1058:). Each ministerial cabinet consists of around ten to twenty members, who are political appointees. Cabinet members assist the minister in running a ministry. Members of ministerial cabinets are powerful figures within the government and work in both the political and administrative spheres. The hierarchy in each ministerial cabinet is determined by the minister. Working groups consisting of representatives from several ministries are commonplace. It is the duty of the prime minister to oversee these inter-ministry meetings and to ensure that government work is done effectively and efficiently. All ministerial cabinet decisions must be co-signed by the prime minister. Any decree must also seek the prime minister's advice as well.
916:
They are appointed by the president of the
Republic. While the president is constitutionally free to appoint whomever they like, in practice, they must nominate a candidate that reflects the will of the majority of the National Assembly, as the government relies on the confidence of the French Parliament. After being nominated to lead a government, the prime minister nominee must propose a list of ministers to the president. The president can either accept or reject these proposed ministers. Ministers are ranked by importance:
218:
68:
6149:
5633:
5622:
736:
98:
6161:
960:) are junior ministers. This is the lowest rank in the French ministerial hierarchy. Secretaries work directly under a minister, or sometimes directly under the prime minister. While the Council of Ministers does not include secretaries of state as members, secretaries may attend meetings of the Council if their portfolio is up for discussion.
1041:. In the third part, usually, either one minister will give a presentation about some reform or project that they are directing, or the president will ask for advice on some subject from the ministers. In addition, the minister of foreign affairs provides the Council with weekly updates on important international issues.
1079:. Each minister must prepare a list of requests for funds annually, and submit it to the Budget Ministry. This ministry decides whether to grant or deny requests for funding by ministers. The ministry also calculates the state budget for the coming year. The parliament must vote on all applications of finance law.
1036:
Meetings of the
Council of Ministers take place every Wednesday morning at the Élysée Palace. They are presided over by the president of the Republic, who promotes solidarity and collegiality amongst government ministers. These meetings follow a set format. In the first part of a meeting, the Council
1024:
All bills and some decrees must be approved by the
Council of Ministers. Furthermore, it is the Council of Ministers that defines the collective political and policy direction of the government, and takes practical steps to implement that direction. In addition to writing and implementing policy, the
1087:
Members of the French government cannot occupy any parliamentary office or position of occupational or trade leadership at the national level, any public employment, or any professional activity. These restrictions are in place to alleviate external pressure and influence on ministers, and to enable
915:
All members of the French government are appointed by the president of the
Republic on the advice of the prime minister. Members of the government are ranked in a precise order, which is established at the time of government formation. In this hierarchy, the prime minister is the head of government.
1001:) is established by the Constitution. It is composed only of the senior ministers, though some secretaries of state may attend Council meetings. The Council of Ministers is chaired by the president, unlike the government, but is still led by the prime minister, who was officially titled as the
1108:. If the government decides to launch an armed operation with a duration of longer than four months, it must first consult parliament and request an authorization. The prime minister may convene parliament for extraordinary sessions, or add additional sitting days to the legislative calendar.
1088:
them to focus on their governmental work. Thus, a member of the
National Assembly or the Senate who is appointed to the government must resign his or her seat in order to serve as a minister or as the prime minister. Despite these restrictions, members of the government are
1066:
The government is responsible for the economic and financial policy of the French
Republic, must authorize all expenditures made by each ministry, and also manage all revenue. Expenditures are made through what is called a "finance law"
1092:, such as those of city mayor or regional councilor. While the Constitution of the French Republic does not prohibit ministers from being the leader of a political party, it is customary that ministers should not occupy such a post.
1049:
Most government work, however, is done elsewhere. Much of it is done by each individual ministry, under the direction of the minister responsible for that ministry. Ministers each have their own staff, called a "ministerial cabinet"
1095:
The government is responsible to the French
Parliament. In particular, the government must assume responsibility for its actions before the National Assembly, and the National Assembly can dismiss the government with a
3234:
1444:
1433:
5090:
2615:
1307:
2877:
2418:
2266:
2198:
3112:
2309:
2241:
2643:
2610:
1037:
deliberates over general interest bills, ordinances, and decrees. In the second part, the
Council discusses individual decisions by each minister regarding the appointment of senior
2334:
2226:
2193:
2668:
2638:
2605:
5522:
2809:
2554:
3064:
2673:
2549:
2481:
2824:
2814:
2779:
2769:
2754:
2577:
2456:
2095:
1713:
1644:
2251:
3188:
2829:
2774:
2749:
2731:
2688:
2648:
2559:
2514:
2446:
2178:
1629:
1589:
1196:
1176:
1411:
1274:
2912:
2834:
2799:
2759:
2693:
2663:
2600:
2529:
2486:
2428:
2390:
2221:
2183:
3049:
3367:
3183:
3173:
3142:
3079:
2988:
2953:
2907:
2784:
2764:
2726:
2683:
2678:
2653:
2633:
2539:
2524:
2504:
2466:
2380:
2375:
2357:
2304:
2276:
2261:
2203:
2168:
3352:
3131:
2844:
2385:
3372:
3362:
3321:
3219:
3178:
3168:
2998:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2948:
2794:
2789:
2721:
2658:
2534:
2519:
2476:
2461:
2395:
2339:
2324:
2294:
2256:
2236:
1455:
3347:
5083:
3403:
3301:
3286:
3224:
3214:
3209:
3044:
3003:
2983:
2958:
2922:
2839:
2819:
2703:
2595:
2544:
2509:
2451:
2413:
2329:
2319:
2299:
2246:
2231:
1835:
3398:
3291:
3281:
3255:
3245:
3054:
3023:
2993:
2804:
2423:
2314:
2271:
2173:
1820:
3260:
3250:
3008:
2698:
2471:
2188:
2927:
2870:
5009:
3105:
5076:
3377:
3326:
3074:
3069:
353:
3163:
1815:
3316:
3296:
3059:
2088:
1706:
245:
3018:
3013:
2963:
2917:
2863:
3944:
3098:
1234:
1855:
1564:
1141:
982:
685:
1742:
5256:
2081:
1699:
5527:
5517:
2896:
1904:
931:) are senior ministers and are members of the Council of Ministers. It is an honorary rank, granted to some Ministers as a sign of prestige.
1944:
1599:
1151:
773:
1954:
1899:
1874:
1786:
1737:
1529:
5626:
5537:
2018:
1594:
1166:
1161:
1101:
533:
369:
5669:
5592:
4057:
1639:
1191:
5153:
4954:
1574:
6198:
5886:
2003:
1569:
1181:
1934:
5532:
5473:
5143:
3528:
1845:
1929:
746:
3937:
3654:
1978:
1796:
1791:
1781:
1002:
1914:
1100:. The government cannot function during the tenure of acting (interim) president, as that position is granted either to the
5567:
5552:
3584:
1246:
3270:
1959:
5547:
5483:
1939:
1879:
639:
4285:
903:
422:
5602:
5251:
1983:
437:
3418:
5582:
5577:
5557:
5382:
1825:
1757:
1614:
1584:
1579:
1388:
1201:
1146:
1131:
722:
514:
380:
298:
6165:
5636:
5572:
5104:
4541:
3930:
3898:
3791:
3604:
2028:
1949:
1884:
1665:
1634:
1186:
943:
766:
616:
504:
474:
1840:
524:
5607:
3857:
3629:
3152:
2023:
1998:
1924:
1909:
1522:
621:
400:
5542:
5299:
4987:
4790:
3198:
2163:
2115:
2052:
1993:
694:
133:
6203:
6193:
5946:
5800:
5662:
5453:
4921:
3872:
3824:
3716:
3711:
3459:
3387:
2158:
2047:
1850:
1806:
1670:
674:
664:
631:
348:
2286:
405:
5562:
5118:
5043:
4976:
4795:
4521:
3336:
1988:
1919:
1624:
1609:
1604:
1171:
1136:
273:
3090:
1894:
6029:
5587:
5468:
5349:
5229:
5048:
4943:
4052:
3829:
3676:
2140:
2073:
1889:
1675:
1619:
1156:
759:
679:
659:
652:
410:
199:
19:
This article is about the collective executive of France. For the entire governing system of France, see
2855:
1830:
308:
283:
5501:
5463:
5294:
5053:
4932:
3834:
3796:
3521:
3475:
2135:
1515:
890:
571:
344:
143:
5068:
2057:
2013:
2008:
469:
6054:
6006:
5596:
5020:
4212:
4001:
3776:
3470:
2062:
1776:
669:
6153:
6049:
5858:
5805:
5655:
5448:
4998:
4431:
4237:
3746:
3706:
3686:
3666:
3569:
1680:
1660:
1550:
832:
415:
293:
113:
973:, the government directs and decides the policy of the nation. In practice, the government writes
5750:
5339:
5279:
5204:
4496:
4021:
3862:
3681:
3444:
3408:
1097:
626:
231:
464:
5785:
4290:
4227:
4222:
3882:
3867:
3814:
3761:
3756:
3731:
3589:
3439:
2887:
1969:
1467:
1018:
970:
847:
824:
717:
3852:
1422:
1286:
5898:
5841:
5735:
5720:
5344:
5304:
5168:
5133:
5100:
4903:
4401:
4137:
3786:
3736:
3696:
3649:
3644:
3634:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3594:
3579:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3514:
3122:
2105:
1728:
1014:
846:
The
Council of Ministers, the main executive organ of the government, was established in the
840:
611:
590:
238:
84:
5881:
5399:
5334:
5244:
5234:
4536:
4197:
3877:
3819:
3781:
3771:
3751:
3741:
3726:
3721:
3701:
3671:
3639:
3599:
3449:
2038:
1105:
8:
6134:
5903:
5891:
5848:
5458:
5416:
5370:
5284:
5224:
4965:
4581:
4406:
4280:
4217:
4202:
3766:
3691:
3661:
2587:
2349:
2150:
1767:
1026:
942:) are senior ministers and are members of the Council of Ministers. They lead government
886:
859:
604:
479:
455:
393:
268:
123:
2496:
2438:
357:
6099:
5438:
5426:
5421:
5377:
5327:
5184:
5163:
5158:
4692:
4511:
4436:
4207:
3996:
3986:
3495:
3434:
3429:
1360:
1117:
1076:
949:
851:
836:
712:
509:
208:
56:
24:
20:
1127:
The names of ministries change often in France. This is a list of current ministries:
6001:
5981:
5926:
5478:
5433:
5409:
5392:
5289:
5274:
5239:
5189:
4857:
4820:
4751:
4702:
4576:
4305:
4016:
3480:
3357:
3311:
3306:
1394:
1384:
1322:
920:
898:
445:
337:
1691:
373:
164:
6061:
5908:
5876:
5853:
5689:
5443:
5404:
5365:
4867:
4722:
4411:
4391:
4325:
4295:
4270:
4232:
4011:
3490:
3485:
2625:
1752:
1747:
1356:
580:
519:
324:
499:
6124:
6114:
6071:
6021:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5831:
5826:
5770:
5760:
5699:
5694:
5387:
5322:
5194:
4707:
4461:
4441:
4396:
4182:
1068:
1051:
1006:
994:
953:
935:
924:
819:
803:
791:
494:
364:
279:
2405:
6109:
6078:
6066:
6034:
5976:
5941:
5936:
5868:
5730:
5725:
5678:
5199:
5138:
5128:
5123:
4877:
4872:
4756:
4526:
4451:
4355:
4320:
3971:
2937:
2569:
2127:
1025:
government is responsible for national defense, and directs the actions of the
2367:
2213:
217:
6187:
6119:
6044:
5996:
5821:
5780:
5775:
5755:
5745:
4898:
4506:
4365:
4157:
4087:
3991:
2741:
2119:
1865:
1038:
863:
740:
542:
304:
1398:
1347:
A. Dutheillet de
Lamothe (December 1965). "Ministerial Cabinets in France".
67:
6104:
6039:
5991:
5986:
5918:
5795:
5790:
4908:
4717:
4622:
4486:
4315:
4300:
4026:
3120:
1089:
1030:
981:. All political decisions made by the government must be registered in the
889:
following the recommendation of the prime minister, are responsible to the
3922:
3033:
2103:
1221:
5956:
5931:
5765:
5715:
4882:
4815:
4632:
4551:
4335:
4310:
4260:
4172:
4132:
4127:
4107:
4102:
4092:
4077:
4072:
2885:
2713:
1378:
1029:. The workings of the government of France are based on the principle of
894:
869:
The government's most senior ministers are titled as ministers of state (
3506:
6129:
6011:
5951:
5740:
5098:
4637:
4566:
4456:
4375:
4360:
4340:
4152:
4122:
4112:
4082:
3957:
1507:
974:
552:
547:
978:
562:
4841:
4761:
4680:
4655:
4617:
4546:
4421:
4330:
4265:
4190:
4177:
4162:
4147:
4117:
4097:
1152:
Ministry for Territorial Cohesion and Relations with Local Government
489:
4805:
4561:
4416:
4350:
4275:
4242:
4142:
4031:
3953:
5647:
1456:
Constitution of the French Republic (Title IV, Articles 28 and 29)
6094:
5148:
4847:
4612:
4571:
4516:
4491:
4345:
4167:
4067:
557:
484:
881:), whereas junior ministers are titled as secretaries of state (
4852:
4687:
4642:
3981:
3976:
866:, although the officeholder is not a member of the government.
828:
103:
1497:
1192:
Ministry of Public Sector Transformation and the Civil Service
3909:
855:
168:
1372:
1370:
5836:
1423:
https://franceintheus.org/IMG/pdf/legislative_elections.pdf
1412:
Constitution of the French Republic (Title III, Article 23)
1275:
Constitution of the French Republic (Title III, Article 20)
977:
to be introduced to parliament, and also writes and issues
885:). All members of the government, who are appointed by the
4648:
1600:
Territorial Cohesion and Relations with Local Authorities
1445:
Constitution of the French Republic (Title V, Article 35)
1434:
Constitution of the French Republic (Title V, Article 49)
1367:
1308:
Constitution of the French Republic (Title II, Article 9)
1235:
Constitution of the French Republic (Title II, Article 8)
1346:
901:. Cases of ministerial misconduct are tried before the
179:
1721:
1197:
Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation
1177:
Ministry of Labour, Employment and Economic Inclusion
246:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1645:Gender Equality, Diversity and Equal Opportunities
1377:Laver, Michael; Shepsle, Kenneth A., eds. (1994).
5159:Cabinet department / Office of the prime minister
6185:
1182:Ministry of National Education, Youth and Sport
1380:Cabinet ministers and parliamentary government
1287:"A short guide to the French political system"
1222:"The State budget | Agence France Trésor"
5663:
5084:
5010:Autonomous types of first-tier administration
3938:
3522:
3106:
2871:
2089:
1707:
1523:
767:
1376:
910:
873:), followed in protocol order by ministers (
812:
45:
23:. For the current government of France, see
3952:
16:Body exerting the executive power in France
5670:
5656:
5205:Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary
5091:
5077:
3945:
3931:
3529:
3515:
3113:
3099:
2878:
2864:
2096:
2082:
2019:Last cabinet of the French Second Republic
1714:
1700:
1530:
1516:
1383:. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
774:
760:
3536:
1630:Higher Education, Research and Innovation
1590:Labour, Employment and Economic Inclusion
1342:
1340:
971:Constitution of the French Fifth Republic
1537:
858:. The meetings are presided over by the
850:in 1958. Its members meet weekly at the
820:[ɡuvɛʁnəmɑ̃dəlaʁepyblikfʁɑ̃sɛːz]
1317:
1315:
1142:Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs
1090:allowed to keep local elected positions
1082:
988:
814:Gouvernement de la République française
47:Gouvernement de la République française
6186:
1337:
686:Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs
5651:
5072:
3926:
3913:
3510:
3094:
2859:
2077:
1695:
1511:
1270:
1268:
1167:Ministry of the Ecological Transition
1111:
1003:president of the Council of Ministers
818:
802:
6160:
1570:National Education, Youth and Sports
1312:
1104:or the prime minister, compromising
839:, as well as both senior and junior
5677:
5164:Speaker / President of the assembly
1279:
1253:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2014
1247:"France: The role of the president"
13:
5252:International development minister
1361:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1965.tb01658.x
1265:
1239:
1157:Ministry for Solidarity and Health
1011:président du Conseil des ministres
14:
6215:
5627:Government ministers by portfolio
5383:Ministry of Education and Culture
1722:Governments of France (1792–1870)
1640:Public Transformation and Service
1489:
1162:Ministry of Economics and Finance
809:Government of the French Republic
381:Congress of the French Parliament
37:Government of the French Republic
6159:
6148:
6147:
5632:
5631:
5621:
5620:
1885:First ministry of Louis-Philippe
1187:Ministry of Agriculture and Food
904:Cour de Justice de la République
734:
423:Cour de Justice de la République
216:
96:
66:
4955:Social and political philosophy
1468:"Composition of the Government"
1460:
1449:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1405:
1122:
6199:Government ministers of France
5300:Ministry of trade and industry
4791:Political history of the world
3914:
2116:Government of National Defense
2053:Fourth cabinet of Napoleon III
1797:Provisional Government of 1815
1782:Provisional Government of 1814
1301:
1228:
1214:
695:Politics of the European Union
1:
5947:Needle and syringe programmes
5801:Universal access to education
5454:Ministry of religious affairs
2048:Third cabinet of Napoleon III
1207:
1075:), which is equivalent to an
1044:
675:France and the United Nations
4796:History of political thought
1940:Transitional cabinet of 1839
1202:Ministry for Overseas France
964:
7:
6030:Publicly funded health care
5469:Ministry of social security
5350:Ministry of water resources
5230:Ministry of foreign affairs
5099:Common types of government
10:
6220:
5502:Minister without portfolio
5464:Ministry of social affairs
5295:Ministry of infrastructure
1875:Paris Municipal Commission
1743:Committee of Public Safety
1565:Europe and Foreign Affairs
1115:
993:The Council of Ministers (
804:[ɡuvɛʁnəmɑ̃fʁɑ̃sɛ]
525:Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
18:
6143:
6087:
6055:National health insurance
6020:
6007:Supervised injection site
5917:
5867:
5814:
5708:
5685:
5616:
5553:Communications ministries
5510:
5494:
5358:
5313:
5265:
5213:
5177:
5111:
5039:
5032:
4891:
4833:
4781:
4774:
4742:
4735:
4675:
4668:
4603:
4594:
4477:
4470:
4384:
4253:
4040:
4002:National unity government
3964:
3920:
3891:
3843:
3805:
3542:
3458:
3417:
3386:
3335:
3269:
3233:
3197:
3151:
3130:
3032:
2936:
2895:
2740:
2712:
2624:
2586:
2568:
2495:
2437:
2404:
2366:
2348:
2285:
2212:
2149:
2126:
2113:
2037:
1968:
1864:
1805:
1766:
1727:
1653:
1557:
1545:
1061:
911:Composition and formation
174:
160:
149:
139:
129:
119:
109:
91:
79:
74:
65:
54:
43:
34:
6050:Single-payer health care
5859:Universal basic services
5806:Universal basic services
5548:Climate change ministers
5449:Ministry of home affairs
4432:Environmental regulation
4238:Representative democracy
1147:Ministry of Armed Forces
1132:Ministry of the Interior
831:. It is composed of the
438:Administrative divisions
198:This article is part of
114:Prime Minister of France
5751:Public good (economics)
5637:Ministries by portfolio
5608:Public works ministries
5340:Ministry of electricity
5280:Ministry of the economy
5154:Office of the president
4497:Uncodified constitution
4022:Administrative division
1251:Encyclopædia Britannica
1102:president of the Senate
877:), ministers delegate (
470:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
5573:Environment ministries
5543:Agriculture ministries
5538:Presidents of assembly
5533:Deputy prime ministers
3585:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2897:Provisional Government
2888:French Fourth Republic
1979:Provisional Government
1558:Ministerial portfolios
1325:. Government of France
1323:"How Government works"
1072:
1055:
1010:
998:
957:
939:
928:
813:
401:Constitutional Council
46:
5899:Public infrastructure
5736:Public administration
5721:Free-culture movement
5568:Environment ministers
5474:Minister for Veterans
5345:Ministry of Petroleum
5305:Ministry of transport
5144:Deputy First Minister
5134:Deputy prime minister
4988:aspects of capitalism
4904:History of philosophy
4402:Unemployment benefits
4138:Military dictatorship
3537:Governments of Europe
3123:French Fifth Republic
2106:French Third Republic
1620:Solidarity and Health
1595:Ecological Transition
1349:Public Administration
999:Conseil des ministres
796:Gouvernement français
6204:Government of France
6194:European governments
5563:Education ministries
5400:Information minister
5335:Environment minister
5245:Ministry of interior
5235:Immigration minister
4922:Political ideologies
4198:Parliamentary system
1984:Executive Commission
1880:Provisional Ministry
1635:Agriculture and Food
1539:Government of France
1106:separation of powers
1083:Separation of powers
989:Council of Ministers
950:Secretaries of state
788:Government of France
465:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
456:Metropolitan regions
134:Council of Ministers
6135:Public viewing area
5904:Public water system
5892:Municipal broadband
5849:Public broadcasting
5459:Ministry of science
5417:Ministry of justice
5410:Ministry of housing
5371:Ministry of culture
5285:Ministry of finance
5225:Ministry of defence
5044:Forms of government
4977:Conservatism navbox
4582:Legislative council
4407:National healthcare
4281:Christian democracy
4203:Presidential system
4058:Countries by system
3806:States with limited
3121:Governments of the
2886:Governments of the
2588:Alexandre Millerand
2350:Jean Casimir-Perier
2151:Patrice de MacMahon
2104:Governments of the
1738:National Convention
1575:Economy and Finance
1172:Ministry of Culture
1137:Ministry of Justice
1056:Cabinet ministériel
1027:French Armed Forces
860:president of France
480:Centre-Val de Loire
124:President of France
6100:Government auction
5786:Public procurement
5603:Interior ministers
5484:Minister for women
5439:Ministry of sports
5427:Ministry of labour
5422:Minister of labour
5393:Ministry of health
5378:Education minister
5328:Ministry of energy
5185:Secretary of state
5049:Types of democracy
4944:Political spectrum
4557:Legislative bodies
4512:Head of government
4437:Banking regulation
3997:Federal government
3987:Central government
2029:Louis Napoleon (2)
2024:Louis Napoleon (1)
1546:Head of government
1118:Barnier government
1112:Current government
1077:appropriation bill
983:government gazette
958:secrétaires d'État
921:Ministers of state
883:secrétaires d'État
879:ministres délégués
837:head of government
807:), officially the
723:Political scandals
510:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
411:Court of Cassation
209:Politics of France
58:Central government
25:Barnier government
21:Politics of France
6181:
6180:
6175:
6174:
6002:Public university
5982:Public open space
5927:Drinking fountain
5887:Telecommunication
5645:
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5593:Health ministries
5588:Forest ministries
5583:Foreign ministers
5578:Finance ministers
5558:Defence ministers
5479:Ministry of women
5434:Regional minister
5316:natural resources
5290:Industry minister
5275:Commerce minister
5240:Interior minister
5216:foreign affairs /
5190:Minister of state
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5054:Political parties
4933:Political culture
4858:International law
4829:
4828:
4821:U.S. Constitution
4770:
4769:
4752:Political science
4731:
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4703:Political parties
4664:
4663:
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4306:Constitutionalism
4017:County government
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1654:Former portfolios
1289:. 19 October 2014
1098:motion of censure
969:According to the
899:French Parliament
891:National Assembly
784:
783:
741:France portal
680:Foreign alliances
653:Foreign relations
640:Political parties
345:National Assembly
193:
192:
144:National Assembly
6211:
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6062:Social insurance
5909:Waste management
5877:Electric utility
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5771:Public ownership
5690:Municipalization
5672:
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5444:Tourism minister
5405:Housing minister
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4723:Environmentalism
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4412:Public education
4392:Social insurance
4326:Environmentalism
4296:Communitarianism
4271:Authoritarianism
4233:Direct Democracy
4012:Local government
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3844:Dependencies and
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572:Overseas country
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520:Pays de la Loire
406:Council of State
358:Yaël Braun-Pivet
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5967:Public computer
5962:Public bookcase
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5863:
5832:Law enforcement
5827:Fire department
5810:
5761:Public interest
5704:
5700:Progressive tax
5695:Nationalization
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5528:Prime ministers
5523:Vice presidents
5506:
5490:
5388:Health minister
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5323:Energy minister
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2242:de Freycinet II
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2009:Petit ministère
1970:Second Republic
1964:
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5314:Environment /
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3125:(1958–present)
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2128:Adolphe Thiers
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2016:
2011:
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1490:External links
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416:Court of Audit
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374:Gérard Larcher
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140:Responsible to
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5997:Public toilet
5995:
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5987:Public school
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5882:Oil & gas
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5781:Public rights
5779:
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5756:Public health
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5746:Public domain
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4899:Human history
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4366:Progressivism
4364:
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4213:Collaborative
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4158:Republicanism
4156:
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4088:Confederation
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3992:Unitary state
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3858:Faroe Islands
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3830:South Ossetia
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3677:Liechtenstein
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3210:Chaban-Delmas
3208:
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3200:
3196:
3190:
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3182:
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3177:
3175:
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3167:
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3144:
3143:De Gaulle III
3141:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3081:
3080:De Gaulle III
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Mendès France
3048:
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3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
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2833:
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2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:Chautemps III
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
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2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2742:Albert Lebrun
2739:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
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2556:
2555:Clemenceau II
2553:
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2533:
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2211:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:de Rochebouët
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:de Broglie II
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2120:Paris Commune
2117:
2112:
2108:(1870 – 1940)
2107:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:Second Empire
2036:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
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1974:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1956:
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1948:
1946:
1943:
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1938:
1936:
1933:
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1928:
1926:
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1911:
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1891:
1888:
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1870:
1867:
1866:July Monarchy
1863:
1857:
1854:
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1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:Richelieu (2)
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:Richelieu (1)
1819:
1817:
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1813:
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1788:
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1769:
1765:
1759:
1758:Paris Commune
1756:
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1736:
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1441:
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1413:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1390:0-521-43246-4
1386:
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1129:
1128:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
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1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1013:) during the
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
959:
955:
951:
948:
945:
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937:
933:
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926:
922:
919:
918:
917:
908:
906:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
864:head of state
861:
857:
853:
852:Élysée Palace
849:
844:
842:
838:
835:, who is the
834:
830:
826:
823:), exercises
821:
815:
810:
805:
797:
793:
789:
777:
772:
770:
765:
763:
758:
757:
755:
754:
748:
745:
744:
742:
732:
731:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
704:
703:
696:
693:
692:
687:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
654:
649:
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641:
638:
637:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
606:
601:
600:
593:
592:
588:
587:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:
569:
568:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
543:French Guiana
541:
540:
536:
535:
531:
530:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
500:Île-de-France
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
457:
453:
452:
448:
447:
443:
442:
439:
434:
433:
425:
424:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
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395:
390:
389:
382:
379:
375:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
359:
355:
352:
351:
350:
346:
343:
342:
339:
334:
333:
326:
323:
321:
320:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:Gabriel Attal
303:
300:
296:
295:
291:
290:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
270:
266:
265:
262:
257:
256:
248:
247:
242:
240:
237:
236:
233:
232:Constitutions
228:
227:
224:
223:
219:
215:
214:
210:
206:
205:
201:
197:
196:
185:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163:
159:
156:299.7 billion
152:
150:Annual budget
148:
145:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
105:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
69:
64:
60:
53:
48:
42:
33:
30:
26:
22:
6164:
6152:
6105:Public float
6040:Job creation
5992:Public space
5919:Public works
5796:Public value
5791:Public trust
5024:}}
5018:{{
5013:}}
5007:{{
5002:}}
4996:{{
4991:}}
4985:{{
4980:}}
4974:{{
4969:}}
4963:{{
4958:}}
4952:{{
4947:}}
4941:{{
4936:}}
4930:{{
4925:}}
4919:{{
4913:
4909:Civilization
4862:
4840:
4810:
4800:
4785:
4746:
4718:Civil rights
4712:
4697:
4679:
4647:
4627:
4623:Town meeting
4607:
4556:
4531:
4501:
4487:Constitution
4481:
4446:
4426:
4370:
4316:Distributism
4301:Conservatism
4286:Collectivism
4254:Philosophies
4228:Cosmopolitan
4223:Conservative
4189:
4062:
4053:Govt systems
4047:
4027:Municipality
4006:
3835:Transnistria
3797:Vatican City
3624:
3463:(since 2017)
3373:Raffarin III
3179:Pompidou III
2999:Queuille III
2913:De Gaulle II
2825:Daladier III
2815:Chautemps IV
2780:Doumergue II
2770:Chautemps II
2755:Paul-Boncour
2644:Painlevé III
2611:Poincaré III
2578:Millerand II
2457:Clemenceau I
2406:Émile Loubet
2159:de Broglie I
1792:Hundred Days
1768:First Empire
1580:Armed Forces
1538:
1477:17 September
1475:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1451:
1440:
1429:
1418:
1407:
1379:
1352:
1348:
1327:. Retrieved
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1281:
1255:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1230:
1216:
1126:
1094:
1086:
1065:
1048:
1035:
1031:collegiality
1023:
992:
968:
914:
902:
882:
878:
874:
870:
868:
848:Constitution
845:
808:
795:
787:
785:
718:Human rights
617:Presidential
589:
570:
532:
454:
444:
421:
318:
317:
292:
267:
260:
244:
161:Headquarters
120:Appointed by
29:
5957:Public bank
5932:Free clinic
5766:Public land
5716:Common good
5266:Economics /
4883:World Court
4816:Magna Carta
4633:Legislation
4595:Governance
4552:Legislature
4427:Regulation:
4336:Familialism
4311:Corporatism
4291:Communalism
4261:Agrarianism
4173:Technocracy
4133:Meritocracy
4128:Kleptocracy
4108:Ergatocracy
4103:Electocracy
4093:Colonialism
4078:Bureaucracy
4073:Aristocracy
3873:Isle of Man
3808:recognition
3777:Switzerland
3712:Netherlands
3476:Philippe II
3422:(2012–2017)
3391:(2007–2012)
3368:Raffarin II
3340:(1995–2007)
3274:(1981–1995)
3238:(1974–1981)
3225:Messmer III
3202:(1969–1974)
3184:Pompidou IV
3174:Pompidou II
3156:(1959–1969)
3135:(1958–1959)
3037:(1954–1958)
2989:Queuille II
2984:Bidault III
2954:Ramadier II
2941:(1947–1954)
2908:De Gaulle I
2900:(1944–1946)
2890:(1946–1958)
2830:Daladier IV
2775:Daladier II
2750:Herriot III
2732:Tardieu III
2714:Paul Doumer
2689:Chautemps I
2669:Poincaré IV
2649:Briand VIII
2639:Painlevé II
2606:Poincaré II
2560:Millerand I
2515:Doumergue I
2447:Rouvier III
2368:Félix Faure
2287:Sadi Carnot
2214:Jules Grévy
2179:Dufaure III
1807:Restoration
1731:(1792–1804)
1666:Information
1503:(in French)
934:Ministers (
895:lower house
622:Legislative
612:Referendums
591:Departments
338:Legislature
188:(in French)
80:Established
6188:Categories
6130:Public use
6012:Urban park
5952:Public art
5741:Public bad
5518:Presidents
5214:Defence /
5112:Leadership
5105:ministries
5033:Categories
4966:liberalism
4914:Templates:
4811:Documents:
4786:Overviews:
4638:Regulation
4567:Parliament
4471:Components
4457:Sanitation
4447:Municipal:
4376:John Locke
4361:Liberalism
4341:Fanaticism
4153:Plutocracy
4123:Geniocracy
4113:Federalism
4083:Capitalism
3958:government
3915:Government
3747:San Marino
3707:Montenegro
3687:Luxembourg
3667:Kazakhstan
3570:Azerbaijan
3471:Philippe I
3435:Ayrault II
3409:Fillon III
3363:Raffarin I
3292:Mauroy III
3271:Mitterrand
3220:Messmer II
3169:Pompidou I
2979:Bidault II
2974:Queuille I
2969:Schuman II
2949:Ramadier I
2835:Daladier V
2800:Sarraut II
2760:Daladier I
2694:Tardieu II
2674:Poincaré V
2664:Herriot II
2601:Briand VII
2550:Painlevé I
2530:Viviani II
2487:Briand III
2482:Poincaré I
2429:Rouvier II
2391:Brisson II
2222:Waddington
2184:Dufaure IV
2141:Dufaure II
1999:Barrot (2)
1994:Barrot (1)
1950:Thiers (2)
1925:Thiers (1)
1920:de Broglie
1816:Talleyrand
1329:6 December
1293:5 December
1257:6 December
1208:References
1123:Ministries
1045:Ministries
944:ministries
800:pronounced
553:Martinique
548:Guadeloupe
349:Membership
319:Government
130:Main organ
5119:President
5101:ministers
4842:Diplomacy
4762:Sociology
4693:Campaigns
4681:Elections
4656:Precedent
4628:Outcomes:
4618:Committee
4597:processes
4547:Judiciary
4522:President
4482:Documents
4422:Espionage
4385:Functions
4331:Extremism
4266:Anarchism
4218:Consensus
4208:Cellular
4191:Democracy
4178:Theocracy
4163:Socialism
4148:Oligarchy
4118:Feudalism
4098:Communism
3965:Overviews
3863:Gibraltar
3682:Lithuania
3450:Cazeneuve
3430:Ayrault I
3404:Fillon II
3322:Bérégovoy
3312:Rocard II
3302:Chirac II
3287:Mauroy II
3261:Barre III
3215:Messmer I
3153:De Gaulle
3045:Laniel II
3004:Pleven II
2959:Schuman I
2923:Bidault I
2785:Flandin I
2765:Sarraut I
2727:Laval III
2684:Tardieu I
2679:Briand XI
2654:Briand IX
2634:Herriot I
2540:Briand VI
2525:Viviani I
2505:Briand IV
2467:Briand II
2381:Bourgeois
2376:Ribot III
2358:Dupuy III
2305:Tirard II
2277:Rouvier I
2262:Brisson I
2252:Fallières
2204:Dufaure V
2169:de Cissey
2136:Dufaure I
2041:(1852–70)
1989:Cavaignac
1972:(1848–52)
1955:Soult (3)
1945:Soult (2)
1900:Soult (1)
1868:(1830–48)
1856:Mortemart
1846:Martignac
1826:Dessolles
1809:(1814–30)
1770:(1804–14)
965:Functions
940:Ministres
887:president
875:ministres
841:ministers
632:Municipal
605:Elections
515:Occitania
490:Grand Est
394:Judiciary
370:President
354:President
269:President
261:Executive
6154:Category
6088:See also
5709:Concepts
5169:Minister
4806:Suffrage
4736:Academic
4669:Politics
4608:Process:
4577:Assembly
4562:Congress
4542:Ministry
4417:Military
4351:Feminism
4276:Centrism
4243:Republic
4143:Monarchy
4063:Systems:
4032:Township
3954:Politics
3883:Svalbard
3868:Guernsey
3815:Abkhazia
3762:Slovenia
3757:Slovakia
3732:Portugal
3590:Bulgaria
3445:Valls II
3419:Hollande
3399:Fillon I
3378:Villepin
3353:Juppé II
3327:Balladur
3307:Rocard I
3282:Mauroy I
3256:Barre II
3246:Chirac I
3199:Pompidou
3075:Pflimlin
3070:Gaillard
3055:Faure II
3024:Laniel I
2994:Pleven I
2928:Blum III
2795:Laval IV
2790:Bouisson
2722:Laval II
2659:Briand X
2535:Briand V
2520:Ribot IV
2462:Briand I
2396:Dupuy IV
2340:Dupuy II
2325:Ribot II
2295:Tirard I
2257:Ferry II
2237:Gambetta
2058:Ollivier
2004:Hautpoul
1935:Molé (2)
1930:Molé (1)
1890:Laffitte
1851:Polignac
1777:Napoleon
1615:Overseas
1585:Interior
1399:29669008
713:Centrism
665:Americas
505:Normandy
475:Brittany
200:a series
75:Overview
6166:Commons
6095:Commons
5149:Premier
4892:Related
4848:Embassy
4801:Reforms
4775:History
4713:Issues:
4698:Groups:
4613:Hearing
4572:Council
4537:Cabinet
4532:Bodies:
4517:Monarch
4492:Charter
4346:Fascism
4168:Statism
4068:Anarchy
4041:Systems
4007:Levels:
3787:Ukraine
3737:Romania
3697:Moldova
3655:Ireland
3650:Iceland
3645:Hungary
3635:Germany
3630:Georgia
3620:Finland
3615:Estonia
3610:Denmark
3595:Croatia
3580:Belgium
3575:Belarus
3565:Austria
3560:Armenia
3555:Andorra
3550:Albania
3496:Barnier
3440:Valls I
3388:Sarkozy
3348:Juppé I
3317:Cresson
3251:Barre I
3009:Faure I
2840:Reynaud
2820:Blum II
2704:Laval I
2596:Leygues
2545:Ribot V
2510:Barthou
2477:Sarrien
2452:Sarrien
2414:Dupuy V
2330:Dupuy I
2320:Ribot I
2300:Floquet
2247:Duclerc
2232:Ferry I
2014:Faucher
1915:Mortier
1841:Villèle
1831:Decazes
1610:Culture
1605:Justice
979:decrees
897:of the
563:Réunion
558:Mayotte
485:Corsica
446:Regions
175:Website
5625:
5359:Social
5257:Europe
5178:Titles
4863:World:
4853:Treaty
4688:Voting
4643:Zoning
4502:Roles:
4048:Lists:
3982:Empire
3977:Nation
3878:Jersey
3820:Kosovo
3782:Turkey
3772:Sweden
3752:Serbia
3742:Russia
3727:Poland
3722:Norway
3702:Monaco
3672:Latvia
3640:Greece
3625:France
3600:Cyprus
3481:Castex
3460:Macron
3358:Jospin
3337:Chirac
3297:Fabius
3060:Mollet
2938:Auriol
2845:Pétain
2805:Blum I
2424:Combes
2386:Méline
2315:Loubet
2272:Goblet
2174:Buffet
1960:Guizot
1905:Gérard
1676:Police
1397:
1387:
1069:French
1062:Budget
1052:French
1007:French
995:French
954:French
936:French
925:French
893:, the
862:, the
829:France
792:French
660:Africa
627:Senate
365:Senate
110:Leader
101:
5511:Lists
5495:Other
3972:State
3853:Åland
3767:Spain
3692:Malta
3662:Italy
3491:Attal
3486:Borne
3164:Debré
3019:Mayer
3014:Pinay
2964:Marie
2918:Gouin
2699:Steeg
2472:Monis
2189:Simon
1910:Maret
1015:Third
975:bills
856:Paris
325:Attal
182:.gouv
169:Paris
92:State
5103:and
3956:and
3132:Coty
3034:Coty
1671:Navy
1479:2021
1395:OCLC
1385:ISBN
1331:2014
1295:2014
1259:2014
1017:and
843:.
786:The
670:Asia
309:LREM
299:list
284:LREM
274:list
180:info
4649:Law
1681:War
1661:Air
1625:Sea
1357:doi
854:in
827:in
184:.fr
6190::
2118:–
1470:.
1393:.
1369:^
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1351:.
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1267:^
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