1453:, composing of nine justices, who oversaw the constitutionality of legislation (treaties, statutes, regulations), ensured election and referendum oversight, and arbitrated legislative disputes between the President and National Assembly. This followed a broader trend during post-war Europe to establish specialized judiciary tribunals to serve as a bulwark against unconstitutional legislative activities. However, the Council was quite limited in its power under de Gaulle’s presidency and was only decisive when it erroneously upheld a popular referendum to streamline the popular presidential election via the Constitution. Following
3394:
1721:
1045:, where a president appoints a prime minister from the new parliamentary majority. During cohabitation, besides powers reserved to the president by the Constitution, all other government powers would be exercised by the prime minister. In 2000, the Constitution was amended by shortening the president's term of office from seven years to five, coinciding with the term of Parliament. The amendment means the presidential election would take place around the parliamentary election, making it more likely to have winners who agree with one another and make cohabitation less likely.
1496:—indivisibility, secularism, democracy, equal opportunity). Thus, according to the Council, the actions taken violated the collective principles of the Constitutional Block. Prior to the 1971 Freedom of Association Decision, the Council could only verify laws under the explicit textual stipulation of the 1958 Constitution. Since the 1971 decision, the Constitutional Court obtained an enhanced role in judicial review by having a broader constitutional basis to review alleged legislative breaches, curbing the goal of
324:
5574:
5536:
279:
263:
1265:
1518:
5562:
842:
1247:(article 11) or a parliamentary process with presidential consent. The normal procedure of constitutional amendment is that the amendment must be adopted in identical terms by both houses of Parliament and then must be adopted by a simple majority in a referendum or by a three-fifths supermajority of the
1206:
began to heat up, and
Parliament was unable to deal with it. Charles de Gaulle, a private citizen at the time, realized that the way out was to have a more powerful executive and a weaker Parliament; when he was finally invited to form a new government in 1958 and write a constitution, his ideas
1687:
ruled that it can only review legislative acts for unconstitutionality, not executive acts; since the referendum was proposed by the executive, it was unreviewable. Since a referendum expressed the will of the sovereign people, the
Council ruled that the amendment had been adopted. Some scholars had
1710:
On 4 March 2024, Parliament amended
Article 34 in a 780 to 72 vote. This amendment made France, as of passage, the only nation to guarantee the right to an abortion. The amendment describes abortion as a "guaranteed freedom"; while Yugoslavia included similar measures in 1974 guaranteeing the right
1702:
by a margin of two votes. The changes, when finalized, introduced a consecutive two-term limit for the presidency, gave
Parliament a veto over some presidential appointments, ended government control over Parliament's committee system, allowed Parliament to set its own agenda, allowed the president
1201:
of the newly founded Fourth
Republic expressly forbade it. Part of the reason for this, was a lot of squabbling among numerous small political parties in Parliament, who were unable to agree on anything and were ineffective in passing legislation. This became especially problematic in the 1950s, as
1196:
explicitly forbade the
Parliament to delegate its responsibility, within five years this was ignored and had occurred several times. In 1939, in the runup to the Second World War, Parliament gave the government the power to enact decrees to protect the country. This practice became entrenched after
1674:
In 1962, Charles de Gaulle proposed that the president be elected by direct suffrage. He bypassed the amendment procedure by directly sending a constitutional amendment to referendum (article 11). The Art. 11 procedure was envisioned as a procedure for proposing legislation, including changing the
1484:, better known as the 1971 Freedom of Association Decision. In such, the Council broke precedent by striking down legislation that allegedly violated the right to freedom of association, thereby fostering the “Constitutional Block.” The Block consisted of the 1958 Constitution, explicit standards (
1214:
In the original version of
Article 37, everything that was not reserved to the legislative domain in article was of a regulatory character (i.e., under control of the executive branch), although that clause was removed later. Since 1982, the legislative domain expanded, and since the landmark 1971
1117:
may be issued by
Parliament upon request of the government to temporarily delegate Parliament's constitutional law-making power to the government in a specifically defined subject area and for a specific length of time. While in effect, Parliament is blocked from issuing statutes in that area, and
1178:
of 1789, and the role of the executive branch was only to execute it. In theory, Parliament would specify general laws, and the executive could only make regulations about how to apply the laws to day-to-day situations. In practice, this turned out differently, as
Parliament on its own initiative
1064:
A unique feature of the
Constitution of the Fifth Republic is that it establishes a shared law-making power between two branches of government, the legislative branch, where such powers resided in previous constitutions, and the executive branch headed by the president and his appointed prime
1021:
is very weak for a parliamentary system. Parliament has a limited legislative competence: article 34 of the Constitution lists domains exclusive to parliamentary legislation, but the remaining domains are left to the executive's regulations. The president also has the crucial powers to call a
1013:
with a symbolic president and a prime minister who directs the government. This reading is supported by Articles 5 and 21 of the Constitution, which respectively states that the president is a Guardian of the State and of the Constitution, while the prime minister has the power to decide on
2042:
See e.g. articles 5, 12, 19, and 64, on the role of the President of the Republic, the right to dissolve the National Assembly, the personal powers of the President, and the power to appoint three members of the Conseil constitutionnel, among whom is its
1223:, such as the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and the 1946 constitutional preamble, which were henceforth part of the legislative domain. and after further reforms in 1996, the legislative domain has more power than was originally thought in 1958.
1370:
derived from law and the practice of law in general), there were no such restrictions on legislation. It was assumed that unelected judges and other appointees should not be able to overrule laws voted for by the directly elected French parliament.
2735:
1038:. De Gaulle always supported the second interpretation of the constitution, in favor of a powerful president. The first socialist president, François Mitterrand, elected in 1981, also supported this interpretation.
2559:
3315:
1173:
Power sharing was unique in being part of the constitution in the Fifth Republic, but the practice was not recent. The determination that Parliament has responsibility for the law goes back to article 6 of the
1033:
Charles de Gaulle, the first president of the Fifth Republic, was instrumental in the adoption of the new constitution, as he was called back from retirement and narrowly avoided a coup resulting from the
3043:
1679:
was approved by 62% of the vote but only 46% of registered voters. The amendment permitted the establishment of a popularly-elected presidency, which would otherwise have been vetoed by the Parliament.
1052:, the selection of the Government, the powers of each and the relations between them. It ensures judicial authority and creates a High Court (a never-as-yet-convened court for trying the Government), a
3378:
1904:
1231:
It enables the ratification of international treaties and those associated with the European Union. It is unclear whether the wording, especially the reserves of reciprocity, is compatible with
1095:
1091:
3264:
2682:
3216:
3211:
3201:
2592:
3383:
3259:
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1688:
regarded the amendment as a post hoc manifestation of the constituent power, which is the inherent power of the people to bypass an existing constitution to adopt a new constitution.
1099:
1102:
a portion of its constitutional law-making power to the government to enable rapid consummation of urgent legislation, by passing an enabling law of legislative delegation called a
1663:
The Constitution, in Article 89, has an amending formula. First, a constitutional bill must be approved by both houses of Parliament. Then, the bill must either be approved by the
3526:
5082:
3373:
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Beginning in 1986, elections have from time to time resulted in Parliaments with a majority that did not support the president. Such periods as known in France as
4108:
3457:
3438:
3471:
1444:
1068:
Parliament has the fundamental responsibility for passing legislation in the Fifth Republic. There are two Houses of Parliament, the National Assembly and the
1072:. The Assembly is directly elected, and the more important, and has primary power in passing legislation; the Senate can delay, but ultimately not block it.
459:
2663:
2433:
3358:
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1485:
1414:
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351:
1582:
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17:
1554:
4648:
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2723:
2141:
International treaties enter into domestic legal system by law which, according to the French Constitution (Article 55), has above-the-primary rank:
1030:. While Parliament may make a vote of no confidence on the government, since 1962 a majority in the National Assembly has supported the Government.
266:
791:
1561:
1493:
3484:
1457:, the Council entertained greater judicial power and discretion upon adjudicating in the consequential political crisis. The staunch Gaullist
5237:
4760:
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4000:
3163:
3008:
5477:
5348:
1676:
1568:
879:
5057:
3363:
2317:"Law, History, and Memory: "Republican Moments" and the Legitimacy of Constitutional Review in France – Columbia Journal of European Law"
3073:
1421:
1969:
1084:
639:
475:
1550:
1130:
comes into effect immediately, but must be ratified by Parliament before the end of the period or it expires. Until ratification, the
3773:
3308:
3289:
3158:
1704:
1329:
1080:
944:
2648:
1892:
https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/le-bloc-de-constitutionnalite/texte-integral-de-la-constitution-du-4-octobre-1958-en-vigueur
1301:
5220:
3599:
1811:"The National Assembly alone votes Statutes. It cannot delegate this power." —French Constitution of 27 October 1946, Article 13.
1282:
2144:
4710:
4148:
4133:
4050:
3196:
3014:
2779:
1489:
1308:
852:
5368:
5306:
5152:
4922:
4641:
3901:
3254:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3153:
3148:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3108:
2819:
2634:
2615:
2530:
2381:
2145:"IncompatibilitĂ tra parlamento italiano ed europeo: le "contraddizioni" costituzionali e i paletti ai consiglieri regionali"
2019:
1987:
1732:
1692:
1454:
1076:
84:
4532:
3143:
2656:
Martin A. Rogoff, "French Constitutional Law: Cases and Materials" – Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2010.
2460:
5400:
5171:
5077:
4255:
4018:
3674:
3664:
3422:
2859:
1366:
Prior to 1971, though executive, administrative and judicial decisions had to comply with the general principles of law (
1087:
republics, where the government could not be installed until Parliament had received the pledge from the prime minister.
910:
745:
1315:
528:
4917:
4730:
4103:
3244:
2990:
2490:
1575:
1208:
543:
922:
5358:
5289:
5140:
4983:
4755:
4075:
4060:
3249:
3002:
2500:
1601:
1481:
1348:
914:
828:
620:
486:
404:
5604:
5594:
5294:
5198:
4634:
4343:
4184:
4138:
3566:
2812:
1781:
1776:
1684:
1297:
1175:
918:
872:
722:
610:
580:
1407:
1391:
630:
5318:
5110:
5050:
4998:
4950:
4842:
4837:
2835:
1832:
1450:
1216:
1053:
727:
506:
210:
31:
5024:
4363:
3938:
1286:
800:
2657:
2199:
1786:
4955:
4802:
4286:
3906:
3847:
3842:
3339:
2924:
2901:
2341:
1742:
1382:
1220:
780:
770:
737:
454:
5450:
3928:
511:
4960:
4614:
4353:
3832:
3669:
2918:
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2755:
1473:
twice, which he deemed a threat to the public order and national security. This led to opposition from the
379:
2224:
4471:
4191:
4065:
4055:
3803:
3644:
3592:
3368:
3083:
2978:
2966:
2877:
2865:
2608:
Annuaire des engagements internationaux ayant fait l'objet d'une loi d'autorisation sous la Ve RĂ©publique
1501:
1435:
1198:
986:
865:
785:
765:
758:
516:
305:
249:
1500:
from 1958 of maintaining a strong executive. Since the ruling, the Constitutional Council has added the
1179:
sometimes passed acts delegating to the executive the right to alter or void acts of Parliament, called
414:
389:
5552:
5539:
5395:
5043:
4902:
4872:
4832:
4812:
4792:
4695:
4382:
4303:
4070:
3980:
3959:
3659:
3649:
3639:
2906:
1766:
1466:
1027:
677:
450:
188:
167:
1449:
One of the cornerstones of the Constitution of the French Fifth Republic was the establishment of the
575:
5281:
5215:
4988:
4807:
4562:
4318:
4233:
4206:
4123:
3918:
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1158:
from 1960 to 1990, with effective periods from one month to three and a half years, resulting in 150
1042:
775:
1711:
to "decide on having children", the French amendment is the first to explicitly guarantee abortion.
1322:
5455:
5008:
4993:
4940:
4887:
4882:
4857:
4715:
4143:
4113:
3718:
3206:
1747:
1621:, which means that everybody must be able to access free public services and be helped when needed.
1006:
998:
521:
399:
193:
4978:
1979:
5609:
4912:
4862:
4822:
4780:
4775:
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4740:
4735:
4720:
4705:
4700:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4399:
4281:
4228:
4174:
4128:
3817:
3113:
2786:
1752:
1528:
1275:
732:
337:
5430:
5373:
1470:
1001:
system of government, with two competing readings. On one hand, the executive branch has both a
570:
5498:
5336:
5232:
5210:
5003:
4945:
4907:
4897:
4877:
4867:
4852:
4847:
4827:
4797:
4765:
4725:
4504:
4466:
4424:
4409:
4201:
4023:
3923:
3585:
3020:
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1504:
to France’s Constitutional Block, demonstrating France’s newfound tenacity in judicial review.
823:
3331:
1859:
5460:
5253:
5227:
4892:
4817:
4787:
4429:
4419:
4211:
4035:
3943:
3878:
3561:
3098:
3032:
2984:
2871:
1462:
1189:
1010:
932:
717:
696:
344:
2703:
2434:"France becomes the only country to explicitly guarantee abortion as a constitutional right"
1720:
1703:
to address Parliament in-session and ended the president's right of collective pardon. (See
1461:
was elected as de Gaulle’s replacement. He faced a political crisis when his Prime Minister
5599:
5242:
5176:
4454:
3995:
3933:
3822:
3713:
3452:
2972:
1624:
1094:, where the prime minister has the power to make legislation. In another unique feature in
1049:
424:
366:
184:
175:
159:
8:
5503:
5247:
5181:
4537:
4494:
4414:
4368:
4245:
4238:
4218:
4179:
4091:
3883:
3852:
3827:
3793:
3695:
3690:
3393:
2912:
2270:
1400:
1002:
710:
585:
561:
499:
374:
213:, reviews the constitutionality of laws; no other part of the court system is referenced.
206:
180:
154:
2258:
925:, democracy, social welfare, and indivisibility as core principles of the French state.
463:
5353:
4449:
4394:
4348:
4196:
4162:
3746:
3556:
3417:
1771:
1664:
1232:
818:
615:
314:
2174:
2152:
5513:
5493:
5418:
5125:
5066:
4595:
4577:
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4557:
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4444:
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4118:
4045:
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3768:
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3634:
3611:
2630:
2611:
2536:
2526:
2506:
2496:
2377:
2232:
2025:
2015:
1983:
1871:
1863:
1737:
1075:
Traditionally, the prime minister is the executive branch's liaison with Parliament;
1018:
928:
551:
443:
228:
144:
129:
931:
was the main driving force in introducing the new constitution and inaugurating the
479:
5507:
5331:
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5130:
5117:
4509:
4461:
4333:
4308:
3798:
3300:
2895:
2883:
2664:"Fifty years of constitutional evolution in France: The 2008 amendments and beyond"
2266:
1975:
1757:
1695:, but the "No" prevailed, causing Charles de Gaulle to resign from the presidency.
1458:
1143:
686:
625:
430:
3971:
3810:
3237:
1698:
On 21 July 2008, Parliament passed constitutional reforms championed by President
605:
209:
is established for presidential Impeachment purposes; an extra-judicial body, the
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4604:
4567:
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4489:
4404:
3964:
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2954:
2942:
2930:
2520:
1699:
1645:
1641:
1628:
1474:
1248:
1203:
1069:
903:
600:
470:
385:
163:
3950:
2406:
1691:
Article 11 was used for constitutional changes for the second and final time in
936:
30:
This article is about the current constitution. For a more general article, see
5470:
4527:
4522:
4514:
4338:
4296:
3873:
1637:, which means that the Parliament and the Government are elected by the people.
1618:
101:
1480:
Consequently, in 1971, the Constitutional Council ruled its landmark decision
1079:
says they must pledge this role. This is weaker than the constitutions of the
323:
5588:
5566:
5276:
4609:
4439:
4223:
3911:
2948:
2369:
2236:
2029:
1875:
1867:
1850:
République française; Secrétariat général du gouvernement (19 October 2022).
1367:
846:
648:
410:
126:
2540:
2014:. Tushnet, Mark V., 1945- (Third ed.). St. Paul, MN: Foundation Press.
1490:
the Preamble to the Constitution of the Fourth Republic or 1946 Constitution
5343:
5326:
4657:
4323:
4028:
3985:
3785:
3756:
2996:
2936:
2510:
1761:
1056:(an innovation of the Fifth Republic), and an Economic and Social Council.
1035:
971:
79:
4626:
2804:
2593:
The French Constitution of 1958 – I. The Final Text and its Prospects
1640:
Indivisibility, which means that the French people are united in a single
5193:
3990:
3893:
3738:
2259:"The History and Growth of Judicial Review: The G-20 Civil Law Countries"
1211:, including the legislative power sharing defined in Articles 21 and 38.
1152:), and can no longer be challenged. In practice, there have been 23 such
979:
2123:
2111:
5578:
4499:
3728:
3498:
3462:
2683:
The French Constitution of 1958 – II. The Initial Draft and its Origins
2060:
2058:
1668:
1614:
In the Constitution are written the principles of the French Republic:
1244:
1170:
is a new constitutional feature, not present in earlier constitutions.
1023:
658:
653:
282:
270:
218:
121:
1164:. About a third of them were subsequently ratified by Parliament. The
668:
3837:
2099:
2070:
1634:
975:
595:
201:
5573:
5035:
3507:
2055:
1517:
1264:
1146:; but after ratification, it takes on the same status as a statute (
1048:
The Constitution provides for the election of the president and the
5465:
2645:
L'idée de République et la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel
1497:
132:
27:
Principles, institutions and law of political governance in France
3751:
3619:
2292:"Decision no. 71-44 DC of 16 July 1971 | Conseil constitutionnel"
1851:
663:
590:
3577:
2736:"Texte intégral de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 en vigueur"
2519:
Elliott, Catherine; Jeanpierre, Eric; Vernon, Catherine (2006).
1243:
The Constitution also sets out methods for its own amendment: a
5363:
4661:
4040:
3608:
3427:
2089:
2087:
2085:
967:
72:
2461:"French Lawmakers Enshrine Access to Abortion in Constitution"
1968:
Bell, John; Boyron, Sophie; Whittaker, Simon (27 March 2008).
3374:
Fundamental principles recognized by the laws of the Republic
3089:
Fundamental principles recognized by the laws of the Republic
1683:
The referendum was highly controversial at the time, but the
1429:
Fundamental principles recognized by the laws of the Republic
1251:, a joint session of both houses of Parliament (article 89).
2082:
1667:, a special joint session of both houses, or submitted to a
1185:. This practice slowly found its way into the Constitution.
5520:
4313:
3723:
1854:[The public service for dissemination of the law].
1486:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789
1477:, whose president appealed to the Constitutional Council.
896:
was adopted on 4 October 1958. It is typically called the
1659:
Constitutional amendments under the Fifth French Republic
992:
2629:. Aide-mémoire (in French) (7 ed.). Paris: Sirey.
2624:
2610:. Logiques juridiques (in French). Paris: L'Harmattan.
2518:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2076:
2064:
1858:. Direction de l'information légale et administrative.
1852:"LĂ©gifrance Le service public de la diffusion du droit"
1627:, which means that the churches are separated from the
2566:(in French): 9151–9173. 5 October 1958. Archived from
2225:"France: The Referendum: De Gaulle Has as Good as Won"
5550:
2525:(Second ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman.
1789:, in which he outlined his vision of the constitution
292:
Constitution of the Fifth French Republic (unamended)
3330:
1142:(regulation), and can therefor be challenged by the
3069:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2845:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2585:
L'Ă©laboration de la Constitution de la V RĂ©publique
1967:
1714:
1415:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1289:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
963:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
352:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2175:"Constitutional Council | Conseil constitutionnel"
2009:
1675:organization of constitutional institutions. The
1219:, additional sources were defined as part of the
1197:the war, despite the fact that Article 13 of the
913:of 1946 with the exception of the preamble per a
5586:
2432:Surk, Barbara; Garriga, Nicolas (4 March 2024).
2399:
1551:"French constitution" basic principles 1958
233:No, but senate elections mandated to be indirect
1887:
1885:
1124:that normally would be beyond their remit. The
985:Since 2005 it includes the ten articles of the
1090:The unique aspect in the Fifth Republic is in
5051:
4642:
3593:
3316:
2820:
2488:
2093:
1507:
960:The preamble of the constitution recalls the
906:: la Constitution de la Cinquième République)
873:
3969:
3948:
3808:
2452:
1882:
1860:Const. Council dec. 71-44 DC of 16 July 1971
1180:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1112:
1103:
900:
149:Three (executive, legislative and judiciary)
55:
4656:
3364:Preamble of the French Constitution of 1946
2834:
2564:Journal Officiel de la République Française
2431:
2425:
1837:Official website of the President of France
1631:and the freedom from religion is protected.
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4649:
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3600:
3586:
3323:
3309:
2827:
2813:
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1471:Proletarian Left (La gauche prolétarienne)
880:
866:
3058:
2256:
1980:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541393.001.0001
1705:French constitutional law of 23 July 2008
1602:Learn how and when to remove this message
1349:Learn how and when to remove this message
1059:
267:Constitution of the Fifth French Republic
3074:Preamble to the 1946 French Constitution
2625:Oliva, Éric; Sandrine Giummarra (2011).
1422:Preamble to the 1946 French Constitution
1408:Preamble to the 1958 French Constitution
939:. Since then, the constitution has been
62:Constitution française du 4 octobre 1958
3379:Principles having constitutional status
2489:Dickson, Brice; HĂĽbner, Ulrich (1994).
2142:
1793:
1657:Further information on amendments:
1374:
1118:the government is permitted to draw up
921:. The current Constitution regards the
14:
5587:
2458:
2394:Election du Président de la République
1849:
1538:Please improve this section by adding
1494:fundamental principles of the Republic
1226:
1194:Constitutional Act of 25 February 1874
997:The French Constitution established a
792:Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs
5065:
5039:
4630:
3581:
3410:Treaties and international agreements
3304:
2808:
2605:
2365:
2363:
2149:Diritto&Giustizia Edizione Online
2130:Elliott, Jeanpierre & Vernon 2006
2118:Elliott, Jeanpierre & Vernon 2006
2106:Elliott, Jeanpierre & Vernon 2006
2077:Elliott, Jeanpierre & Vernon 2006
2065:Elliott, Jeanpierre & Vernon 2006
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1894:| website = Conseil Constitutionnelle
1733:Article 49 of the French Constitution
993:Government institutions and practices
5478:Things named after Charles de Gaulle
2374:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1511:
1287:adding citations to reliable sources
1258:
5401:Union of Democrats for the Republic
3423:European Convention on Human Rights
2790:Constitution of the Fifth Republic
2780:Constitution of the Fourth Republic
1014:Government's actions and policies.
911:Constitution of the Fourth Republic
24:
3445:parliamentary or governmental laws
2661:
2552:
2459:Porter, Catherine (4 March 2024).
2407:"France backs constitution reform"
2360:
2271:10.1093/oso/9780190075736.003.0007
2052:see article 68 of the constitution
1905:"Les révisions constitutionnelles"
1361:
1209:Constitution of the Fifth Republic
898:Constitution of the Fifth Republic
42:Constitution of Republic of France
25:
18:Constitution of the Fifth Republic
5621:
5141:French Military Mission to Poland
3607:
3384:Objective of constitutional value
2724:"Constitution of October 4, 1958"
2696:
2687:American Political Science Review
2597:American Political Science Review
2342:"The Charter for the Environment"
1996:
1922:
1443:Further information (in French):
487:Congress of the French Parliament
5572:
5560:
5535:
5534:
3567:General principles of French law
3392:
3359:Declaration of the Rights of Man
3332:Hierarchy of norms in French law
2756:"Constitution of 4 October 1958"
1782:General principles of French law
1777:Parliamentary immunity in France
1719:
1715:Timeline of French constitutions
1516:
1263:
1176:Declaration of the Rights of Man
935:, while the text was drafted by
840:
529:Cour de Justice de la RĂ©publique
322:
277:
261:
2386:
2334:
2309:
2284:
2250:
2217:
2192:
2167:
2135:
1805:
1644:country with one language, the
1502:2004 Charter of the Environment
1492:), and implicit standards (the
1455:de Gaulle’s resignation in 1969
1274:needs additional citations for
32:List of constitutions of France
3939:Government of National Defense
2647:– Paris : L.G.D.J., 2004
2591:Hoffmann, Stanley H. (1959). "
2296:www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr
2179:www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr
2046:
2036:
2012:Comparative constitutional law
1897:
1843:
1825:
1787:De Gaulle's 1946 Bayeux speech
923:separation of church and state
801:Politics of the European Union
13:
1:
3848:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
3843:War of the Spanish Succession
1743:French Constitutional Council
1652:
1540:secondary or tertiary sources
1254:
950:
781:France and the United Nations
3491:Executive branch regulations
2587:(Th. Etat). Aix-en-Provence.
2583:Ghevontian, Richard (1979).
1238:
1009:, which is commonly seen in
7:
3531:Circulars, directives, etc.
3369:Charter for the Environment
3084:Charter for the Environment
3079:French Constitution of 1958
2372:& Philip Stöver (2010)
2143:Buonomo, Giampiero (2004).
1974:. Oxford University Press.
1726:
1648:, and all people are equal.
1436:Charter for the Environment
1401:French Constitution of 1958
1207:were incorporated into the
1111:According to Article 21, a
987:Charter for the Environment
955:
250:French Constitution of 1946
10:
5626:
5451:MĂ©morial Charles-de-Gaulle
5396:Rally of the French People
5359:1965 presidential election
5083:Names and terms of address
4329:French subdivisions by GDP
4076:2022 presidential election
4061:2017 presidential election
3345:Bloc de constitutionnalité
2492:Introduction to French law
2392:See C. cons. 6 Nov. 1962,
2010:Jackson, Vicki C. (2014).
1656:
1508:Principles of the Republic
1442:
1392:Bloc de constitutionnalité
1188:Although Article 1 of the
966:from 1789 and establishes
631:Provence-Alpes-CĂ´te d'Azur
29:
5530:
5486:
5441:
5409:
5386:
5317:
5269:
5192:
5160:
5151:
5100:
5091:
5073:
5017:
4969:
4931:
4668:
4590:
4480:
4390:
4381:
4277:
4268:
4170:
4161:
4099:
4090:
4011:
3892:
3861:
3833:Second Hundred Years' War
3784:
3737:
3704:
3683:
3675:Liberalism and radicalism
3627:
3618:
3552:
3525:
3482:
3436:
3401:
3390:
3338:
3228:laws
3225:
3187:
3097:
3057:
2851:
2842:
2795:
2784:
2776:
2094:Dickson & HĂĽbner 1994
1469:into banning the radical
1136:has the same status as a
1003:president of the republic
288:
276:
260:
255:
245:
237:
227:
217:
200:
174:
153:
143:
138:
120:
100:
78:
68:
51:
46:
41:
5456:Adenauer-de Gaulle Prize
4104:Administrative divisions
3404:Bloc de conventionnalité
2681:Wahl, Nicholas (1959). "
1971:Principles of French Law
1748:Constitutional economics
1298:"Constitution of France"
544:Administrative divisions
304:This article is part of
5605:Legal history of France
5595:Constitutions of France
4324:Franc (former currency)
3929:Coup of 2 December 1851
3902:Long nineteenth century
2836:Constitutions of France
2787:Constitutions of France
2760:Conseil Constitutionnel
2740:Conseil Constitutionnel
2257:Gow Calabresi, Steven.
1909:Conseil Constitutionnel
1753:Fifth Republic (France)
1017:On the other hand, the
576:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
5499:Operation Resurrection
5337:Algiers putsch of 1961
5238:Provisional Government
5233:Brazzaville Conference
5211:Empire Defense Council
4711:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4344:Science and technology
4001:Provisional Government
3970:
3949:
3809:
2860:Constitutional Cabinet
2606:Jamot, Didier (2019).
2440:. The Associated Press
1760:, which succeeded the
1685:Constitutional Council
1527:relies excessively on
1451:Constitutional Council
1217:Constitutional Council
1181:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1104:
1060:Shared lawmaking power
1054:Constitutional Council
978:country, deriving its
919:Constitutional Council
909:, and it replaced the
901:
894:Constitution of France
507:Constitutional Council
211:Constitutional Council
108:; 65 years ago
87:; 65 years ago
85:28 September 1958
56:
5461:Fifth French Republic
5228:Casablanca Conference
3562:Sources of French law
2627:Droit constitutionnel
2321:cjel.law.columbia.edu
1463:Jacques Chaban-Delmas
1098:, the Parliament can
1011:parliamentary systems
196:as head of government
5431:Vive le Québec libre
5374:Later life and death
5243:Liberation of France
5177:Battle of Montcornet
5172:4th Armored Division
4149:World Heritage Sites
4066:Coronavirus pandemic
3354:Constitution of 1958
3340:Constitutional block
1794:Notes and references
1767:Government of France
1445:Constitutional block
1383:Constitutional block
1375:Constitutional block
1283:improve this article
1221:constitutional block
1100:temporarily delegate
1026:and to dissolve the
571:Auvergne-RhĂ´ne-Alpes
562:Metropolitan regions
185:Council of Ministers
139:Government structure
5504:Order of Liberation
5182:Battle of Abbeville
4932:States with limited
4287:Automotive industry
4071:2021 labor protests
3828:Peace of Westphalia
3696:History of Normandy
3691:History of Brittany
3527:Administrative acts
2522:French Legal System
2231:. 26 October 1962.
1839:. 20 November 2012.
1227:Treaties and the EU
1155:lois d'habilitation
943:twenty-five times,
586:Centre-Val de Loire
187:responsible to the
106:4 October 1958
102:Date effective
4354:Telecommunications
4056:2015 Paris attacks
3919:Revolution of 1848
3747:Visigothic Kingdom
3557:Hierarchy of norms
3472:Règlement autonome
3418:European Union law
2662:Rogoff, Martin A.
2495:. London: Pitman.
2465:The New York Times
2348:. 16 November 2012
2204:www.venice.coe.int
1772:Politics of France
1233:European Union law
1167:loi d'habilitation
1114:loi d'habilitation
1108:("enabling law").
1105:loi d'habilitation
829:Political scandals
616:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
517:Court of Cassation
315:Politics of France
5548:
5547:
5514:Trente Glorieuses
5494:French Resistance
5419:Appeal of 18 June
5389:political parties
5382:
5381:
5302:1958 constitution
5265:
5264:
5067:Charles de Gaulle
5033:
5032:
4624:
4623:
4586:
4585:
4377:
4376:
4264:
4263:
4256:Political parties
4192:Foreign relations
4157:
4156:
4086:
4085:
3869:French Revolution
3823:Thirty Years' War
3804:Absolute monarchy
3769:Kingdom of France
3665:Foreign relations
3645:Political history
3575:
3574:
3298:
3297:
3048:
2803:
2802:
2796:Succeeded by
2704:"La Constitution"
2643:Frédéric Monera,
2636:978-2-247-10965-4
2617:978-2-3431-6237-9
2532:978-1-4058-1161-3
2382:978-3-8329-5609-7
2021:978-1-59941-594-9
1989:978-0-19-954139-3
1738:Constitutionalism
1612:
1611:
1604:
1586:
1467:National Assembly
1441:
1440:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1333:
1204:crisis in Algeria
1199:1946 Constitution
1028:National Assembly
999:semi-presidential
982:from the people.
929:Charles de Gaulle
890:
889:
847:France portal
786:Foreign alliances
759:Foreign relations
746:Political parties
451:National Assembly
299:
298:
229:Electoral college
189:National Assembly
168:National Assembly
130:semi-presidential
16:(Redirected from
5617:
5577:
5576:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5556:
5538:
5537:
5508:Resistance Medal
5332:Constantine Plan
5254:Épuration légale
5207:Administrations
5158:
5157:
5137:Interwar period
5131:Battle of Dinant
5098:
5097:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5037:
5036:
4970:Dependencies and
4669:Sovereign states
4651:
4644:
4637:
4628:
4627:
4388:
4387:
4304:Economic history
4275:
4274:
4168:
4167:
4097:
4096:
3975:
3954:
3853:Seven Years' War
3818:Wars of Religion
3814:
3799:House of Bourbon
3794:Early modern era
3774:Fundamental laws
3650:Military history
3625:
3624:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3579:
3578:
3532:
3492:
3446:
3439:Bloc de légalité
3411:
3396:
3347:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3046:
2902:1799 (Year VIII)
2829:
2822:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2777:Preceded by
2774:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2730:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2640:
2621:
2588:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2544:
2514:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2403:
2397:
2390:
2384:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2263:academic.oup.com
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2155:on 1 August 2012
2151:. Archived from
2139:
2133:
2132:, p. 70-72.
2127:
2121:
2120:, p. 69–70.
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2007:
1994:
1993:
1965:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1829:
1812:
1809:
1758:French Community
1723:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1544:
1520:
1512:
1459:Georges Pompidou
1379:
1378:
1354:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1291:
1267:
1259:
1215:decision of the
1195:
1184:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1144:Council of State
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1116:
1107:
908:
882:
875:
868:
845:
844:
843:
687:French Polynesia
678:Overseas country
640:Overseas regions
626:Pays de la Loire
512:Council of State
464:Yaël Braun-Pivet
326:
301:
300:
281:
280:
265:
264:
116:
114:
109:
95:
93:
88:
64:
61:
60:
39:
38:
21:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5571:
5561:
5559:
5551:
5549:
5544:
5526:
5482:
5443:
5437:
5424:Bayeux speeches
5411:
5405:
5388:
5387:Governments and
5378:
5369:1969 referendum
5349:1962 referendum
5313:
5286:1958 elections
5282:May 1958 crisis
5261:
5196:
5188:
5163:
5147:
5093:
5087:
5069:
5064:
5034:
5029:
5013:
4971:
4965:
4951:Northern Cyprus
4933:
4927:
4843:North Macedonia
4664:
4655:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4600:
4582:
4563:Public holidays
4476:
4435:Life expectancy
4373:
4260:
4153:
4082:
4051:Great Recession
4024:Fourth Republic
4019:1900 to present
4007:
3924:Second Republic
3888:
3857:
3780:
3733:
3700:
3679:
3614:
3606:
3576:
3571:
3548:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3490:
3489:
3478:
3444:
3443:
3432:
3409:
3408:
3397:
3388:
3343:
3342:
3334:
3329:
3299:
3294:
3227:
3226:Constitutional
3221:
3189:
3183:
3100:
3093:
3060:
3053:
2919:1804 (Year XII)
2890:1795 (Year III)
2847:
2838:
2833:
2799:
2793:1958 - Present
2792:
2789:
2782:
2764:
2762:
2754:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2713:
2711:
2702:
2699:
2672:
2670:
2637:
2618:
2573:
2571:
2558:
2555:
2553:Further reading
2549:
2545:
2533:
2515:
2503:
2480:
2479:
2469:
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2441:
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2404:
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2351:
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2340:
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2315:
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2255:
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2222:
2218:
2208:
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2198:
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2193:
2183:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2140:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2022:
2008:
1997:
1990:
1966:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1883:
1848:
1844:
1833:"Élysée Palace"
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1729:
1717:
1700:Nicolas Sarkozy
1677:1962 referendum
1661:
1655:
1646:French language
1608:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1545:
1543:
1537:
1533:primary sources
1521:
1510:
1447:
1377:
1364:
1362:Judicial review
1355:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1292:
1290:
1280:
1268:
1257:
1249:French Congress
1241:
1229:
1193:
1062:
995:
958:
953:
886:
857:
853:Other countries
841:
839:
834:
833:
814:
806:
805:
797:
794:
761:
751:
750:
742:
713:
703:
702:
692:
691:
673:
635:
601:Hauts-de-France
557:
546:
536:
535:
532:
502:
492:
491:
446:
436:
435:
420:
395:
386:Emmanuel Macron
369:
359:
358:
355:
340:
317:
278:
262:
192:
112:
110:
107:
91:
89:
86:
58:
57:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5623:
5613:
5612:
5610:1958 documents
5607:
5602:
5597:
5582:
5581:
5569:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
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5517:
5510:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5471:Gaullist Party
5463:
5458:
5453:
5447:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5323:
5321:
5315:
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5312:
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5309:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5284:
5279:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5266:
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5262:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5250:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
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5223:
5218:
5213:
5204:
5202:
5190:
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5187:
5186:
5185:
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5179:
5168:
5166:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5120:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5104:
5102:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5078:Foreign policy
5074:
5071:
5070:
5063:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5040:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5025:European Union
5021:
5019:
5018:Other entities
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4975:
4973:
4972:other entities
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4918:United Kingdom
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
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4778:
4773:
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4758:
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4731:Czech Republic
4728:
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4339:Stock exchange
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4139:National parks
4136:
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4126:
4121:
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4114:Climate change
4111:
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3944:Third Republic
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3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
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3890:
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3879:First Republic
3876:
3874:Napoleonic era
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3099:Constitutional
3095:
3094:
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3091:
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3081:
3076:
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3065:
3063:
3059:Constitutional
3055:
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2698:
2697:External links
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2641:
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2589:
2580:
2570:on 7 July 2022
2560:"Constitution"
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2413:. 21 July 2008
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2110:
2098:
2096:, p. 8–9.
2081:
2069:
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2035:
2020:
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1988:
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1619:Social welfare
1610:
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1592:September 2023
1524:
1522:
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1506:
1465:pressured the
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1339:September 2023
1271:
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1228:
1225:
1190:Third Republic
1061:
1058:
1007:prime minister
994:
991:
957:
954:
952:
949:
933:Fifth Republic
888:
887:
885:
884:
877:
870:
862:
859:
858:
856:
855:
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832:
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813:Related topics
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672:
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567:
566:
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556:
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547:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
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522:Court of Audit
519:
514:
509:
503:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:
484:
483:
482:
480:GĂ©rard Larcher
468:
467:
466:
447:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
428:
419:
418:
408:
400:Prime Minister
394:
393:
383:
370:
365:
364:
361:
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357:
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349:
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345:Fifth Republic
341:
336:
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327:
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318:
313:
310:
309:
297:
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258:
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204:
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194:Prime minister
178:
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141:
140:
136:
135:
124:
118:
117:
104:
98:
97:
82:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
53:
52:Original title
49:
48:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5622:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
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5385:
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5360:
5357:
5355:
5354:Élysée Treaty
5352:
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5347:
5345:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5325:
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5303:
5300:
5296:
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5283:
5280:
5278:
5277:Levant Crisis
5275:
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5268:
5256:
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5016:
5010:
5007:
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5000:
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4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4984:Faroe Islands
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4968:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4956:South Ossetia
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
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4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
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4864:
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4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
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4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4803:Liechtenstein
4801:
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4782:
4779:
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4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4658:Constitutions
4652:
4647:
4645:
4640:
4638:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
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4602:
4597:
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4426:
4423:
4421:
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4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:Birth control
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4380:
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4367:
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4362:
4360:
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4200:
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4195:
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4190:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4175:Constitutions
4173:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
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4117:
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4107:
4105:
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4098:
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4089:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
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4054:
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4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3972:Années folles
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:Second Empire
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:July Monarchy
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:Ancien RĂ©gime
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3775:
3772:
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3767:
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3709:
3707:
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3689:
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3682:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3603:
3598:
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3589:
3584:
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3580:
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3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3385:
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2876:
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2852:Constitutions
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2692:(2): 358–382.
2691:
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2668:Jus Politicum
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2602:(2): 332–357.
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2370:Dieter Nohlen
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2108:, p. 69.
2107:
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2078:
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2066:
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2017:
2013:
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1991:
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1553: –
1552:
1548:
1547:Find sources:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1525:This section
1523:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1503:
1499:
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1475:French Senate
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1368:jurisprudence
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1328:
1324:
1321:
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1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300: –
1299:
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1294:Find sources:
1288:
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1278:
1277:
1272:This article
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915:1971 decision
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649:French Guiana
647:
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641:
637:
636:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
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614:
612:
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606:ĂŽle-de-France
604:
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411:Gabriel Attal
409:
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377:
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338:Constitutions
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50:
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40:
37:
33:
19:
5519:
5512:
5428:
5410:Speeches and
5344:Fouchet Plan
5327:Algerian War
5301:
5290:presidential
5252:
5153:World War II
5122:World War I
4961:Transnistria
4923:Vatican City
4750:
4505:Coat of arms
4495:Architecture
4467:Social class
4425:Homelessness
4410:Demographics
4364:Trade unions
4297:Central bank
4239:criminal law
4202:Human rights
4185:presidential
4029:Algerian War
4012:Contemporary
3986:Vichy France
3981:World War II
3951:Belle Époque
3884:First Empire
3786:Early Modern
3757:West Francia
3513:
3506:
3500:
3483:
3470:
3464:
3458:Ordinary law
3437:
3402:
3353:
3344:
3078:
3033:5th Republic
3031:
3026:
3021:4th Republic
3019:
3007:
2997:French State
2995:
2985:3rd Republic
2983:
2971:
2961:2nd Republic
2959:
2947:
2937:Hundred Days
2935:
2923:
2911:
2894:
2882:
2872:1st Republic
2870:
2858:
2785:
2763:. Retrieved
2759:
2744:. Retrieved
2739:
2731:(in English)
2712:. Retrieved
2707:
2689:
2686:
2671:. Retrieved
2667:
2644:
2626:
2607:
2599:
2596:
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2568:the original
2563:
2548:
2521:
2491:
2468:. Retrieved
2464:
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2437:
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2410:
2401:
2393:
2388:
2373:
2350:. Retrieved
2345:
2336:
2324:. Retrieved
2320:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2295:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2262:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2228:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2203:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2178:
2169:
2157:. Retrieved
2153:the original
2148:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2072:
2048:
2038:
2011:
1970:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:
1899:
1855:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1807:
1762:French Union
1718:
1709:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1673:
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1613:
1598:
1589:
1579:
1572:
1565:
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1526:
1479:
1448:
1389:
1365:
1345:
1336:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1293:
1281:Please help
1276:verification
1273:
1242:
1230:
1213:
1187:
1182:décrets-lois
1172:
1110:
1089:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1047:
1043:cohabitation
1040:
1036:Algerian War
1032:
1016:
996:
984:
961:
959:
945:through 2024
937:Michel Debré
927:
897:
893:
892:The current
891:
824:Human rights
723:Presidential
695:
676:
638:
560:
550:
527:
423:
398:
373:
350:
238:Last amended
69:Jurisdiction
36:
5600:1958 in law
5295:legislative
5194:Free France
5107:Early life
5101:Before WWII
4999:Isle of Man
4934:recognition
4903:Switzerland
4838:Netherlands
4615:WikiProject
4430:Immigration
4420:Health care
4282:Agriculture
4234:enforcement
3991:Free France
3960:World War I
3907:Restoration
3894:Late Modern
3764:Middle Ages
3739:Middle Ages
3724:Celtic Gaul
3499:Unratified
3453:Organic law
3188:Constituent
3101:referendums
3047:(in French)
2925:Restoration
2742:(in French)
2710:(in French)
2483:Works cited
2417:4 September
2200:"Ján Mazák"
1161:ordonnances
1121:ordonnances
980:sovereignty
728:Legislative
718:Referendums
697:Departments
444:Legislature
59:(in French)
5589:Categories
5444:depictions
5442:Legacy and
5412:statements
5319:Presidency
5307:referendum
5111:Birthplace
4873:San Marino
4833:Montenegro
4813:Luxembourg
4793:Kazakhstan
4696:Azerbaijan
4558:Philosophy
4543:Literature
4455:secularism
4251:Parliament
4046:2005 riots
3996:Liberation
3862:Revolution
3729:Roman Gaul
3714:Prehistory
3670:Journalism
3544:Directives
3501:ordonnance
3485:Règlements
3465:ordonnance
3265:1958 (Oct)
3260:1958 (Jun)
3190:assemblies
3164:1946 (Oct)
3159:1946 (May)
3039:amendments
2973:2nd Empire
2913:1st Empire
2708:LĂ©gifrance
2396:, Rec. 27.
2043:president.
1856:LĂ©gifrance
1669:referendum
1653:Amendments
1562:newspapers
1529:references
1309:newspapers
1255:Principles
1245:referendum
1133:ordonnance
1127:ordonnance
1096:Article 38
1092:Article 21
1077:Article 49
1065:minister.
1050:Parliament
1024:referendum
1019:Parliament
976:democratic
951:Provisions
659:Martinique
654:Guadeloupe
455:Membership
425:Government
283:Wikisource
271:Wikisource
246:Supersedes
219:Federalism
207:High Court
113:1958-10-04
92:1958-09-28
5270:1945–1958
5199:Campaigns
5162:Battle of
4989:Gibraltar
4808:Lithuania
4415:Education
4369:Transport
4219:Judiciary
4180:Elections
4134:Mountains
4092:Geography
3838:Louis XIV
3628:Overviews
3539:Circulars
3463:Ratified
3044:full text
2896:Consulate
2884:Directory
2346:elysee.fr
2237:0040-781X
2030:887207632
1876:867599055
1868:2270-8987
1819:Citations
1642:sovereign
1635:Democracy
1498:Gaullists
1239:Amendment
1139:réglement
972:a secular
738:Municipal
711:Elections
621:Occitania
596:Grand Est
500:Judiciary
476:President
460:President
375:President
367:Executive
256:Full text
202:Judiciary
181:President
176:Executive
5540:Category
5466:Gaullism
5433: !"
5126:5th Army
5092:Life and
5009:Svalbard
4994:Guernsey
4941:Abkhazia
4888:Slovenia
4883:Slovakia
4858:Portugal
4716:Bulgaria
4605:Category
4538:Language
4450:Religion
4395:Abortion
4349:Taxation
4246:Military
4207:Intersex
4197:Politics
4163:Politics
3965:Interwar
3660:Economic
3655:Language
3640:Timeline
2541:70107160
2411:BBC News
1727:See also
1665:Congress
1482:71-44 DC
956:Preamble
819:Centrism
771:Americas
611:Normandy
581:Brittany
306:a series
155:Chambers
145:Branches
133:republic
80:Ratified
47:Overview
5553:Portals
5487:Related
4913:Ukraine
4863:Romania
4823:Moldova
4781:Ireland
4776:Iceland
4771:Hungary
4761:Germany
4756:Georgia
4746:Finland
4741:Estonia
4736:Denmark
4721:Croatia
4706:Belgium
4701:Belarus
4691:Austria
4686:Armenia
4681:Andorra
4676:Albania
4596:Outline
4578:Theatre
4573:Symbols
4533:Gardens
4523:Fashion
4515:Cuisine
4482:Culture
4472:Welfare
4445:Poverty
4383:Society
4359:Tourism
4319:Exports
4292:Banking
4270:Economy
4229:history
4124:Islands
4119:Borders
3752:Francia
3706:Ancient
3684:Regions
3635:History
3620:History
3517:
3487:
3474:
3441:
3406:
2765:10 July
2673:11 July
2511:3479836
2470:4 March
2444:4 March
2438:AP News
2376:, p674
2159:5 April
1914:15 June
1625:Laïcité
1576:scholar
1323:scholar
941:amended
917:of the
669:RĂ©union
664:Mayotte
591:Corsica
552:Regions
223:Unitary
127:Unitary
111: (
90: (
5567:France
5364:May 68
5164:France
5118:Family
5094:career
5004:Jersey
4946:Kosovo
4908:Turkey
4898:Sweden
4878:Serbia
4868:Russia
4853:Poland
4848:Norway
4828:Monaco
4798:Latvia
4766:Greece
4751:France
4726:Cyprus
4662:Europe
4610:Portal
4510:Cinema
4490:Anthem
4462:Racism
4440:People
4334:Mining
4309:Energy
4144:Rivers
4109:Cities
4041:May 68
3612:topics
3609:France
3515:Arrêté
3508:DĂ©cret
3428:Treaty
2746:14 May
2714:14 May
2633:
2614:
2574:14 May
2539:
2529:
2509:
2499:
2380:
2352:13 May
2326:13 May
2301:13 May
2276:13 May
2242:13 May
2235:
2209:13 May
2184:13 May
2028:
2018:
1986:
1874:
1866:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1549:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1085:Fourth
1070:Senate
1005:and a
968:France
904:French
766:Africa
733:Senate
471:Senate
164:Senate
122:System
73:France
5248:Paris
4979:Ă…land
4893:Spain
4818:Malta
4788:Italy
4568:Sport
4553:Music
4548:Media
4405:Crime
4129:Lakes
3234:1872
3061:block
2727:(PDF)
1799:Notes
1629:State
1583:JSTOR
1569:books
1330:JSTOR
1316:books
1081:Third
431:Attal
183:-led
5521:Ngol
5506:and
5221:CFLN
4528:Flag
4314:Euro
4212:LGBT
3290:2008
3285:2003
3280:1992
3275:1982
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