3508:"Three Bronze Age individuals from Rathlin Island (2026–1534 cal BC), including one high coverage (10.5×) genome, showed substantial Steppe genetic heritage indicating that the European population upheavals of the third millennium manifested all of the way from southern Siberia to the western ocean. This turnover invites the possibility of accompanying introduction of Indo-European, perhaps early Celtic, language. Irish Bronze Age haplotypic similarity is strongest within modern Irish, Scottish, and Welsh populations, and several important genetic variants that today show maximal or very high frequencies in Ireland appear at this horizon. These include those coding for lactase persistence, blue eye color, Y chromosome R1b haplotypes, and the hemochromatosis C282Y allele; to our knowledge, the first detection of a known Mendelian disease variant in prehistory. These findings together suggest the establishment of central attributes of the Irish genome 4,000 y ago."
1951:
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intellectual extension of modern
British cultural colonialism, as well as for simplifying the anthropological correlation between material culture and ethnicity. Ruth and Vincent Megaw in the Antiquity article "The Mechanism of (Celtic) Dreams?': A Partial Response to Our Critics." attacked 'Celt-sceptics' for being motivated by English nationalism or anxieties about the decline of British imperial power.
273:(2010). It holds that a Celt is someone who uses a Celtic language or produces or uses a distinctive Celtic cultural expression (such as art or music) or has been referred to as a Celt in historical materials or has identified themselves or been identified by others as a Celt or has a demonstrated descent from the Celts (such as family history or DNA ancestry).
1713:
Attitudes and customs associated with the routine of the year's work, religious beliefs and practices survived the coming of
Christianity in the conservative rural areas of much of the Celtic countries. All over these lands there were sacred places which had earned their status in pre-Christian times
1884:
as its focus point. The celebrations are tied to the promotion of fertility and a fruitful growing season with the 'Obby 'Oss dancing to the music through streets decked out in flowers, and sycamore, ash and maple boughs. Shortly afterwards, on 8 May, the ancient rites of Spring are celebrated with
1245:
came from
Ireland, Scotland, and Scandinavia: studies of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomes indicate that 62% of Icelanders' matrilineal ancestry derives from Scotland and Ireland (with most of the rest being from Scandinavia), while 75% of their patrilineal ancestry derives from Scandinavia (with
848:
in the historic sense. The core of his argument was that the Iron Age peoples of
Britain should be considered not as generic Celts, but as a mosaic of different societies, each with their own traditions and histories. Later in 1998, this line of reasoning came under criticism, being labelled an
731:
or inter-Celtic dimension, seen in many organisations and festivals operating across various Celtic countries. Celtic studies departments at many universities in Europe and beyond, have studied the various ancient and modern Celtic languages and associated history and folklore under one roof.
229:
In the late 20th century, some authors criticised the idea of modern Celtic identity, usually by downplaying the value of the linguistic component in defining culture and cultural connection, sometimes also arguing that there never was a common Celtic culture, even in ancient times. Malcolm
852:
Simon James, in 1998, wrote a response arguing that the rejection of a Celtic past was not 'nationalist' but partly due to archaeological evidence, and usually by a post-colonial and multi-cultural agenda with recognition that
Britain has always been home to multiple identities.
1754:). In Gaelic folklore, it was considered a particularly dangerous time, when magical spirits wandered through the land, particularly at nightfall. The other important feast days that also continued to be celebrated under Christian guise, but often with a pagan spirit were
1423:" was adopted as a pan-Celtic anthem. Though there are links between Scots Gaelic and Irish Gaelic folk musics, very different musical traditions existed in Wales and Brittany. Nevertheless, Gaelic styles were adopted as typically Celtic even by Breton revivalists such as
1186:
is noted as a feature of the culture of the Celtic nations and regions and people with a Celtic heritage. Historically, some people in Celtic areas could recite their genealogy back though the generations as history, moving rhythmically from one name to another using only
976:, amongst others. These organisations ascribe to a definition of Celticity-based mainly upon language. Celtic languages have survived (or in some cases been revived) and continue to be used to varying degrees in these six geographical areas. There are also Celtic nomads:
1773:
In their pilgrimages the people combined the celebration of a holy place and a holy day. Pilgrimages are still an important feature of country life, particularly in
Ireland, Brittany and Galicia. The most impressive pilgrimages include
4581:
1714:
and which had only been gingerly adopted by the
Christian church and given a garnish of Christian names or dedications, hills, stones, and especially wells which can still be seen festooned with rags in observance of an old ritual.
500:, 'our ancestors the Gauls') could be seen as an example of cultural assimilation. In the late Middle Ages, some French writers believed (incorrectly) that their language was primarily Celtic, rather than Latin. A similar use of
3518:
Jorgensen, Tove H.; Buttenschön, Henriette N.; Wang, August G.; Als, Thomas D.; Børglum, Anders D.; Ewald, Henrik (2004). "The origin of the isolated population of the Faroe
Islands investigated using Y chromosomal markers".
1717:
Certain days in the year were marked as festivals, and time was counted forward and backwards from them without reference to the ordinary calendar. In her fine study of the festival of the beginning of harvest, in Irish
1670:
is an annual 3-day event that promotes the languages and cultures of the Celtic
Nations and Regions in media. This festival takes place in a different Celtic nation every year and has been running since 1980.
1050:"can claim a Celtic cultural or historic heritage". These claims to Celticity are rooted in the long historical existence of Celts in these regions and ethnic connections to other Atlantic Celtic peoples (see
2395:, edited by Robert Tombs. London: HarperCollins Academic; Dietler, Michael (1994) "'Our ancestors the Gauls': archaeology, ethnic nationalism, and the manipulation of Celtic identity in modern Europe",
2037:. From the 1980s, public fascination with Celtic Art spawned a small industry in Celtic art books and reinterpretations of ancient Celtic art works, such as the works of Welsh artist Courtney Davies.
4728:
1246:
most of the rest being from the Irish and
British Isles). In addition, there are some areas of the accepted Celtic countries whose population are mostly not of Celtic heritage: for example, the
1419:
The claim that distinctly Celtic styles of music exist was made during the nineteenth century, and was associated with the revival of folk traditions and pan-Celtic ideology. The Welsh anthem "
1125:
has been criticised as stemming from the difficulty that many English historians have with accepting Old Welsh as the language once spoken all over England. It was suggested by Colin Lewis in
999:
A number of activists on behalf of other regions/nations have also sought recognition as modern Celts, reflecting the wide diffusion of ancient Celts across Europe. Notable regions include
461:
Delegates at the Pan-Celtic Congress, Caernarfon, 1904. Back row: Maggie Jones (harpist of Arfon); Mrs Gruffydd Richards (chief harpist of Gwent), David Roberts (blind harpist of Mawddwy),
3426:
1062:). In 2009, the Gallaic Revival Movement, sponsored by the Liga Celtiga Galaica (the Galician Celtic League), claimed to be reconstructing the Q-Celtic Gallaic language based on the
623:
and its analogues in the other Celtic-speaking countries. Among the enduring products of this resurgence of interest in a romantic, pre-industrial, brooding, mystical Celticity are
6742:
316:) and their respective cultures and languages. Except for the Bretons (if discounting Norman and Channel Islander connections), all groups mentioned have been subject to strong
3752:
5501:
3459:
833:
in arguing against critics seemingly motivated by an English nationalist agenda opposed to further integration with Europe who saw modern Celtic identity as a threat.
3400:
226:
produced by the ancient Celts and early medieval Christianity, along with folk styles. Cultural events to promote "inter-Celtic" cultural exchange also emerged.
477:'Celt' has been adopted as a label of self-identification by a variety of peoples at different times. 'Celticity' can refer to the inferred links between them.
4747:
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3004:
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Celtic from the West Chapter 2: The Celts from everywhere and nowhere: a re-evaluation of the origins of the Celts and the emergence of Celtic cultures
1137:
to enable use of Welsh's existing rich cultural basis rather than having to "reinvent the wheel" in much the same way as has been done successfully in
3903:
1728:
has demonstrated the continuity between the myth known from the early Middle Ages and the customs which survive in the 21st century. Lughnasa, called
1196:
4999:
2720:
5040:
1018:
A Celtic language did not survive in Galicia / Northern Portugal (together Gallaecia), Asturias nor Cantabria, and as such they fall outside of the
2963:
2544:
2682:
1508:, world music, scat singing and hip hop rapping in Celtic languages. Traditional rhythmic styles used to accompany dancing and now performed are
724:(Welsh Parliament). More broadly, distinct identities in opposition to that of the metropolitan capitals have been forged and taken strong root.
1844:
1206:
has by far its highest prevalence rate among people of Celtic ancestry. Other traits far more prevalent among people of Celtic ancestry include
2482:
3433:
3974:
3935:
2422:
844:
article "Celts, politics and motivation in archaeology" replied to Ruth and Vincent Megaw's article questioning the suitability of the term
4616:
856:
Recently, the Insular Celts have increasingly been seen as part of an Atlantic trading-networked culture speaking Celtic languages of the
164:
1468:, has brought much inter-Celtic cross-fertilisation, as, for instance, the revival by Welsh musicians of the use of the mediaeval Welsh
7322:
7227:
5199:
5170:
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1790:
came in part from a visit to Galicia and in particular Santiago de Compostela. Some of her songs are about Celtic feast days such as
488:
were portrayed as a forerunner of the 19th-century struggles in defence of French nationalism, including the wars of both Napoleons (
3374:
1148:
chants are sung around bonfires remembering a Celtic god. There are also modern attempts to revive the polytheistic religion of the
669:
Smaller minorities also have equally proud visions of themselves as irreducibly Welsh, Irish, Manx or Cornish. These identities are
4047:
611:
and the many others influenced by them. This image coloured not only the English perception of their neighbours on the so-called "
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3303:
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1023:
969:
5026:
Patrick Ryan, 'Celticity and storyteller identity: the use and misuse of ethnicity to develop a storyteller's sense of self',
4189:. Sydney, Australia: Sydney Series in Celtic Studies 2, Centre for Celtic Studies, University of Sydney. pp. 83–84, 112.
3575:
Goodacre, S; Helgason, A; Nicholson, J; Southam, L; Ferguson, L; Hickey, E; Vega, E; Stefánsson, K; Ward, R; Sykes, B (2005).
222:
identified as Celtic. Music typically drew on folk traditions within the Celtic nations. Art drew on the decorative styles of
7257:
5646:
4643:
4126:
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2205:
1972:
3480:
3404:
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716:, and in the first two decades of the 21st century Scottish and Welsh Nationalists have supported the institutions of the
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51:
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Similarly, there has been a rebirth of interest in fantasy fiction based on Celtic themes inspired by history and
659:, as opposed to regional, minorities has been periodically recognised by major British newspapers. For example, a
5132:
3085:
1967:
5058:
2519:
1987:
that revived ancient traditions based on the museum pieces that archaeologists had recovered. An example is the
7327:
4822:
4790:
4741:
2596:
2229:
1828:
4847:
3577:"Genetic evidence for a family-based Scandinavian settlement of Shetland and Orkney during the Viking periods"
3060:
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6708:
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styles of singing are performed across the modern Celtic world due to the folk music revival, popularity of
6981:
3910:
665:
editorial in 1990 pointed to these differences, and said that they should be constitutionally recognised:
6181:
5446:
5016:.: This is primarily a descriptive cultural and commercial directory of the Scottish community of Québec.
3992:
1935:
837:
5002:(2006). "Celticism, Celtitude, and Celticity: the consumption of the past in the age of globalization".
1225:
have a population with a large Celtic heritage in genetic terms. Recent DNA analyses have revealed that
6752:
6627:
6232:
6201:
5586:
3653:
Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2003, "Population characteristics: Ancestry of Australia's population"
2978:
2548:
355:). These were either Romanised or Germanised much earlier, before the Early Middle Ages. Nevertheless,
1093:
in about 1018. England as a whole comprises many distinct regions, and some of these regions, such as
1043:
480:
During the 19th century, French nationalists gave a privileged significance to their descent from the
7317:
6713:
6548:
6176:
1750:(evening of the saints), an important day and night and feast among the Celts (in Welsh it is called
1350:
747:
sections below, the richness of these aspects that have captured the world's attention are outlined.
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Some of the most vibrant aspects of modern Celtic culture are music, song and festivals. Under the
713:
200:
4065:
3978:
3939:
3103:
2426:
1214:, with 46% of Irish and at least 36% of Highland Scots being carriers of red-head variants of the
539:, spoken in classical times. The terms Goidelic and Brythonic were first used to describe the two
7312:
6764:
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5958:
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1934:, one of the original leads, also worked with The Chieftains. Flatley later put up his own show,
1924:
1543:
which "frequently involves the blending of traditional and modern forms, e.g. the Celtic-punk of
1385:
1215:
789:(loyalty to kin, mistrust of governmental authority, and military readiness), in contrast to the
548:
1950:
7232:
7151:
7114:
6186:
5476:
5471:
4976:
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2721:"'The mechanism of (Celtic) dreams?': a partial response to our critics. - Free Online Library"
2440:
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1856:
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1707:
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is composed of people whose ancestors were from one of the "Celtic nations". This concerns the
1090:
1035:
1019:
493:
3643:. Gaelic most common mother-tongue among Fathers of Confederation. URL accessed 26 April 2006.
3506:
Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome
2195:
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6998:
6813:
6558:
6458:
5829:
5672:
5651:
2138:
1691:
1667:
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782:
535:, as well as a relationship between these languages and the extinct Celtic languages such as
520:
155:
The concept of modern Celtic identity evolved during the course of the 19th century into the
4960:
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2018:
1955:
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has been applied to a wide variety of peoples and cultural traits present and past. Today,
277:
180:
1938:. The spectacular success of both shows can certainly take the credit for the revitalised
1927:
in Dublin that soon developed into the Irish dance extravaganza the world came to know as
781:, controversially asserts that the early "pioneering" immigrants to North America were of
8:
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1450:. The harp is considered to be the national instrument of Wales and is used to accompany
1207:
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857:
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717:
532:
436:
333:
321:
121:
6427:
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can claim more Celtic heritage than others. In 2009, it was claimed that revival of the
7194:
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6818:
6782:
6703:
6658:
6553:
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6270:
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on the west coast of Ireland on the last Sunday in July (the beginning of harvest) and
1420:
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1336:
819:
In 1996, Ruth Megaw and Emeritus Professor Vincent Megaw of Flinders University in the
344:
196:
184:
160:
137:
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219:
92:
following the identification of the native peoples of the Atlantic fringe as Celts by
7058:
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6732:
6613:
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4818:
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2201:
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2006:
1783:
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1234:
1004:
620:
416:
368:
176:
1923:, New York, in a defining moment that led more than a decade later to a show at the
1725:
336:, and can similarly be described as participating in a Franco-Celtic macro-culture.
96:
in the 18th century. Lhuyd and others (notably the 17th century Breton chronologist
7087:
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7003:
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Allons enfants de quelle patrie? Breton nationalism and the Impressionist aesthetic
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3528:
3255:
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2241:
2056:
2050:
1890:
1873:
1737:
1703:
1460:) where the harpist plays a melody and the singer sings in counterpoint to it. The
1311:
There are three areas outside Europe with communities of Celtic language speakers:
1305:
1251:
1130:
1114:
1086:
977:
628:
600:
540:
516:, the source of the nation code CH and the name used on postage stamps (Helvetia).
403:
255:
208:
172:
129:
117:
97:
70:
28:
4134:
2570:
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6633:
6623:
6608:
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5733:
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5516:
5436:
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5411:
5324:
2884:
2877:"Information on The International Celtic Congress Douglas, Isle of Man hosted by"
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329:
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149:
125:
3484:
2876:
2513:"The Great Starvation and British Imperialism in Ireland (University of Toledo)"
1430:
1073:
Elements of Celtic music, dance, and folklore can be found within England (e.g.
152:
variants) languages, and the people who speak them are considered modern Celts.
7332:
7169:
7159:
7135:
7082:
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6855:
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5118:
5046:
CelticCountries.com – Monthly magazine on current affairs in the Celtic nations
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2002:
were developed in the early 1900s by enterprising island women to earn income.
1916:
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1297:
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799:. Irish Americans also played an important role in the shaping of 19th-century
709:
452:
397:
297:
289:
235:
188:
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141:
133:
89:
74:
4962:
Celtoscepticism. A convenient excuse for ignoring non-archaeological evidence?
3532:
2634:
2245:
1408:
551:, during that century "people who spoke Celtic languages were seen as Celts."
73:, cultures and artistic histories, and who live in or descend from one of the
7306:
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6938:
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6579:
6531:
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1920:
1747:
1679:
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1609:
1556:
1521:
1517:
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1380:
In some former British colonies, or particular regions within them, the term
1277:
1222:
1218:, possibly an adaptation to the cloudy weather of the areas where they live.
1203:
1161:
1078:
777:
772:
765:
The USA has also taken part in discussions of modern Celticity. For example,
728:
705:
596:
559:
555:
554:
At the same time, there was also a tendency to stress other heritages in the
485:
317:
266:
204:
145:
109:
3670:
A Book of Mad Celts: John Wickens and the Celtic Congress of Caernarfon 1904
2929:
The last of the Tinsmiths: The Life of Willy MacPhee, by Shelia Douglas 2006
1030:. Nevertheless, many organisations organised around Celticity consider that
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Celtes et Gaulois dans l’histoire, l’historiographie et l’idéologie moderne
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has to be borne in mind before branching out into other cultural domains.
215:
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93:
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4255:
696:'s GDP per capita in the 1990s for the first time, was given the moniker "
328:
macro-culture. By the same token, the Bretons have been subject to strong
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from Brittany. Other traditional unaccompanied styles sung currently are
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These latter evolutions have proceeded hand in hand with the growth of a
616:
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2391:
Weber, Eugen (1991) "Gauls versus Franks: conflict and nationalism", in
2156:
1904:. Fertility festivals like this used to be celebrated all over Britain.
883:
250:
Traditionally, the essential defining criterion of Celticity is seen as
7122:
7110:
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1980:
1939:
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1901:
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1529:
1501:
1456:
1238:
1138:
1118:
1098:
457:
223:
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1648:
1597:
700:". Thanks in part to campaigning on the part of Cornish regionalists,
496:). Basic French history textbooks emphasised the ways in which Gauls (
6522:
5634:
1767:
1536:
1320:
1285:
1272:
An example of a proposed Pan-Celtic flag created by Robert Berthelier
1179:
1106:
1082:
1012:
681:
676:
612:
524:
392:
384:
265:
is the contemporary inclusive and associative definition proposed by
66:
5834:
5540:
1762:
in Welsh), the start of lambing, now the feast day of St Brigit and
1474:
1237:, tracing female descent, is 84% Celtic. The same can be said about
7179:
6643:
6096:
6051:
6015:
6003:
5849:
5809:
5629:
5621:
5616:
5598:
5521:
5258:
5253:
5238:
4870:
4697:
2801:"Collis, J - Our Staff - Archaeology - The University of Sheffield"
1720:
1699:
1682:
have become the focus for festivals, feasts and marches: Ireland –
1652:
1617:
1560:
1211:
1047:
1008:
993:
960:
945:
935:
908:
900:
766:
701:
528:
509:
508:, when the Swiss were seen to originate in the Celtic tribe of the
432:
424:
412:
380:
376:
5864:
5045:
4566:
3089:
1384:
has emerged as a descriptor of an ethnic grouping. In particular,
359:
origins are many times implied for continental groups such as the
7189:
7164:
7043:
7018:
6653:
6618:
6591:
6518:
6500:
6091:
6027:
5656:
5286:
5263:
4613:
Jack Mulveen. (1994.) "Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Ware",
4580:
Walker, W.; Kelly, T.; MacArthur, E. M.; Breen, A. (9 May 2013).
1894:
1877:
1868:
1863:
1862:
To signal the coming of summer and the return of real warmth, on
1837:
1833:
1813:
1795:
1782:
in Galicia. The inspiration for famous Celtic singer and harpist
1763:
1742:
1469:
1443:
1268:
1242:
1121:, England, however the idea that "Cumbric" was separate from Old
1094:
1055:
940:
892:
751:
624:
536:
388:
293:
113:
3784:"Irish Music and Scottish Music: What's the Difference, Really?"
3753:"The Australian Gaelic Singers at the Sydney A Capella Festival"
2021:
popularized the revival of Celtic Art with his bestselling book
1998:
Textile craft industries based on Celtic fisher designs such as
512:, a link still found in the official Latin name of Switzerland,
252:
peoples and countries that do, or once did, use Celtic languages
7174:
6961:
6743:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
6663:
6638:
6602:
6596:
6509:
6432:
6358:
6277:
5779:
5268:
5213:
2850:
1992:
1755:
1613:
1584:
1552:
1281:
1192:
981:
804:
759:
721:
564:
440:
408:
238:
has called a "politically correct disdain for the use of 'Celt.
105:
78:
5092:
4000:
3808:
3696:
Welsh: a complete course in understanding speaking and writing
2619:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity (Antiquity web site stub)"
2029:
started to hold popular attention from the mid-1970s adopting
2005:
Following the authoritative publications on Celtic Art of the
1254:
in Scotland have populations of mostly Scandinvanian descent.
1221:
Although they are not usually considered a Celtic nation, the
116:. They categorised the ancient Irish and British languages as
6063:
5869:
5814:
5707:
5301:
5243:
5233:
5191:
5141:
4662:
Manuel d'archéologie préhistorique, celtique et gallo-romaine
2545:"Emeritus Professor JVS Megaw and Dr M Ruth Megaw Collection"
1656:
1645:
1621:
1512:
from Scotland, Ireland, and Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia,
1149:
1110:
950:
904:
481:
348:
82:
1919:
and performed five solo dances (including a triple spin) at
1575:
1563:." Pan-Celtic music festivals were established, notably the
6322:
5859:
5839:
5774:
5607:
4922:
The Sea Kingdoms: The History of Celtic Britain and Ireland
3517:
3460:"Celts' red hair could be attributed to the cloudy weather"
3203:
1733:
1548:
1447:
1126:
34:
3353:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 7, 30–31, 86, 177–178.
984:
that is a creole of Irish Gaelic and other languages, and
558:
at certain times. For example, in the Isle of Man, in the
5104:
4579:
2483:"Things Celtic Music Directory : Festivals and Pubs"
1965:, Steve Ball's knotwork appears on the cover of the
1732:
in Welsh, is a summer feast and was dedicated to the god
1485:
and famous Scottish pipes, or the Scots have revived the
1141:, another area where elements of Celtic culture survive.
871:, itself criticised in 2004 by Ruth and Vincent Megaw in
568:
heritage was emphasised, and in Scotland, both Norse and
254:
and it is asserted that an index of connectedness to the
4459:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. pp. 168–169.
2826:"John Collis. The Celts: origins, myths and inventions"
2033:
in comic strip form in his series of books and posters
1889:
procession to an ancient tune made famous in the song "
693:
2746:"Simon James's Ancient Celts Page – Further info"
2350:. University of California Press. pp. 12, 26–29.
1539:
led to the creation of a popular music genre labelled
1373:
for a separate province in Canada, as espoused by the
825:
article "Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity" examined
527:
established that there was a relationship between the
324:, and hence are also described as participating in an
159:. By the late 19th century, it often took the form of
6055:
4541:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. pp. 31–32.
4532:
4530:
4528:
4526:
3107:
3053:
E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
3012:
E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
2971:
E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
1674:
The birthdays of the most important Celtic Saints of
968:
These six nations alone are considered Celtic by the
925:
Six nations tend to be most associated with a modern
120:. The descendants of these ancient languages are the
52:
43:
31:
6441:
4638:. New York: Dover Publications Inc. pp. 10–13.
2139:"Celtic Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
1567:
founded in 1971, which has occurred annually since.
40:
37:
5095:– Welsh Music Foundation artists (Cymraeg, English)
1995:since at least 1700, but popularised in the 1840s.
867:of the University of Sheffield wrote a book titled
684:will never know. Any new constitutional settlement
4523:
4484:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. p. 168.
4450:
4448:
4372:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. p. 174.
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
3882:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. p. 169.
3561:Wang, C. August. 2006. Ílegur og Føroya Søga. In:
3344:
3342:
1388:is a term comprising about 80% of the population.
1257:
647:Cloths tied to a tree near Madron Well in Cornwall
2869:
2658:"Professor Simon James — University of Leicester"
2374:An introduction to the study of ancient geography
2025:first published in 1951. Irish artist and writer
1872:), the May Day festival time, dances such as the
1746:, a word that is still in use in Gaelic refer to
891:within their modern borders are shown in yellow (
785:origins. He goes on to argue that their distinct
778:Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America
446:
7304:
5012:(1999). Montréal: Conseil québécois du Chardon.
4583:The Modern History of Celtic Jewellery 1840-1980
4422:
4420:
4023:"St Andrew's Day: Scotland and around the world"
2597:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity (full text)"
1276:A significant portion of the populations of the
814:
712:. Scotland and Wales obtained agencies like the
214:The Celtic revival also led to the emergence of
4892:
4563:"Gaelforce Dance – The Irish Dance Spectacular"
4498:
4445:
4171:
3975:"St Patrick's Day Parades and Events Worldwide"
3685:, (Center for European Studies working papers).
3339:
3002:
2843:
2700:"Celts, politics and motivation in archaeology"
2300:Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales website
638:
207:in 1961, dedicated to preserving the surviving
3618:Emblèmes et symboles des Bretons et des Celtes
1804:CD which featured in the erotic thriller film
807:movement and the development of view that the
195:, the focus of the Celtic movement shifted to
6019:
5126:
4684:Jacobsthal, Paul (1944). "Early Celtic Art".
4473:
4417:
4099:
3871:
3043:
2290:
2288:
2013:periods by Joseph Déchelette (1908–1914) and
1907:In the early 1980s seven-time world champion
1144:Similarly, in France outside of Brittany, in
988:called "Tinkers" who speak a language called
6007:
4617:Galway Archaeological and Historical Society
4539:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age
4482:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age
4457:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age
4431:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 104–106.
4370:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age
3880:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age
3282:"The Gods of Gaul and the Continental Celts"
3189:
3187:
3005:"Oppida and Celtic society in western Spain"
2738:
980:called "Pavee" that speak a language called
6067:
6031:
5105:KESSON The Cornish Musician's Collaborative
5052:"National Geographic Map: The Celtic Realm"
4812:
3694:Brake, Julie & Jones, Christine (2000)
3003:Álvarez-Sanchís, Jesús (28 February 2005).
2932:
2681:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2271:. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp. 39–64.
2040:
929:, and are considered the "Celtic nations".
165:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
6043:
5140:
5133:
5119:
5101:– Celtic Lyrics Corner (Gàidhlig, English)
5006:. Bibracte, Centre Archéologique Européen.
4683:
4665:. Paris: Librairie Alphonse Picard et fils
4658:
4509:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 15–17.
4212:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Lughnassadh"
3851:Robertson, Boyd & Taylor, Iain (1993)
3401:"Siol Ghoraidh - The Geneology Of Goraidh"
3170:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 20–22.
3161:
3159:
2923:
2285:
2260:
1651:) are seen as an equivalent to the Breton
1361:The most common mother-tongue amongst the
4902:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
4774:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4692:(1–2). Oxford: Clarendon Press: 191–198.
4361:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4152:
3592:
3184:
3046:"Briga Toponyms in the Iberian Peninsula"
2617:Megaw, J. V. S & M. R. (March 1996).
2423:"A brief history of the Cornish language"
2197:Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopedia
2057:the vast body of Celtic myths and legends
1442:Celticism came to be associated with the
1434:Breton harpist and Celtic music exponent
504:for 19th-century nationalism was made in
187:movements, giving rise to the concept of
4633:
4607:
4536:
4479:
4454:
4367:
3962:Gaelic – A Complete Course for Beginners
3877:
3698:. London: Hodder & Stoughton; p. 265
3615:
3568:
3304:"Gaulish Polytheistic Reconstructionism"
3044:García Alonso, Juan (14 February 2006).
2694:
2692:
2343:
2328:
1949:
1843:
1827:
1702:'s Feast Day and Brittany – Fête de la
1574:
1429:
1407:
1267:
882:
642:
547:in his 1707 study and, according to the
456:
288:is often used to describe people of the
5023:. George Braziller, Inc, New York City.
4837:
4730:Celtic Art: The Methods of Construction
3855:. London: Hodder & Stoughton; p. 53
3853:Gaelic: a complete course for beginners
3427:"Haemochromatosis - The Celtic Disease"
3223:
3156:
2907:"Visio-Map of Europe Celtic Europe.vsd"
2370:
2322:
2304:Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales
2184:, Oxford University Press, 1997, p.276.
2023:Celtic Art: The Methods of Construction
986:Indigenous Highland Scottish Travellers
869:The Celts: Origins, Myths and Invention
840:of the University of Leicester in the
692:The Republic of Ireland, on surpassing
175:, in 1922. There were also significant
16:Classification of related ethnic groups
7305:
5984:
4919:
4765:
4504:
4426:
4403:"Explore the Music: Loreena McKennitt"
4341:
4278:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Beltane"
4234:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Samhain"
4184:
4149:
3348:
3234:. London: Harper Collins. p. 20.
3229:
3165:
2961:
2187:
1736:. Of great interest is the use in the
1365:which saw the formation of Canada was
1166:Scottish Gaelic personal naming system
795:settlers, helped construct the modern
407:, respectively, in turn named for the
104:writers with the pre-Roman peoples of
7216:
7108:
6887:
6689:
6121:
5901:
5552:
5189:
5114:
4938:
4778:
4736:. London: Constable and Company Ltd.
4586:. Walker Metalsmiths. pp. 1–76.
4352:
4297:
4256:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Imbolc"
4162:
4127:"Grand Pardon de sainte Anne d'Auray"
3672:, Llandysul: Gomer Press, 2000, p. 38
3260:Derbywelshlearnerscircle.blogspot.com
3193:
2798:
2689:
2616:
2439:
2227:
232:The Celts: The Construction of a Myth
4958:
4941:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity"
4898:
4785:. Ceredigion: Y Lolfa. p. 156.
4726:
4327:. Carousel Books. pp. 197–201.
4322:
3993:"The National St David's Day Parade"
2962:Gamito, Teresa (10 September 2005).
2393:Nationhood and Nationalism in France
2266:
2230:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity"
2228:Megaw, J. V. S. & M. R. (1996).
2193:
343:for European cultures deriving from
261:An alternative approach to defining
88:A modern Celtic identity emerged in
7109:
4939:Megaw, J. V. S & M. R. (1996).
2507:
1300:), but to a lesser extent also the
1089:survived until the collapse of the
13:
4868:
4302:. London: Blandford. p. 136.
3781:
3457:
2518:. The Irish People. Archived from
2447:. Tor Mark Press. pp. 20–22.
1945:
1472:under the influence of the Breton
609:Théodore Hersart de la Villemarqué
203:, e.g. with the foundation of the
14:
7344:
7323:Ethnic groups in Europe by region
6539:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
5034:
4357:. Thames and Hudson. p. 672.
4275:
4253:
4231:
4209:
4167:. Thames and Hudson. p. 671.
3960:Robertson, Boyd and Taylor, Iain
3329:"Gaulish Reconstructionist Forum"
2772:"O'Donnell Lecture 2008 Appendix"
2594:
2445:The Story of the Cornish Language
1766:, the spring feast, now May Day (
1632:Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
1581:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
1565:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
1129:magazine that revivalists in the
878:
339:Less common is the assumption of
171:resulted in the secession of the
100:) equated the Celts described by
7289:
5902:
5539:
5019:O'Driscoll, Robert (ed.) (1981)
4862:
4831:
4806:
4720:
4677:
4652:
4627:
4573:
4555:
4325:Everyday Life of the Pagan Celts
2655:
2296:"Who were the Celts? ... Rhagor"
1893:" through the streets of nearby
1264:Celtic diaspora (disambiguation)
1229:, tracing male descent, are 87%
1191:as illustrated by lyrics of the
1070:compiled by Vincent F. Pintado.
27:
4779:Ellis, Peter Beresford (2002).
4395:
4386:
4316:
4291:
4269:
4247:
4225:
4203:
4119:
4093:
4072:
4058:
4040:
4015:
3985:
3967:
3954:
3928:
3896:
3866:Popular Music: the key concepts
3858:
3845:
3823:
3801:
3775:
3745:
3723:
3701:
3688:
3675:
3662:
3646:
3634:
3609:
3555:
3511:
3499:
3483:. Scotlands DNA. Archived from
3473:
3451:
3419:
3393:
3367:
3321:
3296:
3274:
3248:
3143:
3122:
3096:
3078:
3037:
2996:
2955:
2899:
2818:
2792:
2764:
2713:
2649:
2610:
2588:
2563:
2537:
2501:
2475:
2461:
2433:
2415:
2402:
2385:
2364:
2337:
2157:"Celtic League – About us"
1942:of the last half of the 1990s.
1258:Migration from Celtic countries
688:will be built on uneven ground.
3757:Sydneyacappellafestival.com.au
3659:). Retrieved 1 September 2006.
3657:Australian Social Trends, 2003
2371:Laurent, Peter Edmund (1868).
2221:
2174:
2149:
2131:
2111:
1880:in Cornwall are held with the
1840:celebration in Welwyn, England
680:, much less proud people from
447:Celtic revival and romanticism
245:
77:on the western extremities of
1:
7258:Celtic place names in Galicia
6888:
4300:Holy Places of Celtic Britain
3641:Ministry of Canadian Heritage
3256:"Derby Welsh Learners Circle"
2940:Travellers and their Language
2425:. Maga Kernow. Archived from
2344:Wightman, Edith Mary (1985).
1296:most significantly (see also
815:Criticism of modern Celticism
498:"Nos ancêtres les Gaulois..."
6690:
5200:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
4893:General and cited references
4871:"The Art of Courtney Davies"
3196:"Cumbrian Welsh – an update"
2938:Kirk, J. & Ó Baoill, D.
2333:. Penguin Books. p. 53.
2306:. 4 May 2007. Archived from
2104:
1570:
1241:. The founder population of
1199:"The Genealogy of Goraidh".
829:particularly in relation to
639:Contemporary Celtic identity
583:was cultivated by the early
7:
6182:Welsh literature in English
6122:
5553:
5279:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
5190:
4659:Déchelette, Joseph (1914).
2595:Megaw, J. V. S & M. R.
2194:Koch, John T., ed. (2005).
2062:
1438:at Nuremberg, Germany, 2007
1204:hereditary haemochromatosis
1155:
686:which ignores these factors
655:groups' distinctiveness as
10:
7349:
6202:Scottish Gaelic literature
5587:Brigantia (ancient region)
5081:Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia
3731:"Celtic Music Instruments"
3709:"Celtic Music Instruments"
3130:"Gallaic Revival Movement"
2944:Queen's University Belfast
2799:Sheffield, University of.
2044:
1832:Children dancing around a
1625:
1595:
1589:
1401:
1395:
1261:
1159:
918:
762:are seen as being Celtic.
465:. Front row: Pedwr James,
450:
234:led to what archaeologist
163:, particularly within the
7280:
7223:
7217:
7212:
7150:
7121:
7104:
7067:
6989:
6980:
6952:
6924:
6896:
6883:
6836:
6801:
6775:
6696:
6685:
6572:
6549:Hebridean Celtic Festival
6486:
6388:
6367:
6336:
6251:
6210:
6177:Welsh-language literature
6132:
6128:
6117:
6079:
5993:
5910:
5897:
5767:
5726:
5665:
5561:
5548:
5537:
5374:
5343:
5277:
5198:
5185:
5152:
4996:. Oxford University Press
4986:. Oxford University Press
4920:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
4840:"Jim Fitzpatrick Gallery"
4813:Fitzpatrick, Jim (1978).
4537:Melhuish, Martin (1998).
4505:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
4480:Melhuish, Martin (1998).
4455:Melhuish, Martin (1998).
4427:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
4368:Melhuish, Martin (1998).
4353:Kruta, Venceslas (1991).
4163:Kruta, Venceslas (1991).
4066:"St Maughold's Feast Day"
3878:Melhuish, Martin (1998).
3533:10.1007/s00439-004-1117-7
3349:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
3230:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
3166:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
2857:. The Celtic League. 2010
2635:10.1017/S0003598X00083046
2246:10.1017/S0003598X00083046
1369:. There is a movement in
631:, and the revival of the
572:heritage was emphasised.
169:Irish War of Independence
65:) are a related group of
6982:Ancient Celtic languages
5021:The Celtic Consciousness
4686:Journal of Roman Studies
4634:Starmore, Alice (2010).
3831:"Welsh Music Foundation"
3153:. Reaktion Books, p. 118
2883:(in Irish and English).
2200:. ABC-Clio. p. xx.
2143:dictionary.cambridge.org
2041:Literature and mythology
2017:(1944), Scottish artist
1823:
1592:List of Celtic festivals
1391:
1375:Cape Breton Labour Party
1363:Fathers of Confederation
811:was a British atrocity.
714:Welsh Development Agency
541:Celtic language families
473:, Professor Paul Barbier
415:. The Latin name of the
7253:Gaulish words in French
7238:Celtic words in English
5497:Scottish New Zealanders
5387:Anglo-Celtic Australian
4979:(1992) "Introduction".
4185:Cremin, Aedeen (1992).
3681:Bempéchat, Paul-André,
3616:Kervella, Divi (2016).
3086:"Old Celtic Dictionary"
2964:"The Celts in Portugal"
2881:Celtic Congress website
2472:, editorial, 8 May 1990
2441:Ellis, Peter Berresford
2397:American Anthropologist
2329:Chadwick, Nora (1970).
2035:Nuada of the Silver Arm
1925:Eurovision Song Contest
1788:The Mask and the Mirror
1551:... the Celtic-rock of
1547:, the ambient music of
1495:Scottish Highland pipes
1386:Anglo-Celtic Australian
1178:A profound interest in
1117:was being attempted in
579:image of the Celt as a
421:Confoederatio Helvetica
6187:Early Irish literature
6068:
6056:
6044:
6032:
6020:
6008:
5477:Scotch-Irish Canadians
5472:Scotch-Irish Americans
5010:Les Écossais du Québec
4959:Karl, Raimund (2004).
3909:. 2008. Archived from
3904:"Wales – Land of Song"
3833:(in Welsh and English)
3811:(in Welsh and English)
3594:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800661
3149:Fischer, S. R. (2004)
2267:Karl, Raimund (2010).
2119:"History of the Celts"
2094:New religious movement
1976:
1915:toured the world with
1859:
1857:Fort Collins, Colorado
1841:
1786:'s million-selling CD
1780:Santiago de Compostela
1760:Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau
1587:
1532:, both from Scotland.
1489:from Irish influence.
1439:
1416:
1273:
1091:Kingdom of Strathclyde
916:
860:and probably earlier.
690:
648:
519:Before the advance of
514:Confœderatio Helvetica
494:Napoleon III of France
474:
267:Vincent and Ruth Megaw
7328:Ethnicity in politics
6814:Scottish independence
6559:Celtic Media Festival
6442:National music scenes
5673:Proto-Celtic religion
5375:Related ethnic groups
5099:Puirt a beul in Cliar
4815:The Book of Conquests
4727:Bain, George (1951).
4131:Sainte-anne-auray.net
4102:"Fete de la St -Yves"
3194:Lewis, Colin (2009).
2855:Celtic League website
1983:has been seen in the
1953:
1847:
1831:
1668:Celtic Media Festival
1626:Further information:
1578:
1433:
1412:Traditional Galician
1411:
1404:List of Celtic choirs
1402:Further information:
1271:
1202:The genetic disorder
1160:Further information:
1068:Old Celtic Dictionary
1034:/ Northern Portugal (
886:
667:
646:
627:, the revival of the
549:National Museum Wales
521:Indo-European studies
460:
451:Further information:
7138:(Medieval Welsh law)
6748:Scottish nationalism
6398:Ancient Celtic music
5718:Romano-Celtic temple
5527:Welsh New Zealanders
5452:Irish New Zealanders
4994:The Isles: a history
4875:Courtneydavisart.com
4569:on 20 February 2012.
4298:Sharp, Mark (1997).
3284:. pp. Chapter 3
2429:on 25 December 2008.
1851:: Irish dancers at
1706:and Grand Pardon of
1353:with Irish-speaking
1339:in Nova Scotia with
1323:with Welsh-speaking
1064:Atebivota Dictionary
996:of Scottish Gaelic.
593:Lady Charlotte Guest
585:William Butler Yeats
490:Napoleon I of France
423:, harks back to the
230:Chapman's 1992 book
6828:Irish republicanism
6809:Breton independence
6788:Scottish devolution
6721:Cornish nationalism
6544:Pan Celtic Festival
6418:Scottish folk music
6172:Scottish literature
5698:Celtic Christianity
5502:Scottish Travellers
5487:Scottish Argentines
5331:Scottish Travellers
5107:(Kernewek, English)
5064:on 6 September 2006
4899:Koch, John (2006).
4323:Ross, Anne (1972).
4187:The Celts in Europe
4100:Bretons de Sydney.
4054:on 26 January 2012.
3868:, Routledge; p. 38.
3864:Shuker, Roy (2005)
3151:History of Language
3092:on 4 November 2012.
3059:(1). Archived from
3018:(1). Archived from
2977:(1). Archived from
2851:"The Celtic League"
2489:on 25 December 2010
2377:. Oxford. pp.
1816:Fire Dance" on the
1708:Sainte-Anne-d'Auray
1698:, Isle of Man – St
1684:Saint Patrick's Day
1676:Celtic Christianity
1208:lactase persistence
863:In 2003, Professor
858:Atlantic Bronze Age
801:Irish republicanism
775:, in his 2004 book
718:Scottish Parliament
704:was able to obtain
671:distinctly national
533:Brythonic languages
484:. The struggles of
334:Early Modern period
322:Early Modern period
6819:Welsh independence
6783:Cornish devolution
6704:Breton nationalism
6554:Celtic Connections
6157:Cornish literature
5507:Ulster Protestants
5492:Scottish Canadians
5482:Scottish Americans
5392:Anglo-Irish people
4869:Davies, Courtney.
4844:Jimfitzpatrick.com
4838:Fitzpatrick, Jim.
4753:on 4 February 2015
4106:Home.exetel.com.au
3788:Scottalarik.com.au
3458:Moffat, Alistair.
3066:on 6 February 2012
2830:Thefreelibrary.com
2752:on 2 November 2010
2725:Thefreelibrary.com
2551:on 4 February 2015
2310:on 5 February 2015
2084:Celtic Neopaganism
1977:
1897:together with the
1876:dance festival at
1860:
1842:
1692:Saint Andrew's Day
1588:
1440:
1421:Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
1417:
1345:Scottish Canadians
1337:Cape Breton Island
1274:
917:
675:proud people from
649:
475:
345:Continental Celtic
197:linguistic revival
185:Breton nationalist
161:ethnic nationalism
69:who share similar
7300:
7299:
7276:
7275:
7208:
7207:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7059:Cisalpine Gaulish
6879:
6878:
6765:national identity
6760:Welsh nationalism
6753:national identity
6733:Irish nationalism
6681:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6614:Cornish wrestling
6482:
6481:
6403:Breton Folk music
6368:Regional cultures
6211:National cultures
6197:Gaelic literature
6152:Breton literature
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6104:
5893:
5892:
5805:Chief of the Name
5678:Celtic polytheism
5595:Sub-Roman Britain
5535:
5534:
5422:Irish Australians
5402:Cornish Americans
5361:Scottish diaspora
4924:. HarperCollins.
4645:978-0-486-47842-5
4048:"St Piran's Tide"
3809:"Dan Y Cownter 3"
3487:on 1 January 2015
3375:"Family Ancestry"
3335:on 15 April 2013.
3262:. 9 December 2017
3110:on 18 August 2013
3104:"Gallaic Revival"
2984:on 8 October 2012
2410:Romance Languages
2278:978-1-84217-410-4
2207:978-1-85109-440-0
2182:The Ancient Celts
2047:Celtic literature
1973:King Crimson
1936:Lord of the Dance
1853:St. Patrick's Day
1784:Loreena McKennitt
1696:Saint Piran's Day
1688:Saint David's Day
1535:The emergence of
1516:from Ireland and
1500:Unaccompanied or
1491:Charles le Goffic
1235:mitochondrial DNA
1005:Northern Portugal
797:American identity
708:funding from the
621:Irish nationalism
439:of France to the
417:Swiss Confederacy
81:populated by the
60:pronunciation of
7340:
7318:Cultural regions
7293:
7214:
7213:
7106:
7105:
7088:Galwegian Gaelic
6987:
6986:
6885:
6884:
6793:Welsh devolution
6687:
6686:
6439:
6438:
6428:Sean-nós singing
6423:Welsh folk music
6413:Irish folk music
6380:Highland culture
6162:Irish literature
6142:Arthurian Legend
6130:
6129:
6119:
6118:
6071:
6059:
6047:
6035:
6023:
6011:
5991:
5990:
5982:
5981:
5959:Neo-Christianity
5899:
5898:
5830:Gaelic astrology
5790:Celtic festivals
5693:Celtic mythology
5666:Ancient religion
5583:Iron Age Britain
5550:
5549:
5543:
5522:Welsh Argentines
5462:Irish Uruguayans
5457:Irish Travellers
5427:Irish Brazilians
5417:Irish Argentines
5397:Breton Americans
5351:Cornish diaspora
5313:Irish Travellers
5187:
5186:
5179:Celtic languages
5135:
5128:
5121:
5112:
5111:
5077:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5063:
5057:. Archived from
5056:
5041:The Celtic Realm
5000:Dietler, Michael
4983:Celtic Mythology
4973:
4971:
4969:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4935:
4916:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4846:. Archived from
4835:
4829:
4828:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4776:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4752:
4746:. Archived from
4735:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4631:
4625:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4565:. Archived from
4559:
4553:
4552:
4534:
4521:
4520:
4507:The Sea Kingdoms
4502:
4496:
4495:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4452:
4443:
4442:
4429:The Sea Kingdoms
4424:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4350:
4339:
4338:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4182:
4169:
4168:
4160:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4133:. Archived from
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4050:. Archived from
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3999:. Archived from
3989:
3983:
3982:
3977:. Archived from
3971:
3965:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3938:. Archived from
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3908:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3875:
3869:
3862:
3856:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3759:. Archived from
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3705:
3699:
3692:
3686:
3679:
3673:
3668:Loffler, Marion
3666:
3660:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3572:
3566:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3432:. Archived from
3431:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3403:. Archived from
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3377:. Archived from
3371:
3365:
3364:
3351:The Sea Kingdoms
3346:
3337:
3336:
3331:. Archived from
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3232:The Sea Kingdoms
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3181:
3168:The Sea Kingdoms
3163:
3154:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3106:. Archived from
3100:
3094:
3093:
3088:. Archived from
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3050:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3009:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2968:
2959:
2953:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2776:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2748:. Archived from
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2629:(267): 175–181.
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2547:. Archived from
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2517:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2485:. Archived from
2479:
2473:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2419:
2413:
2408:Posner, Rebecca.
2406:
2400:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2240:(267): 175–181.
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2191:
2185:
2180:Barry Cunliffe,
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2161:Celticleague.net
2153:
2147:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2115:
2051:Celtic mythology
1985:Celtic jewellery
1960:
1891:The Floral Dance
1738:Coligny calendar
1514:Sean-nós singing
1325:Welsh Argentines
1315:the province of
1306:Cornish diaspora
1252:Shetland Islands
1131:north of England
1115:Cumbric language
1087:Cumbric language
978:Irish Travellers
629:Cornish language
601:James Macpherson
404:Gallia Aquitania
256:Celtic languages
241:
209:Celtic languages
173:Irish Free State
118:Celtic languages
71:Celtic languages
55:
50:
49:
46:
45:
42:
39:
36:
33:
7348:
7347:
7343:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7296:
7272:
7219:
7204:
7146:
7142:Early Scots law
7131:Early Irish law
7117:
7092:
7069:Scottish Gaelic
7063:
7004:Proto-Brittonic
6976:
6972:Beurla Reagaird
6948:
6944:Scottish Gaelic
6920:
6892:
6875:
6871:Columba Project
6851:Celtic Congress
6832:
6797:
6771:
6692:
6673:
6634:Gaelic handball
6624:Gaelic football
6609:Cornish hurling
6568:
6478:
6437:
6384:
6363:
6349:Gaelic clothing
6332:
6247:
6206:
6167:Manx literature
6124:
6101:
6080:Other claimants
6075:
5980:
5930:Celtic Congress
5906:
5889:
5785:Celtic calendar
5763:
5722:
5661:
5557:
5544:
5531:
5517:Welsh Americans
5437:Irish Catholics
5432:Irish Canadians
5412:Irish Americans
5370:
5344:Celtic diaspora
5339:
5273:
5202:
5194:
5181:
5148:
5139:
5093:Dan Y Cownter 3
5075:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5050:
5037:
4967:
4965:
4949:
4947:
4932:
4913:
4895:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4877:
4867:
4863:
4853:
4851:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4817:. Paper Tiger.
4811:
4807:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4777:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4682:
4678:
4668:
4666:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4632:
4628:
4615:Journal of the
4612:
4608:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4578:
4574:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4549:
4535:
4524:
4517:
4503:
4499:
4492:
4478:
4474:
4467:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4425:
4418:
4408:
4406:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4380:
4366:
4362:
4351:
4342:
4335:
4321:
4317:
4310:
4296:
4292:
4282:
4280:
4274:
4270:
4260:
4258:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4230:
4226:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4183:
4172:
4161:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4110:
4108:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4006:
4004:
4003:on 4 March 2017
3997:Stdavidsday.org
3991:
3990:
3986:
3981:on 25 May 2010.
3973:
3972:
3968:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3916:on 16 July 2011
3913:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3890:
3876:
3872:
3863:
3859:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3782:Alarik, Scott.
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3736:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3693:
3689:
3680:
3676:
3667:
3663:
3651:
3647:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3620:. Coop Breizh.
3614:
3610:
3573:
3569:
3560:
3556:
3516:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3439:on 4 March 2016
3436:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3407:on 17 July 2012
3399:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3381:on 11 July 2012
3373:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3347:
3340:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3164:
3157:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3025:on 24 June 2011
3022:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2885:Celtic Congress
2875:
2874:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2805:Sheffield.ac.uk
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2674:
2673:
2666:
2664:
2654:
2650:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2575:Flinders.edu.au
2571:"Vincent Megaw"
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2525:on 18 July 2013
2522:
2515:
2509:Metress, Seamus
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2438:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2407:
2403:
2390:
2386:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2342:
2338:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2265:
2261:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2127:. 7 April 2014.
2117:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2074:Celtic Congress
2065:
2053:
2045:Main articles:
2043:
2031:Irish mythology
2027:Jim Fitzpatrick
2015:Paul Jacobsthal
1958:
1948:
1946:Arts and crafts
1913:Michael Flatley
1849:Irish stepdance
1826:
1818:Parallel Dreams
1792:All Souls Night
1634:
1624:
1594:
1573:
1493:introduced the
1425:Paul Ladmirault
1406:
1400:
1394:
1355:Irish Canadians
1341:Scottish Gaelic
1266:
1260:
1189:Christian names
1176:
1158:
1075:Yan Tan Tethera
1028:Celtic Congress
990:Beurla Reagaird
974:Celtic Congress
927:Celtic identity
923:
881:
831:Celtic identity
827:ethnic identity
817:
756:Gaelic football
750:Sports such as
641:
615:" (compare the
471:Théodore Botrel
469:, Léna Botrel,
463:Gwyneth Vaughan
455:
449:
387:. The names of
330:Frenchification
248:
239:
220:artistic styles
53:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7346:
7336:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7313:Celtic Revival
7298:
7297:
7295:
7294:
7287:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7210:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7160:Gaelic warfare
7156:
7154:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7136:Cyfraith Hywel
7133:
7127:
7125:
7119:
7118:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7085:
7083:Deeside Gaelic
7080:
7074:
7072:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7061:
7056:
7054:Hispano-Celtic
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7009:Proto-Goidelic
7006:
7001:
6995:
6993:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6958:
6956:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6930:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6902:
6900:
6894:
6893:
6881:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6861:Celtic society
6858:
6856:Celtic Revival
6853:
6848:
6842:
6840:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6824:United Ireland
6821:
6816:
6811:
6805:
6803:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6693:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6669:Welsh handball
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6649:Highland games
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6582:
6576:
6574:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6535:
6534:
6525:
6516:
6507:
6492:
6490:
6484:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6445:
6443:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6394:
6392:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6375:Gaelic culture
6371:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6354:Highland dress
6351:
6346:
6340:
6338:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6318:Pictish stones
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6138:
6136:
6126:
6125:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6061:
6049:
6037:
6025:
6013:
6000:
5998:
5988:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5961:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5944:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5922:
5920:Celtic nations
5917:
5915:Celtic Revival
5911:
5908:
5907:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5688:Celtic Animism
5685:
5683:Celtic deities
5680:
5675:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5642:Cisalpine Gaul
5639:
5638:
5637:
5632:
5614:
5605:
5580:
5571:
5569:Gaelic Ireland
5565:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5546:
5545:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5467:Manx Americans
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5442:Irish Chileans
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5407:English people
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5366:Welsh diaspora
5363:
5358:
5356:Irish diaspora
5353:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5322:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5210:
5208:
5196:
5195:
5183:
5182:
5163:Celtic studies
5155:Celtic nations
5153:
5150:
5149:
5138:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5048:
5043:
5036:
5035:External links
5033:
5032:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5007:
4997:
4990:Davies, Norman
4987:
4981:Dictionary of
4974:
4956:
4936:
4930:
4917:
4911:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4861:
4830:
4823:
4805:
4791:
4764:
4742:
4719:
4698:10.2307/298471
4676:
4651:
4644:
4626:
4606:
4593:978-0615805290
4592:
4572:
4554:
4547:
4522:
4515:
4497:
4490:
4472:
4465:
4444:
4437:
4416:
4405:. Quinlan Road
4394:
4392:CD liner notes
4385:
4378:
4360:
4340:
4333:
4315:
4308:
4290:
4268:
4246:
4224:
4202:
4195:
4170:
4148:
4137:on 11 May 2015
4118:
4092:
4071:
4057:
4039:
4014:
3984:
3966:
3953:
3942:on 14 May 2010
3936:"Celtic Music"
3927:
3895:
3888:
3870:
3857:
3844:
3822:
3800:
3774:
3763:on 1 June 2011
3744:
3722:
3700:
3687:
3674:
3661:
3645:
3633:
3627:978-2843468179
3626:
3608:
3587:(2): 129–135.
3567:
3554:
3521:Human Genetics
3510:
3498:
3472:
3450:
3418:
3392:
3366:
3359:
3338:
3320:
3295:
3273:
3247:
3240:
3222:
3183:
3176:
3155:
3142:
3121:
3095:
3077:
3036:
2995:
2954:
2931:
2922:
2898:
2868:
2842:
2817:
2791:
2763:
2737:
2712:
2688:
2648:
2609:
2587:
2562:
2536:
2500:
2474:
2460:
2453:
2432:
2414:
2401:
2384:
2363:
2356:
2347:Gallia Belgica
2336:
2321:
2284:
2277:
2259:
2220:
2206:
2186:
2173:
2148:
2130:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Celtic Revival
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2042:
2039:
1947:
1944:
1917:The Chieftains
1825:
1822:
1776:Croagh Patrick
1726:Máire MacNeill
1606:Mod (Scotland)
1590:Main article:
1579:Pipers at the
1572:
1569:
1522:waulking songs
1396:Main article:
1393:
1390:
1359:
1358:
1347:
1334:
1302:Welsh diaspora
1298:Irish American
1294:Irish diaspora
1262:Main article:
1259:
1256:
1233:, whereas the
1184:family history
1174:Welsh surnames
1157:
1154:
1060:Castro culture
1044:Tras-os-Montes
966:
965:
964:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
921:Celtic nations
919:Main article:
889:Celtic nations
880:
879:Celtic nations
877:
816:
813:
710:European Union
673:in ways which
640:
637:
617:stage Irishman
453:Celtic Revival
448:
445:
427:, the name of
398:Gallia Belgica
290:Celtic nations
247:
244:
236:Barry Cunliffe
189:Celtic nations
157:Celtic Revival
136:variants) and
90:Western Europe
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7345:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7292:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7279:
7269:
7268:– in Portugal
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7248:– in Galician
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7222:
7215:
7211:
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7112:
7107:
7103:
7089:
7086:
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6988:
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6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6886:
6882:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6846:Celtic League
6844:
6843:
6841:
6839:
6838:Pan-Celticism
6835:
6829:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6800:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6774:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6761:
6758:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6719:
6715:
6714:reunification
6712:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6695:
6688:
6684:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6622:
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6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6604:
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6598:
6595:
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6511:
6508:
6506:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6494:
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6475:
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6446:
6444:
6440:
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6431:
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6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6387:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6328:Triple spiral
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
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6256:
6254:
6250:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
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6224:
6221:
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6216:
6215:
6213:
6209:
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6185:
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6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6147:Bardic Poetry
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6120:
6116:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6070:
6065:
6062:
6058:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6041:
6038:
6034:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6017:
6014:
6010:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5995:Celtic League
5992:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5935:Celtic League
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5925:Pan-Celticism
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5900:
5896:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5825:Gaelicisation
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5800:Celticisation
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5608:Iron Age Gaul
5606:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5591:Roman Britain
5588:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5551:
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5542:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5447:Irish Mexican
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5304:
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2100:
2099:Pan-Celticism
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2087:
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2079:Celtic League
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2036:
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2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:Claddagh ring
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1961:monograph on
1957:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:Carnegie Hall
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
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1870:
1865:
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1836:as part of a
1835:
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1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1694:, Cornwall –
1693:
1690:, Scotland –
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:Celtic nation
1677:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1642:Fleadh Cheoil
1639:
1636:The Scottish
1633:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:Fleadh Cheoil
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1557:Rawlins Cross
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1526:psalm singing
1523:
1519:
1518:Kan ha diskan
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:Celtic choirs
1503:
1498:
1497:to Brittany.
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1464:, applied to
1463:
1462:roots revival
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1278:United States
1270:
1265:
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1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:Y chromosomes
1224:
1223:Faroe Islands
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
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1200:
1198:
1197:Sìol Ghoraidh
1194:
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1163:
1162:Scottish clan
1153:
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1120:
1116:
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1096:
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1084:
1080:
1079:well dressing
1076:
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1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
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1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:Celtic League
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
970:Celtic League
962:
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952:
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839:
834:
832:
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812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:
788:
787:Celtic traits
784:
780:
779:
774:
773:James H. Webb
771:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
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733:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:Objective One
703:
699:
695:
689:
687:
683:
679:
678:
672:
666:
664:
663:
658:
654:
653:modern Celtic
645:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:Celtic fringe
610:
606:
605:Chateaubriand
602:
598:
597:Lady Llanover
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
566:
561:
560:Victorian era
557:
556:British Isles
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:Vercingetorix
483:
478:
472:
468:
467:Émile Hamonic
464:
459:
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:
400:
399:
395:hark back to
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:Anglicisation
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:Enlightenment
274:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
243:
237:
233:
227:
225:
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
205:Celtic League
202:
201:protectionism
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
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123:
119:
115:
111:
110:Great Britain
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
86:
84:
80:
76:
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7285:Celts portal
7243:– in Spanish
7078:Arran Gaelic
6999:Proto-Celtic
6967:Bungi Creole
6866:Celtic unity
6802:Independence
6601:
6584:
6408:Gaelic music
6344:Celtic Dress
6293:High crosses
6283:Celtic cross
6261:Bell shrines
6192:Irish annals
5974:Neo-Druidism
5969:Celtic Wicca
5940:Celtic union
5904:Modern Celts
5903:
5795:Celtic women
5703:Celtic Rites
5652:Transylvania
5512:Ulster Scots
5382:Anglo-Celtic
5278:
5229:Celtiberians
5174:
5166:
5158:
5146:modern Celts
5145:
5066:. Retrieved
5059:the original
5027:
5020:
5013:
5009:
5003:
4993:
4980:
4977:Ellis, P. B.
4966:. Retrieved
4961:
4948:. Retrieved
4944:
4921:
4905:. ABC-CLIO.
4901:
4878:. Retrieved
4874:
4864:
4852:. Retrieved
4848:the original
4843:
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4808:
4796:. Retrieved
4781:
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4748:the original
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4685:
4679:
4667:. Retrieved
4661:
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4597:. Retrieved
4582:
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4567:the original
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4428:
4407:. Retrieved
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4271:
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4227:
4215:. Retrieved
4205:
4186:
4164:
4139:. Retrieved
4135:the original
4130:
4121:
4109:. Retrieved
4105:
4095:
4083:. Retrieved
4080:"Saint Yves"
4074:
4060:
4052:the original
4042:
4030:. Retrieved
4027:Scotland.org
4026:
4017:
4005:. Retrieved
4001:the original
3996:
3987:
3979:the original
3969:
3961:
3956:
3944:. Retrieved
3940:the original
3930:
3918:. Retrieved
3911:the original
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3873:
3865:
3860:
3852:
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3825:
3813:. Retrieved
3803:
3791:. Retrieved
3787:
3777:
3765:. Retrieved
3761:the original
3756:
3747:
3735:. Retrieved
3733:. Ceolas.org
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3711:. Ceolas.org
3703:
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3690:
3682:
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3570:
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3527:(1): 19–28.
3524:
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3501:
3489:. Retrieved
3485:the original
3475:
3463:. Retrieved
3453:
3441:. Retrieved
3434:the original
3421:
3409:. Retrieved
3405:the original
3395:
3383:. Retrieved
3379:the original
3369:
3350:
3333:the original
3323:
3311:. Retrieved
3308:Facebook.com
3307:
3298:
3286:. Retrieved
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3259:
3250:
3231:
3225:
3213:. Retrieved
3208:
3202:
3167:
3150:
3145:
3133:. Retrieved
3124:
3112:. Retrieved
3108:the original
3098:
3090:the original
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3061:the original
3056:
3052:
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3020:the original
3015:
3011:
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2979:the original
2974:
2970:
2957:
2939:
2934:
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2880:
2871:
2859:. Retrieved
2854:
2845:
2833:. Retrieved
2829:
2820:
2808:. Retrieved
2804:
2794:
2782:. Retrieved
2778:
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2750:the original
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2724:
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2665:. Retrieved
2661:
2651:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2574:
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2549:the original
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2520:the original
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2487:the original
2477:
2469:The Guardian
2467:
2463:
2444:
2435:
2427:the original
2417:
2409:
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2396:
2392:
2387:
2373:
2366:
2346:
2339:
2330:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:the original
2299:
2268:
2262:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2213:18 September
2211:. Retrieved
2196:
2189:
2181:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:Live Science
2122:
2113:
2069:Anglo-Celtic
2054:
2034:
2022:
2004:
2000:Aran jumpers
1997:
1991:produced in
1978:
1966:
1963:Celtic knots
1954:Inspired by
1906:
1899:mystery play
1867:
1861:
1810:David Caruso
1799:
1791:
1787:
1772:
1741:
1740:of the word
1719:
1716:
1712:
1710:Pilgrimage.
1673:
1665:
1635:
1628:Clootie well
1541:Celtic music
1534:
1510:Puirt a beul
1499:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1466:Celtic music
1455:
1454:singing (or
1451:
1441:
1436:Alan Stivell
1418:
1413:
1398:Celtic music
1382:Anglo-Celtic
1379:
1377:and others.
1360:
1351:Newfoundland
1328:
1310:
1275:
1231:Scandinavian
1220:
1201:
1177:
1143:
1135:Modern Welsh
1072:
1067:
1063:
1052:Celtiberians
1022:used by the
1017:
998:
967:
924:
888:
872:
868:
862:
855:
851:
845:
841:
835:
830:
826:
820:
818:
809:Great Hunger
803:through the
796:
790:
786:
776:
764:
749:
744:
740:
736:
734:
726:
698:Celtic tiger
691:
685:
674:
670:
668:
660:
656:
652:
650:
633:Gaelic games
619:), but also
589:Lady Gregory
581:noble savage
574:
563:
553:
545:Edward Lhuyd
525:philologists
518:
513:
501:
497:
479:
476:
420:
402:
396:
356:
353:Celtiberians
340:
338:
326:Anglo-Celtic
285:
281:
275:
271:Raimund Karl
262:
260:
251:
249:
231:
228:
213:
193:World War II
167:, where the
154:
94:Edward Lhuyd
87:
61:
22:
20:
18:
7200:Trimarcisia
7185:Gallóglaigh
7014:Celtiberian
6738:Isle of Man
6697:Nationalism
6586:Bataireacht
6505:Calan Gaeaf
6464:Isle of Man
6308:Leaf-crowns
6298:Insular art
6271:Dragonesque
6233:Isle of Man
6087:Nova Scotia
6040:Isle of Man
5964:Neopaganism
5713:Monasticism
5224:Caledonians
4782:Celtic Dawn
4283:11 December
4261:11 December
4239:11 December
4217:11 December
3491:31 December
3465:31 December
2891:20 February
2861:20 February
2779:Wales.ac.uk
2756:24 December
2399:96:584–605.
2019:George Bain
1979:Revival of
1932:Jean Butler
1909:step-dancer
1887:Furry Dance
1812:and "Huron
1770:in Welsh).
1752:Calan Gaeaf
1371:Cape Breton
1290:New Zealand
1170:Irish names
1103:Northumbria
1085:), and the
1020:litmus test
992:that is an
956:Isle of Man
897:Isle of Man
865:John Collis
838:Simon James
792:Anglo-Saxon
783:Scots-Irish
570:Anglo-Saxon
506:Switzerland
375:, Northern
280:, the term
269:(1996) and
246:Definitions
102:Greco-Roman
67:ethnicities
21:The modern
7307:Categories
7263:– in Italy
7165:Ceathairne
7029:Gallaecian
6659:Road bowls
6564:Eisteddfod
6532:Calan Awst
6528:Lughnasadh
6134:Literature
5997:definition
5820:Clan chief
5612:Roman Gaul
5603:Hen Ogledd
5329:including
5311:including
4824:0905895134
4798:4 February
4792:0862436435
4757:4 February
4743:0094618305
4669:4 February
4409:14 January
3481:"Red-Head"
3443:8 December
3215:8 December
3070:31 October
3029:31 October
2988:16 January
2915:31 October
2705:4 February
2662:2.le.ac.uk
2602:4 February
2555:4 February
2314:5 February
1981:Celtic art
1968:Discipline
1940:Celtomania
1929:Riverdance
1902:Hal an Tow
1874:'Obby 'Oss
1869:Bel's Fire
1855:parade in
1748:Hallowe'en
1730:Calan Awst
1686:, Wales –
1661:Eisteddfod
1659:and Welsh
1655:, Cornish
1640:and Irish
1602:Eisteddfod
1596:See also:
1545:The Pogues
1530:lining out
1502:A cappella
1457:cerdd dant
1349:southeast
1343:-speaking
1327:(known as
1239:Icelanders
1139:Derbyshire
1119:Cumberland
1105:, Western
1099:Lancashire
1026:, and the
729:pan-Celtic
369:Portuguese
332:since the
320:since the
276:Since the
224:Celtic art
7195:Redshanks
7170:Ceithearn
6898:Brittonic
6890:Languages
6523:Calan Mai
6514:Gŵyl Fair
6488:Festivals
6303:Interlace
5727:Mythology
5635:Gallaecia
5249:Galatians
4945:Antiquity
4880:9 January
4854:9 January
4714:162583560
4599:1 January
4355:The Celts
4165:The Celts
4141:9 January
4032:9 January
4007:9 January
3793:9 January
3565:pp. 20–23
3411:22 August
3385:15 August
3313:9 January
3266:9 January
2835:9 January
2810:9 January
2784:9 January
2730:9 January
2667:9 January
2643:162732496
2623:Antiquity
2580:9 January
2529:12 August
2412:. Page 3.
2331:The Celts
2254:162732496
2234:Antiquity
2166:9 January
2105:Citations
2007:Hallstatt
1971:album of
1808:starring
1801:The Visit
1768:Calan Mai
1678:for each
1571:Festivals
1537:folk-rock
1452:penillion
1414:gaiteiros
1321:Patagonia
1286:Australia
1216:MC1R gene
1180:genealogy
1107:Yorkshire
1083:Halloween
1013:Cantabria
873:Antiquity
842:Antiquity
836:In 1998,
822:Antiquity
741:Festivals
682:Berkshire
677:Yorkshire
625:Gorseddau
502:Celticity
393:Aquitaine
385:Austrians
365:Galicians
361:Asturians
341:Celticity
263:the Celts
122:Brittonic
7180:Gaesatae
7071:dialects
7034:Lepontic
7024:Galatian
6926:Goidelic
6776:Autonomy
6691:Politics
6644:Rounders
6496:Calendar
6469:Scotland
6454:Cornwall
6449:Brittany
6337:Clothing
6288:Knotwork
6266:Brooches
6238:Scotland
6223:Cornwall
6218:Brittany
6097:Y Wladfa
6052:Scotland
6016:Cornwall
6004:Brittany
5855:Seanchaí
5850:Tanistry
5810:Derbfine
5739:Scottish
5630:Brittany
5626:Domnonée
5622:Armorica
5617:Britonia
5599:Dumnonia
5574:Dálriata
5259:Lepontii
5254:Helvetii
5239:Gallaeci
5068:6 August
5028:Folklore
4950:11 April
4622:46:43–64
3737:21 April
3715:22 April
3603:15815712
3581:Heredity
3541:15083358
2677:cite web
2443:(2005).
2063:See also
1721:Lughnasa
1700:Maughold
1653:Fest Noz
1618:Fest Noz
1561:Horslips
1481:uilleann
1478:, Irish
1446:and the
1330:Y Wladfa
1304:and the
1212:red hair
1156:Ancestry
1146:Auvergne
1048:Asturias
1009:Asturias
994:acrolect
972:and the
961:Cornwall
946:Scotland
936:Brittany
913:Brittany
909:Cornwall
901:Scotland
887:The six
767:Virginia
720:and the
702:Cornwall
662:Guardian
657:national
577:romantic
529:Goidelic
510:Helvetii
437:Auvergne
435:and the
433:Gallaeci
425:Helvetii
413:Aquitani
411:and the
381:Belgians
377:Italians
312:and the
191:. After
181:Scottish
138:Goidelic
7233:Deities
7190:Hobelar
7152:Warfare
7115:Warfare
7049:Pictish
7044:Cumbric
7019:Gaulish
6991:Extinct
6911:Cornish
6709:history
6654:Hurling
6628:Ladies'
6619:Curling
6592:Camogie
6519:Beltane
6501:Samhain
6459:Ireland
6228:Ireland
6123:Culture
6092:England
6028:Ireland
5986:Nations
5885:Coinage
5875:Warfare
5768:Society
5759:Cornish
5749:British
5657:Galatia
5647:Balkans
5555:Studies
5292:Cornish
5287:Bretons
5264:Noricum
5219:Britons
5192:Peoples
4992:(1999)
4111:2 March
4085:2 March
3964:; p. 63
3549:6040039
2011:La Tene
1895:Helston
1882:maypole
1878:Padstow
1864:Beltane
1838:May Day
1834:maypole
1814:Beltane
1796:Samhain
1764:Beltane
1704:St-Yves
1649:Céilidh
1598:Céilidh
1487:bodhran
1470:bagpipe
1444:bagpipe
1243:Iceland
1095:Cumbria
1056:Celtici
1032:Galicia
1001:Galicia
941:Ireland
893:Ireland
770:Senator
752:hurling
694:Britain
537:Gaulish
431:to the
429:Galicia
389:Belgium
347:roots (
298:Cornish
294:Bretons
216:musical
130:Cornish
114:Ireland
75:regions
7228:Tribes
7175:Fianna
6962:Shelta
6906:Breton
6726:status
6664:Shinty
6639:Gouren
6603:Cnapan
6597:Cammag
6510:Imbolc
6433:Carnyx
6359:Tartan
6278:Carnyx
6045:Mannin
6021:Kernow
6009:Breizh
5879:Gaelic
5835:Fáinne
5780:Brehon
5754:Breton
5708:Druids
5562:Places
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1367:Gaelic
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1282:Canada
1248:Orkney
1193:Runrig
1172:, and
1046:) and
982:Shelta
911:, and
846:Celtic
805:Fenian
760:shinty
722:Senedd
565:Viking
562:, the
441:Averni
409:Belgae
357:Celtic
308:, the
304:, the
300:, the
296:, the
286:Celtic
282:Celtic
183:, and
150:Gaelic
148:, and
132:, and
126:Breton
112:, and
106:France
98:Pezron
79:Europe
58:, see
7333:Celts
7218:Lists
7039:Noric
6954:Mixed
6934:Irish
6916:Welsh
6580:Bando
6573:Sport
6474:Wales
6390:Music
6323:Torcs
6313:Mazes
6243:Wales
6069:Cymru
6064:Wales
5947:Music
5870:Vates
5865:Túath
5815:Druid
5744:Welsh
5734:Irish
5325:Scots
5307:Irish
5302:Gaels
5297:Welsh
5244:Gauls
5234:Gaels
5205:Names
5177:
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5142:Celts
5087:Music
5062:(PDF)
5055:(PDF)
5030:2006.
4751:(PDF)
4734:(PDF)
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4702:JSTOR
3914:(PDF)
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3815:9 May
3767:9 May
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1195:song
1150:Gauls
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951:Wales
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373:Swiss
349:Gauls
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310:Scots
302:Irish
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177:Welsh
142:Irish
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83:Celts
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6826:and
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6033:Éire
5952:Rock
5860:Sept
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5775:Bard
5578:Alba
5320:Manx
5144:and
5070:2007
4970:2010
4952:2010
4926:ISBN
4907:ISBN
4882:2018
4856:2018
4819:ISBN
4800:2015
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4759:2015
4738:ISBN
4671:2015
4640:ISBN
4601:2015
4588:ISBN
4543:ISBN
4511:ISBN
4486:ISBN
4461:ISBN
4433:ISBN
4411:2012
4374:ISBN
4329:ISBN
4304:ISBN
4285:2011
4263:2011
4241:2011
4219:2011
4191:ISBN
4143:2018
4113:2012
4087:2012
4034:2018
4009:2018
3948:2010
3922:2010
3884:ISBN
3839:2010
3817:2010
3795:2018
3769:2010
3739:2012
3717:2012
3622:ISBN
3599:PMID
3537:PMID
3493:2014
3467:2014
3445:2014
3413:2012
3387:2012
3355:ISBN
3315:2018
3290:2010
3268:2018
3236:ISBN
3217:2010
3211:: 10
3204:Carn
3172:ISBN
3137:2013
3116:2013
3072:2008
3031:2008
2990:2011
2947:ISBN
2917:2008
2893:2010
2863:2010
2837:2018
2812:2018
2786:2018
2758:2009
2732:2018
2707:2015
2683:link
2669:2018
2604:2015
2582:2018
2557:2015
2531:2012
2495:2010
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2352:ISBN
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2215:2009
2202:ISBN
2168:2018
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2009:and
1956:Bain
1885:the
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1806:Jade
1666:The
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7111:Law
6253:Art
5845:Law
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