1342:
document provided for a nominal separation of powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. On paper, the legislative function was carried out by the
National Assembly. The assembly was empowered to make laws and to elect the chief officials of the state, such as the president (who was largely a symbolic head of state), the vice president, and cabinet ministers. Together those elected (including the president and vice president) formed a Council of Ministers, which constitutionally (but not in practice) was subject to supervision by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly. Headed by a prime minister, the council was the highest executive organ of state authority. Besides overseeing the Council of Ministers, the assembly's Standing Committee nominally supervised the Supreme People's Court, the chief organ of the judiciary. The assembly's executive side nominally decided on national economic plans, approved state budgets, and acted on questions of war or peace. In reality, however, the final authority on all matters rested with the Political Bureau.
243:
29:
1374:(1907 - 1986). The concept is a Vietnamese version of popular sovereignty, which advocates an active role for the people so that they may become their own masters as well as masters of society, nature, and the nation. It states that the people's collective mastery in all fields is assured by the state and is implemented by permitting the participation in state affairs of mass organizations. On paper, these organizations, to which almost all citizens belong, play an active role in government and have the right to introduce bills before the National Assembly.
1117:
2052:
264:
2062:
1355:
1977 Soviet
Constitution, which is evident in the principle of dictatorship of the proletariat, the exclusive leadership of the Communist Party, the centrally planned economy, the citizen's duties and statist rights, and the Leninist constitutional structure consisting of the supreme National Assembly, the collective presidency called the Council of State, the subordinate government called Council of Ministers, the procuracies, and the courts.
1367:
been transferred to the executive branch or assigned to both branches concurrently. The executive branch appears strengthened overall, having gained a second major executive body, the
Council of State, and the importance of the National Assembly appears to have been reduced accordingly. The role of the Council of Ministers, while appearing on paper to have been subordinated to the new Council of State, in practice retained its former primacy.
1106:
227:
1443:
1363:(VCP) in 1976, emphasizing popular sovereignty and promising success in undertaking "revolutions" in production, science and technology, culture, and ideology. In keeping with the underlying theme of a new beginning associated with reunification, the constitution also stressed the need to develop a new political system, a new economy, a new culture, and a new socialist person.
1377:
Another feature is the concept of socialist legality, which dictates that "the state manage society according to law and constantly strengthen the socialist legal system." The concept, introduced at the Third
National Party Congress in 1960, calls for achieving socialist legality through the state,
1366:
The 1980 Vietnamese
Constitution concentrates power in a newly established Council of State, much like the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, endowing it nominally with both legislative and executive powers. Many functions of the legislature remain the same as under the 1959 document, but others have
1329:
According to the 1946 constitution, the president of the republic, was the head of government, rather than a ceremonial head of state. The president also had significantly more power than the current office of president. The later 1959 constitution turned the president into a ceremonial head, while
1381:
The 1980 Constitution comprises 147 articles, in 12 chapters, dealing with numerous subjects, including the basic rights and duties of citizens. Article 67 guarantees the citizens' rights to freedom of speech, the press, assembly, association, and the freedom to demonstrate. These rights, however,
1354:
and demonstrated a certain independence from the Soviet model of state organization. The 1980 Constitution was drafted when
Vietnam faced a serious threat from China, and political and economic dependence on the Soviet Union had increased. Perhaps, as a result, the completed document resembles the
1341:
While the 1946 constitution was a superficially liberal democratic document, its 1959 successor was a fully communist document. Its preamble defined the DRV as a "people's democratic state led by the working class", thus codifying the actual state of affairs that had prevailed since 1945. The
490:
1382:
were subject to a caveat stating that, "no one may misuse democratic freedoms to violate the interests of the state and the people." In practice, the party and the government had considerable latitude to determine what was in "the interests of the state and the people."
1358:
The reunification of North and South
Vietnam (the former Republic of Vietnam) in 1976 provided the primary motivation for revising the 1959 constitution. Revisions were made along ideological lines set forth at the Fourth National Congress of the
1398:, Vietnam adopted a new constitution in April 1992. The 1992 constitution adopted a "socialist oriented market economy", which allowed the development of private economic sectors, but it largely retained the previous constitutional structure.
471:
1291:
also had two constitutions, adopted in 1956 and 1967. Neither of these constitutional documents is in force, as the 1967 Constitution was abrogated when the government of the
Republic of Vietnam collapsed in 1975.
516:
793:
478:
452:
509:
551:
339:
1622:
1537:
Mark Sidel, "Analytical Models for
Understanding Constitutions and Constitutional Dialogue in Socialist Transitional States: Re-Interpreting Constitutional Dialogue in Vietnam", 6
1310:
2536:
2516:
1333:
Despite the changes in later constitution, the current
Vietnamese government still heavily praises it, calling it "one of the world's most democratic constitution at the time."
504:
305:
862:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
736:
2679:
2541:
874:
788:
466:
310:
867:
1370:
Among the innovative features of the 1980 document is the concept of "collective mastery" of society, a frequently used expression attributed to the late party secretary
970:
1656:
409:
397:
521:
2531:
2521:
2506:
2501:
882:
416:
404:
392:
2017:
987:
445:
1665:
433:
1693:
1303:
1280:
2760:
2742:
2337:
1631:
1274:
2892:
1415:
1154:
440:
2614:
1791:
562:
2607:
2526:
2027:
1619:
557:
428:
3318:
3210:
1530:
Pip Nicholson, "Vietnamese Legal Institutions in Comparative Perspective: Constitutions and Courts Considered", in K Jayasuriya (ed.),
1295:
Upon political reunification of the country in 1976, the 1960 Constitution of the Democratic Republic became the constitution of the
1045:
3259:
2652:
2647:
2098:
1941:
983:
978:
2304:
1966:
764:
2950:
2292:
2127:
1986:
1032:
1028:
1657:
Resolution on amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1992
1127:
230:
2684:
2297:
2200:
1014:
1009:
703:
196:
3372:
3281:
2642:
2637:
2342:
963:
165:
2185:
2755:
2750:
2737:
2511:
1686:
857:
649:
3464:
3424:
3128:
2877:
2833:
2270:
2190:
2111:
1776:
1147:
744:
2705:
2195:
2180:
3135:
2579:
2022:
830:
664:
3004:
2887:
2882:
2260:
1981:
1886:
1378:
its organizations, and its people. Law, in effect, is made subject to the decisions and directives of the party.
3459:
3242:
2909:
2865:
2347:
2167:
1679:
1267:
3301:
2899:
2722:
2255:
1991:
1296:
840:
603:
592:
3056:
3021:
2602:
2466:
2132:
2091:
1936:
1901:
1856:
1208:
1140:
1002:
136:
2175:
3384:
2987:
2943:
2823:
2700:
2461:
2402:
2238:
2147:
2142:
2137:
1826:
1821:
1716:
935:
825:
716:
547:
1572:
Nguyen Phuong-Khanh, "Introduction to the 1980 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam", 7(3)
954:
892:
817:
797:
624:
483:
421:
3068:
3051:
3028:
2850:
2657:
2629:
2493:
2357:
2282:
2265:
1946:
1921:
1836:
1816:
1766:
1736:
1726:
1501:
Khng, Russell Heng Hiang. "The 1992 Revised Constitution of Vietnam: Background and Scope of Changes."
1360:
1063:
920:
385:
3237:
2973:
2938:
2574:
2562:
2332:
2327:
2248:
2032:
1911:
1906:
1786:
1600:
Bernard Fall, "Constitution-Writing in a Communist State – The New Constitution of North Vietnam", 6
1459:
899:
728:
645:
618:
153:
3479:
3155:
3025:
2968:
2855:
2845:
2828:
2717:
2287:
2157:
1976:
1926:
1881:
1861:
1851:
1751:
1708:
1637:
1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as adopted in 1992 (without 2001 amendments)
1523:
Russell H K Heng, "The 1992 Revised Constitution of Vietnam: Background and Scope of Changes", 4:3
1323:
835:
3469:
3377:
3200:
3170:
3088:
3046:
2471:
2314:
2084:
1866:
1846:
1731:
1721:
1326:
similar to the French constitution; it allowed for multiple parties to participate in elections.
1091:
1086:
1299:. Since then, the Vietnamese government adopted two constitutions before the 2013 Constitution:
678:
457:
3340:
2933:
2921:
2840:
2790:
2476:
1996:
1931:
1896:
1831:
1811:
1801:
1761:
1746:
1741:
1233:
Chapter III: The Economy, Society, Culture, Education, Science, Technology, and the Environment
1223:
The current constitution, known as the 2013 Constitution, contains a preamble and 11 chapters:
1058:
1050:
567:
2810:
902:
656:
3360:
3350:
3325:
3269:
3061:
2586:
2569:
2451:
2037:
1956:
1916:
1891:
1871:
1806:
1781:
1771:
1756:
698:
693:
285:
671:
3474:
3345:
3335:
3330:
3220:
3123:
2999:
2960:
2928:
2710:
2619:
2557:
2322:
2226:
1876:
1841:
1796:
1081:
945:
889:
850:
813:
599:
290:
148:
124:
1215:
adopted by the Vietnamese state since the political reunification of the country in 1976.
8:
3355:
3291:
3227:
3160:
3150:
3118:
3113:
3106:
3041:
3016:
2904:
2727:
2671:
2439:
2414:
2397:
2392:
2380:
2375:
2277:
2006:
1636:
1288:
1188:
1176:
1040:
845:
295:
254:
242:
131:
28:
3195:
1472:
William J. Duiker, "The Constitutional System of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam", in
3417:
3394:
3389:
3286:
3232:
3187:
3101:
2916:
2872:
2795:
2778:
2243:
2119:
1641:
1309:
1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, adopted on April 25, 1992, and
1018:
2800:
1391:
3274:
3254:
3215:
3165:
3145:
3096:
3011:
2860:
2818:
2061:
685:
182:
109:
33:
Front page of the Constitution on the Official Gazette, released on December 29, 2013
803:
495:
3433:
3367:
3308:
3296:
3249:
3175:
3078:
3036:
2409:
2365:
2152:
1632:
1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as amended 25 December 2001
755:
3264:
3140:
3073:
2387:
2370:
1626:
1121:
97:
91:
1517:
3438:
3205:
2483:
1207:. The current constitution was adopted on November 28, 2013, by the Thirteenth
1110:
925:
76:
1394:(market reforms) adopted by Vietnam beginning in 1986 and the collapse of the
1371:
3453:
2210:
2205:
2055:
1447:
316:
119:
94:
2419:
1395:
1212:
66:
2065:
1532:
Law, Capitalism and Power in Asia: The Rule of Law and Legal Institutions
1453:
1351:
1200:
610:
1671:
1257:
Chapter XI: The Effect of the Constitution and Amending the Constitution
1116:
234:
172:
140:
86:
1196:
160:
1254:
Chapter X: The National Electoral Council and the State Audit Office
263:
2076:
1593:
Bernard Fall, "North Viet-Nam's Constitution and Government", 33:3
1488:
Son, Bui Ngoc. "The Law of China and Vietnam in Comparative Law."
2107:
1446:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1204:
59:
1586:
Bernard Fall, "North Viet-Nam's New Draft Constitution", 32:2
3313:
1518:
General reading and the 1992 Constitution and 2001 amendments
1230:
Chapter II: Human Rights, Basic Civil Rights and Civic Duties
1248:
Chapter VIII: The People's Court and the People's Procuracy
1576:
347 (1981) (including the text of the 1980 Constitution).
1350:
The 1959 document had been adopted during the tenure of
1642:
1959 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1281:
1959 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1275:
1946 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1620:
2013 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
1539:
Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law
1452:
Ronald J. Cima (December 1987). Ronald J. Cima (ed.).
1304:
1980 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
215:
1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
1474:
Constitutional Systems in Late Twentieth Century Asia
199:
The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
1211:
and took effect on January 1, 2014, being the third
1553:The Constitution of Vietnam: A Contextual Analysis
950:Steering Committee of the Central Judicial Reform
1666:Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
1193:Hiến pháp nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam
1185:Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
49:Hiến pháp nước Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam
22:Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
3451:
47:
1548:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
1451:
2092:
1687:
1148:
1330:giving de facto power to the party leader.
2099:
2085:
1694:
1680:
1416:"Hiến pháp 1946 Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa"
1155:
1141:
27:
1701:
1668:(1946, 1959, 1980 and 1992 constitutions)
1261:
883:Council for National Defense and Security
1580:
1566:
241:
114:3 (executive, legislative and judiciary)
2166:
1218:
765:Vietnam General Confederation of Labour
3452:
1647:
2685:National Defense and Security Council
2080:
1675:
1242:Chapter VI: President of the Republic
704:Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs
2106:
1484:
1482:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1385:
1345:
1336:
1317:
2512:Permanent Member of the Secretariat
1613:
1562:, Lund: Jurisförlaget i Lund, 2006.
1236:Chapter IV: Defence of the Homeland
13:
1512:
14:
3491:
1608:
1479:
1422:
745:Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union
2517:History of central officeholders
2060:
2051:
2050:
1659:(2001 constitutional amendments)
1555:, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2009.
1441:
1322:The 1946 constitution adopted a
1239:Chapter V: The National Assembly
1115:
1104:
262:
225:
3319:Traditional musical instruments
1306:, adopted on December 19, 1980.
1283:, adopted on December 31, 1959.
2018:British Indian Ocean Territory
1495:
1466:
1408:
1277:, adopted on November 9, 1946.
1270:(DRV) had two constitutions:
1268:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
231:Constitution of Vietnam (2013)
1:
2537:Central Inspection Commission
1401:
1297:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
1205:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
306:Central Propaganda Department
1476:(Lawrence W. Beer ed., 1992)
1251:Chapter IX: Local Government
581:Provincial People's Councils
7:
2680:Central Military Commission
2542:Central Military Commission
1525:Contemporary Southeast Asia
1503:Contemporary Southeast Asia
1462:. Constitutional Evolution.
1245:Chapter VII: The Government
1227:Chapter I: Political System
1010:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
789:Central Military Commission
311:Central Theoretical Council
10:
3496:
2648:Supreme People's Procuracy
1546:Law and Society in Vietnam
1534:, London: Routledge, 1999.
1361:Vietnamese Communist Party
1064:Vietnam and the World Bank
979:Supreme People's Procuracy
699:Governor of the State Bank
3411:
3186:
3087:
2995:
2986:
2959:
2786:
2777:
2736:
2693:
2670:
2628:
2595:
2550:
2492:
2447:
2438:
2356:
2313:
2234:
2225:
2118:
2046:
2005:
1965:
1707:
1460:Federal Research Division
224:
219:
211:
191:
181:
171:
159:
147:
130:
118:
108:
103:
85:
75:
65:
55:
43:
38:
26:
21:
3465:Constitutions by country
1767:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1455:Vietnam: A Country Study
1324:semi-presidential system
1087:Administrative divisions
2028:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1574:Review of Socialist Law
1173:Constitution of Vietnam
1169:Vietnamese Constitution
769:Viet Nam Farmer's Union
3129:Language and computers
2878:Science and Technology
2638:Supreme People's Court
2580:Deputy Prime Ministers
2371:Hong (Red) River Delta
1262:Previous constitutions
1192:
1180:
1029:Diplomatic missions of
964:Supreme People's Court
665:Deputy Prime Ministers
247:
166:Supreme People's Court
48:
16:Supreme law of Vietnam
3460:Government of Vietnam
3361:Person Dignity Theory
1702:Constitutions of Asia
1581:The 1959 Constitution
1567:The 1980 Constitution
1560:Judicial Independence
841:Air Defense-Air Force
772:Vietnam Women’s Union
505:Inspection Commission
286:Collective leadership
246:The 2013 Constitution
245:
2883:Traditional medicine
2761:Self-Defence Militia
2305:World Heritage Sites
2261:Environmental issues
1942:United Arab Emirates
1219:Current constitution
125:President of Vietnam
104:Government structure
3356:Ho Chi Minh Thought
2532:Central Secretariat
1969:limited recognition
1648:Vietnamese language
1289:Republic of Vietnam
1122:Politics portal
875:Civil Defence Force
810:Commander-in-Chief
467:Military Commission
296:Ho Chi Minh Thought
255:Politics of Vietnam
206:, December 29, 2013
98:socialist republic
77:Date effective
3395:Vietnamese studies
3107:Overseas community
2900:Telecommunications
2653:Procurator-General
2608:Standing Committee
2298:Endangered species
1625:2014-11-13 at the
1602:Howard Law Journal
1181:Hiến pháp Việt Nam
1111:Vietnam portal
984:Procurator-General
802:Deputy Secretary:
723:Central Committee
558:Standing Committee
248:
3447:
3446:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3373:Traditional games
3057:Human trafficking
2982:
2981:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2666:
2665:
2603:National Assembly
2522:National Congress
2507:General Secretary
2502:Central Committee
2467:Foreign relations
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2403:Central Highlands
2221:
2220:
2186:Chinese dominated
2074:
2073:
2011:other territories
1386:1992 Constitution
1346:1980 Constitution
1337:1959 Constitution
1318:1946 Constitution
1209:National Assembly
1165:
1164:
1046:Visa requirements
1003:Foreign relations
940:Justice Committee
936:National Assembly
749:Central Committee
737:Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà
548:National Assembly
417:General Secretary
405:Central Committee
393:National Congress
240:
239:
183:Electoral college
137:National Assembly
71:November 28, 2013
3487:
3427:
3420:
3085:
3084:
2993:
2992:
2824:Renewable energy
2814:
2806:
2784:
2783:
2691:
2690:
2490:
2489:
2462:Fatherland Front
2445:
2444:
2311:
2310:
2232:
2231:
2164:
2163:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2023:Christmas Island
1709:Sovereign states
1696:
1689:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1664:
1655:
1614:English language
1506:
1505:(1992): 221-230.
1499:
1493:
1490:Fordham Int'l LJ
1486:
1477:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1390:In light of the
1157:
1150:
1143:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1108:
1107:
973:
955:Nguyễn Phú Trọng
798:Nguyễn Phú Trọng
752:First Secretary
739:
735:Gen. Secretary:
731:
717:Fatherland Front
688:
681:
674:
659:
627:
613:
513:
491:Deputy Secretary
484:Nguyễn Phú Trọng
475:
453:Permanent Member
449:
437:
422:Nguyễn Phú Trọng
413:
401:
291:Marxism–Leninism
266:
250:
249:
229:
228:
207:
205:
200:
51:
31:
19:
18:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3480:1992 in Vietnam
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3399:
3182:
3083:
3069:Public holidays
3052:Sex trafficking
2978:
2955:
2851:Five-Year Plans
2812:
2804:
2765:
2740:
2738:Public Security
2732:
2689:
2662:
2658:Military Courts
2624:
2591:
2546:
2494:Communist Party
2488:
2426:
2352:
2348:Electoral units
2309:
2266:Protected areas
2217:
2196:French colonial
2162:
2114:
2105:
2075:
2070:
2042:
2010:
2001:
1982:Northern Cyprus
1968:
1961:
1703:
1700:
1663:(in Vietnamese)
1662:
1654:(in Vietnamese)
1653:
1650:
1627:Wayback Machine
1616:
1611:
1595:Pacific Affairs
1588:Pacific Affairs
1583:
1569:
1520:
1515:
1513:Further reading
1510:
1509:
1500:
1496:
1492:41 (2017): 135.
1487:
1480:
1471:
1467:
1442:
1440:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1388:
1348:
1339:
1320:
1311:amended in 2001
1264:
1221:
1161:
1132:
1128:Other countries
1114:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1055:
1037:
1025:
1005:
995:
994:
971:Nguyễn Hòa Bình
969:Chief Justice:
968:
931:
930:
910:
909:
903:Phạm Minh Chính
898:Vice-chairman:
893:Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
885:
863:Security forces
858:Public Security
818:Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
784:
776:
775:
734:
726:
719:
709:
708:
684:
677:
670:
657:Phạm Minh Chính
655:
641:
633:
632:
625:Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
623:
609:
595:
585:
584:
578:
543:
535:
534:
507:
469:
443:
431:
407:
395:
388:
386:Communist Party
378:
377:
372:
335:
325:
324:
278:
257:
226:
203:
198:
195:
81:January 1, 2014
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3493:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3470:Law of Vietnam
3467:
3462:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:Folk religions
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3093:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3031:hybrid variant
3019:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2974:Rail transport
2971:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2834:Power stations
2831:
2826:
2816:
2808:
2805:("Renovation")
2798:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2697:
2695:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2575:Prime Minister
2572:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2563:Vice President
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2338:District-level
2335:
2330:
2328:Municipalities
2325:
2319:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2271:National parks
2263:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2249:Climate change
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:External links
1607:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1494:
1478:
1465:
1421:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1387:
1384:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1006:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
991:
990:
976:
975:
974:
961:
960:
959:
958:
957:
943:
942:
941:
932:
929:
928:
923:
917:
916:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
906:
905:
900:Prime Minister
896:
881:
879:
878:
877:
872:
871:
870:
865:
855:
854:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
822:
821:
808:
807:
806:
804:Phan Văn Giang
800:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
770:
767:
762:
761:
760:
759:
758:
750:
742:
741:
740:
732:
720:
715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
690:
689:
682:
675:
672:Trần Lưu Quang
662:
661:
660:
646:Prime Minister
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
629:
628:
619:Vice President
616:
615:
614:
596:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
577:
576:
575:
574:
573:
572:
571:
570:
568:Trần Thanh Mẫn
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
531:
530:
529:
528:
527:
526:
525:
524:
502:
501:
500:
499:
498:
496:Phan Văn Giang
488:
487:
486:
464:
463:
462:
461:
460:
438:
426:
425:
424:
389:
384:
383:
380:
379:
376:
375:
374:
373:
371:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
344:
336:
331:
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
321:
320:
313:
308:
302:Organizations
300:
299:
298:
293:
288:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
259:
258:
253:
238:
237:
222:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
193:
189:
188:
185:
179:
178:
175:
169:
168:
163:
157:
156:
154:Prime Minister
151:
145:
144:
134:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
112:
106:
105:
101:
100:
89:
83:
82:
79:
73:
72:
69:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
45:
44:Original title
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3492:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:Ethnic groups
3134:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:Air transport
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:Manufacturing
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Foreign trade
2844:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2829:Nuclear power
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Chief Justice
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:South Central
2396:
2394:
2393:North Central
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2343:Commune-level
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2212:
2211:South Vietnam
2209:
2207:
2206:North Vietnam
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:South Ossetia
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1541:42-89 (2002).
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1504:
1498:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1475:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1448:public domain
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1343:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:), fully the
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:Bùi Thanh Sơn
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
999:
998:
989:
985:
982:
981:
980:
977:
972:
967:
966:
965:
962:
956:
952:
951:
949:
948:
947:
944:
939:
938:
937:
934:
933:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
914:
913:
904:
901:
897:
894:
891:
887:
886:
884:
880:
876:
873:
869:
868:Police forces
866:
864:
861:
860:
859:
856:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
827:
824:
823:
819:
815:
812:
811:
809:
805:
801:
799:
795:
792:
791:
790:
787:
786:
780:
779:
771:
768:
766:
763:
757:
756:Bùi Quang Huy
754:
753:
751:
748:
747:
746:
743:
738:
733:
730:
725:
724:
722:
721:
718:
713:
712:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673:
669:
668:
666:
663:
658:
654:
653:
651:
647:
644:
643:
637:
636:
626:
622:
621:
620:
617:
612:
608:
607:
605:
601:
598:
597:
594:
589:
588:
580:
579:
569:
566:
565:
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
555:
553:
549:
546:
545:
539:
538:
523:
520:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
506:
503:
497:
494:
493:
492:
489:
485:
482:
481:
480:
477:
476:
473:
468:
465:
459:
456:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
442:
439:
435:
430:
427:
423:
420:
419:
418:
415:
414:
411:
406:
403:
402:
399:
394:
391:
390:
387:
382:
381:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
343:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
329:
328:
319:
318:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
301:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
281:
280:
274:
273:
270:
269:
265:
261:
260:
256:
252:
251:
244:
236:
232:
223:
218:
214:
210:
202:
201:
194:
190:
186:
184:
180:
176:
174:
170:
167:
164:
162:
158:
155:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
135:
133:
129:
126:
123:
121:
120:Head of state
117:
113:
111:
107:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
88:
84:
80:
78:
74:
70:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
3378:Martial arts
3201:Architecture
3171:Christianity
3089:Demographics
3047:Prostitution
3005:Universities
2951:Water supply
2801:
2711:Border Guard
2706:Ground Force
2694:Armed forces
2472:Human rights
2457:Constitution
2456:
2420:Mekong Delta
2007:Dependencies
1951:
1937:Turkmenistan
1902:Saudi Arabia
1601:
1594:
1587:
1573:
1559:
1558:To Van-Hoa,
1552:
1551:Mark Sidel,
1545:
1544:Mark Sidel,
1538:
1531:
1524:
1502:
1497:
1489:
1473:
1468:
1454:
1410:
1396:Eastern Bloc
1389:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1349:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1294:
1286:
1265:
1222:
1213:constitution
1184:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1102:
1092:Human rights
851:Border Guard
831:Ground Force
729:Đỗ Văn Chiến
686:Lê Minh Khái
679:Trần Hồng Hà
333:Constitution
332:
315:
197:
56:Jurisdiction
3475:1992 in law
3341:Nationalism
3292:News Agency
3243:Ingredients
2934:Expressways
2922:Visa policy
2888:Measurement
2841:Foreign aid
2791:Agriculture
2728:Coast Guard
2596:Legislative
2191:Monarchical
2176:Prehistoric
2066:Asia portal
1967:States with
1887:Philippines
1827:South Korea
1822:North Korea
1717:Afghanistan
1604:157 (1960).
1597:282 (1960).
1590:178 (1959).
1527:221 (1992).
1352:Ho Chi Minh
1287:The former
1201:supreme law
1197:fundamental
1059:Foreign aid
1051:Visa policy
988:Lê Minh Trí
846:Coast Guard
542:Legislative
522:Trần Cẩm Tú
458:Lương Cường
441:Secretariat
3454:Categories
3351:Trotskyism
3326:Philosophy
3302:Newspapers
3287:Television
3282:Mass media
3270:Literature
3062:Corruption
2910:Censorship
2893:Inventions
2866:Automotive
2813:(currency)
2570:Government
2452:Censorship
2256:Ecoregions
1947:Uzbekistan
1922:Tajikistan
1837:Kyrgyzstan
1817:Kazakhstan
1737:Bangladesh
1727:Azerbaijan
1402:References
1195:), is the
1189:Vietnamese
1177:Vietnamese
1033:in Vietnam
953:Director:
888:Chairman:
727:Chairman:
694:Ministries
593:Presidency
235:Wikisource
212:Supersedes
173:Federalism
141:unicameral
3346:Socialism
3336:Communism
3331:Anarchism
3260:Festivals
3221:Animation
3124:Phonology
3000:Education
2961:Transport
2929:Transport
2861:Standards
2723:Air Force
2630:Judiciary
2620:Elections
2587:Ministers
2558:President
2551:Executive
2527:Politburo
2415:Southeast
2381:Northwest
2376:Northeast
2323:Provinces
2315:Divisions
2227:Geography
2133:Dynasties
2033:Hong Kong
1987:Palestine
1912:Sri Lanka
1907:Singapore
1787:Indonesia
1082:Elections
946:President
921:Judiciary
890:President
814:President
794:Secretary
640:Executive
600:President
479:Secretary
429:Politburo
282:Concepts
220:Full text
161:Judiciary
149:Executive
92:One-party
3434:Category
3228:Clothing
3161:Buddhism
3151:Religion
3119:Alphabet
3114:Language
3042:Gambling
3022:COVID-19
3017:HIV/AIDS
2944:Airports
2939:Railways
2905:Internet
2756:Security
2672:Military
2615:Chairman
2440:Politics
2410:Southern
2366:Northern
2293:Molluscs
2278:Wildlife
2201:Republic
2168:Timeline
2148:Monarchs
2143:Military
2138:Economic
2128:Capitals
2112:articles
2056:Category
1977:Abkhazia
1927:Thailand
1882:Pakistan
1862:Mongolia
1857:Maldives
1852:Malaysia
1752:Cambodia
1623:Archived
1076:See also
1041:Passport
1015:Minister
895:(acting)
820:(acting)
783:Military
563:Chairman
517:Chairman
317:Nhân Dân
277:Ideology
192:Citation
132:Chambers
110:Branches
67:Ratified
39:Overview
3418:Outline
3390:Theater
3385:Symbols
3233:Cuisine
3188:Culture
3102:Eunuchs
2988:Society
2917:Tourism
2873:Poverty
2802:Doi Moi
2796:Banking
2779:Economy
2743:Militia
2388:Central
2358:Regions
2283:Mammals
2244:Climate
2239:Borders
2181:Ancient
2120:History
2108:Vietnam
1952:Vietnam
1867:Myanmar
1847:Lebanon
1777:Georgia
1732:Bahrain
1722:Armenia
1392:Doi Moi
1372:Le Duan
1203:of the
1171:or the
472:2020–25
340:History
95:unitary
60:Vietnam
3439:Portal
3368:Sports
3275:Poetry
3255:Emblem
3238:Dishes
3216:Cinema
3211:Awards
3196:Anthem
3166:Taoism
3146:Racism
3097:People
3012:Health
2819:Energy
2751:Police
2333:Cities
2110:
1997:Taiwan
1932:Turkey
1897:Russia
1832:Kuwait
1812:Jordan
1802:Israel
1762:Cyprus
1747:Brunei
1742:Bhutan
1450:.
611:Tô Lâm
87:System
3425:Index
3314:V-pop
3309:Music
3297:Voice
3250:Dance
3176:Islam
3079:Women
3037:Crime
3026:Delta
2811:Đồng
2288:Birds
2158:Naval
2153:Names
2038:Macau
1957:Yemen
1917:Syria
1892:Qatar
1872:Nepal
1807:Japan
1782:India
1772:Egypt
1757:China
204:(PDF)
3265:Flag
3141:Name
3074:Time
3029:cron
3024:and
2741:and
2718:Navy
2701:Army
2477:LGBT
1877:Oman
1842:Laos
1797:Iraq
1792:Iran
1266:The
1199:and
1167:The
836:Navy
826:Army
650:list
604:list
552:14th
510:13th
446:13th
434:13th
410:13th
398:13th
368:2013
363:1992
358:1980
353:1959
348:1946
3206:Art
2484:Law
2009:and
926:Law
652:):
233:at
3456::
1481:^
1458:.
1424:^
1191::
1179::
1031:/
1017::
986::
816::
796::
667::
606:)
554:)
187:No
177:No
2100:e
2093:t
2086:v
1695:e
1688:t
1681:v
1418:.
1313:.
1187:(
1175:(
1156:e
1149:t
1142:v
648:(
602:(
550:(
512:)
508:(
474:)
470:(
448:)
444:(
436:)
432:(
412:)
408:(
400:)
396:(
143:)
139:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
