545:(also known as the Active Personality Principle): This principle is based around a person's nationality and allows States to exercise jurisdiction when it comes to their nationality, both within and outside the State's territory. Seeing as the territoriality principle already gives the State the right to exercise jurisdiction, this principle is primarily used as a justification for prosecuting crimes committed abroad by a States nationals. There is a growing trend to allow States to also apply this principle to permanent residents abroad as well (for example: Denmark Criminal Code (2005), sec 7; Finland Criminal Code (2015), sec 6; Iceland Criminal Code (2014), art 5; Latvia Criminal Code (2013), sec 4; Netherlands Criminal Code (2019), art 7; Norway Criminal Code (2005), sec 12; Swedish Criminal Code (1999), sec 2; Lithuania Criminal Code (2015), art 5).
1162:
may be referred to the
District Courts. Seven judges in the Appeals Court hear most criminal appeals from District Courts, all appeals from juvenile court and all domestic/divorce cases from District Court, as well as some cases transferred to them by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court seats five judges who hear appeals on first-degree felonies (the most serious) including capital crimes, as well as all civil cases from District Court (excepting divorce/domestic cases). The Supreme Court also oversees cases involving interpretation of the state Constitution, election matters, judicial conduct, and alleged misconduct by lawyers. This example shows how matters arising in the same physical territory might be seen in different courts. A minor traffic infraction originating in
1170:. If both the minor traffic offense and the felony arrests resulted in guilty verdicts, the traffic conviction could be appealed to the District Court in Provo, while the second-degree felony appeal would be heard by the Appeals Court in Salt Lake City and the first-degree felony appeal would be heard by the Supreme Court. Similarly for civil matters, a small claims case arising in Orem would probably be heard in the Orem Justice Court, while a divorce filed by an Orem resident would be heard by the District Court in Provo. The above examples apply only to cases of Utah state law; any case under Federal jurisdiction would be handled by a different court system. All Federal cases arising in Utah are under the jurisdiction of the
741:
331:). Under Article 34 Statute of the ICJ only nations may be parties in cases before the Court and, under Article 36, the jurisdiction comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in force. But, to invoke the jurisdiction in any given case, all the parties have to accept the prospective judgment as binding. This reduces the risk of wasting the Court's time.
1290:
32:
1081:, meaning that they can choose which cases to hear from among all the cases presented on appeal. Such courts generally only choose to hear cases that would settle important and controversial points of law. Though these courts have discretion to deny cases they otherwise could adjudicate, no court has the discretion to hear a case that falls outside of its subject matter jurisdiction.
352:(WTO) that have socially and economically significant dispute resolution functions but, again, even though their jurisdiction may be invoked to hear the cases, the power to enforce their decisions is at the will of the nations affected, save that the WTO is permitted to allow retaliatory action by successful nations against those nations found to be in breach of
415:, all treaties and the orders of international organizations are effective without any action being required to convert international into municipal law. This has an interesting consequence because treaties that limit or extend the powers of the Dutch government are automatically considered a part of their constitutional law, for example, the
551:: This principle is similar to the Nationality Principle, except you are exercising jurisdiction against a foreign national that has committed a criminal act against its own national. The idea is that a State has a duty to protect its nationals and therefore if someone harms their nationals that State has the right to prosecute the accused.
532:
Under international law there are different principles that are recognized to establish a state's ability to exercise criminal jurisdiction when it comes to a person. There is no hierarchy when it comes to any of the principles. States must therefore work together to solve issues of who may exercise
1161:
and child custody cases, some small claims, and appeals from
Justice Courts. Twenty-eight judges handle Juvenile Court, which oversees most people under 18 years old who are accused of a crime, as well as cases of alleged child abuse or neglect; serious crimes committed by 16 or 17 year old persons
711:
jurisdiction. Otherwise, one government entity will have exclusive jurisdiction over the shared area. When jurisdiction is concurrent, one government entity may have supreme jurisdiction over the other entity if their laws conflict. If the executive or legislative powers within the jurisdiction are
462:
of the United States
Constitution makes all treaties that have been ratified under the authority of the United States and customary international law to be a part of the "Supreme Law of the Land" (along with the Constitution itself and acts of Congress passed pursuant to it) (U.S. Const.art. VI Cl.
723:
Child custody cases in the U.S. are a prime example of jurisdictional dilemmas caused by different states under a federal alignment. When parents and children are in different states, there is the possibility of different state court orders over-ruling each other. The U.S. solved this problem by
442:, for example, a treaty is not effective until it has been incorporated, at which time it becomes enforceable in the courts by any private citizen, where appropriate, even against the UK Government. Otherwise the courts have a discretion to apply international law where it does not conflict with
220:
establishes two key rules to the prescription and enforcement of jurisdiction. The case outlines that jurisdiction is territorial and that a state may not exercise its jurisdiction in the territory of another state unless there is a rule that permits this. On that same note, states enjoy a wide
334:
Despite the safeguards built into the constitutions of most of these organizations, courts and tribunals, the concept of universal jurisdiction is controversial among those nations which prefer unilateral to multilateral solutions through the use of executive or military authority, sometimes
267:
However, it is often at the discretion of each nation whether to co-operate or participate. If a nation does agree to participate in activities of the supranational bodies and accept decisions, the nation is giving up its sovereign authority and thereby allocating power to these bodies.
539:: This principle states that the State where the crime has been committed may exercise jurisdiction. This is one of the most straightforward and least controversial of the principles. This is also the only principle that is territorial in nature; all other forms are extraterritorial.
401:
in those nations can invoke the jurisdiction of local courts to enforce rights granted under international law wherever there is incorporation. If there is no direct effect or legislation, there are two theories to justify the courts incorporating international into municipal law:
1065:
may hear only cases arising under federal law and treaties, cases involving ambassadors, admiralty cases, controversies between states or between a state and citizens of another state, lawsuits involving citizens of different states, and against foreign states and citizens.
376:
has been given jurisdiction as the ultimate appellate court to the member states on issues of
European law. This jurisdiction is entrenched, and its authority could only be denied by a member nation if that member nation asserts its sovereignty and withdraws from the union.
557:: This principle allows States to exercise jurisdiction when it comes to foreign nationals for acts committed outside their territory that have or are intended to have a prejudicial impact upon the State. It is especially used when it comes to matters of national security.
323:(ICJ), which jointly assert the benefit of maintaining legal entities with jurisdiction over a wide range of matters of significance to nations (the ICJ should not be confused with the ICC and this version of "universal jurisdiction" is not the same as that enacted in the
437:
This theory regards international and municipal law as separate systems so that the municipal courts can only apply international law either when it has been incorporated into municipal law or when the courts incorporate international law on their own motion. In the
1274:. Analogous jurisdiction existed in medieval times on the European Continent. Over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, franchise jurisdictions were largely eliminated. Several formerly important franchise courts were not officially abolished until
647:
in the member nations. Council
Regulation (EC) 44/2001 now also applies as between the rest of the EU Member States and Denmark due to an agreement reached between the European Community and Denmark. In some legal areas, at least, the reciprocal
356:. At a regional level, groups of nations can create political and legal bodies with sometimes complicated patchworks of overlapping provisions detailing the jurisdictional relationships between the member states and providing for some degree of
1109:
have appellate jurisdiction over matters appealed from the district courts. The U.S. Supreme Court, in turn, has appellate jurisdiction (of a discretionary nature) over the Courts of
Appeals, as well as the state supreme courts, by means of
603:
At a supranational level, countries have adopted a range of treaty and convention obligations to relate the right of individual litigants to invoke the jurisdiction of national courts and to enforce the judgments obtained. For example, the
563:: This is the broadest of all the principles. The basis is that a State has the right, sometimes even the obligation, to exercise jurisdiction when it comes to the most serious violations of international criminal law; for example
2017:
1125:, the Supreme court has original and exclusive jurisdiction over controversies between two or more states, and original (but non-exclusive) jurisdiction over cases involving officials of foreign states, controversies between the
2934:
533:
their jurisdiction when it comes to issues of multiple principles being allowed. The principles are
Territorial Principle, Nationality Principle, Passive Personality Principle, Protective Principle, Universality Principle
287:
The fact that international organizations, courts and tribunals have been created raises the difficult question of how to co-ordinate their activities with those of national courts. If the two sets of bodies do not have
2809:
2232:
416:
2224:
1605:
2192:
275:
obligations in the nature of laws, the power ceded to these bodies cumulatively represents its own jurisdiction. But no matter how powerful each body may appear to be, the extent to which any of their
279:
may be enforced, or proposed treaties and conventions may become, or remain, effective within the territorial boundaries of each nation is a political matter under the sovereign control each nation.
1141:
has five types of courts, each for different legal matters and different physical territories. One-hundred-and-eight judges oversee
Justice Courts, which handle traffic and parking citations,
728:. The act established criteria for determining which state has primary jurisdiction, which allows courts to defer the hearing of a case if an appropriate administrative agency determines so.
2645:
587:. This principle also goes further than the other principles as there is attached to it the obligation to either prosecute the accused or extradite them to a State that will, known as
2990:
2894:
1566:
300:, i.e., the international court is subsidiary or complementary to national courts, the difficulty is avoided. But if the jurisdiction claimed is concurrent or, as in the case of
2637:
974:
548:
2240:
1166:
is handled by the Orem
Justice Court. However, a second-degree felony arrest and a first-degree felony arrest in Orem would be under the jurisdiction of the District Court in
1101:, while a court of appellate jurisdiction may only hear an action after the court of original jurisdiction (or a lower appellate court) has heard the matter. For example, in
1925:
2597:
2589:
2216:
1917:
3129:
1538:"Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters"
2605:
2033:
301:
213:. These are equality of states, territorial sovereignty and non-intervention. This raises questions of when can many states prescribe or enforce jurisdiction. The
209:
agree to be bound to. Such agreements are not always established or maintained. Extraterritorial jurisdiction is exercised through three principles outlined in the
1537:
372:
will be very difficult to overcome. Each such group may form transnational institutions with declared legislative or judicial powers. For example, in Europe, the
1597:
1732:
725:
385:
The standard treaties and conventions leave the issue of implementation to each nation, i.e. there is no general rule in international law that treaties have
3022:
1901:
1171:
703:
When the jurisdictions of government entities overlap one another—for example between a state and the federation to which it belongs—their jurisdiction is a
454:
permits the legislature to enact any law inconsistent with any international treaty obligations even though the government is a signatory to those treaties.
2573:
2264:
1657:"Rule 12. Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing"
420:
2902:
1885:
967:
1745:: "Local jurisdictions are also facing shortfalls, and much will depend on the economy and political decisions at the local, state and federal levels";
221:
measure of discretion to prescribe jurisdiction over persons, property and acts within their own territory unless there was a rule that prohibits this.
411:
This theory characterizes international and municipal law as a single legal system with municipal law subordinate to international law. Hence, in the
2501:
2078:
1179:
616:
in 1968 and, subject to amendments as new nations joined, it represents the default law for all twenty-seven Member States of what is now termed the
3014:
2517:
2070:
327:, which is an assertion of extraterritorial jurisdiction that will fail to gain implementation in any other state under the standard provisions of
1045:, each state has courts of general jurisdiction; most states also have some courts of limited jurisdiction. Federal courts (those operated by the
1834:
1417:
713:
2280:
960:
2613:
2421:
1685:
1313:
509:
1574:
2621:
2248:
1893:
493:, and between courts within the same jurisdiction. The usual legal doctrine under which questions of jurisdiction are decided is termed
2312:
2095:
2525:
1720:
3094:
3006:
1794:
1771:
368:
both have the potential to become federated nations although the political barriers to such unification in the face of entrenched
2090:
1126:
1046:
927:
463:
2) As such, the law of the land is binding on the federal government as well as on state and local governments. According to the
1105:, the United States district courts have original jurisdiction over a number of different matters (as mentioned above), and the
2793:
1822:
1784:
748:
304:(ICTY), the international tribunal is to prevail over national courts, the problems are more difficult to resolve politically.
652:
is now more straightforward. At a national level, the traditional rules still determine jurisdiction over persons who are not
2272:
2041:
1937:
946:
393:, but some nations, by virtue of their membership of supranational bodies, allow the direct incorporation of rights or enact
1746:
1664:
3038:
2533:
2377:
2112:
1050:
988:
805:
271:
Insofar as these bodies or nominated individuals may resolve disputes through judicial or quasi-judicial means, or promote
96:
1635:
3251:
2160:
1956:
677:
68:
2926:
2328:
1869:
1831:
1545:
1118:
464:
1729:
3184:
1381:
1318:
850:
115:
1117:
However, in a special class of cases, the U.S. Supreme Court has the power to exercise original jurisdiction. Under
75:
2288:
1149:
cases. Seventy-one judges preside over
District Courts, which deal with civil cases exceeding small claims limits,
712:
not restricted, or have only limited restrictions, these government branches have plenary power such as a national
649:
2493:
1755:: "Large, affluent jurisdictions have scores of high-salaried teachers with correspondingly higher pension costs."
2629:
2485:
2320:
1848:
899:
685:
625:
2966:
2918:
2256:
2168:
1518:
Gideon Boas, Public International Law: Contemporary Principle and Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2012) pp. 258–259.
1500:
Gideon Boas, Public International Law: Contemporary Principle and Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2012) pp. 256–257.
1482:
Gideon Boas, Public International Law: Contemporary Principle and Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2012) pp. 257–258.
1464:
Gideon Boas, Public International Law: Contemporary Principle and Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2012) pp. 255–256.
1446:
Gideon Boas, Public International Law: Contemporary Principle and Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2012) pp. 251–254.
1202:
In the history of English common law, a jurisdiction could be held as a form of property (or more precisely an
1106:
320:
53:
1010:
A court whose subject matter jurisdiction is limited to certain types of controversies (for example, suits in
82:
2998:
2727:
2352:
2336:
2025:
1054:
825:
49:
3030:
2942:
2413:
2136:
2062:
1271:
1102:
1062:
293:
1308:
2711:
2152:
2128:
2053:
1191:
1070:
1003:
937:
816:
632:
609:
472:
64:
20:
3331:
3267:
2469:
2344:
1948:
1815:
1267:
1078:
423:. In nations adopting this theory, the local courts automatically accept jurisdiction to adjudicate on
345:
19:
This article is about civil jurisdiction in a state. For religious or ecclesiastical jurisdiction, see
1425:
1014:
or suits where the monetary amount sought is less than a specified sum) is sometimes referred to as a
3336:
3078:
2437:
885:
840:
373:
1029:
and therefore recognize their own lack of jurisdiction even if neither party has raised the matter.
3299:
3070:
2719:
2509:
2477:
2184:
1964:
1203:
795:
572:
349:
324:
1692:
3283:
3275:
3212:
2854:
2304:
2001:
590:
568:
451:
353:
42:
1097:. A court of original jurisdiction has the power to hear cases as they are first initiated by a
1037:
A court whose subject matter is not limited to certain types of controversy is referred to as a
3046:
2764:
2461:
2200:
2144:
2120:
1877:
1352:
1324:
1094:
1058:
830:
560:
468:
412:
308:
182:
1194:
or political subdivision generally, or to its government, rather than to its legal authority.
3326:
3153:
3054:
2886:
2829:
2581:
2565:
2541:
2445:
2405:
2018:
Black & White Taxicab & Transfer Co. v. Brown & Yellow Taxicab & Transfer Co.
1808:
1090:
861:
835:
584:
542:
536:
162:
like the United States, the concept of jurisdiction applies at multiple levels (e.g., local,
1527:
Malcolm Shaw, International Law (6th edition, Cambridge University Press 2008) pp. 668–686.
1509:
Malcolm Shaw, International Law (6th edition, Cambridge University Press 2008) pp. 666–668.
1491:
Malcolm Shaw, International Law (6th edition, Cambridge University Press 2008) pp. 664–666.
1473:
Malcolm Shaw, International Law (6th edition, Cambridge University Press 2008) pp. 659–664.
1455:
Malcolm Shaw, International Law (6th edition, Cambridge University Press 2008) pp. 652–659.
1335:
1330:
1175:
845:
554:
496:
357:
1800:
1129:
and a state, actions by a state against the citizens of another state or foreign country.
740:
232:
organizations provide mechanisms whereby disputes between nations may be resolved through
89:
8:
2870:
2846:
2756:
2703:
2389:
2176:
1860:
1741:
1716:
1303:
1243:
1074:
932:
922:
917:
878:
669:
490:
477:
328:
312:
190:
1262:
included broad grants of franchise jurisdiction along with other governmental powers to
512:
and other international bodies have made recommendations on jurisdictional matters, but
3259:
3145:
3102:
2958:
2935:
Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
2838:
2739:
2557:
2397:
2296:
1992:
1111:
994:
790:
178:
3291:
3159:
3137:
3121:
3086:
3062:
2817:
2653:
2549:
2453:
2104:
1972:
1909:
1751:
1387:
1377:
1259:
620:
on the relationships between the courts in the different countries. In addition, the
170:
1781:
1190:
The word "jurisdiction" is also used, especially in informal writing, to refer to a
3196:
2661:
2208:
1980:
770:
689:
681:
459:
229:
174:
1266:
or individuals, as did the charters for many other colonial companies such as the
1122:
3243:
3204:
2950:
2910:
2862:
2429:
1788:
1775:
1736:
1656:
1275:
1231:
1207:
752:
640:
621:
613:
163:
2233:
C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma
1573:. The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. Archived from
16:
Authority granted to a legal body or political leader to deal with legal matters
2974:
2878:
2810:
Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson City
2801:
2682:
2009:
1627:
1347:
775:
760:
653:
617:
521:
505:
439:
417:
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
361:
316:
276:
1598:"Court of Appeals to Decide Two Cases With Major Landlord-Tenant Implications"
1391:
3320:
2785:
2748:
2225:
College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
1341:
1255:
1227:
1011:
909:
644:
390:
386:
365:
2193:
Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma
360:
between their national legislative and judicial functions, for example, the
2982:
1544:. Official Journal of the European Union. November 16, 2005. Archived from
1247:
1223:
1211:
1146:
1001:
system, jurisdiction is conceptually divided between jurisdiction over the
717:
605:
508:, nations are urged to adopt more positive rules on conflict of laws. The
1263:
1235:
1167:
1142:
1025:
In U.S. federal courts, courts must consider subject matter jurisdiction
871:
700:
through the court systems as defined by the executives and legislatures.
394:
369:
337:
261:
233:
186:
145:
137:
1295:
1239:
1163:
1042:
1026:
998:
693:
673:
576:
447:
214:
210:
159:
2646:
Grable & Sons Metal Products, Inc. v. Darue Engineering & Mfg.
1717:"Jurisdiction - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary"
1210:. Traditional franchise jurisdictions of various powers were held by
1098:
237:
1289:
205:
Generally, international laws and treaties provide agreements which
31:
2776:
2694:
1251:
785:
780:
665:
564:
513:
2991:
Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc.
2895:
United States v. Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures
1007:
of a case and personal jurisdiction over the parties to the case.
1595:
1158:
1150:
656:
or habitually resident in the European Union or the Lugano area.
636:
580:
489:
This concerns the relationships both between courts in different
443:
424:
398:
247:
241:
194:
155:
2638:
JPMorgan Chase Bank v. Traffic Stream (BVI) Infrastructure Ltd.
1219:
1154:
517:
296:(ICC), the relationship is expressly based on the principle of
272:
206:
2241:
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community
643:, which makes major changes to the Brussels Convention and is
1926:
Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital v. Mercury Construction Corp.
1407:
SS Lotus (France v Turkey), 1927 PCIJ series A No.10, para 19
1215:
151:
132:
2598:
Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co.
2590:
Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle
2217:
Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc.
1918:
Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States
1830:
1138:
993:
The primary distinctions between areas of jurisdiction are
3130:
County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State
2034:
Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co.
475:
in areas beyond those specifically conferred on Congress (
1768:
1137:
As a practical example of court jurisdiction, as of 2013
302:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
1567:"Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act Summary"
1596:
Adam Leitman Bailey, Dov Treimann (February 19, 2019).
1084:
726:
Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act
3023:
Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn
1902:
England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners
1250:
that dealt with disputes involving the tin miners of
1172:
United States District Court for the District of Utah
150:'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the
2574:
Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida
2265:
City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York
1886:
Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux
1285:
421:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
2903:
Schlesinger v. Reservists Committee to Stop the War
1032:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2502:Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley
2518:American Well Works Co. v. Layne & Bowler Co.
2079:Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Industries Corp.
1663:. Legal Information Institute. December 1, 2023.
397:to honor their international commitments. Hence,
193:to allocate resources to best serve the needs of
3318:
3015:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
2071:District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman
344:Within other international contexts, there are
2281:Permanent Mission of India v. City of New York
282:
2614:Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Schor
2422:American Insurance Co. v. 356 Bales of Cotton
1816:
1691:. Utah State Courts. May 2011. Archived from
1374:An introduction to transnational criminal law
1371:
1314:Immunity from prosecution (international law)
968:
2622:Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson
2249:United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe
1894:United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Ideal Cement Co.
1089:It is also necessary to distinguish between
997:at the federal level. In the United States'
527:
664:Many nations are subdivided into states or
588:
494:
254:
245:
143:
135:
2526:Smith v. Kansas City Title & Trust Co.
2313:Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital, Ltd.
1823:
1809:
1327:– a different use of the word jurisdiction
1321:– a different use of the word jurisdiction
1132:
1049:) are all courts of limited jurisdiction.
975:
961:
720:grants only limited or enumerated powers.
200:
1197:
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
3095:FDA v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine
3007:Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
624:(1988) binds the European Union and the
427:relying on international law principles.
292:jurisdiction but, as in the case of the
252:, it is an acknowledgment by the other
3319:
1608:from the original on December 16, 2019
1185:
169:Jurisdiction draws its substance from
3231:
3182:
2680:
2375:
2273:Dolan v. United States Postal Service
2042:Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States
1846:
1804:
1234:. Types of franchise courts included
947:Adequate and independent state ground
631:In effect from 1 March 2002, all the
3039:Clapper v. Amnesty International USA
2534:Hartsville Oil Mill v. United States
1403:
1401:
989:Federal jurisdiction (United States)
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
3252:Osborn v. Bank of the United States
2794:Toilet Goods Ass'n, Inc. v. Gardner
2161:Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino
1957:Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy
1085:Original and appellate jurisdiction
311:is fundamental to the operation of
154:granted to a legal entity to enact
13:
2927:Pfizer Inc. v. Government of India
2681:
2329:Jam v. International Finance Corp.
1870:Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co.
1791:on the Guantánamo Bay jurisdiction
1730:"Metro's $ 11 Billion To-Do List,"
465:Supreme Court of the United States
450:. The constitutional principle of
224:
14:
3348:
2113:The Schooner Exchange v. M'Faddon
1762:
1398:
1319:Labor unions in the United States
1069:Certain courts, particularly the
852:Class Action Fairness Act of 2005
2376:
2289:Ali v. Federal Bureau of Prisons
1723:from the original on 2009-04-24.
1661:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1288:
1033:General and limited jurisdiction
739:
731:
650:enforcement of foreign judgments
598:
484:
30:
2630:Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc.
2321:OBB Personenverkehr AG v. Sachs
1709:
1678:
1667:from the original on 2023-10-20
1649:
1638:from the original on 2016-06-16
1634:. Legal Information Institute.
1620:
1589:
1559:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
641:Council Regulation (EC) 44/2001
626:European Free Trade Association
346:intergovernmental organizations
41:needs additional citations for
2967:Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
2919:Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois
2257:Republic of Austria v. Altmann
2169:Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez
1847:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1410:
1365:
1107:United States court of appeals
467:, the treaty power authorizes
321:International Court of Justice
1:
2999:DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno
2728:Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Laufer
2337:Republic of Sudan v. Harrison
2026:Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
1358:
1063:United States district courts
1055:federal question jurisdiction
1039:court of general jurisdiction
1020:court of limited jurisdiction
1016:court of special jurisdiction
696:—such subunits will exercise
549:Passive Personality Principle
524:continue to shop for forums.
260:nations that the country has
2943:City of Los Angeles v. Lyons
2137:Schillinger v. United States
2063:Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co.
1272:British South Africa Company
1103:United States federal courts
633:European Union member states
294:International Criminal Court
7:
3183:
2712:Campbell-Ewald Co. v. Gomez
2153:United States v. Wunderlich
1281:
1071:United States Supreme Court
659:
473:Necessary and Proper Clause
283:International and municipal
21:Ecclesiastical jurisdiction
10:
3353:
3268:Mistretta v. United States
3232:
2494:Burton v. United States II
2470:City of St. Louis v. Myers
2345:Opati v. Republic of Sudan
1949:Murdock v. City of Memphis
1268:British East India Company
1079:discretionary jurisdiction
986:
516:with the encouragement of
504:To deal with the issue of
458:In the United States, the
18:
3238:
3227:
3191:
3178:
3113:
3079:TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez
2828:
2775:
2738:
2693:
2689:
2676:
2486:Burton v. United States I
2438:United States v. Jackalow
2414:Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
2384:
2371:
2089:
2052:
1991:
1936:
1859:
1855:
1842:
1309:Guantánamo Bay Naval Base
528:Jurisdictional principles
374:European Court of Justice
3300:Bank Markazi v. Peterson
3071:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
2720:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
2510:Muskrat v. United States
2478:Barrett v. United States
2185:United States v. Stanley
1965:Fox Film Corp. v. Muller
1940:independent state ground
1797:– franchise jurisdiction
1795:Jurisdiction As Property
1747:"Teacher pension pinch,"
1204:incorporeal hereditament
1178:, and would be heard in
796:Constitutional avoidance
573:extrajudicial executions
481:, 252 U.S. 416 (1920)).
350:World Trade Organization
325:War Crimes Law (Belgium)
264:and the right to exist.
181:, and the powers of the
3284:United States v. Hatter
3276:Peretz v. United States
3213:Cramer v. United States
2855:Massachusetts v. Mellon
2606:Thomas v. Union Carbide
2305:United States v. Bormes
2054:Rooker–Feldman doctrine
2002:United States v. Hudson
1571:Uniform Laws Commission
1133:Example of jurisdiction
591:aut dedere aut judicare
569:crimes against humanity
471:to legislate under the
452:parliamentary supremacy
354:international trade law
201:International dimension
3047:Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins
2765:Nixon v. United States
2462:United States v. Klein
2353:Trump v. United States
2201:Saudi Arabia v. Nelson
2145:Feres v. United States
2121:Mississippi v. Johnson
1878:Burford v. Sun Oil Co.
1782:Supreme Court Decision
1372:Boister, Neil (2018).
1353:Universal jurisdiction
1325:Law enforcement agency
1212:municipal corporations
1198:Franchise jurisdiction
1095:appellate jurisdiction
1059:diversity jurisdiction
589:
561:Universality principle
495:
380:
309:universal jurisdiction
255:
246:
144:
136:
3205:United States v. Burr
3154:Rucho v. Common Cause
3055:Texas v. Pennsylvania
3031:Bond v. United States
2887:Sierra Club v. Morton
2582:Arizona v. New Mexico
2566:Glidden Co. v. Zdanok
2542:Wisconsin v. Illinois
2446:Ex parte Vallandigham
2406:United States v. More
2096:presidential immunity
1686:"Guide to the Courts"
1182:Federal courthouses.
1091:original jurisdiction
836:Amount in controversy
749:United States federal
585:forced disappearances
543:Nationality principle
537:Territorial principle
2129:United States v. Lee
1602:New York Law Journal
1336:Private jurisdiction
1331:Lawsuits against God
1176:Salt Lake City, Utah
1075:state supreme courts
1051:Federal jurisdiction
676:—as can be found in
555:Protective principle
497:forum non conveniens
313:global organizations
187:legislative branches
50:improve this article
2871:Altvater v. Freeman
2847:Fairchild v. Hughes
2757:Goldwater v. Carter
2704:DeFunis v. Odegaard
2390:Chisholm v. Georgia
2177:Nixon v. Fitzgerald
1742:The Washington Post
1304:Jurisdiction (area)
1186:Territorial meaning
1174:, headquartered in
923:Anti-Injunction Act
791:Political questions
670:subnational "state"
614:Brussels Convention
478:Missouri v. Holland
3260:Forrester v. White
3146:Vieth v. Jubelirer
3103:Murthy v. Missouri
2959:Diamond v. Charles
2839:Bailiff v. Tipping
2740:Political question
2558:Colegrove v. Green
2398:Marbury v. Madison
2297:Samantar v. Yousuf
2091:Sovereign immunity
1993:Federal common law
1832:U.S. Supreme Court
1787:2012-04-24 at the
1774:2005-11-05 at the
1735:2017-10-13 at the
1577:on 10 October 2017
1428:on 3 December 2005
1276:Courts Act of 1971
1127:federal government
1112:writ of certiorari
1047:federal government
928:Sovereign immunity
645:directly effective
341:-based diplomacy.
179:constitutional law
3332:International law
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3292:Stern v. Marshall
3223:
3222:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3160:Benisek v. Lamone
3138:Davis v. Bandemer
3087:Biden v. Nebraska
3063:Trump v. New York
2818:Trump v. New York
2672:
2671:
2654:Bowles v. Russell
2550:Crowell v. Benson
2454:Ex parte McCardle
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2105:Little v. Barreme
1973:Harrison v. NAACP
1910:Younger v. Harris
1752:The Baltimore Sun
1260:American colonies
1232:counties palatine
1145:crimes, and most
985:
984:
894:
893:
771:Advisory opinions
622:Lugano Convention
244:is recognized as
171:international law
126:
125:
118:
100:
3344:
3337:Conflict of laws
3229:
3228:
3197:Ex parte Bollman
3180:
3179:
2691:
2690:
2678:
2677:
2662:Patchak v. Zinke
2373:
2372:
2209:Clinton v. Jones
1981:Michigan v. Long
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1292:
1216:religious houses
1157:criminal cases,
1053:is divided into
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853:
826:Federal question
813:
812:
743:
736:
735:
716:. Otherwise, an
594:
510:Hague Conference
500:
460:Supremacy Clause
258:
251:
175:conflict of laws
166:, and federal).
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3306:
3244:Stuart v. Laird
3234:
3219:
3187:
3166:
3109:
2951:Allen v. Wright
2911:Warth v. Seldin
2863:Ex parte Levitt
2824:
2771:
2734:
2685:
2668:
2430:Sheldon v. Sill
2380:
2359:
2094:
2085:
2048:
1987:
1939:
1932:
1851:
1838:
1829:
1789:Wayback Machine
1776:Wayback Machine
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1737:Wayback Machine
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1376:. p. 247.
1370:
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1254:. The original
1248:stannary courts
1244:merchant courts
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3122:Hayburn's Case
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2975:Raines v. Byrd
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2963:
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2879:Flast v. Cohen
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1778:at Cornell.edu
1769:"Jurisdiction"
1764:
1763:External links
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1726:See also, e.g.
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1359:References
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