Knowledge

Celts (modern)

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3508:"Three Bronze Age individuals from Rathlin Island (2026–1534 cal BC), including one high coverage (10.5×) genome, showed substantial Steppe genetic heritage indicating that the European population upheavals of the third millennium manifested all of the way from southern Siberia to the western ocean. This turnover invites the possibility of accompanying introduction of Indo-European, perhaps early Celtic, language. Irish Bronze Age haplotypic similarity is strongest within modern Irish, Scottish, and Welsh populations, and several important genetic variants that today show maximal or very high frequencies in Ireland appear at this horizon. These include those coding for lactase persistence, blue eye color, Y chromosome R1b haplotypes, and the hemochromatosis C282Y allele; to our knowledge, the first detection of a known Mendelian disease variant in prehistory. These findings together suggest the establishment of central attributes of the Irish genome 4,000 y ago." 1951: 1829: 1576: 7291: 1845: 884: 1431: 1409: 644: 458: 5541: 1269: 849:
intellectual extension of modern British cultural colonialism, as well as for simplifying the anthropological correlation between material culture and ethnicity. Ruth and Vincent Megaw in the Antiquity article "The Mechanism of (Celtic) Dreams?': A Partial Response to Our Critics." attacked 'Celt-sceptics' for being motivated by English nationalism or anxieties about the decline of British imperial power.
273:(2010). It holds that a Celt is someone who uses a Celtic language or produces or uses a distinctive Celtic cultural expression (such as art or music) or has been referred to as a Celt in historical materials or has identified themselves or been identified by others as a Celt or has a demonstrated descent from the Celts (such as family history or DNA ancestry). 1713:
Attitudes and customs associated with the routine of the year's work, religious beliefs and practices survived the coming of Christianity in the conservative rural areas of much of the Celtic countries. All over these lands there were sacred places which had earned their status in pre-Christian times
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as its focus point. The celebrations are tied to the promotion of fertility and a fruitful growing season with the 'Obby 'Oss dancing to the music through streets decked out in flowers, and sycamore, ash and maple boughs. Shortly afterwards, on 8 May, the ancient rites of Spring are celebrated with
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came from Ireland, Scotland, and Scandinavia: studies of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomes indicate that 62% of Icelanders' matrilineal ancestry derives from Scotland and Ireland (with most of the rest being from Scandinavia), while 75% of their patrilineal ancestry derives from Scandinavia (with
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in the historic sense. The core of his argument was that the Iron Age peoples of Britain should be considered not as generic Celts, but as a mosaic of different societies, each with their own traditions and histories. Later in 1998, this line of reasoning came under criticism, being labelled an
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or inter-Celtic dimension, seen in many organisations and festivals operating across various Celtic countries. Celtic studies departments at many universities in Europe and beyond, have studied the various ancient and modern Celtic languages and associated history and folklore under one roof.
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In the late 20th century, some authors criticised the idea of modern Celtic identity, usually by downplaying the value of the linguistic component in defining culture and cultural connection, sometimes also arguing that there never was a common Celtic culture, even in ancient times. Malcolm
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Simon James, in 1998, wrote a response arguing that the rejection of a Celtic past was not 'nationalist' but partly due to archaeological evidence, and usually by a post-colonial and multi-cultural agenda with recognition that Britain has always been home to multiple identities.
1754:). In Gaelic folklore, it was considered a particularly dangerous time, when magical spirits wandered through the land, particularly at nightfall. The other important feast days that also continued to be celebrated under Christian guise, but often with a pagan spirit were 1423:" was adopted as a pan-Celtic anthem. Though there are links between Scots Gaelic and Irish Gaelic folk musics, very different musical traditions existed in Wales and Brittany. Nevertheless, Gaelic styles were adopted as typically Celtic even by Breton revivalists such as 1186:
is noted as a feature of the culture of the Celtic nations and regions and people with a Celtic heritage. Historically, some people in Celtic areas could recite their genealogy back though the generations as history, moving rhythmically from one name to another using only
976:, amongst others. These organisations ascribe to a definition of Celticity-based mainly upon language. Celtic languages have survived (or in some cases been revived) and continue to be used to varying degrees in these six geographical areas. There are also Celtic nomads: 1773:
In their pilgrimages the people combined the celebration of a holy place and a holy day. Pilgrimages are still an important feature of country life, particularly in Ireland, Brittany and Galicia. The most impressive pilgrimages include
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and which had only been gingerly adopted by the Christian church and given a garnish of Christian names or dedications, hills, stones, and especially wells which can still be seen festooned with rags in observance of an old ritual.
500:, 'our ancestors the Gauls') could be seen as an example of cultural assimilation. In the late Middle Ages, some French writers believed (incorrectly) that their language was primarily Celtic, rather than Latin. A similar use of 3518:
Jorgensen, Tove H.; Buttenschön, Henriette N.; Wang, August G.; Als, Thomas D.; Børglum, Anders D.; Ewald, Henrik (2004). "The origin of the isolated population of the Faroe Islands investigated using Y chromosomal markers".
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Certain days in the year were marked as festivals, and time was counted forward and backwards from them without reference to the ordinary calendar. In her fine study of the festival of the beginning of harvest, in Irish
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is an annual 3-day event that promotes the languages and cultures of the Celtic Nations and Regions in media. This festival takes place in a different Celtic nation every year and has been running since 1980.
1050:"can claim a Celtic cultural or historic heritage". These claims to Celticity are rooted in the long historical existence of Celts in these regions and ethnic connections to other Atlantic Celtic peoples (see 2395:, edited by Robert Tombs. London: HarperCollins Academic; Dietler, Michael (1994) "'Our ancestors the Gauls': archaeology, ethnic nationalism, and the manipulation of Celtic identity in modern Europe", 2037:. From the 1980s, public fascination with Celtic Art spawned a small industry in Celtic art books and reinterpretations of ancient Celtic art works, such as the works of Welsh artist Courtney Davies. 4728: 1246:
most of the rest being from the Irish and British Isles). In addition, there are some areas of the accepted Celtic countries whose population are mostly not of Celtic heritage: for example, the
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The claim that distinctly Celtic styles of music exist was made during the nineteenth century, and was associated with the revival of folk traditions and pan-Celtic ideology. The Welsh anthem "
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has been criticised as stemming from the difficulty that many English historians have with accepting Old Welsh as the language once spoken all over England. It was suggested by Colin Lewis in
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A number of activists on behalf of other regions/nations have also sought recognition as modern Celts, reflecting the wide diffusion of ancient Celts across Europe. Notable regions include
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Delegates at the Pan-Celtic Congress, Caernarfon, 1904. Back row: Maggie Jones (harpist of Arfon); Mrs Gruffydd Richards (chief harpist of Gwent), David Roberts (blind harpist of Mawddwy),
3426: 1062:). In 2009, the Gallaic Revival Movement, sponsored by the Liga Celtiga Galaica (the Galician Celtic League), claimed to be reconstructing the Q-Celtic Gallaic language based on the 623:
and its analogues in the other Celtic-speaking countries. Among the enduring products of this resurgence of interest in a romantic, pre-industrial, brooding, mystical Celticity are
6742: 316:) and their respective cultures and languages. Except for the Bretons (if discounting Norman and Channel Islander connections), all groups mentioned have been subject to strong 3752: 5501: 3459: 833:
in arguing against critics seemingly motivated by an English nationalist agenda opposed to further integration with Europe who saw modern Celtic identity as a threat.
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produced by the ancient Celts and early medieval Christianity, along with folk styles. Cultural events to promote "inter-Celtic" cultural exchange also emerged.
477:'Celt' has been adopted as a label of self-identification by a variety of peoples at different times. 'Celticity' can refer to the inferred links between them. 4747: 5051: 2512: 4839: 3652: 3045: 3004: 2269:
Celtic from the West Chapter 2: The Celts from everywhere and nowhere: a re-evaluation of the origins of the Celts and the emergence of Celtic cultures
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to enable use of Welsh's existing rich cultural basis rather than having to "reinvent the wheel" in much the same way as has been done successfully in
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has demonstrated the continuity between the myth known from the early Middle Ages and the customs which survive in the 21st century. Lughnasa, called
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A Celtic language did not survive in Galicia / Northern Portugal (together Gallaecia), Asturias nor Cantabria, and as such they fall outside of the
2963: 2544: 2682: 1508:, world music, scat singing and hip hop rapping in Celtic languages. Traditional rhythmic styles used to accompany dancing and now performed are 724:(Welsh Parliament). More broadly, distinct identities in opposition to that of the metropolitan capitals have been forged and taken strong root. 1844: 1206:
has by far its highest prevalence rate among people of Celtic ancestry. Other traits far more prevalent among people of Celtic ancestry include
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article "Celts, politics and motivation in archaeology" replied to Ruth and Vincent Megaw's article questioning the suitability of the term
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Recently, the Insular Celts have increasingly been seen as part of an Atlantic trading-networked culture speaking Celtic languages of the
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came in part from a visit to Galicia and in particular Santiago de Compostela. Some of her songs are about Celtic feast days such as
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were portrayed as a forerunner of the 19th-century struggles in defence of French nationalism, including the wars of both Napoleons (
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chants are sung around bonfires remembering a Celtic god. There are also modern attempts to revive the polytheistic religion of the
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Smaller minorities also have equally proud visions of themselves as irreducibly Welsh, Irish, Manx or Cornish. These identities are
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and the many others influenced by them. This image coloured not only the English perception of their neighbours on the so-called "
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Patrick Ryan, 'Celticity and storyteller identity: the use and misuse of ethnicity to develop a storyteller's sense of self',
4189:. Sydney, Australia: Sydney Series in Celtic Studies 2, Centre for Celtic Studies, University of Sydney. pp. 83–84, 112. 3575:
Goodacre, S; Helgason, A; Nicholson, J; Southam, L; Ferguson, L; Hickey, E; Vega, E; Stefánsson, K; Ward, R; Sykes, B (2005).
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identified as Celtic. Music typically drew on folk traditions within the Celtic nations. Art drew on the decorative styles of
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Similarly, there has been a rebirth of interest in fantasy fiction based on Celtic themes inspired by history and
659:, as opposed to regional, minorities has been periodically recognised by major British newspapers. For example, a 5132: 3085: 1967: 5058: 2519: 1987:
that revived ancient traditions based on the museum pieces that archaeologists had recovered. An example is the
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styles of singing are performed across the modern Celtic world due to the folk music revival, popularity of
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editorial in 1990 pointed to these differences, and said that they should be constitutionally recognised:
6181: 5446: 5016:.: This is primarily a descriptive cultural and commercial directory of the Scottish community of Québec. 3992: 1935: 837: 5002:(2006). "Celticism, Celtitude, and Celticity: the consumption of the past in the age of globalization". 1225:
have a population with a large Celtic heritage in genetic terms. Recent DNA analyses have revealed that
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Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2003, "Population characteristics: Ancestry of Australia's population"
2978: 2548: 355:). These were either Romanised or Germanised much earlier, before the Early Middle Ages. Nevertheless, 1093:
in about 1018. England as a whole comprises many distinct regions, and some of these regions, such as
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During the 19th century, French nationalists gave a privileged significance to their descent from the
7317: 6713: 6548: 6176: 1750:(evening of the saints), an important day and night and feast among the Celts (in Welsh it is called 1350: 747:
sections below, the richness of these aspects that have captured the world's attention are outlined.
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Some of the most vibrant aspects of modern Celtic culture are music, song and festivals. Under the
713: 200: 4065: 3978: 3939: 3103: 2426: 1214:, with 46% of Irish and at least 36% of Highland Scots being carriers of red-head variants of the 539:, spoken in classical times. The terms Goidelic and Brythonic were first used to describe the two 7312: 6764: 6412: 5958: 5677: 5496: 5386: 2303: 1934:, one of the original leads, also worked with The Chieftains. Flatley later put up his own show, 1924: 1543:
which "frequently involves the blending of traditional and modern forms, e.g. the Celtic-punk of
1385: 1215: 789:(loyalty to kin, mistrust of governmental authority, and military readiness), in contrast to the 548: 1950: 7232: 7151: 7114: 6186: 5476: 5471: 4976: 4079: 2721:"'The mechanism of (Celtic) dreams?': a partial response to our critics. - Free Online Library" 2440: 2093: 1856: 1779: 1707: 1683: 1494: 1292:
is composed of people whose ancestors were from one of the "Celtic nations". This concerns the
1090: 1035: 1019: 493: 3643:. Gaelic most common mother-tongue among Fathers of Confederation. URL accessed 26 April 2006. 3506:
Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome
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The concept of modern Celtic identity evolved during the course of the 19th century into the
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has been applied to a wide variety of peoples and cultural traits present and past. Today,
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in Dublin that soon developed into the Irish dance extravaganza the world came to know as
781:, controversially asserts that the early "pioneering" immigrants to North America were of 8: 7290: 7028: 6897: 6827: 6808: 6787: 6720: 6543: 6417: 6237: 6222: 6217: 6171: 6146: 5819: 5712: 5697: 5511: 5330: 5125: 3378: 2906: 1675: 1450:. The harp is considered to be the national instrument of Wales and is used to accompany 1207: 1145: 857: 821: 800: 717: 532: 436: 333: 321: 121: 6427: 4660: 4101: 4051: 2800: 1513: 1113:
can claim more Celtic heritage than others. In 2009, it was claimed that revival of the
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on the west coast of Ireland on the last Sunday in July (the beginning of harvest) and
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In 1996, Ruth Megaw and Emeritus Professor Vincent Megaw of Flinders University in the
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following the identification of the native peoples of the Atlantic fringe as Celts by
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in the 18th century. Lhuyd and others (notably the 17th century Breton chronologist
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Allons enfants de quelle patrie? Breton nationalism and the Impressionist aesthetic
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There are three areas outside Europe with communities of Celtic language speakers:
1305: 1251: 1130: 1114: 1086: 977: 628: 600: 540: 516:, the source of the nation code CH and the name used on postage stamps (Helvetia). 403: 255: 208: 172: 129: 117: 97: 70: 28: 4134: 2570: 2372: 466: 7130: 7068: 7008: 6971: 6943: 6905: 6870: 6850: 6633: 6623: 6608: 6495: 6302: 6166: 5929: 5784: 5743: 5733: 5577: 5516: 5436: 5431: 5416: 5411: 5324: 2884: 2877:"Information on The International Celtic Congress Douglas, Isle of Man hosted by" 2345: 2073: 2030: 2014: 2010: 1912: 1908: 1848: 1817: 1424: 1354: 1340: 1324: 1316: 1074: 1031: 1027: 1000: 989: 973: 926: 755: 462: 428: 364: 360: 329: 309: 149: 125: 3484: 2876: 2513:"The Great Starvation and British Imperialism in Ireland (University of Toledo)" 1430: 1073:
Elements of Celtic music, dance, and folklore can be found within England (e.g.
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variants) languages, and the people who speak them are considered modern Celts.
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CelticCountries.com – Monthly magazine on current affairs in the Celtic nations
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were developed in the early 1900s by enterprising island women to earn income.
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Celtoscepticism. A convenient excuse for ignoring non-archaeological evidence?
3532: 2634: 2245: 1408: 551:, during that century "people who spoke Celtic languages were seen as Celts." 73:, cultures and artistic histories, and who live in or descend from one of the 7306: 6966: 6938: 6845: 6837: 6579: 6531: 6317: 6265: 5994: 5934: 5924: 5824: 5799: 5590: 4989: 3730: 2098: 1988: 1920: 1747: 1679: 1641: 1609: 1556: 1521: 1517: 1461: 1380:
In some former British colonies, or particular regions within them, the term
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The USA has also taken part in discussions of modern Celticity. For example,
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At the same time, there was also a tendency to stress other heritages in the
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A Book of Mad Celts: John Wickens and the Celtic Congress of Caernarfon 1904
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The last of the Tinsmiths: The Life of Willy MacPhee, by Shelia Douglas 2006
1030:. Nevertheless, many organisations organised around Celticity consider that 643: 7284: 7077: 6865: 6389: 6343: 6282: 6191: 5968: 5946: 5939: 5381: 5306: 5296: 5228: 5004:
Celtes et Gaulois dans l’histoire, l’historiographie et l’idéologie moderne
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has to be borne in mind before branching out into other cultural domains.
215: 192: 93: 5573: 4255: 696:'s GDP per capita in the 1990s for the first time, was given the moniker " 328:
macro-culture. By the same token, the Bretons have been subject to strong
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from Brittany. Other traditional unaccompanied styles sung currently are
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These latter evolutions have proceeded hand in hand with the growth of a
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Weber, Eugen (1991) "Gauls versus Franks: conflict and nationalism", in
2156: 1904:. Fertility festivals like this used to be celebrated all over Britain. 883: 250:
Traditionally, the essential defining criterion of Celticity is seen as
7122: 7110: 6563: 6527: 6327: 6292: 6252: 5844: 5611: 5602: 3830: 1980: 1939: 1928: 1901: 1729: 1660: 1601: 1544: 1529: 1501: 1456: 1238: 1138: 1118: 1098: 457: 223: 4705: 1648: 1597: 700:". Thanks in part to campaigning on the part of Cornish regionalists, 496:). Basic French history textbooks emphasised the ways in which Gauls ( 6522: 5634: 1767: 1536: 1320: 1285: 1272:
An example of a proposed Pan-Celtic flag created by Robert Berthelier
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is the contemporary inclusive and associative definition proposed by
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in Welsh), the start of lambing, now the feast day of St Brigit and
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have become the focus for festivals, feasts and marches: Ireland –
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has emerged as a descriptor of an ethnic grouping. In particular,
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origins are many times implied for continental groups such as the
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Jack Mulveen. (1994.) "Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Ware",
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Walker, W.; Kelly, T.; MacArthur, E. M.; Breen, A. (9 May 2013).
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To signal the coming of summer and the return of real warmth, on
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in Galicia. The inspiration for famous Celtic singer and harpist
1763: 1742: 1469: 1443: 1268: 1242: 1121:, England, however the idea that "Cumbric" was separate from Old 1094: 1055: 940: 892: 751: 624: 536: 388: 293: 113: 3784:"Irish Music and Scottish Music: What's the Difference, Really?" 3753:"The Australian Gaelic Singers at the Sydney A Capella Festival" 2021:
popularized the revival of Celtic Art with his bestselling book
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Textile craft industries based on Celtic fisher designs such as
512:, a link still found in the official Latin name of Switzerland, 252:
peoples and countries that do, or once did, use Celtic languages
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Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
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has called a "politically correct disdain for the use of 'Celt.
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Welsh: a complete course in understanding speaking and writing
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started to hold popular attention from the mid-1970s adopting
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Following the authoritative publications on Celtic Art of the
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in Scotland have populations of mostly Scandinvanian descent.
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Although they are not usually considered a Celtic nation, the
116:. They categorised the ancient Irish and British languages as 6063: 5869: 5814: 5707: 5301: 5243: 5233: 5191: 5141: 4662:
Manuel d'archéologie préhistorique, celtique et gallo-romaine
2545:"Emeritus Professor JVS Megaw and Dr M Ruth Megaw Collection" 1656: 1645: 1621: 1512:
from Scotland, Ireland, and Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia,
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and performed five solo dances (including a triple spin) at
1575: 1563:." Pan-Celtic music festivals were established, notably the 6322: 5859: 5839: 5774: 5607: 4922:
The Sea Kingdoms: The History of Celtic Britain and Ireland
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that is a creole of Irish Gaelic and other languages, and
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at certain times. For example, in the Isle of Man, in the
5104: 4579: 2483:"Things Celtic Music Directory : Festivals and Pubs" 1965:, Steve Ball's knotwork appears on the cover of the 1732:
in Welsh, is a summer feast and was dedicated to the god
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and famous Scottish pipes, or the Scots have revived the
1141:, another area where elements of Celtic culture survive. 871:, itself criticised in 2004 by Ruth and Vincent Megaw in 568:
heritage was emphasised, and in Scotland, both Norse and
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and it is asserted that an index of connectedness to the
4459:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. pp. 168–169. 2826:"John Collis. The Celts: origins, myths and inventions" 2033:
in comic strip form in his series of books and posters
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procession to an ancient tune made famous in the song "
693: 2746:"Simon James's Ancient Celts Page – Further info" 2350:. University of California Press. pp. 12, 26–29. 1539:
led to the creation of a popular music genre labelled
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for a separate province in Canada, as espoused by the
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article "Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity" examined
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established that there was a relationship between the
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E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
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E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
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E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
1674:
The birthdays of the most important Celtic Saints of
968:
These six nations alone are considered Celtic by the
925:
Six nations tend to be most associated with a modern
120:. The descendants of these ancient languages are the 52: 43: 31: 6441: 4638:. New York: Dover Publications Inc. pp. 10–13. 2139:"Celtic Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary" 1567:
founded in 1971, which has occurred annually since.
40: 37: 5095:– Welsh Music Foundation artists (Cymraeg, English) 1995:since at least 1700, but popularised in the 1840s. 867:of the University of Sheffield wrote a book titled 684:will never know. Any new constitutional settlement 4523: 4484:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. p. 168. 4450: 4448: 4372:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. p. 174. 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 3882:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. p. 169. 3561:Wang, C. August. 2006. Ílegur og Føroya Søga. In: 3344: 3342: 1388:is a term comprising about 80% of the population. 1257: 647:Cloths tied to a tree near Madron Well in Cornwall 2869: 2658:"Professor Simon James — University of Leicester" 2374:An introduction to the study of ancient geography 2025:first published in 1951. Irish artist and writer 1872:), the May Day festival time, dances such as the 1746:, a word that is still in use in Gaelic refer to 891:within their modern borders are shown in yellow ( 785:origins. He goes on to argue that their distinct 778:Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America 446: 7304: 5012:(1999). Montréal: Conseil québécois du Chardon. 4583:The Modern History of Celtic Jewellery 1840-1980 4422: 4420: 4023:"St Andrew's Day: Scotland and around the world" 2597:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity (full text)" 1276:A significant portion of the populations of the 814: 712:. Scotland and Wales obtained agencies like the 214:The Celtic revival also led to the emergence of 4892: 4563:"Gaelforce Dance – The Irish Dance Spectacular" 4498: 4445: 4171: 3975:"St Patrick's Day Parades and Events Worldwide" 3685:, (Center for European Studies working papers). 3339: 3002: 2843: 2700:"Celts, politics and motivation in archaeology" 2300:Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales website 638: 207:in 1961, dedicated to preserving the surviving 3618:Emblèmes et symboles des Bretons et des Celtes 1804:CD which featured in the erotic thriller film 807:movement and the development of view that the 195:, the focus of the Celtic movement shifted to 6019: 5126: 4684:Jacobsthal, Paul (1944). "Early Celtic Art". 4473: 4417: 4099: 3871: 3043: 2290: 2288: 2013:periods by Joseph Déchelette (1908–1914) and 1907:In the early 1980s seven-time world champion 1144:Similarly, in France outside of Brittany, in 988:called "Tinkers" who speak a language called 6007: 4617:Galway Archaeological and Historical Society 4539:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age 4482:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age 4457:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age 4431:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 104–106. 4370:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age 3880:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age 3282:"The Gods of Gaul and the Continental Celts" 3189: 3187: 3005:"Oppida and Celtic society in western Spain" 2738: 980:called "Pavee" that speak a language called 6067: 6031: 5105:KESSON The Cornish Musician's Collaborative 5052:"National Geographic Map: The Celtic Realm" 4812: 3694:Brake, Julie & Jones, Christine (2000) 3003:Álvarez-Sanchís, Jesús (28 February 2005). 2932: 2681:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2271:. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp. 39–64. 2040: 929:, and are considered the "Celtic nations". 165:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 6043: 5140: 5133: 5119: 5101:– Celtic Lyrics Corner (Gàidhlig, English) 5006:. Bibracte, Centre Archéologique Européen. 4683: 4665:. Paris: Librairie Alphonse Picard et fils 4658: 4509:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 15–17. 4212:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Lughnassadh" 3851:Robertson, Boyd & Taylor, Iain (1993) 3401:"Siol Ghoraidh - The Geneology Of Goraidh" 3170:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 20–22. 3161: 3159: 2923: 2285: 2260: 1651:) are seen as an equivalent to the Breton 1361:The most common mother-tongue amongst the 4902:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4692:(1–2). Oxford: Clarendon Press: 191–198. 4361: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 3592: 3184: 3046:"Briga Toponyms in the Iberian Peninsula" 2617:Megaw, J. V. S & M. R. (March 1996). 2423:"A brief history of the Cornish language" 2197:Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopedia 2057:the vast body of Celtic myths and legends 1442:Celticism came to be associated with the 1434:Breton harpist and Celtic music exponent 504:for 19th-century nationalism was made in 187:movements, giving rise to the concept of 4633: 4607: 4536: 4479: 4454: 4367: 3962:Gaelic – A Complete Course for Beginners 3877: 3698:. London: Hodder & Stoughton; p. 265 3615: 3568: 3304:"Gaulish Polytheistic Reconstructionism" 3044:García Alonso, Juan (14 February 2006). 2694: 2692: 2343: 2328: 1949: 1843: 1827: 1702:'s Feast Day and Brittany – Fête de la 1574: 1429: 1407: 1267: 882: 642: 547:in his 1707 study and, according to the 456: 288:is often used to describe people of the 5023:. George Braziller, Inc, New York City. 4837: 4730:Celtic Art: The Methods of Construction 3855:. London: Hodder & Stoughton; p. 53 3853:Gaelic: a complete course for beginners 3427:"Haemochromatosis - The Celtic Disease" 3223: 3156: 2907:"Visio-Map of Europe Celtic Europe.vsd" 2370: 2322: 2304:Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 2184:, Oxford University Press, 1997, p.276. 2023:Celtic Art: The Methods of Construction 986:Indigenous Highland Scottish Travellers 869:The Celts: Origins, Myths and Invention 840:of the University of Leicester in the 692:The Republic of Ireland, on surpassing 175:, in 1922. There were also significant 16:Classification of related ethnic groups 7305: 5984: 4919: 4765: 4504: 4426: 4403:"Explore the Music: Loreena McKennitt" 4341: 4278:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Beltane" 4234:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Samhain" 4184: 4149: 3348: 3234:. London: Harper Collins. p. 20. 3229: 3165: 2961: 2187: 1736:. Of great interest is the use in the 1365:which saw the formation of Canada was 1166:Scottish Gaelic personal naming system 795:settlers, helped construct the modern 407:, respectively, in turn named for the 104:writers with the pre-Roman peoples of 7216: 7108: 6887: 6689: 6121: 5901: 5552: 5189: 5114: 4938: 4778: 4736:. London: Constable and Company Ltd. 4586:. Walker Metalsmiths. pp. 1–76. 4352: 4297: 4256:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Imbolc" 4162: 4127:"Grand Pardon de sainte Anne d'Auray" 3672:, Llandysul: Gomer Press, 2000, p. 38 3260:Derbywelshlearnerscircle.blogspot.com 3193: 2798: 2689: 2616: 2439: 2227: 232:The Celts: The Construction of a Myth 4958: 4941:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity" 4898: 4785:. Ceredigion: Y Lolfa. p. 156. 4726: 4327:. Carousel Books. pp. 197–201. 4322: 3993:"The National St David's Day Parade" 2962:Gamito, Teresa (10 September 2005). 2393:Nationhood and Nationalism in France 2266: 2230:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity" 2228:Megaw, J. V. S. & M. R. (1996). 2193: 343:for European cultures deriving from 261:An alternative approach to defining 88:A modern Celtic identity emerged in 7109: 4939:Megaw, J. V. S & M. R. (1996). 2507: 1300:), but to a lesser extent also the 1089:survived until the collapse of the 13: 4868: 4302:. London: Blandford. p. 136. 3781: 3457: 2518:. The Irish People. Archived from 2447:. Tor Mark Press. pp. 20–22. 1945: 1472:under the influence of the Breton 609:Théodore Hersart de la Villemarqué 203:, e.g. with the foundation of the 14: 7344: 7323:Ethnic groups in Europe by region 6539:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 5034: 4357:. Thames and Hudson. p. 672. 4275: 4253: 4231: 4209: 4167:. Thames and Hudson. p. 671. 3960:Robertson, Boyd and Taylor, Iain 3329:"Gaulish Reconstructionist Forum" 2772:"O'Donnell Lecture 2008 Appendix" 2594: 2445:The Story of the Cornish Language 1766:, the spring feast, now May Day ( 1632:Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism 1581:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 1565:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 1129:magazine that revivalists in the 878: 339:Less common is the assumption of 171:resulted in the secession of the 100:) equated the Celts described by 7289: 5902: 5539: 5019:O'Driscoll, Robert (ed.) (1981) 4862: 4831: 4806: 4720: 4677: 4652: 4627: 4573: 4555: 4325:Everyday Life of the Pagan Celts 2655: 2296:"Who were the Celts? ... Rhagor" 1893:" through the streets of nearby 1264:Celtic diaspora (disambiguation) 1229:, tracing male descent, are 87% 1191:as illustrated by lyrics of the 1070:compiled by Vincent F. Pintado. 27: 4779:Ellis, Peter Beresford (2002). 4395: 4386: 4316: 4291: 4269: 4247: 4225: 4203: 4119: 4093: 4072: 4058: 4040: 4015: 3985: 3967: 3954: 3928: 3896: 3866:Popular Music: the key concepts 3858: 3845: 3823: 3801: 3775: 3745: 3723: 3701: 3688: 3675: 3662: 3646: 3634: 3609: 3555: 3511: 3499: 3483:. Scotlands DNA. Archived from 3473: 3451: 3419: 3393: 3367: 3321: 3296: 3274: 3248: 3143: 3122: 3096: 3078: 3037: 2996: 2955: 2899: 2818: 2792: 2764: 2713: 2649: 2610: 2588: 2563: 2537: 2501: 2475: 2461: 2433: 2415: 2402: 2385: 2364: 2337: 2157:"Celtic League – About us" 1942:of the last half of the 1990s. 1258:Migration from Celtic countries 688:will be built on uneven ground. 3757:Sydneyacappellafestival.com.au 3659:). Retrieved 1 September 2006. 3657:Australian Social Trends, 2003 2371:Laurent, Peter Edmund (1868). 2221: 2174: 2149: 2131: 2111: 1880:in Cornwall are held with the 1840:celebration in Welwyn, England 680:, much less proud people from 447:Celtic revival and romanticism 245: 77:on the western extremities of 1: 7258:Celtic place names in Galicia 6888: 4300:Holy Places of Celtic Britain 3641:Ministry of Canadian Heritage 3256:"Derby Welsh Learners Circle" 2940:Travellers and their Language 2425:. Maga Kernow. Archived from 2344:Wightman, Edith Mary (1985). 1296:most significantly (see also 815:Criticism of modern Celticism 498:"Nos ancêtres les Gaulois..." 6690: 5200:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 4893:General and cited references 4871:"The Art of Courtney Davies" 3196:"Cumbrian Welsh – an update" 2938:Kirk, J. & Ó Baoill, D. 2333:. Penguin Books. p. 53. 2306:. 4 May 2007. Archived from 2104: 1570: 1241:. The founder population of 1199:"The Genealogy of Goraidh". 829:particularly in relation to 639:Contemporary Celtic identity 583:was cultivated by the early 7: 6182:Welsh literature in English 6122: 5553: 5279:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 5190: 4659:Déchelette, Joseph (1914). 2595:Megaw, J. V. S & M. R. 2194:Koch, John T., ed. (2005). 2062: 1438:at Nuremberg, Germany, 2007 1204:hereditary haemochromatosis 1155: 686:which ignores these factors 655:groups' distinctiveness as 10: 7349: 6202:Scottish Gaelic literature 5587:Brigantia (ancient region) 5081:Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia 3731:"Celtic Music Instruments" 3709:"Celtic Music Instruments" 3130:"Gallaic Revival Movement" 2944:Queen's University Belfast 2799:Sheffield, University of. 2044: 1832:Children dancing around a 1625: 1595: 1589: 1401: 1395: 1261: 1159: 918: 762:are seen as being Celtic. 465:. Front row: Pedwr James, 450: 234:led to what archaeologist 163:, particularly within the 7280: 7223: 7217: 7212: 7150: 7121: 7104: 7067: 6989: 6980: 6952: 6924: 6896: 6883: 6836: 6801: 6775: 6696: 6685: 6572: 6549:Hebridean Celtic Festival 6486: 6388: 6367: 6336: 6251: 6210: 6177:Welsh-language literature 6132: 6128: 6117: 6079: 5993: 5910: 5897: 5767: 5726: 5665: 5561: 5548: 5537: 5374: 5343: 5277: 5198: 5185: 5152: 4996:. Oxford University Press 4986:. Oxford University Press 4920:Moffat, Alistair (2001). 4840:"Jim Fitzpatrick Gallery" 4813:Fitzpatrick, Jim (1978). 4537:Melhuish, Martin (1998). 4505:Moffat, Alistair (2001). 4480:Melhuish, Martin (1998). 4455:Melhuish, Martin (1998). 4427:Moffat, Alistair (2001). 4368:Melhuish, Martin (1998). 4353:Kruta, Venceslas (1991). 4163:Kruta, Venceslas (1991). 4066:"St Maughold's Feast Day" 3878:Melhuish, Martin (1998). 3533:10.1007/s00439-004-1117-7 3349:Moffat, Alistair (2001). 3230:Moffat, Alistair (2001). 3166:Moffat, Alistair (2001). 2857:. The Celtic League. 2010 2635:10.1017/S0003598X00083046 2246:10.1017/S0003598X00083046 1369:. There is a movement in 631:, and the revival of the 572:heritage was emphasised. 169:Irish War of Independence 65:) are a related group of 6982:Ancient Celtic languages 5021:The Celtic Consciousness 4686:Journal of Roman Studies 4634:Starmore, Alice (2010). 3831:"Welsh Music Foundation" 3153:. Reaktion Books, p. 118 2883:(in Irish and English). 2200:. ABC-Clio. p. xx. 2143:dictionary.cambridge.org 2041:Literature and mythology 2017:(1944), Scottish artist 1823: 1592:List of Celtic festivals 1391: 1375:Cape Breton Labour Party 1363:Fathers of Confederation 811:was a British atrocity. 714:Welsh Development Agency 541:Celtic language families 473:, Professor Paul Barbier 415:. The Latin name of the 7253:Gaulish words in French 7238:Celtic words in English 5497:Scottish New Zealanders 5387:Anglo-Celtic Australian 4979:(1992) "Introduction". 4185:Cremin, Aedeen (1992). 3681:Bempéchat, Paul-André, 3616:Kervella, Divi (2016). 3086:"Old Celtic Dictionary" 2964:"The Celts in Portugal" 2881:Celtic Congress website 2472:, editorial, 8 May 1990 2441:Ellis, Peter Berresford 2397:American Anthropologist 2329:Chadwick, Nora (1970). 2035:Nuada of the Silver Arm 1925:Eurovision Song Contest 1788:The Mask and the Mirror 1551:... the Celtic-rock of 1547:, the ambient music of 1495:Scottish Highland pipes 1386:Anglo-Celtic Australian 1178:A profound interest in 1117:was being attempted in 579:image of the Celt as a 421:Confoederatio Helvetica 6187:Early Irish literature 6068: 6056: 6044: 6032: 6020: 6008: 5477:Scotch-Irish Canadians 5472:Scotch-Irish Americans 5010:Les Écossais du Québec 4959:Karl, Raimund (2004). 3909:. 2008. Archived from 3904:"Wales – Land of Song" 3833:(in Welsh and English) 3811:(in Welsh and English) 3594:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800661 3149:Fischer, S. R. (2004) 2267:Karl, Raimund (2010). 2119:"History of the Celts" 2094:New religious movement 1976: 1915:toured the world with 1859: 1857:Fort Collins, Colorado 1841: 1786:'s million-selling CD 1780:Santiago de Compostela 1760:Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau 1587: 1532:, both from Scotland. 1489:from Irish influence. 1439: 1416: 1273: 1091:Kingdom of Strathclyde 916: 860:and probably earlier. 690: 648: 519:Before the advance of 514:Confœderatio Helvetica 494:Napoleon III of France 474: 267:Vincent and Ruth Megaw 7328:Ethnicity in politics 6814:Scottish independence 6559:Celtic Media Festival 6442:National music scenes 5673:Proto-Celtic religion 5375:Related ethnic groups 5099:Puirt a beul in Cliar 4815:The Book of Conquests 4727:Bain, George (1951). 4131:Sainte-anne-auray.net 4102:"Fete de la St -Yves" 3194:Lewis, Colin (2009). 2855:Celtic League website 1983:has been seen in the 1953: 1847: 1831: 1668:Celtic Media Festival 1626:Further information: 1578: 1433: 1412:Traditional Galician 1411: 1404:List of Celtic choirs 1402:Further information: 1271: 1202:The genetic disorder 1160:Further information: 1068:Old Celtic Dictionary 1034:/ Northern Portugal ( 886: 667: 646: 627:, the revival of the 549:National Museum Wales 521:Indo-European studies 460: 451:Further information: 7138:(Medieval Welsh law) 6748:Scottish nationalism 6398:Ancient Celtic music 5718:Romano-Celtic temple 5527:Welsh New Zealanders 5452:Irish New Zealanders 4994:The Isles: a history 4875:Courtneydavisart.com 4569:on 20 February 2012. 4298:Sharp, Mark (1997). 3284:. pp. Chapter 3 2429:on 25 December 2008. 1851:: Irish dancers at 1706:and Grand Pardon of 1353:with Irish-speaking 1339:in Nova Scotia with 1323:with Welsh-speaking 1064:Atebivota Dictionary 996:of Scottish Gaelic. 593:Lady Charlotte Guest 585:William Butler Yeats 490:Napoleon I of France 423:, harks back to the 230:Chapman's 1992 book 6828:Irish republicanism 6809:Breton independence 6788:Scottish devolution 6721:Cornish nationalism 6544:Pan Celtic Festival 6418:Scottish folk music 6172:Scottish literature 5698:Celtic Christianity 5502:Scottish Travellers 5487:Scottish Argentines 5331:Scottish Travellers 5107:(Kernewek, English) 5064:on 6 September 2006 4899:Koch, John (2006). 4323:Ross, Anne (1972). 4187:The Celts in Europe 4100:Bretons de Sydney. 4054:on 26 January 2012. 3868:, Routledge; p. 38. 3864:Shuker, Roy (2005) 3151:History of Language 3092:on 4 November 2012. 3059:(1). Archived from 3018:(1). Archived from 2977:(1). Archived from 2851:"The Celtic League" 2489:on 25 December 2010 2377:. Oxford. pp.  1816:Fire Dance" on the 1708:Sainte-Anne-d'Auray 1698:, Isle of Man – St 1684:Saint Patrick's Day 1676:Celtic Christianity 1208:lactase persistence 863:In 2003, Professor 858:Atlantic Bronze Age 801:Irish republicanism 775:, in his 2004 book 718:Scottish Parliament 704:was able to obtain 671:distinctly national 533:Brythonic languages 484:. The struggles of 334:Early Modern period 322:Early Modern period 6819:Welsh independence 6783:Cornish devolution 6704:Breton nationalism 6554:Celtic Connections 6157:Cornish literature 5507:Ulster Protestants 5492:Scottish Canadians 5482:Scottish Americans 5392:Anglo-Irish people 4869:Davies, Courtney. 4844:Jimfitzpatrick.com 4838:Fitzpatrick, Jim. 4753:on 4 February 2015 4106:Home.exetel.com.au 3788:Scottalarik.com.au 3458:Moffat, Alistair. 3066:on 6 February 2012 2830:Thefreelibrary.com 2752:on 2 November 2010 2725:Thefreelibrary.com 2551:on 4 February 2015 2310:on 5 February 2015 2084:Celtic Neopaganism 1977: 1897:together with the 1876:dance festival at 1860: 1842: 1692:Saint Andrew's Day 1588: 1440: 1421:Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau 1417: 1345:Scottish Canadians 1337:Cape Breton Island 1274: 917: 675:proud people from 649: 475: 345:Continental Celtic 197:linguistic revival 185:Breton nationalist 161:ethnic nationalism 69:who share similar 7300: 7299: 7276: 7275: 7208: 7207: 7100: 7099: 7096: 7095: 7059:Cisalpine Gaulish 6879: 6878: 6765:national identity 6760:Welsh nationalism 6753:national identity 6733:Irish nationalism 6681: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6614:Cornish wrestling 6482: 6481: 6403:Breton Folk music 6368:Regional cultures 6211:National cultures 6197:Gaelic literature 6152:Breton literature 6113: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6104: 5893: 5892: 5805:Chief of the Name 5678:Celtic polytheism 5595:Sub-Roman Britain 5535: 5534: 5422:Irish Australians 5402:Cornish Americans 5361:Scottish diaspora 4924:. HarperCollins. 4645:978-0-486-47842-5 4048:"St Piran's Tide" 3809:"Dan Y Cownter 3" 3487:on 1 January 2015 3375:"Family Ancestry" 3335:on 15 April 2013. 3262:. 9 December 2017 3110:on 18 August 2013 3104:"Gallaic Revival" 2984:on 8 October 2012 2410:Romance Languages 2278:978-1-84217-410-4 2207:978-1-85109-440-0 2182:The Ancient Celts 2047:Celtic literature 1973:King Crimson 1936:Lord of the Dance 1853:St. Patrick's Day 1784:Loreena McKennitt 1696:Saint Piran's Day 1688:Saint David's Day 1535:The emergence of 1516:from Ireland and 1500:Unaccompanied or 1491:Charles le Goffic 1235:mitochondrial DNA 1005:Northern Portugal 797:American identity 708:funding from the 621:Irish nationalism 439:of France to the 417:Swiss Confederacy 81:populated by the 60:pronunciation of 7340: 7318:Cultural regions 7293: 7214: 7213: 7106: 7105: 7088:Galwegian Gaelic 6987: 6986: 6885: 6884: 6793:Welsh devolution 6687: 6686: 6439: 6438: 6428:Sean-nós singing 6423:Welsh folk music 6413:Irish folk music 6380:Highland culture 6162:Irish literature 6142:Arthurian Legend 6130: 6129: 6119: 6118: 6071: 6059: 6047: 6035: 6023: 6011: 5991: 5990: 5982: 5981: 5959:Neo-Christianity 5899: 5898: 5830:Gaelic astrology 5790:Celtic festivals 5693:Celtic mythology 5666:Ancient religion 5583:Iron Age Britain 5550: 5549: 5543: 5522:Welsh Argentines 5462:Irish Uruguayans 5457:Irish Travellers 5427:Irish Brazilians 5417:Irish Argentines 5397:Breton Americans 5351:Cornish diaspora 5313:Irish Travellers 5187: 5186: 5179:Celtic languages 5135: 5128: 5121: 5112: 5111: 5077: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5063: 5057:. Archived from 5056: 5041:The Celtic Realm 5000:Dietler, Michael 4983:Celtic Mythology 4973: 4971: 4969: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4935: 4916: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4846:. Archived from 4835: 4829: 4828: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4776: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4752: 4746:. Archived from 4735: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4681: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4631: 4625: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4565:. Archived from 4559: 4553: 4552: 4534: 4521: 4520: 4507:The Sea Kingdoms 4502: 4496: 4495: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4452: 4443: 4442: 4429:The Sea Kingdoms 4424: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4350: 4339: 4338: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4182: 4169: 4168: 4160: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4133:. Archived from 4123: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4050:. Archived from 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3999:. Archived from 3989: 3983: 3982: 3977:. Archived from 3971: 3965: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3938:. Archived from 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3915: 3908: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3875: 3869: 3862: 3856: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3759:. Archived from 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3705: 3699: 3692: 3686: 3679: 3673: 3668:Loffler, Marion 3666: 3660: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3596: 3572: 3566: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3438: 3432:. Archived from 3431: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3403:. Archived from 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3377:. Archived from 3371: 3365: 3364: 3351:The Sea Kingdoms 3346: 3337: 3336: 3331:. Archived from 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3232:The Sea Kingdoms 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3200: 3191: 3182: 3181: 3168:The Sea Kingdoms 3163: 3154: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3106:. Archived from 3100: 3094: 3093: 3088:. Archived from 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3065: 3050: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3024: 3009: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2983: 2968: 2959: 2953: 2936: 2930: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2911: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2776: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2748:. Archived from 2742: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2696: 2687: 2686: 2680: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2629:(267): 175–181. 2614: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2547:. Archived from 2541: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2524: 2517: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2485:. Archived from 2479: 2473: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2419: 2413: 2408:Posner, Rebecca. 2406: 2400: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2292: 2283: 2282: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2240:(267): 175–181. 2225: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2191: 2185: 2180:Barry Cunliffe, 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2161:Celticleague.net 2153: 2147: 2146: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2115: 2051:Celtic mythology 1985:Celtic jewellery 1960: 1891:The Floral Dance 1738:Coligny calendar 1514:Sean-nós singing 1325:Welsh Argentines 1315:the province of 1306:Cornish diaspora 1252:Shetland Islands 1131:north of England 1115:Cumbric language 1087:Cumbric language 978:Irish Travellers 629:Cornish language 601:James Macpherson 404:Gallia Aquitania 256:Celtic languages 241: 209:Celtic languages 173:Irish Free State 118:Celtic languages 71:Celtic languages 55: 50: 49: 46: 45: 42: 39: 36: 33: 7348: 7347: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7296: 7272: 7219: 7204: 7146: 7142:Early Scots law 7131:Early Irish law 7117: 7092: 7069:Scottish Gaelic 7063: 7004:Proto-Brittonic 6976: 6972:Beurla Reagaird 6948: 6944:Scottish Gaelic 6920: 6892: 6875: 6871:Columba Project 6851:Celtic Congress 6832: 6797: 6771: 6692: 6673: 6634:Gaelic handball 6624:Gaelic football 6609:Cornish hurling 6568: 6478: 6437: 6384: 6363: 6349:Gaelic clothing 6332: 6247: 6206: 6167:Manx literature 6124: 6101: 6080:Other claimants 6075: 5980: 5930:Celtic Congress 5906: 5889: 5785:Celtic calendar 5763: 5722: 5661: 5557: 5544: 5531: 5517:Welsh Americans 5437:Irish Catholics 5432:Irish Canadians 5412:Irish Americans 5370: 5344:Celtic diaspora 5339: 5273: 5202: 5194: 5181: 5148: 5139: 5093:Dan Y Cownter 3 5075: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5054: 5050: 5037: 4967: 4965: 4949: 4947: 4932: 4913: 4895: 4890: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4867: 4863: 4853: 4851: 4836: 4832: 4825: 4817:. Paper Tiger. 4811: 4807: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4777: 4766: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4733: 4725: 4721: 4682: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4632: 4628: 4615:Journal of the 4612: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4578: 4574: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4535: 4524: 4517: 4503: 4499: 4492: 4478: 4474: 4467: 4453: 4446: 4439: 4425: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4366: 4362: 4351: 4342: 4335: 4321: 4317: 4310: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4230: 4226: 4216: 4214: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4183: 4172: 4161: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4110: 4108: 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 4003:on 4 March 2017 3997:Stdavidsday.org 3991: 3990: 3986: 3981:on 25 May 2010. 3973: 3972: 3968: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3916:on 16 July 2011 3913: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3876: 3872: 3863: 3859: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3782:Alarik, Scott. 3780: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3693: 3689: 3680: 3676: 3667: 3663: 3651: 3647: 3639: 3635: 3628: 3620:. Coop Breizh. 3614: 3610: 3573: 3569: 3560: 3556: 3516: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3488: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3464: 3462: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3439:on 4 March 2016 3436: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3407:on 17 July 2012 3399: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3381:on 11 July 2012 3373: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3347: 3340: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3198: 3192: 3185: 3178: 3164: 3157: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3048: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3025:on 24 June 2011 3022: 3007: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2966: 2960: 2956: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2885:Celtic Congress 2875: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2805:Sheffield.ac.uk 2797: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2774: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2729: 2727: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2690: 2674: 2673: 2666: 2664: 2654: 2650: 2615: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2593: 2589: 2579: 2577: 2575:Flinders.edu.au 2571:"Vincent Megaw" 2569: 2568: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2525:on 18 July 2013 2522: 2515: 2509:Metress, Seamus 2506: 2502: 2492: 2490: 2481: 2480: 2476: 2466: 2462: 2455: 2438: 2434: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2407: 2403: 2390: 2386: 2369: 2365: 2358: 2342: 2338: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2279: 2265: 2261: 2226: 2222: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2192: 2188: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2127:. 7 April 2014. 2117: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2074:Celtic Congress 2065: 2053: 2045:Main articles: 2043: 2031:Irish mythology 2027:Jim Fitzpatrick 2015:Paul Jacobsthal 1958: 1948: 1946:Arts and crafts 1913:Michael Flatley 1849:Irish stepdance 1826: 1818:Parallel Dreams 1792:All Souls Night 1634: 1624: 1594: 1573: 1493:introduced the 1425:Paul Ladmirault 1406: 1400: 1394: 1355:Irish Canadians 1341:Scottish Gaelic 1266: 1260: 1189:Christian names 1176: 1158: 1075:Yan Tan Tethera 1028:Celtic Congress 990:Beurla Reagaird 974:Celtic Congress 927:Celtic identity 923: 881: 831:Celtic identity 827:ethnic identity 817: 756:Gaelic football 750:Sports such as 641: 615:" (compare the 471:Théodore Botrel 469:, Léna Botrel, 463:Gwyneth Vaughan 455: 449: 387:. The names of 330:Frenchification 248: 239: 220:artistic styles 53: 30: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7346: 7336: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7313:Celtic Revival 7298: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7287: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7210: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7160:Gaelic warfare 7156: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7136:Cyfraith Hywel 7133: 7127: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7102: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7085: 7083:Deeside Gaelic 7080: 7074: 7072: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7061: 7056: 7054:Hispano-Celtic 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7009:Proto-Goidelic 7006: 7001: 6995: 6993: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6958: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6930: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6902: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6861:Celtic society 6858: 6856:Celtic Revival 6853: 6848: 6842: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6824:United Ireland 6821: 6816: 6811: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6711: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6693: 6683: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6669:Welsh handball 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6649:Highland games 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6582: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6535: 6534: 6525: 6516: 6507: 6492: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6445: 6443: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6394: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6377: 6375:Gaelic culture 6371: 6369: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6361: 6356: 6354:Highland dress 6351: 6346: 6340: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6318:Pictish stones 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6263: 6257: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6126: 6125: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6061: 6049: 6037: 6025: 6013: 6000: 5998: 5988: 5979: 5978: 5977: 5976: 5971: 5961: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5922: 5920:Celtic nations 5917: 5915:Celtic Revival 5911: 5908: 5907: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5730: 5728: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5688:Celtic Animism 5685: 5683:Celtic deities 5680: 5675: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5642:Cisalpine Gaul 5639: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5614: 5605: 5580: 5571: 5569:Gaelic Ireland 5565: 5563: 5559: 5558: 5546: 5545: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5467:Manx Americans 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5442:Irish Chileans 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5407:English people 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5378: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5366:Welsh diaspora 5363: 5358: 5356:Irish diaspora 5353: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5337: 5336: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5322: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5210: 5208: 5196: 5195: 5183: 5182: 5163:Celtic studies 5155:Celtic nations 5153: 5150: 5149: 5138: 5137: 5130: 5123: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5078: 5048: 5043: 5036: 5035:External links 5033: 5032: 5031: 5024: 5017: 5007: 4997: 4990:Davies, Norman 4987: 4981:Dictionary of 4974: 4956: 4936: 4930: 4917: 4911: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4861: 4830: 4823: 4805: 4791: 4764: 4742: 4719: 4698:10.2307/298471 4676: 4651: 4644: 4626: 4606: 4593:978-0615805290 4592: 4572: 4554: 4547: 4522: 4515: 4497: 4490: 4472: 4465: 4444: 4437: 4416: 4405:. Quinlan Road 4394: 4392:CD liner notes 4385: 4378: 4360: 4340: 4333: 4315: 4308: 4290: 4268: 4246: 4224: 4202: 4195: 4170: 4148: 4137:on 11 May 2015 4118: 4092: 4071: 4057: 4039: 4014: 3984: 3966: 3953: 3942:on 14 May 2010 3936:"Celtic Music" 3927: 3895: 3888: 3870: 3857: 3844: 3822: 3800: 3774: 3763:on 1 June 2011 3744: 3722: 3700: 3687: 3674: 3661: 3645: 3633: 3627:978-2843468179 3626: 3608: 3587:(2): 129–135. 3567: 3554: 3521:Human Genetics 3510: 3498: 3472: 3450: 3418: 3392: 3366: 3359: 3338: 3320: 3295: 3273: 3247: 3240: 3222: 3183: 3176: 3155: 3142: 3121: 3095: 3077: 3036: 2995: 2954: 2931: 2922: 2898: 2868: 2842: 2817: 2791: 2763: 2737: 2712: 2688: 2648: 2609: 2587: 2562: 2536: 2500: 2474: 2460: 2453: 2432: 2414: 2401: 2384: 2363: 2356: 2347:Gallia Belgica 2336: 2321: 2284: 2277: 2259: 2220: 2206: 2186: 2173: 2148: 2130: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2089:Celtic Revival 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2064: 2061: 2042: 2039: 1947: 1944: 1917:The Chieftains 1825: 1822: 1776:Croagh Patrick 1726:Máire MacNeill 1606:Mod (Scotland) 1590:Main article: 1579:Pipers at the 1572: 1569: 1522:waulking songs 1396:Main article: 1393: 1390: 1359: 1358: 1347: 1334: 1302:Welsh diaspora 1298:Irish American 1294:Irish diaspora 1262:Main article: 1259: 1256: 1233:, whereas the 1184:family history 1174:Welsh surnames 1157: 1154: 1060:Castro culture 1044:Tras-os-Montes 966: 965: 964: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 921:Celtic nations 919:Main article: 889:Celtic nations 880: 879:Celtic nations 877: 816: 813: 710:European Union 673:in ways which 640: 637: 617:stage Irishman 453:Celtic Revival 448: 445: 427:, the name of 398:Gallia Belgica 290:Celtic nations 247: 244: 236:Barry Cunliffe 189:Celtic nations 157:Celtic Revival 136:variants) and 90:Western Europe 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7345: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7292: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7279: 7269: 7268:– in Portugal 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7248:– in Galician 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7225: 7222: 7215: 7211: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7149: 7143: 7140: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7107: 7103: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6979: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6886: 6882: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6846:Celtic League 6844: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6838:Pan-Celticism 6835: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6719: 6715: 6714:reunification 6712: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6688: 6684: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6629: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6387: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6328:Triple spiral 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6147:Bardic Poetry 6145: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6120: 6116: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6070: 6065: 6062: 6058: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6041: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6014: 6010: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5995:Celtic League 5992: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5935:Celtic League 5933: 5931: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5925:Pan-Celticism 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5909: 5905: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5825:Gaelicisation 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5800:Celticisation 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5608:Iron Age Gaul 5606: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5591:Roman Britain 5588: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5542: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5447:Irish Mexican 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2079:Celtic League 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2060: 2058: 2052: 2048: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2003: 2001: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1989:Claddagh ring 1986: 1982: 1974: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1961:monograph on 1957: 1952: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921:Carnegie Hall 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1839: 1836:as part of a 1835: 1830: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1715: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1694:, Cornwall – 1693: 1690:, Scotland – 1689: 1685: 1681: 1680:Celtic nation 1677: 1672: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1642:Fleadh Cheoil 1639: 1636:The Scottish 1633: 1629: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1610:Fleadh Cheoil 1607: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1557:Rawlins Cross 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1526:psalm singing 1523: 1519: 1518:Kan ha diskan 1515: 1511: 1507: 1506:Celtic choirs 1503: 1498: 1497:to Brittany. 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1482: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1464:, applied to 1463: 1462:roots revival 1459: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1437: 1432: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1399: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1278:United States 1270: 1265: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1227:Y chromosomes 1224: 1223:Faroe Islands 1219: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1197:Sìol Ghoraidh 1194: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1162:Scottish clan 1153: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1079:well dressing 1076: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 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Retrieved 2160: 2151: 2142: 2133: 2124:Live Science 2122: 2113: 2069:Anglo-Celtic 2054: 2034: 2022: 2004: 2000:Aran jumpers 1997: 1991:produced in 1978: 1966: 1963:Celtic knots 1954:Inspired by 1906: 1899:mystery play 1867: 1861: 1810:David Caruso 1799: 1791: 1787: 1772: 1741: 1740:of the word 1719: 1716: 1712: 1710:Pilgrimage. 1673: 1665: 1635: 1628:Clootie well 1541:Celtic music 1534: 1510:Puirt a beul 1499: 1486: 1480: 1473: 1466:Celtic music 1455: 1454:singing (or 1451: 1441: 1436:Alan Stivell 1418: 1413: 1398:Celtic music 1382:Anglo-Celtic 1379: 1377:and others. 1360: 1351:Newfoundland 1328: 1310: 1275: 1231:Scandinavian 1220: 1201: 1177: 1143: 1135:Modern Welsh 1072: 1067: 1063: 1052:Celtiberians 1022:used by the 1017: 998: 967: 924: 888: 872: 868: 862: 855: 851: 845: 841: 835: 830: 826: 820: 818: 809:Great Hunger 803:through the 796: 790: 786: 776: 764: 749: 744: 740: 736: 734: 726: 698:Celtic tiger 691: 685: 674: 670: 668: 660: 656: 652: 650: 633:Gaelic games 619:), but also 589:Lady Gregory 581:noble savage 574: 563: 553: 545:Edward Lhuyd 525:philologists 518: 513: 501: 497: 479: 476: 420: 402: 396: 356: 353:Celtiberians 340: 338: 326:Anglo-Celtic 285: 281: 275: 271:Raimund Karl 262: 260: 251: 249: 231: 228: 213: 193:World War II 167:, where the 154: 94:Edward Lhuyd 87: 61: 22: 20: 18: 7200:Trimarcisia 7185:Gallóglaigh 7014:Celtiberian 6738:Isle of Man 6697:Nationalism 6586:Bataireacht 6505:Calan Gaeaf 6464:Isle of Man 6308:Leaf-crowns 6298:Insular art 6271:Dragonesque 6233:Isle of Man 6087:Nova Scotia 6040:Isle of Man 5964:Neopaganism 5713:Monasticism 5224:Caledonians 4782:Celtic Dawn 4283:11 December 4261:11 December 4239:11 December 4217:11 December 3491:31 December 3465:31 December 2891:20 February 2861:20 February 2779:Wales.ac.uk 2756:24 December 2399:96:584–605. 2019:George Bain 1979:Revival of 1932:Jean Butler 1909:step-dancer 1887:Furry Dance 1812:and "Huron 1770:in Welsh). 1752:Calan Gaeaf 1371:Cape Breton 1290:New Zealand 1170:Irish names 1103:Northumbria 1085:), and the 1020:litmus test 992:that is an 956:Isle of Man 897:Isle of Man 865:John Collis 838:Simon James 792:Anglo-Saxon 783:Scots-Irish 570:Anglo-Saxon 506:Switzerland 375:, Northern 280:, the term 269:(1996) and 246:Definitions 102:Greco-Roman 67:ethnicities 21:The modern 7307:Categories 7263:– in Italy 7165:Ceathairne 7029:Gallaecian 6659:Road bowls 6564:Eisteddfod 6532:Calan Awst 6528:Lughnasadh 6134:Literature 5997:definition 5820:Clan chief 5612:Roman Gaul 5603:Hen Ogledd 5329:including 5311:including 4824:0905895134 4798:4 February 4792:0862436435 4757:4 February 4743:0094618305 4669:4 February 4409:14 January 3481:"Red-Head" 3443:8 December 3215:8 December 3070:31 October 3029:31 October 2988:16 January 2915:31 October 2705:4 February 2662:2.le.ac.uk 2602:4 February 2555:4 February 2314:5 February 1981:Celtic art 1968:Discipline 1940:Celtomania 1929:Riverdance 1902:Hal an Tow 1874:'Obby 'Oss 1869:Bel's Fire 1855:parade in 1748:Hallowe'en 1730:Calan Awst 1686:, Wales – 1661:Eisteddfod 1659:and Welsh 1655:, Cornish 1640:and Irish 1602:Eisteddfod 1596:See also: 1545:The Pogues 1530:lining out 1502:A cappella 1457:cerdd dant 1349:southeast 1343:-speaking 1327:(known as 1239:Icelanders 1139:Derbyshire 1119:Cumberland 1105:, Western 1099:Lancashire 1026:, and the 729:pan-Celtic 369:Portuguese 332:since the 320:since the 276:Since the 224:Celtic art 7195:Redshanks 7170:Ceithearn 6898:Brittonic 6890:Languages 6523:Calan Mai 6514:Gŵyl Fair 6488:Festivals 6303:Interlace 5727:Mythology 5635:Gallaecia 5249:Galatians 4945:Antiquity 4880:9 January 4854:9 January 4714:162583560 4599:1 January 4355:The Celts 4165:The Celts 4141:9 January 4032:9 January 4007:9 January 3793:9 January 3565:pp. 20–23 3411:22 August 3385:15 August 3313:9 January 3266:9 January 2835:9 January 2810:9 January 2784:9 January 2730:9 January 2667:9 January 2643:162732496 2623:Antiquity 2580:9 January 2529:12 August 2412:. 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Index

/kɛlts/
KELTS
pronunciation of Celt
ethnicities
Celtic languages
regions
Europe
Celts
Western Europe
Edward Lhuyd
Pezron
Greco-Roman
France
Great Britain
Ireland
Celtic languages
Brittonic
Breton
Cornish
Welsh
Goidelic
Irish
Manx
Gaelic
Celtic Revival
ethnic nationalism
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Irish War of Independence
Irish Free State
Welsh

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