1429:
1210:... As our beloved and devoted Don Juan de Egipto Menor ... understands that he must pass through some parts of our kingdoms and lands, and we want him to be well treated and welcomed ... under pain of our wrath and indignation ... the mentioned Don Juan de Egipto and those who will go with him and accompany him, with all their horses, clothes, goods, gold, silver, saddlebags and whatever else they bring with them, let them go, stay and go through any city, town, place and other parts of our lordship safe and secure ... and giving those safe passage and being driven when the aforementioned don Juan requires it through this present safe conduct ... Delivered in Zaragoza with our seal on January 12 of the year of birth of our Lord 1425.
1352:
1955:
328:
1340:
162:
38:
1650:(a professional who is skilled in performing the ritual and is paid by the family), along with the married women of the family, take the bride into a separate room during the wedding and examine her to ascertain that she is a virgin. The ajuntaora is the one who performs the ritual on the bride, as the other women watch to be witnesses that the bride is virgin. The ajuntaora wraps a white, decoratively embroidered cloth (the
2942:
838:
3923:
1059:
descent and who also self-identify as such. A confusing element is the thorough hybridization of
Andalusian and Roma culture (and some would say identity) at a popular level. This has occurred to the point where Spaniards from other regions of Spain commonly mistake elements of one for the other. The
1751:
live below the poverty line. In 2019, another study put 89% of children under the poverty line and 51,8% under extreme poverty. Health outcomes and housing - including reduced access to clean water and electricity supplies - is worse amongst Roma compared to non-Roma in Spain and
Portugal, in common
1308:
have a low and little politically committed role, with some particular exceptions; Andalusian nationalism and identity is strongly based on a belief in the oriental basis of
Andalusi heritage, which acted as a bridge between occidental-western and oriental-eastern Andalusian culture at a popular
1363:
For about 300 years, Romanies were subject to a number of laws and policies designed to eliminate them from Spain as an identifiable group. Romani settlements were broken up and the residents dispersed; sometimes, Romanies were required to marry non-Roma; they were prohibited from using their
1016:, losing the meaning of Egyptian and carrying with it a specific meaning of Romanis in Spain. The two peoples are now unambiguously differentiated in modern Spanish, "egipcios" for Egyptians and "gitanos" for Roma in Spain, with "egiptano" being obsolete for either.
1658:
are depressed, causing them to secrete a liquid that stains the cloth. This action is repeated with three different sections of the cloth to produce three stains, known as "rosas". This process is conceived by the women as the retrieval of the bride's "honra", her
3445:: 'While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romani groups, it may be hardly representative today, Sarren (1976:72) concluded that we still remain together, genetically, Asian rather than European'
1148:
is to be classed as a New Indo-Aryan language (NIA), not a Middle Indo-Aryan (MIA), establishing that the ancestors of the Romani could not have left the Indian subcontinent significantly earlier than AD 1000, finally reaching Europe several hundred years later.
1336:, who were obliged to convert, were dispersed, and were eventually ordered to leave Spain , but stayed and mixed with the Romani newcomers instead of abandoning their land. These claims have been rejected by many historians and genetic research papers.
1152:
Genetic findings in 2012 suggest the Romani originated in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent and migrated as a group. According to a genetic study in 2012, the ancestors of present scheduled tribes and scheduled caste populations of
1670:
to the couple. During this, the men at the wedding rip their shirts and lift the wife onto their shoulders and do the same with the husband, as they sing "el yeli" to them. Weddings can last very long; up to three days is usual in
1197:. Another, more consistent theory, and well documented, is that they entered the Iberian Peninsula from France. Although there is controversy over the date of the first arrival, since there is evidence of a safe conduct granted in
4514:
1201:
in 1415 by the infante
Alfonso of Aragon to one Tomås, son of Bartolomé de Sanno, who is said to be "Indie Majoris". Or instead, it could be the so-called Juan de Egipto Menor, who entered through France, when in 1425
1394:
In the post-Franco era, Spanish government policy has been much more sympathetic, especially in the area of social welfare and social services. In 1977, the last anti-Romani laws were repealed, an action promoted by
3863:
GusmĂŁo, A.; GusmĂŁo, L.; Gomes, V.; Alves, C.; Calafell, F.; Amorim, A.; Prata, M. J. (2008), "A perspective on the history of the
Iberian gypsies provided by phylogeographic analysis of Y-chromosome lineages",
3227:
West, Christina (2011). "MemoryâRecollectionâCultureâIdentityâSpace: Social
Context, Identity Formation, and Self-construction of the Calé (Gitanos) in Spain". In Meusburger P.; Heffernan M.; Wunder E. (eds.).
1173:
from
Northern India is a question whose consensus is far from being reached. A popular theory, although without any documentation, claims they came from North Africa, from where they would have crossed the
1768:
Roma continue to experience discrimination on an interpersonal level, such as by being refused entry to bars and clubs or losing their jobs if their ethnicity is made known to their employer. In 2016, the
1781:
had suffered an episode of discrimination within the previous five years. A traditional discriminatory practice in
Portugal, where shops and businesses display toad figurines at entrances to dissuade
1271:
In those years safe conducts were granted to supposedly noble Calé pilgrims. The follow-up of these safe-conducts throughout Spain has provided some data to historians according to Teresa San Romån:
1826:
The Roma is the most basic, most profound, the most aristocratic of my country, as representative of their way and whoever keeps the flame, blood, and the alphabet of the universal
Andalusian truth.
4401:
4215:
964:
involves frequent contact with Calé people from outside their own patrigroups during church services and meetings. Data on ethnicity are not collected in Spain, although the public pollster
3715:
Rai, N; Chaubey, G; Tamang, R; Pathak, AK; Singh, VK (2012), "The
Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations",
3096:
1467:, combining the phonology and grammar of the Catalan or Castilian, with a lexicon derived from Romani. The para-Romani resulting from the combination of Basque and Romani is called
1364:
language and rituals, and were excluded from public office and from guild membership. In 1749, a major effort to get rid of the Calé population in Spain was carried out through a
1281:
Each autonomous group maintained relations at a distance with one of the others, there being perhaps relations of kinship among them (something common today among Spanish Romani).
1023:
originally meant "Egyptian", the use itself of the Old Spanish word meaning "Egyptian" (egiptano) to refer to Romanis in Spain developed in the same way that the English word "
1043:
The group's identity is particularly complex in Spain for a variety of reasons that are examined below. Nevertheless, it can be safely said that both from the perspective of
1789:
and anti-discrimination activists complained of hostility to Roma being commonplace. Some shopkeepers were noted as defending their discouragement of Roma as appropriate.
1499:
acknowledge that the language is in a terminal state, with many asserting that the language is totally lost. Several CalĂł words are part of Spanish slang including Madrid
1406:
to promote educational rights for the disadvantaged, including those in Romani communities. During the heroin epidemic that afflicted Spain in the 1980s and 1990s,
1785:
from entering, was reported as being still widely seen in Portugal in 2019. (Toads are viewed as symbolic of evil and ill-omen in Roma communities in Portugal.)
3158:
1762:
4372:
4319:
4199:
3685:
ZatĂmco romskĂĄ lexika je bliĆŸĆĄĂ hindĆĄtinÄ, marvĂĄrĆĄtinÄ, pandĆŸĂĄbĆĄtinÄ atd., v gramatickĂ© sfĂ©Će nachĂĄzĂme mnoho shod s vĂœchodoindickĂœm jazykem, s bengĂĄlĆĄtinou.
1410:
shanty towns became central to the drug trade, a problem that afflicts Spain to this day. Nevertheless, Spain is still considered a model for integration of
4398:
3781:
1027:" also evolved from the English adjective "Egyptian" to refer to Romanis in Britain. Some Romanis, a people originating in the northern regions of the
5123:
992:(Egypt). "Egiptano" was the regular adjective in Old Spanish for someone from Egypt, however, in Middle and Modern Spanish the irregular adjective
4489:
1490:
1031:, upon their first arrivals to Europe, either claimed to be Egyptians for a more favourable treatment by local Europeans, or were mistaken as
813:
4346:
3107:
4515:
Nominal Assimilation: The Ethnic and National Identities of the Gitanos or CalĂ© of Spain as Shown by their Surnames in the 1783â1785 Census
4195:
4078:
4047:
1770:
1587:
have joined their faith in Spain. The Romani Evangelical Assembly is the only religious institution entirely led and composed by Roma. The
1477:
maintain a comprehensive and functional knowledge of CalĂł. A study on the actual usage patterns of CalĂł among a group of mainly Andalusian
1266:
because at the request of the City passed ahead, ten reales, to avoid the damages that could be done by three hundred people who came ... "
4696:
1391:
were often harassed or simply ignored, although their children were educated, sometimes forcibly, much as all Spaniards are nowadays.
1663:, contained within a "grape" inside her genitals which is popped during the examination, and the spillage collected onto the pañuelo.
4568:
1483:
concluded that the language currently consists of between 350 and 400 unique terms, the knowledge of which varies considerably among
3643:
1076:
in interpretative style, are now commonly associated with this ethnicity by many Spaniards. The fact that the largest population of
965:
5279:
3536:
4829:
1463:
spoke Caló, also known as Romanés, fluently, often alongside the language spoken in the region they inhabited. Caló is a type of
867:
590:
1912:
was developed in the Calé Romani culture of Southern Spain. Many famous Spanish flamenco musicians are of Romani ethnicity. The
3939:
1252:. Both of them continued to wander throughout the peninsula, being well received at least until 1493, year in which a group of
17:
4064:
4275:
4209:
3656:
3440:
3413:
3254:
799:
2009:
1284:
The separation between each group was variable and sometimes some followed the others at close range and by the same routes.
5116:
3981:
3768:
3324:
Gay y Blasco, Paloma (2000). "The Politics of Evangelism: Hierarchy, Masculinity and Religious Conversion Among Gitanos".
5090:
5024:
4864:
3610:
3574:
1987:
841:
803:
795:
620:
4894:
2398:, dancer and choreographer of Spanish Flamenco; occasionally painter, writer, cinematographic actor and flamenco singer
2090:
1999:
1144:. Linguistic evaluation carried out in the nineteenth century by Pott (1845) and Miklosich (1882â1888) showed that the
650:
4292:
102:
4475:
4433:
4425:
3620:
3584:
3165:
3054:
1990:
1564:
have a special involvement with recently- dead kin and visit their graves frequently. They spend more money than non-
956:, as interaction between patrigroups increases the risk of feuding, which may result in fatalities. The emergence of
459:
121:
4265:
1351:
74:
4979:
4969:
4691:
4320:"Cuando los datos desmienten los prejuicios: solo el 29% de los gitanos con derecho recibe el ingreso mĂnimo vital"
3815:
3270:
Gay y Blasco, Paloma (20 December 2002). "'We don't know our descent': how the Gitanos of Jarana manage the past".
3238:
1275:
The number of Romani that entered or inhabited the Peninsula in the 15th-century is estimated at 3,000 individuals.
720:
710:
499:
337:
3370:
5109:
4869:
1765:
but only 29% of them actually perceived it, due to the complexity of the procedure and the delays in processing.
1654:) around her index finger and inserts it shallowly into the vaginal canal of the bride. During this process, the
625:
2185:
1983:
1396:
5315:
3992:
3456:
2203:
81:
59:
3229:
1295:
327:
4561:
4003:
2764:
3790:
1248:, pilgrims who penetrated the Mediterranean shore in the 1480s, were added to them, probably because of the
1206:
granted him a letter of insurance; he is mostly accepted as the first Romani person to reach the peninsula.
1125:
and shares with them a big part of the basic lexicon, for example, body parts, daily routines and numerals.
5048:
4737:
2996:, an ethnic group in the Spanish Basque country and the French Basque coast sometimes linked to the Cagots.
2319:
1097:
775:
705:
367:
4452:
3390:
3297:
Gay y Blasco, Paloma (September 2011). "Agata's story: singular lives and the reach of the 'Gitano law'".
5248:
4964:
1287:
The most common survival strategy was to present as Christian pilgrims to seek the protection of a noble.
1055:) Spaniards, individuals generally considered to belong to this ethnicity are those of full or near-full
860:
700:
88:
3697:
4949:
4809:
4804:
4586:
3679:
HĂŒbschmannovĂĄ, Milena (1995). "RomaĆi Ähib â romĆĄtina: NÄkolik zĂĄkladnĂch informacĂ o romskĂ©m jazyku".
824:
690:
570:
565:
402:
387:
347:
4490:"Los apellidos de los gitanos españoles en los censos de 1783-85 - ArtĂculos - Revista de Humanidades"
3982:
Flamenco and Its Gitanos An Investigation of the Paradox of Andalusia: History, Politics and Dance Art
2467:
1560:
They rarely go to folk healers, and they participate fully in Spain's state-supported medical system.
5029:
5014:
5009:
4989:
4849:
4839:
2034:
1995:
920:
760:
755:
735:
605:
600:
4538:
2267:
2084:
2065:
1546:
70:
5320:
5085:
5068:
5058:
4994:
4959:
4919:
4909:
4899:
4884:
4874:
4854:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4799:
4794:
4554:
3326:
819:
785:
740:
715:
670:
665:
655:
640:
635:
630:
610:
585:
580:
575:
560:
55:
2602:
1812:
5063:
5043:
5004:
4999:
4984:
4974:
4954:
4939:
4934:
4904:
4889:
4859:
4844:
4834:
4128:
3572:
1332:, supposedly meaning "escapee peasant". Infante believed that numerous Muslim Andalusians became
932:
780:
770:
750:
745:
730:
725:
695:
685:
680:
660:
645:
615:
595:
48:
4075:
2146:
2053:
1117:
The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that the roots of the Romani language lie in the
5310:
5132:
5053:
5038:
5019:
4944:
4929:
4879:
4015:
Gamella, Juan F; FernĂĄndez, Cayetano; Nieto, Magdalena; Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier (December 2011).
2884:
2638:
1883:
1450:
1403:
1249:
1219:
853:
675:
4252:
Historias de Ă©xito: Modelos para reducir el abandono escolar de la adolescencia gitana, p. 120
4251:
2974:, an English missionary and traveller who studied the Calé of Spain and other parts of Europe.
2207:
937:). Their sense of identity and cohesion stems from their shared value system, expressed among
914:
4914:
4721:
4239:
3430:
3403:
2059:
1088:
populations in the northern half of Spain (such as Galicia) do not speak Andalusian Spanish.
392:
3651:, ĂstĂ nad Labem: PedagogickĂĄ fakulta Univerzity J. E. PurkynÄ v ĂstĂ nad Labem, p. 4,
2919:
2536:
2410:
2171:
2005:
1532:
1356:
5284:
4016:
3724:
3486:
3091:
3089:
2632:
1853:
1655:
1365:
1122:
968:
estimated in 2007 that the number of Calé present in Spain is probably around one million.
4118:
3197:
Recent Migration of Roma in Europe, A study by Mr. Claude Cahn and Professor Elspeth Guild
2808:
2422:
2213:
8:
5165:
3662:
3020:
2446:
2071:
1890:
1793:
1211:
1203:
1175:
1118:
1028:
198:
194:
4701:
3728:
3490:
3086:
3015:, an ethnic group in Spain who were also discriminated against and have unknown origins.
2779:
2122:
2015:
1414:
communities when compared to other countries with Romani populations in Eastern Europe.
1000:
to mean Egyptian, probably to differentiate Egyptians from Gypsies. Meanwhile, the term
519:
5140:
4204:(2nd ed.). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. pp. 36â37.
4163:
4142:
Gay y Blasco, Paloma (September 1997). "A 'Different' Body? Desire and Virginity Among
3964:
3889:
3747:
3541:
3450:
2999:
2889:
2758:
2716:
2650:
2548:
2462:
2189:
1894:
1869:
1689:
1186:
1137:
894:
885:
252:
2458:
2368:
397:
5178:
4471:
4429:
4271:
4205:
3881:
3877:
3752:
3652:
3616:
3580:
3514:
3436:
3409:
3310:
3250:
2879:
2858:
2803:
2276:
1576:
1536:
1372:
1326:
1170:
479:
282:
247:
242:
95:
4201:
Second European Union minorities and discrimination survey: Roma - selected findings
3893:
3573:
K. Meira Goldberg; Ninotchka Devorah Bennahum; Michelle Heffner Hayes (2015-09-28).
3131:
2770:
2668:
2644:
2249:
2040:
1290:
The way of life was nomadic and dedicated to divination and performance (spectacle).
5173:
5154:
5080:
4240:
Experiencias y trayectorias de éxito escolar de gitanas y gitanos en España, p. 100
4155:
3873:
3742:
3732:
3504:
3494:
3306:
3279:
3242:
2900:
2894:
2842:
2823:
2789:
2680:
2506:
2473:
2395:
2140:, actress; granddaughter of Antonio GonzĂĄlez (El PescaĂlla) and daughter of singer
1858:
1817:
1384:
1141:
1133:
909:
809:
262:
227:
222:
5305:
3846:
La condiciĂłn social y jurĂdica de los gitanos en la legislaciĂłn histĂłrica española
2356:
2285:
2028:
1428:
1423:
217:
5208:
4622:
4577:
4419:
4405:
4082:
3819:
3737:
3209:
2955:
2833:
2817:
2751:
2722:
2608:
2590:
2584:
2530:
2440:
2235:
2131:
1847:
1528:
1489:. This would exclude a similar number of Calo words that have entered mainstream
1380:
1344:
1145:
926:
552:
434:
372:
362:
311:
232:
3832:
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Spain : Roma/Gypsies
3831:
3475:"Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome-wide Data"
3246:
2512:
2103:
1954:
1339:
5263:
5193:
4924:
3576:
Flamenco on the Global Stage: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Perspectives
3196:
2980:, a nomad community of Spain with a similar lifestyle, but of unrelated origin.
2662:
2566:
2542:
2452:
2405:
2389:
2383:
2362:
2350:
2344:
2313:
2244:
2141:
2109:
1961:
1923:
1915:
1735:
were illiterate. Literacy has greatly improved over time; approximately 10% of
1572:
1516:
957:
342:
286:
4293:"Nueve de cada diez niños gitanos vive bajo el umbral de la pobreza en España"
3913:
Library of Congress Federal Research Division (December 1988). "The Gypsies".
3499:
3474:
2291:
2258:
1235:
161:
5299:
5188:
4706:
4674:
4612:
3927:
3912:
2971:
2710:
2686:
2656:
2483:
2416:
2377:
2325:
2262:
2253:
2240:
2222:
2198:
1842:
539:
524:
429:
319:
299:
4194:
3844:
3283:
2754:
are more frequent among the Gitanos, though they are not exclusive to them:
2518:
2194:
1868:, ready to lie, or attack and degrade men's lives. His work was adapted for
5238:
5073:
4757:
4752:
4642:
4637:
4529:
4373:"Minipreço retira sapo de loiça usado para afastar ciganos e pede desculpa"
3885:
3756:
3518:
2947:
2869:
2620:
2596:
2434:
2338:
2175:
2158:
2152:
2126:
1864:
1693:) may attend as well, although this is not common. Through the night, many
1554:
1524:
1468:
1310:
1024:
789:
474:
449:
382:
377:
357:
352:
257:
236:
3039:, often referenced in works discussing the persecution of Cagots in Spain.
2797:
2784:
2545:, "La Terremoto" cantaora (Flamenco singer) and bailaora (Flamenco dancer)
1615:
The traditional Spanish Romani place a high value on the extended family.
5149:
5101:
4769:
4681:
4669:
3010:
2728:
2692:
2626:
2524:
2494:
2401:
2372:
2307:
2217:
2137:
1580:
1550:
1464:
1154:
985:
504:
419:
3968:
3952:
3812:
1899:
Rocio Eva Granada, the escort in the novel Digital Fortress by Dan Brown
952:
Traditionally, they maintain their social circles strictly within their
5213:
5183:
4764:
4742:
4686:
4632:
4421:
Gypsies and Flamenco: The Emergence of the Art of Flamenco in Andalusia
4167:
4106:
3509:
2961:
2734:
2674:
2614:
2554:
2500:
2295:
2280:
2231:
2226:
2179:
1619:
is essential in unmarried women. Both men and women often marry young.
1065:
514:
509:
2812:
1080:
is concentrated in Southern Spain has even led to a confusion between
489:
5244:
5218:
5159:
4647:
4627:
3914:
2991:
2909:
2698:
2578:
2288:, footballer frech of the origin calo Spanish, footballer Montpellier
1712:
1666:
When finished with the exam, the women come out of the room and sing
1616:
1318:
1278:
The Roma traveled in variable groups, of 80-150 people, led by a man.
1227:
1198:
1107:
1103:
1032:
464:
444:
202:
190:
5258:
4159:
3345:
2491:, singers of Spanish musical group of techno rumba and flamenco pop.
2271:
1161:", are the likely ancestral populations of modern "Roma" in Europe.
37:
5203:
4664:
4657:
4017:"La agonĂa de una lengua. Lo que queda del calĂł en el habla de los
3070:
3036:
3005:
2924:
2874:
2747:
2560:
1929:
1909:
1520:
1333:
1231:
1158:
1061:
953:
494:
4546:
2914:
1379:
were not persecuted for their ethnicity by either side. Under the
1084:
accents and those more typical of Southern Spain even though many
5198:
4747:
4466:, Roberto Faure, MarĂa AsunciĂłn Ribes, Antonio GarcĂa, Editorial
4399:
Negative opinions about Roma, Muslims in several European nations
4347:"Portuguese shopkeepers using ceramic frogs to 'scare away' Roma"
4123:
3926:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2977:
2965:
2847:
2828:
2704:
1966:
1796:
poll found that 49% of Spaniards held unfavorable views of Roma.
1299:
1194:
1178:
to meet again in France with the northern migratory route. Thus,
1005:
454:
266:
1402:
Beginning in 1983, the government operated a special program of
4716:
4652:
4617:
4607:
4467:
3231:
Cultural Memories. Knowledge and Space (Klaus Tschira Symposia)
2986:, similarly historically persecuted people in France and Spain.
2572:
2488:
2428:
1731:
peers and have poorer academic outcomes. In 1978, 68% of adult
1715:, an event that garners less approval than a wedding ceremony.
1679:
invite everyone and anyone that they know of (especially other
1543:
1257:
1244:
1111:
534:
484:
439:
424:
3371:"Diccionario de la lengua española - Vigésima segunda edición"
2392:, singer and actress, daughter of Lola Flores and El PescaĂlla
2380:, singer and actress, daughter of Lola Flores and El PescaĂlla
1519:
who participated in four of the Church's sacraments (baptism,
1443:
is the name of this bar in Madrid featuring a reproduction of
917:
known as Calé, with smaller populations in Portugal (known as
5252:
4774:
4711:
3065:
3030:
2983:
2852:
2837:
2479:
1872:
1600:
1500:
1183:
1129:
529:
4488:
Gamella, Juan F.; GĂłmez Alfaro, Antonio; PĂ©rez PĂ©rez, Juan.
4048:"Spanish Martyr Is First Gypsy Beatified by Catholic Church"
3872:(Pt 2), Annals of Human Genetics: Wiley Publishing: 215â27,
960:
has impacted this practice, as the lifestyle of Pentecostal
4264:
Gay y Blasco, Paloma; HernĂĄndez, Liria (24 November 2019).
4014:
3609:
Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; Trillo, Richard (1999).
1596:
4487:
3645:
NĂĄstin mluvnice slovenskĂ© romĆĄtiny (pro pedagogickĂ© ĂșÄely)
3058:
2958:, a neighbourhood traditionally linked to Gitano history.
2539:, cantaor (Flamenco singer) and bailaor (Flamenco dancer)
1773:
reported that its survey showed 71 percent of Portuguese
1638:
must be sung to the bride to celebrate the virginity and
1493:. According to the authors of the study, the majority of
3608:
3025:, a discriminated group of cowherders in Northern Spain.
1575:/New-Born Federation (mostly composed of members of the
1568:
of equivalent economic classes in adorning grave sites.
1549:, in a ceremony reportedly attended by some 3,000 Roma.
3993:
Roma in an Expanding Europe: Breaking the Poverty Cycle
2386:, singer and actor, son of Lola Flores and El PescaĂlla
2022:
1889:
La Gitanilla ("The little Gypsy girl"), short story by
1591:
Evangelical church (Iglesia de Filadelfia) asserts the
1234:
by 1447, and in 1462 they were received with honors in
4107:
A `Different' Body? Desire and Virginity Among Gitanos
3862:
3714:
2037:, writer, lecturer and columnist for the artistic life
4263:
3097:"Diagnóstico social de la comunidad gitana en España"
2116:
1437:, Spanish for "Gipsy Spain", including the CalĂł word
1294:
In 1492, the Roma auxiliaries helped the army of the
3842:
2937:
4021:. Parte I. MĂ©todos, fuentes y resultados generales"
3468:
3466:
2165:
2047:
1646:). In the pañuelo ritual, a group consisting of an
1128:More exactly, Romani shares the basic lexicon with
1106:, presumably from the northwestern Indian state of
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4148:The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
3568:
3566:
3564:
3002:, ethnic discrimination in the Spanish Old Regime.
1815:, a great Spanish poet of the 20th century, wrote
1808:in Spanish society have inspired several authors:
1723:Marginalisation occurs on an institutional level.
1531:). They follow traditions such as the cult of the
1121:: the language has grammatical characteristics of
1727:children are regularly segregated from their non-
1630:(similar to an engagement party) followed by the
1315:OrĂgenes de lo flamenco y secreto del cante jondo
1157:, traditionally referred to collectively as the "
5297:
3953:"Resisting Respectability: Gypsies in Saragossa"
3463:
2482:, Catalan singer, guitar player and composer of
1453:displaying stereotypes associated with Flamenco.
918:
4453:Emilia 'la Canastera', la primera gitana mĂĄrtir
4424:. Translated by Ni Shuinear, Sinead. Hatfield:
3641:
3612:World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East
3561:
3181:The Spanish government estimates the number of
2125:, theatre actor and father of Swedish actress
3299:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
3272:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
3164:. Open Society Institute. 2002. Archived from
2078:
1102:The Romani people originate from northwestern
1072:in origin but, having been strongly marked by
5117:
4692:Scandinavian Travellers (Tavinger, RomanisĂŠl)
4562:
4076:"Evangelics fish faithful in catholic crisis"
3678:
3604:
3602:
3537:"Genomic Study Traces Roma to Northern India"
3028:
3018:
2091:Emilia FernĂĄndez RodrĂguez, the Basket Weaver
2018:, Spanish Gypsy political activist and lawyer
1933:
1921:
1913:
1756:
1494:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1458:
1444:
1432:
944:
938:
897:
861:
150:
4267:Writing Friendship: a reciprocal ethnography
4196:European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
4190:
4188:
4186:
4141:
3323:
3296:
3269:
2989:
1771:European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
1752:with the other surveyed European countries.
1739:were illiterate as of 2006-2007 (with older
1068:, art forms that are Andalusian rather than
930:
27:Ethnic group living on the Iberian Peninsula
3435:. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. p. 70.
3405:Constructing Identity in Contemporary Spain
1747:to be illiterate). Ninety-eight percent of
5131:
5124:
5110:
4569:
4555:
4338:
4284:
3599:
3472:
3190:
3064:Worth, Susannah and Sibley, Lucy R. "Maja
1977:
1642:of the bride (proven by the ritual of the
1438:
1114:region shared between India and Pakistan.
868:
854:
160:
144:
4183:
3769:DIĂLOGOS. REVISTA ELECTRĂNICA DE HISTORIA
3746:
3736:
3508:
3498:
2097:
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
4371:Silva, Claudia Carvalho (28 June 2019).
3783:PĂšlerins d'Espagne a la fin de Moten Ăąge
3635:
3530:
3528:
2332:
1427:
1350:
1338:
1321:, went as far as alleging that the word
1136:. It shares many phonetic features with
4457:
3683:(4/1995). Brno: Muzeum romské kultury.
3672:
3642:Ć ebkovĂĄ, Hana; ĆœlnayovĂĄ, Edita (1998),
3428:
3401:
3363:
1697:are danced and especially sung. Today,
1169:How and when the Romani arrived in the
169:by Francis William Topham (c.1854-1855)
14:
5298:
4417:
4045:
3950:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3856:
3779:
3535:Bhanoo, Sindya N. (11 December 2012).
3534:
3473:Mendizabal, Isabel (6 December 2012).
1932:, developed by Andalusian and Catalan
1840:, the female protagonist of the story
1309:level. The father of such a movement,
1302:ending the reign of Muslims in Spain.
5105:
4550:
4408:". Pew Research Center. 11 July 2016.
4370:
4344:
4317:
4311:
4290:
3836:
3525:
3075:Summer 1994, Vol. 12, pp. 51â60.
1928:are styles mixing flamenco and Cuban
1862:(1845) features the protagonist as a
1164:
908:
4027:(in Spanish). Universidad de Granada
3852:, Universidad de Granada, p. 53
3226:
3068:and the Andalusian Image of Spain."
3057:. The Open Society Institute, 2002 (
2964:, the traditional Gitano quarter of
2023:Historians, philologists and writers
1355:A Gypsy dance in the gardens of the
185:Regions with significant populations
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
4576:
4233:
3940:The Great âGypsyâ Round-up in Spain
3899:
3698:"5 Intriguing Facts About the Roma"
1603:lifetime and eventually became the
837:
24:
4464:Diccionario de apellidos españoles
4318:OlĂas, Laura (19 September 2024).
4291:OlĂas, Laura (24 September 2019).
2741:
2371:, singer and composer, husband of
2188:, footballer, currently plays for
2117:Actors, comedians and entertainers
1941:
1903:
1718:
1140:, while its grammar is closest to
25:
5332:
4539:Romani presence in European Music
4523:
4426:University of Hertfordshire Press
2563:, Flamenco guitarist and composer
2310:, equestrian and Olympic medalist
2301:
2043:, French writer born in Barcelona
1761:homes could apply to the Spanish
1595:people originate from a group of
4345:Vidal, Marta (4 February 2019).
4131:from the original on 2021-12-19.
4046:Bohlen, Celestine (5 May 1997).
3921:
3878:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00421.x
3311:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2011.01701.x
3159:"The Situation of Roma in Spain"
3035:a persecuted ethnic minority in
2940:
2166:Footballers and football coaches
2048:Poets, novelists and playwrights
1988:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
1953:
1799:
1705:are usual party music fixtures.
836:
326:
36:
5228:Historic and related minorities
4508:
4481:
4442:
4411:
4391:
4364:
4257:
4245:
4221:from the original on 2023-08-04
4174:
4135:
4111:
4100:
4091:
4069:
4058:
4039:
4008:
3997:
3986:
3975:
3944:
3933:
3825:
3806:
3773:
3762:
3708:
3690:
3549:
3422:
3395:
3391:THE STATE AND THE ROMA IN SPAIN
3384:
3338:
3239:Springer Science+Business Media
1260:, where the Council agreed to "
1019:Though etymologically the term
47:needs additional citations for
4004:The Situation of Roma in Spain
3346:"egiptano - Diccionario Dirae"
3317:
3290:
3263:
3220:
3202:
3151:
3124:
3073:and Textiles Research Journal,
3055:The Situation of Roma in Spain
1743:much more likely than younger
1368:organized by the government.
13:
1:
4478:. Section III.3.8 page XXXIX.
3681:Bulletin Muzea Romské Kultury
3615:. Rough Guides. p. 147.
3199:, page 87-8 (09.2010 figures)
3043:
2068:, artist painter and sculptor
1998:, Spanish Roma politician in
1882:has inspired artists such as
4738:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
4494:www.revistadehumanidades.com
4119:"Mujeres Gitanas Documental"
3738:10.1371/journal.pone.0048477
2605:, cantaora (Flamenco singer)
2581:, bailaora (Flamenco dancer)
2521:, bailaora (Flamenco dancer)
2161:, comedian of Duo Sacapuntas
1984:Juan de Dios RamĂrez Heredia
1878:The beauty of a dark-haired
1777:, and 51 percent of Spanish
1397:Juan de Dios RamĂrez Heredia
1098:History of the Romani people
1060:clearest example of this is
984:("Egyptian"), which was the
7:
3951:Kaprow, Miriam Lee (1982).
3408:. Oxford University Press.
3247:10.1007/978-90-481-8945-8_7
2933:
2575:, cantaor (Flamenco singer)
2533:, cantaor (Flamenco singer)
2527:, cantaor (Flamenco singer)
2079:Catholic saints and martyrs
2008:, general secretary of the
1610:
1506:
1417:
1399:, the first Romani deputy.
1296:Kingdom of Castile and LeĂłn
1038:
180:Estimated 720,000-1,500,000
10:
5337:
3843:Alejandro MartĂnez Dhier,
3455:: CS1 maint: postscript (
3048:
2234:, former footballer, with
2225:, former footballer, with
2216:, former footballer, with
2206:, former footballer, with
1634:(wedding ceremony), where
1421:
1218:In 1435 they were seen in
1182:would be a deformation of
1095:
414:Romani people by sub-group
5272:
5227:
5139:
4787:
4730:
4600:
4593:
4584:
4180:Gay y Blasco 1997, p. 528
3579:. McFarland. p. 50.
3500:10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.039
3429:Hancock, Ian F. (2005) .
2461:, singer and vocalist of
2425:, French fusion musicians
2149:, actor of film The Niño.
2106:, artist, writer and poet
1922:
1914:
1445:
1091:
988:demonym for someone from
884:, generally known by the
297:
292:
281:
276:
213:
208:
189:
184:
179:
174:
159:
142:
4535:(English exonym present)
4418:Leblon, Bernard (2003).
4097:Gay y Blasco 2002 p. 634
3866:Annals of Human Genetics
3432:We are the Romani People
3185:at a maximum of 650,000.
3079:
2773:(alternatively, Antuñez)
2551:, guitarist and composer
2347:, singer, partially Calé
2328:, Basque pelota champion
4085:; FEREDE, October 2008
3284:10.1111/1467-9655.00081
2794:Gabarri (Catalan Gypsy)
2665:, cantaor and guitarist
2659:, guitarist of Flamenco
2353:, singers, brother duet
2186:JosĂ© RodrĂguez MartĂnez
1978:Leaders and politicians
1539:beatified the Catholic
1439:
1343:Spanish Romani people.
971:
915:Iberian Romani subgroup
145:
5133:Ethnic groups in Spain
4830:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4270:. Palgrave Macmillan.
4025:Gazeta de Antropologia
3916:Spain: A Country Study
3029:
3019:
2990:
2863:Pubill (Catalan Gypsy)
2653:, singer and guitarist
2639:Cancanilla de Marbella
2449:, star flamenco dancer
2359:, singers, sister duet
2268:Antonio Cortés Heredia
2098:Painters and sculptors
2085:Ceferino Giménez Malla
1934:
1884:Julio Romero de Torres
1834:
1757:
1683:). On some occasions,
1675:culture. At weddings,
1583:) claims that 150,000
1547:Ceferino Giménez Malla
1495:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1459:
1454:
1451:Julio Romero de Torres
1433:
1404:Compensatory Education
1360:
1348:
1298:in the Reconquista in
1250:fall of Constantinople
1238:. Years later, to the
1220:Santiago de Compostela
1216:
980:evolved from the word
945:
939:
931:
919:
906:Spanish pronunciation:
898:
151:
138:Romani people in Spain
18:Romani people in Spain
5316:Spanish Romani people
3214:Minority Rights Group
2866:Ravelino or Rabellino
2776:Calaf (Catalan Gypsy)
2641:, cantaor and bailaor
2603:La Niña de los Peines
2557:, cantaor and bailaor
2515:, singer and composer
2333:Singers and musicians
2174:, ex-footballer, for
2155:, comedian and singer
2056:, poet and dramaturge
1831:Federico GarcĂa Lorca
1824:
1821:("Gypsy Ballad Book")
1813:Federico GarcĂa Lorca
1449:, a 1929 painting by
1431:
1354:
1342:
1262:... give alms to the
1208:
293:Related ethnic groups
3780:Viellieard, Jeanne,
3402:Labanyi, Jo (2002).
3241:. pp. 101â118.
3000:Cleanliness of blood
2725:, singer of Flamenco
2707:, Flamenco Guitarist
2633:Vicente Soto Sordera
2629:, Flamenco guitarist
2623:, Flamenco guitarist
2455:, singer and actress
2320:José Antonio Jiménez
2147:JesĂșs Castro (actor)
1996:Sara Giménez Giménez
1763:Minimum Vital Income
1599:who got lost during
1035:by local Europeans.
56:improve this article
5166:Vaqueiros de alzada
4697:Scottish Travellers
3729:2012PLoSO...748477R
3491:2012CBio...22.2342M
3021:Vaqueiros de alzada
2294:, footballer, with
2208:Sevilla FĂștbol Club
2066:Antonio Maya Cortés
1891:Miguel de Cervantes
1626:wedding requires a
1515:were traditionally
1176:Strait of Gibraltar
1119:Indian subcontinent
1029:Indian subcontinent
475:Kale (Finnish Roma)
470:Kale (Iberian Roma)
139:
4633:English Romanichal
4404:2019-04-03 at the
4081:2009-02-28 at the
4052:The New York Times
3957:Urban Anthropology
3818:2008-05-09 at the
3704:. 23 October 2013.
3542:The New York Times
3171:on 1 December 2007
2717:Juana la Macarrona
2689:, Flamenco singers
2537:El PrĂncipe Gitano
2463:La quinta estacion
2431:, fusion musicians
2411:CamarĂłn de la Isla
2404:, French group of
2326:Patxi Ruiz Giménez
2243:, footballer, for
2190:Maccabi Haifa F.C.
2172:José Antonio Reyes
2153:El Comandante Lara
2060:Luis Heredia Amaya
2006:Mariano R. VĂĄzquez
1960:The ballet dancer
1711:may also marry by
1656:Bartholin's glands
1557:of Romani people.
1533:Virgin of El RocĂo
1455:
1361:
1357:AlcĂĄzar of Seville
1349:
1165:Migration to Spain
910:[xiËtanos]
591:Bosnia-Herzegovina
137:
5293:
5292:
5249:Western Sephardim
5099:
5098:
4783:
4782:
4351:www.aljazeera.com
4277:978-3-030-26542-7
4211:978-92-9491-871-0
3658:978-80-7044-205-0
3485:(24): 2342â2349.
3442:978-1-902806-19-8
3415:978-0-19-815993-3
3256:978-90-481-8945-8
2443:, Flamenco singer
2441:Diego "El Cigala"
2423:Los Niños de Sara
2419:, Flamenco dancer
2413:, Flamenco singer
2365:, Flamenco singer
2341:, Flamenco dancer
2277:Ezequiel Calvente
2270:, footballer for
2261:, footballer, ex-
2252:, footballer, ex-
2197:, footballer, ex-
2054:José Heredia Maya
2031:, feminist writer
1875:of the same name.
1577:Assemblies of God
1537:Pope John Paul II
1373:Spanish Civil War
1327:Andalusian Arabic
1226:were recorded in
1171:Iberian Peninsula
1012:and finally into
946:las leyes gitanas
913:), belong to the
878:
877:
480:Kale (Welsh Roma)
305:
304:
283:Roman Catholicism
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
5328:
5174:Canary Islanders
5170:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5103:
5102:
5033:
4598:
4597:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4534:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4485:
4479:
4461:
4455:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4415:
4409:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4220:
4192:
4181:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4127:. 4 March 2018.
4115:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4073:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4012:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3963:(3/4): 399â431.
3948:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3897:
3896:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3840:
3834:
3829:
3823:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3795:
3789:, archived from
3788:
3777:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3750:
3740:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3661:, archived from
3650:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3570:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3532:
3523:
3522:
3512:
3502:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3454:
3446:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3399:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3236:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3163:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3136:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3106:. Archived from
3101:
3093:
3034:
3024:
3014:
2995:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2752:Spanish surnames
2681:Antonia La Negra
2507:Estrella Morente
2474:Manitas de Plata
2396:Vicente Escudero
2279:, ex-footballer
2074:, artist painter
2072:Fabian de Castro
2035:JoaquĂn AlbaicĂn
1957:
1937:
1927:
1919:
1895:Exemplary Novels
1893:and part of his
1832:
1818:Romancero Gitano
1760:
1498:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1462:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1385:Francisco Franco
1189:, that is, from
1004:evolved through
949:('Gypsy laws').
948:
942:
936:
924:
912:
907:
903:
870:
863:
856:
840:
839:
814:Hungarian-Slovak
520:SepeÄides Romani
330:
307:
306:
175:Total population
164:
154:
148:
140:
136:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5321:Romani in Spain
5296:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5280:Genetic history
5268:
5223:
5162:
5135:
5130:
5100:
5095:
5027:
4970:North Macedonia
4779:
4726:
4623:Burgenland Roma
4589:
4580:
4578:Romani diaspora
4575:
4541:
4532:
4526:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4497:
4486:
4482:
4470:, Madrid 2001.
4462:
4458:
4451:(23 June 2016)
4447:
4443:
4436:
4416:
4412:
4406:Wayback Machine
4396:
4392:
4382:
4380:
4379:(in Portuguese)
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4316:
4312:
4302:
4300:
4289:
4285:
4278:
4262:
4258:
4250:
4246:
4238:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4193:
4184:
4179:
4175:
4160:10.2307/3034765
4140:
4136:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4083:Wayback Machine
4074:
4070:
4063:
4059:
4044:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3998:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3976:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3934:
3922:
3911:
3900:
3861:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3826:
3820:Wayback Machine
3811:
3807:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3778:
3774:
3767:
3763:
3713:
3709:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3677:
3673:
3665:
3659:
3648:
3640:
3636:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3607:
3600:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3571:
3562:
3556:Current Biology
3554:
3550:
3533:
3526:
3479:Current Biology
3471:
3464:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3385:
3376:
3374:
3373:. Buscon.rae.es
3369:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3322:
3318:
3295:
3291:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3237:. Vol. 4.
3234:
3225:
3221:
3216:. 19 June 2015.
3208:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3143:
3141:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3082:
3051:
3046:
3008:
2956:Triana, Seville
2946:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2744:
2742:Gitano surnames
2723:Antonio Carmona
2609:Pastora Imperio
2591:Antonio Mairena
2585:Manuel Agujetas
2476:, guitar player
2459:Natalia Jiménez
2437:, French singer
2335:
2304:
2236:Atletico Madrid
2168:
2159:Juan Rosa Mateo
2119:
2100:
2081:
2050:
2025:
2002:political party
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1958:
1947:
1906:
1904:Music and dance
1870:Georges Bizet's
1854:Prosper Mérimée
1848:Manuel de Falla
1833:
1830:
1802:
1721:
1719:Marginalisation
1613:
1529:extreme unction
1517:Roman Catholics
1509:
1426:
1420:
1345:Yevgraf Sorokin
1167:
1146:Romani language
1123:Indic languages
1100:
1094:
1041:
974:
927:Southern France
905:
882:Romani in Spain
874:
829:
711:North Macedonia
557:
556:
553:Romani diaspora
544:
435:Burgenland Roma
416:
415:
272:
170:
167:Spanish Gypsies
155:
135:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5334:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5273:Related topics
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5242:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
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5129:
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5121:
5114:
5106:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5091:United Kingdom
5088:
5083:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5025:Basque Country
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
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4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4870:Czechoslovakia
4867:
4865:Czech Republic
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
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4772:
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4755:
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4727:
4725:
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4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
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4689:
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4678:
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4661:
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4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4604:
4602:
4595:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4536:
4525:
4524:External links
4522:
4519:
4518:
4507:
4480:
4456:
4441:
4434:
4410:
4390:
4363:
4337:
4310:
4283:
4276:
4256:
4244:
4232:
4210:
4182:
4173:
4154:(3): 517â535.
4134:
4110:
4099:
4090:
4068:
4057:
4038:
4007:
3996:
3985:
3974:
3943:
3932:
3898:
3855:
3835:
3824:
3805:
3772:
3761:
3723:(11): e48477,
3707:
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3634:
3621:
3598:
3585:
3560:
3548:
3524:
3462:
3441:
3421:
3414:
3394:
3383:
3362:
3337:
3327:Romani Studies
3316:
3305:(3): 445â461.
3289:
3278:(4): 631â647.
3262:
3255:
3219:
3210:"Roma/Gypsies"
3201:
3189:
3150:
3123:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3062:
3050:
3047:
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2767:
2762:
2743:
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2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2669:Mala RodrĂguez
2666:
2663:Diego Carrasco
2660:
2654:
2648:
2645:Perla de CĂĄdiz
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2567:Remedios Amaya
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2543:Dolores Vargas
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2477:
2471:
2468:Jorge GonzĂĄlez
2465:
2456:
2453:Beatriz Luengo
2450:
2447:JoaquĂn CortĂ©s
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2406:Rumba flamenca
2399:
2393:
2390:Rosario Flores
2387:
2384:Antonio Flores
2381:
2375:
2366:
2363:Manolo Caracol
2360:
2354:
2351:Los Chunguitos
2348:
2345:Isabel Pantoja
2342:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2314:Faustino Reyes
2311:
2303:
2302:Other athletes
2300:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2250:Marcos MĂĄrquez
2247:
2245:Rayo Vallecano
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2142:Antonio Flores
2135:
2129:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2041:Matéo Maximoff
2038:
2032:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2003:
1993:
1979:
1976:
1964:as the Romani
1962:Carlotta Grisi
1959:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1924:rumba catalana
1916:rumba flamenca
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1887:
1876:
1851:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1801:
1798:
1720:
1717:
1703:rumba flamenca
1622:A traditional
1612:
1609:
1573:New-Protestant
1508:
1505:
1457:Historically,
1422:Main article:
1419:
1416:
1319:etymologically
1313:, in his book
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1166:
1163:
1155:northern India
1096:Main article:
1093:
1090:
1040:
1037:
973:
970:
958:Pentecostalism
876:
875:
873:
872:
865:
858:
850:
847:
846:
845:
844:
831:
830:
828:
827:
822:
817:
807:
796:United Kingdom
793:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
626:Czechoslovakia
623:
621:Czech Republic
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
551:
550:
549:
546:
545:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
413:
412:
411:
408:
407:
406:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
332:
331:
323:
322:
316:
315:
303:
302:
295:
294:
290:
289:
287:Evangelicalism
279:
278:
274:
273:
271:
270:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
230:
225:
220:
214:
211:
210:
206:
205:
187:
186:
182:
181:
177:
176:
172:
171:
165:
157:
156:
143:
133:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5333:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5311:Romani groups
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5189:Extremadurans
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:ethnic groups
5142:
5138:
5134:
5127:
5122:
5120:
5115:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5081:United States
5079:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5031:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:Servitka Roma
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4613:Bergitka Roma
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4572:
4567:
4565:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4540:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4516:
4511:
4495:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4476:84-239-2289-8
4473:
4469:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4450:
4445:
4437:
4435:9781902806051
4431:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4414:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4394:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4260:
4253:
4248:
4241:
4236:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4177:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4103:
4094:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4061:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4011:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3978:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3941:
3936:
3929:
3928:public domain
3919:. p. 99.
3918:
3917:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3859:
3848:
3847:
3839:
3833:
3828:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3809:
3796:on 2016-08-20
3792:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3770:
3765:
3758:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3668:on 2016-03-04
3664:
3660:
3654:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3624:
3622:9781858286358
3618:
3614:
3613:
3605:
3603:
3588:
3586:9780786494705
3582:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3552:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3531:
3529:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3467:
3458:
3452:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3372:
3366:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3258:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3232:
3223:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3198:
3193:
3186:
3184:
3167:
3160:
3154:
3140:
3133:
3132:"Estimations"
3127:
3113:on 2017-10-10
3109:
3105:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2972:George Borrow
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
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2816:
2814:
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2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:or Altamirano
2760:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2711:Pilar Montoya
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:Lole y Manuel
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2657:Moraito Chico
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
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2607:
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2598:
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2589:
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2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2549:Gerardo NĂșñez
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Catalan rumba
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
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2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
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2409:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2378:Lolita Flores
2376:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2357:AzĂșcar Moreno
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2286:TĂ©ji Savanier
2284:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:UD Las Palmas
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:UD Las Palmas
2251:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2241:Antonio Amaya
2239:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:Carlos Aranda
2221:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:Real Zaragoza
2196:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:Rogelio DurĂĄn
2121:
2120:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:Silvia AgĂŒero
2027:
2026:
2017:
2016:SĂ©fora Vargas
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1926:
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1918:
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1911:
1898:
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1877:
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1866:
1861:
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1855:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1843:El Amor Brujo
1839:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1800:In literature
1797:
1795:
1790:
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1563:
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1552:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1491:Spanish slang
1487:
1481:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1424:CalĂł language
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1325:derives from
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
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1297:
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1126:
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1120:
1115:
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1089:
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1026:
1022:
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1007:
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983:
979:
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941:
935:
934:
928:
923:
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864:
859:
857:
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851:
849:
848:
843:
835:
834:
833:
832:
826:
823:
821:
818:
815:
811:
810:United States
808:
805:
801:
797:
794:
791:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
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749:
747:
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742:
739:
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734:
732:
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724:
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659:
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629:
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622:
619:
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584:
582:
579:
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572:
569:
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564:
562:
559:
558:
554:
548:
547:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
525:Servitka Roma
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
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461:
458:
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453:
451:
448:
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443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
430:Bergitka Roma
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
410:
409:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
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366:
364:
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359:
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354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
334:
333:
329:
325:
324:
321:
320:Romani people
318:
317:
313:
309:
308:
301:
300:Romani people
296:
291:
288:
284:
280:
275:
268:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
238:
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231:
229:
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207:
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183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
147:
141:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: â
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
5239:Iberian Kale
5234:
5164:
4643:Finnish Kale
4638:Erromintxela
4542:(in Spanish)
4533:(in English)
4530:Romani union
4510:
4498:. Retrieved
4496:(in Spanish)
4493:
4483:
4463:
4459:
4448:
4444:
4420:
4413:
4393:
4381:. Retrieved
4376:
4366:
4354:. Retrieved
4350:
4340:
4330:20 September
4328:. Retrieved
4326:(in Spanish)
4323:
4313:
4303:20 September
4301:. Retrieved
4299:(in Spanish)
4296:
4286:
4266:
4259:
4247:
4235:
4223:. Retrieved
4200:
4176:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4122:
4113:
4102:
4093:
4087:(in Spanish)
4071:
4060:
4051:
4041:
4029:. Retrieved
4024:
4018:
4010:
3999:
3988:
3977:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3935:
3915:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3845:
3838:
3827:
3813:UniĂłn RomanĂ
3808:
3798:, retrieved
3791:the original
3782:
3775:
3764:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3702:Live Science
3701:
3692:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3663:the original
3644:
3637:
3626:. Retrieved
3611:
3590:. Retrieved
3575:
3555:
3551:
3540:
3482:
3478:
3431:
3424:
3404:
3397:
3386:
3375:. Retrieved
3365:
3353:. Retrieved
3349:
3340:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3230:
3222:
3213:
3204:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3175:15 September
3173:. Retrieved
3166:the original
3153:
3142:. Retrieved
3138:
3126:
3115:. Retrieved
3108:the original
3103:
3069:
2948:Spain portal
2745:
2621:El Lebrijano
2597:Manuel Torre
2513:Niña Pastori
2435:Kendji Girac
2369:El PescaĂlla
2339:Carmen Amaya
2214:Carlos Muñoz
2210:(Sevilla FC)
2176:Arsenal F.C.
2132:Pastora Vega
2127:Noomi Rapace
2104:Helios GĂłmez
1965:
1943:
1907:
1879:
1865:femme fatale
1863:
1857:
1841:
1837:
1825:
1816:
1805:
1803:
1794:Pew Research
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1699:rumba gitana
1698:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1614:
1604:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1571:The Spanish
1570:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1555:patron saint
1551:Sara-la-Kali
1540:
1535:. In 1997,
1525:confirmation
1512:
1510:
1469:Erromintxela
1456:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1393:
1388:
1376:
1370:
1362:
1330:fellah mengu
1329:
1322:
1314:
1311:Blas Infante
1305:
1304:
1293:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1243:
1239:
1223:
1217:
1212:King Alfonso
1209:
1190:
1179:
1168:
1151:
1127:
1116:
1101:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
981:
977:
975:
961:
951:
899:
889:
888:
881:
879:
765:
469:
460:Judeo-Romani
450:Crimean Roma
237:Erromintxela
166:
134:Ethnic group
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
5285:Immigration
5179:Cantabrians
5163:(including
5150:Andalusians
5049:Switzerland
5028: [
4980:Netherlands
4682:Polska Roma
4670:Muslim Roma
4601:Uncontested
4587:Settlements
4383:13 February
4324:elDiario.es
4297:elDiario.es
4031:13 February
3510:10230/25348
3355:23 December
3009: [
2857:Pereiro or
2800:or Guiterez
2769:Antunes or
2729:La Macanita
2693:Alba Molina
2627:Paco Cepero
2525:Juan Villar
2495:Los Chichos
2402:Gipsy Kings
2373:Lola Flores
2308:Rafael Soto
2292:JesĂșs Navas
2259:LĂłpez Ramos
2218:Real Oviedo
2138:Alba Flores
2110:Juan Vargas
2012:(1936â1939)
1908:The art of
1581:Pentecostal
1471:. Very few
1465:para-Romani
1446:Cante jondo
1434:España cañĂ
1371:During the
1256:arrived at
996:supplanted
986:Old Spanish
954:patrigroups
842:WikiProject
776:Switzerland
721:Netherlands
706:New Zealand
505:Polska Roma
420:Afro-Romani
403:Settlements
338:Archaeology
5300:Categories
5214:Valencians
5184:Castilians
5141:Indigenous
4965:Montenegro
4788:By country
4722:Welsh Kale
4687:Ruska Roma
4500:3 February
3800:2018-05-20
3628:2016-05-21
3592:2016-05-21
3377:2013-08-15
3144:2016-05-21
3117:2016-05-21
3044:References
2962:Sacromonte
2750:, several
2735:Pansequito
2731:, cantaora
2719:, cantaora
2713:, bailaora
2683:, cantaora
2677:, cantaora
2675:La Serneta
2647:, cantaora
2615:Chiquetete
2611:, bailaora
2569:, cantaora
2555:Mario Maya
2531:José Mercé
2519:Belén Maya
2501:Las Grecas
2417:Farruquito
2296:Sevilla FC
2281:Real Betis
2232:Ivan Amaya
2227:Sevilla FC
2195:JesĂșs Seba
2180:Sevilla FC
2112:, sculptor
2062:, sculptor
1850:is Romani.
1632:casamiento
1628:pedimiento
1511:In Spain,
1066:Sevillanas
1064:music and
929:(known as
701:Montenegro
555:by country
515:Ruska Roma
510:Romanichal
82:newspapers
5245:Sephardim
5219:Galicians
5209:Balearics
5160:Asturians
5155:Aragonese
4950:Lithuania
4810:Australia
4805:Argentina
4765:Bosha/Lom
4731:Contested
4702:SepeÄides
4648:Kalderash
4628:Cascarots
4594:Subgroups
3451:cite book
2992:Cascarots
2910:Carretero
2798:Gutiérrez
2785:FernĂĄndez
2737:, cantaor
2701:, cantaor
2699:Rancapino
2651:Manzanita
2635:, cantaor
2617:, cantaor
2599:, cantaor
2593:, cantaor
2587:, cantaor
2579:La Chunga
2503:, singers
2497:, singers
2134:, actress
2093:, blessed
2087:, blessed
1792:The 2016
1713:elopement
1648:ajuntaora
1617:Virginity
1245:grecianos
1228:Barcelona
1204:Alfonso V
1199:Perpignan
1187:Tingitani
1108:Rajasthan
1104:Hindustan
1033:Egyptians
976:The term
925:) and in
893:, or the
825:Venezuela
691:Lithuania
571:Australia
566:Argentina
500:RomanisĂŠl
465:Kalderash
445:Cascarots
253:Aragonese
209:Languages
203:Catalonia
191:Andalusia
112:July 2022
71:"Gitanos"
5264:Criollos
5204:Catalans
5015:Slovenia
5010:Slovakia
4990:Portugal
4850:Colombia
4840:Bulgaria
4665:Manouche
4658:Machvaya
4449:El Mundo
4402:Archived
4216:Archived
4198:(2016).
4129:Archived
4079:Archived
3969:40552983
3894:36365458
3886:18205888
3816:Archived
3757:23209554
3717:PLOS ONE
3519:23219723
3350:Dirae.es
3071:Clothing
3037:Mallorca
3006:Maragato
2934:See also
2925:Escudero
2920:GonzĂĄlez
2903:or Vilar
2890:Santiago
2875:Sandoval
2759:Altamira
2748:endogamy
2695:, singer
2671:, singer
2561:Tomatito
2509:, singer
2470:, singer
2000:Citizens
1942:Notable
1930:guaracha
1910:Flamenco
1829:â
1695:bulerĂas
1611:Marriage
1521:marriage
1507:Religion
1418:Language
1334:Moriscos
1323:flamenco
1232:Zaragoza
1193:, today
1110:and the
1062:flamenco
1047:and non-
1039:Identity
1002:egiptano
998:egiptano
982:egiptano
933:tsiganes
804:Scotland
761:Slovenia
756:Slovakia
736:Portugal
606:Colombia
601:Bulgaria
495:Machvaya
398:Religion
373:Language
363:Folklore
312:a series
310:Part of
277:Religion
258:Manouche
248:Asturian
243:Galician
195:Valencia
5259:Isleños
5235:Gypsies
5199:Basques
5194:Leonese
5086:Uruguay
5069:Ukraine
5059:Tunisia
4995:Romania
4960:Moldova
4920:Ireland
4910:Hungary
4900:Germany
4895:Georgia
4885:Estonia
4875:Denmark
4855:Croatia
4825:Belgium
4820:Belarus
4815:Austria
4800:Algeria
4795:Albania
4753:Kawliya
4748:Garachi
4675:Zargari
4377:PĂBLICO
4168:3034765
4144:gitanos
4124:YouTube
4065:Gitanos
4019:gitanos
3748:3509117
3725:Bibcode
3487:Bibcode
3334:(1): 4.
3183:Gitanos
3139:Gfbv.it
3049:Sources
2978:Quinqui
2966:Granada
2929:Ximénez
2880:Salazar
2859:Pereira
2848:Morgade
2829:Montoya
2820:or Maya
2813:Giménez
2809:Jiménez
2804:Heredia
2771:AntĂșnez
2746:Due to
2705:Sabicas
2322:, boxer
2316:, boxer
1967:Paquita
1944:gitanos
1935:gitanos
1838:Candela
1787:Ciganos
1783:ciganos
1755:52% of
1749:gitanos
1745:gitanos
1741:gitanos
1737:gitanos
1733:gitanos
1709:Gitanos
1681:gitanos
1677:gitanos
1668:el yeli
1652:pañuelo
1644:pañuelo
1636:el yeli
1605:gitanos
1585:gitanos
1566:gitanos
1562:Gitanos
1553:is the
1513:gitanos
1496:gitanos
1486:gitanos
1480:gitanos
1474:gitanos
1460:gitanos
1389:gitanos
1377:gitanos
1347:, 1853.
1306:Gitanos
1300:Granada
1264:gitanos
1254:gitanos
1240:gitanos
1224:Gitanos
1195:Tangier
1180:gitanos
1142:Bengali
1138:Marwari
1134:Punjabi
1078:gitanos
1074:gitanos
1010:egitano
1006:elision
994:egipcio
962:gitanos
940:gitanos
921:ciganos
900:gitanos
886:endonym
820:Uruguay
786:Ukraine
741:Romania
716:Moldova
671:Ireland
666:Hungary
656:Germany
651:Georgia
641:Finland
636:Estonia
631:Denmark
611:Croatia
586:Belgium
581:Belarus
576:Austria
561:Albania
540:Zargari
490:LÄutari
455:Gurbeti
368:History
348:Culture
343:Cuisine
267:Aranese
263:Occitan
228:Catalan
223:Spanish
152:Gitanos
96:scholar
5253:Xuetas
5074:Crimea
5064:Turkey
5044:Sweden
5005:Serbia
5000:Russia
4985:Poland
4975:Norway
4955:Mexico
4940:Latvia
4935:Kosovo
4925:Israel
4905:Greece
4890:France
4860:Cyprus
4845:Canada
4835:Brazil
4717:Ursari
4653:Lovari
4618:Boyash
4608:Arlije
4474:
4468:Espasa
4432:
4274:
4208:
4166:
3967:
3892:
3884:
3755:
3745:
3655:
3619:
3583:
3517:
3439:
3412:
3253:
3104:Msc.es
2901:Villar
2895:Vargas
2843:Moreno
2824:Molina
2790:Flores
2780:Cortés
2573:Falete
2489:Camela
2429:Ketama
2272:MĂĄlaga
1970:(1844)
1880:Gitana
1859:Carmen
1806:gitano
1779:gitano
1775:cigano
1758:gitano
1729:gitano
1725:Gitano
1690:gadjos
1673:Gitano
1661:honour
1640:honour
1624:gitano
1601:Moses'
1593:gitano
1589:gitano
1544:martyr
1541:gitano
1527:, and
1412:gitano
1408:gitano
1381:regime
1258:Madrid
1242:, the
1191:Tingis
1112:Punjab
1092:Origin
1082:gitano
1070:gitano
1057:gitano
1049:gitano
1045:gitano
1021:gitano
1014:gitano
990:Egipto
978:gitano
895:exonym
790:Crimea
781:Turkey
771:Sweden
751:Serbia
746:Russia
731:Poland
726:Norway
696:Mexico
686:Latvia
681:Kosovo
661:Greece
646:France
616:Cyprus
596:Brazil
535:Ursari
485:Lovari
440:Boyash
425:Arlije
393:People
298:Other
233:Basque
199:Madrid
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
5054:Syria
5039:Sudan
5032:]
5020:Spain
4945:Libya
4930:Italy
4880:Egypt
4775:Lyuli
4758:Nawar
4712:Sinti
4356:4 May
4225:4 May
4219:(PDF)
4164:JSTOR
3965:JSTOR
3890:S2CID
3850:(PDF)
3794:(PDF)
3787:(PDF)
3666:(PDF)
3649:(PDF)
3235:(PDF)
3169:(PDF)
3162:(PDF)
3135:(JPG)
3111:(PDF)
3100:(PDF)
3080:Notes
3066:Dress
3031:Xueta
3013:]
2984:Cagot
2915:PĂ©rez
2885:Santi
2870:Reyes
2853:Motos
2838:Monje
2834:Monge
2818:Malla
2765:Amaya
2480:Peret
2204:Diego
1873:opera
1846:, by
1685:payos
1501:Cheli
1184:Latin
1130:Hindi
1025:Gypsy
1008:into
766:Spain
676:Italy
530:Sinti
388:Names
383:Music
378:Media
358:Dress
353:Dance
103:JSTOR
89:books
5306:Calé
4915:Iraq
4770:Lori
4502:2020
4472:ISBN
4430:ISBN
4385:2020
4358:2021
4332:2024
4305:2024
4272:ISBN
4227:2021
4206:ISBN
4033:2020
3882:PMID
3753:PMID
3653:ISBN
3617:ISBN
3581:ISBN
3515:PMID
3457:link
3437:ISBN
3410:ISBN
3357:2017
3251:ISBN
3177:2010
2906:Viso
1920:and
1804:The
1597:Jews
1579:and
1440:cañĂ
1366:raid
1236:Jaén
1230:and
1159:ážoma
1132:and
1086:Kale
1053:payo
972:Name
890:Calé
880:The
800:term
218:CalĂł
201:and
146:Calé
75:news
4743:Dom
4156:doi
4146:".
3874:doi
3743:PMC
3733:doi
3505:hdl
3495:doi
3307:doi
3280:doi
3243:doi
3059:PDF
2836:or
2811:or
2182:...
2010:CNT
1991:MEP
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1701:or
1383:of
966:CIS
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