49:
340:
79:
1062:
858:
63:
1042:. During cohabitation, according to the Constitutional Council, "the center of gravity of power shifts from the Elysée to Matignon", with the president losing his status as head of the executive. In such cases, the prime minister traditionally exercises primacy in domestic affairs, while the president limits their action to defense and, to a lesser degree, to foreign affairs.
959:), over which the prime minister is entitled to preside. Ministers defend the programmes of their ministries to the prime minister, who makes budgetary choices. The extent to which those decisions lie with the prime minister or president often depends upon whether they are of the same political party. If so, the president may serve as both the head of state and
1038:
formulating directions on national defense and foreign policy while arbitrating the efficient service of all governmental authorities in France. Other members of the government are appointed by the president "on the recommendation of the prime minister". In practice, the prime minister acts in harmony with the president, except when there is a
1103:. As a result, cabinets were often toppled twice a year, and there were long stretches where France was left with only a caretaker government. Under the circumstances, the president of the council was usually a fairly weak figure whose strength was more dependent on charisma than formal powers. Often, he was little more than
1028:
Although the president's choice of prime minister must be in accordance with the majority in the
National Assembly, a prime minister does not have to ask for a vote of confidence after a government formation, having been legitimized by the president's assignment and approval of the government. Prior
1045:
The prime minister can "engage the responsibility" of the government before the
National Assembly. This process consists of placing a bill before the assembly, and either the assembly overthrows the government, or the bill is passed automatically (article 49). In addition to ensuring that the
1037:
According to article 21 of the
Constitution, the prime minister "shall direct the actions of the Government". Additionally, Article 20 stipulates that the government "shall determine and conduct the policy of the Nation", and it includes domestic issues, while the president concentrates on
951:. Upon appointment, the prime minister proposes a list of ministers to the president. Decrees and decisions signed by the prime minister, like almost all executive decisions, are subject to the oversight of the administrative court system. Some decrees are taken after advice from the
1020:
While prime ministers are usually chosen from amongst the ranks of the
National Assembly, on rare occasions the president has selected a non-officeholder because of experience in bureaucracy or foreign service, or success in business management—former Minister of Foreign Affairs
1126:
includes several provisions intended to strengthen the prime minister's position, for instance by restricting the legislature's power to censure the government. As a result, a prime minister has only been censured once during the existence of the Fifth
Republic, in 1962 when
1053:(article 61). Before dissolving the assembly, the president must consult the prime minister and the presidents of both houses of Parliament (article 12). The prime minister is the only member of the government able to introduce legislation in Parliament.
1993:
1663:
1099:. In practice, this proved insufficient to command the confidence of France's multi-party parliament. Most notably, the legislature had the power to force the entire cabinet out of office by a
1409:
3316:
1808:
163:
1336:
Le chef de l'État, élu au suffrage universel direct, perd sa fonction de direction de l'exécutif au profit du
Premier ministre, responsable devant l'Assemblée nationale.
2169:
2154:
1046:
government still has support in the house, some bills that might prove too controversial to pass through the normal assembly rules are able to be passed this way.
3791:
2124:
3956:
3371:
1402:
475:
367:
3781:
3586:
1187:
1395:
807:
4027:
1309:
3356:
2849:
1256:
1903:
1868:
895:
3366:
2117:
2338:
655:
491:
3201:
2232:
2149:
267:
3726:
3906:
3771:
2179:
4093:
3926:
2110:
1778:
1283:
868:
3896:
3621:
3246:
1913:
1238:
3931:
3401:
2227:
2023:
1828:
1478:
1096:
3446:
3431:
2310:
2290:
761:
544:
4088:
3731:
3606:
3376:
1077:
1013:
was the largest party in the
National Assembly, it did not have an absolute majority. The RPR had an alliance with the
559:
4037:
3831:
3711:
3696:
3491:
3396:
2237:
2202:
2133:
2049:
1943:
1938:
1153:
844:
636:
502:
420:
256:
20:
1136:
1006:
888:
738:
626:
596:
2656:
646:
3841:
3496:
3167:
2054:
1498:
1050:
743:
522:
100:
4057:
4047:
4022:
3816:
3796:
3326:
2348:
2159:
2070:
1693:
816:
153:
1349:
3987:
3901:
3776:
3701:
3571:
3271:
3231:
3194:
2141:
2008:
1678:
990:, the choice of prime minister must reflect the will of the majority in the National Assembly. In periods of
796:
786:
753:
470:
952:
527:
158:
4042:
3936:
3876:
3676:
3666:
3646:
3626:
3561:
3421:
3351:
3281:
3266:
1933:
1893:
1793:
1719:
1613:
1217:
1029:
to the 1958 Constitution, the government was required to pass a motion of confidence upon entering office.
395:
3391:
4002:
3861:
3851:
3811:
3651:
3616:
3481:
3306:
3261:
2222:
1908:
1608:
1114:
After several unsuccessful attempts to strengthen the role in the first half of the twentieth century, a
881:
801:
781:
774:
532:
321:
53:
2977:
2174:
1122:. It was at this point that the post was formally named "Prime Minister" and took its present form. The
430:
405:
4067:
3886:
3881:
3826:
3821:
3746:
3721:
3661:
3631:
3441:
3416:
3411:
3341:
3336:
3321:
3286:
3226:
2406:
2381:
2039:
1988:
1983:
1958:
1928:
1813:
1724:
1115:
1014:
983:
948:
693:
466:
1327:
591:
4032:
3946:
3941:
3921:
3836:
3801:
3756:
3686:
3681:
3671:
3656:
3601:
3546:
3516:
3511:
3486:
3471:
3456:
3436:
3406:
3381:
3331:
3296:
3291:
3276:
3251:
3241:
3236:
3025:
2411:
2018:
1963:
1923:
1878:
1873:
1853:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1818:
1803:
1798:
1783:
1773:
1740:
1573:
1039:
991:
791:
2829:
2756:
2300:
4062:
4052:
4017:
3992:
3982:
3972:
3916:
3911:
3866:
3806:
3766:
3761:
3741:
3716:
3596:
3581:
3576:
3556:
3536:
3501:
3476:
3346:
3311:
3301:
3187:
3161:
2421:
2386:
2044:
2003:
1978:
1968:
1953:
1948:
1898:
1863:
1148:
1010:
537:
2212:
943:. The president, who appoints but cannot dismiss the prime minister, can request resignation. The
4012:
3997:
3977:
3951:
3891:
3871:
3856:
3846:
3786:
3751:
3691:
3641:
3611:
3551:
3541:
3521:
3506:
3466:
3426:
3256:
2546:
1998:
1918:
1888:
1603:
1563:
1463:
987:
748:
353:
115:
2962:
1139:, de Gaulle's coalition won an increased majority, and Pompidou was reappointed prime minister.
586:
4007:
3736:
3706:
3636:
3591:
3566:
3526:
3451:
3386:
3361:
2884:
2282:
1583:
1578:
1123:
839:
245:
1025:, for example, served as prime minister from 2005 to 2007 without having held elected office.
998:
3100:
3075:
3030:
3002:
2368:
1858:
1788:
1709:
1658:
1653:
1628:
1483:
1448:
1119:
1073:
1022:
733:
712:
360:
2272:
2247:
3095:
2491:
2466:
2441:
2426:
2416:
2396:
2376:
2325:
1688:
1633:
1593:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1528:
1523:
1513:
1508:
1488:
1468:
1458:
1453:
1443:
944:
933:
440:
382:
105:
48:
2164:
1387:
8:
2726:
2636:
2511:
2013:
1823:
1714:
1683:
1648:
1638:
1623:
1568:
1533:
1518:
1503:
1493:
1473:
979:
940:
726:
601:
577:
515:
390:
225:
206:
179:
3125:
3080:
2791:
2746:
2731:
2681:
2651:
2586:
2451:
479:
2631:
2566:
2358:
2262:
2252:
2217:
1754:
1673:
1618:
1598:
1588:
1558:
1106:
1049:
The prime minister may also submit a bill that has not been yet signed into law to the
925:
834:
631:
330:
194:
140:
3135:
3105:
2834:
2819:
2801:
2721:
2676:
2661:
2267:
3120:
3110:
3010:
2992:
2859:
2781:
2741:
2696:
2561:
2184:
1668:
1132:
567:
459:
184:
2982:
2706:
2526:
2333:
2295:
1287:
1065:
495:
199:
3020:
2761:
2751:
2601:
2207:
1128:
1095:
The president of the council was vested with similar formal powers to those of the
939:
The prime minister is the holder of the second-highest office in France, after the
702:
641:
446:
3070:
2716:
2701:
2691:
2666:
2626:
2436:
982:, who is theoretically free to pick anyone for the post. In practice, because the
621:
2987:
2917:
2869:
2686:
2671:
2646:
2641:
2621:
2616:
2606:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2556:
2521:
2501:
2481:
2476:
2446:
1973:
1643:
1173:
1100:
1081:
616:
486:
401:
3015:
2611:
2551:
2531:
2496:
2315:
2102:
3210:
3145:
3060:
3055:
3040:
3035:
2932:
2922:
2912:
2907:
2897:
2771:
2736:
2257:
2242:
1002:
967:
232:
86:
67:
3085:
2937:
2927:
2902:
2864:
2471:
1080:
titled the head of government as the "President of the
Council of Ministers" (
339:
78:
4082:
3140:
3090:
3065:
3050:
3045:
2957:
2947:
2892:
2596:
2541:
2536:
2516:
2506:
2486:
2461:
2305:
2194:
1424:
862:
664:
426:
2952:
1088:), though he was informally called "prime minister" or "premier" outside of
3115:
2839:
2824:
2811:
2796:
2766:
2711:
2576:
2391:
2874:
2786:
2776:
3130:
2967:
2942:
2456:
2431:
2401:
1257:"Rôle du président de la République, cohabitations : un historique"
2972:
2087:
1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
986:
has the power to force the resignation of the government by adopting a
674:
669:
126:
684:
3531:
1883:
611:
1061:
963:
head of government, while the prime minister serves as his deputy.
3179:
1135:'s effort to have the president popularly elected. At the ensuing
679:
606:
62:
1380:
1310:"Comment la Constitution organise-t-elle la cohabitation ?"
1239:"La motion de censure : véritable moyen de contrôle ?"
1089:
929:
215:
304:
211:
994:, the prime minister is only responsible to the parliament.
1538:
1417:
1188:"Live blog: Macron names Michel Barnier new prime minister"
947:, including the prime minister, can be dismissed by the
1111:, and was more the cabinet's chairman than its leader.
2090:
2. Recognised by at least one United
Nations member.
1131:
was toppled over opposition objections to
President
368:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2132:
4080:
2093:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.
1284:"French National Assembly – Assemblée nationale"
257:Several titles were used since the Ancien RĂ©gime
1233:
1231:
997:One example of cohabitation includes President
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1068:, the official residence of the prime minister
3195:
2118:
1403:
889:
1228:
1166:
38:
1267:
1205:
1104:
922:Premier ministre de la République française
101:Council of Ministers of the French Republic
40:Premier ministre de la République française
3202:
3188:
2125:
2111:
1410:
1396:
896:
882:
970:, who was appointed on 5 September 2024.
1218:"Qui désigne le Premier ministre ?"
1060:
1418:Heads of state and government of Europe
978:The prime minister is appointed by the
4081:
1347:
808:Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs
268:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
3183:
2106:
1391:
918:prime minister of the French Republic
164:National Defence and Security Council
1097:prime minister of the United Kingdom
3209:
13:
1086:Président du Conseil des Ministres
1078:French Constitutional Laws of 1875
14:
4105:
1994:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1664:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1372:
1154:List of prime ministers of France
503:Congress of the French Parliament
21:List of prime ministers of France
3782:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1137:1962 French legislative election
856:
545:Cour de Justice de la RĂ©publique
338:
77:
61:
47:
1341:
1320:
1302:
1249:
1180:
1017:, which gave them a majority.
966:The current prime minister is
817:Politics of the European Union
1:
4094:1958 establishments in France
2134:Heads of government of France
1159:
973:
797:France and the United Nations
123:Mr. Prime Minister (informal)
54:Emblem of the French Republic
1316:(in French). 1 October 2021.
1007:legislative election of 1986
1005:as prime minister after the
16:Head of government of France
7:
3372:Congo (Democratic Republic)
1142:
91:since 5 September 2024
10:
4110:
1334:(in French). 7 July 2018.
1314:conseil-constitutionnel.fr
1263:(in French). 19 June 2019.
1224:(in French). 11 July 2024.
1056:
1015:Union for French Democracy
647:Provence-Alpes-CĂ´te d'Azur
18:
4089:Prime ministers of France
3965:
3217:
3154:
3001:
2883:
2848:
2810:
2367:
2347:
2324:
2281:
2193:
2140:
2083:
2063:
2032:
1764:
1753:
1733:
1702:
1434:
1423:
1352:Le travail gouvernemental
1348:Daguet, François (1987).
1245:(in French). 5 July 2024.
1118:was introduced under the
914:Premier ministre français
299:
291:
273:
263:
251:
241:
231:
221:
205:
193:
172:
146:
136:
114:
96:
74:
60:
46:
37:
30:
3907:Turks and Caicos Islands
3357:Central African Republic
3162:Chief minister of France
1116:semi-presidential system
910:prime minister of France
560:Administrative divisions
320:This article is part of
1869:Holy See (Vatican City)
1539:Holy See (Vatican City)
1149:First Minister of State
1032:
988:motion of no confidence
592:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
279:; 209 years ago
242:Constituting instrument
3317:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1809:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1479:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1105:
1085:
1069:
1051:Constitutional Council
956:
932:and the leader of its
913:
523:Constitutional Council
246:Constitution of France
39:
3792:São Tomé and Principe
3772:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3168:Deputy Prime Minister
1064:
1023:Dominique de Villepin
1009:. While Mitterrand's
31:Prime Minister of the
3927:United Arab Emirates
2033:Partially recognised
1703:Partially recognised
945:Government of France
934:Council of Ministers
587:Auvergne-RhĂ´ne-Alpes
578:Metropolitan regions
154:Council of Ministers
106:Government of France
3897:Trinidad and Tobago
3247:Antigua and Barbuda
2064:Unrecognised states
1734:Unrecognised states
1381:www.gouvernement.fr
1358:Politique étrangère
1350:"Jacques Fournier.
1328:"Les cohabitations"
999:François Mitterrand
980:president of France
941:president of France
602:Centre-Val de Loire
1969:Russian Federation
1639:Russian Federation
1174:"IG.com Pay Check"
1107:primus inter pares
1070:
1001:'s appointment of
926:head of government
916:), officially the
845:Political scandals
632:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
533:Court of Cassation
331:Politics of France
141:Head of government
4076:
4075:
3432:Equatorial Guinea
3177:
3176:
3026:Couve de Murville
2100:
2099:
2079:
2078:
1765:UN members
1749:
1748:
1435:UN members
1133:Charles de Gaulle
1124:1958 Constitution
984:National Assembly
949:National Assembly
906:
905:
863:France portal
802:Foreign alliances
775:Foreign relations
762:Political parties
467:National Assembly
315:
314:
295:€178,920 annually
4101:
4028:Nagorno-Karabakh
3732:Papua New Guinea
3367:Congo (Republic)
3204:
3197:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3164:(pre-Revolution)
2978:Bourgès-Maunoury
2547:Waldeck-Rousseau
2351:National Defense
2339:Cousin-Montauban
2291:Dupont de l'Eure
2127:
2120:
2113:
2104:
2103:
1762:
1761:
1432:
1431:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1366:
1365:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1290:on 13 March 2013
1286:. Archived from
1280:
1265:
1264:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1214:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1129:Georges Pompidou
1110:
953:Council of State
898:
891:
884:
861:
860:
859:
703:French Polynesia
694:Overseas country
656:Overseas regions
642:Pays de la Loire
528:Council of State
480:Yaël Braun-Pivet
342:
317:
316:
311:
308:
306:
287:
285:
280:
277:9 July 1815
264:Inaugural holder
159:Council of State
81:
65:
51:
42:
28:
27:
19:For a list, see
4109:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4072:
3961:
3832:Solomon Islands
3712:North Macedonia
3397:Northern Cyprus
3219:
3218:Prime ministers
3213:
3211:Prime ministers
3208:
3178:
3173:
3150:
2997:
2885:Fourth Republic
2879:
2851:
2844:
2806:
2657:François-Marsal
2363:
2350:
2343:
2320:
2283:Second Republic
2277:
2189:
2136:
2131:
2101:
2096:
2075:
2059:
2050:Northern Cyprus
2028:
1944:North Macedonia
1766:
1756:
1745:
1729:
1720:Northern Cyprus
1698:
1614:North Macedonia
1436:
1426:
1419:
1416:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1364:(4): 1000–1001.
1346:
1342:
1332:vie-publique.fr
1326:
1325:
1321:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1268:
1261:vie-publique.fr
1255:
1254:
1250:
1243:vie-publique.fr
1237:
1236:
1229:
1222:vie-publique.fr
1216:
1215:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1145:
1101:vote of censure
1059:
1035:
1011:Socialist Party
976:
930:French Republic
902:
873:
869:Other countries
857:
855:
850:
849:
830:
822:
821:
813:
810:
777:
767:
766:
758:
729:
719:
718:
708:
707:
689:
651:
617:Hauts-de-France
573:
562:
552:
551:
548:
518:
508:
507:
462:
452:
451:
436:
411:
402:Emmanuel Macron
385:
375:
374:
371:
356:
333:
303:
283:
281:
278:
189:
168:
132:
110:
92:
90:
89:
85:
82:
70:
56:
33:French Republic
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4107:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3957:Western Sahara
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3932:United Kingdom
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
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1066:HĂ´tel Matignon
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1360:(in French).
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665:French Guiana
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427:Gabriel Attal
425:
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384:
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354:Constitutions
350:
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345:
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337:
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328:
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307:.gouvernement
302:
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36:
29:
26:
22:
4058:Turkmenistan
4048:South Africa
3817:Sint Maarten
3797:Saudi Arabia
3461:
3377:Cook Islands
3327:Burkina Faso
2812:Vichy France
2727:Paul-Boncour
2071:Transnistria
1848:
1741:Transnistria
1361:
1357:
1351:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1288:the original
1260:
1251:
1242:
1221:
1195:. Retrieved
1191:
1182:
1168:
1113:
1094:
1071:
1048:
1044:
1040:cohabitation
1036:
1027:
1019:
996:
992:cohabitation
977:
965:
960:
938:
921:
917:
909:
907:
840:Human rights
739:Presidential
711:
692:
654:
576:
566:
543:
439:
415:
414:
389:
366:
255:
129:(diplomatic)
25:
4038:Philippines
3777:Saint Lucia
3702:New Zealand
3697:Netherlands
3572:South Korea
3567:North Korea
3232:Afghanistan
2850:Provisional
2142:Restoration
2009:Switzerland
1939:Netherlands
1679:Switzerland
1609:Netherlands
1197:5 September
744:Legislative
734:Referendums
713:Departments
460:Legislature
233:Term length
4083:Categories
4043:Seychelles
3937:Uzbekistan
3877:Tajikistan
3677:Mozambique
3667:Montenegro
3647:Mauritania
3627:Madagascar
3622:Luxembourg
3587:Kyrgyzstan
3562:Kazakhstan
3422:East Timor
3352:Cape Verde
3282:Bangladesh
3267:Azerbaijan
3220:by country
2852:Government
2632:Clemenceau
2567:Clemenceau
2422:Waddington
2412:Rochebouët
2150:Talleyrand
1974:San Marino
1934:Montenegro
1914:Luxembourg
1894:Kazakhstan
1794:Azerbaijan
1757:government
1644:San Marino
1604:Montenegro
1584:Luxembourg
1564:Kazakhstan
1464:Azerbaijan
1160:References
1072:Under the
974:Nomination
924:), is the
675:Martinique
670:Guadeloupe
471:Membership
441:Government
284:1815-07-09
185:Parliament
173:Reports to
4003:Indonesia
3862:Swaziland
3852:Sri Lanka
3812:Singapore
3727:Palestine
3652:Mauritius
3617:Lithuania
3482:Greenland
3262:Australia
3170:(defunct)
3121:Cazeneuve
3076:Bérégovoy
3011:De Gaulle
2993:De Gaulle
2860:De Gaulle
2782:Chautemps
2752:Doumergue
2742:Chautemps
2697:Chautemps
2637:Millerand
2602:Doumergue
2527:Bourgeois
2492:Freycinet
2467:Freycinet
2452:Fallières
2442:Freycinet
2427:Freycinet
2301:Cavaignac
2180:Martignac
2170:Richelieu
2160:Dessolles
2155:Richelieu
1909:Lithuania
1579:Lithuania
1192:France 24
955:(French:
912:(French:
754:Municipal
727:Elections
637:Occitania
612:Grand Est
516:Judiciary
492:President
476:President
391:President
383:Executive
274:Formation
252:Precursor
237:Not fixed
226:President
222:Appointer
195:Residence
180:President
147:Member of
84:Incumbent
4068:Zimbabwe
4023:Maldives
3887:Thailand
3882:Tanzania
3827:Slovenia
3822:Slovakia
3747:Portugal
3722:Pakistan
3662:Mongolia
3632:Malaysia
3442:Ethiopia
3417:Dominica
3412:Djibouti
3342:Cameroon
3337:Cambodia
3322:Bulgaria
3287:Barbados
3227:Abkhazia
3126:Philippe
3101:Villepin
3096:Raffarin
3081:Balladur
3021:Pompidou
2988:Pflimlin
2983:Gaillard
2933:Queuille
2923:Queuille
2913:Queuille
2893:Ramadier
2792:Daladier
2762:Bouisson
2747:Daladier
2732:Daladier
2682:Poincaré
2667:Painlevé
2652:Poincaré
2627:Painlevé
2587:Poincaré
2582:Caillaux
2437:Gambetta
2334:Ollivier
2311:Hautpoul
2208:Laffitte
2185:Polignac
2040:Abkhazia
1989:Slovenia
1984:Slovakia
1959:Portugal
1814:Bulgaria
1755:Heads of
1710:Abkhazia
1659:Slovenia
1654:Slovakia
1629:Portugal
1484:Bulgaria
1427:of state
1143:See also
961:de facto
835:Centrism
787:Americas
627:Normandy
597:Brittany
322:a series
4033:Nigeria
3988:Comoros
3947:Vietnam
3942:Vanuatu
3922:Ukraine
3902:Tunisia
3837:Somalia
3802:Senegal
3757:Romania
3687:Namibia
3682:Myanmar
3672:Morocco
3657:Moldova
3607:Lesotho
3602:Lebanon
3547:Jamaica
3532:Ireland
3517:Iceland
3512:Hungary
3487:Grenada
3472:Georgia
3457:Finland
3437:Estonia
3407:Denmark
3392:Curaçao
3382:Croatia
3332:Burundi
3307:Bermuda
3297:Belgium
3292:Belarus
3277:Bahrain
3272:Bahamas
3252:Armenia
3242:Algeria
3237:Albania
3155:Related
3146:Barnier
3111:Ayrault
3071:Cresson
3036:Messmer
2918:Bidault
2908:Schuman
2898:Schuman
2870:Bidault
2830:Flandin
2797:Reynaud
2772:Sarraut
2757:Flandin
2737:Sarraut
2722:Herriot
2717:Tardieu
2702:Tardieu
2692:Tardieu
2677:Herriot
2662:Herriot
2642:Leygues
2612:Viviani
2597:Barthou
2562:Sarrien
2557:Rouvier
2537:Brisson
2482:Floquet
2477:Rouvier
2462:Brisson
2447:Duclerc
2417:Dufaure
2397:Dufaure
2377:Dufaure
2316:Faucher
2233:Mortier
2175:Villèle
2165:Decazes
2019:Ukraine
1964:Romania
1924:Moldova
1884:Ireland
1879:Iceland
1874:Hungary
1859:Germany
1854:Georgia
1844:Finland
1839:Estonia
1834:Denmark
1819:Croatia
1804:Belgium
1799:Belarus
1789:Austria
1784:Armenia
1779:Andorra
1774:Albania
1689:Ukraine
1634:Romania
1594:Moldova
1554:Ireland
1549:Iceland
1544:Hungary
1529:Germany
1524:Georgia
1514:Finland
1509:Estonia
1504:Denmark
1489:Croatia
1474:Belgium
1469:Belarus
1459:Austria
1454:Armenia
1449:Andorra
1444:Albania
1057:History
928:of the
685:RĂ©union
680:Mayotte
607:Corsica
568:Regions
300:Website
282: (
4063:Zambia
4053:Turkey
4018:Malawi
3993:Gambia
3983:Brazil
3973:Angola
3917:Uganda
3912:Tuvalu
3867:Sweden
3807:Serbia
3767:Rwanda
3762:Russia
3742:Poland
3717:Norway
3597:Latvia
3582:Kuwait
3577:Kosovo
3557:Jordan
3537:Israel
3502:Guyana
3492:Guinea
3477:Greece
3462:France
3347:Canada
3312:Bhutan
3302:Belize
3131:Castex
3106:Fillon
3091:Jospin
3066:Rocard
3061:Chirac
3056:Fabius
3051:Mauroy
3041:Chirac
2973:Mollet
2958:Laniel
2938:Pleven
2928:Pleven
2835:Darlan
2820:PĂ©tain
2802:PĂ©tain
2687:Briand
2672:Briand
2647:Briand
2617:Briand
2592:Briand
2572:Briand
2552:Combes
2532:MĂ©line
2497:Loubet
2487:Tirard
2472:Goblet
2392:Buffet
2387:Cissey
2359:Trochu
2306:Barrot
2268:Guizot
2258:Thiers
2243:Thiers
2223:GĂ©rard
2213:Perier
2045:Kosovo
2014:Turkey
2004:Sweden
1979:Serbia
1954:Poland
1949:Norway
1929:Monaco
1899:Latvia
1864:Greece
1849:France
1824:Cyprus
1715:Kosovo
1684:Turkey
1674:Sweden
1649:Serbia
1624:Poland
1619:Norway
1599:Monaco
1569:Latvia
1534:Greece
1519:France
1494:Cyprus
1294:17 May
1090:France
1082:French
1076:, the
782:Africa
749:Senate
487:Senate
292:Salary
216:France
137:Status
4013:Kenya
3998:Ghana
3978:Benin
3952:Yemen
3892:Tonga
3872:Syria
3857:Sudan
3847:Spain
3787:Samoa
3752:Qatar
3692:Nepal
3642:Malta
3612:Libya
3552:Japan
3542:Italy
3522:India
3507:Haiti
3467:Gabon
3427:Egypt
3257:Aruba
3141:Attal
3136:Borne
3116:Valls
3086:Juppé
3046:Barre
3016:Debré
2968:Faure
2953:Mayer
2948:Pinay
2943:Faure
2903:Marie
2865:Gouin
2840:Laval
2825:Laval
2767:Laval
2712:Laval
2707:Steeg
2622:Ribot
2607:Ribot
2577:Monis
2542:Dupuy
2522:Ribot
2517:Dupuy
2507:Dupuy
2502:Ribot
2457:Ferry
2432:Ferry
2402:Simon
2296:Arago
2263:Soult
2253:Soult
2228:Maret
2218:Soult
1999:Spain
1919:Malta
1889:Italy
1669:Spain
1589:Malta
1559:Italy
1425:Heads
1176:. IG.
447:Attal
212:Paris
116:Style
4008:Iran
3737:Peru
3707:Niue
3637:Mali
3592:Laos
3527:Iraq
3452:Fiji
3387:Cuba
3362:Chad
2875:Blum
2787:Blum
2777:Blum
2273:Molé
2248:Molé
1296:2012
1199:2024
1033:Role
908:The
792:Asia
431:LREM
421:list
406:LREM
396:list
207:Seat
309:.fr
305:www
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1220:.
1207:^
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394:(
286:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
