Knowledge

Celtic Revival

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390: 276: 117: 4846: 1284: 22: 2653: 3096: 614: 2633: 2644: 520: 828:, was also the first French dictionary. Edited by Jehan Lagadec in 1464, it was a trilingual work containing Breton, French and Latin. Today bilingual dictionaries have been published for Breton and languages including English, Dutch, German, Spanish and Welsh. A new generation is determined to gain international recognition for Breton. The monolingual dictionary, 297:
movement, and others popularising folk tales and histories in countries and territories with Celtic roots. At the same time, archaeological and historical work was beginning to make progress in constructing a better understanding of regional history. Interest in ornamental 'Celtic' art developed, and
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A group of young men, among the most generous and disinterested in our annals, were busy digging up the buried relics of our history, to enlighten the present by a knowledge of the past, setting up on their pedestals anew the overthrown statues of Irish worthies, assailing wrongs which under long
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impunity had become unquestioned and even venerable, and warming as with strong wine the heart of the people, by songs of valour and hope; and happily not standing isolated in their pious work, but encouraged and sustained by just such an army of students and sympathizers as I see here to-day.
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Historically, large numbers of Welsh people spoke only Welsh. Over the course of the 20th century this monolingual population "all but disappeared", but a small percentage remained at the time of the 1981 census. In Wales, 16% of state school pupils now receive a
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by far. By 1911 it had become a minority language, spoken by merely 43.5% of the Welsh population. While this decline continued over the following decades, the language did not die out. By the start of the 21st century, numbers began to increase once more.
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tried to raise the language to the level of a great international language. Its publication encouraged the creation of original literature in all genres, and proposed Breton translations of internationally recognized foreign works. In 1946,
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was commissioned to produce a set of arrangements of Scottish folk-songs. A growing sense of Celtic identity encouraged and fed off a rise in nationalism throughout the United Kingdom, which was especially intense in Ireland.
500:, the Chicago architect, incorporated dense Art Nouveau and Celtic-inspired interlace in the ornament of his buildings. Sullivan's father was a traditional Irish musician and they both were step-dancers. In England, the 1102:
used to be widely spoken in France and beyond around the period of the Roman Empire. There have been attempts at revivals and reconstructions, despite very limited evidence for the exact original form of the language.
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in Ireland. The key surviving manuscript sources were gradually located, edited and translated, monuments identified and published, and other essential groundwork in recording stories, music and language done.
605:. He was inspired by the early Italian Renaissance and made works in the medieval medium of tempera. He was a prolific artist working in a range of mediums including stained glass, illustrating and painting. 1486: 492:
made a conscious choice to use Irish design roots in his artwork. Trained in stained glass and working in an Art Nouveau style, O'Shaughnessy designed a series of windows and interior stencils for
370:, (1885–86 and 1896–98) and also worked in metal, illumination, illustration, embroidery, and book binding. The most significant exponent of the artistic revival in Scotland was Dundee-born 558:
design motif remains popular in Celtic countries, above all Ireland where it is a national style signature. In recent decades, it had a re-revival in 1960s designs (for example, in the
1338: 45:) is a variety of movements and trends in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries that see a renewed interest in aspects of Celtic culture. Artists and writers drew on the traditions of 389: 4297: 1461: 1146:
have spread towards Northern England, with the attempted reconstructions of numerous types of bagpipe (such as the Lancashire Great-pipe) and an increased interest in the
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Auvergne is also a hotpot for the Gaulish revival movement, being the location of numerous important Gaulish sites and the home of the legendary Gaulish warrior,
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Research into the Gaelic and Brittonic cultures and histories of Britain and Ireland gathered pace from the late 18th century, by antiquaries and historians like
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Due to the revival of Irish in educational settings and bilingual upbringing, there has been an increase in young Irish people speaking the language in the
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and Cymric ranges of metalwork, respectively in pewter and silver or gold. Many of the most extravagant examples of the plastic style come from the modern
1701: 1534: 959:. It is said it is more common to hear it spoken in Irish cities. Additionally, there is a modest revived interest in North America in learning Irish. 2516: 1654: 2445: 493: 832:(1995), defines Breton words in Breton. The first edition contained about 10,000 words, and the second edition of 2001 contains 20,000 words. 4892: 367: 1123:, chants are sung around bonfires remembering a Celtic god. There are also modern attempts to revive the polytheistic religion of the 669:. Other Breton-language periodicals have been published, which established a fairly large body of literature for a minority language. 4782: 2754: 2725: 2404: 1037:
for the first time. According to the Welsh Language Use Survey 2013-15, 24% of people aged three and over were able to speak Welsh.
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has been spoken continuously in Wales throughout recorded history, and in recent centuries had been the most widely spoken
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The 2004 Welsh Language Use Survey showed that 21.7% of the population of Wales spoke Welsh, compared with 20.8% in the
2357: 2332: 1971: 1940: 1853: 824: 1864: 591:'s idea that the "French were a race of empire-building Celts," and became institutionalized by the foundation of the 4280: 4093: 1990: 1884: 1834: 1773: 1754: 1735: 1393: 382:(1913). Duncan also helped to make Dundee a major centre for the Celtic Revival movement along with artists such as 2369: 2327: 2322: 2687: 2501: 1569: 2302: 2125: 1811: 989: 465: 212: 73:). Although the revival was complex and multifaceted, occurring across many fields and in various countries in 1542: 420:
and folklore. There was an attempt to revitalize the native rhythm and music of Irish Gaelic. Figures such as
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logo) and has been used worldwide in tattoos and in various contexts and media in fantasy works with a quasi-
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cultural Celtic revival of the early twentieth century was characterised by an increased interest in the
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language of Northern (particularly Northwestern) England, a remnant of the Brittonic kingdoms of
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culture greatly increased during the onset of the Romantic period in the late 18th century, with
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of the 7–9th centuries were worn by figures such as Queen Victoria, many produced in Dublin by
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on Castle Hill in Edinburgh in the 1890s. Among the figures involved with the movement were
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view of the past resulted in historically inaccurate portrayals, such as the promotion of
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Williams, Colin H. (1990). "The Anglicisation of Wales". In Coupland, Nikolas (ed.).
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for the consideration of the Breton language in Microsoft products. In October 2014,
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Preserving the Provinces: Small Town and Countryside in the Work of Honoré de Balzac
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that is not recognized by national government as an official or regional language.
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A widespread and still visible result of the revival was the reintroduction of the
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added Breton as one of its 121 languages, after three years of talks between the
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Throughout Europe, the Romantic movement inspired a great revival of interest in
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was formed in 1924 to "maintain the Celtic spirit of Cornwall", followed by the
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The Celtic Revival was an international movement. The Irish-American designer
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The "plastic style" of early Celtic art was one of the elements feeding into
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comic series has been translated into Breton. According to the comic, the
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started, which now counts more than 50,000 articles. In March 2007, the
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decorative style, very consciously so in the work of designers like the
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fed the growing fascination in all things Brittonic by founding the
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is an animated feature film of 2009 set during the creation of the
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to let speakers identify each other. The office also started an
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Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
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wrote plays and articles about the political state of Ireland.
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in 1885, which included a number of significant figures in the
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and Irish nationalism frequently overlapped in places such as
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descriptions of Celtic landscape were found in the works of
105:(Lord Dunsany) stimulated a new appreciation of traditional 3877: 3414: 3394: 3329: 3162: 858: 694: 559: 248:
achieving international fame, along with the novels of Sir
1785:"Independent & Individualist": Art in Dundee 1867-1924 1369: 1357: 408:
encouraged the creation of works written in the spirit of
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Aeberhard, Danny; Benson, Andrew; Phillips, Lucy (2000).
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The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland
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in 1928 and the formation of the Cornish political party
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was one of the leading artists of the Celtic Revival and
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and influenced the Czech Art Nouveau designer and artist
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chapel framework with lavish Celtic reliefs designed by
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In the mid-19th century the revival continued, with Sir
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Some original media are created in Breton. The sitcom,
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view that referred to the Irish, whether positively or
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In aspects the revival came to represent a reaction to
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E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
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band that writes songs in revived form of Gaulish.
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to develop their interfaces in Breton. In 2004, the
187:, which now forms a familiar part of monumental and 1630: 1535:"Welsh Government | Welsh language use survey" 1487:"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011" 1409: 752:, has exclusively Breton programming. Some movies ( 1959: 1909: 1822: 1248: 2517:Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour 2013:Yeats: The Life and Works of William Butler Yeats 1933:English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change 1296: 4859: 1846:A History of Modern Poetry: Modernism and After 1509:"2011 Census: Number of Welsh speakers falling" 3574: 2681: 2038: 1150:. There are also attempts to reconstruct the 496:in Chicago, a 10-year project begun in 1912. 140:, "as a whole had not leapt at a bound from 77:, its best known incarnation is probably the 3562: 1626:https://glosbe.com/en/mis_gal academic paper 1455:"2004 Welsh Language Use Survey: the report" 609:Linguistic and cultural revivals, after 1920 3622: 3586: 1165:There are small areas of Celtic revival in 3598: 2695: 2688: 2674: 2643: 2045: 2031: 1447: 508:was a thoroughgoing attempt to decorate a 2405:St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art 1801: 1768:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 1702:"A modest revival for the Irish language" 1375: 1363: 587:. The Celtic Revival was strengthened by 113:in the late 19th and early 20th century. 2507:Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts 1935:. Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters. 1930: 1820: 1763: 1678:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1575: 1351: 1290: 621: 612: 576:which makes much use of Insular design. 518: 388: 350:(1854–1932), the architect and designer 274: 115: 20: 2353:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art 1862: 1843: 1699: 1652: 1636: 1415: 1254: 1242: 4860: 3539: 1882: 1787:. Dundee: Abertay Historical Society. 1782: 1744: 1721: 1682: 1673: 1563: 1387: 1317: 1302: 1278: 1266: 1137: 697:village where Asterix lives is in the 617:Modern copper jar with a Celtic motif. 386:and the publisher Malcolm C. MacLeod. 4771: 4663: 4442: 4244: 3676: 3456: 3107: 2744: 2669: 2410:Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum 2026: 1980: 1907: 1614:Aeberhard, Benson & Phillips 2000 1593:"Welsh: A language of United Kingdom" 1399: 1190:Galician Institute for Celtic Studies 1053: 847:Internationalization and localization 452:and Yeats, along with leaders of the 368:Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh 354:(1864–1929) and stained-glass artist 1829:. Ireland: The Irish Publishing Co. 1726:. Vol. I: The Apprentice Mage. 917:Federation of Old Cornwall Societies 4664: 1865:"Alice Milligan: Renaissance woman" 1599:. SIL International. Archived from 869:signed a tripartite agreement with 647:founded the Breton-language review 490:Thomas Augustus "Gus" O'Shaughnessy 393:Vases with Celtic motifs, c. 1900, 327:Popular Tales of the West Highlands 324:'s (1821–1885) works the bilingual 13: 2358:Scottish National Portrait Gallery 2333:Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum 2007:Gallaic Revival Movement Home Page 1951: 1863:Quinlan, Alice (22 January 2011). 1527: 1061:is spoken by over 5,000 people in 14: 4914: 4094:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 2000: 822:The first Breton dictionary, the 815:Today, Breton is the only living 219:The Welsh antiquarian and author 4844: 3457: 3094: 2652: 2651: 2642: 2631: 2370:Paisley Museum and Art Galleries 2328:Inverness Museum and Art Gallery 2323:Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery 2052: 1700:De Vise, Daniel (5 March 2012). 1676:Modernism and the Celtic Revival 1142:The Celtic cultural revivals in 1086:holds the largest population of 676:were founded to teach Breton by 280:Druids Bringing in the Mistletoe 227:, which would in turn spark the 16:19th- and 20th-century movements 2502:Glasgow Society of Lady Artists 1619: 1585: 1501: 1479: 1421: 1331:"Brooch given in November 1849" 835:In the early 21st century, the 812:are now known internationally. 595:in 1805, by Cambry and others. 4893:History of Ireland (1801–1923) 1645: 1323: 1090:speakers outside of Scotland. 1072: 990:Scottish Gaelic revitalisation 962: 1: 4813:Celtic place names in Galicia 4443: 2446:Duncan of Jordanstone College 1806:. London: Thames and Hudson. 1225: 996:Scottish Gaelic § Status 941:Revival of the Irish language 252:and the poetry and lyrics of 4903:Revival architectural styles 4245: 2755:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 2380:Perth Museum and Art Gallery 2273:Centre for Contemporary Arts 1981:Brown, Terence, ed. (1996). 1962:The rough guide to Argentina 1848:. Harvard University Press. 1230: 975:Manx language § Revival 947:Status of the Irish language 871:Regional Council of Brittany 7: 3737:Welsh literature in English 3677: 3108: 2834:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 2745: 2527:Society of Scottish Artists 2365:National Museum of Scotland 2343:National Galleries Scotland 2017:National Library of Ireland 1665:: 1005–1035. Archived from 1429:"The Industrial Revolution" 1215:Scottish Gaelic Renaissance 1172: 1114: 1048: 1000:Scottish Gaelic Renaissance 979: 888: 632: 306:. Imitations of the ornate 10: 4919: 3757:Scottish Gaelic literature 3142:Brigantia (ancient region) 1655:"Celtic Legacy in Galicia" 1076: 993: 983: 972: 966: 944: 934: 930: 892: 830:Geriadur Brezhoneg an Here 636: 625: 494:Old Saint Patrick's Church 198: 81:. Irish writers including 4835: 4778: 4772: 4767: 4705: 4676: 4659: 4622: 4544: 4535: 4507: 4479: 4451: 4438: 4391: 4356: 4330: 4251: 4240: 4127: 4104:Hebridean Celtic Festival 4041: 3943: 3922: 3891: 3806: 3765: 3732:Welsh-language literature 3687: 3683: 3672: 3634: 3548: 3465: 3452: 3322: 3281: 3220: 3116: 3103: 3092: 2929: 2898: 2832: 2753: 2740: 2707: 2627: 2604:Art of the United Kingdom 2591: 2553:Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2540: 2492:Edinburgh Ladies Art Club 2484: 2438: 2348:Scottish National Gallery 2250: 2219: 2149: 2108: 2062: 1821:MacManus, Seamus (1921). 1693:University of Wales Press 1093: 1025:, and 18.5% in 1991. The 51:Welsh-language literature 41:(also referred to as the 4537:Ancient Celtic languages 2648:List of Scottish artists 2451:Edinburgh College of Art 2293:Dundee Contemporary Arts 1966:. London: Rough Guides. 1885:"Celtic Revival Crosses" 1883:Walker, Stephen (n.d.). 1783:Jarron, Matthew (2015). 1674:Castle, Gregory (2001). 1653:Alberro, Manuel (2005). 1004: 704:The Adventures of Tintin 654:During its 19-year run, 538:, who did much work for 397:with raised gilding, by 304:the architect Owen Jones 29:in Quebec (Compare with 4808:Gaulish words in French 4793:Celtic words in English 3052:Scottish New Zealanders 2942:Anglo-Celtic Australian 1844:Perkins, David (1979). 1766:Modern Scottish Culture 1728:Oxford University Press 1148:Northumbrian smallpipes 330:(4 vols., 1860–62) and 3742:Early Irish literature 3623: 3611: 3599: 3587: 3575: 3563: 3032:Scotch-Irish Canadians 3027:Scotch-Irish Americans 2573:Merchant City Festival 2548:Edinburgh Art Festival 2522:Scottish Artists Union 2512:Royal Scottish Academy 2400:Royal Scottish Academy 2318:House for an Art Lover 2313:Gracefield Arts Centre 1908:Watts, Andrew (2007). 1802:MacDonald, M. (2000). 1745:Foster, R. F. (2003). 1722:Foster, R. F. (1997). 1683:Davies, Janet (1993). 1210:New religious movement 1200:Irish Literary Revival 1043:Welsh medium education 684:for more information. 618: 524: 486: 406:Irish Literary Revival 401: 336:Edinburgh Social Union 332:The Celtic Dragon Myth 286: 129: 79:Irish Literary Revival 57:—what historians call 34: 4369:Scottish independence 4114:Celtic Media Festival 3997:National music scenes 3228:Proto-Celtic religion 2930:Related ethnic groups 2657:Category:Scottish art 2563:Glasgow International 2456:Glasgow School of Art 2303:Gallery of Modern Art 1764:Gardiner, M. (2005). 622:In the Celtic nations 616: 542:, especially for his 522: 502:Watts Mortuary Chapel 481: 392: 322:John Francis Campbell 278: 119: 24: 4693:(Medieval Welsh law) 4303:Scottish nationalism 3953:Ancient Celtic music 3273:Romano-Celtic temple 3082:Welsh New Zealanders 3007:Irish New Zealanders 2541:Festivals and events 2532:Visual Arts Scotland 2461:Gray's School of Art 2439:Schools and colleges 2430:Transmission Gallery 2308:Glasgow Print Studio 2258:Aberdeen Art Gallery 2206:Scottish Renaissance 1603:on 22 November 2011. 1269:, pp. 486, 662. 1220:Scottish Renaissance 748:, broadcasting from 454:Nationalist movement 162:Scottish Highlanders 83:William Butler Yeats 4383:Irish republicanism 4364:Breton independence 4343:Scottish devolution 4276:Cornish nationalism 4099:Pan Celtic Festival 3973:Scottish folk music 3727:Scottish literature 3253:Celtic Christianity 3057:Scottish Travellers 3042:Scottish Argentines 2886:Scottish Travellers 2638:Scotland portal 2476:Stirling Art School 2471:Leith School of Art 2466:Hospitalfield House 2420:Talbot Rice Gallery 2298:Fruitmarket Gallery 2196:Scottish Colourists 1747:W. B. Yeats: A Life 1724:W. B. Yeats: A Life 1707:The Washington Post 1138:Elsewhere in Europe 953:Republic of Ireland 913:Robert Morton Nance 761:Shakespeare in Love 643:In 1925, Professor 569:The Secret of Kells 523:Celtic-style tattoo 477:Charles Gavan Duffy 412:, as distinct from 344:Aesthetic movements 311:penannular brooches 300:Grammar of Ornament 156:stereotypes of the 4888:Culture of Galicia 4883:Celtic nationalism 4374:Welsh independence 4338:Cornish devolution 4259:Breton nationalism 4109:Celtic Connections 3712:Cornish literature 3062:Ulster Protestants 3047:Scottish Canadians 3037:Scottish Americans 2947:Anglo-Irish people 2583:Royal National Mòd 2268:Burrell Collection 2211:New Scottish Group 2095:Nineteenth century 2090:Eighteenth century 1685:The Welsh Language 1515:. 11 December 2012 1054:Welsh in Argentina 794:Xavier de Langlais 722:Hägar the Horrible 699:Armorica peninsula 619: 525: 514:Mary Fraser Tytler 510:Romanesque Revival 402: 384:Stewart Carmichael 376:Tristan and Iseult 317:and other makers. 287: 263:, folk tales, and 130: 124:plate designed by 120:"Bollelin" series 35: 4898:Irish nationalism 4855: 4854: 4831: 4830: 4763: 4762: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4614:Cisalpine Gaulish 4434: 4433: 4320:national identity 4315:Welsh nationalism 4308:national identity 4288:Irish nationalism 4236: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4169:Cornish wrestling 4037: 4036: 3958:Breton Folk music 3923:Regional cultures 3766:National cultures 3752:Gaelic literature 3707:Breton literature 3668: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3448: 3447: 3360:Chief of the Name 3233:Celtic polytheism 3150:Sub-Roman Britain 3090: 3089: 2977:Irish Australians 2957:Cornish Americans 2916:Scottish diaspora 2663: 2662: 1923:978-3-03910-583-0 1895:on 1 October 2016 1794:978-0-900019-56-2 1390:, pp. 48–91. 1378:, pp. 156–7. 1366:, pp. 155–6. 867:Ofis ar Brezhoneg 838:Ofis ar Brezhoneg 786:Yann-Ber Kalloc'h 772:) and TV series ( 682:education section 593:Académie Celtique 540:Liberty & Co. 320:In Scotland were 191:over much of the 148:". At times this 47:Gaelic literature 4910: 4848: 4769: 4768: 4661: 4660: 4643:Galwegian Gaelic 4542: 4541: 4440: 4439: 4348:Welsh devolution 4242: 4241: 3994: 3993: 3983:Sean-nós singing 3978:Welsh folk music 3968:Irish folk music 3935:Highland culture 3717:Irish literature 3697:Arthurian Legend 3685: 3684: 3674: 3673: 3626: 3614: 3602: 3590: 3578: 3566: 3546: 3545: 3537: 3536: 3514:Neo-Christianity 3454: 3453: 3385:Gaelic astrology 3345:Celtic festivals 3248:Celtic mythology 3221:Ancient religion 3138:Iron Age Britain 3105: 3104: 3098: 3077:Welsh Argentines 3017:Irish Uruguayans 3012:Irish Travellers 2982:Irish Brazilians 2972:Irish Argentines 2952:Breton Americans 2906:Cornish diaspora 2868:Irish Travellers 2742: 2741: 2734:Celtic languages 2690: 2683: 2676: 2667: 2666: 2655: 2654: 2646: 2645: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2592:Related articles 2497:Glasgow Art Club 2395:Riverside Museum 2385:Pier Arts Centre 2201:Edinburgh School 2056: 2047: 2040: 2033: 2024: 2023: 1996: 1977: 1965: 1946: 1927: 1915: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1891:. Archived from 1879: 1877: 1875: 1859: 1840: 1828: 1817: 1798: 1779: 1760: 1741: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1696: 1679: 1670: 1640: 1634: 1628: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1604: 1589: 1583: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1545:on 2 August 2016 1541:. Archived from 1531: 1525: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1505: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1467:on 27 April 2012 1466: 1460:. Archived from 1459: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1425: 1419: 1413: 1407: 1397: 1391: 1385: 1379: 1376:MacDonald (2000) 1373: 1367: 1364:MacDonald (2000) 1361: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1342: 1337:. Archived from 1335:Royal Collection 1327: 1321: 1315: 1306: 1300: 1294: 1288: 1282: 1276: 1270: 1264: 1258: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1195:Highland Revival 1152:Cumbric language 1100:Gaulish language 957:Northern Ireland 905:Cornish language 863:Breton Knowledge 798:Pêr-Jakez Helias 792:, Anjela Duval, 766:Marion du Faouet 744:, is in Breton. 356:Douglas Strachan 240:James Macpherson 172:, as a separate 107:Irish literature 75:Northwest Europe 4918: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4858: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4827: 4774: 4759: 4701: 4697:Early Scots law 4686:Early Irish law 4672: 4647: 4624:Scottish Gaelic 4618: 4559:Proto-Brittonic 4531: 4527:Beurla Reagaird 4503: 4499:Scottish Gaelic 4475: 4447: 4430: 4426:Columba Project 4406:Celtic Congress 4387: 4352: 4326: 4247: 4228: 4189:Gaelic handball 4179:Gaelic football 4164:Cornish hurling 4123: 4033: 3992: 3939: 3918: 3904:Gaelic clothing 3887: 3802: 3761: 3722:Manx literature 3679: 3656: 3635:Other claimants 3630: 3535: 3485:Celtic Congress 3461: 3444: 3340:Celtic calendar 3318: 3277: 3216: 3112: 3099: 3086: 3072:Welsh Americans 2992:Irish Catholics 2987:Irish Canadians 2967:Irish Americans 2925: 2899:Celtic diaspora 2894: 2828: 2757: 2749: 2736: 2703: 2694: 2664: 2659: 2632: 2630: 2623: 2587: 2536: 2480: 2434: 2390:Queen's Gallery 2375:People's Palace 2288:Dovecot Studios 2246: 2215: 2177:Arts and Crafts 2172:Pre-Raphaelites 2145: 2104: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2003: 1993: 1974: 1954: 1952:Further reading 1949: 1943: 1924: 1898: 1896: 1873: 1871: 1856: 1837: 1814: 1795: 1776: 1757: 1738: 1712: 1710: 1669:on 1 June 2013. 1648: 1643: 1635: 1631: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1608: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1576:Williams (1990) 1574: 1570: 1562: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1533: 1532: 1528: 1518: 1516: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1492: 1490: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1438: 1436: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1414: 1410: 1398: 1394: 1386: 1382: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1358: 1352:Gardiner (2005) 1350: 1346: 1341:on 9 June 2011. 1329: 1328: 1324: 1316: 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Peter Lang. 1905: 1880: 1869:Independent.ie 1860: 1855:978-8190340359 1854: 1841: 1835: 1818: 1812: 1799: 1793: 1780: 1774: 1761: 1755: 1742: 1736: 1719: 1697: 1689:Bath, Somerset 1680: 1671: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1637:Alberro (2005) 1629: 1618: 1616:, p. 602. 1606: 1584: 1568: 1556: 1526: 1500: 1478: 1446: 1420: 1416:De Vise (2012) 1408: 1392: 1380: 1368: 1356: 1354:, p. 170. 1344: 1322: 1320:, p. 239. 1307: 1295: 1283: 1271: 1259: 1255:Quinlan (2011) 1247: 1245:, p. 471. 1243:Perkins (1979) 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1184:Gaelic revival 1181: 1174: 1171: 1154:, the ancient 1139: 1136: 1116: 1113: 1095: 1092: 1077:Main article: 1074: 1071: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1011:Welsh language 1006: 1003: 986:Gaelic revival 981: 978: 969:Gaelic revival 967:Main article: 964: 961: 937:Gaelic revival 932: 929: 921:Gorseth Kernow 893:Main article: 890: 887: 885:and Facebook. 849:policy asking 802:Youenn Gwernig 639:Breton revival 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2840: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2726:Celtic tribes 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2691: 2686: 2684: 2679: 2677: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2658: 2650: 2649: 2640: 2639: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2599:Art of Europe 2597: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2485:Organisations 2483: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2162:Enlightenment 2160: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2116:Celtic brooch 2114: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2004: 1994: 1992:90-5183-998-7 1988: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1969: 1964: 1963: 1956: 1955: 1944: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1914: 1913: 1906: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1836:0-517-06408-1 1832: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1815: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1775:0-7486-2027-3 1771: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1756:0-19-818465-4 1752: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1737:0-19-288085-3 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1638: 1633: 1627: 1622: 1615: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1566:, p. 34. 1565: 1564:Davies (1993) 1560: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1530: 1514: 1510: 1504: 1488: 1482: 1463: 1456: 1450: 1434: 1433:Wales History 1430: 1424: 1417: 1412: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1389: 1388:Jarron (2015) 1384: 1377: 1372: 1365: 1360: 1353: 1348: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1326: 1319: 1318:Castle (2001) 1314: 1312: 1304: 1303:Walker (n.d.) 1299: 1292: 1287: 1280: 1279:Castle (2001) 1275: 1268: 1267:Foster (2003) 1263: 1256: 1251: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1170: 1168: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1135: 1133: 1132:Vercingetorix 1128: 1126: 1122: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1046: 1044: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1001: 997: 991: 987: 976: 970: 960: 958: 954: 948: 942: 938: 928: 926: 925:Mebyon Kernow 922: 918: 915:in 1904. The 914: 910: 906: 902: 896: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 839: 833: 831: 827: 826: 820: 818: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 782: 777: 776: 771: 767: 763: 762: 757: 756: 751: 747: 743: 738: 736: 735: 730: 729: 724: 723: 718: 717: 712: 711: 706: 705: 700: 696: 692: 691: 685: 683: 679: 675: 674:Diwan schools 670: 668: 664: 663: 657: 653: 651: 646: 640: 629: 615: 606: 604: 600: 596: 594: 590: 586: 582: 577: 575: 574:Book of Kells 571: 570: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 534: 530: 521: 517: 515: 511: 507: 504:(1896–98) in 503: 499: 495: 491: 485: 480: 478: 475:In 1892, Sir 473: 471: 470:Abbey Theatre 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 410:Irish culture 407: 400: 396: 391: 387: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 364:Anna Traquair 361: 360:Ramsay Garden 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 328: 323: 318: 316: 312: 309: 305: 301: 296: 295:Young Ireland 292: 285: 281: 277: 273: 270: 266: 262: 257: 255: 251: 247: 246: 241: 237: 232: 230: 226: 222: 221:Iolo Morganwg 217: 214: 210: 206: 196: 194: 193:Western world 190: 186: 182: 177: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 134:modernisation 127: 123: 118: 114: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 95:Edward Martyn 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 32: 28: 23: 19: 4840:Celts portal 4798:– in Spanish 4633:Arran Gaelic 4554:Proto-Celtic 4522:Bungi Creole 4421:Celtic unity 4410: 4357:Independence 4156: 4139: 3963:Gaelic music 3899:Celtic Dress 3848:High crosses 3838:Celtic cross 3816:Bell shrines 3747:Irish annals 3529:Neo-Druidism 3524:Celtic Wicca 3495:Celtic union 3469: 3459:Modern Celts 3350:Celtic women 3258:Celtic Rites 3207:Transylvania 3067:Ulster Scots 2937:Anglo-Celtic 2784:Celtiberians 2729: 2721: 2713: 2701:modern Celts 2641: 2629: 2278:Dean Gallery 2185: 2085:Early modern 2055:Scottish art 1982: 1961: 1932: 1911: 1897:. Retrieved 1893:the original 1889:Celtarts.com 1888: 1872:. Retrieved 1868: 1845: 1824: 1804:Scottish Art 1803: 1784: 1765: 1746: 1723: 1711:. Retrieved 1705: 1684: 1675: 1667:the original 1662: 1658: 1632: 1621: 1609: 1601:the original 1596: 1587: 1571: 1559: 1547:. Retrieved 1543:the original 1538: 1529: 1517:. Retrieved 1512: 1503: 1491:. Retrieved 1481: 1469:. Retrieved 1462:the original 1449: 1437:. Retrieved 1432: 1423: 1411: 1400:Watts (2007) 1395: 1383: 1371: 1359: 1347: 1339:the original 1334: 1325: 1298: 1286: 1274: 1262: 1250: 1238: 1205:Modern Celts 1164: 1141: 1129: 1118: 1097: 1088:Scots Gaelic 1082: 1057: 1039: 1020: 1008: 950: 909:Henry Jenner 898: 882: 866: 836: 834: 829: 823: 821: 814: 810:Alan Stivell 790:Roparz Hemon 779: 773: 769: 765: 759: 753: 741: 739: 732: 726: 720: 714: 708: 702: 688: 686: 671: 666: 660: 655: 648: 645:Roparz Hemon 642: 597: 578: 567: 526: 487: 482: 474: 458:Douglas Hyde 438:Seán O'Casey 422:Lady Gregory 403: 379: 375: 331: 325: 319: 299: 288: 284:E. A. Hornel 279: 258: 254:Thomas Moore 250:Walter Scott 243: 234:Interest in 233: 229:Neo-druidism 218: 202: 189:funerary art 185:Celtic cross 178: 158:Irish people 154:noble savage 131: 111:Irish poetry 87:Lady Gregory 42: 38: 36: 18: 4755:Trimarcisia 4740:Gallóglaigh 4569:Celtiberian 4293:Isle of Man 4252:Nationalism 4141:Bataireacht 4060:Calan Gaeaf 4019:Isle of Man 3863:Leaf-crowns 3853:Insular art 3826:Dragonesque 3788:Isle of Man 3642:Nova Scotia 3595:Isle of Man 3519:Neopaganism 3268:Monasticism 2779:Caledonians 2609:English art 2338:The McManus 2263:An Lanntair 2167:Romanticism 2157:Renaissance 2136:Portraiture 2131:Photography 2075:Insular art 2070:Prehistoric 1899:22 November 1646:Works cited 1578:, pp.  1519:12 December 1493:12 December 1439:30 December 1293:, p. . 1179:Cuala Press 1084:Nova Scotia 1073:Nova Scotia 1027:2011 census 1023:2001 census 963:Isle of Man 907:started by 781:Perry Mason 746:Radio Kerne 599:John Duncan 579:In France, 548:Czech Lands 529:Art Nouveau 450:James Joyce 434:J .M. Synge 426:W. B. Yeats 378:(1912) and 372:John Duncan 91:"Æ" Russell 59:insular art 31:an original 4873:Celtic art 4862:Categories 4818:– in Italy 4720:Ceathairne 4584:Gallaecian 4214:Road bowls 4119:Eisteddfod 4087:Calan Awst 4083:Lughnasadh 3689:Literature 3552:definition 3375:Clan chief 3167:Roman Gaul 3158:Hen Ogledd 2884:including 2866:including 2415:Summerhall 2182:Celtic art 2019:(archived) 2009:(archived) 1985:. Rodopi. 1874:24 January 1813:0500203334 1713:23 January 1597:Ethnologue 1402:, p.  1226:References 1160:Hen Ogledd 1109:folk metal 1031:Ceredigion 994:See also: 973:See also: 945:See also: 843:Spilhennig 825:Catholicon 282:(1890) by 265:folk music 231:movement. 205:Owen Jones 181:High cross 170:negatively 166:racialized 55:Celtic art 27:High cross 4750:Redshanks 4725:Ceithearn 4453:Brittonic 4445:Languages 4078:Calan Mai 4069:Gŵyl Fair 4043:Festivals 3858:Interlace 3282:Mythology 3190:Gallaecia 2804:Galatians 2619:Welsh art 2614:Irish art 2251:Galleries 2237:Edinburgh 2150:Movements 2141:Sculpture 2126:Landscape 2121:Genre art 1983:Celticism 1539:gov.wales 1231:Citations 1156:Brythonic 1105:Eluveitie 1067:Argentina 927:in 1951. 875:Microsoft 750:Finistère 678:immersion 672:In 1977, 665:replaced 603:Symbolism 566:setting. 564:Dark Ages 556:interlace 269:Beethoven 146:modernity 142:tradition 65:style of 4735:Gaesatae 4626:dialects 4589:Lepontic 4579:Galatian 4481:Goidelic 4331:Autonomy 4246:Politics 4199:Rounders 4051:Calendar 4024:Scotland 4009:Cornwall 4004:Brittany 3892:Clothing 3843:Knotwork 3821:Brooches 3793:Scotland 3778:Cornwall 3773:Brittany 3652:Y Wladfa 3607:Scotland 3571:Cornwall 3559:Brittany 3410:Seanchaí 3405:Tanistry 3365:Derbfine 3294:Scottish 3185:Brittany 3181:Domnonée 3177:Armorica 3172:Britonia 3154:Dumnonia 3129:Dálriata 2814:Lepontii 2809:Helvetii 2794:Gallaeci 2227:Aberdeen 2220:By place 2080:Medieval 1513:BBC News 1173:See also 1144:Cornwall 1121:Auvergne 1115:Auvergne 1049:Americas 980:Scotland 889:Cornwall 879:Facebook 742:Ken Tuch 662:Al Liamm 633:Brittany 589:Napoleon 456:such as 399:Wedgwood 395:Caneware 380:St Bride 261:folklore 150:romantic 4788:Deities 4745:Hobelar 4707:Warfare 4670:Warfare 4604:Pictish 4599:Cumbric 4574:Gaulish 4546:Extinct 4466:Cornish 4264:history 4209:Hurling 4183:Ladies' 4174:Curling 4147:Camogie 4074:Beltane 4056:Samhain 4014:Ireland 3783:Ireland 3678:Culture 3647:England 3583:Ireland 3541:Nations 3440:Coinage 3430:Warfare 3323:Society 3314:Cornish 3304:British 3212:Galatia 3202:Balkans 3110:Studies 2847:Cornish 2842:Bretons 2819:Noricum 2774:Britons 2747:Peoples 2425:Tramway 2242:Glasgow 2015:at the 1186:(Irish) 931:Ireland 901:Cornish 855:Firefox 806:Glenmor 775:Columbo 728:Peanuts 695:Gaulish 690:Asterix 667:Gwalarn 656:Gwalarn 650:Gwalarn 581:sublime 533:Manxman 446:An Stad 308:Insular 267:; even 225:Gorsedd 199:History 183:as the 71:Britain 67:Ireland 25:Celtic 4783:Tribes 4730:Fianna 4517:Shelta 4461:Breton 4281:status 4219:Shinty 4194:Gouren 4158:Cnapan 4152:Cammag 4065:Imbolc 3988:Carnyx 3914:Tartan 3833:Carnyx 3600:Mannin 3576:Kernow 3564:Breizh 3434:Gaelic 3390:Fáinne 3335:Brehon 3309:Breton 3263:Druids 3117:Places 2824:Volcae 2769:Belgae 2730:· 2728:  2722:· 2720:  2714:· 2712:  2232:Dundee 2100:Modern 1989:  1970:  1939:  1920:  1852:  1833:  1810:  1791:  1772:  1753:  1734:  1549:7 June 1471:5 June 1094:France 998:, and 851:Google 770:Sezneg 734:Yakari 716:Titeuf 710:Spirou 544:Tudric 506:Surrey 479:said, 293:, the 245:Ossian 128:, 1899 122:pewter 53:, and 4773:Lists 4594:Noric 4509:Mixed 4489:Irish 4471:Welsh 4135:Bando 4128:Sport 4029:Wales 3945:Music 3878:Torcs 3868:Mazes 3798:Wales 3624:Cymru 3619:Wales 3502:Music 3425:Vates 3420:Túath 3370:Druid 3299:Welsh 3289:Irish 2880:Scots 2862:Irish 2857:Gaels 2852:Welsh 2799:Gauls 2789:Gaels 2760:Names 2732: 2724: 2716: 2697:Celts 2109:Forms 1580:38–41 1489:. ONS 1465:(PDF) 1458:(PDF) 1435:. BBC 1125:Gauls 1107:is a 1059:Welsh 1005:Wales 418:myths 209:Wales 61:(the 4668:and 4494:Manx 4381:and 3612:Alba 3588:Éire 3507:Rock 3415:Sept 3395:Fili 3330:Bard 3133:Alba 2875:Manx 2699:and 2184:and 2063:Eras 1987:ISBN 1968:ISBN 1937:ISBN 1918:ISBN 1901:2008 1876:2021 1850:ISBN 1831:ISBN 1808:ISBN 1789:ISBN 1770:ISBN 1751:ISBN 1732:ISBN 1715:2016 1551:2017 1521:2012 1495:2012 1473:2012 1441:2011 1098:The 1033:and 1009:The 988:and 955:and 939:and 911:and 899:The 883:Ofis 873:and 859:SPIP 857:and 808:and 731:and 687:The 560:Biba 464:and 436:and 404:The 342:and 211:and 174:race 160:and 109:and 101:and 69:and 37:The 4678:Law 4666:Law 3808:Art 3400:Law 2578:Mòd 1404:168 1119:In 1065:of 302:by 242:'s 207:in 144:to 4864:: 3183:/ 3179:/ 3165:/ 3156:/ 3152:/ 3148:/ 3144:/ 3140:/ 3131:/ 1887:. 1867:. 1730:. 1704:. 1691:: 1687:. 1661:. 1657:. 1595:. 1537:. 1511:. 1431:. 1333:. 1310:^ 1169:. 1162:. 1134:. 1127:. 853:, 804:, 800:, 796:, 788:, 778:, 768:, 764:, 758:, 737:. 725:, 719:, 713:, 707:, 516:. 460:, 432:, 428:, 424:, 256:. 195:. 176:. 97:, 93:, 89:, 85:, 49:, 4185:) 4181:( 4085:/ 4076:/ 4067:/ 4058:/ 3627:) 3621:( 3615:) 3609:( 3603:) 3597:( 3591:) 3585:( 3579:) 3573:( 3567:) 3561:( 3436:) 3432:( 2762:) 2758:( 2689:e 2682:t 2675:v 2046:e 2039:t 2032:v 1995:. 1976:. 1945:. 1926:. 1903:. 1878:. 1858:. 1839:. 1816:. 1797:. 1778:. 1759:. 1740:. 1717:. 1695:. 1663:6 1639:. 1582:. 1553:. 1523:. 1497:. 1475:. 1443:. 1418:. 1406:. 1305:. 1257:. 652:. 33:)

Index


High cross
an original
Gaelic literature
Welsh-language literature
Celtic art
insular art
Early Medieval
Ireland
Britain
Northwest Europe
Irish Literary Revival
William Butler Yeats
Lady Gregory
"Æ" Russell
Edward Martyn
Alice Milligan
Edward Plunkett
Irish literature
Irish poetry

pewter
Archibald Knox
modernisation
Terry Eagleton
tradition
modernity
romantic
noble savage
Irish people

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