454:
2832:
1944:
2902:
4110:
3519:
2992:
2305:
4062:
3471:
2943:
2020:
2473:
1597:
93:
2512:
1649:
145:
502:
4278:
3687:
3160:
2188:
1957:
2681:
1831:
327:
3277:
2806:
490:
8273:
4254:
3663:
3136:
2164:
4242:
3651:
3124:
2152:
4206:
3615:
3088:
2266:
2116:
2655:
1805:
301:
466:
4338:
4074:
3747:
3483:
3220:
2955:
2293:
2224:
4326:
4302:
3735:
3711:
3208:
3184:
2212:
2200:
2642:
1792:
288:
4146:
3555:
3028:
2068:
7288:
4194:
4086:
3603:
3495:
3076:
2967:
2329:
2032:
950:
526:
478:
4314:
4134:
4122:
4050:
3723:
3543:
3531:
3459:
3196:
3016:
3004:
2931:
2746:
2486:
2353:
2317:
2056:
2008:
1896:
1610:
442:
392:
106:
2733:
2707:
1883:
1857:
379:
353:
2551:
1688:
184:
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4098:
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3112:
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2793:
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2499:
2140:
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1623:
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249:
236:
119:
4182:
3591:
3064:
2720:
2538:
2525:
2460:
2104:
1870:
1675:
1662:
1584:
570:
366:
171:
158:
80:
8261:
4587:
2876:
2629:
1779:
1636:
275:
132:
3290:
2819:
2590:
1727:
223:
4266:
4170:
3675:
3579:
3148:
3052:
2176:
2092:
55:
2668:
1818:
314:
4362:
3771:
3244:
2365:
1977:
4290:
3699:
3172:
2577:
2341:
1714:
210:
4158:
3567:
3040:
2080:
2436:
2772:
1922:
418:
4218:
3627:
3100:
2694:
2128:
1844:
340:
2564:
1701:
197:
4350:
3759:
3232:
2236:
2616:
1766:
262:
2759:
1909:
405:
3325:
4775:
The
Council can delegate legislative authority to the Commission and, depending on the area and the appropriate legislative procedure, both institutions can seek to make laws. There are Council directives and Commission directives. Article 288 does not clearly distinguish between legislative acts and
4800:
When adopted, directives give member states a timetable for the implementation of the intended outcome. Occasionally, the laws of a member state may already comply with this outcome, and the state involved would be required only to keep its laws in place. More commonly, member states are required to
4656:
to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals. A directive's goals have to be made the goals of one or more new or changed national laws by the member states before this legislation applies to individuals residing in the member states. Directives normally
4816:
If a Member State fails to implement a
Directive timely or correctly, the Directive itself becomes binding on the Member States, meaning that parties in proceedings against the state may rely on provisions of the untimely or incorrectly transposed Directive. An example of a case in which the
4805:) in order for the directive to be implemented correctly. This is done in approximately 99% of the cases. If a member state fails to pass the required national legislation, or if the national legislation does not adequately comply with the requirements of the directive, the
7227:
1397:
7212:
4694:; (ii) it acknowledges that different member States have different legal systems, legal traditions and legal processes; and (iii) each Member State has leeway to choose its own statutory wording, rather than accepting the Brussels' official "
6312:
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7153:
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582:
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to provide that Member States who failed to implement a directive could incur liability to pay damages to individuals and companies who had been adversely affected by such non-implementation.
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cover) could have been a regulation (without requiring member states to implement the directive), the desire for subsidiarity was paramount, so a directive was the chosen vehicle.
7945:
7091:
4844:, a major United Kingdom statute consolidating consumer rights, then abolished the 1999 SI; so presumably the 2015 Act complies with the 1993 EU directive, which remains extant.
6831:
1005:
962:
954:
7058:
8149:
7253:
8194:
6766:
5575:
4868:
4474:
8015:
7275:
8094:
4948:
7344:
7222:
6444:
6824:
6171:
1090:
458:
8293:
6649:
5684:
5057:
4624:
1045:
8154:
7716:
7492:
1050:
8124:
6483:
6331:
5481:
3313:
772:
4852:
Even though directives were not originally thought to be binding before they were implemented by member states, the
European Court of Justice developed the
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6161:
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7407:
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5547:
5240:
5235:
5230:
4837:
4829:
3837:
1161:
8169:
1259:
506:
7721:
6383:
6342:
6296:
4833:
1991:
1307:
5096:"National provisions communicated by the member states concerning Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts"
7895:
7497:
7317:
1199:
1121:
1015:
8179:
7268:
5679:
5185:
4718:
4468:
1436:
941:
8000:
7117:
8164:
7990:
7283:
5741:
5245:
4680:—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment and then subsequently for approval or rejection.
808:
494:
4657:
leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of
7950:
7184:
7131:
6125:
5594:
5433:
5428:
5423:
4617:
1254:
902:
8079:
7930:
6644:
6260:
5657:
4464:
3361:
1106:
1040:
1030:
560:
538:
432:
8298:
8020:
7261:
6454:
6166:
6140:
6039:
5537:
4989:
4813:. This may also happen when a member state has transposed a directive in theory but has failed to abide by its provisions in practice.
4722:
4486:
1169:
530:
482:
446:
8099:
8071:
6776:
5736:
5630:
3381:
1535:
1209:
1149:
887:
712:
574:
552:
518:
6572:
6567:
1522:
7935:
7920:
7679:
7508:
6493:
6415:
5250:
4449:
3958:
3376:
7242:
6665:
6520:
6434:
4610:
4419:
4114:
4002:
36:
7910:
7674:
7349:
7307:
7190:
6044:
5957:
5801:
5766:
5635:
5567:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5392:
5225:
4384:
4374:
1505:
1441:
1294:
1274:
1264:
1187:
1069:
988:
4995:. UK House of Commons Library, International Affairs and Defence Section. p. 8. Standard Note: SN/IA/3689. Archived from
4597:
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7334:
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6709:
6594:
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6291:
5640:
5562:
5532:
5383:
5041:
4911:
4509:
3902:
3877:
1493:
8220:
8005:
7444:
7031:
6634:
6589:
6503:
6051:
5731:
5645:
5625:
5542:
5302:
4658:
4514:
4459:
4434:
4414:
4409:
4379:
4282:
3865:
3619:
3346:
3339:
1097:
926:
919:
877:
670:
470:
5158:
7536:
7017:
6860:
6746:
6704:
6449:
6149:
6022:
5918:
5220:
5178:
5095:
4454:
4444:
4439:
4429:
4394:
4389:
3892:
1970:
1545:
1480:
8303:
7689:
6913:
6614:
6354:
6349:
6086:
5603:
5557:
5527:
5468:
5360:
5267:
5212:
5146:
4749:
4735:
4702:
4653:
4573:
4504:
4424:
4399:
4034:
4029:
3318:
717:
607:
68:
4975:"UK implementation of EU Directive 2009/20/EC on the insurance of ship-owners for maritime claims - Impact Assessment"
7975:
7915:
7854:
7746:
7551:
7322:
7166:
6751:
6639:
6366:
6317:
6066:
5980:
5952:
5714:
5410:
5307:
4906:
4551:
4404:
3909:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
1515:
1500:
1204:
1144:
1131:
1000:
855:
840:
597:
8025:
7829:
7754:
7086:
7068:
6992:
6359:
6115:
6056:
5975:
5862:
5806:
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5338:
4860:
where unimplemented or badly implemented directives can actually have direct legal force. In the important case of
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2901:
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1540:
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1417:
1302:
1111:
1025:
1010:
8109:
4745:
shall have general application. It shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
4690:
There are justifications for using a directive rather than a regulation: (i) it complies with the EU's desire for
7960:
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7704:
7456:
7422:
7161:
7137:
6699:
6604:
6584:
6322:
5522:
5510:
5418:
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4258:
3914:
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3523:
5486:
7905:
7885:
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7412:
7364:
7329:
6714:
6629:
6562:
6508:
6498:
6476:
6376:
6190:
6081:
6076:
6017:
5934:
5776:
5171:
4246:
1555:
1451:
1216:
1154:
726:
621:
45:
8144:
7995:
7970:
7859:
7633:
7081:
7042:
6919:
6889:
6791:
6724:
6694:
6557:
6530:
6371:
6098:
6032:
5985:
5885:
5674:
5667:
5203:
4677:
4342:
4330:
4306:
4078:
3810:
3800:
3356:
1376:
934:
587:
8040:
7849:
7809:
7804:
7659:
6955:
6907:
6895:
6552:
6439:
6398:
6110:
5890:
5375:
4318:
4210:
4198:
4174:
4150:
4138:
4126:
4090:
4066:
4054:
3941:
3860:
3855:
3691:
1363:
592:
17:
6275:
8055:
7799:
7779:
7434:
6877:
6719:
6624:
6403:
6061:
5365:
5320:
4891:
4836:. For reasons that are not clear, the 1994 SI was deemed inadequate and was repealed and replaced by the
4742:
4556:
4366:
4294:
4234:
4186:
4162:
4102:
3946:
3817:
2850:
2402:
2382:
776:
7228:
Rome
Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations
6816:
4701:
For example, while EU Directive 2009/20/EC (which simply requires all vessels visiting EU ports to have
8251:
8215:
8210:
7844:
7684:
7546:
6429:
6265:
5831:
4789:
4354:
4270:
4222:
3887:
1550:
1269:
1241:
1234:
8050:
8045:
7965:
7794:
7774:
7759:
7451:
7312:
7047:
6684:
6306:
6120:
5823:
5771:
5580:
5491:
4901:
4821:
case, in which the
European Court of Justice rendered a judgement on 6 June 2000 (case no. C-35/98).
4810:
4760:
3827:
1194:
1138:
850:
700:
7834:
7814:
7002:
6982:
6977:
6943:
6337:
5875:
5870:
5662:
5275:
4841:
4784:
Directives are binding only on the member states to whom they are addressed, which can be just one
3351:
1347:
1342:
872:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
7985:
7591:
7012:
6997:
6972:
6925:
6800:
6579:
6466:
5058:"Internal Market Scoreboard: best result ever – Member States reach new target ahead of deadline"
3897:
3667:
2855:
983:
978:
5012:
Both the
Council of Ministers and the Commission are empowered under the EC Treaty to make laws.
4996:
8189:
8114:
7606:
7556:
7482:
7007:
6987:
6689:
6535:
6424:
6393:
6327:
6270:
5701:
5280:
4568:
3936:
3872:
3655:
2916:
1976:
897:
794:
634:
453:
5147:
UK House of
Commons: Report of the EU Legislative Process and scrutiny by national parliaments
8265:
8233:
8104:
8010:
7900:
7611:
7581:
7576:
7561:
7237:
7052:
6937:
6847:
6805:
6410:
6230:
5796:
5352:
5109:
4638:
4591:
3953:
3919:
3751:
3739:
3715:
3487:
2397:
1287:
1074:
1054:
892:
7955:
7855:
Directive establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation
7824:
7531:
7519:
7461:
7430:
7102:
6609:
6215:
6205:
6071:
6007:
5895:
5438:
5290:
4825:
4545:
3985:
3965:
3795:
3727:
3607:
3583:
3559:
3547:
3535:
3499:
3475:
3463:
2427:
2412:
2407:
1389:
881:
4637:
This article is about directives for EU member-state legislation. Not to be confused with
8:
8084:
7871:
Directive on the
Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport
7819:
7649:
7541:
7392:
7382:
7354:
7097:
6771:
6599:
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6459:
6250:
6235:
5746:
5726:
5620:
5061:
4862:
4806:
4802:
4788:
or a group of them. In general, however, with the exception of directives related to the
4714:
4673:
4669:
4498:
4205:
3975:
3970:
3775:
3703:
3643:
3614:
3595:
3571:
3511:
3308:
3092:
3087:
2894:
2422:
2417:
2265:
2120:
2115:
1758:
1084:
1020:
865:
688:
676:
628:
254:
8129:
7940:
7925:
7839:
7731:
7654:
7601:
7586:
7293:
6901:
6619:
6220:
5999:
5913:
5325:
4896:
4817:
applicant was able to invoke the provisions of an untimely transposed
Directive is the
4563:
4494:
3980:
3788:
3763:
3679:
3631:
2435:
1485:
788:
640:
2845:
7769:
7710:
7669:
7571:
7487:
7387:
7076:
5552:
5037:
4932:
European Union law after
Maastricht: a practical guide for lawyers outside the common
3324:
1297:
682:
465:
5083:
5033:
4672:
after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the
7980:
7402:
7207:
7143:
6883:
6547:
6225:
5709:
2333:
833:
706:
5476:
1125:
7784:
7694:
7623:
7596:
7566:
7339:
7232:
6255:
3924:
3366:
2270:
1101:
501:
2345:
7764:
7699:
7617:
7397:
7372:
7287:
7107:
6851:
6240:
5194:
5126:
4974:
4936:
The Union has two primary types of legislative acts, directives and regulations
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4109:
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2991:
2517:
2304:
1962:
1654:
1312:
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658:
652:
150:
4738:
shall adopt regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and opinions.
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8139:
8089:
7890:
7377:
7217:
6301:
4857:
4016:
3282:
2811:
2450:
2369:
2297:
1115:
664:
5026:
8159:
8119:
7628:
5788:
5130:
4785:
3804:
2357:
2321:
2309:
1456:
Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
646:
5163:
8184:
6846:
5719:
5612:
4748:
A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each
4665:
4277:
3686:
3164:
3159:
2837:
2686:
2192:
2187:
1949:
1836:
332:
5125:: EU Treaties are capable of creating legal rights enforceable by both
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8238:
6210:
5811:
4253:
3662:
3140:
3135:
2660:
2168:
2163:
1810:
1317:
489:
306:
5084:
The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1994 – SI 1994/3159
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5758:
5689:
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4241:
3650:
3128:
3123:
2647:
2251:
2156:
2151:
1797:
993:
293:
8272:
4776:
administrative acts, as is normally done in national legal systems.
4763:
shall be binding in its entirety upon those to whom it is addressed.
6388:
6245:
6130:
5024:
Steiner, Josephine; Woods, Lorna; Twigg-Flesner, Christian (2006).
4990:"The European Union: a guide to terminology procedures and sources"
4881:
4853:
4337:
4325:
4301:
4073:
3746:
3734:
3710:
3482:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3207:
3188:
3183:
2959:
2954:
2751:
2738:
2712:
2491:
2292:
2228:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2204:
2199:
1998:
1901:
1888:
1862:
1615:
602:
397:
384:
358:
111:
8135:
Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor Amsterdam v Inspire Art Ltd
8075:
7881:
Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources
7524:
6154:
4886:
4313:
4193:
4169:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4085:
4061:
4049:
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3578:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3494:
3470:
3458:
3269:
3200:
3195:
3080:
3075:
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3027:
3020:
3015:
3008:
3003:
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2935:
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2798:
2725:
2608:
2582:
2556:
2543:
2530:
2504:
2478:
2465:
2352:
2328:
2316:
2096:
2091:
2072:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2019:
2012:
2007:
1875:
1745:
1719:
1693:
1680:
1667:
1628:
1602:
1589:
1398:
Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
949:
525:
477:
441:
371:
241:
215:
189:
176:
163:
124:
98:
85:
54:
7946:
Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions
7092:
Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions
4668:
process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the
5496:
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4479:
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1927:
1849:
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1732:
1706:
1641:
569:
547:
513:
423:
345:
280:
228:
202:
137:
8150:
Marleasing SA v La Comercial Internacional de Alimentacion SA
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4265:
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3758:
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3626:
3236:
3231:
3152:
3147:
3104:
3099:
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2673:
2621:
2240:
2235:
2180:
2175:
2132:
2127:
1914:
1823:
1771:
410:
319:
267:
7901:
Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rights
5152:
4475:
Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
8016:
European Directive on Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products
7906:
Directive 2004/38/EC on the right to move and reside freely
6135:
1265:
Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
7223:
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
5032:(9th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
4809:
may initiate legal action against the member state in the
4752:
to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national
6313:
European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters
5110:"The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999"
5023:
4527:
7717:
European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances
7059:
Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. v. Cadbury UK Limited
5303:
International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)
8249:
4949:"Treaties, regulations, directives and direct effect"
7876:
Directive on the re-use of public sector information
6932:
Directive on the re-use of public sector information
5361:
European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)
4801:
make changes to their laws (commonly referred to as
8036:
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive
6950:
Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market
5393:
European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–
5308:
European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
4838:
Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999
4830:
Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1994
8170:Peter Paul and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland
7866:Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications
5384:European Financial Stability Facility (2010–
5025:
4988:Christine Fretten; Vaughne Miller (21 July 2005).
4834:Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Directive 1993
4792:, directives are addressed to all member states.
4664:The text of a draft directive (if subject to the
8285:
7896:Directive on the energy performance of buildings
1260:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
8294:Intellectual property law of the European Union
8180:Ralf Sieckmann v Deutsches Patent und Markenamt
6757:Largest cities by population within city limits
4719:Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
1437:European Institute of Innovation and Technology
539:Countries with suspended accession negotiations
8165:Palacios de la Villa v Cortefiel Servicios SA
7991:Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive
7269:
7191:German Law on the Protection of Trade Secrets
6832:
5366:European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)
5321:European Economic Community (1958–1993)
5179:
4618:
8001:Directive on services in the internal market
7951:Directive on the legal protection of designs
7185:Directive on the Protection of Trade Secrets
7132:Directive on the legal protection of designs
5339:European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)
8080:Allonby v Accrington and Rossendale College
7931:Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
7850:Directive 2000/43/EC on Anti-discrimination
7825:Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC)
5193:
3362:Political groups of the European Parliament
1433:Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
7956:Markets in Financial Instruments Directive
7276:
7262:
6839:
6825:
6040:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
5186:
5172:
5017:
4625:
4611:
4981:
4771:and opinions shall have no binding force.
4734:To exercise the Union's competences, the
1536:Publications Office of the European Union
7936:Internal Market in Electricity Directive
7921:European units of measurement directives
7810:Copyright Duration Directive (93/98/EEC)
7680:Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1170/2011
6494:European Structural and Investment Funds
6416:European System of Financial Supervision
5281:Western European Union (1954–2011)
3959:European System of Financial Supervision
1255:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
8100:Chacón Navas v Eurest Colectividades SA
7294:Judiciary and law of the European Union
7243:WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
4465:United Kingdom–European Union relations
2390:Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
14:
8286:
7815:Copyright Term Directive (2006/116/EC)
7722:Commission Regulation (EC) No 474/2006
7675:Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2257/94
7308:Court of Justice of the European Union
5958:European Economic and Social Committee
5767:Court of Justice of the European Union
5291:European Communities (1967–2009)
4487:United States–European Union relations
1506:European Economic and Social Committee
8031:Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive
8021:Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
7737:Rule of Law Conditionality Regulation
7655:Council Regulation (EC) No. 1348/2000
7650:Council Regulation (EC) No. 1206/2001
7257:
6820:
6595:Stabilisation and Association Process
6292:Area of freedom, security and justice
5167:
4912:Policy measures of the European Union
4510:European Union and the United Nations
4042:Foreign relations of EU member states
27:Legislative act of the European Union
8221:Accountability in the European Union
6590:European Union Association Agreement
5326:European Community (1993–2009)
5153:EUR-Lex, European Union Law database
4866:, the ECJ extended the principle of
4717:of directives is Article 288 of the
4515:European Union Association Agreement
4450:Switzerland–European Union relations
3347:Elections to the European Parliament
8006:Temporary and Agency Work Directive
7493:Commission and Council acting alone
5919:European Data Protection Supervisor
5221:Ideas of European unity before 1948
4661:depending on their subject matter.
4420:Kazakhstan–European Union relations
1971:Nuclear power in the European Union
1546:European Personnel Selection Office
1481:European Data Protection Supervisor
1442:European Public Prosecutor's Office
24:
6914:Electronic Commerce Directive 2000
6615:EU Strategy for the South Caucasus
6355:Common Security and Defence Policy
6350:Common Foreign and Security Policy
4574:Convention on the Future of Europe
4505:Microstates and the European Union
4385:Australia–European Union relations
4375:Argentina–European Union relations
3323:
3319:Microstates and the European Union
2900:
2868:Non-Schengen area EU member states
2434:
1975:
608:Withdrawal from the European Union
25:
8315:
8299:European Union constitutional law
7916:European SEA Directive 2001/42/EC
7911:Environmental liability directive
7167:Traditional speciality guaranteed
6384:Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
5981:European Union Military Committee
5953:European Committee of the Regions
5140:
4907:List of European Union directives
4795:
4552:European Coal and Steel Community
1516:European Union Military Committee
1501:European Committee of the Regions
1404:Decentralised agencies of the EU
1132:Member of the European Parliament
803:Abandoned treaties and agreements
8271:
8259:
7830:Dangerous Preparations Directive
7755:Good Clinical Practice Directive
7286:
6360:Permanent Structured Cooperation
5976:Political and Security Committee
5863:European Atomic Energy Community
4847:
4756:the choice of form and methods.
4683:
4585:
4460:Ukraine–European Union relations
4435:Moldova–European Union relations
4415:Iceland–European Union relations
4410:Georgia–European Union relations
4380:Armenia–European Union relations
4360:
4348:
4336:
4324:
4312:
4300:
4288:
4276:
4264:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4096:
4084:
4072:
4060:
4048:
3769:
3757:
3745:
3733:
3721:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3673:
3661:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3565:
3553:
3541:
3529:
3517:
3505:
3493:
3481:
3469:
3457:
3288:
3275:
3262:
3242:
3230:
3218:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3110:
3098:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2978:
2965:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2887:
2874:
2861:Visa policy of the Schengen Area
2830:
2817:
2804:
2791:
2770:
2757:
2744:
2731:
2718:
2705:
2692:
2679:
2666:
2653:
2640:
2627:
2614:
2601:
2588:
2575:
2562:
2549:
2536:
2523:
2510:
2497:
2484:
2471:
2458:
2363:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2264:
2234:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2018:
2006:
1955:
1942:
1920:
1907:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1855:
1842:
1829:
1816:
1803:
1790:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1634:
1621:
1608:
1595:
1582:
1541:European External Action Service
1511:Political and Security Committee
1418:European Supervisory Authorities
948:
795:European Economic Area Agreement
568:
546:
524:
512:
500:
488:
476:
464:
452:
440:
416:
403:
390:
377:
364:
351:
338:
325:
312:
299:
286:
273:
260:
247:
234:
221:
208:
195:
182:
169:
156:
143:
130:
117:
104:
91:
78:
53:
7961:Measuring Instruments Directive
7790:Capital Requirements Directives
7705:Regulation on Community designs
7162:Protected designation of origin
7138:Regulation on Community designs
6762:National parties by affiliation
6605:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
6585:Economic Partnership Agreements
5276:Western Union (1948–1954)
5133:in the courts of Member States.
5116:
4779:
4455:Turkey–European Union relations
4445:Russia–European Union relations
4440:Norway–European Union relations
4430:Mexico–European Union relations
4395:Canada–European Union relations
4390:Brazil–European Union relations
3915:Passports of the European Union
2905:Schengen Area from January 2023
8175:Procureur du Roi v Dassonville
7886:End of Life Vehicles Directive
7478:Ordinary legislative procedure
6767:Presidents of the institutions
6563:European Higher Education Area
6141:International status and usage
5935:Agencies of the European Union
5668:European political foundations
5102:
5088:
5076:
5050:
4967:
4941:
4924:
4708:
4425:Japan–European Union relations
4400:China–European Union relations
1556:European Administrative School
1452:European Data Protection Board
1337:European Investment Bank Group
46:Politics of the European Union
13:
1:
8145:Microsoft Corp. v. Commission
7996:Satellite and Cable Directive
7860:Information Society Directive
7690:Regulation on roaming charges
7408:Charter of Fundamental Rights
6920:Information Society Directive
6890:Satellite and Cable Directive
6558:European Common Aviation Area
6013:Charter of Fundamental Rights
5986:European Union Military Staff
5886:European University Institute
5675:Council of the European Union
4917:
4405:European Union–NATO relations
3451:Elections in EU member states
3382:Referendums related to the EU
1377:European University Institute
1371:European University Institute
598:Germany–Netherlands relations
8041:Waste Incineration Directive
7976:Pressure Equipment Directive
7805:Conditional Access Directive
7660:Customs Regulation 1383/2003
7597:Principle of legal certainty
6956:Customs Regulation 1383/2003
6908:Conditional Access Directive
6896:Copyright Duration Directive
6553:European Political Community
6399:European Banking Supervision
5891:European Stability Mechanism
4824:The United Kingdom passed a
3942:European Banking Supervision
1980:Euratom since 1 January 2021
1427:Executive agencies of the EU
1364:European Stability Mechanism
1358:European Stability Mechanism
7:
8026:Universal Service Directive
7862:(first Copyright directive)
7800:Computer Programs Directive
7780:Biocidal Products Directive
7665:Regulation (EC) No 261/2004
6878:Computer Programs Directive
6625:Union for the Mediterranean
6404:Single Resolution Mechanism
6343:Vehicle registration plates
6297:Migration and asylum policy
6276:Potential superpower status
4875:
4557:European Economic Community
3947:Single Resolution Mechanism
3314:EEA National Identity cards
2851:Schengen Information System
2383:Enlargement of the eurozone
1992:Economic and Monetary Union
1448:Corporate bodies of the EU
1066:Council preparatory bodies
815:UK membership renegotiation
10:
8320:
8216:European Anti-Fraud Office
7685:Customs Regulation 3295/94
7547:European Enforcement Order
6848:Intellectual property laws
6568:EU/ESA Framework Agreement
6266:Differentiated integration
5832:European Court of Auditors
5663:European political parties
4955:. University of Portsmouth
4790:Common Agricultural Policy
4636:
1530:Inter-institutional bodies
1275:Public Prosecutor's Office
1242:European Court of Auditors
1235:European Court of Auditors
1188:Court of Justice of the EU
8304:European Union directives
8229:
8203:
8064:
8051:Water Framework Directive
8046:Waste framework directive
7966:Medical Devices Directive
7795:Clinical Trials Directive
7775:Best available technology
7760:Data Protection Directive
7745:
7642:
7506:
7470:
7421:
7363:
7313:European Court of Justice
7300:
7200:
7175:
7152:
7116:
7067:
7048:European Union trade mark
7030:
6965:
6868:
6859:
6785:
6737:
6685:House of European History
6673:
6664:
6519:
6307:European Judicial Network
6284:
6198:
6189:
6177:Health expense per person
6106:
6097:
5998:
5966:
5943:
5927:
5904:
5851:
5824:Supreme audit institution
5822:
5787:
5757:
5700:
5611:
5602:
5593:
5518:
5509:
5467:
5409:
5374:
5351:
5334:
5316:
5298:
5289:
5266:
5259:
5211:
5202:
5159:EU Legislative Procedures
4902:Law of the European Union
4892:European Union regulation
4811:European Court of Justice
4592:European Union portal
1195:European Court of Justice
622:Treaties and Declarations
588:Belgium–Germany relations
7971:Posted Workers Directive
7835:Data Retention Directive
7154:Geographical indications
6944:Copyright Term Directive
5876:European Investment Fund
5871:European Investment Bank
4842:Consumer Rights Act 2015
4713:The legal basis for the
1475:Other independent bodies
920:Legislative institutions
893:College of Commissioners
873:Von der Leyen Commission
593:France–Germany relations
35:This article is part of
7986:Resale Rights Directive
7592:Precautionary principle
7498:Commission acting alone
6926:Resale Rights Directive
6580:European Peace Facility
5807:System of Central Banks
2856:Visa Information System
2284:Other currencies in use
1075:Council Working Parties
8190:Van Duyn v Home Office
8115:Coleman v Attridge Law
8056:Working Time Directive
7607:Principle of conferral
7483:Consultation procedure
7345:Relationship with ECHR
7335:Civil Service Tribunal
6690:2012 Nobel Peace Prize
6536:European Economic Area
6394:European banking union
6271:Privileged partnership
6126:Government procurement
4832:, to implement the EU
4773:
4721:(formerly Article 249
4659:legislative procedures
4648:is a legal act of the
4639:negotiating directives
4569:Western European Union
3937:European banking union
3873:European Single Market
3442:2024 (latest election)
3329:
3328:European Economic Area
2917:European Economic Area
2906:
2440:
1981:
1407:Single market agencies
828:Executive institutions
768:Treaties of succession
459:Bosnia and Herzegovina
8234:European Union portal
8011:Trade Marks Directive
7582:Maximum harmonisation
7577:Minimum harmonisation
7562:Home state regulation
7238:WIPO Copyright Treaty
7053:Trade Marks Directive
6938:Enforcement Directive
6635:Free trade agreements
6477:Health Insurance Card
6411:Capital Markets Union
6261:Democratic legitimacy
6231:Optimum currency area
6052:Legislative procedure
5797:European Central Bank
4727:
4641:in EU foreign policy.
3954:Capital Markets Union
3866:Free Trade Agreements
3327:
2904:
2438:
1979:
1288:European Central Bank
1249:Other auditory bodies
1229:Auditory institutions
1182:Judicial institutions
927:Legislative procedure
809:European Constitution
733:Treaties of accession
7532:Direct applicability
7520:Acquis communautaire
7462:Digital Services Act
7103:Unified Patent Court
6747:Books on the subject
6610:EU Gateway Programme
6573:EU/ESA Space Council
6531:Neighbourhood Policy
6489:Regional development
6455:Environmental policy
6445:Educational policies
6372:Neighbourhood Policy
6216:Intergovernmentalism
6206:European integration
6121:Community preference
6072:Enhanced cooperation
6057:Citizens' Initiative
5896:Unified Patent Court
5747:Directorates-General
5538:Environmental issues
4826:statutory instrument
4546:European Communities
3986:Enhanced cooperation
3357:European foundations
2974:(provisional member)
1523:EU/ESA Space Council
1390:Unified Patent Court
1384:Unified Patent Court
1170:National parliaments
1060:Directorates-general
8085:Apostolides v Orams
7820:Cosmetics Directive
7542:European labour law
7445:Framework Directive
7383:Single European Act
7355:European civil code
7098:European patent law
6772:Terrorist incidents
6600:Eastern Partnership
6541:EEA Joint Committee
6460:European Green Deal
6430:Agricultural policy
6236:Supranational union
5727:European Commission
5685:General Secretariat
5621:European Parliament
5576:Special territories
5376:Financial stability
4863:Francovich v. Italy
4807:European Commission
4025:Ext. Action Service
4010:High Representative
3976:European Federation
3850:Policies and issues
3309:EEA Joint Committee
2439:Eurozone since 2015
1461:Joint undertakings
1085:European Parliament
866:European Commission
689:Treaty of Amsterdam
677:Single European Act
629:Schuman Declaration
583:Special territories
561:Applicant countries
433:Candidate countries
7941:Landfill Directive
7926:Habitats Directive
7840:Database Directive
7732:Rome II Regulation
7587:Preliminary ruling
6902:Database Directive
6620:Northern Dimension
6367:Enlargement Policy
6309:(criminal matters)
6221:Multi-speed Europe
5914:European Ombudsman
5570:(first-level NUTS)
5553:Larger urban zones
4897:Framework decision
4564:European Community
4495:Common Travel Area
3981:Multi-speed Europe
3838:Fundamental Rights
3389:European elections
3330:
2907:
2441:
1982:
1486:European Ombudsman
963:July–December 2024
789:Schengen Agreement
701:Berlin Declaration
671:Solemn Declaration
641:Europe Declaration
8247:
8246:
8211:Court of Auditors
7770:Battery Directive
7711:Societas Europaea
7670:EU-Eco-regulation
7572:Incidental effect
7488:Consent procedure
7388:Maastricht Treaty
7350:Public Prosecutor
7323:Advocates General
7251:
7250:
7026:
7025:
6814:
6813:
6733:
6732:
6720:Telephone numbers
6660:
6659:
6435:Cultural policies
6185:
6184:
6172:Unemployment rate
5994:
5993:
5854:international-law
5847:
5846:
5837:Secretary-General
5589:
5588:
5548:Geographic centre
5505:
5504:
5405:
5404:
5347:
5346:
5043:978-0-19-927959-3
4635:
4634:
4003:Foreign relations
1936:Associated states
1551:Anti-Fraud Office
1270:Anti-Fraud Office
1205:Advocates General
1051:Secretary-General
935:Council of the EU
903:Secretary-General
683:Maastricht Treaty
16:(Redirected from
8311:
8276:
8275:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8255:
8195:Van Gend en Loos
7981:Rental Directive
7393:Amsterdam Treaty
7292:
7291:
7290:
7278:
7271:
7264:
7255:
7254:
7213:Lisbon Agreement
7208:Berne Convention
7144:Community design
6884:Rental Directive
6866:
6865:
6841:
6834:
6827:
6818:
6817:
6794:
6671:
6670:
6548:Energy Community
6467:Fisheries policy
6226:Neofunctionalism
6196:
6195:
6104:
6103:
6046:Official Journal
6033:Citizens' Rights
5772:Court of Justice
5710:European Council
5658:Political groups
5609:
5608:
5600:
5599:
5571:
5516:
5515:
5296:
5295:
5264:
5263:
5209:
5208:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5165:
5164:
5134:
5123:Van Gend en Loos
5120:
5114:
5113:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5092:
5086:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5031:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5007:
5001:
4994:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4953:European Studies
4945:
4939:
4938:
4928:
4869:Van Gend en Loos
4698:" terminology.
4627:
4620:
4613:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4365:
4364:
4353:
4352:
4341:
4340:
4329:
4328:
4317:
4316:
4305:
4304:
4293:
4292:
4281:
4280:
4269:
4268:
4257:
4256:
4245:
4244:
4233:
4232:
4221:
4220:
4209:
4208:
4197:
4196:
4185:
4184:
4173:
4172:
4161:
4160:
4149:
4148:
4137:
4136:
4125:
4124:
4113:
4112:
4101:
4100:
4089:
4088:
4077:
4076:
4065:
4064:
4053:
4052:
3971:Supranationalism
3878:Area of FS&J
3774:
3773:
3762:
3761:
3750:
3749:
3738:
3737:
3726:
3725:
3714:
3713:
3702:
3701:
3690:
3689:
3678:
3677:
3666:
3665:
3654:
3653:
3642:
3641:
3630:
3629:
3618:
3617:
3606:
3605:
3594:
3593:
3582:
3581:
3570:
3569:
3558:
3557:
3546:
3545:
3534:
3533:
3522:
3521:
3510:
3509:
3498:
3497:
3486:
3485:
3474:
3473:
3462:
3461:
3352:European parties
3293:
3292:
3291:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3247:
3246:
3235:
3234:
3223:
3222:
3211:
3210:
3199:
3198:
3187:
3186:
3175:
3174:
3163:
3162:
3151:
3150:
3139:
3138:
3127:
3126:
3115:
3114:
3103:
3102:
3091:
3090:
3079:
3078:
3067:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3043:
3042:
3031:
3030:
3019:
3018:
3007:
3006:
2995:
2994:
2983:
2982:
2970:
2969:
2958:
2957:
2946:
2945:
2934:
2933:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2355:
2344:
2343:
2334:Hungarian forint
2332:
2331:
2320:
2319:
2308:
2307:
2296:
2295:
2269:
2268:
2239:
2238:
2227:
2226:
2215:
2214:
2203:
2202:
2191:
2190:
2179:
2178:
2167:
2166:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2142:
2131:
2130:
2119:
2118:
2107:
2106:
2095:
2094:
2083:
2082:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2058:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2022:
2011:
2010:
1999:Eurozone members
1960:
1959:
1958:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1430:Euratom agencies
1055:Thérèse Blanchet
953:
952:
856:List of meetings
834:European Council
707:Treaty of Lisbon
573:
572:
551:
550:
529:
528:
517:
516:
505:
504:
493:
492:
481:
480:
469:
468:
457:
456:
445:
444:
421:
420:
419:
408:
407:
406:
395:
394:
393:
382:
381:
380:
369:
368:
367:
356:
355:
354:
343:
342:
341:
330:
329:
328:
317:
316:
315:
304:
303:
302:
291:
290:
289:
278:
277:
276:
265:
264:
263:
252:
251:
250:
239:
238:
237:
226:
225:
224:
213:
212:
211:
200:
199:
198:
187:
186:
185:
174:
173:
172:
161:
160:
159:
148:
147:
146:
135:
134:
133:
122:
121:
120:
109:
108:
107:
96:
95:
94:
83:
82:
81:
57:
32:
31:
21:
8319:
8318:
8314:
8313:
8312:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8284:
8283:
8282:
8270:
8260:
8258:
8250:
8248:
8243:
8225:
8199:
8095:Cassis de Dijon
8060:
7785:Birds Directive
7741:
7695:Brussels Regime
7638:
7624:State liability
7612:Proportionality
7567:Indirect effect
7513:
7511:
7502:
7466:
7417:
7359:
7340:European lawyer
7296:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7252:
7247:
7233:TRIPS Agreement
7196:
7171:
7148:
7126:Hague Agreement
7112:
7082:The Netherlands
7063:
7022:
6961:
6855:
6845:
6815:
6810:
6797:
6790:
6781:
6729:
6710:Public holidays
6656:
6630:Global Strategy
6522:
6515:
6484:Labour mobility
6377:Global Strategy
6338:Driving licence
6280:
6256:Pro-Europeanism
6181:
6093:
6018:Competition law
5990:
5968:
5962:
5945:
5939:
5923:
5906:
5900:
5855:
5853:
5843:
5818:
5783:
5753:
5737:Vice-Presidents
5696:
5631:Vice-Presidents
5585:
5569:
5563:Protected areas
5533:External border
5501:
5463:
5401:
5370:
5343:
5330:
5312:
5285:
5255:
5246:1993–2004
5241:1973–1993
5236:1958–1972
5231:1948–1957
5198:
5192:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5121:
5117:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5081:
5077:
5067:
5065:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5044:
5022:
5018:
5005:
5003:
5002:on 12 June 2010
4999:
4992:
4986:
4982:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4958:
4956:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4878:
4850:
4798:
4782:
4769:Recommendations
4711:
4686:
4642:
4631:
4602:
4598:Other countries
4586:
4584:
4579:
4578:
4541:
4533:
4532:
4519:
4491:
4371:
4359:
4347:
4335:
4323:
4311:
4299:
4287:
4275:
4263:
4251:
4239:
4227:
4215:
4203:
4191:
4179:
4167:
4155:
4143:
4131:
4119:
4107:
4095:
4083:
4071:
4059:
4047:
4044:
4039:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3995:
3994:
3925:Pro-Europeanism
3851:
3843:
3842:
3791:
3781:
3780:
3768:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3696:
3684:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3636:
3624:
3612:
3600:
3588:
3576:
3564:
3552:
3540:
3528:
3516:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3468:
3456:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3391:
3386:
3367:Spitzenkandidat
3342:
3332:
3331:
3305:
3300:
3289:
3287:
3276:
3274:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3133:
3121:
3109:
3097:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2925:
2919:
2909:
2908:
2888:
2886:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2846:Prüm Convention
2842:
2831:
2829:
2818:
2816:
2805:
2803:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2771:
2769:
2758:
2756:
2745:
2743:
2732:
2730:
2719:
2717:
2706:
2704:
2693:
2691:
2680:
2678:
2667:
2665:
2654:
2652:
2641:
2639:
2628:
2626:
2615:
2613:
2602:
2600:
2589:
2587:
2576:
2574:
2563:
2561:
2550:
2548:
2537:
2535:
2524:
2522:
2511:
2509:
2498:
2496:
2485:
2483:
2472:
2470:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2392:
2387:
2374:
2362:
2350:
2338:
2326:
2314:
2302:
2290:
2287:
2280:
2278:
2271:Paschal Donohoe
2263:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2161:
2149:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2017:
2005:
2002:
1994:
1984:
1983:
1967:
1956:
1954:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1919:
1908:
1906:
1895:
1893:
1882:
1880:
1869:
1867:
1856:
1854:
1843:
1841:
1830:
1828:
1817:
1815:
1804:
1802:
1791:
1789:
1778:
1776:
1765:
1763:
1752:
1750:
1739:
1737:
1726:
1724:
1713:
1711:
1700:
1698:
1687:
1685:
1674:
1672:
1661:
1659:
1648:
1646:
1635:
1633:
1622:
1620:
1609:
1607:
1596:
1594:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1575:Euratom members
1571:
1561:
1560:
1532:
1527:
1497:
1494:Advisory bodies
1490:
1477:
1472:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1355:
1348:Investment Fund
1343:Investment Bank
1339:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1290:
1280:
1279:
1251:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1150:Vice Presidents
1094:
1088:
1081:
1037:
1036:
1035:
973:
968:
967:
966:
959:
947:
945:
938:
931:
922:
912:
911:
888:Vice Presidents
869:
862:
837:
829:
821:
820:
805:
800:
785:
780:
779:
770:
765:
764:
735:
730:
729:
724:
635:Treaty of Paris
624:
614:
613:
612:
579:
567:
564:
557:
545:
542:
535:
523:
511:
507:North Macedonia
499:
487:
475:
463:
451:
439:
436:
429:
428:
417:
415:
404:
402:
391:
389:
378:
376:
365:
363:
352:
350:
339:
337:
326:
324:
313:
311:
300:
298:
287:
285:
274:
272:
261:
259:
248:
246:
235:
233:
222:
220:
209:
207:
196:
194:
183:
181:
170:
168:
157:
155:
144:
142:
131:
129:
118:
116:
105:
103:
92:
90:
79:
77:
72:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8317:
8307:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8281:
8280:
8268:
8266:European Union
8245:
8244:
8242:
8241:
8236:
8230:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8207:
8205:
8201:
8200:
8198:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8068:
8066:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7845:Database right
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7765:ATEX directive
7762:
7757:
7751:
7749:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7707:
7702:
7700:CLP Regulation
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7646:
7644:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7618:Staatenverbund
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7528:
7527:
7516:
7514:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7474:
7472:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7464:
7459:
7457:Recommendation
7454:
7449:
7448:
7447:
7437:
7427:
7425:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7369:
7367:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7326:
7325:
7320:
7310:
7304:
7302:
7298:
7297:
7281:
7280:
7273:
7266:
7258:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7204:
7202:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7188:
7181:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7164:
7158:
7156:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7141:
7135:
7129:
7122:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7108:Unitary patent
7105:
7100:
7095:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7073:
7071:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7061:
7056:
7050:
7045:
7043:United Kingdom
7040:
7036:
7034:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7018:United Kingdom
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6959:
6953:
6947:
6941:
6935:
6929:
6923:
6917:
6911:
6905:
6899:
6893:
6887:
6881:
6874:
6872:
6863:
6857:
6856:
6852:European Union
6844:
6843:
6836:
6829:
6821:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6808:
6803:
6796:
6795:
6787:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6743:
6741:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6695:Laissez-passer
6692:
6687:
6682:
6674:
6668:
6662:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6647:
6645:Current agenda
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6533:
6527:
6525:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6511:
6506:
6504:Sport policies
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6469:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6401:
6391:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6363:
6362:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6304:
6299:
6288:
6286:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6251:Federalisation
6248:
6243:
6241:Euroscepticism
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6202:
6200:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6042:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6004:
6002:
5996:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5972:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5949:
5947:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5916:
5910:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5878:
5873:
5865:
5859:
5857:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5828:
5826:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5793:
5791:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5763:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5706:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5651:Constituencies
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5617:
5615:
5606:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5543:Extreme points
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5390:
5380:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5268:Defence policy
5261:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5217:
5215:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197: articles
5195:European Union
5191:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5142:
5141:External links
5139:
5136:
5135:
5115:
5101:
5087:
5075:
5049:
5042:
5016:
4980:
4966:
4940:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4877:
4874:
4849:
4846:
4797:
4796:Implementation
4794:
4781:
4778:
4710:
4707:
4692:"subsidiarity"
4685:
4682:
4652:that requires
4650:European Union
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4594:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4542:
4540:Defunct bodies
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4370:
4369:
4357:
4345:
4333:
4321:
4309:
4297:
4285:
4273:
4261:
4249:
4237:
4225:
4213:
4201:
4189:
4177:
4165:
4153:
4141:
4129:
4117:
4115:Czech Republic
4105:
4093:
4081:
4069:
4057:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4035:Defence Policy
4032:
4030:Foreign Policy
4027:
4020:
4019:
4007:
4006:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3978:
3973:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3930:Euroscepticism
3927:
3922:
3917:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3833:Recommendation
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3766:
3754:
3742:
3730:
3718:
3706:
3694:
3682:
3670:
3658:
3646:
3634:
3622:
3610:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3562:
3550:
3538:
3526:
3524:Czech Republic
3514:
3502:
3490:
3478:
3466:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:Constituencies
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3285:
3272:
3256:Non-EU members
3254:
3252:
3251:
3239:
3227:
3215:
3203:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3155:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3107:
3095:
3083:
3071:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2997:Czech Republic
2987:
2975:
2962:
2950:
2938:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2899:
2898:
2884:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2840:
2827:
2814:
2801:
2785:Non-EU members
2783:
2781:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2741:
2728:
2715:
2702:
2689:
2676:
2663:
2650:
2637:
2624:
2611:
2598:
2585:
2572:
2559:
2546:
2533:
2520:
2518:Czech Republic
2507:
2494:
2481:
2468:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2300:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2135:
2123:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2051:
2039:
2027:
2015:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1965:
1963:United Kingdom
1952:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1774:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1722:
1709:
1696:
1683:
1670:
1657:
1655:Czech Republic
1644:
1631:
1618:
1605:
1592:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1508:
1503:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:of the Euratom
1465:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1313:Euro banknotes
1310:
1305:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1119:
1107:Largest groups
1104:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
997:
996:
986:
981:
975:
974:
971:Configurations
969:
960:
946:
939:
932:
930:
929:
923:
918:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
900:
895:
890:
885:
875:
863:
861:
860:
859:
858:
853:
831:
830:
827:
826:
823:
822:
819:
818:
812:
801:
799:
798:
792:
783:Other treaties
781:
771:
766:
736:
731:
725:
723:
722:
721:
720:
715:
704:
698:
695:Treaty of Nice
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
659:Euratom Treaty
656:
653:Treaty of Rome
650:
644:
638:
632:
625:
620:
619:
616:
615:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
578:
577:
558:
556:
555:
536:
534:
533:
521:
509:
497:
485:
473:
461:
449:
430:
427:
426:
413:
400:
387:
374:
361:
348:
335:
322:
309:
296:
283:
270:
257:
244:
231:
218:
205:
192:
179:
166:
153:
151:Czech Republic
140:
127:
114:
101:
88:
74:
73:
67:
66:
63:
62:
59:
58:
50:
49:
44:
41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8316:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8291:
8289:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8267:
8257:
8256:
8253:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8231:
8228:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8202:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8077:
8073:
8070:
8069:
8067:
8063:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7891:CHP Directive
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7748:
7744:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7712:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7641:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7619:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7557:Four freedoms
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7537:Direct effect
7535:
7533:
7530:
7526:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7446:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7424:
7420:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7403:Lisbon Treaty
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7378:Merger Treaty
7376:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7362:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7330:General Court
7328:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7289:
7279:
7274:
7272:
7267:
7265:
7260:
7259:
7256:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7218:Madrid system
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7199:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7177:Trade secrets
7174:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7145:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7130:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7070:
7066:
7060:
7057:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7029:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6966:National laws
6964:
6957:
6954:
6951:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6933:
6930:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6897:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6853:
6849:
6842:
6837:
6835:
6830:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6819:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6793:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6740:
6736:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6705:Media freedom
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6675:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6524:
6518:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6450:Energy policy
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6440:Customs Union
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6425:Single market
6423:
6417:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6409:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6329:
6328:identity card
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6302:Schengen Area
6300:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6023:Copyright law
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5965:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5880:EIB Institute
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5850:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5778:
5777:General Court
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5756:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5742:Commissioners
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5558:Member states
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5398:
5396:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5196:
5189:
5184:
5182:
5177:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5132:
5131:legal persons
5128:
5124:
5119:
5111:
5105:
5097:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5064:. 9 July 2008
5063:
5059:
5053:
5045:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5020:
5013:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4976:
4970:
4954:
4950:
4944:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4923:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4858:direct effect
4855:
4848:Direct effect
4845:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4803:transposition
4793:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4706:
4704:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4684:Justification
4681:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4655:
4654:member states
4651:
4647:
4640:
4628:
4623:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4017:Josep Borrell
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3861:Customs Union
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3805:ECJ Case 6/64
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:Apportionment
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3297:
3286:
3284:
3283:Liechtenstein
3273:
3271:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2903:
2896:
2885:
2883:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2828:
2826:
2815:
2813:
2812:Liechtenstein
2802:
2800:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2779:
2768:
2766:
2755:
2753:
2742:
2740:
2729:
2727:
2716:
2714:
2703:
2701:
2690:
2688:
2677:
2675:
2664:
2662:
2651:
2649:
2638:
2636:
2625:
2623:
2612:
2610:
2599:
2597:
2586:
2584:
2573:
2571:
2560:
2558:
2547:
2545:
2534:
2532:
2521:
2519:
2508:
2506:
2495:
2493:
2482:
2480:
2469:
2467:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:Schengen Area
2447:
2446:
2437:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:Swedish krona
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2298:Bulgarian lev
2294:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1953:
1951:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1918:
1916:
1905:
1903:
1892:
1890:
1879:
1877:
1866:
1864:
1853:
1851:
1840:
1838:
1827:
1825:
1814:
1812:
1801:
1799:
1788:
1786:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1760:
1749:
1747:
1736:
1734:
1723:
1721:
1710:
1708:
1697:
1695:
1684:
1682:
1671:
1669:
1658:
1656:
1645:
1643:
1632:
1630:
1619:
1617:
1606:
1604:
1593:
1591:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1413:AFSC agencies
1412:
1410:CFSP agencies
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1352:EIB Institute
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1217:General Court
1215:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1126:Iratxe García
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:Manfred Weber
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
972:
964:
958:
957:
951:
944:
943:
937:
936:
928:
925:
924:
921:
916:
915:
908:
904:
901:
899:
898:Civil Service
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
883:
882:Von der Leyen
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
867:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
846:
842:
839:
838:
836:
835:
825:
824:
816:
813:
810:
807:
806:
804:
796:
793:
790:
787:
786:
784:
778:
774:
769:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
728:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
665:Merger Treaty
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
626:
623:
618:
617:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
576:
571:
566:
565:
563:
562:
554:
549:
544:
543:
541:
540:
532:
527:
522:
520:
515:
510:
508:
503:
498:
496:
491:
486:
484:
479:
474:
472:
467:
462:
460:
455:
450:
448:
443:
438:
437:
435:
434:
425:
414:
412:
401:
399:
388:
386:
375:
373:
362:
360:
349:
347:
336:
334:
323:
321:
310:
308:
297:
295:
284:
282:
271:
269:
258:
256:
245:
243:
232:
230:
219:
217:
206:
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193:
191:
180:
178:
167:
165:
154:
152:
141:
139:
128:
126:
115:
113:
102:
100:
89:
87:
76:
75:
70:
69:Member states
65:
64:
61:
60:
56:
52:
51:
47:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
8120:Costa v ENEL
8110:Ciarán Tobin
7709:
7629:Subsidiarity
7616:
7552:Gold-plating
7439:
6869:
6677:
6499:Space policy
6167:Average wage
6162:Minimum wage
6045:
6027:
5789:Central bank
5604:Institutions
5528:Demographics
5411:Enlargements
5394:
5385:
5353:Central bank
5260:Predecessors
5122:
5118:
5104:
5090:
5078:
5066:. Retrieved
5052:
5027:
5019:
5011:
5004:. Retrieved
4997:the original
4983:
4969:
4957:. Retrieved
4952:
4943:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4867:
4861:
4851:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4799:
4786:member state
4783:
4780:Legal effect
4774:
4767:
4764:
4758:
4750:Member State
4747:
4740:
4736:institutions
4733:
4729:
4728:
4712:
4700:
4689:
4687:
4663:
4645:
4643:
4548:(1958–1993)
4041:
4008:
3888:Agricultural
3822:
3811:Subsidiarity
3450:
3388:
3302:
3255:
2922:
2867:
2784:
2389:
2358:Romanian leu
2346:Polish złoty
2322:Danish krone
2310:Czech koruna
2282:
2277:
2258:
2250:
2245:
1997:
1935:
1574:
1529:
1492:
1474:
1396:
1383:
1370:
1357:
1336:
1332:Other bodies
1248:
1233:
1186:
1168:
1083:
970:
955:
940:
933:
864:
832:
802:
782:
767:
732:
647:Spaak Report
559:
537:
431:
29:
18:EU Directive
8185:Tanja Kreil
8072:ECJ Rulings
7643:Regulations
7398:Nice Treaty
7373:Rome Treaty
6993:Netherlands
6777:Urban areas
6640:Enlargement
6318:Citizenship
6067:LGBT rights
5905:Independent
5720:Euro summit
5636:Secretariat
5613:Legislature
5469:Withdrawals
5082:UTCCR 1994
5006:3 September
4754:authorities
4730:Article 288
4709:Legal basis
4666:co-decision
4283:Netherlands
3966:Integration
3910:Citizenship
3692:Netherlands
3165:Netherlands
2923:EEA members
2838:Switzerland
2687:Netherlands
2193:Netherlands
1950:Switzerland
1837:Netherlands
1141:(2019–2024)
1139:9th session
1046:Secretariat
817:(2015–2016)
333:Netherlands
8288:Categories
8239:Law portal
8130:Francovich
8125:Factortame
7747:Directives
7509:Principles
7471:Procedures
7435:Regulation
7032:Trade mark
6870:Directives
6752:Directives
6650:Statistics
6472:Healthcare
6211:Eurosphere
6116:Currencies
6087:Withdrawal
6062:Regulation
5867:EIB Group
5812:Eurosystem
5680:Presidency
5641:Committees
5581:Statistics
5251:Since 2004
5068:18 January
4959:21 January
4918:References
4819:Verkooijen
4743:regulation
4674:Parliament
4670:Commission
4259:Luxembourg
3818:Regulation
3668:Luxembourg
3141:Luxembourg
2661:Luxembourg
2169:Luxembourg
1811:Luxembourg
1422:SRM bodies
1318:Euro coins
1162:Conference
942:Presidency
718:Article 50
495:Montenegro
307:Luxembourg
7634:Supremacy
7602:Recasting
7512:and terms
7440:Directive
7301:Judiciary
6861:Copyright
6700:Languages
6679:Douzelage
6523:relations
6323:passports
6246:Euromyths
6150:Transport
6028:Directive
5856:EU bodies
5802:President
5759:Judiciary
5732:President
5715:President
5702:Executive
5690:Eurogroup
5646:Elections
5626:President
5523:Geography
5511:Geography
4715:enactment
4696:Eurospeak
4646:directive
4247:Lithuania
3898:Fisheries
3884:Policies
3823:Directive
3656:Lithuania
3340:Elections
3129:Lithuania
2897:(Opt-out)
2648:Lithuania
2259:President
2252:Eurogroup
2157:Lithuania
1798:Lithuania
1464:of the EU
1295:President
1098:President
994:Eurogroup
907:Juhansone
878:President
841:President
713:Article 7
294:Lithuania
7452:Decision
7413:Opt-outs
7365:Treaties
7201:Treaties
6801:Category
6715:Religion
6521:Foreign
6509:VAT Area
6389:Eurozone
6285:Policies
6199:Concepts
6191:Politics
6131:Eurozone
6082:opt-outs
6077:Treaties
5967:Military
5944:Advisory
5928:Agencies
5568:Regions
5226:Founders
5213:Timeline
4882:EudraLex
4876:See also
4854:doctrine
4761:decision
4676:and the
4343:Slovenia
4331:Slovakia
4307:Portugal
4079:Bulgaria
3920:Identity
3903:Regional
3828:Decision
3752:Slovenia
3740:Slovakia
3716:Portugal
3488:Bulgaria
3225:Slovenia
3213:Slovakia
3189:Portugal
2960:Bulgaria
2752:Slovenia
2739:Slovakia
2713:Portugal
2492:Bulgaria
2398:Bulgaria
2229:Slovenia
2217:Slovakia
2205:Portugal
1902:Slovenia
1889:Slovakia
1863:Portugal
1616:Bulgaria
1155:Quaestor
1001:AGRIFISH
727:Opt-outs
398:Slovenia
385:Slovakia
359:Portugal
112:Bulgaria
37:a series
8252:Portals
8160:Nordsee
8076:Caselex
7525:EUR-Lex
7318:members
7118:Designs
7087:Romania
7077:Germany
7039:Ireland
7003:Romania
6983:Ireland
6978:Germany
6850:in the
6792:Outline
6725:Symbols
6666:Culture
6155:TRACECA
6099:Economy
5907:offices
5204:History
5127:natural
4887:EUR-Lex
4703:P&I
4678:Council
4499:Ireland
4469:History
4319:Romania
4211:Ireland
4199:Hungary
4175:Germany
4151:Finland
4139:Estonia
4127:Denmark
4091:Croatia
4067:Belgium
4055:Austria
3801:Primacy
3728:Romania
3620:Ireland
3608:Hungary
3584:Germany
3560:Finland
3548:Estonia
3536:Denmark
3500:Croatia
3476:Belgium
3464:Austria
3270:Iceland
3201:Romania
3093:Ireland
3081:Hungary
3057:Germany
3033:Finland
3021:Estonia
3009:Denmark
2972:Croatia
2948:Belgium
2936:Austria
2895:Ireland
2799:Iceland
2726:Romania
2609:Hungary
2583:Germany
2557:Finland
2544:Estonia
2531:Denmark
2505:Croatia
2479:Belgium
2466:Austria
2428:Romania
2413:Hungary
2408:Denmark
2403:Czechia
2121:Ireland
2097:Germany
2073:Finland
2061:Estonia
2037:Croatia
2025:Belgium
2013:Austria
1876:Romania
1759:Ireland
1746:Hungary
1720:Germany
1694:Finland
1681:Estonia
1668:Denmark
1629:Croatia
1603:Belgium
1590:Austria
1569:Euratom
1298:Lagarde
1210:Rulings
1200:Members
1122:S&D
1102:Metsola
1091:Members
1070:COREPER
956:Hungary
851:Parties
847:(ALDE)
709:(2007)
531:Ukraine
483:Moldova
471:Georgia
447:Albania
372:Romania
255:Ireland
242:Hungary
216:Germany
190:Finland
177:Estonia
164:Denmark
125:Croatia
99:Belgium
86:Austria
8155:Metock
8140:Kolpak
8090:Bosman
7431:Acquis
7193:(2019)
7187:(2016)
7140:(2001)
7134:(1998)
7128:(1999)
7094:(1998)
7069:Patent
7055:(1988)
7013:Sweden
6998:Poland
6973:France
6958:(2003)
6952:(2019)
6946:(2006)
6940:(2004)
6934:(2003)
6928:(2001)
6922:(2001)
6916:(2000)
6910:(1998)
6904:(1996)
6898:(1993)
6892:(1993)
6886:(1992)
6880:(1991)
6806:Portal
6111:Budget
6008:Acquis
5969:bodies
5946:bodies
5595:Bodies
5062:Europa
5040:
5028:EU Law
4840:. The
4828:, the
4480:Brexit
4367:Sweden
4295:Poland
4235:Latvia
4187:Greece
4163:France
4103:Cyprus
3893:Energy
3856:Budget
3796:Acquis
3776:Sweden
3704:Poland
3644:Latvia
3596:Greece
3572:France
3512:Cyprus
3303:Topics
3296:Norway
3294:
3281:
3268:
3249:Sweden
3177:Poland
3117:Latvia
3069:Greece
3045:France
2985:Cyprus
2893:
2882:Cyprus
2880:
2836:
2825:Norway
2823:
2810:
2797:
2778:Sweden
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2596:Greece
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2581:
2570:France
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2477:
2464:
2423:Sweden
2418:Poland
2378:ERM II
2145:Latvia
2109:Greece
2085:France
2049:Cyprus
1961:
1948:
1928:Sweden
1926:
1913:
1900:
1887:
1874:
1861:
1850:Poland
1848:
1835:
1822:
1809:
1796:
1785:Latvia
1783:
1770:
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1733:Greece
1731:
1718:
1707:France
1705:
1692:
1679:
1666:
1653:
1642:Cyprus
1640:
1627:
1614:
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1588:
1145:Bureau
1041:Voting
1011:COMPET
989:ECOFIN
845:Michel
811:(2004)
797:(1992)
791:(1985)
703:(2007)
697:(2001)
691:(1997)
685:(1992)
679:(1986)
673:(1983)
667:(1965)
661:(1957)
655:(1957)
649:(1956)
643:(1951)
637:(1951)
631:(1950)
575:Kosovo
553:Turkey
519:Serbia
424:Sweden
422:
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383:
370:
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346:Poland
344:
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138:Cyprus
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8204:Fraud
8065:Cases
7727:REACH
7008:Spain
6988:Italy
6739:Lists
5852:Other
5036:–60.
5000:(PDF)
4993:(PDF)
4355:Spain
4271:Malta
4223:Italy
3764:Spain
3680:Malta
3632:Italy
3237:Spain
3153:Malta
3105:Italy
2765:Spain
2674:Malta
2622:Italy
2241:Spain
2181:Malta
2133:Italy
1915:Spain
1824:Malta
1772:Italy
1416:ESFS
1006:EPSCO
884:(EPP)
411:Spain
320:Malta
268:Italy
8105:Chen
7423:Acts
6854:(EU)
6332:list
6136:Euro
5497:2020
5492:2012
5487:1985
5482:1984
5477:1962
5459:2013
5454:2007
5449:2004
5444:1995
5439:1990
5434:1986
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5419:1954
5395:2012
5386:2012
5129:and
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5008:2009
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3402:1984
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777:2020
773:1984
762:2011
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750:1994
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8078:):
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4856:of
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