 10813: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10800: 10799: 10795: 10792: 10791: 10789: 10787: 10783: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10766:Most-produced 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10750: 10747: 10746: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10728: 10725: 10724: 10723: 10720: 10719: 10717: 10715: 10711: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10667: 10663: 10655: 10652: 10651: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10634: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10607: 10606: 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10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10199: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10184: 10182: 10178: 10172: 10169: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10151: 10150: 10147: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10134: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10109: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10084: 10080: 10070: 10067: 10063: 10060: 10059: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10002: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9921: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9900: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9868: 9867: 9864: 9863: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9851: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9795:Muzzleloading 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9760:Breechloading 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9737: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9725: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9678: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9626: 9618: 9615: 9614: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9571: 9568: 9567: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9525:Muzzle shroud 9523: 9521: 9518: 9514: 9513:Stripper clip 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9503:High-capacity 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9485: 9484: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9468: 9467: 9464: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9446: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9354: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9302: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9285: 9281: 9275: 9271: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9230:Mauser rifles 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9183: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9161: 9158: 9157: 9156: 9155:Shotgun shell 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9137: 9135: 9131: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9091: 9088: 9085: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9032: 9024: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9007: 9004: 9003: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8953: 8950: 8949: 8948: 8945: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8908:Anti-materiel 8906: 8905: 8902: 8899: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8861: 8860: 8857: 8853: 8850: 8849: 8848: 8845: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8814: 8811: 8810: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8790: 8788: 8786: 8782: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8721: 8718: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8700: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8663: 8659: 8654: 8650: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8613: 8610: 8609: 8608: 8605: 8604: 8601: 8597: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8573: 8568: 8566: 8561: 8559: 8554: 8553: 8550: 8538: 8537:QD/ Flush cup 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8516: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8478: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8424: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8359: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8332: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8304:Dovetail rail 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8250: 8245: 8238: 8233: 8231: 8226: 8224: 8219: 8218: 8215: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8194: 8191: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8174:Jixiao Xinshu 8172: 8170: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8158: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8126:Miquelet lock 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8095: 8089: 8086: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8057: 8054: 8051: 8048: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8029: 8026: 8023: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8009: 8006: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7994: 7989: 7983: 7980: 7978:Orban bombard 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7927: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7852:Korean cannon 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7752: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7700:Kabyle musket 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7690:Jezail musket 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7557:Java arquebus 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7537:Howdah pistol 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7428: 7423: 7421: 7416: 7414: 7409: 7408: 7405: 7393: 7385: 7384: 7381: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7345: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7221: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7139:Anti-aircraft 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7079:Yugoslav Wars 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7071:Post-Cold War 7068: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7026:Iran–Iraq War 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6950:United States 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6809: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6791: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6763: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6751:United States 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6583:Early Warfare 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6514: 6509: 6507: 6502: 6500: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6484: 6479: 6475: 6474: 6464: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6432: 6428: 6423: 6419: 6413: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6394: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6361: 6348: 6342: 6324: 6317: 6311: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6270: 6266: 6260: 6244: 6240: 6233: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6214: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6092: 6088: 6082: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6019: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5981:on 2018-04-01 5977: 5970: 5963: 5945: 5938: 5931: 5915: 5909: 5893: 5886: 5878: 5874: 5871:(10): 1–124. 5870: 5866: 5865: 5857: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5828: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5798: 5791: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5759: 5752: 5747:|first1= 5740: 5732: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5691: 5683: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5631: 5628: 5624: 5618: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5583: 5567: 5563: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5521: 5506: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5474: 5468: 5464: 5457: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5438: 5431: 5427: 5424: 5419: 5404: 5400: 5394: 5390: 5389: 5381: 5374: 5368: 5359: 5344: 5338: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5316: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5284: 5279: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5217: 5210: 5201: 5193: 5191:9780521355056 5187: 5183: 5176: 5169:. W.H. Allen. 5168: 5161: 5153: 5151:9781107034280 5147: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5124: 5117: 5111: 5103: 5096: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5040: 5033: 5029: 5023: 5015: 5014: 5006: 5004: 4996: 4991: 4984: 4972: 4968: 4966:9780312554538 4962: 4958: 4954: 4953: 4945: 4937: 4931: 4924: 4912: 4908: 4906:9781934854013 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4875: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4827:, p. 32. 4826: 4821: 4814: 4809: 4802: 4797: 4795: 4787: 4782: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4712: 4706: 4698: 4692: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4665: 4659: 4655: 4654:0-8493-8163-0 4651: 4645: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4600:0-87364-010-1 4597: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4580:0-87364-009-8 4577: 4573: 4567: 4561: 4560:0-87947-308-8 4557: 4553: 4547: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4429: 4410: 4406: 4399: 4393: 4391: 4379: 4372: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4294: 4288:, p. 52. 4287: 4282: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4252: 4251: 4243: 4241: 4232: 4225: 4218: 4216: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4158: 4156: 4151: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3954: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3875: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3773: 3768: 3760: 3757: 3747: 3744: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3645:United States 3639:United States 3636: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3614: 3604: 3598:Lead exposure 3595: 3586: 3583: 3575: 3572: 3557: 3556:MediaWiki.org 3553: 3548: 3539: 3538: 3532: 3528: 3526: 3520: 3513: 3509: 3504: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3485:Gunshot wound 3476: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3426: 3425:service rifle 3422: 3417: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3361:stripper clip 3358: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3317: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3273:Martini-Henry 3270: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3242: 3237: 3227: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3170: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3133:muzzleloaders 3128: 3126: 3122: 3117: 3113: 3103: 3101: 3100:Miquelet lock 3097: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3075: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3036: 3031: 3021: 3018: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2965: 2962: 2955: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2889: 2880: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2838: 2833: 2823: 2820: 2811: 2806: 2791: 2787: 2785: 2779: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2735: 2733: 2732:Java arquebus 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2690: 2689:long arquebus 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2596: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2563:of a firearm. 2562: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2536:as a weapon. 2535: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2514:blunt weapons 2507: 2503: 2498: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2460: 2457: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2439:gas operation 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2330: 2328: 2327:straight pull 2324: 2323:rotating bolt 2319: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2269:and cock the 2268: 2265:via internal 2264: 2260: 2259:trigger guard 2256: 2252: 2247: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2218: 2217:Manual action 2209: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2141: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2056:overpenetrate 2053: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1801: 1796: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1759:; the French 1758: 1753: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1601:Type 38 rifle 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1531:Sniper rifles 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1427:Battle rifles 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1367:battle rifles 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1335:assault rifle 1329: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1314:Assault rifle 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294:Ruger Mini-14 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1008: 998: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 951: 949: 945: 941: 937: 936:sniper rifles 933: 929: 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 897: 893: 889: 885: 878: 874: 869: 864: 854: 852: 848: 844: 840: 835: 829: 819: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 800:New Nambu M60 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 733:double-action 730: 729:single-action 726: 722: 718: 714: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 661: 657: 652: 646: 642: 637: 632: 622: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 595: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 363:ranged weapon 361: 354: 350: 346: 336: 333: 329: 328:sniper rifles 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 229: 227: 223: 219: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 163: 161: 157: 154:that uses an 153: 149: 141: 137: 132: 122: 119: 111: 100: 97: 93: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: – 68: 64: 63:Find sources: 57: 53: 47: 46: 41:This article 39: 35: 30: 29: 26: 22: 10786:Arms control 10666:Gun violence 10633:Jungle style 10632: 10605:Gun cultures 10510:Intermediate 10187:Fire forming 10037:Rate of fire 9908:Stadiametric 9886:Transitional 9830:Self-loading 9785:Gas-operated 9745:Blow-forward 9677:Red dot 9587:Squeeze bore 9535:Pistol slide 9520:Muzzle brake 9488:Bottom metal 9035:Machine guns 8693:Line thrower 8673:muzzleloader 8669:Breechloader 8606: 8578: 8323:scope mounts 8243: 8131:Muzzleloader 8106:Breechloader 8084:rocket arrow 8056:Meng Huo You 8007:rocket arrow 7997:incendiaries 7969:Grose Bochse 7915:Wankou Chong 7433: 7261:Martial arts 7235: 7224:Depth charge 7194:Conventional 6935:Soviet Union 6812:World War II 6452: 6448: 6426: 6407: 6388: 6368: 6330:. 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Retrieved 4164: 4013:Gun violence 3975:Gun politics 3971:Firearms law 3879: 3871: 3857: 3831: 3827: 3824:South Africa 3795: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3766: 3753: 3740: 3713: 3696: 3690: 3679: 3642: 3633: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3610: 3601: 3592: 3584: 3581: 3573: 3570: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3507: 3492: 3474: 3434: 3430: 3373:en-bloc clip 3357:speedloaders 3341: 3321: 3313: 3282: 3277:.303 British 3239: 3224: 3195:Mosin–Nagant 3182: 3167: 3149:Breechloader 3145:Muzzleloader 3129: 3119: 3080: 3041: 3015: 3009: 3008:matchlocks ( 2966: 2959: 2924: 2923:were called 2916: 2912: 2908: 2898: 2879:in Bohemia. 2874: 2843: 2826:Hand cannons 2817:The Chinese 2816: 2788: 2780: 2776: 2745: 2720:bedil tombak 2705: 2666: 2660: 2657:Heilongjiang 2634: 2619: 2614:Yuan dynasty 2557:Buttstroking 2551: 2548: 2538: 2522: 2511: 2506:buttstroking 2477: 2473: 2472: 2455: 2454: 2435:blow forward 2405: 2404: 2390: 2384: 2381:self-loading 2380: 2376: 2375: 2348:slide action 2347: 2343: 2342: 2326: 2322: 2320: 2291: 2290: 2251:Lever action 2250: 2249: 2246:Lever action 2240:Lever action 2235: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2207: 2161: 2156:infiltrators 2145: 2139: 2137: 2103:KRISS Vector 2060: 2044: 2011: 2009: 1979:M134 Minigun 1940: 1892: 1868:rate of fire 1851: 1849: 1825:Machine guns 1804: 1794: 1777: 1757:machine guns 1751: 1749: 1707:Dragunov SVU 1640: 1628:scout rifles 1605: 1577:sniper rifle 1576: 1574: 1537:Sniper rifle 1521:Howa Type 64 1506: 1490: 1454:battle rifle 1453: 1451: 1433:Battle rifle 1398: 1382:World War II 1378:Nazi Germany 1376:produced by 1371: 1334: 1332: 1275: 1231: 1226: 1205: 1203: 1138:Mossberg 500 1119: 1113: 1077: 1041:shot spreads 1036:shot pellets 1027: 1025: 1017:Mossberg 500 975:MAS-36 rifle 952: 948:break-action 944:lever-action 917: 883: 881: 873:Mosin–Nagant 838: 833: 831: 772:Luger pistol 760:M1911 pistol 749: 710: 691: 687:self-defense 666: 664: 607:armed forces 596: 497: 493:machine guns 456: 446: 438:water vessel 406:foot soldier 397: 393: 391: 383:black powder 375:deflagration 373:combustion ( 357: 305: 245:breechloader 241:muzzleloader 230: 164: 147: 145: 114: 105: 95: 88: 81: 74: 62: 50:Please help 45:verification 42: 25: 10900:Legislation 10852:in the U.S. 10803:Disarmament 10798:Gun control 10495:Handloading 10282:Dummy round 10154:Cooking off 10149:Malfunction 10137:Field strip 10132:Maintenance 10022:Penetration 9985:Match grade 9903:Mathematics 9835:Single-shot 9775:Closed bolt 9689:Scope mount 9652:Holographic 9642:Finderscope 9530:Pistol grip 9508:Speedloader 9362:Telescoping 9342:Breechblock 9215:Gatling gun 9114:Pump action 8755:Single-shot 8678:Combination 8527:Swivel stud 8489:Swivel stud 8429:accessories 8369:holographic 8331:Ring mounts 8169:Huolongjing 8161:Literatures 7964:Faule Mette 7959:Faule Grete 7954:Dulle Griet 7817:Ekor lotong 7779:Baton a feu 7680:Jäger rifle 7572:Muff pistol 7527:Hand mortar 7522:Hand cannon 7497:Blunderbuss 7199:Crew-served 7159:Area denial 6991:Six-Day War 6986:Vietnam War 6915:New Zealand 6910:Netherlands 6783:Nationalist 6716:New Zealand 6643:World War I 6603:Crimean War 6091:Mayo Clinic 5782:January 10, 5572:February 8, 5391:. Penguin. 5059:: 233–268. 4747:"Gunpowder" 4658:pp. 270-271 4570:F.A. Moyer 4550:C. Taylor, 4300:"Small arm" 4229:"Firearm". 4222:"Firearm". 3998:Gun culture 3985:Gun control 3552:Phabricator 3445:Gatling gun 3437:Gatling gun 3423:, a modern 3403:The French 3395:Single-shot 3365:Lee–Enfield 3297:6mm Flobert 3293:parlor guns 3265:.577 Snider 3162:bolt action 3010:tanegashima 2846:hand cannon 2832:Hand cannon 2799:Fire lances 2649:hand cannon 2616:(1271–1368) 2610:Hand cannon 2478:select fire 2388:cartridge. 2385:autoloading 2344:Pump action 2339:Pump action 2333:Pump action 2296:bolt handle 2292:Bolt action 2287:Bolt action 2281:Bolt action 2226:single-shot 2152:skirmishers 2133:HK 4.6×30mm 2032:.40 S&W 1947:M2 Browning 1936:direct fire 1934:with rapid 1856:direct fire 1852:machine gun 1831:Machine gun 1807:Cei-Rigotti 1769:French Army 1687:Barrett M82 1663:Steyr Scout 1638:in squads. 1581:bolt-action 1566:Barrett M82 1257:personnel, 1180:.30 carbine 1080:pump-action 1049:less lethal 983:Ruger 10/22 963:Lee–Enfield 955:Henry rifle 940:bolt-action 843:Renaissance 796:Colt Python 713:single-shot 586:(Germany), 572:Kalashnikov 558:(Belgium), 554:(Austria), 542:(Germany), 444:or useful. 422:fixed mount 410:crew-served 367:projectiles 312:iron sights 301:Gatling gun 275:used (i.e. 211:propellants 195:hand cannon 10933:Categories 10704:Gun safety 10699:Gunfighter 10490:Centrefire 10472:Cartridges 10452:Snake shot 10392:Round shot 10382:Projectile 10367:Incendiary 10265:Ammunition 10224:Propellant 10192:Obturation 10164:Squib load 10092:ammunition 9930:Accurizing 9866:Ballistics 9780:Electronic 9699:Telescopic 9550:Recoil pad 9409:Firing pin 9384:Bump stock 9347:Breechface 9288:Components 9280:components 9133:Ammunition 8881:Wallet gun 8825:Pepper-box 8770:Spring-gun 8765:Smoothbore 8760:Sleeve gun 8532:Snap hooks 8342:Zeiss rail 8072:Pen Huo Qi 8034:Greek fire 8025:Fire arrow 7910:Xanadu Gun 7897:Swivel gun 7887:Pot de fer 7827:Fauconneau 7517:Fire lance 7276:Non-lethal 7256:Insurgency 7251:Incendiary 7246:Improvised 7179:Ceremonial 7169:Biological 7129:Amphibious 6981:Korean War 6955:Yugoslavia 6787:Republican 6711:Montenegro 6332:2020-03-07 6301:2020-03-07 6204:2019-10-15 6168:2019-10-15 6130:2019-10-15 6096:2023-12-08 6072:2023-12-08 6009:2023-12-08 5985:2018-04-01 5953:2018-04-01 5894:. CBS News 5817:31 January 5803:"Firearms" 5652:The Lancet 5510:25 January 5409:2020-10-31 5349:2014-04-19 5305:January 4, 5283:Chase 2003 5269:2018-04-09 5240:2021-04-30 5086:2020-09-08 4995:Chase 2003 4977:2019-04-24 4825:Chase 2003 4801:Chase 2003 4786:Chase 2003 4635:2020-01-04 4537:2023-06-20 4508:2020-09-24 4479:2020-09-24 4450:2020-03-07 4418:2020-03-07 4349:15 January 4304:Britannica 4205:2014-04-19 4146:References 4023:Open carry 4003:Gun safety 3897:Ballistics 3697:mechanical 3635:treaties. 3489:Gun safety 3483:See also: 3421:M4 carbine 3371:, and the 3337:centerfire 3309:.22 CB Cap 3305:.22 BB Cap 3301:propellant 3283:Frenchman 3255:Ammunition 3245:Cartridges 3209:, and the 3160:and early 3017:Matchlocks 3006:Edo period 2954:Grand Turk 2921:war wagons 2883:Arquebuses 2819:fire lance 2805:Fire lance 2673:Aq Qoyunlu 2645:cannonball 2626:fire lance 2599:See also: 2561:butt stock 2534:butt stock 2518:ammunition 2411:propellant 2271:firing pin 2198:Colt AR-15 2087:Spectre M4 2052:body armor 1860:burst fire 1745:7.62×54mmR 1466:7.62×54mmR 1417:M4 carbine 1298:M4 carbine 1290:M1 carbine 1255:logistical 1244:alongside 1223:M1 carbine 1191:M4 carbine 1176:M1 carbine 1142:Benelli M4 1032:smoothbore 877:7.62×54mmR 780:Beretta 92 776:Mauser C96 768:Walther PP 706:derringers 556:FN Herstal 552:Steyr Arms 473:derringers 457:small arms 379:propellant 371:exothermic 226:projectile 215:smoothbore 203:propellant 187:fire lance 78:newspapers 10949:Gunpowder 10744:Gun shops 10694:Forensics 10669:and 10615:Gun shows 10357:Frangible 10347:Expanding 10299:Gas check 10294:Flechette 10277:Cannelure 10202:Gunpowder 10159:Hang fire 10127:Firefight 9980:Lock time 9970:Headspace 9935:Bore axis 9820:Repeating 9770:Open bolt 9684:Magnifier 9570:Auto sear 9476:Wheellock 9471:Flintlock 9449:Half-cock 9404:Extractor 9305:Feed ramp 9235:Tommy Gun 9225:M1 Garand 9160:.410 bore 9124:Sawed-off 9099:Coach gun 9013:Repeating 9006:Polygonal 8930:Automatic 8913:Anti-tank 8798:Derringer 8688:Flare gun 8499:Versa Pod 8494:Picatinny 8441:Picatinny 8427:Handguard 8294:Picatinny 8281:Receivers 8179:Wubei Zhi 8151:Wheellock 8136:Snaphance 8121:Matchlock 8116:Flintlock 8082:Singijeon 7905:Veuglaire 7901:Tarasnice 7877:Organ gun 7842:Hongyipao 7807:Chongtong 7797:Carronade 7756:artillery 7720:Musketoon 7587:Pepperbox 7296:Pneumatic 7286:Offensive 7219:Explosive 7164:Artillery 7154:Anti-tank 7134:Ancillary 6820:Australia 6774:Chaco War 6656:Australia 6537:Premodern 6049:1359-1789 6035:: 39–44. 5073:191565174 5034:: p. 178. 4930:cite book 4858:1361-8113 4176:April 29, 3777:Australia 3715:includes: 3457:Lewis gun 3453:"Spandau" 3441:automatic 3377:M1 Garand 3369:Mauser 98 3333:"rimfire" 3324:gunpowder 3316:cartridge 3207:M1 Garand 3096:snaphance 3083:flintlock 3069:Flintlock 3063:Flintlock 3044:wheellock 3030:Wheellock 3024:Wheellock 2996:Matchlock 2990:Matchlock 2866:artillery 2850:lead shot 2771:musketeer 2760:istinggar 2708:Nusantara 2700:istinggar 2685:Nusantara 2630:gunpowder 2584:attached. 2406:Automatic 2395:Automatic 2356:forestock 2352:handguard 2275:cartridge 2230:repeating 2091:Steyr TMP 2058:targets. 2018:(such as 1975:IWI Negev 1943:Maxim gun 1811:Lewis gun 1643:M40 rifle 1513:Gewehr 43 1502:M14 rifle 1480:like the 1474:M1 Garand 1421:M16 rifle 1355:5.45×39mm 1351:7.62×39mm 1345:(such as 1328:5.45×39mm 1195:M16 rifle 1130:Ithaca 37 1088:automatic 1053:bean bags 971:M1 Garand 967:Gewehr 98 822:Long guns 727:pistols; 725:automatic 702:cartridge 698:revolvers 566:(China), 562:(Italy), 536:SIG Sauer 508:Remington 477:long guns 469:revolvers 289:flintlock 285:wheellock 281:matchlock 175:gunpowder 156:explosive 136:M16 rifle 67:"Firearm" 10939:Firearms 10905:Politics 10825:Gun laws 10756:Gunsmith 10644:Politics 10563:industry 10485:Caseless 10287:Snap cap 10180:Ignition 10171:Ricochet 10112:Dry fire 10088:Shooting 10015:Velocity 9881:Terminal 9876:External 9840:Slamfire 9825:Revolver 9740:Blowback 9607:Tapering 9582:Silencer 9545:Receiver 9483:Magazine 9439:Foregrip 9429:Freebore 9399:Cylinder 9357:Rotating 9320:Trunnion 9186:Historic 9077:Shotguns 8996:Marksman 8974:Elephant 8876:Starting 8835:Revolver 8803:Duelling 8793:Cane gun 8785:Handguns 8745:Riot gun 8713:Takedown 8698:Long gun 8683:Elephant 8587:glossary 8579:Firearms 8141:Snaplock 7974:Mons Meg 7822:Falconet 7812:Culverin 7774:Basilisk 7740:Wall gun 7582:Petronel 7482:Arquebus 7474:Firearms 7449:Timeline 7392:Category 7359:Industry 7316:Tectonic 7301:Practice 7291:Personal 7184:Chemical 7124:Aircraft 7089:Iraq War 7061:Gulf War 6970:Cold War 6960:Infantry 6940:Thailand 6840:Bulgaria 6797:Japanese 6756:Infantry 6721:Portugal 6671:Bulgaria 6651:Chemical 6560:Japanese 6555:Medieval 6483:Firearms 6447:(1986). 6367:(2016). 6341:cite web 6323:Archived 6295:Archived 6269:Archived 6243:Archived 6221:Archived 6198:Archived 6162:Archived 6124:Archived 5944:Archived 5920:April 3, 5898:April 3, 5877:16485447 5848:15222463 5811:Archived 5731:25530442 5682:27733281 5630:Archived 5617:26551975 5532:Archived 5445:Archived 5426:Archived 5403:Archived 5299:Archived 5263:Archived 5231:Archived 5077:Archived 4971:Archived 4917:24 April 4911:Archived 4866:23790667 4852:: 1–30. 4765:Archived 4729:Sky News 4629:Archived 4531:Archived 4502:Archived 4473:Archived 4444:Archived 4409:Archived 4308:Archived 4265:Archived 4199:Archived 4170:Archived 3934:Gunsmith 3885:See also 3682:title II 3348:magazine 3215:Breda 30 2917:hook gun 2909:arquebus 2901:arquebus 2870:arquebus 2756:Malaccan 2716:pole gun 2677:Safavids 2661:Yuan Shi 2504:trainee 2431:blowback 2300:receiver 2267:linkages 1864:belt-fed 1761:Chauchat 1667:Sako TRG 1612:materiel 1470:retronym 1363:magazine 1267:officers 1160:Carbines 1061:riot gun 1057:tear gas 1021:12-gauge 1001:Shotguns 950:rifles. 924:carbines 888:riflings 851:arquebus 834:long gun 828:Long gun 675:sidearms 671:gun laws 656:Glock 19 645:.45 Colt 625:Handguns 603:civilian 528:Mossberg 504:Browning 485:shotguns 479:such as 463:such as 461:handguns 434:aircraft 420:(e.g. a 402:infantry 360:barreled 261:revolver 218:shotguns 138:and the 10892: ( 10859:License 10627:Hunting 10575:Society 10555:Society 10532:Wildcat 10527:Pinfire 10457:Spitzer 10387:Raufoss 10329:Bullets 10319:Wadding 10234:Cordite 10212:Rimfire 10142:Fouling 10122:Gunshot 10100:Gunshot 9940:Caliber 9923:Metrics 9854:Physics 9755:Boxlock 9728:Actions 9714:Zeroing 9709:Thermal 9667:Reticle 9637:Diopter 9612:Trigger 9459:Striker 9434:Forearm 9419:Fluting 9389:Chamber 9377:Tilting 9367:Flapper 9327:Bayonet 9315:Threads 9079: ( 9001:Rifling 8989:Varmint 8979:Express 8969:Buffalo 8964:Hunting 8947:Carbine 8918:Assault 8893: ( 8820:Machine 8740:Pen gun 8735:Net gun 8730:Needler 8722: ( 8703:Carbine 8624:History 8607:Firearm 8581: ( 8392:RMR/SRO 8253:Barrels 8244:Firearm 8111:Doglock 8067:Naphtha 8044:Huo Che 8005:Bo-hiya 7993:rockets 7941:Basilic 7936:Bombard 7857:Lantaka 7802:Cetbang 7634:muskets 7354:Arsenal 7331:Vehicle 7321:Torpedo 7281:Nuclear 7241:Hunting 7236:Firearm 6930:Romania 6890:Hungary 6880:Germany 6870:Finland 6865:Denmark 6855:Croatia 6830:Belgium 6825:Austria 6726:Romania 6686:Germany 6666:Belgium 6628:Antique 6550:Chinese 6545:African 6528:History 6520:Weapons 6358:Sources 6275:7 March 6249:7 March 5722:4340604 5673:5388903 5623:Table 4 5229:: 137. 4815::293–94 4771:30 July 4469:GovInfo 4440:AustLII 4271:30 July 3704:air gun 3643:In the 3554:and on 3409:bullpup 3328:wadding 3186:Spencer 3088:frizzen 2951:frigate 2935:Muskets 2913:haaqbus 2858:windage 2724:Islamic 2681:Mughals 2669:Mamluks 2641:bombard 2637:Sichuan 2589:History 2582:bayonet 2571:handgun 2316:chamber 2308:striker 2107:SIG MPX 2099:PP-2000 2024:.45 ACP 1911:mounted 1683:PTRS-41 1570:.50 BMG 1486:FN SCAR 1390:bullpup 1380:during 1219:AKS-74U 1206:carbine 1166:Carbine 1095:, with 1028:shotgun 1007:Shotgun 909:hunting 905:shotgun 896:bullets 847:muskets 694:pistols 667:handgun 631:Handgun 592:Armscor 564:Norinco 560:Beretta 540:Walther 465:pistols 430:vehicle 320:pistols 297:hunting 233:caliber 220:) have 199:Eurasia 169:, when 148:firearm 92:scholar 10689:Deaths 10671:safety 10559:safety 10437:Meplat 10417:Tracer 10244:Ramrod 10197:Primer 10042:Recoil 10005:Energy 10000:Muzzle 9672:Reflex 9629:Sights 9577:Shroud 9560:Safety 9454:Linear 9444:Hammer 9372:Roller 9300:Barrel 9053:Medium 9018:Sniper 8959:Double 8935:Battle 8891:Rifles 8830:Pocket 8808:Pistol 8750:Rotary 8708:Musket 8639:Weapon 8629:Safety 8591:topics 8589:, and 8519:Slings 8481:Bipods 8461:KeyMod 8436:Weaver 8412:CompM4 8397:C-More 8387:Docter 8365:reflex 8319:Scopes 8289:Weaver 8050:Hwacha 7991:Early 7892:Prangi 7867:Mortar 7792:Cannon 7754:Early 7715:Musket 7695:Jingal 7630:Rifles 7592:Pistol 7507:Dragon 7336:Combat 7306:Ranged 7209:Deadly 6925:Poland 6920:Norway 6905:Mexico 6885:Greece 6875:France 6845:Canada 6835:Brazil 6741:Turkey 6736:Serbia 6731:Russia 6691:Greece 6681:France 6676:Canada 6575:Modern 6459: 6433: 6414: 6395: 6375: 6047: 5875: 5846: 5729: 5719: 5701:Lancet 5680: 5670: 5615: 5501: 5469: 5395: 5188: 5148: 5071: 4983:world. 4963: 4903: 4864: 4856: 4757: 4679: 4652: 4598: 4578: 4558: 4257: 3763:Canada 3578:Injury 3359:, the 3344:breech 3205:, the 3201:, the 3197:, the 2941:Musket 2773:(1608) 2578:muzzle 2530:muzzle 2427:recoil 2415:primer 2360:hammer 2304:breech 2212:Manual 2182:Action 2174:, and 2164:FN P90 2105:, and 2030:, and 1977:, and 1963:FN MAG 1915:tripod 1817:, and 1767:, the 1741:AVS-36 1717:, and 1693:, and 1669:, and 1523:, and 1517:FN FAL 1443:FN FAL 1411:, and 1394:breech 1374:StG 44 1357:, and 1324:AK-107 1300:, and 1152:, and 1086:, and 993:, and 946:, and 857:Rifles 814:, and 802:, and 778:, and 584:Mauser 570:, and 568:Rostec 524:Savage 491:, and 481:rifles 475:; and 471:, and 449:subset 442:mobile 414:recoil 385:, now 351:, and 324:rifles 277:rifled 273:barrel 222:rifled 183:spears 179:pellet 171:bamboo 94: 87: 80: 73: 65: 10522:Paper 10480:Blank 10447:ABCBC 10432:Minié 10377:HEIAP 10362:Green 10314:Sabot 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