120:
32:
73:
871:"English is widely used on the European continent as an international language. Frequently conferences are conducted in English (and their proceedings published in English) when only a few of the participants are native speakers. At such conferences the English spoken often shows features at variance with the
741:
In 2006, Mollin rejected the idea that Euro-English existed as an independent variety of
English amongst European academics at the time. According to Forche (2012), 'The question whether the appropriation of English by non-native speakers in Continental Europe is giving rise to a potential European
750:
tendencies. Although these young mobile
Europeans had a greater potential to shape a continental norm, they appeared to use English mostly for pragmatic reasons rather than as a language they strongly identified with, and there was still not enough evidence to conclude Euro-English constituted an
891:
formulas of conference procedure, various details of pronunciation, and dozens of other features mark the
English as an emerging continental norm. Native speakers attending the conference may find themselves using some of these features as the verbal interaction takes place."
1814:
746:, Forche found more evidence of Euro-English than Mollin did amongst European academics. Many of the features suggested to be characteristic of Euro-English could be identified as learners' mistakes, although there are some
2008:
1825:
553:
based on common lexical and grammatical mistranslations influenced by the native languages of its non-native
English-speaking population mostly built on the technical
1474:
1111:
684:
412:
1857:
Salakhyan, Elena (2012). "The TĂĽbingen Corpus of
Eastern European English (TCEEE): From a small-scale corpus study to a newly emerging non-native English variety".
1591:
2101:
It is to be wished that the
Commission or the railroads had outlined, "precised," as the French say, the real fundamentals of the difficulty of the railroads.
94:
3706:
774:
to have more of an influence on Euro-English. There is also a possibility of a
Romance language replacing English. After the UK withdrew from the EU, the
3646:
2681:
2149:
1774:
2017:
2140:
2282:
2049:
1971:
3741:
2714:
1532:
81:
1746:
2645:
1721:
3791:
3576:
3811:
2884:
2769:
630:
976:. This mirrors the more frequent usage of such pronouns in European languages, but is also sometimes used as third-person
3292:
2340:
634:
501:
3397:
1074:. This mirrors the usage of "singular plurals", in terms of levels of formality, in European languages, such as French
672:
307:
2275:
2251:
1936:
1909:
660:
181:
163:
59:
1556:
145:
3196:
946:
A construction that appears with very high frequency in
European speakers of English is, for example, Euro English
3444:
3240:
2676:
2547:
2360:
1070:
in formal contexts, whereas native
English speakers in the US and UK have historically considered it an informal
829:
676:
562:
491:
311:
221:
3761:
3201:
2707:
2635:
2385:
2192:
960:" to the English language, in which the speaker always signifies whether they are a part of some bigger group.
663:
over several decades gradually diluted the influence of two of the EU's other non-English working languages of
130:
3801:
3494:
3456:
2557:
2119:"On the emergence of Euro-English as a potential European variety of English – attitudes and interpretations"
858:
45:
3857:
3852:
3796:
3449:
3269:
3086:
2907:
2650:
2602:
2472:
2467:
2268:
1782:
687:," the integration of international business and trade practices among member states, the influence of the
3172:
3162:
2760:
2727:
2723:
1061:
872:
594:
1953:
3756:
3471:
3329:
2740:
2607:
2432:
1469:
606:
20:
2692:
2094:
758:, due to the United Kingdom's having been an EU member state between 1973 and 2020. However, the UK's
3736:
3262:
3220:
3191:
3123:
3091:
2700:
2612:
2574:
714:
by non-native speakers of
English has led to the development of Euro English. The development of the
3847:
3842:
3461:
3415:
3314:
3287:
3252:
3147:
3018:
2532:
1533:"Thirteenth Annual Report of the European Free Trade Association (Geneva, Switzerland / 1972-1973)"
1619:
3673:
3506:
3324:
3299:
2502:
2462:
2442:
2422:
2325:
2034:
762:
means that the EU's scope of native English dialects has been mostly reduced to the varieties of
704:
439:
278:
268:
258:
141:
86:
911:
Non-native English speakers frequently drop the third person singular suffix (-s). For example:
3588:
3566:
3370:
3067:
3036:
2914:
2640:
2437:
2219:
825:
700:
3484:
1980:
3786:
3571:
3466:
3179:
3113:
2867:
2857:
2852:
2660:
2592:
2562:
2517:
2512:
2487:
2345:
1479:
1426:
715:
614:
578:
546:
293:
3779:
2630:
3208:
3101:
3041:
2919:
2892:
2809:
2552:
2542:
2492:
2452:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2390:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2350:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
775:
380:
273:
1873:
8:
3806:
3636:
3628:
3526:
3489:
3375:
3360:
3235:
3225:
3152:
2991:
2655:
2597:
2537:
2527:
2507:
2497:
2482:
2477:
2457:
2427:
2395:
2380:
2355:
2291:
1246:
898:
811:
767:
360:
350:
2136:"Rights Metaphors Across Hybrid Legal Languages, Such as Euro English and Legal Chinese"
2016:, European Court of auditors Secretariat General Translation Directorate, archived from
1260:
3696:
3663:
3598:
3581:
3436:
3257:
2804:
2794:
2567:
2522:
2447:
2417:
2166:
2135:
1099:
964:
782:
680:
652:
The term "Euro English" was first used by Carstensen in 1986 to denote the adoption of
263:
1796:
1326:
137:
3701:
3686:
3658:
3618:
3410:
3347:
3096:
2872:
2836:
2247:
2188:
2171:
1932:
1905:
977:
846:
771:
743:
719:
582:
477:
51:
3392:
497:
3821:
3774:
3726:
3653:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3536:
3382:
3355:
3213:
3133:
3078:
2976:
2958:
2945:
2782:
2777:
2244:
Englisch für die EU : Spezialwörterbuch für Steuern, Verwaltung und Wirtschaft
2161:
2153:
1464:
1049:
786:
692:
590:
550:
542:
434:
298:
288:
283:
2068:
1241:
3691:
3593:
3531:
3501:
3309:
3184:
3005:
2981:
2953:
2924:
2897:
2862:
2749:
2212:
1926:
1899:
1751:
1624:
1454:
1379:
1045:
888:
763:
755:
668:
664:
570:
250:
1388:
1255:
3766:
3681:
3641:
3541:
3365:
3118:
3023:
3013:
2929:
2731:
2157:
1459:
1414:
1410:
1145:
932:. This is atypical in Standard English, but it is permissible in Euro English.
919:
815:
790:
618:
610:
558:
423:
385:
375:
355:
217:
2208:
1901:
The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century
1373:
3836:
3816:
3731:
3387:
3304:
3245:
3157:
3108:
2986:
2968:
2224:
1071:
1067:
735:
731:
727:
708:
688:
365:
1356:
1321:
1300:
1272:
3319:
3167:
3046:
2175:
1149:
747:
574:
430:
1979:, Directorate-General for Translation, European Commission, archived from
1404:
1349:
1288:
1225:
1218:
1214:
1130:
1066:
It is extremely frequent among European speakers of English to prefer the
2118:
922:, may use the progressive aspect with stative predicates, such as saying
801:
723:
370:
1282:
1135:
1020:
Some words are given a plural with a final "s" in Euro-English, such as
3230:
2722:
566:
2260:
2069:"Duden | blauäugig | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft"
1722:"The English language could get really weird if Britain leaves the EU"
1367:
1305:
695:
registers, and the increased mistranslation and coinage of technical,
2787:
957:
653:
622:
464:
452:
241:
1394:
1210:
742:
variety of English has not yet been resolved.' In his test group of
738:
to communicate across Europe, and English usually filled that role.
148:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2814:
586:
509:
1497:
1495:
734:
created a new class of mobile young people in Europe who needed a
3751:
3746:
3556:
2902:
2829:
2824:
1153:
778:
wanted to encourage greater use of French as a working language.
642:
626:
505:
72:
2819:
2799:
1492:
963:
Euro English also features slightly more frequent usage of the
941:
759:
711:
646:
554:
303:
231:
1822:
European Centre for Modern Languages of the Council of Europe
1797:"Publications Office — Interinstitutional style guide — Home"
1098:, even though all of these examples are strictly used in the
638:
1561:
European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS)
861:
Project had drafted/defined "en-150" for English in Europe.
781:
Mannoni (2021) found that both the Euro English as found in
1557:"Differences between EU, EEA, EFTA, and Schengen countries"
824:-- used across several institutions of the European Union,
1747:"French set to replace English as EU's 'working language'"
1681:
1331:
Formed in imitation of a Romance language; compare French
875:
but shared by the other speakers. Continental meanings of
508:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2246:(2., ĂĽberarbeitete und erweiterte ed.). LexisNexis.
1648:
Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society
1475:
Glossary of European Union concepts, acronyms, and jargon
1112:
Glossary of European Union concepts, acronyms, and jargon
1044:
in French), while this pluralisation is ungrammatical in
696:
685:
Glossary of European Union concepts, acronyms, and jargon
413:
Glossary of European Union concepts, acronyms, and jargon
2051:
Misused English words and expressions in EU publications
2035:"10 Funny Euro-English Words We Might Hear More Of Soon"
2010:
A Brief List of Misused English Terms in EU Publications
1840:
1838:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1032:, to match similar words in European languages (such as
2209:
English in the European Union – Worlds of English (2/4)
1512:
1510:
802:
European Union and the European Free Trade Association
589:
with a lower proficiency in English inclusive of both
565:(EFTA). It is mostly used among EU staff, EFTA staff,
16:
Set of varieties of English used in Continental Europe
1835:
1693:
1659:
1657:
754:
Euro-English was heavily influenced and dominated by
1669:
1620:"The EU will still speak English but in its own way"
1507:
956:. Such constructions introduce a type of mandatory "
770:; one source believes that this will allow room for
605:
The usage of the English language in other parts of
918:Speakers of Euro English, in particular those from
2150:International Association for the Semiotics of Law
1654:
1316:, meaning "time limit, deadline; waiting period"
810:: "A handbook for authors and translators in the
3834:
1181:
1378:Used in Nordic countries (and is understood by
613:inherited colonies elsewhere in Europe such as
2235:Eurojargon: A Dictionary of the European Union
2141:International Journal for the Semiotics of Law
2708:
2276:
1928:Delivering the Framework for Teaching English
1865:
1338:
1187:
1175:
1087:
1027:
1021:
971:
947:
923:
882:
876:
3066:
1332:
1311:
1231:
1199:
1169:
1157:
1093:
1081:
1075:
1039:
1033:
1007:
1001:
987:
981:
852:
2187:. TĂĽbingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. p. 6.
1945:
1815:"Council of Europe English Style Guide PDF"
1193:
1163:
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3742:Comparison of American and British English
2715:
2701:
2283:
2269:
1614:
1612:
609:spread through the 19th century, when the
577:and young international travelers such as
2165:
1871:
1856:
1738:
887:, continental uses of tenses, calques on
182:Learn how and when to remove this message
164:Learn how and when to remove this message
3435:
1924:
1775:"English resources: English Style Guide"
1419:From French and other Romance influence
97:of all important aspects of the article.
2290:
2133:
2047:
2006:
1951:
1859:Token: A Journal of English Linguistics
1744:
1609:
1501:
843:Council of Europe - English Style Guide
502:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
3835:
2232:
2185:Euro-English: Assessing Variety Status
2182:
2116:
1897:
1844:
1719:
1704:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1592:"Brexit could create a new 'language'"
1540:European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
1516:
93:Please consider expanding the lead to
2696:
2264:
2002:
2000:
1715:
1713:
3812:Non-native pronunciations of English
2241:
2220:"Euro-English: Blasting the bombast"
2217:
2092:
1954:"The Tragedy of the Singular 'They'"
1952:Nicaise, Alexander (30 March 2020).
1872:Nordquist, Richard (21 March 2017).
1645:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1551:
1549:
1527:
1525:
1174:, Romanian/Spanish/Catalan/Galician
836:
113:
66:
25:
1925:Ross, Michael; West, Keith (2002).
954:there were five people at the party
13:
2202:
2099:. Review of Reviews. p. 345.
2041:
2027:
1997:
1710:
308:Institutions of the European Union
14:
3869:
2682:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1824:. 20 October 2023. Archived from
1567:
1546:
1522:
952:, as opposed to Standard English
661:enlargement of the European Union
637:, the latter three in modern-day
41:This article has multiple issues.
949:we were five people at the party
593:and non-standard native speaker
541:, is a group of dialects of the
118:
71:
30:
2110:
2086:
2061:
1964:
1931:. Nelson Thornes. p. 180.
1918:
1891:
1850:
1807:
1789:
1767:
1745:Forrest, Adam (June 10, 2021).
1427:English plural of the word euro
830:European Free Trade Association
796:
726:travel policy establishing the
677:European Free Trade Association
563:European Free Trade Association
312:European Free Trade Association
222:European Free Trade Association
85:may be too short to adequately
49:or discuss these issues on the
3762:English-based creole languages
2237:. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
2096:The American Review of Reviews
2007:Gardner, Jeremy (8 May 2013),
1720:Sonnad, Nikhil (11 May 2016).
1639:
906:
822:Interinstitutional Style Guide
95:provide an accessible overview
1:
3802:List of English-based pidgins
2117:Forche, Christian R. (2012).
2057:. European Court of Auditors.
1485:
1105:
1015:
973:one can protect one's country
859:Common Locale Data Repository
730:, and the establishment of a
3797:Linguistic purism in English
1781:. April 2023. Archived from
814:" – executive branch of the
793:, were 'hybrid languages'.
573:from EU and EFTA countries,
7:
2898:London & Thames Estuary
1448:
1055:
965:indefinite personal pronoun
673:European Union institutions
144:the claims made and adding
10:
3874:
3757:English as a lingua franca
2218:S.D. (30 September 2011).
2158:10.1007/s11196-020-09814-6
1874:"Euro-English in Language"
1470:English as a lingua franca
1361:Used in Nordic countries.
1109:
1059:
939:
864:
600:
21:English language in Europe
18:
3737:Broad and general accents
3719:
3672:
3647:regional and occupational
3627:
3614:
3607:
3519:
3480:
3428:
3406:
3346:
3278:
3143:
3132:
3077:
3059:
3032:
3004:
2967:
2944:
2883:
2845:
2768:
2759:
2748:
2739:
2669:
2621:
2583:
2298:
2134:Mannoni, Michele (2021).
1028:
1022:
972:
948:
935:
924:
883:
877:
853:Euro English in computers
529:, less commonly known as
488:
476:
462:
450:
445:
420:
406:
343:
247:
237:
227:
213:
208:
203:
198:
2048:Gardner, Jeremy (2016).
1904:. Penguin. p. 260.
760:withdrawal in early 2020
671:. The use of English in
19:Not to be confused with
2183:Mollin, Sandra (2006).
1898:Pinker, Steven (2014).
1092:, Danish and Norwegian
705:international relations
440:Unified English Braille
2915:Received Pronunciation
2341:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1801:Publications.Europa.eu
1339:
1333:
1312:
1287:He has retired to his
1281:He has retired to his
1232:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1140:The English adjective
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1040:
1034:
1008:
1002:
988:
982:
980:, such as with French
913:he often call meetings
894:
826:European Economic Area
701:international business
683:as identified in the "
585:, as well as European
579:international students
490:This article contains
3109:Multicultural Toronto
2233:Ramsay, Anne (2001).
2093:Shaw, Albert (1914).
1480:International English
1429:was first defined as
925:I'm coming from Spain
869:
751:independent variety.
716:international student
679:, the development of
547:International English
294:International English
3270:Western Pennsylvania
2292:Languages of Europe
1973:How to Write Clearly
1785:on 22 December 2016.
1690:, pp. 447, 473.
1352:from doing something
776:Government of France
381:Early Modern English
3858:Languages of Europe
3853:Dialects of English
3807:Mid-Atlantic accent
3398:Trinidad and Tobago
2584:States with limited
2242:Hans, BirĂł (2005).
1831:on 20 October 2023.
1779:European Commission
899:Charles A. Ferguson
812:European Commission
808:English Style Guide
785:, as well as legal
768:Republic of Ireland
595:dialects of English
535:Continental English
361:Proto-West Germanic
351:Proto-Indo-European
3330:Pennsylvania Dutch
1437:, before becoming
978:reflexive pronouns
873:English of England
783:European Union law
681:European Union law
129:possibly contains
3830:
3829:
3715:
3714:
3515:
3514:
3424:
3423:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3263:Pacific Northwest
3124:Standard Canadian
3055:
3054:
3000:
2999:
2940:
2939:
2690:
2689:
2023:on 10 August 2013
1646:Trudgill, Peter.
1542:. September 1973.
1423:
1422:
930:I come from Spain
847:Council of Europe
837:Council of Europe
772:Romance languages
720:Erasmus Programme
583:Erasmus programme
516:
515:
498:rendering support
494:phonetic symbols.
192:
191:
184:
174:
173:
166:
131:original research
112:
111:
64:
3865:
3727:English language
3612:
3611:
3433:
3432:
3416:Falkland Islands
3315:General American
3288:African-American
3141:
3140:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3063:
2766:
2765:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2745:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2622:Dependencies and
2558:Northern Ireland
2299:Sovereign states
2285:
2278:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2238:
2229:
2198:
2179:
2169:
2130:
2104:
2103:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1978:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1717:
1708:
1702:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1588:
1565:
1564:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1504:, 6. Conclusion.
1499:
1465:American English
1433:without a final
1342:
1336:
1315:
1310:From the French
1235:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1119:Standard English
1116:
1115:
1097:
1091:
1086:, older Spanish
1085:
1079:
1050:American English
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1011:
1005:
991:
985:
975:
951:
927:
902:
886:
880:
744:Erasmus students
693:Business English
591:Standard English
543:English language
527:European English
484:
455:
435:English alphabet
426:
299:European English
253:
204:European English
196:
195:
187:
180:
169:
162:
158:
155:
149:
146:inline citations
122:
121:
114:
107:
104:
98:
75:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3848:British English
3843:1986 neologisms
3833:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3711:
3668:
3623:
3603:
3511:
3507:Solomon Islands
3476:
3420:
3402:
3334:
3325:New York Latino
3300:American Indian
3280:
3274:
3135:
3128:
3069:
3051:
3037:Channel Islands
3028:
2996:
2963:
2936:
2879:
2841:
2751:
2735:
2721:
2691:
2686:
2665:
2623:
2617:
2603:Northern Cyprus
2585:
2579:
2473:North Macedonia
2294:
2289:
2254:
2213:Open University
2205:
2203:Further reading
2195:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2037:. May 19, 2016.
2033:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2013:
2005:
1998:
1989:
1987:
1986:on May 30, 2009
1983:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1870:
1866:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1752:The Independent
1743:
1739:
1730:
1728:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1655:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1625:Financial Times
1618:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1599:
1596:The Independent
1590:
1589:
1568:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1493:
1488:
1455:African English
1451:
1380:German speakers
1114:
1108:
1064:
1058:
1018:
992:, Scandinavian
944:
938:
909:
904:
896:
867:
855:
839:
804:
799:
764:Hiberno-English
756:British English
649:respectively.
603:
496:Without proper
482:
451:
438:
427:
422:
402:
346:
339:
254:
251:Language family
249:
220:
188:
177:
176:
175:
170:
159:
153:
150:
135:
123:
119:
108:
102:
99:
92:
80:This article's
76:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3871:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3769:
3767:Englishisation
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3674:Southeast Asia
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3589:South Atlantic
3586:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3441:
3439:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3371:Cayman Islands
3368:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3284:
3282:
3281:ethno-cultural
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3072:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2873:Stoke-on-Trent
2870:
2865:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2732:Modern English
2720:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2677:European Union
2673:
2671:
2670:Other entities
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2624:other entities
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2548:United Kingdom
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2361:Czech Republic
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2239:
2230:
2215:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2180:
2131:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2085:
2060:
2040:
2026:
1996:
1963:
1944:
1937:
1917:
1910:
1890:
1864:
1849:
1847:, p. 448.
1834:
1806:
1788:
1766:
1737:
1709:
1707:, p. 473.
1692:
1680:
1678:, p. 456.
1668:
1653:
1638:
1628:. 29 June 2016
1608:
1566:
1545:
1521:
1519:, p. 447.
1506:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:Indian English
1457:
1450:
1447:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:Conditionality
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1222:
1206:
1205:
1146:semantic shift
1144:has undergone
1138:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1107:
1104:
1057:
1054:
1017:
1014:
937:
934:
920:Eastern Europe
908:
905:
868:
866:
863:
854:
851:
850:
849:
838:
835:
834:
833:
819:
816:European Union
803:
800:
798:
795:
791:Mainland China
766:spoken in the
635:Ionian Islands
611:British Empire
602:
599:
559:European Union
545:and a form of
514:
513:
500:, you may see
486:
485:
480:
474:
473:
468:
460:
459:
456:
448:
447:
446:Language codes
443:
442:
428:
424:Writing system
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
408:
404:
403:
401:
400:
399:
398:
397:
396:
395:
394:
393:
392:
391:
390:
389:
388:
386:Modern English
376:Middle English
356:Proto-Germanic
349:
347:
344:
341:
340:
338:
337:
336:
335:
334:
333:
332:
331:
330:
329:
328:
327:
326:
325:
324:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:
257:
255:
248:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
218:European Union
215:
214:Native to
211:
210:
206:
205:
201:
200:
190:
189:
172:
171:
126:
124:
117:
110:
109:
89:the key points
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3870:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:International
3785:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:Torres Strait
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3202:North-Central
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:New York City
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:Ottawa Valley
3112:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2908:Multicultural
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:Black Country
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2858:West Midlands
2856:
2854:
2853:East Midlands
2851:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:Faroe Islands
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:South Ossetia
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Liechtenstein
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2255:
2253:3-7007-3213-9
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2225:The Economist
2221:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2152:: 1375–1399.
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2129:(2): 447–478.
2128:
2124:
2123:Jezikoslovlje
2120:
2115:
2114:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2030:
2019:
2012:
2011:
2003:
2001:
1982:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1938:9780748762620
1934:
1930:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1911:9780698170308
1907:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1879:
1878:ThoughtCo.com
1875:
1868:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1714:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1642:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
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1441:with a final
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1340:planificaciĂłn
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1334:planification
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1148:and is now a
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1118:
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1100:second person
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1072:colloquialism
1069:
1068:singular they
1063:
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736:lingua franca
733:
732:customs union
729:
728:Schengen Area
725:
721:
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709:public policy
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689:Legal English
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584:
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575:global nomads
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561:(EU) and the
560:
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366:Proto-English
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277:
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267:
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259:Indo-European
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127:This article
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54:
53:
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37:
28:
27:
22:
3572:South Africa
3567:Sierra Leone
3320:Miami Latino
3209:Philadelphia
3197:Inland North
3102:Newfoundland
2920:West Country
2734:by continent
2613:Transnistria
2575:Vatican City
2243:
2234:
2223:
2184:
2145:
2139:
2126:
2122:
2111:Bibliography
2100:
2095:
2088:
2077:. Retrieved
2073:www.duden.de
2072:
2063:
2050:
2043:
2029:
2018:the original
2009:
1988:, retrieved
1981:the original
1972:
1966:
1958:Free Inquiry
1957:
1947:
1927:
1920:
1900:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1877:
1867:
1858:
1852:
1826:the original
1821:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1783:the original
1778:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1750:
1740:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:
1683:
1671:
1666:, p. 6.
1647:
1641:
1630:. Retrieved
1623:
1600:. Retrieved
1598:. 2017-09-20
1595:
1560:
1539:
1502:Mannoni 2021
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1293:
1150:false friend
1141:
1122:Euro English
1065:
1035:informations
1023:informations
1019:
997:
993:
967:
962:
953:
945:
929:
917:
912:
910:
895:
870:
857:The Unicode
856:
842:
821:
807:
797:Style guides
780:
753:
748:nativisation
740:
724:open borders
658:
651:
604:
581:in the EU's
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:Euro-English
522:
519:Euro English
518:
517:
489:
470:
463:
317:Euro English
316:
199:Euro English
193:
178:
160:
151:
128:
100:
84:
82:lead section
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
3697:Philippines
3490:New Zealand
3376:Bay Islands
3356:The Bahamas
3279:Social and
3236:New Orleans
3153:New England
3047:Isle of Man
2992:Port Talbot
2893:East Anglia
2810:Northumbria
2651:Isle of Man
2586:recognition
2533:Switzerland
2468:Netherlands
2075:(in German)
1845:Forche 2012
1759:October 10,
1705:Forche 2012
1688:Forche 2012
1676:Forche 2012
1664:Mollin 2006
1517:Forche 2012
1242:Bureaucracy
1041:compétences
1029:competences
928:instead of
907:Conjugation
656:in Europe.
567:expatriates
504:instead of
371:Old English
345:Early forms
310:and of the
3837:Categories
3637:Bangladesh
3629:South Asia
3582:Cape Flats
3532:The Gambia
3457:Aboriginal
3293:vernacular
3258:California
3231:High Tider
3226:Appalachia
3087:Aboriginal
3019:South-West
2863:Birmingham
2820:Sunderland
2805:Manchester
2795:Lancashire
2503:San Marino
2463:Montenegro
2443:Luxembourg
2423:Kazakhstan
2326:Azerbaijan
2194:382336250X
2079:2021-01-25
1731:2021-01-25
1632:2021-03-02
1602:2021-01-25
1486:References
1389:overcharge
1337:, Spanish
1269:Six months
1256:Conditions
1247:Berlaymont
1186:, Italian
1156:in German
1110:See also:
1106:Vocabulary
1060:See also:
1016:Inflection
940:See also:
828:, and the
654:anglicisms
633:, and the
631:Heligoland
531:EU English
274:Ingvaeonic
138:improve it
46:improve it
3702:Singapore
3664:Sri Lanka
3619:Hong Kong
3445:variation
3437:Australia
3348:Caribbean
3214:Baltimore
3097:Lunenburg
3042:Gibraltar
2959:Highlands
2837:Yorkshire
2800:Liverpool
2641:Gibraltar
2438:Lithuania
2228:. London.
1755:. England
1374:blue-eyed
1198:, Polish
1168:, French
1080:, German
1000:, German
958:clusivity
845:, by the
718:exchange
623:Gibraltar
587:diplomats
551:in Europe
465:Glottolog
453:ISO 639-3
242:Europeans
238:Ethnicity
142:verifying
103:July 2018
87:summarize
52:talk page
3822:Standard
3792:Learning
3780:Nerrière
3771:Globish
3687:Malaysia
3659:Pakistan
3599:Zimbabwe
3527:Cameroon
3361:Barbados
3092:Atlantic
3060:Americas
2977:Abercraf
2946:Scotland
2925:Cornwall
2846:Midlands
2830:Teesside
2825:Tyneside
2815:Pitmatic
2778:Cheshire
2724:Dialects
2661:Svalbard
2646:Guernsey
2593:Abkhazia
2563:Scotland
2518:Slovenia
2513:Slovakia
2488:Portugal
2346:Bulgaria
2176:33840914
1449:See also
1357:hop over
1322:Planning
1301:Deadline
1273:Semester
1201:aktualny
1195:aktuálnĂ
1192:, Czech
1162:, Dutch
1154:cognates
1062:Register
1056:Register
878:eventual
675:and the
571:migrants
549:as used
539:EU Speak
510:Help:IPA
407:Dialects
264:Germanic
154:May 2021
3752:Engrish
3747:E-Prime
3720:Related
3707:Vietnam
3692:Myanmar
3562:Nigeria
3557:Namibia
3547:Liberia
3429:Oceania
3411:Bermuda
3383:Jamaica
3310:Chicano
3148:Midland
3134:United
3070:America
3006:Ireland
2982:Cardiff
2954:Glasgow
2903:Cockney
2783:Cumbria
2761:England
2752:Britain
2728:accents
2553:England
2543:Ukraine
2493:Romania
2453:Moldova
2411:Ireland
2406:Iceland
2401:Hungary
2391:Germany
2386:Georgia
2376:Finland
2371:Estonia
2366:Denmark
2351:Croatia
2336:Belgium
2331:Belarus
2321:Austria
2316:Armenia
2311:Andorra
2306:Albania
2167:8019294
1990:28 July
1883:28 July
1415:outline
1411:precise
1405:specify
1350:refrain
1294:Unknown
1289:cabinet
1233:prévoir
1230:French
1226:foresee
1219:provide
1215:include
1213:(for),
1189:attuale
1165:actueel
1159:aktuell
1131:Current
1125:Origin
1046:British
1012:, etc.
865:Grammar
787:Chinese
643:Germany
627:Menorca
601:History
557:of the
506:Unicode
306:of the
289:English
209:English
136:Please
3775:Gogate
3682:Brunei
3594:Uganda
3577:accent
3552:Malawi
3520:Africa
3495:accent
3450:accent
3393:Samaná
3366:Bequia
3185:accent
3158:Boston
3136:States
3119:Quebec
3079:Canada
3068:North
3024:Ulster
3014:Dublin
2930:Dorset
2788:Barrow
2750:Great
2741:Europe
2656:Jersey
2598:Kosovo
2538:Turkey
2528:Sweden
2508:Serbia
2498:Russia
2483:Poland
2478:Norway
2458:Monaco
2428:Latvia
2396:Greece
2381:France
2356:Cyprus
2250:
2191:
2174:
2164:
1935:
1908:
1726:Quartz
1372:To be
1366:To be
1283:office
1177:actual
1171:actuel
1142:actual
1136:Actual
942:Deixis
936:Deixis
901:(1992)
889:French
884:actual
712:jargon
707:, and
669:French
665:German
647:Greece
645:, and
619:Cyprus
607:Europe
555:jargon
537:, and
304:Jargon
284:Anglic
232:Europe
228:Region
3817:Plain
3732:Basic
3654:Nepal
3642:India
3542:Kenya
3537:Ghana
3502:Palau
3462:South
3305:Cajun
3246:Texas
3241:Older
3221:South
3192:North
3168:Maine
2987:Gower
2969:Wales
2885:South
2770:North
2631:Ă…land
2568:Wales
2523:Spain
2448:Malta
2418:Italy
2148:(5).
2055:(PDF)
2021:(PDF)
2014:(PDF)
1984:(PDF)
1977:(PDF)
1829:(PDF)
1818:(PDF)
1536:(PDF)
1439:euros
1413:, to
1368:naive
1313:délai
1306:Delay
1221:(for)
1183:atual
1152:(cf.
722:, an
697:legal
639:Spain
615:Malta
525:, or
483:en-EU
431:Latin
3608:Asia
3485:Fiji
3472:West
3388:Saba
3253:West
3173:West
3163:East
2726:and
2248:ISBN
2189:ISBN
2172:PMID
1992:2018
1933:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1885:2018
1761:2021
1431:euro
1425:The
1395:salt
1211:plan
1077:vous
1038:and
1026:and
1009:sich
1006:and
996:and
986:and
881:and
691:and
667:and
659:The
569:and
478:IETF
471:None
2730:of
2162:PMC
2154:doi
1409:To
1403:To
1393:To
1387:To
1382:).
1355:To
1348:To
1224:To
1209:To
1204:).
1089:vos
1083:Sie
1048:or
1003:man
998:sin
994:sig
968:one
789:in
492:IPA
140:by
3839::
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2211:,
2170:.
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2138:.
2127:23
2125:.
2121:.
2071:.
1999:^
1956:.
1876:.
1837:^
1820:.
1799:.
1777:.
1749:.
1724:.
1712:^
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1656:^
1622:.
1611:^
1594:.
1569:^
1559:.
1548:^
1538:.
1524:^
1509:^
1494:^
1445:.
1343:.
1236:.
1217:,
1102:.
1095:De
1052:.
989:se
983:on
915:.
897:–
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699:,
641:,
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2256:.
2197:.
2178:.
2156::
2082:.
1960:.
1941:.
1914:.
1887:.
1861:.
1803:.
1763:.
1734:.
1650:.
1635:.
1605:.
1563:.
1443:s
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437:)
433:(
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179:(
167:)
161:(
156:)
152:(
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105:)
101:(
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62:)
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