Information Age - Knowledge

1705: 930: 1688: 10850: 2276: 58: 10874: 3837:"It is in fact, quite the opposite: history is just beginning, if by history we understand the moment when, after millennia of a prehistoric battle with Nature, first to survive, then to conquer it, our species has reached the level of knowledge and social organization that will allow us to live in a predominantly social world. It is the beginning of a new existence, and indeed the beginning of a new age, The Information Age, marked by the autonomy of culture vis-à-vis the material basis of our existence." 1823: 2312: 8626: 1073:(PCM) digital voice transmission. The T1 format carried 24 pulse-code modulated, time-division multiplexed speech signals each encoded in 64 kbit/s streams, leaving 8 kbit/s of framing information which facilitated the synchronization and demultiplexing at the receiver. Over the subsequent decades the digitisation of voice became the norm for all but the last mile (where analogue continued to be the norm right into the late 1990s). 10862: 8636: 3065: 1186: 2046: 8646: 2248:, along with processes for mass manufacturing, came to serve the needs of a growing global population. The Industrial Age harnessed steam and waterpower to reduce the dependence on animal and human physical labor as the primary means of production. Thus, the core of the Industrial Revolution was the generation and distribution of energy from coal and water to produce steam and, later in the 20th century, electricity. 125: 3652: 112: 2719:

knowledge: practical knowledge; intellectual knowledge, that is, general culture and the satisfying of intellectual curiosity; pastime knowledge, that is, knowledge satisfying non-intellectual curiosity or the desire for light entertainment and emotional stimulation; spiritual or religious knowledge; unwanted knowledge, accidentally acquired and aimlessly retained.

3854:. Although access to information has never been greater, most information is irrelevant or insubstantial. The Information Age's emphasis on speed over expertise contributes to "superficial culture in which even the elite will openly disparage as pointless our main repositories for the very best that has been thought." 4723:

If the wheels behind the CD-ROM industry have their way, this product will help open the door to a brave, new multimedia world for microcomputers, where the computer is intimately linked with the other household electronics, and every gadget in the house reads tons of video, audio, and text data from

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all, ultimately, induced discontinuous and irreversible changes in the economic, social and cultural elements of the daily life of most people. Traditionally, these epochs have taken place over hundreds, or in the case of the Neolithic Revolution, thousands of years, whereas the Information Age swept

1298:(middle and upper middle class households were the most likely to own one, at 22.9%). By 1989, 15% of all U.S. households owned a computer, and nearly 30% of households with children under the age of 18 owned one. By the late 1980s, many businesses were dependent on computers and digital technology. 1297:

In 1984, the U.S. Census Bureau began collecting data on computer and Internet use in the United States; their first survey showed that 8.2% of all U.S. households owned a personal computer in 1984, and that households with children under the age of 18 were nearly twice as likely to own one at 15.3%

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Moore also affirmed he never said transistor count would double every 18 months, as is commonly said. Initially, he said transistors on a chip would double every year. He then recalibrated it to every two years in 1975. David House, an Intel executive at the time, noted that the changes would cause

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had begun. He defines knowledge as a commodity and attempts to measure the magnitude of the production and distribution of this commodity within a modern economy. Machlup divided information use into three classes: instrumental, intellectual, and pastime knowledge. He identified also five types of

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The object of economic activities can be conceptualized according to the fundamental distinction between matter, energy, and information. These apply both to the object of each economic activity, as well as within each economic activity or enterprise. For instance, an industry may process matter

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that process and store data. However, what dramatically accelerated the pace of The Information Age’s adoption, as compared to previous ones, was the speed by which knowledge could be transferred and pervaded the entire human family in a few short decades. This acceleration came about with the

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as the third constituent part of the Universe; information is carried by matter or by energy. By the 1990s some writers believed that changes implied by the Information revolution will lead to not only a fiscal crisis for governments but also the disintegration of all "large structures".

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when he writes of our global interdependence and the new relationships between economy, state and society, what he calls "a new society-in-the-making." He cautions that just because humans have dominated the material world, does not mean that the Information Age is the end of history:

2679:(1997) identified six 'Information Revolutions': writing, printing, mass media, entertainment, the 'tool shed' (which we call 'home' now), and the information highway. In this work the term 'information revolution' is used in a narrow sense, to describe trends in communication media. 2430:

came up when new informational inputs were produced by individual innovators, or by scientific and technical institutions. During the Information Revolution all these activities are experiencing continuous growth, while other information-oriented activities are emerging.

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Between 7,000 and 10,000 years ago during the Neolithic period, humans began to domesticate animals, began to farm grains and to replace stone tools with ones made of metal. These innovations allowed nomadic hunter-gatherers to settle down. Villages formed along the

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There are different conceptualizations of the Information Age. Some focus on the evolution of information over the ages, distinguishing between the Primary Information Age and the Secondary Information Age. Information in the Primary Information Age was handled by

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of (optimally compressed) information in 1986; 471 petabytes in 1993; 2.2 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 2000; and 65 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 2007, the information equivalent of six newspapers per person per day. In the 1990s, the spread of the

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were capable of performing well over 10^18 instructions per second. Estimates suggest that the storage capacity of an individual human brain is about 10^12 bytes. On a per capita basis, this is matched by current digital storage (5x10^21 bytes per 7.2x10^9

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per person in 1986 (539 MB per person); roughly four CD-ROM per person in 1993; twelve CD-ROM per person in the year 2000; and almost sixty-one CD-ROM per person in 2007. It is estimated that the world's capacity to store information has reached 5

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The digital revolution converted technology from analog format to digital format. By doing this, it became possible to make copies that were identical to the original. In digital communications, for example, repeating hardware was able to amplify the

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caused a sudden leap in access to and ability to share information in businesses and homes globally. A computer that cost $ 3000 in 1997 would cost $ 2000 two years later and $ 1000 the following year, due to the rapid advancement of technology.

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of any single human being and has done so a decade earlier than predicted. In terms of capacity, there are two measures of importance: the number of operations a system can perform and the amount of information that can be stored. The number of

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and China around 1,450 B.C.) enabled ideas to be preserved for extended periods to spread extensively. In all, Neolithic developments, augmented by writing as an information tool, laid the groundwork for the advent of civilization.

2974:. In the United States, for example, from January 1972 to August 2010, the number of people employed in manufacturing jobs fell from 17,500,000 to 11,500,000 while manufacturing value rose 270%. Although it initially appeared that 6032: 2990:

foreshadowed a sharp drop in the number of jobs in the sector. This pattern of decrease in jobs would continue until 2003, and data has shown that, overall, technology creates more jobs than it destroys even in the short run.

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has included statistics on the information sector in the economic reports of its member countries. Veneris (1984, 1990) explored the theoretical, economic and regional aspects of the informational revolution and developed a

2823:. One of the most evident concerns is the replacement of human labor by computers that can do their jobs faster and more effectively, thus creating a situation in which individuals who perform tasks that can easily be 5780: 3725:

was about eight years longer than other machines, and so accumulated the highest total sales. By 1985, 2.1 million had sold and more than 4 million Apple II's were shipped by the end of its production in 1993.

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who in his (1962) book "The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States", claimed that the "knowledge industry represented 29% of the US gross national product", which he saw as evidence that the

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in the mid-1990s led to record data transfer rates. By 2018, optical networks routinely delivered 30.4 terabits/s over a fiber optic pair, the data equivalent of 1.2 million simultaneous 4K HD video streams.

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and pass it on with no loss of information in the signal. Of equal importance to the revolution was the ability to easily move the digital information between media, and to access or distribute it remotely.

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were once well paid in comparison to those in other countries. With the advent of the Information Age and improvements in communication, this is no longer the case, as workers must now compete in a global

2394:. Information-related activities did not come up with the Information Revolution. They existed, in one form or the other, in all human societies, and eventually developed into institutions, such as the 4016: 3790:

succeeded in making image-transmitting bundles with over 10,000 optical fibers, and subsequently achieved image transmission through a 75 cm long bundle which combined several thousand fibers.

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BASIC, along with a lack of retail distribution sites, caused it to lag in sales behind the other Trinity machines until 1979, when it surpassed the PET. It was again pushed into 4th place when

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the world's technological capacity to compute information with the help of humanly guided general-purpose computers grew at a sustained compound annual growth rate of 61% during the same period.

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attempt to classify these new activities, but their definitions are not based on a clear conceptual scheme, although the latter is considered by some as equivalent with the information sector.

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was created in 1988, and the first were marketed in December 1989 in Japan and in 1990 in the United States. By the early 2000s, digital cameras had eclipsed traditional film in popularity.

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that was much faster than humanly possible, but were expensive to buy and maintain, so were initially limited to a few scientific institutions, large corporations, and government agencies.

9904: 1290:, and video games all fueled what became the zeitgeist of the 1980s. Millions of people purchased home computers, making household names of early personal computer manufacturers such as 7638: 5433: 4836: 6976: 6839: 1263:. As digital technology proliferated, and the switch from analog to digital record keeping became the new standard in business, a relatively new job description was popularized, the 7230: 1294:, Commodore, and Tandy. To this day the Commodore 64 is often cited as the best selling computer of all time, having sold 17 million units (by some accounts) between 1982 and 1994. 1267:. Culled from the ranks of secretaries and typists from earlier decades, the data entry clerk's job was to convert analog data (customer records, invoices, etc.) into digital data. 2028:

has grown from the 606 genome sequences registered in December 1982 to the 231 million genomes in August 2021. An additional 13 trillion incomplete sequences are registered in the

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In 1989, about 15% of all households in the United States owned a personal computer. For households with children, nearly 30% owned a computer in 1989, and in 2000, 65% owned one.

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for electrical systems, and various machines for aiming military guns and bombs. The construction of problem-specific analog computers continued in the late 1940s and beyond, with

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at Bell Labs described in 1967 how the floating gate of an MOS semiconductor device could be used for the cell of a reprogrammable ROM. Following the invention of flash memory by

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All products have use value, exchange value, and informational value. The latter can be measured by the information content of the product, in terms of innovation, design, etc.

10815: 4370: 2582:(1940), who included in the tertiary sector all activities that have not been included in the primary (agriculture, forestry, etc.) and secondary (manufacturing) sectors. The 7422: 5822: 10820: 4184: 5777: 2308:. The Tertiary Information Age was emerged by media of the Primary Information Age interconnected with media of the Secondary Information Age as presently experienced. 6807: 6944: 5718: 3145: 1039: 7271: 7148: 7039: 6914: 10805: 9823: 2483:. Note, however, that you may prefer mentalist to materialist paradigm. The following fundamental aspects of the theory of information revolution can be given: 4011: 2598: 2272:

systems at the heart of telecom networks and the Internet span the globe and carry most of the information traffic to and from users and data storage systems.

1838:(EB) in 1986 to 15.8 EB in 1993; over 54.5 EB in 2000; and to 295 (optimally compressed) EB in 2007. This is the informational equivalent to less than one 730- 1604:

In the late 1980s, less than 1% of the world's technologically stored information was in digital format, while it was 94% in 2007, with more than 99% by 2014.

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Enterprises, and society at large, develop the information control and processing functions, in the form of management structures; these are also called "

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in 1760 and continued into the mid-19th century. The invention of machines such as the mechanical textile weaver by Edmund Cartwrite, the rotating shaft

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became as ubiquitous as computers by the early 2000s, with movie theaters beginning to show ads telling people to silence their phones. They also became

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Cooper, Arnold C.; Gimeno-Gascon, F. Javier; Woo, Carolyn Y. (1994). "Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance".

6407: 6319: 4399: 899:, the world's first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer. Also during World War II, Allied engineers constructed electromechanical 10060: 9920: 2676: 5756: 5739: 2663:

Diffusion of innovations causes structural-sectoral shifts in the economy, which can be smooth or can create crisis and renewal, a process which

9889: 6620: 9828: 7004: 2610: 1407:, the first web browser capable of displaying inline images and the basis for later browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer. 822:, but it was never successfully built, and was largely forgotten by the 20th century and unknown to most of the inventors of modern computers. 7635: 5441: 2213: 9853: 6966: 6775: 4840: 934: 2835:, which is often highly resisted. Thus, individuals who lose their jobs may be pressed to move up into more indispensable professions (e.g. 2454:. Wiener stated: "information is information not matter or energy". This aphorism suggests that information should be considered along with 1550:

became the standard television broadcasting format in many countries by the end of the decade. In September and December 2006 respectively,

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In developed nations, computers achieved semi-ubiquity during the 1980s as they made their way into schools, homes, business, and industry.

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network started to be opened in Finland to accommodate the unexpected demand for cell phones that was becoming apparent in the late 1980s.

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One turning point of the revolution was the change from analog to digitally recorded music. During the 1980s the digital format of optical

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Hilbert & López (2011). The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information. Science, 332(6025), 60–65.

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Castells, Manuel. The Power of Identity, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. II. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell

6743: 6288: 4784: 4672: 10663: 10610: 7669: 7483: 7360: 6882: 4704: 4511: 4332: 3337:, and the ratio of computing power to size increased dramatically, giving direct access to computers to ever smaller groups of people. 1388:

that June; it was played in 10 theaters in Spain and Italy. However, HDTV did not become a standard until the mid-2000s outside Japan.

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to double in capacity every 16 years where sufficient space made available. He advocated replacing bulky, decaying printed works with

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the world's technological capacity to store information grew at a sustained compound annual growth rate of 25% between 1986 and 2007;

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By 1976, there were several firms racing to introduce the first truly successful commercial personal computers. Three machines, the

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in 1837, were designed to provide routine mathematical calculation and simple decision-making capabilities. Military needs during

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stressed in many occasions the role of the "intellectual element" in production, but failed to find a place for it into his model.

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Hilbert, M. (2020). "Digital technology and social change: The digital transformation of society from a historical perspective".

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service jobs. In the past, the economic fate of individuals would be tied to that of their nation's. For example, workers in the

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that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the

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in 1947. This was a breakthrough that laid the foundations for modern technology. Shockley's research team also invented the

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in a human brain has been estimated to lie between 10^15 and 10^17. While this number is impressive, even in 2007 humanity's

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submission database as of August 2021. The information contained in these registered sequences has doubled every 18 months.

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systems used electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic systems to model problems and calculate answers. These included an 1872

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computer and first demonstrated it there. With specifications in hand and an order for 100 machines at US$ 500 each from

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The world's technological capacity to compute information with human-guided general-purpose computers grew from 3.0 × 10

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in 1957. These technological advances have had a significant impact on the way information is processed and transmitted.

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had entered the mainstream by the early 2010s. In January 2013, a majority of U.S. survey respondents reported owning a

10648: 7921: 7510: 7029: 6904: 6347: 6205:"video animation on The World’s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information from 1986 to 2010 6031:, PhD Thesis, submitted to the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (British Library microfilm no. : D55307/85). 6009: 5853: 5505: 5455: 5129: 4081: 2089: 1575: 17: 7383: 5363: 531: 440: 9873: 8561: 8389: 7926: 7562: 7224: 7185: 6876: 6737: 6710: 6579: 4468: 3574: 3453:

were developed about 1950, but awaited technical innovations in data transmission and storage to be put to full use.

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and many businesses listed websites in their ads. By 1999, almost every country had a connection, and nearly half of

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adoptions of a new form of power. Beginning in 1972, engineers devised ways to harness light to convey data through

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to all parts of the globe in just a few years, as a result of the rapidly advancing speed of information exchange.

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Information activities constitute a large, new economic sector, the information sector along with the traditional

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in 1986, to 4.4 × 10 MIPS in 1993; to 2.9 × 10 MIPS in 2000; to 6.4 × 10 MIPS in 2007. An article featured in the

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Supporting online material for the world's technological capacity to store, communicate, and compute infrormation

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are forced to find employment where their labor is not as disposable. This especially creates issue for those in

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at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968. With the advent of the MOS transistor and the MOS IC, transistor technology

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During rare times in human history, there have been periods of innovation that have transformed human life. The

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has already began due to the recent breakthroughs in areas such as artificial intelligence and biotechnologies.

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About 200 of the machines sold before the company announced the Apple II as a complete computer. It had color

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systems to digitally replicate and automate previously manually performed mathematical calculations, with the

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Innovations are the result of the production of new information, as new products, new methods of production,

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It is estimated that the world's capacity to store information has increased from 2.6 (optimally compressed)

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than phones of the 1990s, most of which only took calls or at most allowed for the playing of simple games.

540: 10356: 9758: 9743: 9638: 8551: 8139: 8047: 7959: 7735: 7720: 6179:, PhD Thesis, Univ. of Stanford. This thesis measured the role of the Information Sector in the US Economy. 5884:

Goodarzi, M., Fahimifar, A., Shakeri Daryani, E. (2021). "New Media and Ideology: A Critical Perspective".

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Labor can be classified according to the object of labor, into information labor and non-information labor.

2179:) in 6,000 B.C. Cities emerged between 6,000 B.C. and 3,500 B.C. The development of written communication ( 1439:

on a regular basis. However throughout the 1990s, "getting online" entailed complicated configuration, and

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it. Connectivity between computers within organizations enabled access to greater amounts of information.

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became publicly accessible in 1991, which had been available only to government and universities. In 1993

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The main feature of the information revolution is the growing economic, social and technological role of

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prescribes that the amount of storage space available appears to be growing approximately exponentially.

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Chandler, Alfred Dupont; Hikino, Takashi; Nordenflycht, Andrew Von; Chandler, Alfred D. (30 June 2009).

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in 1697. This age of discovery continued through the 18th century, accelerated by widespread use of the

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was also invented in the late 1980s. Disney's CAPS system (created 1988) was used for a scene in 1989's

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was completed in 1944, and was to some degree improved with inspiration from Charles Babbage's designs.

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There is ongoing debate concerning whether the Third Industrial Revolution has already ended and if the

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Krishnapuram, Raghu (September 2013). "Global trends in information technology and their implication".

3901: 3841: 3817: 3779: 3550: 3256: 2363: 1971: 1917: 1574:, and by 2015, 51 percent of U.S. households owned a dedicated home video game console according to an 1473:

The digital revolution became truly global in this time as well - after revolutionizing society in the

195: 35: 7092: 5765: 5736: 4757: 4235:"The Digital Revolution Ahead for the Audio Industry," Business Week. New York, 16 March 1981, p. 40D. 1590:. By 2016, half of the world's population was connected and as of 2020, that number has risen to 67%. 1189:

A visualization of the various routes through a portion of the Internet (created via The Opte Project)

10747: 10737: 10484: 9683: 9643: 9084: 8629: 8556: 8531: 8394: 8042: 7655: 6610: 5716:"The Digital Universe in 2020: Big Data, Bigger Digital Shadows, and Biggest Growth in the Far East". 3996: 3735: 3634: 3093: 2765: 1887: 1704: 1355: 1271: 6998: 4947: 3585:, and from analog to digital cameras, during the 1980s–1990s. The most common image sensors are the 10934: 10929: 10919: 10894: 10637: 10425: 9783: 9511: 9273: 9233: 9223: 9171: 8480: 8313: 7906: 7775: 5411: 3864: 3121: 3077: 2769: 2629: 2538: 1467: 1125: 958: 431: 6765: 526: 521: 338: 10909: 10742: 10732: 10722: 10717: 10707: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10098: 9561: 9469: 8768: 8763: 8541: 8475: 8366: 8182: 7849: 7111: 7034: 6971: 6909: 6834: 6802: 6770: 6615: 6382: 6093: 4340: 3472: 3364: 3302: 3286: 3117: 3113: 2911: 2614: 2579: 2575: 2488:(e.g. iron) using energy and information (production and process technologies, management, etc.). 2334:, each with different long waves. The first focused on the transformation of material, including 2056: 1910: 1709: 1599: 1571: 1342: 1226: 1093: 1027: 849: 725: 403: 31: 6518: 6364: 3445:

in the 1920s, with the ability to store documents on film, making them much more compact. Early

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Information is the central theme of several new sciences, which emerged in the 1940s, including

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would be the centerpiece of the revolution, with multiple household devices reading the discs.

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integrated circuits by 1964. MOS chips further increased in complexity at a rate predicted by

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A Disorienting Dilemma: Teaching and Learning in Technology Education During a Time of Crisis

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reached 1 billion, and 3 billion people worldwide used cell phones by the end of the decade.

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Humans have manufactured tools for counting and calculating since ancient times, such as the

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magazine later referred to Commodore, Apple, and Tandy as the "1977 Trinity". Also in 1977,

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networks grew at a sustained compound annual growth rate of 30% during the same two decades;

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system. This massive scale communication technology has emerged as the common basis of all

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The first developments for storing data were initially based on photographs, starting with

3103: 3000: 2668: 2636:), following certain cyclical patterns and creating "economic waves", also referred to as " 2549: 2492: 2419: 2301: 2009: 1766: 1687: 1404: 1291: 718: 492: 422: 343: 329: 205: 201: 70:; long-distance communication between computer systems is a hallmark of the Information Age 7325: 5385: 5150: 2761: 1708:

A timeline of major milestones of the Information Age, from the first message sent by the

8: 10340: 10195: 10103: 10055: 10023: 10004: 9863: 9728: 9598: 9388: 9317: 9074: 9047: 9030: 9018: 8840: 8796: 8601: 8526: 8442: 8427: 8192: 7979: 7936: 7931: 7828: 7818: 7790: 7602: 6204: 5997: 5987: 5916:

2013 1st International Conference on Emerging Trends and Applications in Computer Science

5154: 5010: 4154: 3966: 3961: 3812:., the venture that popularized the optical amplifier with the introduction of the first 3594: 3209: 3033: 3026: 2789: 2594: 2496: 1955: 1797: 1758: 1742: 1525: 1415:

to offer online internet banking services to all of its members in October 1994. In 1996

487: 371: 304: 7596: 6064: 5654: 5335: 5263: 1563: 10825: 10810: 10800: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10759: 10077: 10045: 9583: 9499: 9489: 9322: 9285: 9215: 9154: 9137: 9091: 9001: 8915: 8729: 8566: 8465: 8341: 8298: 8207: 8149: 8134: 8124: 7916: 7715: 7590: 7535: 7353:"Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures; The new era (2001– )" 7258: 6076: 5813:

Lathe III, Warren C.; Williams, Jennifer M.; Mangan, Mary E.; Karolchik, Donna (2008).

5728: 5355: 5293: 4718: 4411: 4001: 3764: 3756: 3573:

combined and extended these abilities of computing, mobility, and information sharing.

3531: 3464: 3446: 3266: 3244: 3187: 3073: 2943: 2903: 2860: 2840: 2781: 2578:. These should be restated because they are based on the ambiguous definitions made by 2512: 2508: 2440: 2403: 2269: 2222: 2029: 1867: 1778: 1735: 1582:. By 2012, over 2 billion people used the Internet, twice the number using it in 2007. 1416: 1252: 1105: 1081: 1019: 857: 763: 545: 417: 248: 7620: 5638: 5128:(Report). Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry. Vol. 2015. 3581:, which first began appearing in the late 1960s, led to the transition from analog to 2935:, whereby wages are less dependent on the success or failure of individual economies. 2275: 10866: 10546: 10540: 10534: 10140: 10113: 10050: 10038: 9999: 9968: 9713: 9615: 9603: 9588: 9568: 9479: 9426: 9398: 9380: 9183: 9059: 9052: 8865: 8813: 8791: 8719: 8586: 8516: 8495: 8457: 8265: 8232: 8212: 7911: 7823: 7697: 7558: 7506: 7263: 7220: 7181: 6872: 6733: 6729:

To the Digital Age: Research Labs, Start-up Companies, and the Rise of MOS Technology

6706: 6575: 6526: 6503: 6360: 6160: 6114: 6080: 6005: 5983: 5927: 5849: 5732: 5697: 5674: 5666: 5623: 5347: 5297: 5285: 5277: 4698: 4491: 4464: 4277: 4087: 4077: 4045: 3886: 3797: 3771: 3692: 3499: 3372: 3274: 3233: 3213: 3157: 3149: 3041: 3010: 2987: 2979: 2737: 2730:

networks grew at a sustained compound annual growth rate of 7% between 1986 and 2007;

2664: 2657: 2633: 2583: 2500: 2435: 2265: 1789: 1492:

the following year. In 2002, a majority of U.S. survey respondents reported having a

1485: 1275: 1051: 996: 992: 978: 837:

developed electromechanical tabulating and calculating devices using punch cards and

829:

in the last quarter of the 19th century developed useful electrical circuits and the

819: 703: 687: 408: 362: 10849: 9858: 5612: 4415: 1018:

Other important technological developments included the invention of the monolithic

10627: 10622: 10468: 10457: 10118: 10108: 10018: 9978: 9973: 9948: 9943: 9939: 9474: 9464: 9290: 9238: 9142: 9006: 8895: 8845: 8823: 8818: 8749: 8419: 8303: 8270: 8065: 7994: 7883: 7869: 7864: 7813: 7800: 7725: 7678: 7515: 7062: 6499: 6352: 6068: 5919: 5902: 5658: 5639:"The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information" 5386:"Worldmapper: The world as you've never seen it before - Cellular Subscribers 1990" 5359: 5339: 5267: 5248:"The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information" 5125: 5038: 4984: 4921: 4914: 4888: 4403: 3926: 3787: 3696: 3600: 3424: 3133: 2697: 2567: 2504: 2395: 2327: 2005: 1943: 1895: 1831: 1774: 1478: 1444: 1420: 1302: 1283: 1264: 1202: 1144: 970: 877: 834: 771: 573: 234: 57: 1738:, which could be duplicated on-demand for library patrons and other institutions. 1443:

was the only connection type affordable by individual users; the present day mass

1356:

1989–2005: Invention of the World Wide Web, mainstreaming of the Internet, Web 1.0

1233:, in which multiple separate networks could be joined into a network of networks. 10854: 10696: 10436: 10377: 10372: 10366: 9958: 9848: 9788: 9673: 9521: 9516: 9494: 9414: 9368: 9125: 9079: 8977: 8954: 8910: 8695: 8490: 8384: 8356: 8250: 8202: 8187: 8172: 8027: 8022: 7969: 7859: 7833: 7785: 7730: 7642: 7541: 7298: 7171: 6428: 6211: 6156: 6048: 5923: 5784: 5743: 5722: 5619: 5033: 3981: 3946: 3582: 3566: 3438: 3428: 3416: 3349: 3330: 3049: 3045: 3006: 2919: 2907: 2887: 2828: 2641: 2637: 2571: 2204: 2017: 2013: 1875: 1830:

The world's technological capacity to store information grew from 2.6 (optimally

1785: 1754: 1750: 1729: 1713: 1583: 1489: 1474: 1396: 1370: 1230: 1148: 1136: 1109: 1101: 873: 845: 815: 714: 590: 272: 91: 10873: 7608: 2799:

in which he discusses the similarities and differences between products made of

1851:

in 2014, the informational equivalent of 4,500 stacks of printed books from the

9985: 9963: 9878: 9798: 9753: 9693: 9658: 9450: 9363: 9268: 9176: 8967: 8801: 8724: 8596: 8500: 8399: 8245: 8217: 7614: 7391: 6147: 5966: 5946: 5608: 5343: 4407: 3936: 3911: 3707: 3703:

was added to support the diskette drive; the last version was "Apple DOS 3.3".

3562: 3558: 3542: 3538: 3519: 3368: 3360: 3334: 3298: 3290: 3248: 3199: 3195: 2703: 2563: 2524: 2445: 2359: 2256: 2218: 2147: 1997: 1993: 1871: 1822: 1770: 1746: 1463: 1392: 1385: 1374: 1325: 1260: 1158: 1089: 1043: 1031: 1000: 986: 908: 904: 751: 309: 7303: 6421: 5183: 2593:

From a strategic point of view, sectors can be defined as information sector,

10888: 10413: 10407: 10398: 10392: 10334: 10325: 10316: 10298: 10287: 10275: 10245: 10067: 9833: 9718: 9633: 9578: 9438: 9358: 9253: 9103: 9096: 8989: 8942: 8835: 8691: 8485: 7780: 7267: 6530: 6188: 6049:"Modeling the transition from the Industrial to the Informational Revolution" 5950: 5873: 5701: 5670: 5572: 5281: 4589: 4390: 4006: 3931: 3775: 3774:). In 1953, Bram van Heel demonstrated image transmission through bundles of 3770:

The two core technologies are the optical fiber and light amplification (the

3743: 3665: 3622: 3484: 3396: 3376: 3225: 3165: 3161: 3037: 2971: 2927: 2883: 2872: 2852: 2794: 2785: 2777: 2710: 2653: 2645: 2602: 2371: 2305: 2229: 1725: 1432: 1279: 1244: 1237: 1214: 1206: 1152: 1132: 1059: 1055: 896: 888: 884: 767: 698:. The onset of the Information Age has been linked to the development of the 583: 258: 149: 30:

This article is about the historical period. For the album by dead prez, see

8660: 6345:

McGowan, Robert. 1991. "The Work of Nations by Robert Reich" (book review).

5662: 5412:"Worldmapper: The world as you've never seen it before - Communication Maps" 5272: 5247: 5099:"155M Americans play video games, and 80% of households own a gaming device" 5043: 4091: 3561:

features to some computers. Now commonplace, this technology is extended to

3518:(coined in 1974). Access to the Internet improved with the invention of the 1499: 10878: 10157: 10150: 10145: 10014: 10009: 9953: 9868: 9668: 9573: 9419: 9393: 9302: 8984: 8972: 8920: 8880: 8875: 8739: 8734: 8581: 8240: 6356: 5678: 5351: 5317: 5289: 5151:"Demographics of Mobile Device Ownership and Adoption in the United States" 4017:

Information and communication technologies for environmental sustainability

3916: 3850: 3793: 3739: 3677: 3578: 3450: 3432: 3392: 3384: 3345: 3326: 3282: 3217: 3129: 3108:

The onset of the Information Age can be associated with the development of

3018: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2923: 2879: 2832: 2649: 2375: 2355: 2233: 2208: 1962: 1863: 1813: 1692: 1562:. In September 2007, a majority of U.S. survey respondents reported having 1509: 1493: 1428: 1248: 1113: 1023: 1008: 962: 938: 807: 759: 280: 253: 4736: 2726:

the world's technological capacity to receive information through one-way

2709:

These works can be seen as following the path originated with the work of

2311: 1886:

The world's technological capacity to receive information through one-way

1423:, became the second online bank in the world and the first in Europe. The 10567: 10123: 10082: 10028: 9808: 9556: 9551: 9543: 9528: 9353: 9258: 9069: 8905: 8870: 8850: 8830: 8808: 8773: 8571: 8197: 8109: 5103: 4276:(4. print. ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 144. 3711: 3476: 3400: 3388: 3314: 3294: 3221: 3205: 3153: 2899: 2895: 2553: 2450: 2391: 2367: 2252: 2245: 2172: 2001: 1555: 1457: 1453: 1108:

could be contained on a single MOS LSI chip. In 1968, Fairchild engineer

1047: 1035: 892: 721: 459: 454: 324: 174: 5007:"Demographics of Internet and Home Broadband Usage in the United States" 4613:"Forgotten arcade games let you shoot space men and catch live lobsters" 4537: 1628:

Cell phone subscribers: 12.5 million (0.25% of world population in 1990)

981:. From the late 1940s, universities, military, and businesses developed 10351: 9339: 9327: 9297: 9263: 9203: 8885: 8591: 8521: 8114: 7854: 7710: 7173:

Junctionless Field-Effect Transistors: Design, Modeling, and Simulation

6864:

Nanowire Transistors: Physics of Devices and Materials in One Dimension

6660: 6254: 3986: 3951: 3906: 3809: 3685: 3681: 3570: 3503: 3492: 3353: 3341: 3321:

integrated circuit was developed by Fred Heiman and Steven Hofstein at

3270: 3109: 3089: 3068:

A visualization of the various routes through a portion of the Internet

3022: 2959: 2932: 2891: 2868: 2864: 2824: 2820: 2736:

the world's effective capacity to exchange information through two-way

2700: 2379: 2351: 2339: 2323: 2320: 2293: 2285: 2241: 2237: 2188: 2070: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1902:

in 2000; and 1.9 zettabytes in 2007, the information equivalent of 174

1899: 1762: 1616: 1587: 1579: 1551: 1513: 1117: 950: 811: 795: 791: 699: 475: 285: 238: 213: 159: 87: 3340:

The first commercial single-chip microprocessor launched in 1971, the

2660:) distinguished by their nature, duration, and, thus, economic impact. 1680:

Cell phone subscribers: 6.31 billion (78% of world population in 2023)

1667:

Cell phone subscribers: 4.78 billion (62% of world population in 2020)

1225:, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of 10162: 10093: 9994: 9990: 9773: 9610: 9345: 9307: 8900: 8714: 8096: 8057: 6130: 5604: 5434:"Cell Phone Dangers - Protecting Our Homes From Cell Phone Radiation" 4876:

Cheeseman Day, Jennifer; Janus, Alex; Davis, Jessica (October 2005).

4041: 3991: 3976: 3805: 3804:, and also established the first optical telecommunications company, 3700: 3480: 3442: 3306: 3263: 3137: 3014: 2942:, the internet has just as well allowed for increased opportunity in 2856: 2848: 2816: 2727: 2520: 2516: 2399: 2335: 2180: 2143: 1959: 1921: 1903: 1848: 1732: 1641:

Cell phone subscribers: 1.5 billion (19% of world population in 2002)

1470:

where text messaging didn't become commonplace till the early 2000s.

1400: 1097: 1066: 1004: 995:

became economical for widespread adoption after the invention of the

974: 954: 830: 787: 578: 299: 163: 67: 6072: 5982: 3828:

Manuel Castells captures the significance of the Information Age in

3064: 2682: 2537:

Industries develop information-generating activities, the so-called

2045: 1229:. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for 1185: 9763: 9459: 9280: 9108: 9023: 8962: 8925: 8157: 7647: 6967:"1970: MOS Dynamic RAM Competes with Magnetic Core Memory on Price" 5760: 3896: 3760: 3755:. Optical communication provides the transmission backbone for the 3722: 3657: 3646: 3629:

were all released in 1977, becoming the most popular by late 1978.

3618: 3515: 3380: 3177: 3053: 2836: 2819:

in several ways, such as compelling workers to compete in a global

2773: 2757: 2343: 2331: 2297: 2260: 1926: 1839: 1654:

Cell phone subscribers: 4 billion (68% of world population in 2010)

1612: 1608: 1543: 1436: 1424: 1313: 1210: 1194: 982: 290: 187: 95: 63: 10861: 7584: 7212: 4837:"Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services" 4650: 3459:

was developed from the research of Frederick W. Viehe in 1947 and

3076:, which was itself enabled by building on the developments of the 1466:

became widely used in the late 1990s worldwide, except for in the

1007:

mathematician, is credited for having laid out the foundations of

9678: 9533: 9445: 7574: 6830:"1971: Microprocessor Integrates CPU Function onto a Single Chip" 6193:

The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States

5180:"World Internet Users Statistics and 2014 World Population Stats" 4437:"1971: Microprocessor Integrates CPU Function onto a Single Chip" 4125:"Globalization, Informatization, and Intercultural Communication" 3971: 3673: 3511: 3488: 3460: 3383:(both in 1977) gave individuals access to the computer. However, 3278: 2687:

Porat (1976) measured the information sector in the US using the

2625: 2411: 2156: 2025: 1891: 1835: 1505: 1477:

in the 1990s, the digital revolution spread to the masses in the

1440: 1222: 1198: 989:

being the first commercially available general-purpose computer.

869: 5812: 5316:

Gillings, Michael R.; Hilbert, Martin; Kemp, Darrell J. (2016).

4333:"1960 - Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated" 3808:, to design communication systems. The firm was a co-founder in 3387:

between individual computers was either non-existent or largely

2385: 1193:

The public was first introduced to the concepts that led to the

9698: 5126:

2015 Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry

4785:"20 years ago today, the World Wide Web was born - TNW Insider" 4559: 4110:

Wavelength Division Multiplexing: A Practical Engineering Guide

3626: 3546: 3318: 3310: 3097: 3072:

The Information Age was enabled by technology developed in the

2844: 2542: 2459: 2455: 2407: 2168: 1989: 1843: 1657:

Internet users: 1.8 billion (26.6% of world population in 2010)

1631:

Internet users: 2.8 million (0.05% of world population in 1990)

1318: 1218: 861: 783: 614: 3541:, the rapid miniaturization of MOSFETs at a rate predicted by 3506:

to mainframes, and special message-sharing systems leading to

3220:

drove development of the first electronic computers, based on

2878:

Along with automation, jobs traditionally associated with the

1670:

Internet users: 4.54 billion (59% of world population in 2020)

1593: 9663: 9653: 9648: 9120: 9115: 7446:

Optical Fiber Amplifiers: Materials Devices, and Applications

7116: 5318:"Information in the Biosphere: Biological and Digital Worlds" 4209: 3801: 3554: 3507: 3237: 2528: 2366:. Finally, the most recent metaparadigm aims at transforming 2289: 2196: 2192: 2184: 2160: 2021: 1852: 1683:

Internet users: 5.4 billion (67% of world population in 2023)

1644:

Internet users: 631 million (11% of world population in 2002)

1121: 942: 900: 6149:

A History of Mass Communication: Six Information Revolutions

6029:

The Informational Revolution, Cybernetics and Urban Modeling

4953:(Report). JSM Proceedings, Survey Research Methods Section. 1159:

1969–1989: Invention of the internet, rise of home computers

1131:

MOS technology also led to the development of semiconductor

724:

systems and internet communications as the driving force of

9793: 7621:

The Unintended Consequences of Information Age Technologies

6643:"1963: Complementary MOS Circuit Configuration is Invented" 4367:"1963: Complementary MOS Circuit Configuration is Invented" 3651: 3590: 2915: 2800: 2692: 2618: 2606: 2475:

may relate to, or contrast with, such widely used terms as

2350:, was dedicated to the transformation of energy, including 2176: 2164: 1992:

can be rendered and manipulated as data. This started with

1967: 1547: 1381: 1240:

movement of the 1960s advocated the use of new technology.

1120:, the first single-chip microprocessor. It was released by 124: 7459:

George, Gilder (4 April 1997). "Fiber Keeps its Promise".

6861:

Colinge, Jean-Pierre; Greer, James C.; Greer, Jim (2016).

6603: 5757:"Digital Data Storage is Undergoing Mind-Boggling Growth". 3699:

was only the built-in BASIC interpreter contained in ROM.

3005:

Industry has become more information-intensive while less

2950:

translates into increased opportunities and higher wages.

2722:

More recent estimates have reached the following results:

818:

proposed a mechanical general-purpose computer called the

111: 7624: 7575:

Articles on the impact of the Information Age on business

4814: 3322: 3021:

as the value of their labor decreases. For the system of

2982:

might be partially offset by the rapid growth of jobs in

2953: 2804: 2330:. Here authors distinguish three different long-term meta 1856: 1500:

2005–2020: Web 2.0, social media, smartphones, digital TV

7024: 7022: 6766:"Tortoise of Transistors Wins the Race - CHM Revolution" 4314:

Invention of Integrated Circuits: Untold Important Facts

4299:

Invention of Integrated Circuits: Untold Important Facts

4040:. Media, Religion and Culture (1st ed.). New York: 3565:

and other wearable devices. Starting in the late 1990s,

3144:

in 1952. The most widely used type of transistor is the

2792:

captured the essence of these changes in his 1995 book,

2195:

in 3,500 B.C. and writing in Egypt in 2,560 B.C. and in

1484:

By 2000, a majority of U.S. households had at least one

9778: 7141:"Telstra trial claims world's fasts transmission speed" 6758: 4875: 4074:

The information age : economy, society and culture

3498:

Copper wire cables transmitting digital data connected

2958:

The Information Age has affected the workforce in that

2776:, and other ICT tools—became a significant part of the 2466: 1807: 1306: 895:

used electromechanical systems to complete in 1941 the

7538:, March–April 2010, Volume 98, Number 2, p. 106ff 6568:

The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits

6489: 4948:

Ownership and Usage Patterns of Cell Phones: 2000-2005

4878:"Computer and Internet Use in the United States: 2003" 4012:

The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the Information Age

1788:, the proliferation of the smaller and less expensive 841:, which became widespread in business and government. 10838: 7019: 6422:

Information Technology Workers in the Digital Economy

4271: 3637:

released the Sord M200 Smart Home Computer in Japan.

3044:

are important predictors of the performance of a new

2296:. The Secondary Information Age was developed by the 2035: 6959: 6519:"Film Version of Zuckerberg Divides the Generations" 5888:, 5(2), 137-162. doi: 10.22059/jcss.2021.327938.1065 5801:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA

5311: 5309: 5307: 3467:

in 1949. With the advent of the MOS transistor, MOS

2319:

Others classify it in terms of the well-established

2211:'s publication of the laws of motion and gravity in 1719: 1112:

improved MOS technology with his development of the

713:, the Information Age was formed by capitalizing on 5315: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 4643:"How many Commodore 64 computers were really sold?" 4386:"The Surprising Story of the First Microprocessors" 3549:were developed as a form of portable computer, and 3243:The invention of the transistor enabled the era of 3025:itself, the value of labor decreases, the value of 2914:either lose their jobs through outsourcing, accept 2315:

Stages of development expressed as Kondratiev waves

1773:, formulated around 1965, would calculate that the 1080:chips in the early 1960s, MOS chips reached higher 6466: 5868:Jillianne Code, Rachel Ralph, Kieran Forde et al. 5691: 5559:The Scholar and the Future of the Research Library 5456:"Number of mobile phone users worldwide 2015-2020" 5406: 5404: 5402: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4247:"Transistor History - Invention of the Transistor" 7547:The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture 7415:"Fiber-Optic Technology Draws Record Stock Value" 7326:"M200 Smart Home Computer Series-Computer Museum" 7170:Sahay, Shubham; Kumar, Mamidala Jagadesh (2019). 6860: 6798:"1968: Silicon Gate Technology Developed for ICs" 6312:"How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage" 5815:"Genomic Data Resources: Challenges and Promises" 5304: 4945: 4483: 4400:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 4185:"Regulation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution" 3830:The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture 3146:metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor 2994: 2683:Measuring and modeling the information revolution 2207:'s 1543 proof that the planets orbit the Sun and 1699: 1340:and for all their animation films between 1990's 1104:, as engineers began recognizing that a complete 1050:at Bell Labs in 1959, and the development of the 1040:metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor 10886: 6937:"1956: First commercial hard disk drive shipped" 6198: 6111:The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation 5903:https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.2/mhilbert 5224: 4460:The Electronics Revolution: Inventing the Future 3823: 3820:and, thus, a foundation of the Information Age. 3721:Despite slow initial sales, the lifetime of the 3553:(PDAs) could be used while standing or walking. 3281:integrated circuit was then invented in 1959 by 3120:in 1925. The first practical transistor was the 2788:greatly changed many businesses and industries. 1984:Genetic code may also be considered part of the 7631:History & Discussion of the Information Age 5637:Hilbert, Martin; López, Priscila (April 2011). 5590:computer performance to double every 18 months. 5506:"Fact and Figure 2023 - Mobile phone ownership" 5399: 5207:"Worldwide digital population as of April 2020" 5065:Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2008 4320: 3013:. This has left important implications for the 2871:), who are able to compete successfully in the 2810: 2203:The Scientific Age began in the period between 1784:By the early 1980s, along with improvements in 1435:and people in several other countries used the 6732:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 46. 6042: 6040: 6023: 6021: 5799:Gilbert, Walter; Allan Maxam. "Biochemistry." 4915:Computer and Internet Use in the United States 2024:breast cancer gene mutation. Sequence data in 1427:expanded quickly, and by 1996, it was part of 806:had produced mass-market calculators like the 9905: 8690: 8676: 7687:Note: This template roughly follows the 2012 7663: 7245: 7030:"1971: Reusable semiconductor ROM introduced" 6905:"1953: Whirlwind computer debuts core memory" 5957:, Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois Press. 5565: 4920:(Report). Current Population Survey Reports. 4839:(Press release). 21 June 1995. Archived from 4782: 4610: 4210:"Museum Of Applied Arts And Sciences - About" 2831:, where solutions typically involve lowering 2640:". There are various types of waves, such as 2386:Information in social and economic activities 1988:. Now that sequencing has been computerized, 1116:MOS chip, which he later used to develop the 635: 6854: 5913: 5636: 5245: 3778:with a transparent cladding. The same year, 3160:(CMOS) fabrication process was developed by 2962:and computerization have resulted in higher 2898:) have also begun to disappear as result of 2632:manifests saturation effects (related term: 1724:Library expansion was calculated in 1945 by 1560:transition from analog to digital television 711:United Nations Public Administration Network 7384:"Personal Computer Market Share: 1975–2004" 6046: 6037: 6018: 5872:, 14 September 2021, preprint (Version 1). 5573:"Moore's Law to roll on for another decade" 5550: 4452: 4450: 4272:Shannon, Claude E.; Weaver, Warren (1963). 4107: 2370:. It started out with the proliferation of 1881: 1866:stored appears to be growing approximately 1745:that would follow decades later to replace 1594:Rise in digital technology use of computers 876:for various military applications, and the 9912: 9898: 8683: 8669: 7670: 7656: 7169: 6113:, Dent, London. (first published in 1817) 5874:https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-899835/v1 4244: 2912:post-industrial (i.e. developed) societies 1124:in 1971, and laid the foundations for the 642: 628: 56: 27:Industrial shift to information technology 6452: 6287:. Archives.obs-us.com. 30 December 1996. 5271: 5246:Hilbert, Martin; López, Priscila (2011). 5072:Statistical Abstract of the United States 2130:Learn how and when to remove this message 1566:at home. According to estimates from the 1558:became the first countries to completely 1530:Seventh generation of video game consoles 1301:Motorola created the first mobile phone, 1255:, the first coin-op video games, and the 864:for water management in the Netherlands, 7254:"Technology; The Computer Entering Home" 7251: 7138: 6690: 6376: 5955:The Mathematical Theory of Communication 4456: 4447: 4383: 4274:The mathematical theory of communication 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 3759:and computer networks that underlie the 3650: 3309:in 1957. Following the invention of the 3063: 2754:Information and communication technology 2310: 2274: 1821: 1703: 1686: 1534:Eighth generation of video game consoles 1184: 1181:Fourth generation of video game consoles 1173:Second generation of video game consoles 928: 907:encoding. The base-10 electromechanical 7412: 7375: 7060: 6725: 6437:Economics and Statistics Administration 6182: 6103: 5940: 5533:"Facts and Figures 2023 - Internet Use" 5174: 5172: 4103: 4101: 3668:(known as "Woz"), a regular visitor to 1781:doubles approximately every two years. 1538:Ninth generation of video game consoles 1366:Sixth generation of video game consoles 1362:Fifth generation of video game consoles 1177:Third generation of video game consoles 1169:First generation of video game consoles 14: 10887: 8380:Knowledge representation and reasoning 7605:by Alberts and Papp (CCRP, 2001) (PDF) 7599:by Alberts and Papp (CCRP, 2000) (PDF) 7593:by Alberts and Papp (CCRP, 1997) (PDF) 7503:Digitalzeitalter - Digitalgesellschaft 7458: 7381: 7350: 7252:Schuyten, Peter J. (6 December 1978). 7163: 6554: 6552: 6453:Chang, Yongsung; Hong, Jay H. (2013). 6234:from the original on 14 September 2015 6224:"Information Age Education Newsletter" 5960: 5843: 5031: 4946:Tuckel, Peter; O'Neill, Harry (2005). 4703:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4311: 4296: 4108:Grobe, Klaus; Eiselt, Michael (2013). 4071: 4035: 3848:in the Information Age in a piece for 3017:, as workers have become increasingly 2954:Automation, productivity, and job gain 1979: 1139:. The first such image sensor was the 1013:A Mathematical Theory of Communication 777: 9893: 8664: 8405:Philosophy of artificial intelligence 7651: 7609:Understanding Information Age Warfare 7555:Crossing the Executive Digital Divide 7363:from the original on 21 February 2008 7194:from the original on 21 December 2019 6703:Springer Science & Business Media 6696: 6659: 6623:from the original on 13 December 2013 6537:from the original on 14 November 2020 6410:from the original on 13 October 2010. 6395: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6291:from the original on 4 September 2011 6169: 6087: 5600: 5598: 5556: 5511:International Telecommunication Union 5096: 4719:"COMPUTE! magazine issue 93 Feb 1988" 4557: 4112:. John T Wiley & Sons. p. 2. 4058: 3729: 3606: 3522:in 1991. The capacity expansion from 3514:in 1969. This expanded to become the 2875:and receive (relatively) high wages. 2815:The Information Age has affected the 914: 7731:Energy consumption (Green computing) 7677: 7611:by Alberts et al. (CCRP, 2001) (PDF) 7443: 7425:from the original on 9 November 2021 7233:from the original on 18 January 2022 7151:from the original on 17 October 2019 6979:from the original on 26 October 2021 6699:History of Semiconductor Engineering 6591:from the original on 9 December 2019 6516: 6252: 6140: 6124: 5976: 5825:from the original on 6 December 2021 5755:Rizzatti, Lauro. 14 September 2016. 5431: 5169: 4912: 4377: 4347:from the original on 27 October 2019 4177: 4098: 4036:Hoover, Stewart M. (26 April 2006). 3672:meetings, designed the single-board 2467:The theory of information revolution 2068:adding citations to reliable sources 2039: 1808:Information storage and Kryder's law 1741:Rider did not foresee, however, the 977:. This led the way to more advanced 935:Pennsylvania state historical marker 8410:Distributed artificial intelligence 7689:ACM Computing Classification System 7489:. 25 January 2023. 25 January 2023. 7351:Reimer, Jeremy (14 December 2005). 7332:from the original on 3 January 2020 7112:"1987: Toshiba Launches NAND Flash" 7104: 7042:from the original on 3 October 2019 6917:from the original on 3 October 2019 6842:from the original on 12 August 2021 6558: 6549: 6398:"Job Losses and Productivity Gains" 5848:. Colombo: S. Godage and Brothers. 5714:Gantz, John; David Reinsel (2012). 5204: 4373:from the original on 23 March 2016. 4215:Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences 4147: 3192:Invention of the integrated circuit 2346:. The second, often referred to as 2279:Three stages of the Information Age 1769:digital technologies. Accordingly, 1542:In late 2005 the population of the 1084:and lower manufacturing costs than 810:and the enabling technology of the 774:, as the popular medium of choice. 24: 10216:British credit crisis of 1772–1773 7922:Integrated development environment 7495: 7139:Saarinen, Juha (24 January 2018). 7061:Fulford, Benjamin (24 June 2002). 6885:from the original on 17 March 2020 6778:from the original on 10 March 2020 6649:from the original on 23 July 2019. 6334: 6309: 6265:from the original on 1 August 2020 5899:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 5595: 5130:Entertainment Software Association 4560:"2,076 IT jobs from 492 companies" 4165:from the original on 1 August 2020 4122: 2902:. Unable to compete with those in 2251:The Information Age also requires 2036:Different stage conceptualizations 1909:The world's effective capacity to 1576:Entertainment Software Association 883:Building on the complexity of the 25: 10946: 9929:Commonwealth of Nations countries 9874:Western European and Others Group 8390:Automated planning and scheduling 7927:Software configuration management 7603:Information Age Anthology Vol III 7568: 7448:. Artech House, Inc. pp. xi. 7274:from the original on 22 July 2018 7073:from the original on 3 March 2008 6947:from the original on 31 July 2019 6810:from the original on 29 July 2020 6746:from the original on 27 July 2020 6322:from the original on 23 June 2015 5323:Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4487:Scientific charge-coupled devices 3471:was developed by John Schmidt at 3371:in the 1970s, the development of 1720:Library expansion and Moore's law 1197:when a message was sent over the 10872: 10860: 10848: 8644: 8634: 8625: 8624: 7636:Science Museum – Information Age 7597:Information Age Anthology Vol II 7521:In the Depths of the Digital Age 7476: 7467: 7452: 7437: 7406: 7382:Reimer, Jeremy (December 2005). 7344: 7318: 7302:. September 1995. Archived from 7286: 7216:Inventing the Electronic Century 7206: 7132: 7085: 7054: 7007:from the original on 9 June 2021 6991: 6929: 6897: 6822: 6679:from the original on 29 May 2008 6561:"A Review of MOS Device Physics" 6403:Competitive Enterprise Institute 5579:from the original on 9 July 2015 5481:"Global digital population 2020" 5366:from the original on 4 June 2016 4959:American Statistical Association 4558:Criss, Fillur (14 August 2014). 4512:"History of Whole Earth Catalog" 4384:Shirriff, Ken (30 August 2016). 3814:dense wave division multiplexing 3524:dense wave division multiplexing 3491:in 1980, Toshiba commercialized 2044: 2008:in 1977, grew steadily with the 1257:golden age of arcade video games 1011:in his pioneering 1948 article, 123: 110: 9925:recessions in the United States 8635: 8038:Computational complexity theory 7591:Information Age Anthology Vol I 6790: 6719: 6672:, Stockholm: Nobel Foundation, 6653: 6635: 6510: 6483: 6446: 6414: 6389: 6370: 6303: 6277: 6246: 6216: 6098:Conditions of Economic Progress 5907: 5891: 5878: 5862: 5837: 5806: 5793: 5771: 5749: 5708: 5685: 5630: 5525: 5498: 5473: 5448: 5425: 5378: 5198: 5143: 5118: 5090: 5057: 5034:"Game Consoles in 41% of Homes" 5025: 4999: 4973: 4939: 4906: 4869: 4863:"History - About us - OP Group" 4855: 4829: 4802: 4783:Martin Bryant (6 August 2011). 4776: 4750: 4729: 4711: 4665: 4635: 4604: 4578: 4551: 4530: 4504: 4477: 4429: 4359: 4305: 4290: 4265: 3247:(1950s–1970s), typified by the 2601:, thus extending the classical 2556:", "managerial functions", etc. 2378:and has now entered the age of 2055:needs additional citations for 1948:Trends in Ecology and Evolution 1151:at Bell Labs in 1969, based on 1042:(MOSFET, or MOS transistor) by 7829:Network performance evaluation 7615:Information Age Transformation 7501:Oliver Stengel et al. (2017). 7413:Markoff, John (3 March 1997). 6611:"Who Invented the Transistor?" 6517:Carr, David (3 October 2010). 6455:"Does Technology Create Jobs?" 6396:Smith, Fran (5 October 2010). 6137:, Progress Publishers, Moscow. 5790:, 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020. 5561:. New York City: Hadham Press. 5078:. 30 December 2007. p. 52 5032:Arendt, Susan (5 March 2007). 4611:Vincze Miklós (15 June 2013). 4538:"Personal Computer Milestones" 4238: 4229: 4202: 4116: 4029: 3329:MOS IC was later developed by 3297:, who was in turn building on 3255:provided data calculation and 3083: 3059: 3048:. However, as demonstrated by 2995:Information-intensive industry 2675:From a different perspective, 1968:synaptic operations per second 1933: 1700:Overview of early developments 1518:Digital terrestrial television 1065:In 1962 AT&T deployed the 1030:in 1959 (made possible by the 13: 1: 8193:Multimedia information system 8178:Geographic information system 8168:Enterprise information system 7764:Computer systems organization 7617:by Alberts (CCRP, 2002) (PDF) 7482:Chatterton Williams, Thomas. 6492:Journal of Business Venturing 6377:Bhagwati, Jagdish N. (2005). 5886:Journal of Cyberspace Studies 5097:North, Dale (14 April 2015). 4023: 3824:Economy, society, and culture 3706:Its higher price and lack of 3613:History of personal computers 3182:History of computing hardware 3112:technology. The concept of a 2611:Capitalist mode of production 2588:quinary sector of the economy 2146:, the Scientific Age and the 1522:Digital television transition 1409:Stanford Federal Credit Union 1165:History of arcade video games 1076:Following the development of 745:History of computing hardware 715:computer microminiaturization 106: 92:computer microminiaturization 8552:Computational social science 8140:Theoretical computer science 7960:Software development process 7736:Electronic design automation 7721:Very Large Scale Integration 7550:, 3 vols. Oxford: Blackwell. 7525:The New York Review of Books 7219:. Harvard University Press. 6504:10.1016/0883-9026(94)90013-2 5973:, MIT Press, CA, \\\, p. 155 5924:10.1109/icetacs.2013.6691382 5803:. Vol. 74. No 2, pp. 560-64. 4981:"One Billion People Online!" 4758:"A short history of the Web" 4490:. SPIE Press. pp. 3–4. 4463:. Springer. pp. 245–8. 4245:Phil Ament (17 April 2015). 3922:Democratization of knowledge 3880:Fourth Industrial Revolution 3875:Second Industrial Revolution 3413:History of telecommunication 3171: 3124:, invented by the engineers 2811:Jobs and income distribution 2747: 2228:The Industrial Age began in 2219:moveable type printing press 1100:was the basis for the first 921:Early history of video games 827:Second Industrial Revolution 733:Fourth Industrial Revolution 694:, to an economy centered on 121:Fourth Industrial Revolution 116:Second Industrial Revolution 66:to display information from 7: 10671:1997 Asian financial crisis 10304:Civil War-era United States 8375:Natural language processing 8163:Information storage systems 7531:Avoiding a Digital Dark Age 7000:Solid State Design - Vol. 6 6726:Bassett, Ross Knox (2007). 6379:In defense of Globalization 5692:Hilbert, Martin R. (2011). 3870:First Industrial Revolution 3857: 3844:wrote about the dangers of 3640: 3551:personal digital assistants 3142:bipolar junction transistor 1695:containing many desktop PCs 949:In 1947, the first working 660:Third Industrial Revolution 46:Third Industrial Revolution 10: 10951: 10447:Post–World War I recession 10267:Post-Napoleonic Depression 8291:Human–computer interaction 8261:Intrusion detection system 8173:Social information systems 8158:Database management system 7585:Beyond the Information Age 7528:Bollacker, Kurt D. (2010) 7294:"Most Important Companies" 7256:. Business & Finance. 6869:Cambridge University Press 6572:Cambridge University Press 6465:(3): 44–53. Archived from 6100:, McMillan and Co, London. 6053:Environment and Planning A 5844:Iranga, Suroshana (2016). 5344:10.1016/j.tree.2015.12.013 4484:James R. Janesick (2001). 4408:10.1109/MSPEC.2016.7551353 4155:"The History of Computers" 3902:Cognitive-cultural economy 3842:Thomas Chatterton Williams 3818:telecommunication networks 3733: 3644: 3610: 3410: 3317:at Bell Labs in 1959, the 3185: 3175: 3156:at Bell Labs in 1960. The 3101: 3087: 2998: 1918:telecommunication networks 1811: 1597: 1503: 1359: 1205:networks such as ARPANET, 1162: 918: 802:. By the early 1800s, the 742: 738: 36:Information Age Publishing 29: 10685: 10621: 10566: 10520: 10435: 10357:2nd Industrial Revolution 10350: 10297: 10290:(1836–1838 and 1839–1843) 10206:1st Industrial Revolution 10204: 10173: 9974:Price-and-wage stickiness 9935: 9644:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 9624: 9542: 9379: 9214: 9085:Standard Average European 8953: 8782: 8702: 8620: 8557:Computational engineering 8532:Computational mathematics 8509: 8456: 8418: 8365: 8327: 8289: 8231: 8148: 8094: 8056: 8008: 7945: 7878: 7842: 7799: 7763: 7696: 7685: 7623:by Alberts (CCRP, 1996) ( 6348:Human Resource Management 6228:Information Age Education 5613:"Technological Progress". 4072:Manuel, Castells (1996). 4038:Religion in the Media Age 3997:Technological determinism 3865:Technological revolutions 3763:, the foundation for the 3736:Fiber-optic communication 3635:Sord Computer Corporation 3575:Metal–oxide–semiconductor 3094:History of the transistor 2656:(about 4 years, see also 2016:, after the discovery by 1972:general-purpose computers 1380:The first public digital 1272:Automated teller machines 1128:that began in the 1970s. 119: 109: 101: 83: 75: 62:A laptop connects to the 55: 50: 45: 10638:1990s United States boom 10426:Financial crisis of 1914 9784:Lancaster House Treaties 9274:Christian existentialism 9234:Ancient Roman philosophy 9224:Ancient Greek philosophy 8567:Computational healthcare 8562:Differentiable computing 8481:Graphics processing unit 7907:Domain-specific language 7776:Computational complexity 6420:Cooke, Sandra D. 2003. " 5993:The Sovereign Individual 5627:. Retrieved 9 June 2020. 5557:Rider, Fredmont (1944). 4586:"Atari - Arcade/Coin-op" 4457:Williams, J. B. (2017). 3751:plays a crucial role in 3365:home video game consoles 3230:Atanasoff–Berry Computer 3122:point-contact transistor 3078:Technological Revolution 2780:, as the development of 2770:communication satellites 2630:Diffusion of innovations 2539:Research and Development 1958:has vastly exceeded the 1882:Information transmission 1468:United States of America 1317:magazine predicted that 1282:in film and television, 1126:microcomputer revolution 1038:), the first successful 959:point-contact transistor 10453:Depression of 1920–1921 10385:Depression of 1882–1885 10299:Early Victorian Britain 10034:Real and nominal values 9562:Equality before the law 8769:Romano-Germanic culture 8542:Computational chemistry 8476:Photograph manipulation 8367:Artificial intelligence 8183:Decision support system 7035:Computer History Museum 7003:. Horizon House. 1965. 6972:Computer History Museum 6941:Computer History Museum 6910:Computer History Museum 6835:Computer History Museum 6803:Computer History Museum 6771:Computer History Museum 6616:Computer History Museum 6559:Lee, Thomas H. (2003). 6383:Oxford University Press 6316:Harvard Business Review 6285:"Negroponte's articles" 6177:The Information Economy 6146:Fang, Irving E. (1997) 5737:View multimedia content 5663:10.1126/science.1200970 5273:10.1126/science.1200970 4913:File, Thom (May 2013). 4441:Computer History Museum 4341:Computer History Museum 3473:Fairchild Semiconductor 3406: 3287:Fairchild Semiconductor 3118:Julius Edgar Lilienfeld 3116:was first theorized by 3114:field-effect transistor 2988:recession of March 2001 2910:and service workers in 2615:Influences on Karl Marx 2576:three-sector hypothesis 2519:. As such, it acquires 2481:Agricultural Revolution 2424:Agricultural Revolution 1951:in 2016 reported that: 1710:Internet protocol suite 1674: 1661: 1648: 1635: 1622: 1611:in 1986, to some 5,000 1600:History of the Internet 1572:home video game console 1343:The Rescuers Down Under 1094:large-scale integration 1028:Fairchild Semiconductor 880:for economic modeling. 872:for neutron transport, 850:tide-predicting machine 717:advances, which led to 32:Information Age (album) 10558:Recession of 1969–1970 10553:Recession of 1960–1961 10512:Recession of 1937–1938 9724:Eastern European Group 9313:Continental philosophy 9244:Judeo-Christian ethics 9229:Hellenistic philosophy 8710:Cradle of civilization 8607:Educational technology 8438:Reinforcement learning 8188:Process control system 8086:Computational geometry 8076:Algorithmic efficiency 8071:Analysis of algorithms 7726:Systems on Chip (SoCs) 7484:"Kanye West, Sam ...." 7444:Sudo, Shoichi (1997). 6441:Department of Commerce 6357:10.1002/hrm.3930300407 5432:Arms, Michael (2013). 4312:Saxena, Arjun (2009). 4297:Saxena, Arjun (2009). 3942:Digital transformation 3839: 3753:communication networks 3670:Homebrew Computer Club 3662: 3359:Along with electronic 3313:by Mohamed Atalla and 3148:(MOSFET), invented by 3126:Walter Houser Brattain 3069: 2984:information technology 2762:computerized machinery 2473:information revolution 2316: 2280: 1986:information revolution 1977: 1827: 1792:allowed for immediate 1716: 1696: 1568:Nielsen Media Research 1288:bulletin board systems 1249:time-sharing computers 1190: 1078:MOS integrated circuit 1062:at Fairchild in 1963. 967:Walter Houser Brattain 946: 941:cites the creation of 854:differential analysers 800:mechanical calculators 696:information technology 10676:Early 2000s recession 10643:Early 1990s recession 10595:Early 1980s recession 10175:Commercial revolution 10073:Nominal interest rate 9844:Three Seas Initiative 9819:Pacific Islands Forum 9684:British–Irish Council 9432:Greek Orthodox Church 8891:Industrial Revolution 8861:Scientific Revolution 8577:Electronic publishing 8547:Computational biology 8537:Computational physics 8433:Unsupervised learning 8347:Distributed computing 8223:Information retrieval 8130:Mathematical analysis 8120:Mathematical software 8010:Theory of computation 7975:Software construction 7965:Requirements analysis 7843:Software organization 7771:Computer architecture 7741:Hardware acceleration 7706:Printed circuit board 7553:Gelbstein, E. (2006) 7178:John Wiley & Sons 5768:on 16 September 2016. 4076:. Oxford: Blackwell. 3957:Information explosion 3835: 3784:Narinder Singh Kapany 3767:and Information Age. 3749:Optical communication 3734:Further information: 3716:Atari 8-bit computers 3680:, Woz and his friend 3654: 3589:(CCD) sensor and the 3587:charge-coupled device 3528:optical amplification 3421:Computer data storage 3411:Further information: 3269:(IC) was invented by 3204:Before the advent of 3186:Further information: 3102:Further information: 3067: 2948:competitive advantage 2803:and products made of 2689:input-output analysis 2477:Industrial Revolution 2428:Industrial Revolution 2416:Library of Alexandria 2348:Industrial Revolution 2314: 2302:satellite televisions 2278: 1953: 1825: 1818:Computer data storage 1794:access to information 1775:number of transistors 1707: 1690: 1598:Further information: 1413:financial institution 1384:broadcast was of the 1332:Digital ink and paint 1188: 1141:charge-coupled device 1071:pulse-code modulation 993:Digital communication 932: 925:Early mainframe games 839:unit record equipment 804:Industrial Revolution 743:Further information: 692:Industrial Revolution 230:Age of the human race 34:. For publisher, see 10915:Contemporary history 10242:Copper Panic of 1789 9839:Special Relationship 9249:Christian philosophy 9194:Western Christianity 8856:Age of Enlightenment 8730:Hellenistic Kingdoms 8337:Concurrent computing 8309:Ubiquitous computing 8281:Application security 8276:Information security 8105:Discrete mathematics 8081:Randomized algorithm 8033:Computability theory 8018:Model of computation 7990:Software maintenance 7985:Software engineering 7947:Software development 7897:Programming language 7892:Programming paradigm 7809:Network architecture 6175:Porat, M.-U. (1976) 6047:Veneris, Y. (1990). 6027:Veneris, Y. (1984), 5998:Simon & Schuster 5918:. IEEE. pp. v. 5846:Social Media Culture 5764:. Archived from the 4810:"The World Wide Web" 3892:Attention inequality 3846:anti-intellectualism 3593:(complementary MOS) 3469:semiconductor memory 3457:Magnetic-core memory 3305:method developed at 3253:room-sized computers 3210:mechanical computers 3104:Semiconductor device 3001:Information industry 2944:developing countries 2940:globalized workforce 2918:cuts, or settle for 2904:developing countries 2669:creative destruction 2599:means of consumption 2550:white-collar workers 2493:factor of production 2420:Babylonian astronomy 2418:, or the schools of 2064:improve this article 2030:Whole Genome Shotgun 2010:Human Genome Project 1911:exchange information 1906:per person per day. 969:while working under 10578:1973–1975 recession 10522:Post–WWII expansion 10196:Great Frost of 1709 10024:Neutrality of money 10005:Classical dichotomy 9921:Economic expansions 9864:West Nordic Council 9729:Eastern Partnership 9318:Analytic philosophy 9019:Classical tradition 8841:Early modern period 8797:Classical antiquity 8792:European Bronze Age 8612:Document management 8602:Operations research 8527:Enterprise software 8443:Multi-task learning 8428:Supervised learning 8150:Information systems 7980:Software deployment 7937:Software repository 7791:Real-time computing 6619:. 4 December 2013. 6109:Ricardo, D. (1978) 6065:1990EnPlA..22..399V 5988:James Dale Davidson 5655:2011Sci...332...60H 5336:2016TEcoE..31..180G 5264:2011Sci...332...60H 5155:Pew Research Center 5011:Pew Research Center 4843:on 21 December 2018 4623:on 14 February 2015 4518:on 13 February 2021 4316:. pp. 102–103. 3967:Internet governance 3962:Information society 3595:active-pixel sensor 3303:surface passivation 3245:mainframe computers 2790:Nicholas Negroponte 2595:means of production 2574:, according to the 2268:Today, light-based 2163:in 6,500 B.C., the 1980:Genetic information 1796:and the ability to 1526:Video game industry 844:Meanwhile, various 778:Previous inventions 762:gradually replaced 658:(also known as the 305:Classical antiquity 10760:COVID-19 recession 10420:Panic of 1910–1911 10252:Panic of 1796–1797 10078:Real interest rate 10046:Economic expansion 9323:Post-structuralism 9286:Christian humanism 8916:Universal suffrage 8395:Search methodology 8342:Parallel computing 8299:Interaction design 8208:Computing platform 8135:Numerical analysis 8125:Information theory 7917:Software framework 7880:Software notations 7819:Network components 7716:Integrated circuit 7641:2015-10-04 at the 7536:American Scientist 7419:The New York Times 7259:The New York Times 7101: Fujio Masuoka 6697:Lojek, Bo (2007). 6523:The New York Times 6427:2017-06-21 at the 6210:2012-01-18 at the 6155:2012-04-17 at the 5901:, 22(2), 189–194. 5783:2019-06-02 at the 5742:2020-05-24 at the 5721:2020-06-10 at the 5618:2021-09-10 at the 5076:U.S. Census Bureau 4987:on 22 October 2008 4926:U.S. Census Bureau 4592:on 2 November 2014 4337:The Silicon Engine 4002:Telecommunications 3765:Digital Revolution 3757:telecommunications 3730:Optical networking 3663: 3623:Commodore PET 2001 3607:Personal computers 3532:optical networking 3500:computer terminals 3475:in 1964. In 1967, 3465:Harvard University 3447:information theory 3373:personal computers 3267:integrated circuit 3188:Integrated circuit 3132:while working for 3074:Digital Revolution 3070: 2938:In effectuating a 2782:optical networking 2527:, and therefore a 2441:Information Theory 2404:Peripatetic school 2317: 2281: 2270:optical networking 2266:fiber optic cable. 2223:Johannes Gutenberg 1956:Digital technology 1888:broadcast networks 1828: 1790:personal computers 1779:integrated circuit 1759:transmission media 1743:digital technology 1736:analog photographs 1717: 1697: 1564:broadband internet 1458:much more advanced 1447:was not possible. 1417:OP Financial Group 1337:The Little Mermaid 1253:video game console 1243:In the 1970s, the 1191: 1106:computer processor 1082:transistor density 1054:(CMOS) process by 1020:integrated circuit 961:, was invented by 947: 915:1947–1969: Origins 891:, German inventor 858:perpetual calendar 684:Digital Revolution 18:Digital revolution 10836: 10835: 10547:Recession of 1958 10541:Recession of 1953 10535:Recession of 1949 10232:Thirteen Colonies 10039:Velocity of money 9969:Paradox of thrift 9887: 9886: 9714:Council of Europe 9616:International law 9569:Constitutionalism 9427:Eastern Orthodoxy 8933:Post–Cold War era 8866:Age of Revolution 8720:Greco-Roman world 8658: 8657: 8587:Electronic voting 8517:Quantum Computing 8510:Applied computing 8496:Image compression 8266:Hardware security 8256:Security services 8213:Digital marketing 8000:Open-source model 7912:Modeling language 7824:Network scheduler 7516:Mendelson, Edward 6310:Porter, Michael. 6255:"Information Age" 6253:Moursund, David. 5984:William Rees-Mogg 5933:978-1-4673-5250-5 5624:Our World in Data 5444:on 29 March 2014. 4764:. 25 January 2024 4721:. February 1988. 4497:978-0-8194-3698-6 4253:on 13 August 2011 4051:978-0-415-31423-7 3887:Attention economy 3798:optical amplifier 3772:optical amplifier 3559:mobile networking 3441:in 1851 and then 3391:, at first using 3275:Texas Instruments 3234:Colossus computer 3214:Analytical Engine 3158:complementary MOS 3150:Mohamed M. Atalla 3042:financial capital 3036:, investments in 3011:capital-intensive 2980:industrial sector 2966:coupled with net 2829:industrial cities 2738:telecommunication 2665:Joseph Schumpeter 2658:Joseph Schumpeter 2634:market saturation 2584:quaternary sector 2491:Information is a 2140: 2139: 2132: 2114: 2079:"Information Age" 2004:in 1976-1977 and 1870:, reminiscent of 1486:personal computer 1349:Home on the Range 1276:industrial robots 1052:complementary MOS 997:personal computer 979:digital computers 866:network analyzers 820:Analytical Engine 766:formats, such as 709:According to the 704:optical amplifier 688:historical period 652: 651: 604: 603: 596:Political history 221: 209: 179: 175:Pleistocene epoch 135: 134: 131: 130: 16:(Redirected from 10942: 10877: 10876: 10865: 10864: 10853: 10852: 10844: 10628:Great Regression 10623:Great Moderation 10469:Great Depression 10458:Roaring Twenties 9979:Underconsumption 9949:Effective demand 9940:Aggregate demand 9914: 9907: 9900: 9891: 9890: 9759:EU Customs Union 9291:Secular humanism 9239:Christian ethics 9189:East–West Schism 9172:Physical culture 8896:Great Divergence 8846:Age of Discovery 8685: 8678: 8671: 8662: 8661: 8648: 8647: 8638: 8637: 8628: 8627: 8448:Cross-validation 8420:Machine learning 8304:Social computing 8271:Network security 8066:Algorithm design 7995:Programming team 7955:Control variable 7932:Software library 7870:Software quality 7865:Operating system 7814:Network protocol 7679:Computer science 7672: 7665: 7658: 7649: 7648: 7542:Castells, Manuel 7490: 7480: 7474: 7471: 7465: 7464: 7456: 7450: 7449: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7410: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7390:. Archived from 7379: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7167: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7145:ITNews Australia 7136: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7108: 7102: 7100: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7026: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6858: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6723: 6717: 6716: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6678: 6671: 6657: 6651: 6650: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6590: 6565: 6556: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6514: 6508: 6507: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6471:on 29 April 2014 6470: 6450: 6444: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6374: 6368: 6343: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6220: 6214: 6202: 6196: 6186: 6180: 6173: 6167: 6144: 6138: 6128: 6122: 6107: 6101: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6044: 6035: 6025: 6016: 6015: 5980: 5974: 5964: 5958: 5944: 5938: 5937: 5911: 5905: 5895: 5889: 5882: 5876: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5819:Nature Education 5810: 5804: 5797: 5791: 5775: 5769: 5753: 5747: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5696:. Science/AAAS. 5689: 5683: 5682: 5634: 5628: 5602: 5593: 5592: 5586: 5584: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5440:. Archived from 5429: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5408: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5313: 5302: 5301: 5275: 5243: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5182:. Archived from 5176: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5074:(127 ed.). 5069: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4983:. Archived from 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4952: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4922:Washington, D.C. 4919: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4893: 4887:. Archived from 4882: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4702: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4684: 4678:. Archived from 4677: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4649:. Archived from 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4619:. Archived from 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4588:. Archived from 4582: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4514:. Archived from 4508: 4502: 4501: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4454: 4445: 4444: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4329: 4318: 4317: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4301:. pp. x–xi. 4294: 4288: 4287: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4249:. Archived from 4242: 4236: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4131:. Archived from 4120: 4114: 4113: 4105: 4096: 4095: 4069: 4056: 4055: 4033: 3927:Digital dark age 3788:Imperial College 3697:operating system 3601:Electronic paper 3495:memory in 1987. 3439:microphotography 3425:Data compression 3335:rapidly improved 3224:, including the 3134:William Shockley 2698:systems dynamics 2667:called vividly " 2568:secondary sector 2507:), as well as a 2505:land (economics) 2396:Platonic Academy 2364:combustion power 2328:Kondratiev waves 2135: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2115: 2113: 2072: 2048: 2040: 2006:Frederick Sanger 1578:annual industry 1479:developing world 1445:Internet culture 1421:cooperative bank 1303:Motorola DynaTac 1284:electronic music 1265:data entry clerk 1247:was introduced, 1145:Willard S. Boyle 971:William Shockley 903:to break German 878:Phillips Machine 835:Herman Hollerith 833:. In the 1880s, 726:social evolution 702:in 1947 and the 644: 637: 630: 619: 613: 574:Age of Discovery 481: 480: 249:Earliest records 235:Recorded history 211: 199: 171: 169: 158: 137: 136: 127: 114: 107: 60: 43: 42: 21: 10950: 10949: 10945: 10944: 10943: 10941: 10940: 10939: 10935:Western culture 10930:Cultural trends 10920:Historical eras 10895:Information Age 10885: 10884: 10883: 10871: 10859: 10847: 10839: 10837: 10832: 10697:Great Recession 10689: 10687:Information Age 10681: 10630: 10626: 10617: 10570: 10568:Great Inflation 10562: 10524: 10516: 10439: 10437:Interwar period 10431: 10367:Long Depression 10359: 10355: 10346: 10306: 10302: 10293: 10208: 10200: 10177: 10169: 10134:U.S. recessions 10129:U.K. recessions 10061:U.S. expansions 9931: 9918: 9888: 9883: 9849:UKUSA Agreement 9789:Lublin Triangle 9674:Baltic Assembly 9626: 9620: 9538: 9375: 9210: 9080:Eurolinguistics 8949: 8938:Information age 8911:Interwar period 8778: 8698: 8689: 8659: 8654: 8645: 8616: 8597:Word processing 8505: 8491:Virtual reality 8452: 8414: 8385:Computer vision 8361: 8357:Multiprocessing 8323: 8285: 8251:Security hacker 8227: 8203:Digital library 8144: 8095:Mathematics of 8090: 8052: 8028:Automata theory 8023:Formal language 8004: 7970:Software design 7941: 7874: 7860:Virtual machine 7838: 7834:Network service 7795: 7786:Embedded system 7759: 7692: 7681: 7676: 7643:Wayback Machine 7579:Information Age 7571: 7498: 7496:Further reading 7493: 7481: 7477: 7472: 7468: 7457: 7453: 7442: 7438: 7428: 7426: 7411: 7407: 7397: 7395: 7380: 7376: 7366: 7364: 7349: 7345: 7335: 7333: 7324: 7323: 7319: 7309: 7307: 7306:on 18 June 2008 7292: 7291: 7287: 7277: 7275: 7250: 7246: 7236: 7234: 7227: 7211: 7207: 7197: 7195: 7188: 7168: 7164: 7154: 7152: 7137: 7133: 7123: 7121: 7120:. 11 April 2012 7110: 7109: 7105: 7097: 7091: 7090: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7059: 7055: 7045: 7043: 7028: 7027: 7020: 7010: 7008: 6997: 6996: 6992: 6982: 6980: 6965: 6964: 6960: 6950: 6948: 6935: 6934: 6930: 6920: 6918: 6903: 6902: 6898: 6888: 6886: 6879: 6859: 6855: 6845: 6843: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6813: 6811: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6781: 6779: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6749: 6747: 6740: 6724: 6720: 6713: 6705:. p. 120. 6695: 6691: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6669: 6658: 6654: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6626: 6624: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6582: 6563: 6557: 6550: 6540: 6538: 6515: 6511: 6488: 6484: 6474: 6472: 6451: 6447: 6433:Digital Economy 6429:Wayback Machine 6419: 6415: 6394: 6390: 6375: 6371: 6344: 6335: 6325: 6323: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6292: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6268: 6266: 6251: 6247: 6237: 6235: 6230:. August 2008. 6222: 6221: 6217: 6212:Wayback Machine 6203: 6199: 6195:, Princeton UP. 6187: 6183: 6174: 6170: 6157:Wayback Machine 6145: 6141: 6129: 6125: 6108: 6104: 6092: 6088: 6073:10.1068/a220399 6045: 6038: 6026: 6019: 6012: 5981: 5977: 5967:Wiener, Norbert 5965: 5961: 5945: 5941: 5934: 5912: 5908: 5896: 5892: 5883: 5879: 5867: 5863: 5856: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5811: 5807: 5798: 5794: 5785:Wayback Machine 5776: 5772: 5754: 5750: 5744:Wayback Machine 5723:Wayback Machine 5713: 5709: 5690: 5686: 5649:(6025): 60–65. 5635: 5631: 5620:Wayback Machine 5603: 5596: 5582: 5580: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5516: 5514: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5489: 5487: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5464: 5462: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5410: 5409: 5400: 5390: 5388: 5384: 5383: 5379: 5369: 5367: 5314: 5305: 5258:(6025): 60–65. 5244: 5225: 5215: 5213: 5203: 5199: 5189: 5187: 5186:on 23 June 2011 5178: 5177: 5170: 5160: 5158: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5134: 5132: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4979: 4978: 4974: 4964: 4962: 4950: 4944: 4940: 4930: 4928: 4917: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4894:on 6 March 2009 4891: 4880: 4874: 4870: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4820: 4818: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4781: 4777: 4767: 4765: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4696: 4695: 4688: 4686: 4685:on 2 April 2013 4682: 4675: 4673:"Archived copy" 4671: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4654: 4653:on 6 March 2016 4641: 4640: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4564:ICTerGezocht.nl 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4482: 4478: 4471: 4455: 4448: 4435: 4434: 4430: 4420: 4418: 4382: 4378: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4331: 4330: 4321: 4310: 4306: 4295: 4291: 4284: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4230: 4220: 4218: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4193: 4191: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4135:on 19 July 2013 4123:Kluver, Randy. 4121: 4117: 4106: 4099: 4084: 4070: 4059: 4052: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4021: 3982:Network society 3947:Imagination age 3860: 3826: 3746: 3732: 3714:introduced its 3661: 3649: 3643: 3615: 3609: 3597:(CMOS sensor). 3583:digital imaging 3563:digital cameras 3435: 3429:Internet access 3417:Computer memory 3409: 3361:arcade machines 3350:Masatoshi Shima 3331:Federico Faggin 3251:. These large, 3202: 3184: 3176:Main articles: 3174: 3106: 3100: 3088:Main articles: 3086: 3062: 3050:Mark Zuckerberg 3034:classical model 3003: 2997: 2956: 2888:data processing 2813: 2750: 2716:Information Age 2685: 2642:Kondratiev wave 2638:business cycles 2572:tertiary sector 2469: 2388: 2257:global networks 2136: 2125: 2119: 2116: 2073: 2071: 2061: 2049: 2038: 2018:Myriad Genetics 1982: 1936: 1884: 1820: 1812:Main articles: 1810: 1786:computing power 1751:digital imaging 1749:microform with 1722: 1714:Internet access 1702: 1677: 1664: 1651: 1638: 1625: 1602: 1596: 1584:Cloud computing 1540: 1504:Main articles: 1502: 1490:internet access 1475:developed world 1397:Marc Andreessen 1371:Tim Berners-Lee 1368: 1358: 1324:The first true 1231:internetworking 1203:Packet switched 1183: 1161: 1149:George E. Smith 1143:, developed by 1137:digital cameras 1110:Federico Faggin 1102:microprocessors 927: 917: 874:Project Cyclone 846:analog computer 816:Charles Babbage 780: 747: 741: 656:Information Age 648: 617: 611: 606: 605: 600: 560: 559: 550: 536: 517: 498: 497: 478: 468: 467: 466: 450: 436: 427: 413: 399: 398: 388: 378: 377: 376: 367: 353: 334: 315: 314: 295: 275: 265: 264: 263: 244: 225: 224: 210: 198: 190: 167: 156: 105: 94: 90: 71: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10948: 10938: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10910:Digital divide 10907: 10902: 10897: 10882: 10881: 10869: 10857: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10830: 10829: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10816:United Kingdom 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10757: 10756: 10755: 10750: 10748:United Kingdom 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10693: 10691: 10690:(2007–present) 10683: 10682: 10680: 10679: 10673: 10668: 10667: 10666: 10661: 10659:United Kingdom 10656: 10651: 10640: 10634: 10632: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10614: 10613: 10608: 10606:United Kingdom 10603: 10592: 10591: 10590: 10585: 10583:United Kingdom 10574: 10572: 10564: 10563: 10561: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10544: 10538: 10532: 10528: 10526: 10518: 10517: 10515: 10514: 10509: 10508: 10507: 10502: 10500:United Kingdom 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10466: 10463: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10443: 10441: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10429: 10423: 10417: 10411: 10405: 10402: 10396: 10390: 10387: 10382: 10381: 10380: 10375: 10373:United Kingdom 10363: 10361: 10348: 10347: 10345: 10344: 10338: 10332: 10329: 10323: 10320: 10314: 10310: 10308: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10291: 10285: 10282: 10279: 10273: 10270: 10264: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10249: 10239: 10236: 10235: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10212: 10210: 10202: 10201: 10199: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10181: 10179: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10166: 10165: 10155: 10154: 10153: 10148: 10138: 10137: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10091: 10090: 10089: 10080: 10075: 10065: 10064: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10043: 10042: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9988: 9986:Business cycle 9983: 9982: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9964:Overproduction 9961: 9956: 9951: 9936: 9933: 9932: 9917: 9916: 9909: 9902: 9894: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9881: 9879:Westernization 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9859:Visegrád Group 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9799:Nordic Council 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9694:Bucharest Nine 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9659:Arctic Council 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9630: 9628: 9622: 9621: 9619: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9607: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9571: 9566: 9565: 9564: 9554: 9548: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9525: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9503: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9457: 9456: 9455: 9454: 9453: 9443: 9442: 9441: 9436: 9435: 9434: 9424: 9423: 9422: 9412: 9411: 9410: 9385: 9383: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9373: 9372: 9371: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9350: 9349: 9337: 9336: 9335: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9294: 9293: 9288: 9278: 9277: 9276: 9269:Existentialism 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9220: 9218: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9208: 9207: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9181: 9180: 9179: 9169: 9168: 9167: 9162: 9152: 9151: 9150: 9140: 9135: 9134: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9113: 9112: 9111: 9101: 9100: 9099: 9089: 9088: 9087: 9082: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9056: 9055: 9045: 9040: 9039: 9038: 9028: 9027: 9026: 9016: 9015: 9014: 9004: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8987: 8982: 8981: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8959: 8957: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8945: 8940: 8930: 8929: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8833: 8828: 8827: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8806: 8805: 8804: 8802:Late antiquity 8794: 8788: 8786: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8755: 8754: 8753: 8752: 8747: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8717: 8712: 8706: 8704: 8700: 8699: 8688: 8687: 8680: 8673: 8665: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8652: 8642: 8632: 8621: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8513: 8511: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8503: 8501:Solid modeling 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8462: 8460: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8424: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8400:Control method 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8371: 8369: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8359: 8354: 8352:Multithreading 8349: 8344: 8339: 8333: 8331: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8295: 8293: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8246:Formal methods 8243: 8237: 8235: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8225: 8220: 8218:World Wide Web 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8154: 8152: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8101: 8099: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8062: 8060: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8014: 8012: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7951: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7888: 7886: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7805: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7767: 7765: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7757: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7702: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7675: 7674: 7667: 7660: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7633: 7628: 7618: 7612: 7606: 7600: 7594: 7588: 7582: 7570: 7569:External links 7567: 7566: 7565: 7551: 7539: 7526: 7513: 7511:978-3658117580 7497: 7494: 7492: 7491: 7475: 7466: 7451: 7436: 7405: 7394:on 6 June 2012 7374: 7343: 7317: 7285: 7262:. p. D4. 7244: 7225: 7205: 7186: 7162: 7131: 7103: 7084: 7053: 7018: 6990: 6958: 6928: 6896: 6877: 6853: 6821: 6789: 6757: 6738: 6718: 6711: 6689: 6652: 6634: 6602: 6580: 6548: 6509: 6498:(5): 371–395. 6482: 6459:SERI Quarterly 6445: 6413: 6388: 6369: 6351:30(4):535–38. 6333: 6302: 6276: 6245: 6215: 6197: 6181: 6168: 6159:, Focal Press 6139: 6123: 6102: 6086: 6059:(3): 399–416. 6036: 6017: 6011:978-0684832722 6010: 5975: 5959: 5947:Shannon, C. E. 5939: 5932: 5906: 5890: 5877: 5861: 5855:978-9553067432 5854: 5836: 5805: 5792: 5770: 5748: 5707: 5684: 5629: 5609:Hannah Ritchie 5594: 5564: 5549: 5524: 5497: 5472: 5447: 5424: 5398: 5377: 5330:(3): 180–189. 5303: 5223: 5197: 5168: 5157:. 7 April 2021 5142: 5117: 5089: 5056: 5024: 5013:. 7 April 2021 4998: 4972: 4961:. p. 4002 4955:Alexandria, VA 4938: 4905: 4868: 4854: 4828: 4801: 4775: 4749: 4728: 4710: 4664: 4634: 4603: 4577: 4550: 4529: 4503: 4496: 4476: 4469: 4446: 4428: 4376: 4358: 4319: 4304: 4289: 4282: 4264: 4237: 4228: 4201: 4176: 4146: 4115: 4097: 4083:978-0631215943 4082: 4057: 4050: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3937:Digital divide 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3912:Cyberterrorism 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3825: 3822: 3780:Harold Hopkins 3776:optical fibers 3731: 3728: 3708:floating point 3686:Apple Computer 3655: 3645:Main article: 3642: 3639: 3611:Main article: 3608: 3605: 3539:MOSFET scaling 3520:World Wide Web 3408: 3405: 3369:Nolan Bushnell 3311:MOS transistor 3299:Mohamed Atalla 3291:planar process 3196:Microprocessor 3173: 3170: 3085: 3082: 3061: 3058: 2999:Main article: 2996: 2993: 2955: 2952: 2812: 2809: 2786:microcomputers 2749: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2734: 2731: 2704:computer model 2684: 2681: 2677:Irving E. Fang 2673: 2672: 2661: 2652:(9 years) and 2622: 2591: 2564:primary sector 2560: 2557: 2546: 2535: 2532: 2525:exchange value 2489: 2468: 2465: 2387: 2384: 2148:Industrial Age 2138: 2137: 2052: 2050: 2043: 2037: 2034: 1998:Walter Gilbert 1996:, invented by 1994:DNA sequencing 1981: 1978: 1935: 1932: 1894:of (optimally 1883: 1880: 1862:The amount of 1809: 1806: 1765:, potentially- 1721: 1718: 1701: 1698: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1624: 1621: 1595: 1592: 1501: 1498: 1481:in the 2000s. 1464:Text messaging 1411:was the first 1393:World Wide Web 1386:1990 World Cup 1375:World Wide Web 1357: 1354: 1326:digital camera 1261:Space Invaders 1160: 1157: 1069:for long-haul 1044:Mohamed Atalla 1032:planar process 1009:digitalization 1001:Claude Shannon 999:in the 1970s. 916: 913: 909:Harvard Mark I 905:Enigma machine 860:machines, the 779: 776: 772:cassette tapes 752:digital signal 740: 737: 650: 649: 647: 646: 639: 632: 624: 621: 620: 608: 607: 602: 601: 599: 598: 593: 588: 587: 586: 576: 570: 567: 566: 562: 561: 558: 557: 551: 549: 548: 543: 541:Southeast Asia 537: 535: 534: 529: 524: 518: 516: 515: 510: 505: 499: 496: 495: 490: 484: 479: 474: 473: 470: 469: 465: 464: 463: 462: 451: 449: 448: 443: 441:Southeast Asia 437: 435: 434: 428: 426: 425: 420: 414: 412: 411: 406: 400: 397: 396: 390: 389: 384: 383: 380: 379: 375: 374: 368: 366: 365: 360: 358:Southeast Asia 354: 352: 351: 346: 341: 335: 333: 332: 327: 322: 316: 313: 312: 310:Late antiquity 307: 302: 296: 294: 293: 288: 283: 277: 276: 271: 270: 267: 266: 262: 261: 256: 251: 245: 243: 242: 232: 226: 223: 222: 192: 191: 186: 185: 182: 181: 153: 152: 146: 145: 133: 132: 129: 128: 118: 99: 98: 85: 81: 80: 77: 73: 72: 61: 53: 52: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10947: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10925:Postmodernism 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10900:Digital media 10898: 10896: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10845: 10842: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10821:United States 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10763: 10762: 10761: 10758: 10754: 10753:United States 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10700: 10699: 10698: 10695: 10694: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10665: 10664:United States 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10646: 10645: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10629: 10624: 10620: 10612: 10611:United States 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10598: 10597: 10596: 10593: 10589: 10588:United States 10586: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10569: 10565: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10548: 10545: 10542: 10539: 10536: 10533: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10523: 10519: 10513: 10510: 10506: 10505:United States 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10472: 10471: 10470: 10467: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10448: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10438: 10434: 10427: 10424: 10421: 10418: 10415: 10414:Panic of 1907 10412: 10409: 10408:Panic of 1901 10406: 10403: 10400: 10399:Panic of 1893 10397: 10394: 10393:Baring crisis 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10379: 10378:United States 10376: 10374: 10370: 10369: 10368: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10358: 10353: 10349: 10342: 10339: 10336: 10335:Panic of 1866 10333: 10330: 10327: 10326:Panic of 1857 10324: 10321: 10318: 10317:Panic of 1847 10315: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10305: 10300: 10296: 10289: 10288:Panic of 1837 10286: 10283: 10280: 10277: 10276:Panic of 1825 10274: 10271: 10268: 10265: 10262: 10259: 10256: 10253: 10250: 10247: 10246:Panic of 1792 10243: 10240: 10237: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10219: 10218: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10207: 10203: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10191:Slump of 1706 10189: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10176: 10172: 10164: 10161: 10160: 10159: 10156: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10143: 10142: 10139: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10099:Balance sheet 10097: 10096: 10095: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10070: 10069: 10068:Interest rate 10066: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10048: 10047: 10044: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9945: 9941: 9938: 9937: 9934: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9915: 9910: 9908: 9903: 9901: 9896: 9895: 9892: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9824:PROSUR/PROSUL 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9719:Craiova Group 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9634:ABCANZ Armies 9632: 9631: 9629: 9623: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9576: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9563: 9560: 9559: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9545: 9541: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9482: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9461: 9458: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9447: 9444: 9440: 9439:Protestantism 9437: 9433: 9430: 9429: 9428: 9425: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9416: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9402: 9401: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9382: 9378: 9370: 9367: 9366: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9359:Sovereigntism 9357: 9355: 9352: 9348: 9347: 9343: 9342: 9341: 9338: 9334: 9331: 9330: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9282: 9279: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9254:Scholasticism 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9213: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9185: 9182: 9178: 9175: 9174: 9173: 9170: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9157: 9156: 9153: 9149: 9146: 9145: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9117: 9114: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9105: 9102: 9098: 9095: 9094: 9093: 9090: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9054: 9051: 9050: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9037: 9034: 9033: 9032: 9029: 9025: 9022: 9021: 9020: 9017: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8992: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8965: 8964: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8952: 8944: 8943:War on terror 8941: 8939: 8936: 8935: 8934: 8931: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8838: 8837: 8836:Modern period 8834: 8832: 8829: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8811: 8810: 8807: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8781: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8742: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8701: 8697: 8693: 8692:Western world 8686: 8681: 8679: 8674: 8672: 8667: 8666: 8663: 8651: 8643: 8641: 8633: 8631: 8623: 8622: 8619: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8508: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8486:Mixed reality 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8455: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8417: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8372: 8370: 8368: 8364: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8334: 8332: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8319:Accessibility 8317: 8315: 8314:Visualization 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8288: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8230: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8147: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8093: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8055: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8007: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7841: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7781:Dependability 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7762: 7756: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7695: 7690: 7684: 7680: 7673: 7668: 7666: 7661: 7659: 7654: 7653: 7650: 7644: 7640: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7626: 7622: 7619: 7616: 7613: 7610: 7607: 7604: 7601: 7598: 7595: 7592: 7589: 7587:by Dave Ulmer 7586: 7583: 7580: 7576: 7573: 7572: 7564: 7563:99932-53-17-0 7560: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7544:. (1996–98). 7543: 7540: 7537: 7533: 7532: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7518:(June 2016). 7517: 7514: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7488: 7485: 7479: 7470: 7462: 7455: 7447: 7440: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7409: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7362: 7359:. p. 9. 7358: 7354: 7347: 7331: 7327: 7321: 7305: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7289: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7255: 7248: 7232: 7228: 7226:9780674029392 7222: 7218: 7217: 7209: 7193: 7189: 7187:9781119523536 7183: 7179: 7175: 7174: 7166: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7135: 7119: 7118: 7113: 7107: 7094: 7088: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7063:"Unsung hero" 7057: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7025: 7023: 7006: 7002: 7001: 6994: 6978: 6974: 6973: 6968: 6962: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6916: 6912: 6911: 6906: 6900: 6884: 6880: 6878:9781107052406 6874: 6871:. p. 2. 6870: 6866: 6865: 6857: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6825: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6799: 6793: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6761: 6745: 6741: 6739:9780801886393 6735: 6731: 6730: 6722: 6714: 6712:9783540342588 6708: 6704: 6700: 6693: 6675: 6668: 6667: 6666:Nobel lecture 6662: 6656: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6612: 6606: 6587: 6583: 6581:9781139643771 6577: 6573: 6569: 6562: 6555: 6553: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6513: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6486: 6469: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6423: 6417: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6392: 6384: 6380: 6373: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6306: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6249: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6201: 6194: 6190: 6185: 6178: 6172: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6143: 6136: 6132: 6127: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6099: 6095: 6090: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6043: 6041: 6033: 6030: 6024: 6022: 6013: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5989: 5985: 5979: 5972: 5968: 5963: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5943: 5935: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5910: 5904: 5900: 5894: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5857: 5851: 5847: 5840: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5809: 5802: 5796: 5789: 5786: 5782: 5779: 5774: 5767: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5752: 5745: 5741: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5720: 5717: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5688: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5601: 5599: 5591: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5560: 5553: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5501: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5443: 5439: 5438:Computer User 5435: 5428: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5387: 5381: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5212: 5208: 5201: 5185: 5181: 5175: 5173: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5093: 5077: 5073: 5066: 5060: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5028: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4960: 4956: 4949: 4942: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4909: 4890: 4886: 4885:Census Bureau 4879: 4872: 4864: 4858: 4842: 4838: 4832: 4817: 4816: 4811: 4805: 4790: 4786: 4779: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4738: 4732: 4725: 4724:CD-ROM disks. 4720: 4714: 4706: 4700: 4681: 4674: 4668: 4652: 4648: 4647:pagetable.com 4644: 4638: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4607: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4565: 4561: 4554: 4539: 4533: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4499: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4480: 4472: 4470:9783319490885 4466: 4462: 4461: 4453: 4451: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4391:IEEE Spectrum 4387: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4315: 4308: 4300: 4293: 4285: 4279: 4275: 4268: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4232: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4205: 4190: 4186: 4180: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4111: 4104: 4102: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4053: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4028: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4007:Zettabyte Era 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3932:Digital detox 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3796:invented the 3795: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3744:Optical fiber 3741: 3737: 3727: 3724: 3719: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3678:the Byte Shop 3675: 3671: 3667: 3666:Steve Wozniak 3659: 3653: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3614: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3579:image sensors 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3485:Fujio Masuoka 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3452: 3451:Hamming codes 3448: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3397:magnetic tape 3394: 3393:punched cards 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3377:Commodore PET 3374: 3370: 3367:pioneered by 3366: 3362: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3325:in 1962. The 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3293:developed by 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3277:in 1958. The 3276: 3272: 3268: 3265: 3260: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3183: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3166:Chih-Tang Sah 3163: 3162:Frank Wanlass 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3066: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3002: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2972:manufacturing 2969: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2934: 2929: 2928:United States 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2884:assembly line 2881: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2796: 2795:Being Digital 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2778:world economy 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2712: 2711:Fritz Machlup 2707: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2680: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2646:Kuznets swing 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2609:model of the 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2515:, that is, a 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2372:communication 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2321:Schumpeterian 2313: 2309: 2307: 2306:mobile phones 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2255:to power the 2254: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2230:Great Britain 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2157:Yangtze River 2152: 2149: 2145: 2144:Neolithic Age 2134: 2131: 2123: 2120:February 2024 2112: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2081: – 2080: 2076: 2075:Find sources: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2053:This section 2051: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1931: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1868:exponentially 1865: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1726:Fremont Rider 1715: 1711: 1706: 1694: 1691:A university 1689: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1497: 1495: 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960: 956: 952: 944: 940: 936: 931: 926: 922: 912: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 775: 773: 769: 768:vinyl records 765: 761: 760:compact discs 756: 753: 746: 736: 734: 729: 727: 723: 720: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676:New Media Age 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 645: 640: 638: 633: 631: 626: 625: 623: 622: 616: 610: 609: 597: 594: 592: 589: 585: 584:Postmodernity 582: 581: 580: 577: 575: 572: 571: 569: 568: 564: 563: 556: 553: 552: 547: 544: 542: 539: 538: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 519: 514: 513:South America 511: 509: 508:North America 506: 504: 501: 500: 494: 491: 489: 486: 485: 483: 482: 477: 472: 471: 461: 458: 457: 456: 453: 452: 447: 444: 442: 439: 438: 433: 430: 429: 424: 421: 419: 416: 415: 410: 407: 405: 402: 401: 395: 392: 391: 387: 386:Postclassical 382: 381: 373: 370: 369: 364: 361: 359: 356: 355: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 331: 330:South America 328: 326: 325:North America 323: 321: 318: 317: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 297: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 278: 274: 269: 268: 260: 259:Proto-writing 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 246: 240: 236: 233: 231: 228: 227: 219: 215: 208: 207: 203: 197: 194: 193: 189: 184: 183: 178: 177: 176: 165: 161: 155: 154: 151: 150:Human history 148: 147: 143: 139: 138: 126: 122: 117: 113: 108: 104: 100: 97: 93: 89: 86: 82: 78: 74: 69: 65: 59: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 10905:Hyperreality 10738:South Africa 10686: 10495:South Africa 10341:Black Friday 10158:Unemployment 10015:Money supply 10010:Disinflation 9954:General glut 9869:Western Bloc 9669:AUSCANNZUKUS 9625:Contemporary 9574:Human rights 9420:Latin Church 9394:Christianity 9344: 9303:Conservatism 9148:contemporary 8985:Architecture 8937: 8921:World War II 8881:Emancipation 8876:Abolitionism 8764:Romanization 8759:Roman legacy 8740:Roman Empire 8582:Cyberwarfare 8241:Cryptography 7578: 7554: 7545: 7529: 7519: 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Retrieved 4133:the original 4128: 4118: 4109: 4073: 4037: 4031: 3917:Cyberwarfare 3851:The Atlantic 3849: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3827: 3794:Gordon Gould 3792: 3769: 3747: 3740:Image sensor 3720: 3705: 3690: 3664: 3656:April 1977: 3630: 3616: 3599: 3537: 3497: 3455: 3436: 3433:Social media 3401:floppy disks 3399:, and later 3385:data sharing 3358: 3346:Marcian Hoff 3339: 3327:silicon-gate 3289:, using the 3283:Robert Noyce 3261: 3257:manipulation 3242: 3222:vacuum tubes 3218:World War II 3203: 3130:John Bardeen 3107: 3071: 3031: 3004: 2964:productivity 2957: 2937: 2880:middle class 2877: 2873:world market 2833:working time 2814: 2793: 2766:fiber optics 2752:Eventually, 2751: 2721: 2715: 2708: 2686: 2674: 2650:Juglar cycle 2648:(18 years), 2644:(54 years), 2545:) functions. 2511:sold in the 2495:(along with 2472: 2470: 2449: 2439: 2433: 2389: 2318: 2282: 2250: 2234:steam engine 2227: 2212: 2202: 2153: 2141: 2126: 2117: 2107: 2100: 2093: 2086: 2074: 2062:Please help 2057:verification 2054: 2014:gene testing 1983: 1954: 1946: 1937: 1908: 1885: 1876:Kryder's law 1864:digital data 1861: 1829: 1814:Data storage 1783: 1740: 1730:miniaturized 1723: 1693:computer lab 1606: 1603: 1541: 1510:Social media 1494:mobile phone 1483: 1472: 1462: 1452: 1449: 1429:mass culture 1390: 1379: 1369: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1330: 1323: 1312: 1311: 1300: 1296: 1269: 1242: 1235: 1192: 1155:technology. 1130: 1114:silicon-gate 1075: 1064: 1024:Robert Noyce 1017: 1012: 991: 963:John Bardeen 948: 939:Philadelphia 882: 843: 824: 808:arithmometer 781: 757: 748: 730: 708: 683: 680:Internet Age 679: 675: 671: 667: 664:Computer Age 663: 659: 655: 653: 618: 493:Contemporary 488:Early modern 254:Protohistory 206:Contemporary 200: 173: 172: 168: 102: 51:1947–Present 40: 10806:New Zealand 10764:2020–2022; 10728:New Zealand 10701:2007–2009; 10647:1990–1991; 10631:(1982–2007) 10599:1980–1982; 10571:(1973–1982) 10549:(1957–1958) 10543:(1953–1954) 10537:(1948–1949) 10525:(1945–1973) 10490:New Zealand 10473:1929–1939; 10449:(1918–1919) 10440:(1918–1939) 10422:(1910–1912) 10416:(1907–1908) 10410:(1902–1904) 10401:(1893–1897) 10395:(1890–1891) 10371:1873–1879; 10360:(1870–1914) 10343:(1869–1870) 10337:(1865–1867) 10328:(1857–1858) 10319:(1847–1848) 10307:(1840–1870) 10278:(1825–1826) 10269:(1815–1821) 10254:(1796–1799) 10248:(1789–1793) 10220:1772–1774; 10209:(1760–1840) 10187:(1430–1490) 10185:Great Slump 10178:(1000–1760) 10124:Stagflation 10083:Yield curve 10029:Price level 9809:Open Balkan 9627:integration 9557:Rule of law 9552:Natural law 9529:Agnosticism 9507:Hellenistic 9485:Anglo-Saxon 9415:Catholicism 9354:Atlanticism 9259:Rationalism 9065:Immigration 9048:Esotericism 8906:World War I 8871:Romanticism 8851:Reformation 8831:Renaissance 8809:Middle Ages 8774:Christendom 8703:Foundations 8592:Video games 8572:Digital art 8329:Concurrency 8198:Data mining 8110:Probability 7850:Interpreter 7577: – at 7505:, Springer 7461:Forbes ASAP 7398:13 February 7367:13 February 7278:9 September 7011:12 November 6661:Kilby, Jack 6541:20 December 6326:9 September 6189:Machlup, F. 5971:Cybernetics 5583:27 November 5490:19 February 5465:19 February 5104:VentureBeat 4931:11 February 4847:21 December 4768:16 February 4689:20 December 3712:Atari, Inc. 3571:smartphones 3543:Moore's law 3504:peripherals 3477:Dawon Kahng 3315:Dawon Kahng 3301:'s silicon 3295:Jean Hoerni 3212:, like the 3206:electronics 3200:Moore's law 3154:Dawon Kahng 3084:Transistors 3060:Innovations 3029:increases. 2900:outsourcing 2896:supervision 2869:consultants 2865:journalists 2756:(ICT)—i.e. 2580:Colin Clark 2554:bureaucracy 2451:Cybernetics 2392:information 2376:stored data 2368:information 2253:electricity 2246:Eli Whitney 2189:hieroglyphs 2173:Mesopotamia 2002:Allan Maxam 1934:Computation 1874:. As such, 1872:Moore's law 1777:in a dense 1771:Moore's law 1615:in 2014 (5 1556:Netherlands 1454:Cell phones 1403:introduced 1346:and 2004's 1259:began with 1238:Whole Earth 1090:Moore's law 1048:Dawon Kahng 1036:Jean Hoerni 893:Konrad Zuse 722:information 672:Silicon Age 668:Digital Age 460:Renaissance 10889:Categories 10867:Technology 10771:Bangladesh 10708:Bangladesh 10352:Gilded Age 10104:Depression 10056:Stagnation 9829:Rio Treaty 9340:Relativism 9298:Liberalism 9264:Empiricism 9216:Philosophy 9204:Secularism 9155:Philosophy 9092:Literature 8886:Capitalism 8650:Glossaries 8522:E-commerce 8115:Statistics 8058:Algorithms 7855:Middleware 7711:Peripheral 7429:5 December 7336:18 January 7198:31 October 7155:5 December 7093:US 4531203 6269:4 December 6238:4 December 6165:0240802543 6119:0486434613 6000:. p. 5829:5 December 5726:IDC iView. 5605:Roser, Max 5070:(Report). 5044:Condé Nast 4566:(in Dutch) 4421:13 October 4283:0252725484 4169:17 October 4159:thought.co 4024:References 3987:Social Age 3952:Indigo Era 3907:Cybercrime 3810:Ciena Corp 3682:Steve Jobs 3493:NAND flash 3354:Stan Mazor 3342:Intel 4004 3271:Jack Kilby 3110:transistor 3090:Transistor 3023:capitalism 3019:productive 2960:automation 2933:job market 2908:production 2892:management 2861:executives 2857:scientists 2853:professors 2821:job market 2701:simulation 2448:'s (1948) 2438:'s (1949) 2380:algorithms 2324:long waves 2294:television 2286:newspapers 2242:cotton gin 2238:James Watt 2167:region of 2165:Nile River 2090:newspapers 1904:newspapers 1900:zettabytes 1896:compressed 1849:zettabytes 1832:compressed 1712:to global 1617:zettabytes 1588:smartphone 1552:Luxembourg 1514:Smartphone 1360:See also: 1163:See also: 1118:Intel 4004 951:transistor 919:See also: 812:punch card 796:slide rule 792:equatorium 719:modernized 700:transistor 591:Futurology 532:South Asia 432:South Asia 349:South Asia 286:Bronze Age 281:Copper Age 239:Common Era 214:10,000 BCE 160:Prehistory 103:Chronology 88:transistor 84:Key events 10811:Singapore 10766:Australia 10743:Sri Lanka 10703:Australia 10649:Australia 10475:Australia 10465:1926–1927 10462:1923–1924 10428:(1913–14) 10404:1899–1900 10260:1807–1810 10257:1802–1804 10238:1785–1788 10163:Sahm rule 10094:Recession 9995:Inflation 9991:Deflation 9774:Five Eyes 9769:EU–UK TCA 9611:Democracy 9500:Old Norse 9389:Abrahamic 9346:Peritrope 9328:Tolerance 9308:Socialism 9138:Mythology 9126:Classical 9075:Languages 9053:Astrology 8901:Modernism 8715:Old World 8471:Rendering 8466:Animation 8097:computing 8048:Semantics 7746:Processor 7268:0362-4331 7237:11 August 6531:0362-4331 6365:1099-050X 6259:IAE-Pedia 6094:Clark, C. 6081:144963523 5951:W. 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