5739:
443:
2821:
1933:
2891:
4099:
3508:
2981:
2294:
4051:
3460:
2932:
2009:
2462:
1586:
82:
2501:
1638:
134:
491:
4267:
3676:
3149:
2177:
1946:
2670:
1820:
316:
3266:
2795:
479:
4243:
3652:
3125:
2153:
4231:
3640:
3113:
2141:
4195:
3604:
3077:
2255:
2105:
2644:
1794:
290:
455:
4327:
4063:
3736:
3472:
3209:
2944:
2282:
2213:
4315:
4291:
3724:
3700:
3197:
3173:
2201:
2189:
2631:
1781:
277:
4135:
3544:
3017:
2057:
5662:
4183:
4075:
3592:
3484:
3065:
2956:
2318:
2021:
939:
515:
467:
4303:
4123:
4111:
4039:
3712:
3532:
3520:
3448:
3185:
3005:
2993:
2920:
2735:
2475:
2342:
2306:
2045:
1997:
1885:
1599:
431:
381:
95:
2722:
2696:
1872:
1846:
368:
342:
2540:
1677:
173:
4219:
4087:
3628:
3496:
3253:
3101:
2969:
2878:
2782:
2592:
2488:
2129:
2033:
1742:
1729:
1612:
537:
503:
238:
225:
108:
4171:
3580:
3053:
2709:
2527:
2514:
2449:
2093:
1859:
1664:
1651:
1573:
559:
355:
160:
147:
69:
6089:
4576:
2865:
2618:
1768:
1625:
264:
121:
3279:
2808:
2579:
1716:
212:
4255:
4159:
3664:
3568:
3137:
3041:
2165:
2081:
44:
2657:
1807:
303:
4351:
3760:
3233:
2354:
1966:
4279:
3688:
3161:
2566:
2330:
1703:
199:
4147:
3556:
3029:
2069:
2425:
2761:
1911:
407:
4207:
3616:
3089:
2683:
2117:
1833:
329:
2553:
1690:
186:
4339:
3748:
3221:
2225:
2605:
1755:
251:
2748:
1898:
394:
3314:
4817:(EDF) is a major political, policy and bureaucratic challenge, involving multiple stakeholders, namely the European Commission (EC), the European External Action Service (EEAS), 28 EU member states, the European Parliament, 74 governments from the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group of states and domestic accountability actors.
4834:
Programming and implementing the 11th EDF is a critical test of EU institutions that deal with external action, and it tests the ability of EU development policy to achieve high-impact aid, at a time when showing 'value for money' is a high political priority at a time when many
European governments
4816:
The EU is currently implementing its 11th
European Development Fund for 2014 to 2020, with an aid budget of €30.5 billion for many of the ACP countries and Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs), covering both national and regional programmes. Effectively programming the European Development Fund
4677:
provided for its creation with a view to granting technical and financial assistance to
African countries that were still colonised at that time and with which certain countries had historical links. Usually lasting 6 years, each EDF lays out EU assistance to both individual countries and regions as
4686:
Until its incorporation into the EU's general budget in 2021, the EDF was funded outside the EU budget by the EU Member States on the basis of financial payments related to specific contribution shares, or "keys". The Member State contributions keys were subject to negotiation. The EDF was the only
4868:
While the principles of the 'Agenda for Change' appear to have been followed, ECDPM showed that in many countries initial programming proposals based on in-country consultations, managed by EU Delegations, were then superseded by the choices of EU headquarters in
Brussels. Although the 11th EDF is
4864:
Independent research by the
European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM), a think tank based in Maastricht (The Netherlands), shows that the EU has ensured the effective translation into practice of two key policy commitments of the 'Agenda for Change' – namely a more focused strategy
4729:
In 2005, the EU and its Member States agreed to achieve a collective level of ODA of 0.7% of GNI by 2015 and an interim target of 0.56% by 2010, with differentiated intermediate targets for those EU Member States which had recently joined the Union. On 23 May 2011, EU ministers responsible for
4733:
By 2015, the EU had not reached 0.7% of GNI, though the commitment to this target was recently reaffirmed. The commitment held no deadline. Concord, the
European confederation for relief and development, described the pledge as "vague and non-binding" and said 2020 should be the new deadline.
4865:
for less developed countries (LDCs) and low-income countries (LICs), and the concentration of EU aid on a limited number of sectors and policy priorities. Their research found that the high degree of compliance was achieved "through top-level support and tight control from headquarters".
4753:
for human development’ at its centre. Adopted in 2011, it adopted 2 reforms designed to make its development policy both more strategic and more targeted. The Agenda for Change made new policies and rules for budget support. The three main elements of this Agenda were:
1386:
5813:
4730:
development cooperation gathered to take stock of progress made and concluded that additional efforts would be needed to close an estimated gap of €50 billion to reach the self-imposed collective EU target of 0.7% by 2015.
5141:
Niles
Keijzer, Drifting towards exhaustion? Historical institutionalist perspectives on recent efforts to modernise the EU's partnerships with African states, in:Journal of Contemporary European Research, Vol.16, issue 3
4968:
5889:
5793:
4651:
4939:
3998:
5763:
803:
571:
4776:
The 10th EDF from 2008 to 2013 has a budget of €22.7 billion. This represents about 30% of EU spending on development cooperation aid, with the remainder coming directly from the EU budget.
5838:
5874:
5884:
1048:
6002:
5788:
994:
951:
943:
5628:
5650:
4463:
4694:, the European Commission underlined that it was not appropriate at the time to propose that the EDF be integrated into the EU budget. The perceived advantages included:
5753:
4972:
1079:
447:
4849:
4738:
4667:
4613:
1034:
4687:
EU policy instrument financed through a specific key that was different from the EU budget key, reflecting the comparative interests of individual Member States.
5828:
5778:
1039:
3302:
761:
6007:
4809:
The 11th EDF covers 2014 to 2020. This one-year extension compared to the 10th EDF allowed the end of the 11th EDF to coincide with the expiration of the
5184:
3826:
1150:
4936:
5843:
5808:
5773:
1248:
495:
4869:
closely aligned with national development plans, there is evidence that this top-down approach to programming has led to a significant erosion of key
5833:
1980:
1296:
5643:
1188:
1110:
1004:
5037:
4457:
1425:
930:
6068:
5927:
5848:
5803:
5658:
4647:
5823:
5783:
4764:
Other reforms for effectiveness – joint programming, common results framework, innovative financing (such as blending loans and grants), and
797:
483:
5987:
5954:
5932:
5223:
4606:
1243:
891:
4705:
the harmonisation of EU budget and EDF administration might have decreased administration costs and increased the effectiveness of the aid
5977:
5899:
5636:
4453:
3350:
1095:
1029:
1019:
549:
527:
421:
4475:
1158:
519:
471:
435:
4985:
3370:
1524:
1198:
1138:
876:
701:
563:
541:
507:
4831:
The 11th EDF is the last before the
Cotonou Partnership Agreement (CPA) between the EU and the countries of the ACP expires in 2020.
1511:
4438:
3947:
3365:
5190:
5087:
6114:
5728:
4599:
4408:
4103:
3991:
25:
5992:
5982:
5869:
5758:
5155:
4722:
90% of EDF resources reached low-income countries as opposed to less than 40% of aid from the EU budget development instruments
4373:
4363:
1494:
1430:
1283:
1263:
1253:
1176:
1058:
977:
4586:
5997:
5907:
4498:
3891:
3866:
1482:
5922:
4503:
4448:
4423:
4403:
4398:
4368:
4271:
3854:
3608:
3335:
3328:
1086:
915:
908:
866:
659:
459:
6119:
6012:
5972:
5798:
5768:
5723:
5351:
4887:
4443:
4433:
4428:
4418:
4383:
4378:
3881:
1959:
1534:
1469:
5062:
5967:
5281:
4900:
4562:
4493:
4413:
4388:
4023:
4018:
3307:
706:
596:
57:
4800:€430 million to the commission as support expenditure for programming and implementation of the EDF (2% of the total).
5944:
4540:
4393:
3898:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
1504:
1489:
1193:
1133:
1120:
989:
844:
829:
586:
5216:
4765:
4013:
3360:
2890:
2849:
2366:
2272:
1557:
1529:
1499:
1406:
1291:
1100:
1014:
999:
4711:
an all-ACP geographic strategy was no longer relevant as programmes are more localised to regions or country-level
4247:
3903:
3821:
3512:
5962:
5853:
5617:
5488:
5301:
4947:
4882:
4235:
1544:
1440:
1205:
1143:
715:
610:
34:
4824:
The 11th EDF unfolds in a radically changed global context for development cooperation, as the United
Nations
5879:
5713:
5576:
5326:
4905:
4825:
4331:
4319:
4295:
4067:
3799:
3789:
3345:
1365:
923:
576:
4725:
a loss of aid predictability and aid quality as the EU budget is annual, unlike the 6-year budget of the EDF
5498:
4307:
4199:
4187:
4163:
4139:
4127:
4115:
4079:
4055:
4043:
3930:
3849:
3844:
3680:
1352:
581:
4969:
More or less? A financial analysis of the proposed 11th
European Development Fund (ECDPM Briefing Note 29)
5591:
5543:
5413:
5408:
5209:
4545:
4355:
4283:
4223:
4175:
4151:
4091:
3935:
3806:
2839:
2391:
2371:
765:
5917:
5117:
4343:
4259:
4211:
3876:
3811:
1539:
1258:
1230:
1223:
6058:
5548:
5373:
3816:
1183:
1127:
839:
689:
5553:
5515:
4663:
4658:. Until 2020 the EDF was subject to its own financial rules and procedures, and was managed by the
3340:
1336:
1331:
861:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
5473:
5012:
4820:
Understanding the magnitude of the 11th EDF programming challenge is critical for three reasons:
3886:
3656:
2844:
972:
967:
6053:
5700:
5666:
5443:
5403:
5383:
5363:
5266:
4557:
3925:
3861:
3644:
2905:
1965:
886:
783:
623:
442:
6093:
5818:
5581:
5378:
4699:
4580:
3942:
3908:
3740:
3728:
3704:
3476:
2386:
1276:
1063:
1043:
881:
4897:– a former magazine of Africa-Caribbean-Pacific and European Union cooperation and relations
6043:
6038:
5601:
5586:
5533:
5503:
5458:
5453:
5428:
5286:
4893:
4534:
3974:
3954:
3784:
3716:
3596:
3572:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3488:
3464:
3452:
2416:
2401:
2396:
1378:
870:
5571:
4786:€17 766 million to the national and regional indicative programmes (81% of the ACP total),
8:
6028:
5939:
5738:
5708:
5690:
5669:
5493:
5483:
5433:
5393:
5346:
5341:
5331:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5291:
5276:
5271:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5091:
4853:
4749:
The European Commission's development strategy – Agenda for Change – puts ‘inclusive and
4659:
4487:
4194:
3964:
3959:
3764:
3692:
3632:
3603:
3584:
3560:
3500:
3297:
3081:
3076:
2883:
2411:
2406:
2254:
2109:
2104:
1747:
1073:
1009:
854:
677:
665:
617:
243:
6048:
5596:
5538:
5478:
5468:
5448:
5438:
5423:
5418:
5398:
5368:
5336:
5321:
5296:
5232:
5095:
4750:
4552:
4483:
3969:
3777:
3752:
3668:
3620:
2424:
1474:
777:
629:
2834:
6073:
6063:
5508:
5463:
5388:
5358:
4870:
4810:
3313:
1286:
671:
454:
4690:
There was a debate on whether to 'budgetise' the EDF. However, in the Communication
6033:
4655:
2322:
822:
695:
4789:€2 700 million to intra-ACP and intra-regional cooperation (12% of the ACP total),
1114:
4943:
4937:
Financing European development cooperation: the Financial Perspectives 2014–2020.
3913:
3355:
2259:
1090:
490:
2334:
5661:
4674:
4635:
4511:
4098:
3918:
3507:
2985:
2980:
2506:
2293:
1951:
1643:
1301:
895:
833:
683:
647:
641:
139:
6108:
4845:
4714:
there would have been increased democratic control and parliamentary scrutiny
4005:
3271:
2800:
2439:
2358:
2286:
1104:
653:
4856:, that makes a chance for a greater say in how these funds are distributed.
4990:
3793:
2346:
2310:
2298:
1445:
Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
635:
4266:
3675:
3153:
3148:
2826:
2675:
2181:
2176:
1938:
1825:
321:
5718:
5195:
4666:. The EDF has been incorporated into the EU's general budget as of the
4242:
3651:
3129:
3124:
2649:
2157:
2152:
1799:
1306:
478:
295:
5201:
4737:
The EDF has been incorporated into the EU's general budget as of the
4708:
20% of aid to the ACP countries already originates from the EU budget
4639:
4230:
3639:
3117:
3112:
2636:
2240:
2145:
2140:
1786:
982:
282:
5912:
4326:
4314:
4290:
4062:
3735:
3723:
3699:
3471:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3177:
3172:
2948:
2943:
2740:
2727:
2701:
2480:
2281:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2188:
1987:
1890:
1877:
1851:
1604:
591:
386:
373:
347:
100:
5814:
Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union
5682:
4643:
4302:
4182:
4158:
4134:
4122:
4110:
4074:
4050:
4038:
3711:
3591:
3567:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3483:
3459:
3447:
3258:
3189:
3184:
3069:
3064:
3045:
3040:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2960:
2955:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2787:
2714:
2597:
2571:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2493:
2467:
2454:
2341:
2317:
2305:
2085:
2080:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1864:
1734:
1708:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1617:
1591:
1578:
1387:
Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
938:
514:
466:
430:
360:
230:
204:
178:
165:
152:
113:
87:
74:
43:
4761:
Budget support (or 'State Building Contracts in fragile states)
4468:
4350:
4278:
4218:
4170:
4146:
4086:
3759:
3687:
3627:
3579:
3555:
3495:
3284:
3237:
3232:
3165:
3160:
3105:
3100:
3057:
3052:
3033:
3028:
2973:
2968:
2870:
2813:
2766:
2688:
2623:
2584:
2558:
2353:
2329:
2133:
2128:
2097:
2092:
2073:
2068:
2037:
2032:
1916:
1838:
1773:
1721:
1695:
1630:
558:
536:
502:
412:
334:
269:
217:
191:
126:
5683:
Table of European Commission Directorates-General and Services
4792:€1 500 million to Investment Facilities (7% of the ACP total).
5063:"Blending Loans Grants Development Effective Mix EU? – ECDPM"
4338:
4254:
4206:
3747:
3663:
3615:
3225:
3220:
3141:
3136:
3093:
3088:
2753:
2662:
2610:
2229:
2224:
2169:
2164:
2121:
2116:
1903:
1812:
1760:
399:
308:
256:
4464:
Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
5118:"Dossier: The Future of ACP-EU Relations Post-2020 – ECDPM"
4986:"EU draws fire for failing to set date for 0.7% aid target"
1254:
Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
4779:
The budget of the 10th EDF can be broken down as follows:
5983:
Infrastructures and Logistics (Brussels & Luxembourg)
5890:
European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
4973:
European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM)
4783:€21 966 million to the ACP countries (97% of the total),
4516:
5038:"Analysis of the EU's State Building Contracts – ECDPM"
4702:
and this may have increased the voluntary contributions
4967:
Kilnes, U., N. Keijzer, J. van Seters and A. Sherriff
4654:(OCT). Funding was provided by voluntary donations by
5794:
Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs
5156:"Programming the 11th EDF – an independent analysis"
4638:(EU) aid for development cooperation in Africa, the
4983:
6106:
1249:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
5764:Communications Networks, Content and Technology
1426:European Institute of Innovation and Technology
528:Countries with suspended accession negotiations
5789:Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Inclusion
5644:
5217:
4607:
5150:
5148:
4871:aid and development effectiveness principles
4797:€286 million to the OCTs (1% of the total),
3351:Political groups of the European Parliament
1422:Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
5651:
5637:
5224:
5210:
5013:"Changes in the EU's "Agenda for Change"?"
4850:2021–2027 multi-annual financial framework
4739:2021–2027 multi-annual financial framework
4668:2021–2027 multi-annual financial framework
4614:
4600:
18:Fund for European Union aid to other areas
5885:International Cooperation and Development
5875:Neighborhood and Enlargement Negotiations
5145:
4844:The EDF has been incorporated as part of
1525:Publications Office of the European Union
3948:European System of Financial Supervision
1244:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
4963:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4718:The perceived disadvantages were that:
4698:contributions would have been based on
4454:United Kingdom–European Union relations
2379:Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
6107:
5870:Service for Foreign Policy Instruments
5231:
4476:United States–European Union relations
1495:European Economic and Social Committee
5632:
5205:
5189:Europa: Summaries of EU legislation:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4828:(SDGs) were agreed in September 2015.
4804:
4771:
4499:European Union and the United Nations
4031:Foreign relations of EU member states
4952:
4835:follow a policy of fiscal austerity.
4744:
4504:European Union Association Agreement
4439:Switzerland–European Union relations
3336:Elections to the European Parliament
4888:ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly
4873:, in particular country ownership.
4409:Kazakhstan–European Union relations
1960:Nuclear power in the European Union
1535:European Personnel Selection Office
1470:European Data Protection Supervisor
1431:European Public Prosecutor's Office
13:
5968:European Political Strategy Centre
4918:
4901:Development Cooperation Instrument
4813:in 2020 and the EU budget period.
4652:Overseas Countries and Territories
4563:Convention on the Future of Europe
4494:Microstates and the European Union
4374:Australia–European Union relations
4364:Argentina–European Union relations
3312:
3308:Microstates and the European Union
2889:
2857:Non-Schengen area EU member states
2423:
1964:
597:Withdrawal from the European Union
14:
6131:
5945:Structural Reform Support Service
5754:Agriculture and Rural Development
5177:
5088:"European Development Fund (EDF)"
4673:Articles 131 and 136 of the 1957
4541:European Coal and Steel Community
1505:European Union Military Committee
1490:European Committee of the Regions
1393:Decentralised agencies of the EU
1121:Member of the European Parliament
792:Abandoned treaties and agreements
6087:
5737:
5660:
4984:Clár Ní Chonghaile (June 2015).
4766:Policy Coherence for Development
4574:
4449:Ukraine–European Union relations
4424:Moldova–European Union relations
4404:Iceland–European Union relations
4399:Georgia–European Union relations
4369:Armenia–European Union relations
4349:
4337:
4325:
4313:
4301:
4289:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4109:
4097:
4085:
4073:
4061:
4049:
4037:
3758:
3746:
3734:
3722:
3710:
3698:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3602:
3590:
3578:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3446:
3277:
3264:
3251:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2967:
2954:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2876:
2863:
2850:Visa policy of the Schengen Area
2819:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2759:
2746:
2733:
2720:
2707:
2694:
2681:
2668:
2655:
2642:
2629:
2616:
2603:
2590:
2577:
2564:
2551:
2538:
2525:
2512:
2499:
2486:
2473:
2460:
2447:
2352:
2340:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2280:
2253:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2079:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1944:
1931:
1909:
1896:
1883:
1870:
1857:
1844:
1831:
1818:
1805:
1792:
1779:
1766:
1753:
1740:
1727:
1714:
1701:
1688:
1675:
1662:
1649:
1636:
1623:
1610:
1597:
1584:
1571:
1530:European External Action Service
1500:Political and Security Committee
1407:European Supervisory Authorities
937:
784:European Economic Area Agreement
557:
535:
513:
501:
489:
477:
465:
453:
441:
429:
405:
392:
379:
366:
353:
340:
327:
314:
301:
288:
275:
262:
249:
236:
223:
210:
197:
184:
171:
158:
145:
132:
119:
106:
93:
80:
67:
42:
5185:European Development Fund (EDF)
4758:Targeting and concentrating aid
4444:Turkey–European Union relations
4434:Russia–European Union relations
4429:Norway–European Union relations
4419:Mexico–European Union relations
4384:Canada–European Union relations
4379:Brazil–European Union relations
3904:Passports of the European Union
2894:Schengen Area from January 2023
6115:Politics of the European Union
5829:Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
5779:Economic and Financial Affairs
5135:
5110:
5080:
5055:
5030:
5005:
4977:
4948:Overseas Development Institute
4883:ACP-EU Development Cooperation
4634:) was the main instrument for
4414:Japan–European Union relations
4389:China–European Union relations
1545:European Administrative School
1441:European Data Protection Board
1326:European Investment Bank Group
35:Politics of the European Union
1:
4911:
4906:EuropeAid Co-Operation Office
4839:
4826:Sustainable Development Goals
4394:European Union–NATO relations
3440:Elections in EU member states
3371:Referendums related to the EU
1366:European University Institute
1360:European University Institute
587:Germany–Netherlands relations
6008:Human Resources and Security
3931:European Banking Supervision
1969:Euratom since 1 January 2021
1416:Executive agencies of the EU
1353:European Stability Mechanism
1347:European Stability Mechanism
7:
4876:
4546:European Economic Community
3936:Single Resolution Mechanism
3303:EEA National Identity cards
2840:Schengen Information System
2372:Enlargement of the eurozone
1981:Economic and Monetary Union
1437:Corporate bodies of the EU
1055:Council preparatory bodies
804:UK membership renegotiation
10:
6136:
6120:European Union foreign aid
5844:Taxation and Customs Union
5809:Migration and Home Affairs
5774:Defence Industry and Space
4859:
4681:
1519:Inter-institutional bodies
1264:Public Prosecutor's Office
1231:European Court of Auditors
1224:European Court of Auditors
1177:Court of Justice of the EU
6094:European Union portal
6082:
6021:
5953:
5898:
5862:
5834:Regional and Urban Policy
5746:
5735:
5699:
5676:
5610:
5562:
5524:
5239:
5191:European Development Fund
4628:European Development Fund
4581:European Union portal
1184:European Court of Justice
611:Treaties and Declarations
577:Belgium–Germany relations
5198:African Voices in Europe
4692:A budget for Europe 2020
4664:European Investment Bank
1464:Other independent bodies
909:Legislative institutions
882:College of Commissioners
862:Von der Leyen Commission
582:France–Germany relations
24:This article is part of
5978:Data Protection Officer
5839:Research and Innovation
4942:March 16, 2011, at the
2845:Visa Information System
2273:Other currencies in use
1064:Council Working Parties
5988:Internal Audit Service
5849:Mobility and Transport
5804:Health and Food Safety
5729:Civil Service Tribunal
5282:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4558:Western European Union
3926:European banking union
3862:European Single Market
3431:2024 (latest election)
3318:
3317:European Economic Area
2906:European Economic Area
2895:
2429:
1970:
1396:Single market agencies
817:Executive institutions
757:Treaties of succession
448:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5824:Justice and Consumers
5819:Joint Research Centre
5784:Education and Culture
5667:Administration of the
5183:European Commission:
3943:Capital Markets Union
3855:Free Trade Agreements
3316:
2893:
2427:
1968:
1277:European Central Bank
1238:Other auditory bodies
1218:Auditory institutions
1171:Judicial institutions
916:Legislative procedure
798:European Constitution
722:Treaties of accession
6044:Convent Van Maerlant
5709:Directorates-General
4935:Mikaela Gavas 2010.
4650:) countries and the
4535:European Communities
3975:Enhanced cooperation
3346:European foundations
2963:(provisional member)
1512:EU/ESA Space Council
1379:Unified Patent Court
1373:Unified Patent Court
1159:National parliaments
1049:Directorates-general
5940:Europe by Satellite
5928:Secretariat-General
5691:Directorate-General
5670:European Commission
5525:States with limited
5233:Politics of Europe
5092:European Commission
4854:European Parliament
4852:of the EU. For the
4660:European Commission
4014:Ext. Action Service
3999:High Representative
3965:European Federation
3839:Policies and issues
3298:EEA Joint Committee
2428:Eurozone since 2015
1450:Joint undertakings
1074:European Parliament
855:European Commission
678:Treaty of Amsterdam
666:Single European Act
618:Schuman Declaration
572:Special territories
550:Applicant countries
422:Candidate countries
5098:on 2 November 2011
4805:11th EDF 2014–2020
4772:10th EDF 2008–2013
4751:sustainable growth
4553:European Community
4484:Common Travel Area
3970:Multi-speed Europe
3827:Fundamental Rights
3378:European elections
3319:
2896:
2430:
1971:
1475:European Ombudsman
952:July–December 2024
778:Schengen Agreement
690:Berlin Declaration
660:Solemn Declaration
630:Europe Declaration
6102:
6101:
6074:Triangle building
6064:Madou Plaza Tower
5955:Internal Services
5933:Secretary-General
5626:
5625:
4811:Cotonou Agreement
4745:Agenda for Change
4624:
4623:
3992:Foreign relations
1925:Associated states
1540:Anti-Fraud Office
1259:Anti-Fraud Office
1194:Advocates General
1040:Secretary-General
924:Council of the EU
892:Secretary-General
672:Maastricht Treaty
6127:
6092:
6091:
6090:
5900:General Services
5741:
5686:
5665:
5664:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5630:
5629:
5563:Dependencies and
5499:Northern Ireland
5240:Sovereign states
5226:
5219:
5212:
5203:
5202:
5196:EC Aid to Africa
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5152:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5094:. Archived from
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4981:
4975:
4965:
4950:
4933:
4656:EU member states
4616:
4609:
4602:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4354:
4353:
4342:
4341:
4330:
4329:
4318:
4317:
4306:
4305:
4294:
4293:
4282:
4281:
4270:
4269:
4258:
4257:
4246:
4245:
4234:
4233:
4222:
4221:
4210:
4209:
4198:
4197:
4186:
4185:
4174:
4173:
4162:
4161:
4150:
4149:
4138:
4137:
4126:
4125:
4114:
4113:
4102:
4101:
4090:
4089:
4078:
4077:
4066:
4065:
4054:
4053:
4042:
4041:
3960:Supranationalism
3867:Area of FS&J
3763:
3762:
3751:
3750:
3739:
3738:
3727:
3726:
3715:
3714:
3703:
3702:
3691:
3690:
3679:
3678:
3667:
3666:
3655:
3654:
3643:
3642:
3631:
3630:
3619:
3618:
3607:
3606:
3595:
3594:
3583:
3582:
3571:
3570:
3559:
3558:
3547:
3546:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3522:
3511:
3510:
3499:
3498:
3487:
3486:
3475:
3474:
3463:
3462:
3451:
3450:
3341:European parties
3282:
3281:
3280:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3236:
3235:
3224:
3223:
3212:
3211:
3200:
3199:
3188:
3187:
3176:
3175:
3164:
3163:
3152:
3151:
3140:
3139:
3128:
3127:
3116:
3115:
3104:
3103:
3092:
3091:
3080:
3079:
3068:
3067:
3056:
3055:
3044:
3043:
3032:
3031:
3020:
3019:
3008:
3007:
2996:
2995:
2984:
2983:
2972:
2971:
2959:
2958:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2923:
2922:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2357:
2356:
2345:
2344:
2333:
2332:
2323:Hungarian forint
2321:
2320:
2309:
2308:
2297:
2296:
2285:
2284:
2258:
2257:
2228:
2227:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2203:
2192:
2191:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2155:
2144:
2143:
2132:
2131:
2120:
2119:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2060:
2059:
2048:
2047:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2023:
2012:
2011:
2000:
1999:
1988:Eurozone members
1949:
1948:
1947:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1419:Euratom agencies
1044:Thérèse Blanchet
942:
941:
845:List of meetings
823:European Council
696:Treaty of Lisbon
562:
561:
540:
539:
518:
517:
506:
505:
494:
493:
482:
481:
470:
469:
458:
457:
446:
445:
434:
433:
410:
409:
408:
397:
396:
395:
384:
383:
382:
371:
370:
369:
358:
357:
356:
345:
344:
343:
332:
331:
330:
319:
318:
317:
306:
305:
304:
293:
292:
291:
280:
279:
278:
267:
266:
265:
254:
253:
252:
241:
240:
239:
228:
227:
226:
215:
214:
213:
202:
201:
200:
189:
188:
187:
176:
175:
174:
163:
162:
161:
150:
149:
148:
137:
136:
135:
124:
123:
122:
111:
110:
109:
98:
97:
96:
85:
84:
83:
72:
71:
70:
46:
21:
20:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6098:
6088:
6086:
6078:
6017:
5949:
5894:
5858:
5742:
5733:
5695:
5680:
5672:
5659:
5657:
5627:
5622:
5606:
5564:
5558:
5544:Northern Cyprus
5526:
5520:
5414:North Macedonia
5235:
5230:
5180:
5175:
5174:
5164:
5162:
5154:
5153:
5146:
5140:
5136:
5126:
5124:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5101:
5099:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5071:
5069:
5061:
5060:
5056:
5046:
5044:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5021:
5019:
5011:
5010:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4982:
4978:
4966:
4953:
4944:Wayback Machine
4934:
4919:
4914:
4879:
4862:
4842:
4807:
4774:
4747:
4684:
4620:
4591:
4587:Other countries
4575:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4530:
4522:
4521:
4508:
4480:
4360:
4348:
4336:
4324:
4312:
4300:
4288:
4276:
4264:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4096:
4084:
4072:
4060:
4048:
4036:
4033:
4028:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3914:Pro-Europeanism
3840:
3832:
3831:
3780:
3770:
3769:
3757:
3745:
3733:
3721:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3673:
3661:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3565:
3553:
3541:
3529:
3517:
3505:
3493:
3481:
3469:
3457:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3380:
3375:
3356:Spitzenkandidat
3331:
3321:
3320:
3294:
3289:
3278:
3276:
3265:
3263:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3242:
3230:
3218:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3110:
3098:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2978:
2966:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2917:
2914:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2877:
2875:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2835:Prüm Convention
2831:
2820:
2818:
2807:
2805:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2760:
2758:
2747:
2745:
2734:
2732:
2721:
2719:
2708:
2706:
2695:
2693:
2682:
2680:
2669:
2667:
2656:
2654:
2643:
2641:
2630:
2628:
2617:
2615:
2604:
2602:
2591:
2589:
2578:
2576:
2565:
2563:
2552:
2550:
2539:
2537:
2526:
2524:
2513:
2511:
2500:
2498:
2487:
2485:
2474:
2472:
2461:
2459:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2431:
2422:
2421:
2381:
2376:
2363:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2279:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2260:Paschal Donohoe
2252:
2244:
2237:
2235:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2018:
2006:
1994:
1991:
1983:
1973:
1972:
1956:
1945:
1943:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1910:
1908:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1882:
1871:
1869:
1858:
1856:
1845:
1843:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1817:
1806:
1804:
1793:
1791:
1780:
1778:
1767:
1765:
1754:
1752:
1741:
1739:
1728:
1726:
1715:
1713:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1687:
1676:
1674:
1663:
1661:
1650:
1648:
1637:
1635:
1624:
1622:
1611:
1609:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1583:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1564:Euratom members
1560:
1550:
1549:
1521:
1516:
1486:
1483:Advisory bodies
1479:
1466:
1461:
1390:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1337:Investment Fund
1332:Investment Bank
1328:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1240:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1139:Vice Presidents
1083:
1077:
1070:
1026:
1025:
1024:
962:
957:
956:
955:
948:
936:
934:
927:
920:
911:
901:
900:
877:Vice Presidents
858:
851:
826:
818:
810:
809:
794:
789:
774:
769:
768:
759:
754:
753:
724:
719:
718:
713:
624:Treaty of Paris
613:
603:
602:
601:
568:
556:
553:
546:
534:
531:
524:
512:
500:
496:North Macedonia
488:
476:
464:
452:
440:
428:
425:
418:
417:
406:
404:
393:
391:
380:
378:
367:
365:
354:
352:
341:
339:
328:
326:
315:
313:
302:
300:
289:
287:
276:
274:
263:
261:
250:
248:
237:
235:
224:
222:
211:
209:
198:
196:
185:
183:
172:
170:
159:
157:
146:
144:
133:
131:
120:
118:
107:
105:
94:
92:
81:
79:
68:
66:
61:
37:
19:
12:
11:
5:
6133:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5993:Interpretation
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5959:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5904:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5759:Climate Action
5756:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5705:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5687:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5656:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5633:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5618:European Union
5614:
5612:
5611:Other entities
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5565:other entities
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5489:United Kingdom
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5302:Czech Republic
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5229:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5179:
5178:External links
5176:
5173:
5172:
5144:
5134:
5109:
5079:
5054:
5029:
5004:
4976:
4971:. Maastricht:
4951:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4890:
4885:
4878:
4875:
4861:
4858:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4762:
4759:
4746:
4743:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4683:
4680:
4675:Treaty of Rome
4636:European Union
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4583:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4531:
4529:Defunct bodies
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4359:
4358:
4346:
4334:
4322:
4310:
4298:
4286:
4274:
4262:
4250:
4238:
4226:
4214:
4202:
4190:
4178:
4166:
4154:
4142:
4130:
4118:
4106:
4104:Czech Republic
4094:
4082:
4070:
4058:
4046:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4024:Defence Policy
4021:
4019:Foreign Policy
4016:
4009:
4008:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3967:
3962:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3919:Euroscepticism
3916:
3911:
3906:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3822:Recommendation
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3755:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3671:
3659:
3647:
3635:
3623:
3611:
3599:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3527:
3515:
3513:Czech Republic
3503:
3491:
3479:
3467:
3455:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:Constituencies
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3274:
3261:
3245:Non-EU members
3243:
3241:
3240:
3228:
3216:
3204:
3192:
3180:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3096:
3084:
3072:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2988:
2986:Czech Republic
2976:
2964:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2888:
2887:
2873:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2829:
2816:
2803:
2790:
2774:Non-EU members
2772:
2770:
2769:
2756:
2743:
2730:
2717:
2704:
2691:
2678:
2665:
2652:
2639:
2626:
2613:
2600:
2587:
2574:
2561:
2548:
2535:
2522:
2509:
2507:Czech Republic
2496:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2362:
2361:
2349:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2301:
2289:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2004:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1952:United Kingdom
1941:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1906:
1893:
1880:
1867:
1854:
1841:
1828:
1815:
1802:
1789:
1776:
1763:
1750:
1737:
1724:
1711:
1698:
1685:
1672:
1659:
1646:
1644:Czech Republic
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1497:
1492:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:of the Euratom
1454:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1302:Euro banknotes
1299:
1294:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1108:
1096:Largest groups
1093:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
986:
985:
975:
970:
964:
963:
960:Configurations
958:
949:
935:
928:
921:
919:
918:
912:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:
898:
889:
884:
879:
874:
864:
852:
850:
849:
848:
847:
842:
820:
819:
816:
815:
812:
811:
808:
807:
801:
790:
788:
787:
781:
772:Other treaties
770:
760:
755:
725:
720:
714:
712:
711:
710:
709:
704:
693:
687:
684:Treaty of Nice
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
648:Euratom Treaty
645:
642:Treaty of Rome
639:
633:
627:
621:
614:
609:
608:
605:
604:
600:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
567:
566:
547:
545:
544:
525:
523:
522:
510:
498:
486:
474:
462:
450:
438:
419:
416:
415:
402:
389:
376:
363:
350:
337:
324:
311:
298:
285:
272:
259:
246:
233:
220:
207:
194:
181:
168:
155:
142:
140:Czech Republic
129:
116:
103:
90:
77:
63:
62:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
33:
30:
29:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6132:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6095:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6054:Jean Monnet 2
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5998:Legal Service
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5908:Communication
5906:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5740:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5701:Civil Service
5698:
5692:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5663:
5654:
5649:
5647:
5642:
5640:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5577:Faroe Islands
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5549:South Ossetia
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5523:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:Liechtenstein
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5227:
5222:
5220:
5215:
5213:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5138:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5043:
5039:
5033:
5018:
5014:
5008:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4980:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4917:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4846:Global Europe
4833:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4812:
4799:
4796:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4742:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4688:
4679:
4676:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4662:(EC) and the
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4572:
4571:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4006:Josep Borrell
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3850:Customs Union
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3794:ECJ Case 6/64
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Apportionment
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3286:
3275:
3273:
3272:Liechtenstein
3262:
3260:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2892:
2885:
2874:
2872:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2817:
2815:
2804:
2802:
2801:Liechtenstein
2791:
2789:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2768:
2757:
2755:
2744:
2742:
2731:
2729:
2718:
2716:
2705:
2703:
2692:
2690:
2679:
2677:
2666:
2664:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2638:
2627:
2625:
2614:
2612:
2601:
2599:
2588:
2586:
2575:
2573:
2562:
2560:
2549:
2547:
2536:
2534:
2523:
2521:
2510:
2508:
2497:
2495:
2484:
2482:
2471:
2469:
2458:
2456:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:Schengen Area
2436:
2435:
2426:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2359:Swedish krona
2355:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2287:Bulgarian lev
2283:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1942:
1940:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1918:
1907:
1905:
1894:
1892:
1881:
1879:
1868:
1866:
1855:
1853:
1842:
1840:
1829:
1827:
1816:
1814:
1803:
1801:
1790:
1788:
1777:
1775:
1764:
1762:
1751:
1749:
1738:
1736:
1725:
1723:
1712:
1710:
1699:
1697:
1686:
1684:
1673:
1671:
1660:
1658:
1647:
1645:
1634:
1632:
1621:
1619:
1608:
1606:
1595:
1593:
1582:
1580:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1402:AFSC agencies
1401:
1399:CFSP agencies
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1341:EIB Institute
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1206:General Court
1204:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:Iratxe García
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:Manfred Weber
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
984:
981:
980:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
961:
953:
947:
946:
940:
933:
932:
926:
925:
917:
914:
913:
910:
905:
904:
897:
893:
890:
888:
887:Civil Service
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
872:
871:Von der Leyen
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
857:
856:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
835:
831:
828:
827:
825:
824:
814:
813:
805:
802:
799:
796:
795:
793:
785:
782:
779:
776:
775:
773:
767:
763:
758:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
717:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:Merger Treaty
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:
612:
607:
606:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
565:
560:
555:
554:
552:
551:
543:
538:
533:
532:
530:
529:
521:
516:
511:
509:
504:
499:
497:
492:
487:
485:
480:
475:
473:
468:
463:
461:
456:
451:
449:
444:
439:
437:
432:
427:
426:
424:
423:
414:
403:
401:
390:
388:
377:
375:
364:
362:
351:
349:
338:
336:
325:
323:
312:
310:
299:
297:
286:
284:
273:
271:
260:
258:
247:
245:
234:
232:
221:
219:
208:
206:
195:
193:
182:
180:
169:
167:
156:
154:
143:
141:
130:
128:
117:
115:
104:
102:
91:
89:
78:
76:
65:
64:
59:
58:Member states
54:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
16:
5923:Publications
5863:External DGs
5681:
5554:Transnistria
5516:Vatican City
5163:. Retrieved
5159:
5137:
5125:. Retrieved
5121:
5112:
5100:. Retrieved
5096:the original
5082:
5070:. Retrieved
5066:
5057:
5045:. Retrieved
5041:
5032:
5020:. Retrieved
5016:
5007:
4995:. Retrieved
4991:The Guardian
4989:
4979:
4892:
4867:
4863:
4843:
4819:
4815:
4808:
4778:
4775:
4748:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4717:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4672:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4537:(1958–1993)
4030:
3997:
3877:Agricultural
3800:Subsidiarity
3439:
3377:
3291:
3244:
2911:
2856:
2773:
2378:
2347:Romanian leu
2335:Polish złoty
2311:Danish krone
2299:Czech koruna
2271:
2266:
2247:
2239:
2234:
1986:
1924:
1563:
1518:
1481:
1463:
1385:
1372:
1359:
1346:
1325:
1321:Other bodies
1237:
1222:
1175:
1157:
1072:
959:
944:
929:
922:
853:
821:
791:
771:
756:
721:
636:Spaak Report
548:
526:
420:
15:
6059:Joseph Bech
6039:Charlemagne
6013:Translation
5973:Informatics
5799:Environment
5769:Competition
5592:Isle of Man
5527:recognition
5474:Switzerland
5409:Netherlands
4894:The Courier
4272:Netherlands
3955:Integration
3899:Citizenship
3681:Netherlands
3154:Netherlands
2912:EEA members
2827:Switzerland
2676:Netherlands
2182:Netherlands
1939:Switzerland
1826:Netherlands
1130:(2019–2024)
1128:9th session
1035:Secretariat
806:(2015–2016)
322:Netherlands
6109:Categories
6029:Berlaymont
5747:Policy DGs
5719:Comitology
5444:San Marino
5404:Montenegro
5384:Luxembourg
5364:Kazakhstan
5267:Azerbaijan
4912:References
4840:After 2021
4248:Luxembourg
3807:Regulation
3657:Luxembourg
3130:Luxembourg
2650:Luxembourg
2158:Luxembourg
1800:Luxembourg
1411:SRM bodies
1307:Euro coins
1151:Conference
931:Presidency
707:Article 50
484:Montenegro
296:Luxembourg
6049:Euroforum
6022:Buildings
5582:Gibraltar
5379:Lithuania
5102:9 October
4848:into the
4678:a whole.
4648:ACP Group
4640:Caribbean
4236:Lithuania
3887:Fisheries
3873:Policies
3812:Directive
3645:Lithuania
3329:Elections
3118:Lithuania
2886:(Opt-out)
2637:Lithuania
2248:President
2241:Eurogroup
2146:Lithuania
1787:Lithuania
1453:of the EU
1284:President
1087:President
983:Eurogroup
896:Juhansone
867:President
830:President
702:Article 7
283:Lithuania
6069:Missions
5913:Eurostat
5714:Cabinets
5602:Svalbard
5587:Guernsey
5534:Abkhazia
5504:Scotland
5459:Slovenia
5454:Slovakia
5429:Portugal
5287:Bulgaria
4946:London:
4940:Archived
4877:See also
4332:Slovenia
4320:Slovakia
4296:Portugal
4068:Bulgaria
3909:Identity
3892:Regional
3817:Decision
3741:Slovenia
3729:Slovakia
3705:Portugal
3477:Bulgaria
3214:Slovenia
3202:Slovakia
3178:Portugal
2949:Bulgaria
2741:Slovenia
2728:Slovakia
2702:Portugal
2481:Bulgaria
2387:Bulgaria
2218:Slovenia
2206:Slovakia
2194:Portugal
1891:Slovenia
1878:Slovakia
1852:Portugal
1605:Bulgaria
1144:Quaestor
990:AGRIFISH
716:Opt-outs
387:Slovenia
374:Slovakia
348:Portugal
101:Bulgaria
26:a series
6034:Breydel
5494:England
5484:Ukraine
5434:Romania
5394:Moldova
5352:Ireland
5347:Iceland
5342:Hungary
5332:Germany
5327:Georgia
5317:Finland
5312:Estonia
5307:Denmark
5292:Croatia
5277:Belgium
5272:Belarus
5262:Austria
5257:Armenia
5252:Andorra
5247:Albania
5142:(2020).
4860:Critics
4682:Funding
4644:Pacific
4488:Ireland
4458:History
4308:Romania
4200:Ireland
4188:Hungary
4164:Germany
4140:Finland
4128:Estonia
4116:Denmark
4080:Croatia
4056:Belgium
4044:Austria
3790:Primacy
3717:Romania
3609:Ireland
3597:Hungary
3573:Germany
3549:Finland
3537:Estonia
3525:Denmark
3489:Croatia
3465:Belgium
3453:Austria
3259:Iceland
3190:Romania
3082:Ireland
3070:Hungary
3046:Germany
3022:Finland
3010:Estonia
2998:Denmark
2961:Croatia
2937:Belgium
2925:Austria
2884:Ireland
2788:Iceland
2715:Romania
2598:Hungary
2572:Germany
2546:Finland
2533:Estonia
2520:Denmark
2494:Croatia
2468:Belgium
2455:Austria
2417:Romania
2402:Hungary
2397:Denmark
2392:Czechia
2110:Ireland
2086:Germany
2062:Finland
2050:Estonia
2026:Croatia
2014:Belgium
2002:Austria
1865:Romania
1748:Ireland
1735:Hungary
1709:Germany
1683:Finland
1670:Estonia
1657:Denmark
1618:Croatia
1592:Belgium
1579:Austria
1558:Euratom
1287:Lagarde
1199:Rulings
1189:Members
1111:S&D
1091:Metsola
1080:Members
1059:COREPER
945:Hungary
840:Parties
836:(ALDE)
698:(2007)
520:Ukraine
472:Moldova
460:Georgia
436:Albania
361:Romania
244:Ireland
231:Hungary
205:Germany
179:Finland
166:Estonia
153:Denmark
114:Croatia
88:Belgium
75:Austria
5963:Budget
5854:Energy
5597:Jersey
5539:Kosovo
5479:Turkey
5469:Sweden
5449:Serbia
5439:Russia
5424:Poland
5419:Norway
5399:Monaco
5369:Latvia
5337:Greece
5322:France
5297:Cyprus
5165:21 May
5127:21 May
5072:21 May
5047:21 May
5022:21 May
4997:21 May
4642:, and
4469:Brexit
4356:Sweden
4284:Poland
4224:Latvia
4176:Greece
4152:France
4092:Cyprus
3882:Energy
3845:Budget
3785:Acquis
3765:Sweden
3693:Poland
3633:Latvia
3585:Greece
3561:France
3501:Cyprus
3292:Topics
3285:Norway
3283:
3270:
3257:
3238:Sweden
3166:Poland
3106:Latvia
3058:Greece
3034:France
2974:Cyprus
2882:
2871:Cyprus
2869:
2825:
2814:Norway
2812:
2799:
2786:
2767:Sweden
2765:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2713:
2700:
2689:Poland
2687:
2674:
2661:
2648:
2635:
2624:Latvia
2622:
2609:
2596:
2585:Greece
2583:
2570:
2559:France
2557:
2544:
2531:
2518:
2505:
2492:
2479:
2466:
2453:
2412:Sweden
2407:Poland
2367:ERM II
2134:Latvia
2098:Greece
2074:France
2038:Cyprus
1950:
1937:
1917:Sweden
1915:
1902:
1889:
1876:
1863:
1850:
1839:Poland
1837:
1824:
1811:
1798:
1785:
1774:Latvia
1772:
1759:
1746:
1733:
1722:Greece
1720:
1707:
1696:France
1694:
1681:
1668:
1655:
1642:
1631:Cyprus
1629:
1616:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1134:Bureau
1030:Voting
1000:COMPET
978:ECOFIN
834:Michel
800:(2004)
786:(1992)
780:(1985)
692:(2007)
686:(2001)
680:(1997)
674:(1992)
668:(1986)
662:(1983)
656:(1965)
650:(1957)
644:(1957)
638:(1956)
632:(1951)
626:(1951)
620:(1950)
564:Kosovo
542:Turkey
508:Serbia
413:Sweden
411:
398:
385:
372:
359:
346:
335:Poland
333:
320:
307:
294:
281:
270:Latvia
268:
255:
242:
229:
218:Greece
216:
203:
192:France
190:
177:
164:
151:
138:
127:Cyprus
125:
112:
99:
86:
73:
5880:Trade
5689:DG =
5572:Åland
5509:Wales
5464:Spain
5389:Malta
5359:Italy
5160:ECDPM
5122:ECDPM
5067:ECDPM
5042:ECDPM
5017:ECDPM
4344:Spain
4260:Malta
4212:Italy
3753:Spain
3669:Malta
3621:Italy
3226:Spain
3142:Malta
3094:Italy
2754:Spain
2663:Malta
2611:Italy
2230:Spain
2170:Malta
2122:Italy
1904:Spain
1813:Malta
1761:Italy
1405:ESFS
995:EPSCO
873:(EPP)
400:Spain
309:Malta
257:Italy
5918:OLAF
5724:EPSO
5167:2016
5129:2016
5104:2011
5074:2016
5049:2016
5024:2016
4999:2016
4626:The
3426:2019
3421:2014
3416:2009
3411:2004
3406:1999
3401:1994
3396:1989
3391:1984
3386:1979
1292:ESCB
1010:ENVI
766:2020
762:1984
751:2011
747:2005
743:2003
739:1994
735:1985
731:1979
727:1972
592:EU 3
60:(27)
6003:PMO
4700:GNI
4632:EDF
4517:G20
3778:Law
1297:EMU
1101:EPP
1020:EYC
1015:JHA
1005:TTE
973:FAC
968:GAC
6111::
5158:.
5147:^
5120:.
5090:.
5065:.
5040:.
5015:.
4988:.
4954:^
4920:^
4741:.
4670:.
4512:G7
4460:)
1089::
1042::
954:)
894::
869::
832::
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749:,
745:,
741:,
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