40:
433:
419:
405:
391:
264:("gypsy") by saying that the dictionary tries to reflect actual usage, and that nothing is changed by removing the definition from the dictionary, education must be used to eradicate inappropriate usages. However, after refusing to change some definitions, they were ultimately changed. See the section
240:
cultivate and stabilise the purity and elegance of the
Castilian language, removing all the errors in words, modes of speech, and syntax that have been introduced by ignorance, vain affectation, carelessness, and the excessive freedom to innovate. It will be used to distinguish foreign words, phrases
762:
cultivar y fijar la pureza y elegancia de la lengua castellana, desterrando todos los errores que, en sus vocablos, en sus modos de hablar o en la construcción ha introducido la ignorancia, la vana afectación, el descuido y la demasiada libertad de innovar. Será su empleo distinguir los vocablos,
547:
is actually used with the meaning of "trickster" in
Spanish, and that the dictionary documents the actual use of words; inappropriate use has to be eradicated by education, removing the word from the dictionary does not change its use: "we simply photograph the landscape; we do not create it".
357:
Historically, the decision to add, modify, or delete words from the dictionary has been made by the RAE, in consultation with other language authorities (especially in Latin
America) when there was an uncertainty. This process continued between 1780 and 1992, but, since the 1992 edition, RAE
454:
was published exclusively on paper. The 2001, twenty-second edition was published on paper, CD-ROM, and on the
Internet with free access. The 23rd edition of 2014 was made available online with free access, incorporating modifications to be included in the twenty-fourth print edition.
207:
and subsequent editions have been published about once a decade. The twenty-third edition was published in 2014; it is available on-line, incorporating modifications to be included in the twenty-fourth print edition.
17:
763:
frases o construcciones extranjeras de las propias, las anticuadas de las usadas, las bajas y rústicas de las cortesanas y levantadas, las burlescas de las serias y, finalmente, las propias de las figuradas.
507:
is no exception. Christianity and
Catholicism were described in favourable terms; Judaism, Islam, and Protestantism unfavourably. By 2021 few biased definitions remained in the updated online
1100:
241:
and constructions from our own, the outdated from the current, the low and rustic from the courtly and elevated, burlesque from seriousness, and, finally, the accurate from the inaccurate.
522:(synagogue) was: "a meeting for illicit ends"; the nominal definition of 'synagogue' was given first, and the pejorative definition was so identified. This had been removed by 2021.
292:). According to its prologue, the dictionary was published for general public access during the long time between the publishing of the first and second editions of the exhaustive
518:
In 2006, the
Spanish Federation of Jewish Communities complained that some of the dictionary's entries and definitions about Judaism were racist and offensive. One definition of
211:
The dictionary was created to maintain the linguistic purity of the
Spanish language; unlike many English-language dictionaries, it is intended to be authoritative and
672:
814:
648:
296:, thus offering a cheaper reference book. By the time the second edition was published, it had become the principal dictionary, superseding its ancestor.
691:
374:
The editions are listed on the RAE Web site, and the forewords of former editions can be accessed from there. Some editions, including the 1726–1739
200:
256:
Despite this policy, in the 21st century the
Academy has responded to criticism about definitions considered to be derogatory or racist such as
1219:
934:
796:
253:(it unifies, cleans, and stabilises). In 1995 it was still expected to "establish and spread the criteria of propriety and correctness".
870:
844:
332:
327:), and "ll" entries after "l". Also in 1803, the letter "x" was replaced with "j" when it had the same pronunciation as "j", and the
1251:
1280:
738:
358:
committees, the
Instituto de Lexicografía, and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language—which specifically deals with
319:) to the Spanish alphabet as separate, discrete letters. Entries starting with "ch" were placed after all the "c" entries (so
614:
548:
However, in
November 2014 it was announced that the definition was to be modified, and in October 2015 it was changed, with
543:: "one who practices deceit" or "one who tricks", is offensive and could encourage racism. The RAE responded that the word
1336:
1101:"RAE no censurará la acepción polémica de 'gitano' pero buscará fórmulas para que se entienda su significado peyorativo"
555:
RAE also defined "woman" as the "weak sex". In November 2017, the term was examined and one month later it was changed.
286:
Diccionario de la lengua castellana compuesto por la Real Academia Española, reducido á un tomo para su más fácil uso
664:
354:; contemporary editions do so concisely. The earliest editions had "x" entries that no longer appear individually.
552:
included in the definitions in the updated online dictionary, but labelled "used as offensive or discriminatory".
290:
Dictionary of the Castilian tongue composed by the Royal Spanish Academy, reduced to one volume for its easier use
1353:
822:
284:) from 1726 to 1739. Based on that work, an abridged version was published in 1780, the full title of which was
1061:
526:
1358:
1224:
1033:
900:
1129:
458:
Sample entries, with explanation of annotations and abbreviations, are available from the RAE Web site.
1247:
1215:
1029:
1187:
1363:
39:
569:
564:
466:
From the first edition (1780) through the fourth edition (1803), the dictionary was known as the
212:
982:
515:(Moor, i.e. Muslim) – 10: (colloquial) A jealous and possessive man, who dominates his partner.
232:
When the RAE was founded in 1713, one of its primary objectives was to compile an authoritative
724:
Language, discourse and ideology: the Real Academia Española and the standardisation of Spanish
534:
216:
1220:"La RAE actualizará en diciembre el uso de "sexo débil" como "despectivo" y "discriminatorio""
772:
300:
196:
69:
474:). From the fifth edition (1817) through the fourteenth edition (1914), it was known as the
1319:, database with digital copies of all of the dictionaries edited and published by the RAE.
799:[Protests against the RAE considering that the definition of 'gitano' is racist].
8:
1188:"La RAE sigue definiendo a la mujer como el 'sexo débil', pero admite que es despectivo"
773:
Antoni Nomdedeu Rull: "Por qué la Real Academia Española es modelo de norma lingüística"
27:
Dictionary of the Spanish language by the Royal Spanish Academy, first published in 1780
1066:
1071:
1064:[The RAE will keep the controversial definition of 'gitano' as 'swindler'].
722:
503:
Many Spanish dictionaries have had racial and religious bias over the centuries; the
328:
1139:
1134:
592:
359:
249:(It cleans, stabilises, and gives splendour ) was in more recent times modified to
233:
192:
1285:
1256:
694:[Presentation of the 'Diccionario de la lengua española', and editions].
1314:
797:"Protestas contra la RAE por considerar racista la acepción de gitano - RTVE.es"
432:
418:
404:
343:
336:
1034:"El colectivo gitano denunciará a la RAE ante el Tribunal de Derechos Humanos"
1347:
1096:
468:
Diccionario de la lengua castellana compuesto por la Real Academia Española
304:
472:
Dictionary of the Castilian language composed by the Spanish Royal Academy
482:). Starting with the fifteenth edition (1925), it has been known as the
331:(^) was eliminated. In 1994, it was decided at the 10th Congress of the
1192:
1105:
651:(in Spanish). Madrid: Real Academia Española. Archived 22 January 2014.
188:
1038:
692:"Presentación del "Diccionario de la lengua española" y sus ediciones"
1003:
379:
351:
236:
dictionary. Its first statutes said in 1715 that its purpose was to:
1062:"La RAE mantendrá la polémica acepción de 'gitano' como 'trapacero'"
936:
Racism and Religious Bias in Castilian Spanish Language Dictionaries
623:
350:
examples (especially in popular phrases), and summarized the word's
1160:
953:
783:... establecer y difundir los criterios de propiedad y corrección
480:
Dictionary of the Castilian language by the Spanish Royal Academy
476:
Diccionario de la lengua castellana por la Real Academia Española
490:), to recognise the many regions of the Spanish-speaking world.
390:
886:
847:[How the 'Diccionario de la lengua española' is made].
525:
In November 2014, Romani in Spain complained about RAE at the
18:
Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española
347:
511:; one that could be considered biased is one of the uses of
299:
The fourth edition of the dictionary (1803) introduced the
539:("gypsies" in English), complained that one definition of
339:, which does not include "ch" and "ll" as single letters.
1074:
342:
The earliest editions were more extensive: they included
312:
1331:
1325:
845:"Cómo se hace el "Diccionario de la lengua española""
739:"A Word on 'Descriptive' and 'Prescriptive' Defining"
612:, this is not the official title of the publication.
932:
438:List of academics, as printed in the 1780 edition
1345:
1130:"La RAE retoca la polémica acepción de 'gitano'"
333:Association of Academies of the Spanish Language
201:Association of Academies of the Spanish Language
1252:"La RAE matizará la definición de 'sexo débil'"
977:
975:
424:Second page of the Prologue to the 1780 edition
1281:"La RAE cambia el significado de 'sexo débil'"
410:First page of the Prologue to the 1780 edition
346:translations of the entry, in some cases gave
195:. It is produced, edited and published by the
720:
169:
1246:
1214:
1095:
1028:
972:
887:""Diccionario de autoridades" (Search page)"
889:(in Spanish). Real Academia Española. 1739.
875:(in Spanish). Real Academia Española. 1739.
1316:Tesoro Lexicográfico de la lengua española
686:
684:
682:
593:[diɣθjoˈnaɾjoðelaˈleŋɡwaespaˈɲola]
38:
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222:
203:. It was first published in 1780, as the
1127:
716:
714:
712:
610:Diccionario de la Real Academia Española
362:vocabulary—collaborate in producing the
276:The first dictionary was the six-volume
872:"Diccionario de autoridades" (facsímil)
679:
14:
1346:
1279:Lázaro, Margarita (20 December 2017).
1278:
942:(MA thesis). Texas A&M University.
923:
786:
654:
1185:
933:Lauren Kelli Howard (December 2010).
709:
591:
450:Until the twenty-first edition, the
665:"Diccionario de la lengua española"
369:
205:Diccionario de la lengua castellana
24:
1070:(in Spanish). Display Connectors,
675:from the original on 17 June 2021.
642:
604:Although often referred to as the
488:Dictionary of the Spanish language
461:
364:Dictionary of the Spanish Language
184:Dictionary of the Spanish language
33:Diccionario de la lengua española
25:
1375:
1337:Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
1305:
1186:Justo, David (20 December 2017).
1165:Diccionario de la lengua española
1008:Diccionario de la lengua española
958:Diccionario de la lengua española
649:Diccionario de la lengua española
617:Diccionario de la lengua española
484:Diccionario de la lengua española
171:Diccionario de la lengua española
44:The Twenty-Second Edition of 2001
1332:online version of the dictionary
1330:webpage, with links to both the
598:
582:
431:
417:
403:
389:
199:, with the participation of the
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1089:
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1022:
996:
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903:[Examples of articles]
893:
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863:
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777:
803:(in Spanish). 7 November 2014.
766:
756:
731:
721:Darren Paffey (October 2008).
627:(in Spanish). 15 October 2014.
527:European Court of Human Rights
396:Title page of the 1780 edition
265:
13:
1:
635:
1128:Agencias (14 October 2015).
727:. University of Southampton.
671:(in Spanish). October 2014.
533:, an association of Spanish
493:
245:The RAE's original motto of
7:
815:"X Congreso (Madrid, 1994)"
558:
271:
247:limpia, fija y da esplendor
10:
1380:
801:RTVE, Spanish radio and TV
445:
376:Diccionario de autoridades
294:Diccionario de Autoridades
278:Diccionario de Autoridades
227:
1225:El Periódico de Catalunya
282:Dictionary of Authorities
157:
75:
65:
57:
49:
37:
1228:(in Spanish). Grupo Zeta
1167:. Real Academia Española
1010:. Real Academia Española
960:. Real Academia Española
575:
382:, or for online search.
570:Linguistic prescription
565:Descriptive linguistics
187:) is the authoritative
129:16th edition: 1936/1939
1354:1780 non-fiction books
1327:Real Academia Española
1138:(in Spanish). Madrid:
909:Real Academia Española
901:"Artículos de muestra"
849:Real Academia Española
819:Real Academia Española
696:Real Academia Española
669:Real Academia Española
619:, claves de redacción"
589:Spanish pronunciation:
499:Pejorative definitions
251:unifica, limpia y fija
243:
223:Origin and development
170:
335:to use the universal
238:
197:Royal Spanish Academy
70:Royal Spanish Academy
1359:Spanish dictionaries
1218:(29 November 2017).
1196:(in Spanish). Madrid
1042:(in Spanish). Madrid
268:below for examples.
1099:(7 November 2014).
1032:(8 November 2014).
985:. Timesonline.co.uk
743:merriam-webster.com
378:, are available in
84:First edition: 1780
34:
983:"The Sunday Times"
150:23rd edition: 2014
147:22nd edition: 2001
144:21st edition: 1992
141:20th edition: 1984
138:19th edition: 1970
135:18th edition: 1956
132:17th edition: 1947
126:15th edition: 1925
123:14th edition: 1914
120:13th edition: 1899
117:12th edition: 1884
114:11th edition: 1869
111:10th edition: 1852
32:
1340:, amongst others.
329:circumflex accent
260:("swindler") for
165:
164:
158:Publication place
108:9th edition: 1843
105:8th edition: 1837
102:7th edition: 1832
99:6th edition: 1822
96:5th edition: 1817
93:4th edition: 1803
90:3rd edition: 1791
87:2nd edition: 1783
16:(Redirected from
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851:(in Spanish)
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839:
827:. Retrieved
823:the original
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1106:20 Minutos
1004:"sinagoga"
989:2013-08-18
636:References
189:dictionary
1171:18 August
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964:20 August
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1135:El Mundo
673:Archived
559:See also
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360:American
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272:Editions
50:Language
1293:10 July
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1200:10 July
1067:Público
1039:El País
536:gitanos
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234:Spanish
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191:of the
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1145:9 July
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954:"moro"
624:Fundéu
545:gitano
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