1901:. Both assemblies have committees that write reports on a variety of topics. If necessary, they can establish parliamentary commissions of inquiry with broad investigative power. However, this is almost never exercised because the majority can reject a proposition by the opposition to create an investigatory commission. Also, such a commission may only be created if it does not interfere with a judicial investigation, meaning that in order to cancel its creation, one just needs to press charges on the topic concerned by the investigatory commission. Since 2008, the opposition may impose the creation of an investigative commission once a year, even against the wishes of the majority. However, they still cannot lead investigations if there is a judicial case in process already (or that starts after the commission is formed).
562:
63:
2777:
604:
660:
584:
305:
201:
1178:
1893:
The government (or, when it sits in session every
Wednesday, the cabinet) exerts considerable influence on the agenda of Parliament. The government can link its term to a legislative text which it proposes, and unless a motion of censure is introduced within 24 hours of the proposal and passed within
2701:
In France, for nearly a century, article 121 of the Penal Code punished with civic degradation all police officers, all prosecutors and all judges if they had caused, issued or signed a judgment, an order or a warrant, tending to a personal process or an accusation against a member of the Senate or
1864:
and other government
Ministers are appointed by the President, who is under no constitutional or other mandatory obligation to make governmental appointments from the ranks of the majority party in parliament. This is a safeguard that was introduced by the founder of the Fifth Republic,
1821:
voting in two rounds for a term of five years, notwithstanding a dissolution of the
Assembly. Each constituency has around 100,000 residents, though some variance of size exists between rural and urban constituencies. For example, the Val-d'Oise constituency has 188,000 electors, while
1894:
48 hours of introduction – thus full procedures last at most 72 hours – the text is considered adopted without a vote. However, this procedure was limited by a 2008 constitutional amendment. Legislative initiative rests with the
National Assembly.
2985:
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2970:
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1873:
seen in the parliamentary regimes of the Third and Fourth
Republics; however, in practice the prime minister and other ministers usually do belong to the majority party. A notable exception to this custom occurred during
1331:
The word "Parliament", in the modern meaning of the term, appeared in France in the 19th century, at the time of the constitutional monarchy of 1830â1848. It is never mentioned in any constitutional text until the
1328:
in France, which were courts of justice and tribunals with certain political functions varying from province to province and as to whether the local law was written and Roman, or customary common law.
293:
1857:. As a result, the government usually consists of members from the political party that dominates the Assembly and must be supported by a majority there to prevent a vote of no-confidence.
2818:
1336:
in 1946. Before that time, reference was made to "les
Chambres" or to each assembly, whatever its name, but unlike in Great Britain, the legislature as a whole had no name as such.
1783:
1833:, who consist of deputies, regional councillors, departmental councillors and representatives of municipal councillors. The latter constitute 95% of the electoral body.
1882:-level junior ministers to his government. The rare periods during which the president is not from the same political party as the prime minister are usually known as
4138:
3818:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
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2811:
795:
266:
248:
143:
687:
4355:
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2751:
257:
4610:
4840:
4187:
1127:
4784:
2566:
1823:
2758:. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2000. An anthropological study of the French National Assembly, of its personnel, lawmakers, codes of behaviors and rites.
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1712:
53:
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2887:
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2872:
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2847:
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The
Tribunate was abolished by a decree of the Senate in 1807, with its remaining functions and members absorbed into the Corps législatif.
1215:
5097:
2285:
975:
811:
284:
121:
4741:
3263:
2688:
Source in French: Stéphane
Mandard (2007) Un rapport préconisait le remodelage des circonscriptions avant les législatives de 2007,
4124:
379:
4625:
4360:
3089:
2705:
4697:
3638:
3623:
3540:
1333:
1294:
Each house has its own regulations and rules of procedure. However, occasionally they may meet as a single house known as the
1188:
3391:
3051:
4022:
2613:
2230:
2146:
2100:
1970:
424:
154:
4987:
4777:
4692:
4615:
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3164:
3154:
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2374:
1568:
1081:
864:
5092:
4677:
4659:
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4252:
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1669:
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362:
5037:
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4405:
4290:
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1692:
1295:
1164:
956:
822:
740:
574:
5087:
5047:
4942:
4860:
4560:
4555:
4365:
3833:
3674:
3628:
3041:
1738:
1208:
1058:
946:
916:
548:
516:
2512:
2383:
966:
5212:
5202:
4728:
4375:
1340:
1063:
842:
397:
5217:
5107:
5032:
4825:
4770:
4751:
4746:
4262:
4207:
4167:
3853:
3428:
1136:
5197:
4540:
4247:
3776:
3396:
3337:
3332:
2937:
2521:
2182:
1941:
1841:
Normally, the parliament meets for a single nine-month session each year but under special circumstances the
1459:
1400:
1116:
1106:
1073:
790:
561:
442:
230:
3418:
2239:
847:
4845:
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4257:
4104:
3843:
3322:
3159:
2401:
2091:
1544:
1511:
1433:
715:
5207:
5102:
5012:
4972:
4900:
4815:
4654:
4565:
4500:
4300:
4232:
4227:
4192:
3961:
3681:
3555:
3545:
3293:
3134:
3082:
2839:
1946:
1910:
1758:
1733:
1627:
1606:
1410:
1387:
1201:
1121:
1101:
1094:
852:
641:
532:
500:
750:
725:
5187:
5007:
4835:
4530:
4345:
4315:
4182:
3872:
3793:
3560:
3470:
3449:
3149:
3139:
3129:
2827:
2128:
1926:
1818:
1488:
1423:
1279:). Each assembly conducts legislative sessions at separate locations in Paris: the Senate meets in the
1270:
1013:
786:
615:
541:
509:
475:
313:
188:
105:
911:
5052:
5002:
4997:
4957:
4810:
4520:
4420:
4400:
4295:
4242:
4052:
3808:
3723:
3696:
3613:
3408:
3253:
2530:
1883:
1539:
1111:
415:
388:
4962:
4932:
4922:
4633:
4460:
4440:
3633:
3603:
3208:
2649:
2622:
2594:
2421:
2412:
2267:
2219:
2137:
2063:
1861:
857:
735:
275:
132:
570:
4490:
4172:
3889:
3771:
3718:
3664:
3618:
3307:
2548:
2044:
1979:
1854:
1443:
1068:
673:
906:
5192:
4687:
4672:
4575:
4455:
4380:
4340:
4335:
4305:
4267:
4237:
4217:
3994:
3956:
3914:
3899:
3691:
3513:
3413:
3075:
2503:
2448:
2008:
1921:
1898:
1845:
can call an additional session. Parliamentary power was limited after the establishment of the
1309:
1159:
344:
67:
5125:
4992:
4952:
4885:
4875:
4805:
4649:
4600:
4510:
4475:
4465:
4450:
4425:
4395:
4330:
4285:
4222:
3919:
3909:
3701:
3525:
3433:
3368:
2831:
2109:
1846:
1248:
1053:
1032:
680:
2796:
1464:
5135:
5017:
4982:
4525:
4515:
4505:
4495:
4435:
4350:
4320:
4197:
3944:
3485:
3423:
3312:
3203:
2475:
2026:
1343:, all have had a legislative body of varying names, which has for most of its history been
1305:
760:
702:
239:
62:
8:
5166:
5057:
4947:
4895:
4850:
4820:
4595:
4585:
4445:
4390:
4212:
4202:
4177:
4027:
3984:
3904:
3858:
3735:
3728:
3708:
3669:
3581:
3373:
3342:
3317:
3283:
3185:
3180:
2737:
Frank R. Baumgartner, "Parliament's
Capacity to Expand Political Controversy in France",
2631:
2484:
2430:
2210:
2201:
2164:
2072:
2035:
1999:
1842:
1438:
1046:
921:
897:
835:
710:
353:
1469:
799:
150:
5140:
4917:
4470:
4415:
3939:
3884:
3838:
3686:
3652:
3236:
3056:
2776:
2439:
2340:
1936:
1879:
1154:
951:
650:
433:
324:
221:
2713:
2355:
1320:
The French
Parliament, as a legislative body, should not be confused with the various
4085:
4067:
4062:
4047:
4032:
3971:
3934:
3848:
3781:
3759:
3608:
3535:
3358:
3258:
3144:
3124:
3101:
2702:
of the legislative body, without the authorization prescribed by the Constitutions:
2466:
2322:
2294:
2173:
1931:
1887:
1866:
1850:
1280:
887:
591:
467:
335:
815:
603:
128:
5022:
4535:
3999:
3951:
3823:
3798:
3288:
2557:
1022:
961:
766:
484:
478:
461:
4762:
4116:
3461:
3300:
1325:
941:
17:
16:
This article is about the post-revolutionary and present-day institution. For the
5150:
4723:
4485:
4094:
4057:
4042:
4037:
3979:
3894:
3454:
3195:
1875:
1807:
1771:
1584:
1560:
1534:
1352:
1256:
1233:
936:
806:
721:
595:
525:
493:
458:
406:
209:
181:
100:
3440:
1814:) and the lower National Assembly, which have 349 and 577 members respectively.
5042:
4017:
4012:
4004:
3828:
3786:
3363:
2640:
2392:
2313:
2276:
1284:
611:
4667:
659:
5181:
4718:
4713:
4430:
4277:
4099:
3929:
3713:
3401:
2457:
2155:
1988:
1870:
1632:
1348:
1182:
984:
746:
2331:
1849:; however, the National Assembly can still cause a government to fall if an
4148:
3813:
3518:
3475:
3275:
3246:
1344:
583:
4570:
4151:
3480:
3383:
3228:
1288:
1266:
1252:
304:
2786:
Site of the CHPP (Comité d'histoire parlementaire et politique) and of
4910:
4410:
4159:
3989:
3218:
1244:
994:
989:
5130:
2746:
1806:
The current Parliament is composed of two chambers: the upper Senate (
1004:
4890:
4870:
4865:
3327:
2017:
1321:
1241:
931:
85:
21:
2539:
2248:
4977:
1474:
200:
5145:
5027:
4905:
4605:
3241:
3109:
999:
926:
3067:
5062:
4937:
4927:
3530:
3098:
2826:
2742:
2785:
3803:
3213:
1829:
Senators are elected by indirect universal suffrage by the
1817:
Deputies, who sit in the National Assembly, are elected by
628:
2770:
1341:
varied constitutional structures used in France since 1791
1878:'s premiership when he appointed socialist ministers and
1890:
is led by the President rather than the Prime Minister.
2741:, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Feb. 1987), pp. 33–54.
4792:
4146:
688:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1561:Additional Act to the Constitutions of the Empire
5179:
2682:
1801:
4778:
4132:
3083:
2812:
1713:Provisional Government of the French Republic
1209:
54:17th Legislature of the French Fifth Republic
4688:Yugoslavia (1931â1939, 1945â1963, 1974â1992)
3459:
3438:
3298:
1299:
1274:
1260:
41:
4785:
4771:
4139:
4125:
3090:
3076:
2819:
2805:
2775:
1836:
1216:
1202:
61:
1869:, to attempt to prevent the disarray and
2788:Parlement(s), Revue d'histoire politique
1283:, the National Assembly convenes at the
2703:
5180:
1128:Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs
4766:
4698:Ottoman Empire (1876â1878, 1908â1920)
4120:
3071:
2800:
1784:Dissolution of the French Parliament
1545:Chambre des députés des départements
1315:
13:
2731:
1670:French Constitutional Laws of 1875
144:President of the National Assembly
14:
5229:
3097:
2762:
2706:"ImmunitĂ parlamentari: Why not?"
1693:French Constitutional Law of 1940
1296:Congress of the French Parliament
823:Congress of the French Parliament
4742:National unicameral legislatures
4356:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3042:Parliamentary immunity in France
1334:Constitution of the 4th Republic
1176:
865:Cour de Justice de la RĂ©publique
658:
602:
582:
560:
303:
199:
4793:National legislatures in Europe
4729:List of legislatures by country
2695:
2663:
2602:
2583:
1853:of the legislators votes for a
1351:and more unorthodox forms with
27:Bicameral legislature of France
4655:Confederate States (1862â1865)
3429:Government of National Defense
2492:
2363:
2302:
2256:
2190:
2117:
2080:
2052:
1959:
1137:Politics of the European Union
1:
3338:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
3333:War of the Spanish Succession
2739:Legislative Studies Quarterly
2676:
1942:Member of Parliament (France)
1460:Constitution of the Year VIII
1301:CongrÚs du Parlement français
1117:France and the United Nations
68:Emblem of the French Republic
1826:near Canada has just 6,000.
1754:
1729:
1708:
1688:
1665:
1647:
1623:
1602:
1580:
1556:
1530:
1512:Constitution of the Year XII
1507:
1484:
1455:
1434:Constitution of the Year III
1429:
1406:
1383:
7:
2756:Un ethnologue à l'Assemblée
2704:Buonomo, Giampiero (2014).
1947:List of French legislatures
1915:
1911:List of French legislatures
1802:Election of representatives
1759:French Constitution of 1958
1734:French Constitution of 1946
1628:French Constitution of 1852
1607:French Constitution of 1848
1411:French Constitution of 1793
1388:French Constitution of 1791
10:
5234:
4660:Czechoslovakia (1920â1939)
3819:French subdivisions by GDP
3566:2022 presidential election
3551:2017 presidential election
1908:
1772:Parlement réuni en CongrÚs
1569:Chamber of Representatives
1489:Constitution of the Year X
1308:, to revise and amend the
967:Provence-Alpes-CĂŽte d'Azur
15:
5159:
5116:
5078:
4798:
4737:
4706:
4693:FR Yugoslavia (1992â2003)
4642:
4624:
4584:
4276:
4158:
4080:
3970:
3880:
3871:
3767:
3758:
3660:
3651:
3589:
3580:
3501:
3382:
3351:
3323:Second Hundred Years' War
3274:
3227:
3194:
3173:
3165:Liberalism and radicalism
3117:
3108:
3034:
2936:
2838:
626:
621:
610:
601:
590:
581:
568:
559:
554:
538:
522:
506:
490:
473:
456:
451:
311:
302:
207:
198:
168:
163:
141:
119:
114:
93:
79:
74:
60:
51:
34:
4678:Soviet Union (1938â1991)
4611:Northern Mariana Islands
3594:Administrative divisions
1952:
1824:Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon
1739:Conseil de la RĂ©publique
880:Administrative divisions
640:This article is part of
616:French National Assembly
3814:Franc (former currency)
3419:Coup of 2 December 1851
3392:Long nineteenth century
1904:
1855:motion of no confidence
1837:Organization and powers
912:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
614:, meeting place of the
594:, meeting place of the
517:30 June and 7 July 2024
122:President of the Senate
5213:Bicameral legislatures
5203:Parliaments by country
4841:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4188:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3834:Science and technology
3491:Provisional Government
3460:
3439:
3299:
1922:Constitution of France
1899:parliamentary immunity
1811:
1444:Conseil des Cinq-Cents
1353:three or more chambers
1310:Constitution of France
1300:
1275:
1261:
1237:
843:Constitutional Council
42:
5218:National legislatures
4752:National upper houses
4747:National lower houses
4650:Venezuela (1811-1999)
4361:Republic of the Congo
2832:French Fifth Republic
1401:Assemblée législative
1249:French Fifth Republic
571:ChĂąteau de Versailles
136:since 1 October 2014
5198:Government of France
3639:World Heritage Sites
3556:Coronavirus pandemic
1927:Government of France
1888:Cabinet of Ministers
1725:Assemblée Nationale
1661:Assemblée Nationale
1619:Assemblée Nationale
1306:Palace of Versailles
1281:Palais du Luxembourg
1251:, consisting of the
907:Auvergne-RhĂŽne-Alpes
898:Metropolitan regions
592:Palais du Luxembourg
5079:States with limited
4668:Estonia (1938â1940)
4551:Trinidad and Tobago
4291:Antigua and Barbuda
3777:Automotive industry
3561:2021 labor protests
3318:Peace of Westphalia
3186:History of Normandy
3181:History of Brittany
3047:Numbers of deputies
2716:on 11 December 2019
1843:President of France
1819:first past the post
1766:Assemblée Nationale
1743:Assemblée Nationale
1682:Assemblée Nationale
1677:Chamber of Deputies
1592:Chamber of Deputies
1439:Conseil des Anciens
1424:Assemblée Nationale
1304:), convened at the
1276:Assemblée nationale
922:Centre-Val de Loire
158:since 28 June 2022
5208:Politics of France
4673:Serbia (1901â1903)
4371:Dominican Republic
3844:Telecommunications
3546:2015 Paris attacks
3409:Revolution of 1848
3237:Visigothic Kingdom
1937:Politics of France
1897:Legislators enjoy
1880:Secretary of State
1516:SĂ©nat conservateur
1493:SĂ©nat conservateur
1465:SĂ©nat conservateur
1238:Parlement français
1165:Political scandals
952:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
853:Court of Cassation
651:Politics of France
43:Parlement français
5188:French Parliament
5175:
5174:
4760:
4759:
4683:Texas (1836â1845)
4588:other territories
4376:Equatorial Guinea
4114:
4113:
4076:
4075:
3867:
3866:
3754:
3753:
3746:Political parties
3682:Foreign relations
3647:
3646:
3576:
3575:
3359:French Revolution
3313:Thirty Years' War
3294:Absolute monarchy
3259:Kingdom of France
3155:Foreign relations
3135:Political history
3065:
3064:
3057:Lists of deputies
3052:Women as deputies
1932:History of France
1867:Charles de Gaulle
1851:absolute majority
1799:
1798:
1347:(though at times
1271:National Assembly
1230:French Parliament
1226:
1225:
1183:France portal
1122:Foreign alliances
1095:Foreign relations
1082:Political parties
787:National Assembly
635:
634:
542:National Assembly
533:By September 2026
510:National Assembly
501:24 September 2023
476:National Assembly
468:Indirect election
314:National Assembly
189:National Assembly
106:National Assembly
36:French Parliament
20:institution, see
5225:
5117:Dependencies and
5053:Northern Ireland
4799:Sovereign states
4787:
4780:
4773:
4764:
4763:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4118:
4117:
3878:
3877:
3794:Economic history
3765:
3764:
3658:
3657:
3587:
3586:
3465:
3444:
3343:Seven Years' War
3308:Wars of Religion
3304:
3289:House of Bourbon
3284:Early modern era
3264:Fundamental laws
3140:Military history
3115:
3114:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3069:
3068:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2782:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2771:Official website
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2712:. Archived from
2699:
2693:
2686:
2670:
2667:
2655:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2354:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2293:
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2275:
2266:
2260:
2254:
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2099:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1963:
1831:grands Ă©lecteurs
1637:Corps législatif
1589:Chamber of Peers
1565:Chamber of Peers
1540:Chamber of Peers
1519:Corps législatif
1496:Corps législatif
1470:Corps législatif
1358:
1357:
1316:History and name
1303:
1278:
1264:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1023:French Polynesia
1014:Overseas country
976:Overseas regions
962:Pays de la Loire
848:Council of State
800:Yaël Braun-Pivet
662:
637:
636:
631:
606:
586:
564:
485:Two-round system
441:
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316:political groups
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151:Yaël Braun-Pivet
65:
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32:
31:
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5098:Northern Cyprus
5080:
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4973:North Macedonia
4794:
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4756:
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4724:Multicameralism
4702:
4638:
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4272:
4154:
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4115:
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4109:
4090:
4072:
4053:Public holidays
3966:
3925:Life expectancy
3863:
3750:
3643:
3572:
3541:Great Recession
3514:Fourth Republic
3509:1900 to present
3497:
3414:Second Republic
3378:
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2732:Further reading
2729:
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2710:L'Ago e Il Filo
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2014:
2005:
1996:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1876:Nicolas Sarkozy
1839:
1804:
1730:1946–1958
1709:1944–1946
1689:1940–1944
1666:1875–1940
1648:1871–1875
1624:1852–1870
1603:1848–1852
1585:Charter of 1830
1581:1830–1848
1535:Charter of 1814
1531:1814–1815
1508:1804–1814
1485:1802–1804
1456:1799–1802
1430:1795–1799
1379:Single chamber
1318:
1222:
1193:
1189:Other countries
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756:
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722:Emmanuel Macron
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2763:External links
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1287:, both on the
1285:Palais Bourbon
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1149:Related topics
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816:GĂ©rard Larcher
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4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:Liechtenstein
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4788:
4783:
4781:
4776:
4774:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4719:Tricameralism
4717:
4715:
4714:Unicameralism
4712:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4626:Non-UN states
4623:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4586:Dependent and
4583:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4268:United States
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4142:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Birth control
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3665:Constitutions
3663:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
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3600:
3597:
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3588:
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3579:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
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3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
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3528:
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3524:
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3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3462:Années folles
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Second Empire
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:July Monarchy
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:Ancien RĂ©gime
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3255:
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3248:
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3141:
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3126:
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3009:
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2999:
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2467:La Convention
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2250:
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2235:
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2212:
2206:
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2203:
2197:
2196:
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2184:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1871:horse-trading
1868:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1815:
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1471:
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1414:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1376:Joint sitting
1375:
1373:Other chamber
1372:
1370:Lower chamber
1369:
1367:Upper chamber
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:unicameralism
1346:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1326:Ancien RĂ©gime
1323:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1263:
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1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1219:
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1199:
1197:
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1190:
1187:
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1156:
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1138:
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1129:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
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1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
985:French Guiana
983:
982:
978:
977:
973:
972:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:Ăle-de-France
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
900:
899:
895:
894:
890:
889:
885:
884:
881:
876:
875:
867:
866:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
837:
832:
831:
824:
821:
817:
813:
810:
809:
808:
805:
801:
797:
794:
793:
792:
788:
785:
784:
781:
776:
775:
768:
765:
763:
762:
758:
757:
752:
748:
747:Gabriel Attal
745:
742:
738:
737:
733:
732:
727:
723:
720:
717:
713:
712:
708:
707:
704:
699:
698:
690:
689:
684:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:Constitutions
670:
669:
666:
665:
661:
657:
656:
652:
648:
647:
643:
639:
638:
630:
625:
620:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
597:
596:French Senate
593:
589:
585:
580:
576:
575:joint session
572:
567:
563:
558:
555:Meeting place
553:
550:
547:
543:
537:
534:
531:
527:
521:
518:
515:
511:
505:
502:
499:
495:
489:
486:
483:
480:
479:voting system
477:
472:
469:
466:
463:
462:voting system
460:
455:
450:
444:
438:
435:
429:
426:
420:
417:
411:
408:
402:
399:
393:
390:
384:
381:
375:
374:
373:
371:
364:
358:
355:
349:
346:
340:
337:
331:
330:
329:
327:
326:
321:
319:
315:
310:
306:
301:
295:
289:
286:
280:
277:
271:
268:
262:
259:
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250:
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241:
235:
232:
226:
223:
217:
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206:
202:
197:
190:
186:
183:
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177:
174:
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156:
152:
148:
145:
140:
134:
130:
126:
123:
118:
113:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
96:
92:
87:
82:
78:
73:
69:
64:
59:
56:
55:
50:
44:
33:
30:
23:
19:
18:ancien régime
5108:Transnistria
5070:Vatican City
4880:
4556:Turkmenistan
4531:South Africa
4385:
4152:legislatures
3995:Coat of arms
3985:Architecture
3957:Social class
3915:Homelessness
3900:Demographics
3854:Trade unions
3787:Central bank
3740:
3729:criminal law
3692:Human rights
3675:presidential
3519:Algerian War
3502:Contemporary
3476:Vichy France
3471:World War II
3441:Belle Ăpoque
3374:First Empire
3276:Early Modern
3247:West Francia
2840:Legislatures
2828:Legislatures
2787:
2755:
2738:
2718:. Retrieved
2714:the original
2709:
2697:
2692:7 juin 2007.
2689:
2684:
2665:
2604:
2585:
2494:
2365:
2304:
2258:
2192:
2119:
2082:
2054:
1961:
1896:
1892:
1884:cohabitation
1859:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1816:
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1780:Jun. 9 2024
1364:Constitution
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1059:Presidential
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5146:Isle of Man
5081:recognition
5033:Switzerland
4968:Netherlands
4663:(1969â1992)
4616:Puerto Rico
4606:Isle of Man
4521:Saint Lucia
4501:Philippines
4481:Netherlands
4421:Ivory Coast
4263:Switzerland
4253:South Sudan
4105:WikiProject
3920:Immigration
3910:Health care
3772:Agriculture
3724:enforcement
3481:Free France
3450:World War I
3397:Restoration
3384:Late Modern
3254:Middle Ages
3229:Middle Ages
3214:Celtic Gaul
2792:(in French)
2781:(in French)
2752:Marc AbélÚs
2614:Renaissance
2147:Renaissance
2101:Renaissance
1971:Renaissance
1339:Across the
1289:Rive Gauche
1267:lower house
1265:), and the
1253:upper house
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780:Legislature
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1240:) is the
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452:Elections
164:Structure
86:Bicameral
22:Parlement
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4526:Slovenia
4496:Paraguay
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3653:Politics
3455:Interwar
3150:Economic
3145:Language
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2938:Deputies
2720:12 April
2384:R&PS
2129:Horizons
1916:See also
1812:le SĂ©nat
1522:Tribunat
1499:Tribunat
1475:Tribunat
1155:Centrism
1107:Americas
947:Normandy
917:Brittany
642:a series
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528:election
512:election
496:election
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4886:Georgia
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4851:Croatia
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4806:Albania
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4086:Outline
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3609:Borders
3242:Francia
3196:Ancient
3174:Regions
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3110:History
3035:Related
2830:of the
2349:T44 (1)
2332:L'AprĂšs
1989:RE-Agir
1324:of the
1247:of the
1005:RĂ©union
1000:Mayotte
927:Corsica
888:Regions
622:Website
407:E&S
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3531:May 68
3102:topics
3099:France
2747:440044
2647:
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2042:
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2015:
2006:
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1986:
1980:RE-TdP
1977:
1968:
1886:. The
1808:French
1269:, the
1257:Senate
1255:, the
1234:French
1102:Africa
1069:Senate
807:Senate
526:Senate
494:Senate
459:Senate
440:
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294:RASNAG
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273:
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210:Senate
182:Senate
153:,
131:,
101:Senate
94:Houses
5126:Ă
land
5063:Wales
5023:Spain
4948:Malta
4918:Italy
4536:Spain
4491:Palau
4446:Kenya
4431:Japan
4416:Italy
4401:Haiti
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4346:Chile
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4228:Nepal
4213:India
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4058:Sport
4043:Music
4038:Media
3895:Crime
3619:Lakes
2743:JSTOR
2204:(69)
2092:MoDem
1973:(92)
1953:Notes
1763:SĂ©nat
1674:SĂ©nat
1633:SĂ©nat
1262:SĂ©nat
767:Attal
540:Next
524:Next
508:Last
492:Last
382:(126)
224:(133)
187:577 (
180:348 (
169:Seats
4486:Oman
4018:Flag
3804:Euro
3702:LGBT
3026:17th
3021:16th
3016:15th
3011:14th
3006:13th
3001:12th
2996:11th
2991:10th
2928:17th
2923:16th
2918:15th
2913:14th
2908:13th
2903:12th
2898:11th
2893:10th
2722:2016
2597:(16)
2567:MDES
2485:AHIP
2386:(3)
2316:(25)
2286:PPDG
2270:(63)
2213:(20)
2131:(23)
2094:(33)
2066:(45)
1905:List
1860:The
1557:1815
1407:1793
1384:1791
1361:Date
1228:The
1112:Asia
751:LREM
741:list
726:LREM
716:list
436:(16)
427:(17)
418:(21)
416:LIOT
409:(38)
400:(66)
391:(72)
365:(31)
356:(36)
347:(47)
338:(99)
287:(16)
285:RDSE
278:(17)
269:(18)
267:LIRT
260:(18)
258:CRCE
251:(22)
249:RDPI
242:(56)
233:(64)
80:Type
75:Type
3990:Art
3714:Law
2986:9th
2981:8th
2976:7th
2971:6th
2966:5th
2961:4th
2956:3rd
2951:2nd
2946:1st
2888:9th
2883:8th
2878:7th
2873:6th
2868:5th
2863:4th
2858:3rd
2853:2nd
2848:1st
2652:(1)
2643:(1)
2634:(2)
2632:DVD
2625:(2)
2616:(2)
2578:(1)
2576:PLD
2569:(1)
2560:(1)
2551:(1)
2542:(1)
2533:(1)
2524:(1)
2522:GRS
2515:(2)
2513:PLR
2506:(8)
2504:PCF
2487:(1)
2478:(1)
2469:(1)
2460:(1)
2451:(1)
2449:PRV
2442:(2)
2440:DVG
2433:(2)
2431:DVD
2424:(2)
2415:(2)
2404:(1)
2402:PNC
2395:(2)
2393:FeC
2377:(5)
2375:UDI
2358:(1)
2356:PD!
2343:(1)
2334:(4)
2325:(6)
2323:G.s
2297:(1)
2288:(1)
2279:(1)
2251:(1)
2242:(1)
2233:(1)
2231:REV
2222:(1)
2220:NPA
2202:LFI
2185:(1)
2183:CCB
2176:(1)
2167:(1)
2165:DVD
2158:(1)
2149:(2)
2140:(2)
2112:(1)
2110:RSM
2103:(2)
2075:(2)
2073:DVD
2047:(1)
2038:(1)
2036:GNC
2029:(1)
2027:DVC
2020:(1)
2011:(1)
2009:PRV
2002:(2)
2000:DVD
1991:(5)
1982:(9)
445:(8)
434:AD!
425:GDR
398:SOC
389:LFI
363:HOR
296:(4)
176:925
5184::
2754:,
2745::
2708:.
2650:PS
2641:RN
2623:LR
2595:LR
2558:UC
2531:LP
2476:AD
2458:LC
2422:PS
2413:LR
2341:GE
2314:LĂ
2277:PP
2268:PS
2211:PG
2174:AC
2156:LC
2138:LR
2064:LR
2018:EC
1810::
1312:.
1291:.
1236::
814::
798::
789::
644:on
443:NI
380:RN
354:LD
345:DR
336:ER
240:UC
222:SR
155:RE
133:LR
4786:e
4779:t
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3091:e
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3077:v
2820:e
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