Civics - Knowledge

2267:. Now the succession belonging to Agis by law, Agesilaus, who in all probability was to be but a private man, was educated according to the usual discipline of the country, hard and severe, and meant to teach young men to obey their superiors. Whence it was that, men say, Simonides called Sparta "the tamer of men," because by early strictness of education, they, more than any nation, trained the citizens to obedience to the laws, and made them tractable and patient of subjection, as horses that are broken in while colts. The law did not impose this harsh rule on the heirs apparent of the kingdom. But Agesilaus, whose good fortune it was to be born a younger brother, was consequently bred to all the arts of obedience, and so the better fitted for the government, when it fell to his share; hence it was that he proved the most popular-tempered of the Spartan kings, his early life having added to his natural kingly and commanding qualities the gentle and humane feelings of a citizen.Translated by 2408:. It is a thing worthy of very great consideration, that in that excellent, and, in truth, for its perfection, prodigious form of civil regimen set down by Lycurgus, though so solicitous of the education of children, as a thing of the greatest concern, and even in the very seat of the Muses, he should make so little mention of learning; as if that generous youth, disdaining all other subjection but that of virtue, ought to be supplied, instead of tutors to read to them arts and sciences, with such masters as should only instruct them in valour, prudence, and justice; an example that Plato has followed in his laws. The manner of their discipline was to propound to them questions in judgment upon men and their actions; and if they commended or condemned this or that person or fact, they were to give a reason for so doing; by which means they at once sharpened their understanding, and learned what was right. Translated by 2591:. "Amongst the persons there the most renowned for their learning all their wisdom in state matters was one Thales, whom Lycurgus, by importunities and assurances of friendship, persuaded to go over to Lacedaemon; where, though by his outward appearance and his own profession he seemed to be no other than a lyric poet, in reality he performed the part of one of the ablest lawgivers in the world. The very songs which he composed were exhortations to obedience and concord, and the very measure and cadence of the verse, conveying impressions of order and tranquility, had so great an influence on the minds of the listeners, that they were insensibly softened and civilized, insomuch that they renounced their private feuds and animosities, and were reunited in a common admiration of virtue. So that it may truly be said that Thales prepared the way for the discipline introduced by Lycurgus." 2781:, Part II, Chapter 29. In summe, I cannot imagine, how anything can be more prejudiciall to a Monarchy, than the allowing of such books to be publikely read, without present applying such correctives of discreet Masters, as are fit to take away their Venime; Which Venime I will not doubt to compare to the biting of a mad Dogge, which is a disease the Physicians call Hydrophobia, or Fear Of Water. For as he that is so bitten, has a continuall torment of thirst, and yet abhorreth water; and is in such an estate, as if the poyson endeavoured to convert him into a Dogge: So when a Monarchy is once bitten to the quick, by those Democraticall writers, that continually snarle at that estate; it wanteth nothing more than a strong Monarch, which neverthelesse out of a certain Tyrannophobia, or feare of being strongly governed, when they have him, they abhorre. 2392:.The Iren, or under-master, used to stay a little with them after supper, and one of them he bade to sing a song, to another he put a question which required an advised and deliberate answer; for example, Who was the best man in the city? What he thought of such an action of such a man? They used them thus early to pass a right judgment upon persons and things, and to inform themselves of the abilities or defects of their countrymen. If they had not an answer ready to the question Who was a good or who an ill-reputed citizen, they were looked upon as of a dull and careless disposition, and to have little or no sense of virtue and honor; besides this, they were to give a good reason for what they said, and in as few words and as comprehensive as might be; he that failed of this, or answered not to the purpose, had his thumb bit by his master. 2766:, Part II, Chapter 21. And as Aristotle; so Cicero, and other Writers have grounded their Civill doctrine, on the opinions of the Romans, who were taught to hate Monarchy, at first, by them that having deposed their Soveraign, shared amongst them the Soveraignty of Rome; and afterwards by their Successors. And by reading of these Greek, and Latine Authors, men from their childhood have gotten a habit (under a false shew of Liberty,) of favouring tumults, and of licentious controlling the actions of their Soveraigns; and again of controlling those controllers, with the effusion of so much blood; as I think I may truly say, there was never any thing so deerly bought, as these Western parts have bought the learning of the Greek and Latine tongues. 2316:. Lycurgus was of another mind; he would not have masters bought out of the market for his young Spartans, nor such as should sell their pains; nor was it lawful, indeed, for the father himself to breed up the children after his own fancy; but as soon as they were seven years old they were to be enrolled in certain companies and classes, where they all lived under the same order and discipline, doing their exercises and taking their play together. Of these, he who showed the most conduct and courage was made captain; they had their eyes always upon him, obeyed his orders, and underwent patiently whatsoever punishment he inflicted; so that the whole course of their education was one continued exercise of a ready and perfect obedience. 2814:, Book I, Section VII, Paragraph 10. Neither hath learning an influence and operation only upon civil merit and moral virtue, and the arts or temperature of peace and peaceable government; but likewise it hath no less power and efficacy in enablement towards martial and military virtue and prowess, as may be notably represented in the examples of Alexander the Great and Cæsar the Dictator (mentioned before, but now in fit place to be resumed), of whose virtues and acts in war there needs no note or recital, having been the wonders of time in that kind; but of their affections towards learning and perfections in learning it is pertinent to say somewhat. 2373:. "They taught them, also, to speak with a natural and graceful raillery, and to comprehend much matter of thought in few words. For Lycurgus, who ordered, as we saw, that a great piece of money should be but of an inconsiderable value, on the contrary would allow no discourse to be current which did not contain in few words a great deal of useful and curious sense; children in Sparta, by a habit of long silence, came to give just and sententious answers; for, indeed, as loose and incontinent livers are seldom fathers of many children, so loose and incontinent talkers seldom originate many sensible words." 2435:. "Nor was their instruction in music and verse less carefully attended to than their habits of grace and good breeding in conversation. And their very songs had a life and spirit in them that inflamed and possessed men's minds with an enthusiasm and ardor for action; the style of them was plain and without affectation; the subject always serious and moral; most usually, it was in praise of such men as had died in defense of their country, or in derision of those that had been cowards; the former they declared happy and glorified; the life of the latter they described as most miserable and abject." 1560:

assail them with equal success in practice—but are taught to consider that the schemes of our enemies are not dissimilar to our own, and that the freaks of chance are not determinable by calculation. In practice we always base our preparations against an enemy on the assumption that his plans are good; indeed, it is right to rest our hopes not on a belief in his blunders, but on the soundness of our provisions. Nor ought we to believe that there is much difference between man and man, but to think that the superiority lies with him who is reared in the severest school.

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What their sentiments were will better appear by a few of their sayings. Paedaretus, not being admitted into the list of the three hundred, returned home with a joyful face, well pleased to find that there were in Sparta three hundred better men than himself. And Polycratidas, being sent with some others ambassador to the lieutenants of the king of Persia, being asked by them whether they came in a private or in a public character, answered, "In a public, if we succeed; if not, in a private character."'

3629: 4831: 2609:. That other leading city of Greece, Lacedaemon, considering that Lycurgus their lawgiver was so addicted to elegant learning, as to have been the first that brought out of Ionia the scattered works of Homer, and sent the poet Thales from Crete to prepare and mollify the Spartan surliness with his smooth songs and odes, the better to plant among them law and civility, it is to be wondered how museless and unbookish they were, minding nought but the feats of war. 1402: 582: 4845: 3593: 3618: 2691:. Book I, Section IV. "And then, that I did not fall into the ambition of ordinary sophists, either to write tracts concerning the common theorems, or to exhort men unto virtue and the study of philosophy by public orations; as also that I never by way of ostentation did affect to show myself an active able man, for any kind of bodily exercises. And that I gave over the study of rhetoric and poetry, and of elegant neat language." 2632:. "Here he had the first sight of Homer's works, in the hands, we may suppose, of the posterity of Creophylus; and, having observed that the few loose expressions and actions of ill example which are to be found in his poems were much outweighed by serious lessons of state and rules of morality, he set himself eagerly to transcribe and digest them into order, as thinking they would be of good use in his own country." 2478:. "The truth is, he took in their case, also, all the care that was possible; he ordered the maidens to exercise themselves with wrestling, running, throwing the quoit, and casting the dart, to the end that the fruit they conceived might, in strong and healthy bodies, take firmer root and find better growth, and withal that they, with this greater vigor, might be the more able to undergo the pains of child bearing." 3605: 2796:, Part IV, Chapter 47. From Aristotles Civill Philosophy, they have learned, to call all manner of Common-wealths but the Popular, (such as was at that time the state of Athens,) Tyranny. All Kings they called Tyrants; and the Aristocracy of the thirty Governours set up there by the Lacedemonians that subdued them, the thirty Tyrants: As also to call the condition of the people under the Democracy, Liberty. 2335:. The old men, too, had an eye upon them, coming often to the grounds to hear and see them contend either in wit or strength with one another, and this as seriously and with as much concern as if they were their fathers, their tutors, or their magistrates; so that there scarcely was any time or place without someone present to put them in mind of their duty, and punish them if they had neglected it. 2512:, Part II, Chapter 21. And because the Athenians were taught, (to keep them from desire of changing their Government,) that they were Freemen, and all that lived under Monarchy were slaves; therefore Aristotle puts it down in his Politiques,(lib.6.cap.2) "In democracy, Liberty is to be supposed: for 'tis commonly held, that no man is Free in any other Government." 1839:, and in Argos spent his boyhood. There, when he grew to man's estate, first, as is the duty of strangers settled in another land, he showed no pique or jealousy against the state, became no quibbler, chiefest source of annoyance citizen or stranger can give, but took his stand amid the host, and fought for 2458:

bred up his citizens in such a way that they neither would nor could live by themselves; they were to make themselves one with the public good, and, clustering like bees around their commander, be by their zeal and public spirit carried all but out of themselves, and devoted wholly to their country.

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the importance in civic education of following expert opinion, rather than majority opinion. Socrates uses the analogy of the training gymnast, who he implies ought to follow his gymnastics trainer, not whatever the majority of people think about gymnastics. Crito also hears Socrates' argument that a

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Again, that secrets he neither had many, nor often, and such only as concerned public matters: his discretion and moderation, in exhibiting of the public sights and shows for the pleasure and pastime of the people: in public buildings. congiaries, and the like. In all these things, having a respect

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However, the youth were also required to express themselves forcefully and succinctly, as well to think and reflect on matters of civic virtue, including such questions as who is or is not a good citizen of Sparta. Montaigne would later praise this particular technique of education, admiring the way

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And we are wise, because we are educated with too little learning to despise the laws, and with too severe a self-control to disobey them, and are brought up not to be too knowing in useless matters—such as the knowledge which can give a specious criticism of an enemy's plans in theory, but fails to

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That I lived under the government of my lord and father, who would take away from me all pride and vainglory, and reduce me to that conceit and opinion that it was not impossible for a prince to live in the court without a troop of guards and followers, extraordinary apparel, such and such torches

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considered education of the citizenry to be his main priority as framer of the Spartan constitution. Plutarch observes that 'the whole course of education was one of continued exercise of a ready and perfect obedience' in which 'there scarcely was any time or place without someone present to put

2836:, Book II, Section XXII, Paragraph 13. But is it not true also, that much less young men are fit auditors of matters of policy, till they have been thoroughly seasoned in religion and morality; lest their judgments be corrupted, and made apt to think that there are no true differences of things 1992:

is that they teach "the virtues of democratic deliberation for the sake of future citizenship." This type of education is often alluded to in the deliberative democracy literature as fulfilling the necessary and fundamental social and institutional changes necessary to develop a democracy that

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They adduce that for this purpose schools must encourage ethical behavior and personal responsibility. In order to achieve these goals schools must allow students the three great freedoms—freedom of choice, freedom of action and freedom to bear the results of action—that constitute personal

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Essentially, the Spartan ideal of civic education was a process whereby the interest of the citizen becomes totally united with the interest of the polity, in a spirit of perfect patriotism: 'To conclude, Lycurgus bred up his citizens in such a way that they neither would nor could live by

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and statues, and other like particulars of state and magnificence; but that a man may reduce and contract himself almost to the state of a private man, and yet for all that not to become the more base and remiss in those public matters and affairs, wherein power and authority is requisite.

1815:, to lead life of ease; his home was in the fields, and gladly would he school his nature to hardships with a view to manliness, aye hasting to the chase, rejoicing in his steeds or straining of his bow, because he would make himself of use unto his state. 2297:. In order to the good education of their youth (which, as I said before, he thought the most important and noblest work of a lawgiver), he went so far back as to take into consideration their very conception and birth, by regulating their marriages. 1596:

Simonides called Sparta "the tamer of men," because by early strictness of education, they, more than any nation, trained the citizens to obedience to the laws, and made them tractable and patient of subjection, as horses that are broken in while

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Spartan citizens spent their time learning to acquire virtues such as courage and temperance, to the exclusion of studying any other subject. Spartan boys were also taught music and songs in praise of courage and in condemnation of cowardice.

2706:. Book I, Section VIII. "Of Fronto, to how much envy and fraud and hypocrisy the state of a tyrannous king is subject unto, and how they who are commonly called , i.e. nobly born, are in some sort incapable, or void of natural affection." 2241:. One asking to this purpose, Agesilaus, what he thought most proper for boys to learn? "What they ought to do when they come to be men," said he.——It is no wonder, if such an institution produced so admirable effects. Translated by 1930:, saying that it wrongly encouraged monarchical subjects to restrain the actions of their monarchs. He thought that those citizens who imbibed the value of democracy from classic works were likely to oppose monarchy in the manner 1631:

themselves; they were to make themselves one with the public good, and, clustering like bees around their commander, be by their zeal and public spirit carried all but out of themselves, and devoted wholly to their country.

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He it was also that did put me in the first conceit and desire of an equal commonwealth, administered by justice and equality; and of a kingdom wherein should be regarded nothing more than the good and welfare of the

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Civic education for toughness and martial prowess was not only within the purview of Spartan men: Plutarch recounts how Lycurgus 'ordered the maidens to exercises themselves with wrestling, running, throwing the

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in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger.

1884:, who he said kept careful watch of government administration and finances, was open to hearing ideas about how to serve the common good, and cared neither for ambition nor pandering to the popular will: 1655:

provides insight into Athens' sharply contrasting form of civic education from Sparta, for personal freedom, rather than blind obedience, where he boasts that Athens is 'the school of Hellas', since:

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as he were her own son, glad at heart whenso the city prospered, deeply grieved if e'er reverses came; many a lover though he had midst men and maids, yet was he careful to avoid offence.

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Reading and writing they gave them, just enough to serve their turn; their chief care was to make them good subjects, and to teach them to endure pain and conquer in battle.

1773:, 'prepare and mollify the Spartan surliness with his smooth songs and odes, the better to plant among them law and civility'. Plutarch also spoke of the deep influence of 1871:, to refrain from rhetoric and giving hortatory lectures, and to perceive the defects of tyranny. From his brother he imbibed a specific ideal for the Roman state: 1952:, Bacon also argues that civic education should be preceded by religious and moral education, so that those who judge policy will not be under the influence of 1934:

dogs avoid water. Hobbes was deeply uncomfortable with Aristotelian civic education, which he said advised popular governance instead of monarchical rule.

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The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world

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One asking to this purpose, Agesilaus, what he thought most proper for boys to learn? "What they ought to do when they come to be men," said he.

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Such another was Hippomedon, third of all this band; from his very boyhood he refrained from turning towards the allurements of the

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believed that the Athenians were only taught to think they had personal freedom in order to discourage them from seeking reform.

1423: 2191: 2892: 2925: 1500:, and government with especial attention to the political role of the citizens in the operation and oversight of government. 2146: 2003: 1416: 4238: 3796: 3695: 2672:. Book I, Section III. "Not to be offended with other men's liberty of speech, and to apply myself unto philosophy." 1804: 478: 4352: 4221: 3609: 1539: 84: 4807: 4154: 4055: 3545: 2073: 2013: 1301: 3633: 2195: 4314: 3948: 3502: 3156: 2997: 1108: 1063: 603: 473: 251: 99: 3667: 3109: 2965: 934: 488: 4474: 3953: 3450: 3360: 2043: 1889:

unto men only as men, and to the equity of the things themselves, and not unto the glory that might follow.

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He also describes how the Spartans limited civic education so as to maintain social control over the young:

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of civic education for the Spartan virtues of toughness, obedience, cunning, simplicity, and preparedness:

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citizen ought to obey his city's laws partly because it was his city which educated him for citizenship.

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involves intensive participation in group decision making, negotiation, and social life of consequence.

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was aware of the relevance of civic education to what he termed 'civil merit'. However, in his essay

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scolds fellow tragedian Euripides for writing scenes pernicious to proper ideals of citizenship:

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comprehends the city politics that affect the political decisions of the citizenry of a city.

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Aurelius was also taught by his father how to live as a public figure restrained by modesty:

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Civic education is the study of the theoretical, political, and practical aspects of

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received his civic education for endurance, martial skill, and service to the state:

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During his diatribe, he emphasises the importance of poetry to civic education:

1639:, and chasing the dart' with a view to creating healthy children for the state. 4863: 4671: 4589: 4178: 4144: 4095: 4080: 3852: 3757: 3737: 3727: 3622: 3470: 3382: 3377: 3134: 3055: 3050: 2981: 2409: 2242: 2028: 1972: 1964: 1881: 1474: 1384: 1315: 1220: 1053: 967: 464: 383: 337: 279: 4879: 4717: 4676: 4562: 4542: 4514: 4464: 4429: 4403: 4398: 4391: 4342: 4282: 4122: 4112: 4070: 3993: 3988: 3918: 3877: 3801: 3573: 3529: 3492: 3422: 3397: 3307: 3205: 3151: 3146: 2827: 2805: 2503: 2156: 2088: 2038: 2008: 1943: 1919: 1664: 1548: 1271: 1166: 1068: 1058: 899: 388: 366: 341: 171: 1922:

heavily criticised the emphasis in contemporary civic education on studying

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Greenberg, D. (1992), Education in America – A View from Sudbury Valley,

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Greenberg, D. (1992), Education in America – A View from Sudbury Valley,

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them in mind of their duty, and punish them if they had neglected it.'

1544: 1497: 1473:, meaning "relating to a citizen". In U.S. politics, in the context of 1330: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1262: 1103: 894: 776: 771: 635: 545: 535: 530: 269: 131: 2569: 4742: 4707: 4649: 4624: 4489: 4386: 4374: 4359: 4347: 4275: 4193: 4166: 4050: 3352: 3249: 3178: 3072: 3045: 2641: 2033: 2023: 1976: 1790: 1712: 1707: 1589: 1133: 1027: 1017: 1012: 997: 992: 982: 856: 817: 806: 801: 791: 756: 724: 668: 663: 430: 328: 211: 166: 146: 4830: 4791: 4776: 4479: 4364: 4161: 3705: 2258: 1828: 1762: 1689: 1607: 1585: 1452: 1205: 766: 736: 679: 553: 513: 196: 181: 161: 30: 3617: 2950: 2899:

Free at Last – The Sudbury Valley School. Retrieved June 25, 2010.

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Study of the rights and obligations of citizenry and government

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Greenberg, D. (1987), The Sudbury Valley School Experience,

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received his education for citizenship in his adopted city:

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Greenberg, D. (1987) The Sudbury Valley School Experience

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between Spartan education of citizens and horse husbandry:

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responsibility. The "strongest, political rationale" for

1959: 1831:'s son, Parthenopaeus, a youth of peerless beauty; from 3645: 2141:. Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Francis. p. 6. 1880:He also followed the example of his adopted father 1867:tells of how he was educated as a citizen to value 2851:"'Ethics' is a Course Taught By Life Experience." 4877: 2128: 2890:Chapter 35, "With Liberty and Justice for All," 2877:"Democracy Must be Experienced to be Learned." 2176:Frederick Converse Beach, George Edwin Rines, 3661: 2966: 1424: 604: 2910:Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations. 1765:would later speak of the power of the poet 1752:Small children have a teacher helping them, 3668: 3654: 2973: 2959: 2138:Citizenship Education And The Modern State 1431: 1417: 611: 597: 2869: 2170: 1754:for young men there's the poets—we've got 648:List of countries by system of government 4813:History of the American legal profession 2908:Bynum, W.F. and Porter, R. (eds) (2005) 2134: 1902: 1728:with their own brothers, and then claim 1551:wherein he stressed the importance for 4878: 2943:Philosophy of Education: An Anthology. 2864:"Teaching Justice Through Experience." 2531:Apology, Crito, and Phaedo of Socrates 1960:Additional thoughts on civic education 1781:, framer of the Spartan constitution. 1522: 3649: 2954: 2935: 2915: 2902: 2882: 2856: 2843: 1769:to, in the words of the English poet 1742:no one's trained in that these days. 3604: 2213:The History of the Peloponnesian War 2185: 2004:Civic education in the United States 1756:a solemn duty to say useful things. 2980: 1443:In the field of political science, 13: 1734:is crammed with bureaucratic types 1711:, the character of the playwright 14: 4897: 3797:Restitution and unjust enrichment 2650:. Translated by E. P. Coleridge. 2564:, Lines 1260–1300. Translated by 1642: 1606:According to the Roman historian 1527: 479:Biology and political orientation 4844: 4843: 4829: 3627: 3616: 3603: 3592: 3591: 2923:"Back to Basics – Moral basics." 1720:What crimes is he not guilty of? 1540:History of the Peloponnesian War 1400: 580: 4808:History of the legal profession 3546:List of social science journals 2821: 2799: 2784: 2769: 2754: 2739: 2724: 2709: 2694: 2679: 2657: 2635: 2616: 2594: 2575: 2549: 2519: 2497: 2481: 2462: 2438: 2419: 2395: 2376: 2357: 2338: 2319: 2074:Participation (decision making) 2014:Citizenship education (subject) 1847: 1835:he came even to the streams of 1730:that living is no life? So now, 3503:Science and technology studies 2912:Oxford University Press. 21:9. 2300: 2281: 2252: 2228: 2201: 2116: 1726:in holy shrines and having sex 1488:manifest as political rights, 1109:Intergovernmental organisation 1064:Separation of church and state 474:Theories of political behavior 100:Political history of the world 1: 2945:Blackwell Publishing. p. 163. 2652:The Internet Classics Archive 2110: 1696: 1663:However, English philosopher 1588:relates a comparison made by 1532: 489:Critique of political economy 2044:Global citizenship education 1819:Adrastus also describes how 1740:Nobody carries on the torch— 1738:who always cheat our people. 1732:because of him our city here 1724:pimps and women giving birth 1722:Did he not put up on display 1580: 1503:Moreover, in the history of 906:(socio-political ideologies) 70:Outline of political science 7: 2833:The Advancement of Learning 2811:The Advancement of Learning 2104:Civic education in Tanzania 1996: 1949:The Advancement of Learning 1852: 1784: 1647: 1601: 974:(socio-economic ideologies) 644:List of forms of government 10: 4902: 4475:International legal theory 3954:International slavery laws 3949:International human rights 3944:International criminal law 1981:learned through experience 1736:and stupid democratic apes 1449:civil and political rights 75:Index of politics articles 4823: 4800: 4690: 4528:Administration of justice 4513: 4422: 4313: 4192: 4094: 3815: 3683: 3587: 3554: 3538: 3285: 3011: 2988: 1907: 1827:Next behold the huntress 1777:'s 'lessons of state' on 1653:Pericles' Funeral Oration 1095:(geo-cultural ideologies) 4305:Basic structure doctrine 4155:Natural and legal rights 4036:Public international law 2932:Retrieved June 25, 2010. 2879:Retrieved June 25, 2010. 2866:Retrieved June 25, 2010. 2853:Retrieved June 25, 2010. 2054:Index of civics articles 1937: 1670: 4485:Principle of typicality 3959:International trade law 3675: 3191:international relations 2736:. Book I, Section XIII. 2135:Kennedy, Kerry (1997). 1358:Administrative division 1302:International relations 484:Political organisations 247:International relations 85:Politics by subdivision 3518:Quantum social science 2751:. Book I, Section XIV. 2049:History of citizenship 1918:, English philosopher 1900: 1891: 1878: 1845: 1817: 1801:King Adrastus of Argos 1759: 1745: 1661: 1624: 1599: 1578: 1562: 4480:Principle of legality 4239:Delegated legislation 3939:Intellectual property 3555:Other categorizations 3408:International studies 3393:History of technology 3328:Communication studies 3211:public administration 2888:Greenberg, D. (1987) 2721:. Book I, Section XI. 2492:, Book II, Chapter VI 2490:The Peloponnesian War 2215:, Book I, Chapter III 1895: 1886: 1873: 1825: 1809: 1749: 1717: 1657: 1620: 1610:, the semi-legendary 1594: 1574: 1557: 1368:Democratic transition 1231:Self-governing colony 828:Military dictatorship 564:Political campaigning 304:Public administration 137:Collective leadership 4698:Barristers' chambers 4640:Legal representation 4578:Justice of the peace 3924:Financial regulation 3388:Historical sociology 1942:English philosopher 1903:Early Modern England 1447:is the study of the 414:Separation of powers 285:Political psychology 260:Comparative politics 238:political scientists 225:Academic disciplines 105:Political philosophy 4733:Election commission 4445:Expressive function 3974:Landlord–tenant law 3873:Consumer protection 3568:Geisteswissenschaft 3562:Behavioral sciences 3488:Political sociology 3403:Information science 3348:Development studies 2402:Michel de Montaigne 2235:Michel de Montaigne 2196:Oxford Dictionaries 2094:Spatial Citizenship 2069:Legal socialisation 1983:as Aristotle said: 1928:Roman republicanism 1566:Michel de Montaigne 1547:quotes a speech by 1523:Philosophical views 1511:also refers to the 1451:and obligations of 1407:Politics portal 1292:Supranational union 1201:Dependent territory 1114:National government 587:Politics portal 436:Election commission 407:Government branches 290:Political sociology 142:Confessional system 80:Politics by country 4886:Active citizenship 4691:Legal institutions 4558:Lawsuit/Litigation 4548:Dispute resolution 4353:Catholic canon law 4061:State of emergency 4024:Will and testament 3748:Law of obligations 3701:Constitutional law 3691:Administrative law 3623:Society portal 3110:auxiliary sciences 2941:Curren, R. (2007) 2928:2011-05-11 at the 2895:2011-05-11 at the 2406:Book I, Chapter 24 2273:Arthur Hugh Clough 2239:Book I, Chapter 24 1990:democratic schools 1924:Athenian democracy 1612:Lycurgus of Sparta 270:Political analysis 202:Semi-parliamentary 4873: 4872: 4533:Constitutionalism 4455:Law and economics 4293:Act of parliament 4031:Product liability 3984:Legal archaeology 3909:Environmental law 3903:Entertainment law 3743:International law 3643: 3642: 3483:Political economy 3478:Political ecology 3333:Community studies 3323:Cognitive science 3286:Interdisciplinary 3186:Political science 2838:Project Gutenberg 2816:Project Gutenberg 2674:Project Gutenberg 2611:Project Gutenberg 2544:Project Gutenberg 2514:Project Gutenberg 2414:Project Gutenberg 2277:Project Gutenberg 2247:Project Gutenberg 2223:Project Gutenberg 2148:978-1-136-36864-6 2079:Political Science 1677:Socratic dialogue 1463:derives from the 1441: 1440: 1392: 1391: 1363:Democracy indices 1338: 1337: 1141: 1140: 950:Semi-presidential 875: 874: 621: 620: 569:Political parties 509:Electoral systems 233:Political science 207:Semi-presidential 119:Political systems 95:Political history 90:Political economy 4893: 4848: 4847: 4846: 4834: 4833: 4657:Question of fact 4538:Criminal justice 3868:Construction law 3863:Conflict of laws 3828:Agricultural law 3670: 3663: 3656: 3647: 3646: 3631: 3621: 3620: 3607: 3606: 3595: 3594: 3498:Regional science 3343:Cultural studies 3318:Business studies 2975: 2968: 2961: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2939: 2933: 2919: 2913: 2906: 2900: 2886: 2880: 2873: 2867: 2860: 2854: 2847: 2841: 2825: 2819: 2803: 2797: 2788: 2782: 2773: 2767: 2758: 2752: 2743: 2737: 2728: 2722: 2713: 2707: 2698: 2692: 2683: 2677: 2661: 2655: 2639: 2633: 2620: 2614: 2598: 2592: 2579: 2573: 2553: 2547: 2538:. Translated by 2523: 2517: 2501: 2495: 2485: 2479: 2466: 2460: 2454:. "To conclude, 2442: 2436: 2423: 2417: 2399: 2393: 2380: 2374: 2361: 2355: 2342: 2336: 2323: 2317: 2304: 2298: 2285: 2279: 2256: 2250: 2232: 2226: 2217:. Translated by 2205: 2199: 2189: 2183: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2019:Civic engagement 1954:moral relativism 1912:In his treatise 1686:Crito of Alopece 1564:French essayist 1433: 1426: 1419: 1405: 1404: 1352: 1351: 1196:Associated state 1154: 1153: 1129:Internationalism 1119:World government 1096: 975: 907: 888: 887: 862:Free association 849: 810: 729: 672: 660: 659: 623: 622: 613: 606: 599: 585: 584: 375: 320: 275:Political theory 265:Election science 255: 241: 19: 18: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4891: 4890: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4842: 4828: 4819: 4796: 4787:Political party 4760:Legal education 4748:Law enforcement 4728:Court of equity 4686: 4662:Question of law 4615:Practice of law 4595:Judicial review 4509: 4460:Legal formalism 4440:Comparative law 4435:Contract theory 4418: 4338:Legal pluralism 4309: 4298:Act of Congress 4222:Executive order 4188: 4090: 4009:Nationality law 3934:Immigration law 3858:Competition law 3811: 3679: 3674: 3644: 3639: 3615: 3583: 3550: 3534: 3508:Science studies 3292:Administration 3281: 3007: 2984: 2982:Social sciences 2979: 2949: 2940: 2936: 2930:Wayback Machine 2920: 2916: 2907: 2903: 2897:Wayback Machine 2887: 2883: 2874: 2870: 2861: 2857: 2848: 2844: 2826: 2822: 2804: 2800: 2790:Thomas Hobbes. 2789: 2785: 2775:Thomas Hobbes. 2774: 2770: 2760:Thomas Hobbes. 2759: 2755: 2744: 2740: 2729: 2725: 2714: 2710: 2699: 2695: 2684: 2680: 2664:Marcus Aurelius 2662: 2658: 2640: 2636: 2621: 2617: 2599: 2595: 2580: 2576: 2570:johnstoniatexts 2566:Ian C. Johnston 2554: 2550: 2524: 2520: 2502: 2498: 2486: 2482: 2467: 2463: 2443: 2439: 2424: 2420: 2400: 2396: 2381: 2377: 2362: 2358: 2343: 2339: 2324: 2320: 2305: 2301: 2286: 2282: 2257: 2253: 2233: 2229: 2219:Richard Crawley 2206: 2202: 2190: 2186: 2175: 2171: 2161: 2159: 2149: 2133: 2129: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2064:Legal awareness 1999: 1965:Sudbury schools 1962: 1940: 1910: 1905: 1865:Marcus Aurelius 1855: 1850: 1787: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1699: 1673: 1650: 1645: 1604: 1583: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1437: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1380:Democratisation 1373:Autocratization 1349: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1296: 1257: 1236:Tributary state 1226:Satellite state 1181: 1151: 1150:Power structure 1143: 1142: 1094: 1093: 1075: 1046: 1032: 1023:Totalitarianism 973: 972: 954: 905: 904: 885: 877: 876: 871: 847: 839: 804: 796: 727: 719: 666: 657: 656:Source of power 634:Basic forms of 628:Politics series 617: 579: 574: 573: 504: 503: 494: 493: 451: 450: 441: 440: 409: 408: 399: 398: 394:Public interest 379:Domestic policy 369: 362: 361: 350: 349: 314: 307: 306: 295: 294: 256: 249: 242: 235: 227: 226: 217: 216: 122: 121: 110: 109: 65: 64: 55: 24:Politics series 17: 12: 11: 5: 4899: 4889: 4888: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4860: 4853: 4839: 4836:Law portal 4824: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4815: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4672:Trial advocacy 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4519: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4395: 4394: 4384: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4356: 4355: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4319: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4209: 4204: 4202:Ballot measure 4198: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4179:Legal treatise 4176: 4175: 4174: 4169: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4147: 4145:Letters patent 4142: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4106: 4100: 4098: 4096:Sources of law 4092: 4091: 4089: 4088: 4083: 4081:Unenforced law 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3853:Commercial law 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3719: 3718: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3673: 3672: 3665: 3658: 3650: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3625: 3613: 3601: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3564: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3451:social science 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3383:Global studies 3380: 3378:Gender studies 3375: 3370: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3361:social science 3357:Environmental 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3247: 3246: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3183: 3182: 3181: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3097: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3056:macroeconomics 3053: 3051:microeconomics 3043: 3042: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2978: 2977: 2970: 2963: 2955: 2948: 2947: 2934: 2914: 2901: 2881: 2868: 2855: 2842: 2820: 2798: 2783: 2768: 2753: 2738: 2723: 2708: 2693: 2678: 2656: 2647:The Suppliants 2634: 2625:Parallel Lives 2615: 2593: 2584:Parallel Lives 2574: 2548: 2518: 2496: 2480: 2471:Parallel Lives 2461: 2447:Parallel Lives 2437: 2428:Parallel Lives 2418: 2410:Charles Cotton 2394: 2385:Parallel Lives 2375: 2366:Parallel Lives 2356: 2347:Parallel Lives 2337: 2328:Parallel Lives 2318: 2309:Parallel Lives 2299: 2290:Parallel Lives 2280: 2264:Parallel Lives 2251: 2243:Charles Cotton 2227: 2200: 2184: 2169: 2147: 2127: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2029:Digital civics 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1973:social justice 1961: 1958: 1939: 1936: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1882:Antoninus Pius 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1803:describes how 1796:The Suppliants 1786: 1783: 1750: 1718: 1698: 1695: 1672: 1669: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1643:Ancient Athens 1641: 1603: 1600: 1582: 1579: 1568:commended how 1534: 1531: 1529: 1528:Ancient Sparta 1526: 1524: 1521: 1475:urban planning 1439: 1438: 1436: 1435: 1428: 1421: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1385:Hybrid regimes 1382: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1365: 1360: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1316:Regional power 1313: 1305: 1304: 1298: 1297: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1266: 1265: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1221:Puppet monarch 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1190: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1161: 1160: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1098: 1097: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1056: 1054:State religion 1048: 1047: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 977: 976: 971: 970: 965: 959: 956: 955: 953: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 925:Constitutional 922: 917: 909: 908: 903: 902: 897: 891: 886: 884:Power ideology 883: 882: 879: 878: 873: 872: 870: 869: 864: 859: 851: 850: 848:(rule by none) 841: 840: 838: 837: 832: 831: 830: 820: 812: 811: 798: 797: 795: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 731: 730: 721: 720: 718: 717: 712: 707: 702: 700:Representative 697: 692: 687: 682: 674: 673: 658: 655: 654: 651: 650: 639: 638: 631: 630: 619: 618: 616: 615: 608: 601: 593: 590: 589: 576: 575: 572: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 550: 549: 533: 528: 523: 522: 521: 511: 505: 501: 500: 499: 496: 495: 492: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 458: 452: 449:Related topics 448: 447: 446: 443: 442: 439: 438: 433: 428: 423: 417: 416: 410: 406: 405: 404: 401: 400: 397: 396: 391: 386: 384:Foreign policy 381: 376: 363: 357: 356: 355: 352: 351: 348: 347: 346: 345: 331: 326: 321: 308: 302: 301: 300: 297: 296: 293: 292: 287: 282: 280:Policy studies 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 245: 243: 231: 228: 224: 223: 222: 219: 218: 215: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 123: 117: 116: 115: 112: 111: 108: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 66: 63:Primary topics 62: 61: 60: 57: 56: 54: 53: 48: 43: 37: 34: 33: 27: 26: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4898: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4866: 4865: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4822: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4718:Civil society 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4677:Trier of fact 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4563:Legal opinion 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4543:Court-martial 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4515:Jurisprudence 4512: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4404:Statutory law 4402: 4400: 4399:Socialist law 4397: 4393: 4392:Byzantine law 4390: 4389: 4388: 4385: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4343:Religious law 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4315:Legal systems 4312: 4306: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4283:Statutory law 4281: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4113:Statutory law 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4071:Transport law 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3989:Legal fiction 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3919:Financial law 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3878:Corporate law 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3802:Statutory law 3800: 3798: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684:Core subjects 3682: 3678: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3612: 3611: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3574:Human science 3572: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3530:Vegan studies 3528: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3493:Public health 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3427:Philosophies 3426: 3424: 3423:Media studies 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3398:Human ecology 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3308:Anthrozoology 3306: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3233:developmental 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3206:public policy 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3157:legal systems 3155: 3153: 3152:legal history 3150: 3148: 3147:jurisprudence 3145: 3144: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3074: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2964: 2962: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2944: 2938: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2918: 2911: 2905: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2885: 2878: 2872: 2865: 2859: 2852: 2846: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2828:Francis Bacon 2824: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2807: 2806:Francis Bacon 2802: 2795: 2794: 2787: 2780: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2764: 2757: 2750: 2749: 2742: 2735: 2734: 2727: 2720: 2719: 2712: 2705: 2704: 2697: 2690: 2689: 2682: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2653: 2649: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2619: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2578: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2504:Thomas Hobbes 2500: 2493: 2491: 2484: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2379: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2353: 2352: 2348: 2341: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2322: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2303: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2284: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2181: 2180: 2173: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2131: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2089:Socialisation 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2059:Law and order 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2039:Global civics 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2009:Acculturation 2007: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1994: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1967:contend that 1966: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1944:Francis Bacon 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1920:Thomas Hobbes 1917: 1916: 1899: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1877: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1861: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1824: 1822: 1816: 1814: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1757: 1748: 1743: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1666: 1665:Thomas Hobbes 1660: 1656: 1654: 1640: 1638: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1549:Archidamus II 1546: 1542: 1541: 1520: 1518: 1517:Corona civica 1514: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1345: 1344: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1272:Confederation 1270: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1167:Unitary state 1165: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1147: 1146: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1079: 1078: 1070: 1069:State atheism 1067: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1059:Secular state 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1036: 1035: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 980: 979: 978: 969: 966: 964: 963:Authoritarian 961: 960: 958: 957: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 940:Parliamentary 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 912: 911: 910: 901: 898: 896: 893: 892: 890: 889: 881: 880: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 854: 853: 852: 846: 843: 842: 836: 833: 829: 826: 825: 824: 821: 819: 816: 815: 814: 813: 808: 803: 800: 799: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 734: 733: 732: 728:(rule by few) 726: 723: 722: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 677: 676: 675: 670: 665: 662: 661: 653: 652: 649: 646: 645: 641: 640: 637: 633: 632: 629: 625: 624: 614: 609: 607: 602: 600: 595: 594: 592: 591: 588: 583: 578: 577: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 547: 543: 539: 538: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 520: 517: 516: 515: 512: 510: 507: 506: 498: 497: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 466: 462: 459: 457: 454: 453: 445: 444: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 418: 415: 412: 411: 403: 402: 395: 392: 390: 389:Civil society 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 373: 368: 367:Public policy 365: 364: 360: 354: 353: 343: 339: 335: 334: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 318: 313: 310: 309: 305: 299: 298: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 253: 248: 244: 239: 234: 230: 229: 221: 220: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 187:Parliamentary 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 172:Hybrid regime 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 124: 120: 114: 113: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 67: 59: 58: 52: 49: 47: 44: 42: 39: 38: 36: 35: 32: 29: 28: 25: 21: 20: 4862: 4855: 4841: 4827: 4600:Jurisdiction 4568:Legal remedy 4523:Adjudication 4423:Legal theory 4261:Ratification 4256:Promulgation 4227:Proclamation 4207:Codification 4140:Human rights 4128:Divine right 4118:Constitution 4086:Women in law 4004:Military law 3999:Marriage law 3994:Maritime law 3893:Election law 3833:Aviation law 3823:Abortion law 3775:Property law 3711:Criminal law 3632: 3608: 3596: 3566: 3373:Food studies 3313:Area studies 3066:mathematical 3061:econometrics 3019:Anthropology 2942: 2937: 2917: 2909: 2904: 2884: 2871: 2858: 2845: 2832: 2823: 2810: 2801: 2792: 2786: 2777: 2771: 2762: 2756: 2747: 2741: 2732: 2726: 2717: 2711: 2702: 2696: 2687: 2681: 2668: 2659: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2624: 2618: 2606:Areopagitica 2605: 2596: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2560: 2556:Aristophanes 2551: 2535: 2530: 2521: 2508: 2499: 2489: 2487:Thucydides. 2483: 2474: 2470: 2464: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2431: 2427: 2421: 2397: 2388: 2384: 2378: 2369: 2365: 2359: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2331: 2327: 2321: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2293: 2289: 2283: 2271:. Edited by 2263: 2254: 2230: 2212: 2203: 2187: 2178: 2172: 2160:. Retrieved 2137: 2130: 2118: 2084:Public space 1984: 1963: 1947: 1941: 1913: 1911: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1879: 1874: 1858: 1856: 1848:Ancient Rome 1826: 1821:Parthenopeus 1818: 1810: 1794: 1788: 1760: 1751: 1746: 1719: 1706: 1703:Aristophanes 1700: 1688:learns from 1679: 1674: 1662: 1658: 1651: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1605: 1595: 1584: 1575: 1570:Agesilaus II 1563: 1558: 1538: 1536: 1516: 1508: 1505:Ancient Rome 1502: 1490:civil rights 1483: 1478: 1469: 1460: 1444: 1442: 1321:Middle power 1248:Vassal state 1242:Buffer state 1240: 1216:Puppet state 1211:Protectorate 1187:Client state 1177:Principality 1003:Distributism 945:Presidential 823:Dictatorship 747:Gerontocracy 669:rule by many 642: 626:Part of the 317:street-level 192:Presidential 152:Dictatorship 22:Part of the 4772:Legislature 4703:Bureaucracy 4500:Rule of man 4495:Rule of law 4470:Libertarian 4333:Chinese law 4234:Legislation 4184:Regulations 4172:Law reports 4150:Natural law 4046:Reparations 4041:Refugee law 3964:Jurimetrics 3905:(Media law) 3843:Banking law 3838:Amnesty law 3816:Disciplines 3753:Private law 3634:Wikiversity 3525:Social work 3413:Linguistics 3338:Criminology 3255:criminology 3238:personality 3196:comparative 3174:Linguistics 3167:private law 3024:archaeology 2748:Meditations 2733:Meditations 2718:Meditations 2703:Meditations 2688:Meditations 2669:Meditations 2601:John Milton 2269:John Dryden 1869:free speech 1860:Meditations 1771:John Milton 1761:Similarly, 1513:Civic Crown 1507:, the term 1498:civil codes 1486:citizenship 1477:, the term 1459:. The term 1326:Great power 1311:Small power 1253:Viceroyalty 1124:Nationalism 988:Colonialism 968:Libertarian 930:Directorial 807:rule by one 787:Technocracy 782:Stratocracy 762:Meritocracy 752:Kleptocracy 742:Aristocracy 456:Sovereignty 421:Legislature 324:Technocracy 312:Bureaucracy 177:Meritocracy 157:Directorial 4765:Law school 4645:Prosecutor 4583:Magistrate 4370:Jewish law 4328:Common law 4249:Rulemaking 4244:Regulation 4194:Law making 4133:Divine law 4109:Legal code 4056:Sports law 3979:Law of war 3929:Health law 3914:Family law 3898:Energy law 3848:Bankruptcy 3785:Punishment 3780:Public law 3579:Humanities 3513:historical 3446:psychology 3418:Management 3260:demography 3218:Psychology 3201:philosophy 3162:public law 3093:integrated 2745:Aurelius. 2730:Aurelius. 2715:Aurelius. 2700:Aurelius. 2685:Aurelius. 2622:Plutarch. 2581:Plutarch. 2540:Henry Cary 2468:Plutarch. 2444:Plutarch. 2425:Plutarch. 2382:Plutarch. 2363:Plutarch. 2344:Plutarch. 2325:Plutarch. 2306:Plutarch. 2287:Plutarch. 2208:Thucydides 2162:1 December 2111:References 1805:Hippomedon 1697:Aeschyslus 1545:Thucydides 1533:Archidamus 1331:Superpower 1287:Superstate 1282:Federation 1277:Devolution 1263:Federalism 1104:City-state 777:Plutocracy 772:Particracy 636:government 546:Governance 536:Government 531:Federalism 132:City-state 4743:Judiciary 4738:Executive 4713:The bench 4650:Solicitor 4625:Barrister 4505:Sociology 4490:Pseudolaw 4430:Anarchist 4387:Roman law 4375:Parsi law 4360:Hindu law 4348:Canon law 4323:Civil law 4276:Concordat 4167:Precedent 4076:Trust law 4051:Space law 3888:Drugs law 3758:Procedure 3696:Civil law 3457:Planning 3436:economics 3353:Education 3250:Sociology 3228:cognitive 3179:semiotics 3130:political 3088:technical 3073:Geography 3046:Economics 2793:Leviathan 2778:Leviathan 2763:Leviathan 2642:Euripides 2561:The Frogs 2509:Leviathan 2157:820719540 2034:Etiquette 2024:Community 1977:democracy 1915:Leviathan 1876:subjects. 1791:Euripides 1713:Aeschylus 1708:The Frogs 1590:Simonides 1581:Simonides 1515:, to the 1494:civil law 1158:Unitarism 1134:Globalism 1040:Religious 1028:Tribalism 1018:Socialism 1013:Feudalism 998:Despotism 993:Communism 983:Anarchism 920:Communist 867:Stateless 857:Anarchism 818:Despotism 802:Autocracy 792:Theocracy 757:Kritarchy 725:Oligarchy 710:Socialist 664:Democracy 526:Unitarism 514:Elections 502:Subseries 431:Judiciary 426:Executive 329:Adhocracy 212:Theocracy 167:Feudalism 147:Democracy 4880:Category 4850:Category 4792:Tribunal 4777:Military 4620:Attorney 4590:Judgment 4450:Feminist 4365:Jain law 4162:Case law 3883:Cyberlaw 3790:Corporal 3768:Criminal 3738:Evidence 3728:Doctrine 3706:Contract 3598:Category 3466:regional 3461:land use 3296:business 3265:internet 3223:abnormal 3125:military 3115:economic 3105:cultural 3078:physical 3039:physical 3029:cultural 2926:Archived 2893:Archived 2629:Lycurgus 2588:Lycurgus 2475:Lycurgus 2456:Lycurgus 2451:Lycurgus 2432:Lycurgus 2389:Lycurgus 2370:Lycurgus 2351:Lycurgus 2332:Lycurgus 2313:Lycurgus 2294:Lycurgus 2259:Plutarch 1997:See also 1979:must be 1853:Aurelius 1829:Atalanta 1793:tragedy 1785:Adrastus 1779:Lycurgus 1763:Plutarch 1690:Socrates 1648:Pericles 1608:Plutarch 1602:Lycurgus 1586:Plutarch 1453:citizens 1206:Dominion 935:Legalist 915:Absolute 900:Republic 895:Monarchy 767:Noocracy 737:Anocracy 690:Economic 680:Demarchy 554:Ideology 372:doctrine 333:Service 197:Republic 182:Monarchy 162:Federacy 51:Category 31:Politics 4864:Outline 4801:History 4708:The bar 4682:Verdict 4630:Counsel 4610:Justice 4465:History 4288:Statute 4104:Charter 4066:Tax law 4014:Probate 3610:Commons 3441:history 3431:science 3366:studies 3100:History 3012:Primary 2998:History 2993:Outline 1857:In his 1837:Inachus 1789:In the 1705:comedy 1701:In the 1675:In the 1537:In the 1470:civicus 1457:society 1348:Related 1043:Secular 1008:Fascism 845:Anarchy 835:Tyranny 695:Liberal 559:Culture 469:Country 127:Anarchy 41:Outline 4782:Police 4753:Agency 4635:Lawyer 4380:Sharia 4271:Treaty 4266:Repeal 4212:Decree 4123:Custom 4019:Estate 3969:Labour 3733:Equity 3301:public 3243:social 3135:social 3034:social 2155: 2145: 2123:Civics 2099:Voting 1969:values 1908:Hobbes 1833:Arcady 1767:Thales 1597:colts. 1553:Sparta 1509:civics 1496:, the 1479:civics 1461:civics 1445:civics 1172:Empire 1084:Global 715:Others 705:Social 685:Direct 519:voting 461:Polity 359:Policy 338:Public 252:theory 4857:Index 4723:Court 4667:Trial 4573:Judge 4414:Yassa 4217:Edict 3763:Civil 3716:Crime 3471:urban 3275:urban 3270:rural 3120:human 3083:human 3003:Index 2536:Crito 2526:Plato 2192:Civic 1938:Bacon 1932:rabid 1841:Argos 1813:Muses 1775:Homer 1681:Crito 1671:Crito 1637:quoit 1467:word 1465:Latin 1455:in a 1089:Local 542:forms 465:State 342:Civil 46:Index 4605:Jury 4553:Fiqh 4409:Xeer 3807:Tort 3723:Deed 3539:List 2164:2018 2153:OCLC 2143:ISBN 1975:and 1926:and 3677:Law 3142:Law 2194:at 4882:: 4111:/ 2830:. 2808:. 2666:. 2644:. 2627:, 2603:. 2586:, 2568:. 2558:. 2542:. 2534:. 2528:. 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