29:
280:
2339:
3537:
879:
3551:
2327:
2315:
564:
458:
552:. It was a combination of canon law, which represented the common norms and principles, and Roman law, which were the actual rules and terms. It meant the creation of more legal texts and books and a more systematic way of going through the legal process. In the new legal process, appeal was possible. The process would be partially
657:, may have different names and organization; trial courts may be called "courts of common plea", appellate courts "superior courts" or "commonwealth courts". The judicial system, whether state or federal, begins with a court of first instance, is appealed to an appellate court, and then ends at the court of last resort.
343:
During the late Middle Ages, education started to grow. First education was limited to the monasteries and abbeys, but expanded to cathedrals and schools in the city in the 11th century, eventually creating universities. The universities had five faculties: arts, medicine, theology, canon law and
224:, was the judicial process. One would go to the head of the judicial system (at first the priests as law was part of religion) who would look at the applicable rules to the case. Parties in the case could be assisted by jurists. Then the second phase would start, the
273:(Latin for "extraordinary process"). This came into being due to the largess of the empire. This process only had one phase, where the case was presented to a professional judge who was a representative of the emperor. Appeal was possible to the immediate superior.
694:(for criminal law) and a Supreme Court. In this system the Supreme Court is always the final authority, but criminal cases have four stages, one more than civil law does. On the court sits a total of nine justices. This number has been changed several times.
759:
to serve for a life term. Other justices are appointed by the
Supreme Court and serve for six years. Federal courts consist of the 11 ministers of the Supreme Court, 32 circuit tribunals and 98 district courts. The Supreme Court of Mexico is located in
228:. The case would be put before the judges, which were normal Roman citizens in an uneven number. No experience was required as the applicable rules were already selected. They would merely have to judge the case.
594:
In common law jurisdictions, courts interpret law; this includes constitutions, statutes, and regulations. They also make law (but in a limited sense, limited to the facts of particular cases) based upon prior
4539:
385:
led the university of
Bologna to start teaching Roman law. Professors at the university were asked to research the Roman laws and advise the Emperor and the Pope with regards to the old laws. This led to the
4654:
3959:
348:, or civil law. Canon law, or ecclesiastical law are laws created by the Pope, head of the Roman Catholic Church. The last form was also called secular law, or Roman law. It was mainly based on the
633:
is the final authority on the interpretation of the federal
Constitution and all statutes and regulations created pursuant to it, as well as the constitutionality of the various state laws; in the
4509:
4529:
276:
During this time period, legal experts started to come up. They studied the law and were advisors to the emperor. They also were allowed to give legal advice on behalf of the emperor.
220:
L' were rules set by the leaders, first the kings, later the popular assembly during the
Republic. In these early years, the legal process consisted of two phases. The first phase,
4769:
4754:
4704:
3929:
582:, lawmakers stopped interpretation of law by judges, and the legislature was the only body permitted to interpret the law; this prohibition was later overturned by the
4744:
4569:
4384:
4344:
4309:
3708:
4419:
4139:
4634:
4584:
4074:
4029:
4024:
4559:
4359:
4284:
4069:
4044:
3984:
3874:
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814:
1842:, p. 296 (Cambridge University Press 2005): "The symbol of the judicial system, seen in courtrooms throughout the United States, is blindfolded Lady Justice."
4469:
4269:
4144:
4629:
4404:
4289:
4159:
1857:, p, 137 (IOS Press 2000): "the judicial system is intended to be apolitical, its symbol being that of a blindfolded Lady Justice holding balanced scales."
295:
This era is also known as the "post-classical era of Roman law". The most important legal event during this era was the
Codification by Justinianus: the
4014:
2038:
355:
which had been rediscovered in 1070. Roman law was mainly used for "worldly" affairs, while canon law was used for questions related to the church.
702:
For judicial systems of individual countries other than Japan, Mexico, and the US (for which see below), and some US states, see "Judiciary of...".
299:. This contained all Roman Law. It was both a collection of the work of the legal experts and commentary on it, and a collection of new laws. The
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1726:
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1563:
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731:. Once appointed, assistant judges still may not qualify to sit alone until they have served for five years, and have been appointed by the
135:. Courts with judicial review power may annul the laws and rules of the state when it finds them incompatible with a higher norm, such as
3703:
2260:
2012:
818:
1959:
727:. Assistant judges are appointed from those who have completed their training at the Legal Training and Research Institute located in
1926:
120:), but rather interprets, defends, and applies the law to the facts of each case. However, in some countries the judiciary does make
3518:
833:
802:
798:
773:
45:
1885:
4724:
3782:
2216:
2238:
445:
or
Commentators. They looked at a subject in a logical and systematic way by writing comments with the texts, treatises and
4199:
1255:
du
Plessis, Paul J.; Ando, Clifford; Tuori, Kaius, eds. (2 November 2016). "The Oxford Handbook of Roman Law and Society".
33:
366:, which can be divided in the early and late scholastics. It is characterised with the renewed interest in the old texts.
245:
in which he would declare new laws or principles for the year he was elected. This edict is also known as praetorian law.
4034:
3904:
1982:
837:
777:
546:
Around the 15th century, a process of reception and acculturation started with both laws. The final product was known as
2095:
764:. Supreme Court Judges must be of ages 35 to 65 and hold a law degree during the five years preceding their nomination.
3596:
2123:
1933:
782:
630:
261:. This time period is also known as the "classical era of Roman Law" In this era, the praetor's edict was now known as
37:
4339:
3698:
3693:
3688:
2944:
2502:
2401:
1799:
1774:
1749:
1702:
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1539:
1492:
1453:
1406:
1359:
1297:
1272:
1187:
1125:
1078:
1045:
956:
735:. Judges require ten years of experience in practical affairs, as a public prosecutor or practicing attorney. In the
169:
This is a more general overview of the development of the judiciary and judicial systems over the course of history.
136:
4689:
3824:
3058:
2927:
852:
739:
there is the
Supreme Court, eight high courts, fifty district courts, fifty family courts, and 438 summary courts.
338:
2343:
611:
refers to this kind of law. Common law decisions set precedent for all courts to follow. This is sometimes called
104:. The judiciary can also be thought of as the mechanism for the resolution of disputes. Under the doctrine of the
4729:
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2761:
2289:
822:
806:
2331:
4734:
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786:
210:
was a set of rules of conduct based on social norms created over the years by predecessors. In 451–449 BC, the
1908:
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operating within the legal framework of the respective jurisdiction, responsible for hearing cases regarding
680:
4594:
4489:
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4409:
3180:
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2319:
922:
826:
809:
The United States has five different types of courts that are considered subordinate to the
Supreme Court:
642:
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28:
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3175:
2153:
856:
669:
650:
626:
1448:. Pleizier, Theo., Rouwendal, P. L. (Pieter Lourens), 1973–, Wisse, Maarten, 1973–. Grand Rapids, Mich.
4294:
4149:
3150:
2649:
2254:
793:. The Supreme Court justices serve for life term or until retirement. The Supreme Court is located in
2060:
151:. Judges constitute a critical force for interpretation and implementation of a constitution, thus in
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4574:
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3662:
3233:
860:
665:
1225:
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4534:
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4214:
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3854:
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736:
711:
494:. It forms the first part of the collection of six legal texts, which together became known as the
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4549:
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4304:
4259:
4234:
4109:
4039:
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3954:
3864:
3849:
3403:
3190:
2679:
2664:
719:'s process for selecting judges is longer and more stringent than in various countries, like the
1022:
Crawford, M.H. 'Twelve Tables' in Simon
Hornblower, Antony Spawforth, and Esther Eidinow (eds.)
867:(or equivalent) which serve as the highest courts of law within their respective jurisdictions.
832:
Immigration courts are not part of the judicial branch; immigration judges are employees of the
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4464:
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4299:
4184:
3839:
3829:
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732:
510:
117:
1868:
1853:
1838:
1264:
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4674:
4669:
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4479:
4454:
4369:
4324:
4319:
4244:
4164:
4079:
3979:
3944:
3939:
3924:
3909:
3869:
3734:
3562:
3155:
2833:
2644:
2128:
907:
748:
556:, where the judge would actively investigate all the evidence before him, but also partially
505:
496:
2008:
1955:
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4749:
4739:
4719:
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4599:
4514:
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4134:
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4019:
3994:
3934:
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3879:
3859:
3844:
3834:
3814:
3804:
3768:
3729:
3612:
3283:
2629:
902:
864:
848:
790:
553:
350:
296:
105:
2269:
God Save This Honorable Court: How the Choice of Supreme Court Justices Shapes Our History
1937:
8:
4779:
4714:
4709:
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4004:
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3919:
3914:
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752:
2175:
Politics, Democracy and the Supreme Court: Essays on the Future of Constitutional Theory
4774:
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4649:
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3253:
2912:
2766:
2751:
2729:
2473:
2453:
2406:
2396:
1883:
How the Legal System Works: The Structure of the Court System, State and Federal Courts
1817:
1720:
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1377:
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242:
80:
that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the
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4194:
4189:
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3999:
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2614:
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2448:
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2230:
2222:
2212:
1805:
1795:
1770:
1745:
1708:
1698:
1661:
1651:
1545:
1535:
1498:
1488:
1449:
1412:
1402:
1365:
1355:
1303:
1293:
1268:
1193:
1183:
1131:
1121:
1084:
1074:
1051:
1041:
962:
952:
579:
560:, where both parties are responsible for finding the evidence to convince the judge.
485:
148:
1618:
279:
3724:
3672:
3243:
3210:
2709:
2573:
2568:
2533:
2204:
1882:
1614:
1590:
1260:
794:
519:
429:
20:
574:), symbol of the judiciary. Statue at Shelby County Courthouse, Memphis, Tennessee
3739:
3492:
3465:
3453:
3433:
3367:
3345:
3325:
3320:
3300:
3165:
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3140:
3043:
3003:
2714:
2639:
2563:
2548:
2468:
2196:
2186:
2161:
Thurgood Marshall: His Speeches, Writings, Arguments, Opinions and Reminiscences
1912:
1889:
917:
912:
646:
583:
132:
2303:
3569:
3377:
3295:
2884:
2850:
2801:
2786:
2558:
2463:
2443:
2433:
2208:
2200:
2065:
756:
413:: short sentences that made the old laws easier to remember, a sort of mnemonic
101:
1986:
4798:
3749:
3652:
3423:
3382:
3268:
3248:
3220:
3170:
3135:
3109:
3104:
3097:
3048:
2988:
2828:
2818:
2776:
2699:
2694:
2624:
2583:
2507:
2234:
2182:
2091:
1809:
1712:
1665:
1549:
1502:
1416:
1369:
1307:
1197:
1135:
1088:
1055:
966:
897:
728:
720:
442:
363:
215:
182:
164:
109:
41:
1595:
1578:
3744:
3555:
3305:
3273:
3228:
2966:
2961:
2932:
2845:
2823:
2791:
2724:
2704:
2598:
2538:
2528:
2480:
2438:
2416:
2359:
2134:
Feinberg, Kenneth, Jack Kress, Gary McDowell, and Warren E. Burger (1986).
607:
is not derived from statute law in most common law jurisdictions. The term
567:
140:
128:
3631:
3477:
3418:
3408:
3205:
3200:
3038:
2939:
2855:
2814:
2781:
2746:
2669:
2593:
2543:
2458:
927:
892:
761:
638:
548:
531:
198:
113:
2338:
1794:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. pp. 265–266, 269–274.
131:
the judicial branch has the power to change laws through the process of
3760:
3581:
3541:
3470:
3350:
3288:
3033:
2954:
2949:
2907:
2889:
2877:
2838:
2684:
2674:
2634:
2619:
2603:
2553:
2490:
2485:
884:
844:
654:
604:
482:, started to organise all of the church law, which is now known as the
478:, decisions made by the Popes. The monk Gratian, one of the well-known
257:
is the first part of the Roman Empire, which started with the reign of
254:
152:
121:
589:
237:
The most important change in this period was the shift from priest to
3413:
3355:
3330:
3195:
3092:
3080:
3065:
3053:
2981:
2899:
2872:
2756:
687:
612:
479:
387:
178:
3536:
1182:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, England. pp. 105–106.
1073:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. pp. 69–75, 92–93.
878:
3497:
3482:
3185:
3070:
2867:
2411:
1905:
599:
in areas where the legislature has not made law. For instance, the
596:
538:, started to write treatises, comments and advises with the texts.
501:
258:
241:
as the head of the judicial system. The praetor would also make an
2226:
358:
The period starting in the 11th century with the discovery of the
3387:
3335:
3315:
3263:
3075:
2993:
2809:
2771:
2719:
2326:
266:
238:
690:
have mixed systems that include lower courts, appeals courts, a
3487:
3340:
3085:
2976:
2971:
2917:
2588:
2314:
1650:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. pp. 261–265.
1534:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. pp. 257–261.
1487:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. pp. 254–257.
1401:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. pp. 252–254.
1354:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. pp. 248–252.
1292:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. pp. 109–113.
724:
661:
563:
144:
93:
951:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. pp. 67, 68.
679:, the final authority on the interpretation of the law is the
664:, the final authority on the interpretation of the law is the
3428:
3372:
3278:
3119:
2922:
2421:
1120:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. pp. 85–86.
716:
676:
77:
1792:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
1695:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
1648:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
1532:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
1485:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
1399:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
1352:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
1290:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
1180:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
1118:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
1071:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
949:
European legal history: a cultural and political perspective
423:): a dialectic method of seeking the argument and refute it.
3310:
3258:
3114:
2512:
2428:
2077:
600:
457:
1697:. Translated by Arriens, Jan. Cambridge, UK. p. 265.
449:, which are advises given according to the old Roman law.
2382:
97:
81:
2351:
2348:
at Wiktionary simphiwe mthembu @ustalkedsimphiwe on ig
1035:
815:
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
310:: This was an introduction and a summary of Roman law.
265:, which were all the edicts collected in one edict by
232:
1443:
1339:. Oxford University Press. pp. 232–237, 247–252.
116:) or enforce law (which is the responsibility of the
2166:
McCloskey, Robert G., and Sanford Levinson (2005).
874:
16:
System of courts that interprets and applies the law
1254:
590:
Functions of the judiciary in different law systems
155:countries creating the body of constitutional law.
1875:
1789:
1692:
1645:
1529:
1482:
1396:
1349:
1287:
1115:
1068:
996:Historical Introduction to the Study of Roman Law
946:
187:
4796:
1956:"How the Judicial System Works Around The World"
1764:
465:
376:
2170:, 4th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1985:. Southern Methodist University. Archived from
525:
436:
863:. All these jurisdictions also have their own
697:
508:until Pentecost (19 May) 1918, when a revised
322:: This contained all the laws of the emperors.
248:
3776:
3597:
2367:
620:
1854:The challenge of change for judicial systems
1635:. Oxford University Press. pp. 237–241.
805:. The 94 districts are then divided up into
1769:. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL. pp. 82–96.
1744:. Cambridge University Press. pp. xv.
483:
196:(Latin for "civil law"). This consisted of
3783:
3769:
3604:
3590:
2374:
2360:
2181:Sandefur, Timothy (2008). "Judiciary". In
1872:, p. 150 (Stanford University Press 1967).
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819:United States Court of International Trade
441:The successors of the Glossators were the
96:that interprets, defends, and applies the
2145:. Birmingham, AL: Legal Classics Library.
1594:
470:Canon law knows a few forms of laws: the
3790:
3611:
3519:History of the American legal profession
2180:
1177:
1167:. Oxford: Oxford University. p. 53.
993:
562:
456:
390:to start translating and recreating the
381:The rediscovery of the Digesta from the
316:: This was the collection of the edicts.
290:
278:
269:. Also, a new judicial process came up:
108:, the judiciary generally does not make
27:
1739:
1630:
1334:
1265:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.001.0001
834:Executive Office for Immigration Review
433:in 1263, ending the early scholastics.
202:(Latin for "way of the ancestors") and
4797:
2259:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2136:The High Cost and Effect of Litigation
1576:
1446:Introduction to Reformed Scholasticism
1162:
774:Federal judiciary of the United States
474:, decisions made by Councils, and the
328:: This contained all new laws created.
46:federal judiciary of the United States
3764:
3585:
2355:
522:on 27 May 1917 obtained legal force.
2015:from the original on 16 January 2013
1962:from the original on 19 October 2014
1444:van Asselt, Willem J. (April 2011).
401:: translations of the old Roman laws
112:(which is the responsibility of the
2241:from the original on 9 January 2023
1927:"Introduction to the Courth system"
1742:The Eucharist in Medieval Canon Law
838:United States Department of Justice
778:List of courts of the United States
233:Pre-classical Roman Law (264–27 BC)
13:
2193:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
2150:An Introduction to Legal Reasoning
2124:The Nature of the Judicial Process
2114:
2098:from the original on 22 April 2013
1980:
1953:
1934:Syracuse University College of Law
1790:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
1693:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
1646:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
1530:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
1483:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
1397:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
1350:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
1288:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
1178:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
1116:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
1069:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
947:Lesaffer, Randall (25 June 2009).
799:United States federal court system
668:for administrative cases, and the
172:
38:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
4821:
2503:Restitution and unjust enrichment
2283:
2041:from the original on 19 June 2013
1881:American Bar Association (2004).
394:and create literature around it:
4540:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4015:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3550:
3549:
3535:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2278:. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
2177:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
2163:. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books.
1236:from the original on 27 May 2019
877:
767:
339:Canon law of the Catholic Church
3514:History of the legal profession
2084:
2053:
2027:
2001:
1974:
1947:
1918:
1899:
1860:
1845:
1830:
1783:
1758:
1733:
1686:
1639:
1624:
1619:10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_sim_01749
1603:
1579:"Commentators on The Roman Law"
1570:
1523:
1476:
1437:
1390:
1343:
1328:
1281:
1248:
1036:Cicero, Marcus Tullius (2011).
823:United States courts of appeals
811:United States bankruptcy courts
755:, and then are approved by the
534:, like the post-glossators for
92:The judiciary is the system of
4085:Federated States of Micronesia
2009:"The Japanese Judicial System"
1218:
1171:
1165:History of Roman Legal Science
1156:
1109:
1062:
1040:. Cambridge University Press.
1029:
1016:
987:
940:
787:President of the United States
785:justices are appointed by the
672:for civil and criminal cases.
541:
332:
188:Archaic Roman Law (650–264 BC)
1:
2342:The dictionary definition of
2276:The Legal System in Operation
2121:Cardozo, Benjamin N. (1998).
2035:"Mexico-Judicial Legislative"
933:
827:United States district courts
637:, federal cases are tried in
466:Early Scholastics (1070–1234)
377:Early scholastics (1070–1263)
369:
1924:Public Services Department.
923:Rule according to higher law
649:and then the Supreme Court.
526:Late Scholastics (1234–1453)
452:
437:Late scholastics (1263–1453)
192:The most important part was
7:
2274:Zelermyer, William (1977).
2159:Marshall, Thurgood (2001).
2154:University of Chicago Press
1866:Cappelletti, Mauro et al.
1024:Oxford Classical Dictionary
870:
783:United States Supreme Court
698:Judicial systems by country
249:Principate (27 BC – 284 AD)
19:For the American band, see
10:
4826:
3181:International legal theory
2660:International slavery laws
2655:International human rights
2650:International criminal law
2209:10.4135/9781412965811.n160
2173:Miller, Arthur S. (1985).
2168:The American Supreme Court
803:federal judicial districts
771:
709:
701:
681:National People's Congress
677:People's Republic of China
627:United States court system
621:Country-specific functions
336:
176:
162:
158:
87:
18:
3796:
3717:
3681:
3645:
3619:
3529:
3506:
3396:
3234:Administration of justice
3219:
3128:
3019:
2898:
2800:
2521:
2389:
2304:Resources in your library
2271:. New York: Random House.
1906:The American Legal System
1765:Dębiński, Antoni (2010).
1633:Worlds of Medieval Europe
1337:Worlds of Medieval Europe
998:. Cambridge. p. 108.
861:state and territorial law
840:in the executive branch.
807:twelve regional circuits.
742:
303:consisted of four parts:
74:court or judiciary system
3960:Central African Republic
3658:Civil service commission
3011:Basic structure doctrine
2861:Natural and legal rights
2742:Public international law
2267:Tribe, Laurence (1985).
1911:13 February 2010 at the
1869:The Italian Legal System
1230:Encyclopaedia Britannica
737:Japanese judicial branch
712:Judicial system of Japan
705:
686:Other countries such as
214:was written down in the
139:, the provisions of the
3191:Principle of typicality
2665:International trade law
2381:
2148:Levi, Edward H. (1949)
2143:Law and the Modern Mind
1596:10.17077/0006-7474.1414
1257:Oxford Handbooks Online
1226:"Roman Legal Procedure"
994:Jolowicz, H.F. (1952).
635:US federal court system
271:cognitio extraordinaria
3905:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2330:Quotations related to
2141:Frank, Jerome (1985).
1894:ABA Family Legal Guide
1740:Izbicki, T.M. (2015).
1631:Backman, C.R. (2014).
1335:Backman, C.R. (2014).
1163:Schulz, Fritz (1953).
733:Supreme Court of Japan
575:
484:
462:
287:
49:
34:Supreme Court Building
4655:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
4530:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4510:Republic of the Congo
3735:Judicial independence
3186:Principle of legality
2945:Delegated legislation
2645:Intellectual property
2195:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
2129:Yale University Press
2061:"The Judicial Branch"
1577:Skyrms, J.F. (1980).
908:Judicial independence
751:are appointed by the
749:Mexican Supreme Court
566:
506:Roman Catholic Church
497:Corpus Juris Canonici
460:
291:Dominate (284–565 AD)
282:
31:
4810:Separation of powers
4725:United Arab Emirates
3791:Judiciaries of World
3730:Separation of duties
3613:Separation of powers
3404:Barristers' chambers
3346:Legal representation
3284:Justice of the peace
2630:Financial regulation
2322:at Wikimedia Commons
1888:16 July 2010 at the
1767:Church and Roman law
903:Political corruption
791:United States Senate
789:and approved by the
516:Codex Iuris Canonici
427:Accursius wrote the
392:Corpus Iuris Civilis
383:Corpus Iuris Civilis
360:Corpus Iuris Civilis
351:Corpus Iuris Civilis
301:Corpus Iuris Civilis
297:Corpus Iuris Civilis
284:Corpus Iuris Civilis
206:(Latin for "laws").
106:separation of powers
4690:Trinidad and Tobago
3825:Antigua and Barbuda
3646:Additional branches
3439:Election commission
3151:Expressive function
2680:Landlord–tenant law
2579:Consumer protection
2203:. pp. 265–67.
1983:"Japan's Judiciary"
853:inhabited territory
753:President of Mexico
653:, which try 98% of
362:is also called the
137:primary legislation
100:in the name of the
76:) is the system of
56:(also known as the
4035:Dominican Republic
3397:Legal institutions
3264:Lawsuit/Litigation
3254:Dispute resolution
3059:Catholic canon law
2767:State of emergency
2730:Will and testament
2454:Law of obligations
2407:Constitutional law
2397:Administrative law
1836:Hamilton, Marci.
670:Court of Cassation
643:US district courts
576:
463:
417:Quaestio Disputata
288:
70:judiciative branch
50:
4792:
4791:
4060:Equatorial Guinea
3758:
3757:
3579:
3578:
3239:Constitutionalism
3161:Law and economics
2999:Act of parliament
2737:Product liability
2690:Legal archaeology
2615:Environmental law
2609:Entertainment law
2449:International law
2318:Media related to
2290:Library resources
2255:cite encyclopedia
2218:978-1-4129-6580-4
2078:National Archives
1839:God vs. the Gavel
1611:Benedict XV, Pope
855:also has its own
580:French Revolution
518:) promulgated by
511:Code of Canon Law
500:. It was used by
486:Decretum Gratiani
314:Digesta/Pandectae
263:edictum perpetuum
149:international law
4817:
4475:Papua New Guinea
4340:Marshall Islands
3785:
3778:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3725:Fusion of powers
3620:Typical branches
3606:
3599:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3540:
3539:
3363:Question of fact
3244:Criminal justice
2574:Construction law
2569:Conflict of laws
2534:Agricultural law
2376:
2369:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2341:
2329:
2317:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2092:"Federal Courts"
2088:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2024:
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2020:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1943:on 27 July 2011.
1942:
1936:. Archived from
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1879:
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1013:
1007:
999:
991:
985:
984:
978:
970:
944:
887:
882:
881:
795:Washington, D.C.
747:Justices of the
666:Council of State
647:appellate courts
520:Pope Benedict XV
489:
430:Glossa Ordinaria
84:in legal cases.
21:Judiciary (band)
4825:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4595:Solomon Islands
4440:North Macedonia
3792:
3789:
3759:
3754:
3740:Judicial review
3713:
3677:
3641:
3615:
3610:
3580:
3575:
3548:
3534:
3525:
3502:
3493:Political party
3466:Legal education
3454:Law enforcement
3434:Court of equity
3392:
3368:Question of law
3321:Practice of law
3301:Judicial review
3215:
3166:Legal formalism
3146:Comparative law
3141:Contract theory
3124:
3044:Legal pluralism
3015:
3004:Act of Congress
2928:Executive order
2894:
2796:
2715:Nationality law
2640:Immigration law
2564:Competition law
2517:
2385:
2380:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2286:
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2252:
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2117:
2115:Further reading
2112:
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2018:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1981:Mosleh, Peter.
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1954:Grider, Alisa.
1952:
1948:
1940:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:Wayback Machine
1904:
1900:
1890:Wayback Machine
1880:
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1021:
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1001:
1000:
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988:
972:
971:
959:
945:
941:
936:
918:Judicial review
913:Judicial reform
883:
876:
873:
801:consists of 94
780:
772:Main articles:
770:
745:
714:
708:
703:
700:
692:cassation court
641:, known as the
623:
592:
584:Napoleonic Code
544:
528:
490:, or simply as
468:
455:
443:Post-Glossators
439:
379:
374:
341:
335:
293:
251:
235:
190:
185:
175:
173:Roman judiciary
167:
161:
133:judicial review
90:
66:judicial branch
58:judicial system
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4823:
4813:
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4807:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4770:Western Sahara
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4730:United Kingdom
4727:
4722:
4717:
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4707:
4702:
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4692:
4687:
4682:
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4010:Czech Republic
4007:
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3704:United Kingdom
3701:
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3574:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3545:
3542:Law portal
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3378:Trial advocacy
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3333:
3328:
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3214:
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3208:
3203:
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3183:
3178:
3173:
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2915:
2910:
2908:Ballot measure
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2885:Legal treatise
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2853:
2851:Letters patent
2848:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2802:Sources of law
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2787:Unenforced law
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2779:
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2559:Commercial law
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2287:
2285:
2284:External links
2282:
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2279:
2272:
2265:
2217:
2201:Cato Institute
2183:Hamowy, Ronald
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2083:
2066:whitehouse.gov
2052:
2026:
2000:
1989:on 26 May 2013
1973:
1946:
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1232:. 3 May 2019.
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888:
872:
869:
865:supreme courts
836:, part of the
769:
766:
757:Mexican Senate
744:
741:
710:Main article:
707:
704:
699:
696:
645:, followed by
622:
619:
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588:
543:
540:
527:
524:
467:
464:
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451:
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435:
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408:
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378:
375:
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368:
334:
331:
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329:
323:
317:
311:
292:
289:
250:
247:
234:
231:
189:
186:
174:
171:
160:
157:
89:
86:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4822:
4811:
4808:
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4803:
4802:
4800:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:United States
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
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4683:
4681:
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4668:
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4638:
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4611:
4608:
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4603:
4601:
4598:
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4408:
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4398:
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4388:
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4378:
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4371:
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4348:
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4338:
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4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:Liechtenstein
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
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4253:
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4228:
4226:
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4221:
4218:
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4213:
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4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
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4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4150:Guinea-Bissau
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
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4088:
4086:
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4081:
4078:
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4073:
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4066:
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4038:
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4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
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3918:
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3901:
3898:
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3893:
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3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
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3861:
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3856:
3853:
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3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3786:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3751:
3750:Unified power
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3709:United States
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3653:Fourth Estate
3651:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
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3509:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Civil society
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:Trier of fact
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3269:Legal opinion
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Court-martial
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3221:Jurisprudence
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3110:Statutory law
3108:
3106:
3105:Socialist law
3103:
3099:
3098:Byzantine law
3096:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3049:Religious law
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3021:Legal systems
3018:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2989:Statutory law
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2956:
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2926:
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2914:
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2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
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2897:
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2876:
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2870:
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2866:
2862:
2859:
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2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Statutory law
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2777:Transport law
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
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2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2695:Legal fiction
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
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2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Financial law
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:Corporate law
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
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2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Statutory law
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
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2479:
2475:
2472:
2470:
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2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
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2400:
2398:
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2394:
2392:
2390:Core subjects
2388:
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2377:
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2365:
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2358:
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2354:
2347:
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2340:
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2301:
2296:
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2266:
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2256:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2188:Archived copy
2184:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:. New Haven:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2079:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2014:
2010:
2004:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1939:
1935:
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1907:
1902:
1895:
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1819:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1801:9780521877985
1797:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1776:9788377020128
1772:
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1753:
1751:9781107124417
1747:
1743:
1736:
1728:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1704:9780521877985
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1649:
1642:
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1627:
1620:
1616:
1612:
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1588:
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1583:Books at Iowa
1580:
1573:
1565:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1541:9780521877985
1537:
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1526:
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1494:9780521877985
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1471:
1465:
1457:
1455:9781601783196
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1408:9780521877985
1404:
1400:
1393:
1385:
1379:
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1361:9780521877985
1357:
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1338:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1299:9780521877985
1295:
1291:
1284:
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1274:9780198728689
1270:
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1235:
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1227:
1221:
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1207:
1199:
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1189:9780521877985
1185:
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1174:
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1159:
1151:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1127:9780521877985
1123:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1080:9780521877985
1076:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1047:9780521593601
1043:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1019:
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1005:
997:
990:
982:
976:
968:
964:
960:
958:9780521877985
954:
950:
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929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
898:Supreme court
896:
894:
891:
890:
886:
880:
875:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
841:
839:
835:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
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808:
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796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
775:
768:United States
765:
763:
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754:
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740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:United States
718:
713:
695:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:Supreme Court
628:
618:
616:
615:
614:stare decisis
610:
606:
602:
598:
587:
585:
581:
573:
569:
565:
561:
559:
555:
554:inquisitorial
551:
550:
539:
537:
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523:
521:
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503:
499:
498:
493:
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372:
367:
365:
361:
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327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:Institutiones
306:
305:
304:
302:
298:
285:
281:
277:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
246:
244:
240:
230:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:Twelve Tables
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:
195:
184:
183:Byzantine law
180:
170:
166:
165:Legal history
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
129:jurisdictions
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:statutory law
107:
103:
99:
95:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
47:
43:
42:highest court
39:
35:
30:
26:
22:
4755:Vatican City
4705:Turkmenistan
4605:South Africa
4575:Sierra Leone
4555:Saudi Arabia
3930:Burkina Faso
3745:Dual mandate
3636:
3568:
3561:
3547:
3533:
3448:
3306:Jurisdiction
3274:Legal remedy
3229:Adjudication
3129:Legal theory
2967:Ratification
2962:Promulgation
2933:Proclamation
2913:Codification
2846:Human rights
2834:Divine right
2824:Constitution
2792:Women in law
2710:Military law
2705:Marriage law
2700:Maritime law
2599:Election law
2539:Aviation law
2529:Abortion law
2481:Property law
2417:Criminal law
2344:
2334:at Wikiquote
2294:
2275:
2268:
2243:. Retrieved
2192:
2187:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2122:
2100:. Retrieved
2086:
2076:– via
2070:. Retrieved
2064:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1987:the original
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1949:
1938:the original
1920:
1901:
1893:
1877:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1832:
1791:
1785:
1766:
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1445:
1439:
1398:
1392:
1351:
1345:
1336:
1330:
1289:
1283:
1256:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1229:
1220:
1179:
1173:
1164:
1158:
1117:
1111:
1070:
1064:
1037:
1031:
1023:
1018:
995:
989:
948:
942:
857:court system
842:
831:
781:
746:
715:
685:
674:
659:
651:State courts
639:trial courts
624:
613:
608:
593:
577:
571:
568:Lady Justice
547:
545:
535:
532:Decretalists
529:
515:
509:
495:
491:
475:
471:
469:
446:
440:
428:
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420:
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410:
404:
398:
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359:
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349:
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325:
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262:
252:
236:
227:
226:Apud Iudicem
223:
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211:
207:
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197:
193:
191:
168:
141:constitution
126:
91:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
51:
25:
4805:Judiciaries
4645:Switzerland
4615:South Sudan
4610:South Korea
4535:Saint Lucia
4490:Philippines
4435:North Korea
4415:New Zealand
4410:Netherlands
4215:Ivory Coast
4055:El Salvador
3800:Afghanistan
3673:Prosecutory
3632:Legislature
3478:Legislature
3409:Bureaucracy
3206:Rule of man
3201:Rule of law
3176:Libertarian
3039:Chinese law
2940:Legislation
2890:Regulations
2878:Law reports
2856:Natural law
2752:Reparations
2747:Refugee law
2670:Jurimetrics
2611:(Media law)
2549:Banking law
2544:Amnesty law
2522:Disciplines
2459:Private law
2320:Judiciaries
2245:15 December
2152:. Chicago:
928:Rule of law
893:Bench (law)
762:Mexico City
558:adversarial
549:Ius Commune
542:Ius Commune
407:: summaries
364:Scholastics
333:Middle Ages
212:Mos Maiorum
208:Mos Maiorum
199:Mos Maiorum
114:legislature
36:houses the
4799:Categories
4745:Uzbekistan
4665:Tajikistan
4570:Seychelles
4550:San Marino
4385:Mozambique
4375:Montenegro
4345:Mauritania
4310:Madagascar
4305:Luxembourg
4260:Kyrgyzstan
4235:Kazakhstan
4040:East Timor
3990:Costa Rica
3955:Cape Verde
3865:Bangladesh
3850:Azerbaijan
3682:By country
3471:Law school
3351:Prosecutor
3289:Magistrate
3076:Jewish law
3034:Common law
2955:Rulemaking
2950:Regulation
2900:Law making
2839:Divine law
2815:Legal code
2762:Sports law
2685:Law of war
2635:Health law
2620:Family law
2604:Energy law
2554:Bankruptcy
2491:Punishment
2486:Public law
2227:2008009151
1038:De Oratore
934:References
885:Law portal
655:litigation
609:common law
605:negligence
578:After the
536:Ius Civile
480:decretists
421:sic et non
411:Brocardica
388:Glossators
371:Ius Civile
346:Ius Civile
337:See also:
255:Principate
194:Ius Civile
177:See also:
163:See also:
153:common law
122:common law
62:judicature
4760:Venezuela
4625:Sri Lanka
4580:Singapore
4465:Palestine
4420:Nicaragua
4350:Mauritius
4300:Lithuania
4185:Indonesia
4140:Guatemala
3840:Australia
3830:Argentina
3699:Singapore
3694:Hong Kong
3689:Australia
3668:Electoral
3637:Judiciary
3627:Executive
3449:Judiciary
3444:Executive
3419:The bench
3356:Solicitor
3331:Barrister
3211:Sociology
3196:Pseudolaw
3136:Anarchist
3093:Roman law
3081:Parsi law
3066:Hindu law
3054:Canon law
3029:Civil law
2982:Concordat
2873:Precedent
2782:Trust law
2757:Space law
2594:Drugs law
2464:Procedure
2402:Civil law
2345:judiciary
2332:Judiciary
2235:750831024
2138:, 3 vols.
1818:cite book
1810:299718438
1721:cite book
1713:299718438
1674:cite book
1666:299718438
1558:cite book
1550:299718438
1511:cite book
1503:299718438
1464:cite book
1425:cite book
1417:299718438
1378:cite book
1370:299718438
1316:cite book
1308:299718438
1206:cite book
1198:299718438
1144:cite book
1136:299718438
1097:cite book
1089:299718438
1056:781329456
1026:(4th ed.)
1004:cite book
975:cite book
967:299718438
688:Argentina
502:canonists
453:Canon Law
179:Roman law
118:executive
54:judiciary
4785:Zimbabwe
4675:Thailand
4670:Tanzania
4635:Suriname
4590:Slovenia
4585:Slovakia
4500:Portugal
4480:Paraguay
4455:Pakistan
4370:Mongolia
4325:Maldives
4320:Malaysia
4245:Kiribati
4165:Honduras
4080:Ethiopia
4075:Eswatini
4030:Dominica
4025:Djibouti
3980:Colombia
3945:Cameroon
3940:Cambodia
3925:Bulgaria
3910:Botswana
3870:Barbados
3718:See also
3663:Auditory
3556:Category
3498:Tribunal
3483:Military
3326:Attorney
3296:Judgment
3156:Feminist
3071:Jain law
2868:Case law
2589:Cyberlaw
2496:Corporal
2474:Criminal
2444:Evidence
2434:Doctrine
2412:Contract
2239:Archived
2102:20 April
2096:Archived
2072:20 April
2045:20 April
2039:Archived
2019:20 April
2013:Archived
1993:20 April
1960:Archived
1909:Archived
1886:Archived
1589:: 3–14.
1234:Archived
871:See also
849:district
597:case law
572:Justicia
570:(Latin:
492:Decretum
447:consilia
326:Novellae
259:Augustus
145:treaties
127:In many
4765:Vietnam
4750:Vanuatu
4740:Uruguay
4720:Ukraine
4695:Tunisia
4600:Somalia
4560:Senegal
4515:Romania
4430:Nigeria
4395:Namibia
4390:Myanmar
4380:Morocco
4360:Moldova
4285:Liberia
4280:Lesotho
4275:Lebanon
4220:Jamaica
4200:Ireland
4175:Iceland
4170:Hungary
4135:Grenada
4120:Germany
4115:Georgia
4095:Finland
4070:Estonia
4065:Eritrea
4045:Ecuador
4020:Denmark
3995:Croatia
3985:Comoros
3935:Burundi
3900:Bolivia
3880:Belgium
3875:Belarus
3860:Bahrain
3855:Bahamas
3845:Austria
3835:Armenia
3815:Andorra
3810:Algeria
3805:Albania
3570:Outline
3507:History
3414:The bar
3388:Verdict
3336:Counsel
3316:Justice
3171:History
2994:Statute
2810:Charter
2772:Tax law
2720:Probate
2185:(ed.).
1259:: 153.
723:and in
675:In the
625:In the
504:of the
476:decreta
472:canones
461:Gratian
399:Glossae
267:Hadrian
239:praetor
222:In Iure
159:History
88:Meaning
44:in the
4780:Zambia
4715:Uganda
4710:Tuvalu
4700:Turkey
4660:Taiwan
4640:Sweden
4565:Serbia
4525:Rwanda
4520:Russia
4495:Poland
4470:Panama
4445:Norway
4365:Monaco
4355:Mexico
4315:Malawi
4270:Latvia
4255:Kuwait
4250:Kosovo
4230:Jordan
4205:Israel
4155:Guyana
4145:Guinea
4130:Greece
4110:Gambia
4100:France
4005:Cyprus
3950:Canada
3920:Brunei
3915:Brazil
3895:Bhutan
3885:Belize
3820:Angola
3488:Police
3459:Agency
3341:Lawyer
3086:Sharia
2977:Treaty
2972:Repeal
2918:Decree
2829:Custom
2725:Estate
2675:Labour
2439:Equity
2292:about
2233:
2225:
2215:
1966:23 May
1808:
1798:
1773:
1748:
1711:
1701:
1664:
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1548:
1538:
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1491:
1452:
1415:
1405:
1368:
1358:
1306:
1296:
1271:
1240:16 May
1196:
1186:
1134:
1124:
1087:
1077:
1054:
1044:
965:
955:
825:, and
743:Mexico
725:Mexico
662:France
629:, the
405:Summae
286:, 1607
94:courts
78:courts
72:, and
40:, the
4775:Yemen
4685:Tonga
4650:Syria
4630:Sudan
4620:Spain
4545:Samoa
4505:Qatar
4460:Palau
4425:Niger
4405:Nepal
4400:Nauru
4335:Malta
4290:Libya
4240:Kenya
4225:Japan
4210:Italy
4180:India
4160:Haiti
4125:Ghana
4105:Gabon
4050:Egypt
3975:China
3970:Chile
3890:Benin
3563:Index
3429:Court
3373:Trial
3279:Judge
3120:Yassa
2923:Edict
2469:Civil
2422:Crime
1941:(PDF)
1930:(PDF)
1892:. In
845:state
843:Each
717:Japan
706:Japan
320:Codex
243:edict
204:Leges
102:state
4680:Togo
4485:Peru
4450:Oman
4330:Mali
4265:Laos
4195:Iraq
4190:Iran
4090:Fiji
4000:Cuba
3965:Chad
3311:Jury
3259:Fiqh
3115:Xeer
2513:Tort
2429:Deed
2261:link
2247:2016
2231:OCLC
2223:LCCN
2213:ISBN
2197:SAGE
2104:2013
2074:2013
2047:2013
2021:2013
1995:2013
1968:2006
1824:link
1806:OCLC
1796:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1727:link
1709:OCLC
1699:ISBN
1680:link
1662:OCLC
1652:ISBN
1564:link
1546:OCLC
1536:ISBN
1517:link
1499:OCLC
1489:ISBN
1470:link
1450:ISBN
1431:link
1413:OCLC
1403:ISBN
1384:link
1366:OCLC
1356:ISBN
1322:link
1304:OCLC
1294:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1242:2019
1212:link
1194:OCLC
1184:ISBN
1150:link
1132:OCLC
1122:ISBN
1103:link
1085:OCLC
1075:ISBN
1052:OCLC
1042:ISBN
1010:link
981:link
963:OCLC
953:ISBN
851:and
797:The
776:and
729:Wako
601:tort
530:The
253:The
181:and
52:The
32:The
2383:Law
2295:Mad
2205:doi
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