Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

5112:(an American) offered his detailed explanatory according to a 2013 study. According to Ward Wilson, the Japanese Supreme Council's decision to surrender was decided on August 9 (Japan time), while the bombing of Nagasaki took place in the late morning of August 9, after the Supreme Council began a meeting to discuss surrender. Ward Wilson believes that the bombing of Hiroshima was not the reason for Japan's surrender, because the preliminary report of the Japanese Army investigation team on the bombing of Hiroshima was not submitted until August 10. Ward Wilson believes that Japan decided to surrender long before its leaders realized the devastation caused by the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. According to Ward Wilson, Japanese leaders had long concluded: it is possible to fight a decisive battle against a great power attacking from one direction, but it is impossible to repel two great powers attacking from two different directions. At a meeting of the Supreme Council in June 1945, they said that Soviet participation in the war "will decide the fate of the entire Empire". At the same meeting, Deputy General Staff of the Army Kawabe said that "Maintaining absolute peace in our relations with the Soviet Union is extremely important if we want to continue the war". According to Ward Wilson, the Soviet Union's Manchurian Campaign destroyed all hope of Japanese resistance, even though they did not know about the US atomic bombing. On August 6, 1945, after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, US President Harry S. Truman broadcast on the radio calling for Japan's surrender. President Truman talked about the atomic bomb and threatened that if Japan did not surrender, disasters like Hiroshima would continue. And Truman's announcement was delivered by Prince Koichi Kido to the Emperor of Japan at 1:30 p.m. on August 7. However, the Japanese leadership (and almost the entire world) at that time did not understand what the concept of an "atomic bomb" was. The destruction of a city is shocking news in times of peace, but in the context of 1945, dozens of Japanese cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, Yokohama... were completely destroyed by American bombers. During the previous months, the bombing of Tokyo alone had killed more than 100,000 civilians in just one day, so the destruction of Hiroshima and Truman's vague threat did not make much impression on the Japanese commander. Ward Wilson argued that the Japanese Imperial Supreme Council's cancellation of the meeting about the bombing of Hiroshima proved that Council members did not consider this bombing more serious than previous incidents. In Ward Wilson's view, the Soviet campaign had a decisive strategic significance in causing Japan to surrender, while the US atomic bombing did not. The motivation for the Japanese Empire to surrender according to Ward Wilson was not from the atomic bombing by the United States but was actually due to the effects of the Soviet Union declaring war on Japan. This is reinforced by Ward Wilson with arguments such as: 2893: 2917: 1978: 1900:

during the final adjustments of the bomb the Japanese defenders should attack, a faulty move might easily result in some kind of failure. Such an end to an advertised demonstration of power would be much worse than if the attempt had not been made. It was now evident that when the time came for the bombs to be used we should have only one of them available, followed afterwards by others at all-too-long intervals. We could not afford the chance that one of them might be a dud. If the test were made on some neutral territory, it was hard to believe that Japan's determined and fanatical military men would be impressed. If such an open test were made first and failed to bring surrender, the chance would be gone to give the shock of surprise that proved so effective. On the contrary, it would make the Japanese ready to interfere with an atomic attack if they could. Though the possibility of a demonstration that would not destroy human lives was attractive, no one could suggest a way in which it could be made so convincing that it would be likely to stop the war.

2774: 2869: 2857: 18717: 1303: 2881: 2845: 2746: 2905: 3774: 1731: 1179: 3491: 2931: 2233: 3309: 3292: 5038: 2817: 2790: 7526:

log was 9,470 meters (31,060 ft)—the latter possibly an error transposing two digits. A later calculation using the indicated atmospheric pressure arrived at the figure of 9,800 meters (32,200 ft). Similarly, several values have been reported as the altitude of the Little Boy bomb at the moment of detonation. Published sources vary in the range of 550 to 610 m (1,800 to 2,000 ft) above the city. The device was set to explode at 575 m (1,885 ft), but this was approximate. Malik uses the figure of 580 m (1,903 ft) plus or minus 15 m (50 ft), determined after data review by

2664:, which have a distinctively bright white flash) had happened to go off immediately in their vicinity, causing tremendous damage (throwing people across rooms, breaking glass, crushing buildings). After emerging from the ruins the survivors gradually understood that the entire city had been attacked at the same instant. Survivor accounts frequently feature walking through the ruins of the city without a clear sense of where to go, and encountering the cries of people trapped within crushed structures, or people with horrific burns. As the numerous small fires created by the blast began to grow, they merged into a 4007: 3250: 3300:

timber or other materials not designed to withstand explosions. Nagasaki had been permitted to grow for many years without conforming to any definite city zoning plan; residences were erected adjacent to factory buildings and to each other almost as closely as possible throughout the entire industrial valley. On the day of the bombing, an estimated 263,000 people were in Nagasaki, including 240,000 Japanese residents, 10,000 Korean residents, 2,500 conscripted Korean workers, 9,000 Japanese soldiers, 600 conscripted Chinese workers, and 400 Allied prisoners of war in a camp to the north of Nagasaki.

964: 2805: 3571:. After initially deciding that if Nagasaki were obscured on their arrival the crew would carry the bomb to Okinawa and dispose of it in the ocean if necessary, Ashworth agreed with Sweeney's suggestion that a radar approach would be used if the target was obscured. At about 07:50 Japanese time, an air raid alert was sounded in Nagasaki, but the "all clear" signal was given at 08:30. When only two B-29 Superfortresses were sighted at 10:53 Japanese Time (GMT+9), the Japanese apparently assumed that the planes were only on reconnaissance and no further alarm was given. 1931: 54: 1593: 4916: 3703:. Of 7,500 Japanese employees who worked inside the Mitsubishi Munitions plant, including "mobilized" students and regular workers, 6,200 were killed. Some 17,000–22,000 others who worked in other war plants and factories in the city died as well. The 1946 Manhattan Project report estimated 39,000 dead and 25,000 injured, and the 1951 U.S.-led Joint Commission report estimated 39,214 dead and 25,153 injured; Japanese-led reconsiderations in the 1970s estimated 70,000 dead in Nagasaki by the end of the year. A modern estimate by the 2829: 2319: 5069:, and the ethical, legal, and military controversies surrounding the United States' justification for them have been the subject of scholarly and popular debate. On one hand, it has been argued that the bombings caused the Japanese surrender, thereby preventing casualties that an invasion of Japan would have involved. Stimson talked of saving one million casualties. The naval blockade might have starved the Japanese into submission without an invasion, but this would also have resulted in many more Japanese deaths. 1366: 22140: 2734: 4063:. Some reporters were horrified by the scene, however, referring to what they saw as a "death laboratory" littered with "human guinea pigs". General MacArthur found the reporting to have turned from good PR into bad PR and threatened to court martial the entire group. He withdrew Burchett's press accreditation and expelled the journalist from the occupation zones. The authorities also accused him of being under the sway of Japanese propaganda and later suppressed another story, on the Nagasaki bombing, by 2758: 1472: 1632:, targeting islands around Tinian and later the Japanese home islands, until as late as August 14, 1945. Some of the missions over Japan were flown by single unescorted bombers with a single payload to accustom the Japanese to this pattern. They also simulated actual atomic bombing runs, including the directions of ingress and egress with respect to the wind. Tibbets himself was barred from flying most missions over Japan for fear that he might be captured and interrogated. On 5 April 1945, the 2681:

the morning of the attack, and uncertainty in methodology. Reports by the Manhattan Project in 1946 and the U.S. occupation–led Joint Commission for the Investigation of the Atomic Bomb in Japan in 1951 estimated 66,000 dead and 69,000 injured, and 64,500 dead and 72,000 injured, respectively, while Japanese-led reconsiderations of the death toll in the 1970s estimated 140,000 dead in Hiroshima by the end of the year. Estimates also vary on the number of Japanese military personnel killed. The

26142: 3939: 2538: 16514: 4663: 3106: 3711: 3624: 3483:, the flight engineer notified Sweeney that an inoperative fuel transfer pump made it impossible to use 2,400 liters (640 U.S. gal) of fuel carried in a reserve tank. This fuel would still have to be carried all the way to Japan and back, consuming still more fuel. Replacing the pump would take hours; moving the Fat Man to another aircraft might take just as long and was dangerous as well, as the bomb was live. Tibbets and Sweeney therefore elected to have 24493: 24457: 18536: 16364: 4145:, is reported to have reached Tokyo in English by January 1947, and the translated version was released in Japan in 1949. It narrated the stories of the lives of six bomb survivors from immediately prior to, and months after, the dropping of the Little Boy bomb. Beginning in 1974, a compilation of drawings and artwork made by the survivors of the bombings began to be compiled, with completion in 1977, and under both book and exhibition format, it was titled 4790:. He was confirmed to be 3 km (1.9 mi) from ground zero in Hiroshima on a business trip when the bomb was detonated. He was seriously burnt on his left side and spent the night in Hiroshima. He arrived at his home city of Nagasaki on 8 August, the day before the bombing, and he was exposed to residual radiation while searching for his relatives. He was the first officially recognized survivor of both bombings. He died in 2010 of stomach cancer. 4262: 3955: 4153: 24503: 2306:. At the time of the attack, the population was approximately 340,000–350,000. Residents wondered why Hiroshima had been spared destruction by firebombing. Some speculated that the city was to be saved for U.S. occupation headquarters, others thought perhaps their relatives in Hawaii and California had petitioned the U.S. government to avoid bombing Hiroshima. More realistic city officials had ordered buildings torn down to create long, straight 3056: 3044: 4754:. The surviving women of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, that could conceive, who were exposed to substantial amounts of radiation, had children with no higher incidence of abnormalities/birth defects than the rate which is observed in the Japanese average. A study of the long-term psychological effects of the bombings on the survivors found that even 17–20 years after the bombings had occurred survivors showed a higher prevalence of 3544:, to produce black smoke. The clouds and smoke resulted in 70 percent of the area over Kokura being covered, obscuring the aiming point. Three bomb runs were made over the next 50 minutes, burning fuel and exposing the aircraft repeatedly to the heavy defenses around Kokura, but the bombardier was unable to drop visually. By the time of the third bomb run, Japanese anti-aircraft fire was getting close, and Second Lieutenant 1418:, on 9–10 March killed an estimated 100,000 people and destroyed 41 km (16 sq mi) of the city and 267,000 buildings in a single night. It was the deadliest bombing raid of the war, at a cost of 20 B-29s shot down by flak and fighters. By May, 75 percent of bombs dropped were incendiaries designed to burn down Japan's "paper cities". By mid-June, Japan's six largest cities had been devastated. The end of the 15535: 26118: 26130: 1098:

The loss of shipping also affected the fishing fleet, and the 1945 catch was only 22 percent of that in 1941. The 1945 rice harvest was the worst since 1909, and hunger and malnutrition became widespread. U.S. industrial production was overwhelmingly superior to Japan's. By 1943, the U.S. produced almost 100,000 aircraft a year, compared to Japan's production of 70,000 for the entire war. In February 1945, Prince

3782:

1945. On 10 August, he sent a memorandum to Marshall in which he wrote that "the next bomb ... should be ready for delivery on the first suitable weather after 17 or 18 August." The memo today contains hand-written comment written by Marshall: "It is not to be released over Japan without express authority from the President." At the cabinet meeting that morning, Truman discussed these actions.

2299:

built around timber frames. The city as a whole was highly susceptible to fire damage. It was the second largest city in Japan after Kyoto that was still undamaged by air raids, primarily because it lacked the aircraft manufacturing industry that was the XXI Bomber Command's priority target. On 3 July, the Joint Chiefs of Staff placed it off limits to bombers, along with Kokura, Niigata and Kyoto.

3612:, was dropped over the city's industrial valley. It exploded 47 seconds later at 11:02 Japanese Time at 503 ± 10 m (1,650 ± 33 ft), above a tennis court, halfway between the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works in the south and the Nagasaki Arsenal in the north. This was nearly 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of the planned hypocenter; the blast was confined to the 2112:, "kill by silence"), and that Japan would fight to the end. The statement was taken by both Japanese and foreign papers as a clear rejection of the declaration. Emperor Hirohito, who was waiting for a Soviet reply to non-committal Japanese peace feelers, made no move to change the government position. Japan's willingness to surrender remained conditional on the preservation of the 2962:, remained on duty at the Red Cross Hospital. Nonetheless, by early afternoon the police and volunteers had established evacuation center at hospitals, schools and tram stations, and a morgue was established in the Asano library. Survivors of the blast gathered for medical treatment, but many would die before receiving any help, leaving behind rings of corpses around hospitals. 4915: 1961:

Hiroshima may have been leafleted in late July or early August, as survivor accounts talk about a delivery of leaflets a few days before the atomic bomb was dropped. Three versions were printed of a leaflet listing 11 or 12 cities targeted for firebombing; a total of 33 cities listed. With the text of this leaflet reading in Japanese "...

7530:. Radar returns from the tops of multistory buildings near the hypocenter may have triggered the detonation at a somewhat higher altitude than planned. Kerr et al. (2005) found that a detonation altitude of 600 m (1,968.5 ft), plus or minus 20 m (65.6 ft), gave the best fit for all the measurement discrepancies. 1387:, assumed command in January 1945 and initially continued to use the same precision bombing tactics, with equally unsatisfactory results. The attacks initially targeted key industrial facilities but much of the Japanese manufacturing process was carried out in small workshops and private homes. Under pressure from 1362:, aimed at key industries and transportation networks, even after these tactics had not produced acceptable results. These efforts proved unsuccessful due to logistical difficulties with the remote location, technical problems with the new and advanced aircraft, unfavorable weather conditions, and enemy action. 15538: 4265: 3958: 5502: 4264: 3957: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4156: 3962: 3961: 3956: 5197:

that the atomic bombings of both Hiroshima and Nagasaki were illegal under international law of that time, as an indiscriminate bombardment of undefended cities. The court denied the appellants compensation on the grounds that the Japanese government had waived the right for reparations from the U.S.

4322:

was the first death officially certified to be the result of radiation poisoning or, as it was referred to by many, the "atomic bomb disease". She was some 650 meters (2,130 ft) from the hypocenter at Hiroshima and would die on 24 August 1945 after traveling to Tokyo. It was unappreciated at the

4155: 3906:

Moreover, the enemy has begun to employ a new and most cruel bomb, the power of which to do damage is, indeed, incalculable, taking the toll of many innocent lives. Should we continue to fight, not only would it result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would

3897:

But now the war has lasted for nearly four years. Despite the best that has been done by every one—the gallant fighting of military and naval forces, the diligence and assiduity of Our servants of the State and the devoted service of Our one hundred million people, the war situation has developed not

3162:

had failed, and that the United States and its allies had "spent two billion dollars on the greatest scientific gamble in history—and won". Truman then warned Japan: "If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth.

3075:

noticed that the Hiroshima station had gone off the air. He tried to re-establish his program by using another telephone line, but it too had failed. About 20 minutes later the Tokyo railroad telegraph center realized that the main line telegraph had stopped working just north of Hiroshima. From some

2617:

stayed over the target area for two minutes and was 16 kilometers (10 mi) away when the bomb detonated. Only Tibbets, Parsons, and Ferebee knew of the nature of the weapon; the others on the bomber were only told to expect a blinding flash and given black goggles. "It was hard to believe what we

2156:

The Little Boy bomb, except for the uranium payload, was ready at the beginning of May 1945. There were two uranium-235 components, a hollow cylindrical projectile and a cylindrical target insert. The projectile was completed on 15 June, and the target insert on 24 July. The projectile and eight bomb

2055:

This weapon is to be used against Japan between now and August 10th. I have told the Sec. of War, Mr. Stimson, to use it so that military objectives and soldiers and sailors are the target and not women and children. Even if the Japs are savages, ruthless, merciless and fanatic, we as the leader

1912:

on 11 June and the Scientific Advisory Panel rejected his report on 16 June, saying that "we can propose no technical demonstration likely to bring an end to the war; we see no acceptable alternative to direct military use." Franck then took the report to Washington, D.C., where the Interim Committee

1046:

suggested the use of atomic bombs on Germany as soon as possible, but was informed the first usable atomic weapons were still months away. America's reserves of manpower were running out. Deferments for groups such as agricultural workers were tightened, and there was consideration of drafting women.

4829:

on 17 September 1945. More than half the bridges were destroyed, and the roads and railroads were damaged, further devastating the city. The population increased from 83,000 soon after the bombing to 146,000 in February 1946. The city was rebuilt after the war, with help from the national government

4414:

of unspecified lethality were likely due to radiation from the bombs or some other post-attack city effects, with the statistical excess being 200 leukemia deaths and 1,700 solid cancers of undeclared lethality. Both of these statistics being derived from the observation of approximately half of the

4160: 4159: 4154: 3299:

In contrast to Hiroshima, almost all of the buildings were of old-fashioned Japanese construction, consisting of timber or timber-framed buildings with timber walls (with or without plaster) and tile roofs. Many of the smaller industries and business establishments were also situated in buildings of

3283:

Unlike the other target cities, Nagasaki had not been placed off limits to bombers by the Joint Chiefs of Staff's 3 July directive, and was bombed on a small scale five times. During one of these raids on 1 August, a number of conventional high-explosive bombs were dropped on the city. A few hit the

3087:

The staff officer went to the airport and took off for the southwest. After flying for about three hours, while still nearly 160 km (100 mi) from Hiroshima, he and his pilot saw a great cloud of smoke from the firestorm created by the bomb. After circling the city to survey the damage they

3019:

Twelve American airmen were imprisoned at the Chugoku Military Police Headquarters, about 400 meters (1,300 ft) from the hypocenter of the blast. Most died instantly, although two were reported to have been executed by their captors, and two prisoners badly injured by the bombing were left next

2693:

U.S. surveys estimated that 12 km (4.7 sq mi) of the city were destroyed. Japanese officials determined that 69 percent of Hiroshima's buildings were destroyed and another 6 to 7 percent damaged. Some of the reinforced concrete buildings in Hiroshima had been very strongly constructed

2526:

After leaving Tinian, the aircraft made their way separately to Iwo Jima to rendezvous with Sweeney and Marquardt at 05:55 at 2,800 meters (9,200 ft), and set course for Japan. The aircraft arrived over the target in clear visibility at 9,470 meters (31,060 ft). Parsons, who was in command

2042:

The 509th Composite Group, 20th Air Force will deliver its first special bomb as soon as weather will permit visual bombing after about 3 August 1945 on one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata and Nagasaki. To carry military and civilian scientific personnel from the War Department to observe

2013:

announced that the British government concurred with the use of nuclear weapons against Japan, which would be officially recorded as a decision of the Combined Policy Committee. As the release of information to third parties was also controlled by the Quebec Agreement, discussion then turned to what

1855:

Extant sources show that while Stimson was personally familiar with Kyoto, this was the result of a visit decades after his marriage, not because he honeymooned there. On 30 May, Stimson asked Groves to remove Kyoto from the target list due to its historical, religious and cultural significance, but

1543:

The work of the Manhattan Project took place at dozens of sites across the United States, and even some outside of its borders. It would ultimately cost over US$ 2 billion (equivalent to about $ 27 billion in 2023) and employ over 125,000 people simultaneously at its peak. Groves appointed

1454:

stopped attempting to intercept the air raids to preserve fighter aircraft to counter the expected invasion. By mid-1945 the Japanese only occasionally scrambled aircraft to intercept individual B-29s conducting reconnaissance sorties over the country, to conserve supplies of fuel. In July 1945, the

5216:

By 30 June 1946, there were components for nine atomic bombs in the US arsenal, all Fat Man devices identical to the one used at Nagasaki. The nuclear weapons were handmade devices, and a great deal of work remained to improve their ease of assembly, safety, reliability and storage before they were

4584:

Examination of the prenatally exposed in terms of IQ performance and school records, determined the beginning of a statistically significant reduction in both, when exposed to greater than 0.1 to 0.5 gray, during the same gestational period of 8–25 weeks. However outside this period, at less than 8

4302:

An estimated 90,000 to 166,000 people in Hiroshima (between 26 and 49 percent of its population) and 60,000 to 80,000 people in Nagasaki (between 22 and 32 percent of its population) died in 1945, of which a majority in each case were killed on the days of the bombings, due to the force and heat of

3781:

There were plans for further attacks on Japan following Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Groves expected to have another "Fat Man" atomic bomb ready for use on 19 August, with three more in September and a further three in October. A second Little Boy bomb (using U-235) would not be available until December

3749:

developed in Nagasaki as the damaged areas did not furnish enough fuel to generate the phenomenon. Instead, ambient wind pushed the fire spread along the valley. Had the bomb been dropped more precisely at the intended aiming point, which was downtown Nagasaki at the heart of the historic district,

3651:

bounced up into the air again for about 7.6 meters (25 ft) before slamming back down hard. The heavy B-29 slewed left and towards a row of parked B-24 bombers before the pilots managed to regain control. Its reversible propellers were insufficient to slow the aircraft adequately, and with both

2953:

after the war) only 170 meters (560 ft) from ground zero at the time of the attack. He died in 1982, aged 84. Akiko Takakura was among the closest survivors to the hypocenter of the blast. She was in the solidly-built Bank of Hiroshima only 300 meters (980 ft) from ground-zero at the time

1828:

The Target Committee stated that "It was agreed that psychological factors in the target selection were of great importance. Two aspects of this are (1) obtaining the greatest psychological effect against Japan and (2) making the initial use sufficiently spectacular for the importance of the weapon

1097:

in 1941 to 1,560,000 tons in March 1945, and 557,000 tons in August 1945. The lack of raw materials forced the Japanese war economy into a steep decline after the middle of 1944. The civilian economy, which had slowly deteriorated throughout the war, reached disastrous levels by the middle of 1945.

7525:

describes how various values were recorded for the B-29's altitude at the moment of bomb release over Hiroshima. The strike report said 9,200 meters (30,200 ft), the official history said 9,600 meters (31,600 ft), Parson's log entry was 10,000 meters (32,700 ft), and the navigator's

5122:

The Imperial Japanese Army's preliminary report on the bombing of Hiroshima, a very detailed account of what happened there, was not submitted until August 10. Therefore, the psychological impact of the atomic bomb on the decision to surrender was non-existent, because on August 9, Japan's supreme

4943:

Nagasaki was rebuilt in dramatically changed form after the war. The pace of reconstruction was initially slow, and the first simple emergency dwellings were not provided until 1946. The focus on redevelopment was the replacement of war industries with foreign trade, shipbuilding and fishing. This

4620:

filtered or shifted the absorbed neutron-radiation profile, so that the dose of radiation energy received in Nagasaki was mostly that from exposure to X-rays/gamma rays. Contrast this to the environment within 1500 meters of the hypocenter at Hiroshima, where the in-utero dose depended more on the

4270: 3963: 3832:

Until 9 August, Japan's war council still insisted on its four conditions for surrender. The full cabinet met at 14:30 on 9 August, and spent most of the day debating surrender. Anami conceded that victory was unlikely, but argued in favor of continuing the war. The meeting ended at 17:30, with no

3284:

shipyards and dock areas in the southwest portion of the city, and several hit the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works. By early August, the city was defended by the 134th Anti-Aircraft Regiment of the 4th Anti-Aircraft Division with four batteries of 7 cm (2.8 in) anti-aircraft guns and two

3083:

Military bases repeatedly tried to call the Army Control Station in Hiroshima. The complete silence from that city puzzled the General Staff; they knew that no large enemy raid had occurred and that no sizable store of explosives was in Hiroshima at that time. A young officer was instructed to fly

2680:

The exact number of people killed by the blast, firestorm, and radiation effects of the bombing are unknown. Difficulty in coming up with a correct figure is due to the imprecise record-keeping during the war, the chaos caused by the attack, lack of agreement on how many people were in the city on

943:

concerning the ethical and legal justification for the bombings. According to supporters, the atomic bombings were necessary to bring an end to the war with minimal casualties and ultimately prevented a greater loss of life; according to critics, the bombings were unnecessary for the war's end and

5096:

and the opinion of the Supreme Council, Emperor Hirohito issued a statement: "I have thought about it carefully. The Russians have joined the war. Japan is in a situation of "two fronts" with both sides being attacked. Only one solution proposed by Prime Minister Suzuki (surrender) can find a way

4645:

as a result of prenatal exposure, have been conducted with "no statistically significant linear relationship seen". There is a suggestion that in the most extremely exposed, those who survived within a kilometer or so of the hypocenters, a trend emerges akin to that seen in SMR, though the sample

3753:

As in Hiroshima, the bombing badly dislocated the city's medical facilities. A makeshift hospital was established at the Shinkozen Primary School, which served as the main medical center. The trains were still running, and evacuated many victims to hospitals in nearby towns. A medical team from a

3320:

Responsibility for the timing of the second bombing was delegated to Tibbets. Scheduled for 11 August, the raid was moved earlier by two days to avoid a five-day period of bad weather forecast to begin on 10 August. Three bomb pre-assemblies had been transported to Tinian, labeled F-31, F-32, and

2977:

Military District Headquarters that was responsible for issuing and lifting air raid warnings was located in a semi-basement in the castle. Yoshie Oka, a Hijiyama Girls High School student who had been mobilized to serve as a communications officer, had just sent a message that the alarm had been

2580:. The release at 08:15 (Hiroshima time) went as planned, and the Little Boy containing about 64 kg (141 lb) of uranium-235 took 44.4 seconds to fall from the aircraft flying at about 9,400 meters (31,000 ft) to a detonation height of about 580 meters (1,900 ft) above the city. 2298:

buildings. Outside the center, the area was congested by a dense collection of small timber workshops set among Japanese houses. A few larger industrial plants lay near the outskirts of the city. The houses were constructed of timber with tile roofs, and many of the industrial buildings were also

2293:

Hiroshima was a supply and logistics base for the Japanese military. The city was a communications center, a key port for shipping, and an assembly area for troops. It supported a large war industry, manufacturing parts for planes and boats, for bombs, rifles, and handguns. The center of the city

2218:

on 26 July, and arrived at North Field 28 July. Three Fat Man high-explosive pre-assemblies, designated F31, F32, and F33, were picked up at Kirtland on 28 July by three B-29s, two from the 393d Bombardment Squadron plus one from the 216th Army Air Force Base Unit, and transported to North Field,

1899:

It was evident that everyone would suspect trickery. If a bomb were exploded in Japan with previous notice, the Japanese air power was still adequate to give serious interference. An atomic bomb was an intricate device, still in the developmental stage. Its operation would be far from routine. If

1821:

middle of an urban industrial area. It is a good radar target and it is such a size that a large part of the city could be extensively damaged. There are adjacent hills which are likely to produce a focusing effect which would considerably increase the blast damage. Due to rivers it is not a good

4637:

at Hiroshima still has the largest uncertainty as the Little Boy bomb design was never tested before deployment or afterward; as such, the estimated radiation profile absorbed by individuals at Hiroshima had required greater reliance on calculations than the Japanese soil, concrete and roof-tile

3740:

The radius of total destruction was about 1.6 km (1 mi), followed by fires across the northern portion of the city to 3.2 km (2 mi) south of the bomb. About 58 percent of the Mitsubishi Arms Plant was damaged, and about 78 percent of the Mitsubishi Steel Works. The Mitsubishi

1820:

These cities were largely untouched during the nightly bombing raids, and the Army Air Forces agreed to leave them off the target list so accurate assessment of the damage caused by the atomic bombs could be made. Hiroshima was described as "an important army depot and port of embarkation in the

1619:

to develop the means of delivering an atomic weapon against targets in Germany and Japan. Because the flying squadrons of the group consisted of both bomber and transport aircraft, the group was designated as a "composite" rather than a "bombardment" unit. Due to its remoteness, Tibbets selected

1323:

in China to make a series of raids on strategic targets in Japan. This effort failed to achieve the strategic objectives that its planners had intended, largely because of logistical problems, the bomber's mechanical difficulties, the vulnerability of Chinese staging bases, and the extreme range

5136:

Japan remained determined to inflict the greatest possible casualties on the United States if the United States landed on Japanese territory. But the Soviet Union had declared war on Japan, landed on the Kuril and was landing very quickly, Japan could not respond in time, so surrendering to the

1943:

remained ineffective. In general, the Japanese regarded the leaflet messages as truthful, with many Japanese choosing to leave major cities. The leaflets caused such concern that the government ordered the arrest of anyone caught in possession of a leaflet. Leaflet texts were prepared by recent

4161: 2672:

took the only photographs of Hiroshima immediately after the bombing. He described in a later interview that, immediately after the bombing, "everywhere there was dust; it made a grayish darkness over everything." He took five photographs in total before he could not continue: "It was really a

1921:

might be moved to the demonstration site and be killed by the bomb. They also worried that the bomb might be a failure, as the Trinity test was that of a stationary device, not an air-dropped bomb. In addition, although more bombs were in production, only two would be available at the start of

1833:... Kyoto has the advantage of the people being more highly intelligent and hence better able to appreciate the significance of the weapon. Hiroshima has the advantage of being such a size and with possible focussing from nearby mountains that a large fraction of the city may be destroyed. The 3275:

Shipyards, Electrical Shipyards, Arms Plant, and Steel and Arms Works, which employed about 90 percent of the city's labor force, and accounted for 90 percent of the city's industry. Although an important industrial city, Nagasaki had been spared from firebombing because its geography made it

1960:

wrote that it was 27 July, and Theodore H. McNelly wrote that it was 30 July. The USAAF history noted that eleven cities were targeted with leaflets on 27 July, but Hiroshima was not one of them, and there were no leaflet sorties on 30 July. Leaflet sorties were undertaken on 1 and 4 August.

10637:

Significant increases at doses greater than 50 rads in Hiroshima and 200 in Nagasaki were found, with the risk of mental retardation generally rising directly with increasing dose. The lower dose-effect in Hiroshima may have been due to irradiation by neutrons which were virtually absent in

1938:

For several months, the U.S. had warned civilians of potential air raids by dropping more than 63 million leaflets across Japan. Many Japanese cities suffered terrible damage from aerial bombings; some were as much as 97 percent destroyed. LeMay thought that leaflets would increase the

3475:

island with the Fat Man, with Kokura as the primary target and Nagasaki the secondary target. The mission plan for the second attack was nearly identical to that of the Hiroshima mission, with two B-29s flying an hour ahead as weather scouts and two additional B-29s in Sweeney's flight for

2916: 1245:, who estimated the invading Allies would suffer between 1.7 and 4 million casualties, of whom between 400,000 and 800,000 would be dead, while Japanese fatalities would have been around 5 to 10 million. In a meeting with the President and commanders on June 18, 1945, General 5088:, argued that the entry of the Soviet Union into the war against Japan "played a much greater role than the atomic bombs in inducing Japan to surrender because it dashed any hope that Japan could terminate the war through Moscow's mediation". On 10 August 1945, after hearing about the 5126:

The Japanese Empire at that time had no knowledge of the atomic bomb, especially its power. Therefore, the meeting of the Imperial Japanese Supreme Council on the bombing of Hiroshima was canceled, proving that Council members did not consider this bombing more serious than previous

4462:

was not significantly higher among the children of survivors who were pregnant at the time of the bombings. He also studied the longevity of the children who survived the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, reporting that between 90 and 95 percent were still living 50 years later.

2694:

because of the earthquake danger in Japan, and their framework did not collapse even though they were fairly close to the blast center. Since the bomb detonated in the air, the blast was directed more downward than sideways, which was largely responsible for the survival of the

4381:

some two years and above, peaking around six to eight years later. Jarrett Foley published the first major reports on the significant increased incidence of the latter among survivors. Almost all cases of leukemia over the following 50 years were in people exposed to more than

4830:

through the Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law passed in 1949. It provided financial assistance for reconstruction, along with land donated that was previously owned by the national government and used for military purposes. In 1949, a design was selected for the

4267: 3960: 2087:

and stated that without a surrender, the Allies would attack Japan, resulting in "the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese armed forces and just as inevitably the utter devastation of the Japanese homeland". The atomic bomb was not mentioned in the communiqué.

3129: 4158: 15596: 3181:, broadcast a similar message to Japan every 15 minutes about Hiroshima, stating that more Japanese cities would face a similar fate in the absence of immediate acceptance of the terms of the Potsdam Declaration and emphatically urged civilians to evacuate major cities. 923:, and Nagasaki. These targets were chosen because they were large urban areas that also held militarily significant facilities. On 6 August, a Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima. Three days later, a Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki. Over the next two to four months, the 8485: 3131: 2175:

from Project Alberta. Responding to concerns expressed by the 509th Composite Group about the possibility of a B-29 crashing on takeoff, Birch had modified the Little Boy design to incorporate a removable breech plug that would permit the bomb to be armed in flight.

15337: 1310:

While the United States had developed plans for an air campaign against Japan prior to the Pacific War, the capture of Allied bases in the western Pacific in the first weeks of the conflict meant that this offensive did not begin until mid-1944 when the long-ranged

5510: 4415:

total survivors, strictly those who took part in the study. A meta-analysis from 2016 found that radiation exposure increases cancer risk, but also that the average lifespan of survivors was reduced by only a few months compared to those not exposed to radiation.

4025:

was also one of the first Western journalists to visit Hiroshima after the bombing. He arrived alone by train from Tokyo on 2 September, defying the traveling ban put in place on Western correspondents. Burchett's dispatch, "The Atomic Plague", was printed by the

3814:. Although cast, it still needed to be pressed and coated, which would take until 16 August. Therefore, it could have been ready for use on 19 August. Unable to reach Marshall, Groves ordered on his own authority on 13 August that the core should not be shipped. 3646:

came in fast, landing at 230 km/h (140 mph) instead of the normal 190 kilometers per hour (120 mph). The number two engine died from fuel starvation as he began the final approach. Touching down on only three engines midway down the landing strip,

3128: 1643:

The 509th Composite Group had an authorized strength of 225 officers and 1,542 enlisted men, almost all of whom eventually deployed to Tinian. In addition to its authorized strength, the 509th had attached to it on Tinian 51 civilian and military personnel from

3741:

Electric Works suffered only 10 percent structural damage as it was on the border of the main destruction zone. The Nagasaki Arsenal was destroyed in the blast. Although many fires likewise burnt following the bombing, in contrast to Hiroshima where sufficient

4113:

reels were confiscated by the American authorities, but they were requested by the Japanese government, and declassified. The public release of film footage of the city post-attack, and some research about the effects of the attack, was restricted during the

4318:(ARS), all within about 20 to 30 days. Many people not injured by the blast eventually died within that timeframe as well after suffering from ARS. At the time, the doctors had no idea what the cause was and were unable to effectively treat the condition. 4088:, arrived in September 1945 to document the effects of the bombing of Japan. He used a film crew to document the effects of the bombings in early 1946. The film crew shot 27,000 m (90,000 ft) of film, resulting in a three-hour documentary titled 3130: 2773: 4470:

increase in birth defects occurred directly after the bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima when the cities were taken as wholes, in terms of distance from the hypocenters. However, Neel and others noted that in approximately 50 humans who were of an early

4002:

published an abbreviated version of his 27 August UP article. Nearly all references to uranium poisoning were omitted. An editor's note was added to say that, according to American scientists, "the atomic bomb will not have any lingering after-effects."

3127: 3088:

landed south of the city, where the staff officer, after reporting to Tokyo, began to organize relief measures. Tokyo learned that the city had been destroyed by a new type of bomb from President Truman's announcement of the strike, sixteen hours later.

18716: 3126: 3125: 4226:

in late 1945 showed a significant minority of Americans (23 percent) wishing that more atomic bombs could have been dropped on Japan. The initial positive response was supported by the imagery presented to the public (mainly the powerful images of the

4048:, sometimes lasting more than thirty days after the blast. Burchett especially noted that people were dying "horribly" after bleeding from orifices, and their flesh would rot away from the injection holes where vitamin A was administered, to no avail. 3915:

Such being the case, how are we to save the millions of our subjects, or to atone ourselves before the hallowed spirits of our imperial ancestors? This is the reason why we have ordered the acceptance of the provisions of the joint declaration of the

2527:

of the mission, armed the bomb in flight to minimize the risks during takeoff. He had witnessed four B-29s crash and burn at takeoff, and feared that a nuclear explosion would occur if a B-29 crashed with an armed Little Boy on board. His assistant,

2718:

in 1996 over the objections of the United States and China, which expressed reservations on the grounds that other Asian nations were the ones who suffered the greatest loss of life and property, and a focus on Japan lacked historical perspective.

4873: 1916:

Like Compton, many U.S. officials and scientists argued that a demonstration would sacrifice the shock value of the atomic attack, and the Japanese could deny the atomic bomb was lethal, making the mission less likely to produce surrender. Allied

3163:

Behind this air attack will follow sea and land forces in such numbers and power as they have not yet seen and with the fighting skill of which they are already well aware." This was a widely broadcast speech picked up by Japanese news agencies.

3223:, the Chief of the Naval General Staff, estimated that no more than one or two additional bombs could be readied, so they decided to endure the remaining attacks, acknowledging "there would be more destruction but the war would go on". American 1763:

from the Manhattan Project. The Target Committee met in Washington on 27 April; at Los Alamos on 10 May, where it was able to talk to the scientists and technicians there; and finally in Washington on 28 May, where it was briefed by Tibbets and

4715:. As of 31 March 2024, 106,825 were still alive, mostly in Japan, The government of Japan recognizes about one percent of these as having illnesses caused by radiation. The memorials in Hiroshima and Nagasaki contain lists of the names of the 2289:

of the 3rd Anti-Aircraft Division, including units from the 121st and 122nd Anti-Aircraft Regiments and the 22nd and 45th Separate Anti-Aircraft Battalions. In total, an estimated 40,000 Japanese military personnel were stationed in the city.

5000:. The cathedral was located close to the hypocenter and completely destroyed. At the time, it was crowded with worshippers for confession as the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was approaching on August 15. All were killed. 3847:

be preserved. A second cabinet meeting was held at 18:00. Only four ministers supported Anami's position of adhering to the four conditions, but since cabinet decisions had to be unanimous, no decision was reached before it ended at 22:00.

9137: 2685:

estimated in 1946 that there were 24,158 soldiers present in Hiroshima at the time of the attack, and that 6,789 were killed or missing as a result; the 1970s reconsiderations estimated about 10,000 military dead. A modern estimate by the

3637:

flew on to Okinawa, arriving with only sufficient fuel for a single approach. Sweeney tried repeatedly to contact the control tower for landing clearance, but received no answer. He could see heavy air traffic landing and taking off from

3758:

was a doctor working in the radiology department of Nagasaki Medical College Hospital. He received a serious injury that severed his right temporal artery, but joined the rest of the surviving medical staff in treating bombing victims.

4538:(SMR), that was observed in some 30 individuals, with SMR being a common outcome of the aforementioned microencephaly. While a lack of statistical data, with just 30 individuals out of 1,800, prevents a definitive determination of a 2957:

Over 90 percent of the doctors and 93 percent of the nurses in Hiroshima were killed or injured—most had been in the downtown area which received the greatest damage. The hospitals were destroyed or heavily damaged. Only one doctor,

2892: 1357:

began missions against Japan on 18 November 1944. The early attempts to bomb Japan from the Marianas proved just as ineffective as the China-based B-29s had been. Hansell continued the practice of conducting so-called high-altitude

3230:

Purnell, Parsons, Tibbets, Spaatz, and LeMay met on Guam that same day to discuss what should be done next. Since there was no indication of Japan surrendering, they decided to proceed with dropping another bomb. Parsons said that

1884:. They agreed that the atomic bomb was to be used (1) against Japan at the earliest opportunity, (2) without special warning, and (3) on a "dual target" of military installation surrounded by other buildings susceptible to damage. 3996:(UP) journalist, filed the first personal account of the scene to appear in American newspapers. He observed that large numbers of survivors continued to die from what later became recognized as radiation poisoning. On 31 August, 3504:, flown by the group's operations officer, Major James I. Hopkins, Jr. Observers aboard the weather planes reported both targets clear. When Sweeney's aircraft arrived at the assembly point for his flight off the coast of Japan, 1956:. No warning was given to Hiroshima that a new and much more destructive bomb was going to be dropped. Various sources gave conflicting information about when the last leaflets were dropped on Hiroshima prior to the atomic bomb. 15600: 2946:

The air raid warning had been cleared at 07:31, and many people were outside, going about their activities. Eizō Nomura was the closest known survivor, being in the basement of a reinforced concrete building (it remained as the

8020: 7758: 3862:

in advance, and he reneged on his promise to inform them if a meeting was to be held. The meeting commenced at 23:50. No consensus had emerged by 02:00 on 10 August, but the emperor gave his "sacred decision", authorizing the

1441:

preparations proved inadequate. Japanese fighters and anti-aircraft guns had difficulty engaging bombers flying at high altitude. From April 1945, the Japanese interceptors also had to face American fighter escorts based on

1253:. Additionally, with the Japanese position rendered "hopeless" by an invasion of their mainland, Marshall speculated that Soviet entry into the war might be "the decisive action" needed to finally " them into capitulation." 2673:

terrible scene. It was just like something out of hell." Survivor accounts also prominently feature cases of survivors who appeared uninjured, but who would succumb within hours or days to what would later be identified as

5174:, but rather that there was no general agreement of how to interpret those laws. This means that aerial bombardment of civilian areas in enemy territory by all major belligerents during World War II was not prohibited by 8489: 5258:. American nuclear weapons were stored on Okinawa, and sometimes in Japan itself, albeit in contravention of agreements between the two nations. Lacking the resources to fight the Soviet Union using conventional forces, 4985:. There were no children in the school building at the time as the building was being used for the payroll department of the Mitsubishi Arms Factory, but 138 of the 158 people inside, mostly civilian payroll staff, died. 4218:

for a thanksgiving service for the war's end, calling the use of atomic weapons "an act of wholesale, indiscriminate massacre". Nonetheless, news of the atomic bombing was greeted enthusiastically in the U.S.; a poll in

4058:

confirming the existence of a terrifying affliction in Hiroshima, where many had symptoms such as hair loss and vomiting blood before dying. Lawrence had gained access to the city as part of a press junket promoting the

3737:, was in Nagasaki at the time of the bombing but survived, reportedly having been shielded from the effects of the bomb by the concrete walls of his cell. There were 24 Australian POWs in Nagasaki, all of whom survived. 2660:—a loud booming sound. The experiences of survivors in the city varied depending on their location and circumstances, but a common factor in survivor accounts was a sense that a conventional weapon (sometimes cited as a 1038:. Nearly one million of the casualties occurred during the last year of the war, from June 1944 to June 1945. In December 1944, American battle casualties hit an all-time monthly high of 88,000 as a result of the German 15349: 3790:

recorded in his diary that: "Truman said he had given orders to stop atomic bombing. He said the thought of wiping out another 100,000 people was too horrific. He didn't like the idea of killing, as he said, 'all those

3235:

would have it ready by 11 August, but Tibbets pointed to weather reports indicating poor flying conditions on that day due to a storm, and asked if the bomb could be readied by 9 August. Parsons agreed to try to do so.

1851:... the only person deserving credit for saving Kyoto from destruction is Henry L. Stimson, the Secretary of War at the time, who had known and admired Kyoto ever since his honeymoon there several decades earlier. 1742:

In April 1945, Marshall asked Groves to nominate specific targets for bombing for final approval by himself and Stimson. Groves formed a Target Committee, chaired by himself, that included Farrell, Major John A. Derry,

3795:" The previous order that the target cities were to be attacked with atomic bombs "as made ready" was thus modified. There was already discussion in the War Department about conserving the bombs then in production for 3524:

for forty minutes. Before leaving the rendezvous point, Sweeney consulted Ashworth, who was in charge of the bomb. As commander of the aircraft, Sweeney made the decision to proceed to the primary, the city of Kokura.

1022:

entered its fourth year. Most Japanese military units fought fiercely, ensuring that the Allied victory would come at an enormous cost. The 1.25 million battle casualties incurred in total by the United States in

4944:

was formally declared when the Nagasaki International Culture City Reconstruction Law was passed in May 1949. New temples were built, as well as new churches owing to an increase in the presence of Christianity. The

3016:, intended to repel the American invasion, to collect the wounded and take them down the rivers to the military hospital at Ujina. Trucks and trains brought in relief supplies and evacuated survivors from the city. 2565:. An alert was given and radio broadcasting stopped in many cities, among them Hiroshima. The all-clear was sounded in Hiroshima at 00:05. About an hour before the bombing, the air raid alert was sounded again, as 1074:, where heavy fighting continued until June. Along the way, the ratio of Japanese to American casualties dropped from five to one in the Philippines to two to one on Okinawa. Although some Japanese soldiers were 2043:

and record the effects of the explosion of the bomb, additional aircraft will accompany the airplane carrying the bomb. The observing planes will stay several miles distant from the point of impact of the bomb.

3124: 1863:

about the matter. Truman agreed with Stimson, and Kyoto was temporarily removed from the target list. Groves attempted to restore Kyoto to the target list in July, but Stimson remained adamant. On 25 July,

3084:

immediately to Hiroshima, to land, survey the damage, and return to Tokyo with reliable information for the staff. It was felt that nothing serious had taken place and that the explosion was just a rumor.

10036: 6849:. Series: Black and White Photographs of U.S. Air Force and Predecessors' Activities, Facilities, and Personnel, Domestic and Foreign, 1900–2003. National Archives and Records Administration. 25 July 1945 1951:

decided against a demonstration bomb and against a special leaflet warning. Those decisions were implemented because of the uncertainty of a successful detonation and also because of the wish to maximize

927:

killed 90,000 to 166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000 to 80,000 people in Nagasaki; roughly half occurred on the first day. For months afterward, many people continued to die from the effects of burns,

6649: 3871:, to notify the Allies that Japan would accept their terms on one condition, that the declaration "does not comprise any demand which prejudices the prerogatives of His Majesty as a Sovereign ruler." 3076:

small railway stops within 16 km (10 mi) of the city came unofficial and confused reports of a terrible explosion in Hiroshima. All these reports were transmitted to the headquarters of the

3219:

and other atomic physicists arrived at the city, and carefully examined the damage. They then went back to Tokyo and told the cabinet that Hiroshima was indeed destroyed by a nuclear weapon. Admiral

2868: 2856: 4092:. The documentary included images from hospitals, burned-out buildings and cars, and rows of skulls and bones on the ground. It was classified "secret" for the next 22 years. Motion picture company 4266: 3959: 3536:, proceeded to Kokura, thirty minutes away. The delay at the rendezvous had resulted in clouds and drifting smoke over Kokura from fires started by a major firebombing raid by 224 B-29s on nearby 7416: 5217:

ready for production. There were also many improvements to their performance that had been suggested or recommended, but that had not been possible under the pressure of wartime development. The

4577:

26 weeks "were observed to be mentally retarded", with the condition therefore being isolated to those solely of 8–26 weeks of age and who absorbed more than approximately "0.09" to "0.15" Gy of

3508:

failed to make the rendezvous. According to Cheshire, Hopkins was at varying heights including 2,700 meters (9,000 ft) higher than he should have been, and was not flying tight circles over

4189:

said "I think it's dreadful of the Americans to have done it. I think it is madness on their part", but Heisenberg replied, "One could equally well say 'That's the quickest way of ending the war

4157: 1940: 9141: 4466:

While the National Academy of Sciences raised the possibility that Neel's procedure did not filter the Kure population for possible radiation exposure which could bias the results, overall, a

1430:

also regularly struck targets in Japan during 1945 in preparation for Operation Downfall. Firebombing switched to smaller cities, with populations ranging from 60,000 to 350,000. According to

8264:"Sheryl P. Walter Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 20 Mar 2014 Sheryl P. Walter Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 20 Mar 2014" 5037: 3989:, a popular Japanese newspaper. After Japan's surrender and the arrival of American forces, copies of his photographs were seized amid the ensuing censorship, but some records have survived. 2668:

that moved quickly throughout the ruins, killing many who had been trapped, and causing people to jump into Hiroshima's rivers in search of sanctuary (many of whom drowned). The photographer

1376:

on the night of 9–10 March 1945, was the single deadliest air raid in history, with a greater area of fire damage and loss of life than either of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima or Nagasaki.

3267:

The city of Nagasaki had been one of the largest seaports in southern Japan, and was of great wartime importance because of its wide-ranging industrial activity, including the production of

2997:, who was only slightly wounded, took over the administration of the city, and coordinated relief efforts. Many of his staff had been killed or fatally wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel 2258:

At the time of its bombing, Hiroshima was a city of industrial and military significance. A number of military units were located nearby, the most important of which was the headquarters of

3882:

could not be preserved. Hirohito simply replied, "Of course." As the Allied terms seemed to leave intact the principle of the preservation of the Throne, Hirohito recorded on 14 August his

2545:

During the night of 5–6 August, Japanese early warning radar detected the approach of numerous American aircraft headed for the southern part of Japan. Radar detected 65 bombers headed for

16239: 3616:

and a major portion of the city was protected by the intervening hills. The resulting explosion released the equivalent energy of 21 ± 2 kt (87.9 ± 8.4 TJ).

4812:

as afforded to all Japanese survivors, a situation which resulted in the denial of free health benefits to them in Japan. Most issues were eventually addressed in 2008 through lawsuits.

3777:

Memorandum from Leslie Groves to George C. Marshall regarding the third bomb, with Marshall's hand-written caveat that the third bomb not be used without express presidential instruction

2880: 2046:

Additional bombs will be delivered on the above targets as soon as made ready by the project staff. Further instructions will be issued concerning targets other than those listed above.

8028: 7762: 5228:, decried the use of the atomic bombs as adopting "an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages", but in October 1947 he reported a military requirement for 400 bombs. 3685:, none of the 393d's B-29s had yet had names painted on the noses, a fact which Laurence himself noted in his account. Unaware of the switch in aircraft, Laurence assumed Victor 77 was 3122: 2804: 2611:, with only 1.7 percent of its material fissioning. The radius of total destruction was about 1.6 kilometers (1 mi), with resulting fires across 11 km (4.4 sq mi). 5231:

The American monopoly on nuclear weapons lasted four years before the Soviet Union detonated an atomic bomb in September 1949. The United States responded with the development of the

2273:. Hata's command consisted of some 400,000 men, most of whom were on Kyushu where an Allied invasion was correctly anticipated. Also present in Hiroshima were the headquarters of the 7257: 4853:

On January 27, 1981, the Atomic Bombing Relic Selecting Committee of Hiroshima announced to build commemorative plaques at nine historical sites related to the bombing in the year.

1463:

decided to resume attacks on Allied bombers from late June, by this time there were too few operational fighters available for this change of tactics to hinder the Allied air raids.

4746:

carry some hereditary or even contagious disease. This is despite the fact that no statistically demonstrable increase of birth defects/congenital malformations was found among the

1977: 4750:

children born to survivors of the nuclear weapons used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or has been found in the later conceived children of cancer survivors who had previously received

2904: 1459:

stockpiled for the invasion of Japan. About 72,000,000 litres (604,000 US bbl) had been consumed in the home islands area in April, May and June 1945. While the Japanese

1171:

made up of Australian, British and Canadian divisions. The target date was chosen to allow for Olympic to complete its objectives, for troops to be redeployed from Europe, and the

4965:

to provide legal protection against future development. These four sites, together with "ground zero" (the hypocenter of the atomic bomb explosion) were collectively designated a

26057: 3721:

Unlike Hiroshima's military death toll, only 150 Japanese soldiers were killed instantly, including 36 from the 134th AAA Regiment of the 4th AAA Division. At least eight Allied

24539: 17528: 15159: 4884: 1868:

was put on the target list in place of Kyoto. It was a major military port, one of Japan's largest shipbuilding and repair centers, and an important producer of naval ordnance.

2844: 18373: 1997:, which stipulated that nuclear weapons would not be used against another country without mutual consent. Stimson therefore had to obtain British permission. A meeting of the 10162:

Ivey, William D. (7 April 1996). Objectives and Success – Linking National Policy Objectives and Military Strategic Objectives to Achieve Success (Report). Fort Belvoir, VA.

9298: 2745: 12049: 4719:

who are known to have died since the bombings. Updated annually on the anniversaries of the bombings, as of August 2024, the memorials record the names of more than 540,000

15065: 10779:

Imamura, Y.; Nakane, Y.; Ohta, Y.; Kondo, H. (2007). "Lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia among individuals prenatally exposed to atomic bomb radiation in Nagasaki City".

18684: 16801: 16719: 11419: 4498:

examined Neel's research and confirmed that the number of birth defects was not significantly higher in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Many members of the ABCC and its successor

4336: 3933: 3841:. Kido informed him that the emperor had agreed to hold an imperial conference, and gave a strong indication that the emperor would consent to surrender on condition that 1640:'s Operations Division was not cleared to know any details of it. The first bombing was later codenamed Operation Centerboard I, and the second, Operation Centerboard II. 936: 7894: 7612: 5277:. Elayne Whyte Gómez, President of the UN negotiations, said, "the world has been waiting for this legal norm for 70 years". As of 2023, Japan has not signed the treaty. 3123: 20711: 18217: 16301: 9523: 4502:(RERF) were still looking for possible birth defects among the survivors decades later, but found no evidence that they were significantly common among the survivors or 20456: 10008: 20064: 4240: 2329:

Hiroshima was the primary target of the first atomic bombing mission on 6 August, with Kokura and Nagasaki as alternative targets. The 393rd Bombardment Squadron B-29

18851: 2302:

The population of Hiroshima had reached a peak of over 381,000 earlier in the war but prior to the atomic bombing, the population had steadily decreased because of a

2056:

of the world for the common welfare cannot drop that terrible bomb on the old capital or the new . He and I are in accord. The target will be a purely military one.

776:, respectively. The bombings killed between 150,000 and 246,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict. 26212: 23720: 22899: 22062: 20080: 18725: 18582: 17523: 5060: 940: 17743: 2816: 18779: 8231: 4600:

in both the SMR and cognitive performance data – is typical. The reported threshold dose variance between the two cities is suggested to be a manifestation of the

3893:

In his declaration's fifth paragraph, Hirohito solely mentions the duration of the conflict; and did not explicitly mention the Soviets as a factor for surrender:

20400: 3204:. Four hours later, word reached Tokyo of the Soviet Union's official declaration of war. The senior leadership of the Japanese Army began preparations to impose 1700:

but the passengers were not permitted to leave the dock area. An advance party of the air echelon, consisting of 29 officers and 61 enlisted men, flew by C-54 to

20003: 19975: 19119: 16924: 11746: 10043: 9324: 3520:. Instead, Hopkins was flying 64-kilometer (40 mi) dogleg patterns. Though ordered not to circle longer than fifteen minutes, Sweeney continued to wait for 2986:

Headquarters (some 100 kilometers (62 mi) away) that "Hiroshima has been attacked by a new type of bomb. The city is in a state of near-total destruction."

6659: 26031: 26026: 26021: 26016: 23582: 23401: 22041: 20720: 20407: 19541: 10823: 9865: 677: 4872:

all unveiled plaques with historical photographs and descriptions. The rest sites planned including Hondō Shopping Street, Motomachi No.2 Army Hospital site,

4165:

Life among the rubble in Hiroshima in March and April 1946. Film footage taken by Lieutenant Daniel A. McGovern (director) and Harry Mimura (cameraman) for a

25999: 24023: 21023: 20386: 19695: 19320: 18603: 15286: 11929: 4895: 4878: 4808:. About 5,000–8,000 Koreans were killed in Hiroshima and 1,500–2,000 in Nagasaki. Korean survivors had a difficult time fighting for the same recognition as 2303: 11854: 8965: 8678: 4197:

observed that even if it had, "we would have obliterated London but would still not have conquered the world, and then they would have dropped them on us".

3656:

made a swerving 90-degree turn at the end of the runway to avoid running off it. A second engine died from fuel exhaustion before the plane came to a stop.

3476:

instrumentation and photographic support of the mission. Sweeney took off with his weapon already armed but with the electrical safety plugs still engaged.

20036: 19982: 19168: 17758: 16954: 16461: 14474: 11284: 5162:, which address the codes of wartime conduct on land and at sea, were adopted before the rise of air power. Despite repeated diplomatic attempts to update 5105:. James Orr wrote that this idea became the accepted position in Japan and that it may have played some part in the decision-making of the US government. 11254: 8660: 8021:"U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers" 4929:

can be seen in the center left of the image, the Motoyasu Bridge can be seen in the right of the image. The original target for the bomb was the T-shaped

2828: 24532: 23746: 23736: 20493: 19989: 19605: 18095: 17706: 17412: 9436: 9138:"U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers" 8486:"U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers" 7759:"U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers" 5130:

The immediate scale of destruction caused by the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima was no greater than that of previous US conventional bombings of Japan.

592: 15310: 1934:

Various leaflets were dropped on Japan listing cities targeted for destruction by firebombing. The other side stated that other cities may be attacked.

1596:

The "Tinian Joint Chiefs": Captain William S. Parsons (left), Rear Admiral William R. Purnell (center), and Brigadier General Thomas F. Farrell (right)

26177: 23542: 23389: 19015: 18762: 15435: 13657: 10669:

Hunter, N.; Charles, M. W. (2002). "The impact of possible modifications to the DS86 dosimetry on neutron risk and relative biological effectiveness".

8778: 5568: 5251: 5170:, it was not updated before World War II. The absence of specific international humanitarian law did not mean aerial warfare was not covered under the 4310:

report discusses 6,882 people examined in Hiroshima and 6,621 people examined in Nagasaki, who were largely within 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) of the

3578:

dropped instruments attached to three parachutes. These instruments also contained an unsigned letter to Professor Ryokichi Sagane, a physicist at the

1500:

would develop atomic weapons first, especially among scientists who were refugees from Nazi Germany and other fascist countries, were expressed in the

1422:

that month provided airfields even closer to the Japanese mainland, allowing the bombing campaign to be further escalated. Aircraft flying from Allied

15276: 7088: 5235:, a thousand times as powerful as the bombs that devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Such ordinary fission bombs would henceforth be regarded as small 1579:, but it lacked the human, mineral, and financial resources of the Manhattan Project, and never made much progress towards developing an atomic bomb. 1196:

made this invasion plan obvious to the Japanese; they were able to predict the Allied invasion plans accurately and thus adjust their defensive plan,

24934: 24460: 20379: 19826: 19702: 8192: 6873:. File Unit: Ross, Mr. And MRS. Charles G. [Truman's Potsdam diary], 1945–1953. Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum. 25 July 1945 5015:. The school building and facilities were destroyed by the atomic bomb. Over 850 people, including faculty, staff, students, and nurses, were killed. 4862: 4303:

the blasts themselves. Nearly all of the remainder of victims died within two to four months, due to radiation exposure and resulting complications.

4011: 1675: 264: 11907: 11054: 4483:

was observed upon birth, with the incidence of these two particular malformations being nearly 3 times what was to be expected when compared to the

3902:

The sixth paragraph by Hirohito specifically mentions the use of nuclear ordnance devices, from the aspect of the unprecedented damage they caused:

1403:, the aim of the air offensive against Japan was to destroy the enemy's war industries, kill or disable civilian employees of these industries, and 23942: 23567: 23516: 19679: 19059: 17558: 14704:

Yamada, Michiko; Izumi, Shizue (2002). "Psychiatric Sequelae in Atomic Bomb Survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Two Decades After the Explosions".

4889: 4626: 4558:, with the risk then linearly increasing to a 43-percent rate of SMR when exposed to a fetal dose of 1 Gy at any point during these weeks of rapid 4094: 4032:

newspaper in London on 5 September 1945. The reports from Nakashima and Burchett informed the public for the first time of the gruesome effects of

3316:

B-29 and a post war Mk III nuclear weapon painted to resemble the Fat Man bomb, at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio

2148:

were sent to Tinian, but found that LeMay would not let them accompany the mission. All they could do was send a strongly worded signal to Wilson.

1913:

met on 21 June to re-examine its earlier conclusions; but it reaffirmed that there was no alternative to the use of the bomb on a military target.

1844: 125: 94: 18748: 13491:

Kerr, George D.; Young, Robert W.; Cullings, Harry M.; Christy, Robert F. (2005). "Bomb Parameters". In Young, Robert W.; Kerr, George D. (eds.).

9023: 23577: 23395: 23290: 22828: 20116: 19428: 18202: 17748: 16488: 15345: 15290: 11605: 8332: 8024: 4077:

story was published, Lawrence also backtracked and dismissed the reports on radiation sickness as Japanese efforts to undermine American morale.

932:, and other injuries, compounded by illness and malnutrition. Though Hiroshima had a sizable military garrison, most of the dead were civilians. 17738: 11393: 3590:. The messages were found by military authorities but not turned over to Sagane until a month later. In 1949, one of the authors of the letter, 3185:, which continued to extoll victory for Japan by never surrendering had informed the Japanese of the destruction of Hiroshima by a single bomb. 3158:

After the Hiroshima bombing, Truman issued a statement announcing the use of the new weapon. He stated, "We may be grateful to Providence" that

24525: 23712: 22291: 19935: 19237: 18758: 18283: 18278: 4834:. Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall, the closest surviving building to the location of the bomb's detonation, was designated the 1504:

to Roosevelt in 1939. This prompted preliminary research in the United States in late 1939. Progress was slow until the arrival of the British

1182: 1093:

As the Allies advanced towards Japan, conditions became steadily worse for the Japanese people. Japan's merchant fleet declined from 5,250,000

648: 25601: 21934: 18753: 13492: 11747:"Shimoda case (Compensation claim against Japan brought by the residents of Hiroshmina & Nagasaki), Tokyo District Court, 7 December 1963" 11595:, p. 698 "The bombs were authorized not because the Japanese refused to surrender but because they refused to surrender unconditionally." 6330: 6160: 4231:). During this time in America, it was a common practice for editors to keep graphic images of death out of films, magazines, and newspapers. 1230:, estimated that Downfall would result in 132,500 to 220,000 U.S. casualties, with U.S. dead and missing in the range from 27,500 to 50,000. 437: 23699: 20727: 20690: 20667: 20188: 19110: 19080: 18233: 17924: 17921: 16254: 5133:

Japan chose to surrender in the hope that the Soviet Union would protect itself from Allied pressure to accept responsibility for war crimes.

2690:(RERF) estimates a city population of 340,000 to 350,000 at the time of the bombing, of which 90,000 to 166,000 died by the end of the year. 20442: 9976:

Medical Effects Of Atomic Bombs The Report Of The Joint Commission For The Investigation Of The Effects Of The Atomic Bomb In Japan Volume 1

8995: 6741: 3707:(RERF) estimates a city population of 250,000 to 270,000 at the time of the bombing, of which 60,000 to 80,000 died by the end of the year. 1880:

was created by Stimson at the urging of leaders of the Manhattan Project and with the approval of Truman to advise on matters pertaining to

24829: 23607: 23547: 23446: 23193: 23121: 23022: 22933: 22909: 22815: 22696: 22612: 22535: 22483: 22403: 20820: 20676: 20660: 20632: 19880: 19087: 18590: 18327: 17639: 17628: 17430: 11332:"Korean Hibakusha, Japan's Supreme Court and the International Community: Can the U.S. and Japan Confront Forced Labor and Atomic Bombing?" 8267: 7249: 5274: 2573:. It read: "Cloud cover less than 3/10th at all altitudes. Advice: bomb primary." The all-clear was sounded over Hiroshima again at 07:09. 1524:. Consequently, the work was accelerated, first as a pilot program, and finally in the agreement by Roosevelt to turn the work over to the 1256:

Marshall began contemplating the use of a weapon that was "readily available and which assuredly can decrease the cost in American lives":

18810: 8328: 26052: 25285: 24378: 23726: 23488: 23303: 21577: 20644: 20556: 20500: 20463: 19745: 18737: 17684: 17563: 16944: 16875: 15819: 15681: 14590:(2020). "The Kyoto Misconception: What Truman Knew, and Didn't Know, About Hiroshima". In Gordin, Michael D.; Ikenberry, G. John (eds.). 12158:

Asada, Sadao (1996). "The Shock of the Atomic Bomb and Japan's Decision to Surrender: A Reconsideration". In Maddox, Robert James (ed.).

9798: 3077: 660: 18837: 9489:"The Bombing of Nagasaki After Yosuke Yamahata: A collection of 24 photographs taken the day after the bombing, [Japan] 1945–46" 25184: 25039: 24844: 24069: 24015: 23979: 23552: 22941: 20549: 19281: 18308: 18066: 17679: 17659: 10933: 7818: 6134: 5295: 5140:

Blaming the failure on the atomic bomb would help the Emperor protect his prestige and honor as well as attract international sympathy.

2973:, barely 820 meters (900 yd) from the hypocenter. The attack killed 3,243 troops on the parade ground. The communications room of 2014:

scientific details would be revealed in the press announcement of the bombing. The meeting also considered what Truman could reveal to

509: 359: 24564: 18820: 11224: 4354:

to conduct investigations of the late effects of radiation among the survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In 1956, the ABCC published

3754:

naval hospital reached the city in the evening, and fire-fighting brigades from the neighboring towns assisted in fighting the fires.

2789: 26202: 25849: 23625: 23562: 23557: 23510: 22471: 22431: 20683: 19073: 19031: 18830: 17947: 17860: 17596: 16888: 16770: 16398: 8935: 4922: 3773: 3628: 1075: 15625: 11033:

Health risk assessment from the nuclear accident after the 2011 Great East Japan and Tsunami, based on a preliminary dose estimation

10720:

Maruyama, T.; Kumamoto, Y.; Noda, Y. (January 1988). "Reassessment of gamma doses from the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki".

9974:

Oughterson, A. W.; LeRoy, G. V.; Liebow, A. A.; Hammond, E. C.; Barnett, H. L.; Rosenbaum, J. D.; Schneider, B. A. (19 April 1951).

935:

Scholars have extensively studied the effects of the bombings on the social and political character of subsequent world history and

25044: 23984: 23896: 23882: 23741: 23692: 23645: 23640: 23587: 23537: 23482: 22985: 22850: 22662: 21904: 19723: 19497: 19260: 19126: 18937: 18825: 18303: 18298: 18089: 17711: 16671: 16661: 12133:. The United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. 11751: 5153: 4015: 3659:

Following the mission, there was confusion over the identification of the plane. The first eyewitness account by war correspondent

3201: 1200:, accordingly. The Japanese planned an all-out defense of Kyūshū, with little left in reserve. In all, there were 2.3 million 912: 548: 473: 400: 24989: 24919: 24713: 18733: 12057: 9302: 4327:) was approximately halved; that is, smaller doses were made more lethal when the individual experienced concurrent blast or burn 24368: 24028: 23974: 23572: 23531: 23502: 23074: 20799: 20596: 19633: 19133: 19045: 18981: 17955: 17846: 17716: 17617: 7540: 6211: 5803: 4711:, a Japanese word that translates to "explosion-affected people". The Japanese government has recognized about 650,000 people as 4362:(RERF) on 1 April 1975. A binational organization run by both the United States and Japan, the RERF is still in operation today. 4351: 4200:

Hahn told the others, "Once I wanted to suggest that all uranium should be sunk to the bottom of the ocean". The Vatican agreed;

3175: 2282: 2010: 1847:, was incorrectly said to have prevented the bombing of Kyoto. In his autobiography, Reischauer specifically refuted this claim: 16466: 15634: 11423: 11155: 9961:"Latest Knowledge on Radiological Effects: Radiation Health Effects of Atomic Bomb Explosions and Nuclear Power Plant Accidents" 4782:), nine of whom claimed to be in the blast zone in both cities. On 24 March 2009, the Japanese government officially recognized 26207: 24814: 24779: 24764: 23635: 23474: 23459: 23384: 23367: 21002: 20514: 19364: 18902: 18415: 18243: 18061: 18008: 17819: 17672: 17476: 17450: 13165:. A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. 7902: 7621: 6472: 4446:

One of the early studies conducted by the ABCC was on the outcome of pregnancies occurring in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and in a

4081: 3838: 2682: 1349:

would better serve as B-29 bases, but they were in Japanese hands. Strategies were shifted to accommodate the air war, and the

25054: 7509: 25819: 24969: 24884: 24879: 24548: 24496: 24064: 23961: 23869: 23614: 23496: 23453: 23318: 22286: 22281: 22268: 21598: 21503: 21030: 20776: 20651: 19737: 19711: 19568: 19274: 19191: 17667: 17420: 15169: 15145: 15124: 15054: 15010: 14991: 14947: 14919: 14889: 14867: 14848: 14829: 14807: 14761: 14638: 14604: 14499: 14396: 14369: 14342: 14320: 14290: 14271: 14244: 14217: 14150: 14116: 14089: 14062: 14043: 13994: 13926: 13868: 13739: 13699: 13635: 13596: 13548: 13481: 13417: 13381: 13362: 13333: 13289: 13258: 13220: 13170: 13111: 13092: 13060: 13001: 12974: 12924: 12861: 12842: 12823: 12801: 12774: 12744: 12713: 12684: 12654: 12570: 12494: 12467: 12448: 12421: 12390: 12364: 12345: 12326: 12307: 12197: 12167: 12128: 11730: 11676: 11048: 10492: 10340: 10320: 10251: 10198: 10019: 8576: 8083: 7956: 7178: 5305: 5218: 4499: 4395: 4359: 4099: 3920:

In his "Rescript to the Soldiers and Sailors" delivered on 17 August, Hirohito did not refer to the atomic bombs or possible

3704: 2687: 2278: 1525: 1400: 1353:

between June and August 1944. Air bases were developed, and B-29 operations commenced from the Marianas in October 1944. The

407: 320: 286: 257: 23406: 15248: 14416:"Atmospheric Effects and Societal Consequences of Regional Scale Nuclear Conflicts and Acts of Individual Nuclear Terrorism" 13395:. The United States Army in World War II: Special Studies. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. 11632: 9462: 7785:"Statements by China and the United States of America during the Inscription of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome)" 7327: 4585:

weeks and greater than 26 after conception, "there is no evidence of a radiation-related effect on scholastic performance."

4454:, located 29 km (18 mi) south of Hiroshima, to discern the conditions and outcomes related to radiation exposure. 3010: 2938:

of the bomb that formed at c. 08:16. However, due to its much greater height, the scene was identified in March 2016 as the

1302: 25908: 25866: 25759: 25754: 25739: 25544: 25332: 25024: 24994: 24974: 24889: 24804: 24733: 23280: 22193: 21831: 21238: 21124: 20289: 19756: 19752: 19730: 19334: 18270: 17248: 17004: 16880: 16780: 16765: 16676: 16636: 7925: 5243:

had 40,159. In early 2019, more than 90% of the world's 13,865 nuclear weapons were owned by the United States and Russia.

5143:

Blaming the failure on the atomic bomb would help the United States be satisfied and treat Japan with a favorable attitude.

4962: 2835: 2757: 1209: 1051: 563: 521: 354: 24929: 11783:

Falk, Richard A. (October 1965). "The Shimoda Case: A Legal Appraisal of the Atomic Attacks Upon Hiroshima and Nagasaki".

10960: 10651: 4278:

scars. Survivors were asked to stand in the orientation they were in at the time of the flash, to document and convey the

3327:

as the drop airplane. Assembly F-33 was expended testing the components and F-31 was designated for the 9 August mission.

3137:

President Truman talks about the bombing of Hiroshima, which he describes as "a military base", after his return from the

3030:

were falsely reported by Japanese authorities as having been killed in the atomic blast as part of an attempted cover up.

26182: 25844: 25824: 25583: 25549: 25139: 25099: 24949: 24754: 24708: 24486: 23903: 23653: 23206: 23146: 22736: 22250: 21746: 21210: 20542: 20528: 19741: 18447: 18293: 18288: 18207: 17996: 17836: 17801: 17631: 17548: 17543: 17263: 16760: 14657: 7792: 7389: 6413: 5247: 4515: 3864: 3699:

Although the bomb was more powerful than the one used on Hiroshima, its effects were confined by hillsides to the narrow

3193: 2285:, a recently formed mobile unit. The city was defended by five batteries of 70 mm and 80 mm (2.8 and 3.1 inch) 665: 330: 17: 8241: 7998: 7301: 3725:(POWs) died from the bombing, and as many as thirteen may have died. The eight confirmed deaths included a British POW, 2949: 2733: 2091:

On 28 July, Japanese papers reported that the declaration had been rejected by the Japanese government. That afternoon,

26047: 25966: 25804: 25659: 25250: 25224: 25204: 25174: 25169: 25144: 25114: 25094: 24924: 24874: 24864: 24834: 24819: 24698: 24635: 24481: 23968: 23731: 23592: 23524: 23464: 23258: 22761: 22751: 22667: 21955: 21824: 21702: 21280: 20995: 20946: 20704: 20259: 19511: 19350: 19198: 19052: 18692: 18598: 18260: 17890: 17115: 17110: 17009: 16949: 16740: 16730: 16421: 11182: 10848: 7843: 7544: 5270:. In the decades after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the United States would threaten many times to use its nuclear weapons. 5159: 4406:

study continues with time, the RERF estimates that, from 1950 to 2000, 46 percent of leukemia deaths which may include

3583: 1451: 1447: 1395:

against Japanese cities were the only way to destroy their production capabilities, shifting from precision bombing to

1350: 325: 25774: 14858:

The Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1981).

14788: 5750: 4475:

at the time of the bombing and who were all within about 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) of the hypocenter, an increase in

3924:, and instead described the Soviet declaration of war as "endangering the very foundation of the Empire's existence." 2608: 2122:), assumption by the Imperial Headquarters of responsibility for disarmament and demobilization, no occupation of the 1670:

The ground support echelon of the 509th Composite Group moved by rail on 26 April 1945, to its port of embarkation at

1178: 26167: 25799: 25734: 25619: 25613: 25571: 25311: 25159: 25079: 24964: 24909: 24784: 24769: 23630: 23620: 23156: 22793: 22630: 22213: 22071: 20953: 20925: 20742: 20324: 20043: 20010: 18697: 18248: 17851: 16431: 16426: 15699: 13958: 13769: 10247: 9758: 9666: 5072:

However, critics of the bombings have asserted that atomic weapons are fundamentally immoral, that the bombings were

3799:, and Marshall suggested to Stimson that the remaining cities on the target list be spared attack with atomic bombs. 3308: 2930: 1939:

psychological impact of bombing, and reduce the international stigma of area-bombing cities. Even with the warnings,

1705: 1327: 1090:

in April to June 1945, 94 percent were killed; 7,401 Japanese soldiers surrendered, an unprecedentedly large number.

19226: 14591: 9440: 7582: 4524:

exposed at the time of the bombings, that were both within a close proximity to the two hypocenters, to survive the

3669:, who accompanied the mission aboard the aircraft piloted by Bock, reported that Sweeney was leading the mission in 3608:, to visually sight the target as ordered. The Fat Man weapon, containing a core of about 5 kg (11 lb) of 3026:, where they were stoned to death. Eight U.S. prisoners of war killed as part of the medical experiments program at 1532:. This work was consolidated within the newly created Manhattan Engineer District, which became better known as the 26172: 25833: 25729: 25607: 25363: 25353: 25234: 25214: 25164: 25154: 25129: 25034: 24939: 24869: 24718: 24630: 24594: 23929: 23183: 23012: 22845: 22805: 22684: 22218: 22108: 21266: 21203: 20338: 20174: 19297: 18643: 18573: 17455: 17440: 17435: 17145: 16904: 16837: 16626: 16446: 16441: 15294: 9841:"Transcript of Surreptitiously Taped Conversations among German Nuclear Physicists at Farm Hall (August 6–7, 1945)" 4331:

injuries. Conventional skin injuries that cover a large area frequently result in bacterial infection; the risk of

4055: 3833:

decision having been reached. Suzuki went to the palace to report on the outcome of the meeting, where he met with

1718:

of the Military Policy Committee, who were on hand to decide higher policy matters on the spot. Along with Captain

820: 789: 250: 19851: 14550:

Walker, J. Samuel (April 2005). "Recent Literature on Truman's Atomic Bomb Decision: A Search for Middle Ground".

11925: 6846:

Letter received from General Thomas Handy to General Carl Spaatz authorizing the dropping of the first atomic bomb

5101:

in 1965, is that the United States used nuclear weapons to intimidate the Soviet Union in the early stages of the

4186: 25769: 25749: 25577: 25194: 25179: 24130: 23864: 23820: 23216: 22714: 22570: 21632: 21473: 21462: 21298: 21057: 21016: 20909: 20847: 20234: 19504: 19373: 19341: 18669: 18638: 18343: 18172: 18101: 17701: 17696: 17691: 17138: 15674: 13352: 13133:. A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. 9328: 8973: 8686: 7898: 7276: 6161:"History of 509th Composite Group – 313th Bombardment Wing – Twentieth Air Force – Activation to August 15, 1945" 6081: 5776: 5048:

Panoramic view of the monument marking the hypocenter, or ground zero, of the atomic bomb explosion over Nagasaki

4839: 4343: 4307: 3851:

Calling an imperial conference required the signatures of the prime minister and the two service chiefs, but the

2922:

Elder sister and younger brother who suffered radiation disease. The brother died in 1949 and the sister in 1965.

2259: 1637: 1576: 575: 20021: 19589: 13157: 12885:. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Defense and the Energy Research and Development Administration. 11280: 6331:"History of 509th Composite Group – 313th Bombardment Wing – Twentieth Air Force – Activation to 15 August 1945" 25978: 25029: 23600: 23469: 23236: 22018: 21990: 21868: 21661: 20898: 20349: 20275: 20071: 19442: 19161: 19066: 18951: 18633: 18618: 18076: 17941: 17929: 17620: 17518: 17160: 16861: 16631: 16436: 11489: 11258: 9562: 7740: 5163: 4551: 3979:, correspondent Higashi, and artist Yamada arrived in the city with instructions to record the destruction for 3548:, who was monitoring Japanese communications, reported activity on the Japanese fighter direction radio bands. 2006: 1857: 1249:

stated that "there was reason to believe" casualties for the first 30 days would not exceed the price paid for

1231: 886: 824: 502: 492: 6244:"The Nagasaki atomic bomb damage records, Part 2 Section 1 Chapter 1: Period leading up to the atomic bombing" 5119:

The fact that Japan announced its surrender after the United States bombed it was actually just a coincidence.

4546:

dose for SMR, at the most radiosensitive period of cognitive development, when there is the largest number of

2993:

had been killed while eating breakfast with his son and granddaughter at the mayoral residence, Field Marshal

1047:

At the same time, the public was becoming war-weary, and demanding that long-serving servicemen be sent home.

26192: 26062: 25859: 24651: 24315: 23924: 23909: 23844: 23834: 23805: 23795: 23333: 22078: 22011: 21962: 21893: 21718: 21224: 21175: 20939: 20932: 20535: 20296: 20087: 19140: 18743: 18702: 18659: 18423: 18160: 17831: 17651: 17589: 17445: 16870: 16785: 16775: 16391: 15314: 13948: 8720: 5222: 4831: 4630: 3898:

necessarily to Japan's advantage, while the general trends of the world have all turned against her interest.

3498:

This time Penney and Cheshire were allowed to accompany the mission, flying as observers on the third plane,

3159: 1565: 1388: 1381: 1280:

from stockpiles in Australia and New Guinea in preparation for Operation Olympic, and MacArthur ensured that

924: 862: 854: 692: 417: 17723: 15439: 13671: 13019:

Grunden, Walter E. (1998). "Hungnam and the Japanese atomic bomb: Recent Historiography of a Postwar Myth".

11658: 10336: 8789: 8263: 7614:

Radiation Dose Reconstruction U.S. Occupation Forces in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, 1945–1946 (DNA 5512F)

1944:

Japanese prisoners of war because they were thought to be the best choice "to appeal to their compatriots".

26197: 25532: 25270: 23914: 23888: 23874: 23849: 23839: 23790: 23706: 23313: 22823: 22597: 22491: 22276: 22202: 22152: 22048: 21423: 21384: 20303: 20138: 20123: 20050: 20029: 19847: 19525: 19311: 19304: 19288: 18999: 18958: 18930: 18320: 18020: 17733: 17425: 17296: 16750: 16691: 16681: 16306: 15644: 11671: 10905:"Nagasaki Mayor: Nuclear Weapons 'Threat to Humankind';G7 Ambassadors Absent from A-Bomb Memorial Ceremony" 10081: 9873: 7092: 6627: 5191:. The District Court of Tokyo ruled the use of nuclear weapons in warfare was not illegal, but held in its 5187: 4900: 4472: 4347: 4244: 2215: 2172: 2171:, and arrived on Tinian on 26 July. The target insert followed by air on 30 July, accompanied by Commander 2158: 1806:

The target was larger than 4.8 km (3 mi) in diameter and was an important target in a large city.

1794:, an urban center for aircraft manufacture, machine tools, docks, electrical equipment and oil refineries; 1760: 1712: 1055: 785: 732: 442: 347: 298: 15066:"The Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Atom Bomb, the American Military Mind and the End of the Second World War" 8111: 4122:, in its first issue published on 10 March 1946, devoted itself to detailing the damage from the bombing. 3717:

photographed this child incinerated in Nagasaki. American forces censored such images in Japan until 1952.

3005:

who was serving as a General Staff Officer. Hata's senior surviving staff officer was the wounded Colonel

1226:

intelligence. On 15 June 1945, a study by the Joint War Plans Committee, drawing on the experience of the

26187: 25903: 25290: 25280: 24656: 24344: 24240: 23810: 23079: 22456: 22421: 22115: 21439: 21391: 21009: 20981: 20834: 20449: 20428: 19949: 19612: 19518: 19008: 18608: 18363: 18107: 17934: 17865: 17100: 16919: 16790: 16274: 11850: 11445: 11079:

Winther, J. F.; Boice, J. D.; Thomsen, B. L.; Schull, W. J.; Stovall, M.; Olsen, J. H. (1 January 2003).

11031: 6654: 5179: 5044: 4945: 4565:

However either side of this radiosensitive age, none of the prenatally exposed to the bombings at an age

3587: 2966: 2266: 1501: 793: 597: 15278:

Order from General Thomas Handy to General Carl Spaatz authorizing the dropping of the first atomic bomb

12017: 10904: 9895: 7646: 4206:

expressed regret that the bomb's inventors did not destroy the weapon for the benefit of humanity. Rev.

4193:". Hahn was grateful that the German project had not succeeded in developing "such an inhumane weapon"; 3874:

On 12 August, the Emperor informed the imperial family of his decision to surrender. One of his uncles,

3559:

headed for their secondary target, Nagasaki. Fuel consumption calculations made en route indicated that

2622:... the men aboard with me gasped 'My God'." He and Tibbets compared the shockwave to "a close burst of 26108: 25654: 25537: 23934: 23919: 23784: 23298: 22640: 22416: 22386: 22351: 21913: 21409: 21328: 21273: 21161: 21117: 20767: 20393: 20317: 20219: 20096: 19968: 19961: 19921: 19894: 19626: 19559: 19154: 18965: 18895: 18613: 18197: 17990: 17387: 17356: 16367: 15667: 15528: 15517: 15506: 13309:

The Epicenters of the Atomic Bombs. Reevaluation of All Available Physical Data With Recommended Values

9567: 9528: 9033: 6810: 5175: 4447: 3993: 3677:. Laurence had interviewed Sweeney and his crew, and was aware that they referred to their airplane as 3115: 1497: 1208:

of 28 million. Casualty predictions varied widely, but were extremely high. The Vice Chief of the

687: 516: 487: 371: 24859: 13662:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. 7. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 13494:

Reassessment of the Atomic Bomb Radiation Dosimetry for Hiroshima and Nagasaki – Dosimetry System 2002

4805: 4181:. Hahn stated that he had not believed an atomic weapon "would be possible for another twenty years"; 3568: 26134: 24774: 24424: 24409: 24399: 24358: 24280: 24245: 23815: 22882: 22709: 22679: 22448: 21815: 21732: 21517: 21377: 21349: 21182: 21087: 20877: 20310: 19384: 19038: 18864: 18485: 18378: 18238: 18083: 18042: 18037: 18032: 18003: 17346: 17341: 17268: 17223: 17014: 16701: 16249: 16244: 15420: 13540: 11397: 11040: 9351: 4535: 4387: 4314:, who suffered injuries from the blast and heat but died from complications frequently compounded by 4279: 2490: 2355: 1998: 1649: 1312: 1160: 1067: 870: 587: 19582: 17203: 16493: 15179:

Ward, Wilson (Spring 2007). "The Winning Weapon? Rethinking Nuclear Weapons in Light of Hiroshima".

12218:(Spring 1991). "Eclipsed by Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Early Thinking about Tactical Nuclear Weapons". 12050:"Nagasaki marks 75th A-bomb anniversary with call for Japan to sign nuke ban as new arms race looms" 11855:"Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" "An ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages"" 7814: 1556:, where bomb design work was carried out. Two different types of bombs were eventually developed: a 25358: 24429: 24404: 24320: 24225: 24185: 23777: 23323: 23166: 23151: 23052: 23000: 22958: 22946: 22783: 22585: 22186: 21554: 21531: 20783: 20584: 20577: 20241: 19901: 19873: 19866: 19253: 18539: 18395: 18134: 18118: 17960: 17582: 17460: 17243: 17185: 17133: 16755: 16583: 16384: 16331: 15864: 15723: 13509: 9729: 7995:

transcript from the video Hiroshima Witness produced by the Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

7417:"Rare Photo of the Mushroom Cloud Over Hiroshima Discovered in a Former Japanese Elementary School" 6341: 6167: 5236: 4854: 4835: 4799: 4491: 4467: 4374: 4370: 4315: 4166: 3371: 2810:

22-year old victim Toyoko Kugata being treated at the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital (6 October 1945)

2764: 2695: 2274: 2165: 1719: 1708: 1404: 1281: 1205: 1164: 1156: 1136: 752: 533: 393: 25219: 25049: 22860: 19598: 19575: 9604: 8614: 3321:

F-33 on their exteriors. On 8 August, a dress rehearsal was conducted off Tinian by Sweeney using

3271:, ships, military equipment, and other war materials. The four largest companies in the city were 2618:

saw", Tibbets told reporters, while Parsons said "the whole thing was tremendous and awe-inspiring

25984: 25189: 25104: 24666: 24419: 24414: 24394: 24285: 24275: 24270: 24250: 23800: 23328: 22645: 22590: 22391: 21976: 21920: 21790: 21650: 21335: 20988: 20884: 20790: 20358: 20226: 20196: 20160: 20145: 20017: 19909: 19887: 19833: 19819: 19801: 19465: 19246: 18974: 18923: 18353: 18144: 18071: 17979: 17856: 17283: 17155: 17085: 16894: 16646: 16573: 16326: 16223: 15778: 14468: 14330: 13125: 10277: 9109: 8157: 6747: 5199: 4202: 3852: 3807: 2322: 2207: 2092: 1798:, a port with industrial facilities including steel and aluminum plants and an oil refinery; and 1609: 1605: 1557: 1431: 905: 882: 843: 781: 718: 538: 22336: 14168:

Sharp, Patrick B. (2000). "From Yellow Peril to Japanese Wasteland: John Hersey's 'Hiroshima'".

4638:

measurements which began to reach accurate levels and thereby inform researchers, in the 1990s.

4006: 2037:, the acting chief of staff, since Marshall was at the Potsdam Conference with Truman. It read: 1922:

August, and they cost billions of dollars, so using one for a demonstration would be expensive.

1790:, an embarkation port and industrial center that was the site of a major military headquarters; 1410:

Over the next six months, the XXI Bomber Command under LeMay firebombed 64 Japanese cities. The

26162: 26076: 25950: 25945: 25682: 24569: 24450: 24434: 24373: 24200: 24115: 24059: 23343: 23275: 23211: 23139: 22904: 22657: 22602: 22513: 22436: 22341: 22326: 21668: 21561: 21363: 21314: 21217: 21110: 21080: 20863: 20751: 20477: 20268: 19859: 19840: 19810: 19357: 19327: 18784: 18015: 17909: 17233: 16995: 16959: 16935: 16832: 16817: 16666: 16578: 16105: 15773: 15768: 15763: 15738: 15003:

The 509th Remembered: A History of the 509th Composite Group as Told by the Veterans Themselves

9960: 8370: 8336: 6746:[Air Raid Notice] (in Japanese). 岐阜新聞社 (Gifu Shinbunsha (Open Library)). Archived from 4847: 4601: 3947: 3291: 2939: 2103: 1201: 1144: 1132: 1094: 1059: 1019: 893:

on 26 July 1945, the alternative being "prompt and utter destruction". The Japanese government

804: 582: 293: 24759: 9197: 9175: 7089:"U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 2157:

pre-assemblies (partly assembled bombs without the powder charge and fissile components) left

1667:, pneumatic actuators for rapid opening and closing of bomb bay doors and other improvements. 1656:

B-29s. These aircraft were specially adapted to carry nuclear weapons, and were equipped with

1189:

preparing the public for the invasion of Japan after the end of the war with Germany and Italy

26091: 25589: 25368: 24979: 24235: 24230: 24105: 23828: 23379: 23362: 23338: 23231: 23226: 23173: 22995: 22963: 22771: 22756: 22346: 22321: 22306: 22159: 21882: 21725: 21621: 21591: 21547: 21287: 21252: 21245: 21168: 21066: 20507: 20484: 20331: 19942: 19479: 19219: 19205: 18888: 18664: 18506: 18491: 18368: 17896: 17872: 17841: 17019: 16481: 16346: 16171: 15914: 15859: 15381: 15223:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army. pp. 831–922. 13690:

McNelly, Theodore H. (2000). "The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb". In Jacob Neufeld (ed.).

10516:

Mole, R. H. (1992). "ICRP and impairment of mental function following prenatal irradiation".

10141:

The Effect of Exposure to the Atomic Bombs on Pregnancy Termination in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

9840: 9086: 8865: 8300: 8298: 8296: 6243: 4770:

Perhaps as many as 200 people from Hiroshima sought refuge in Nagasaki. The 2006 documentary

4547: 4356:

The Effect of Exposure to the Atomic Bombs on Pregnancy Termination in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

4291: 4274:

Silent film footage taken in Hiroshima in March 1946 showing survivors with severe burns and

4098:

started sending cameramen to Nagasaki and Hiroshima in September 1945. On 24 October 1945, a

3943: 3875: 3449: 2430: 2391: 2286: 1953: 1834: 1704:

on Tinian, between 15 and 22 May. There were also two representatives from Washington, D.C.,

1601: 1545: 1537: 1124: 1063: 1043: 858: 737: 497: 340: 179: 25074: 24899: 24854: 19777: 14415: 13249:

Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945

12794:

Japanese Capitals in Historical Perspective: Place, Power and Memory in Kyoto, Edo and Tokyo

9975: 8679:"Steel mill worker reveals blocking view of U.S. aircraft on day of Nagasaki atomic bombing" 6138: 4539: 4323:

time but the average radiation dose that would kill approximately 50 percent of adults (the

26146: 25677: 25337: 25265: 25124: 25009: 24506: 24325: 24290: 24195: 24170: 23859: 23356: 23308: 23248: 23084: 23005: 22865: 22788: 22746: 22625: 22575: 22560: 22543: 22443: 22331: 22301: 21983: 21838: 21489: 21446: 21416: 21342: 21152: 21131: 20057: 19534: 19212: 18566: 18513: 18314: 18123: 18112: 17813: 17150: 16974: 16964: 16476: 16156: 16151: 16010: 15884: 14430: 12886: 12275: 11232: 10993: 10729: 10678: 10525: 10085: 3750:

the destruction to medical and administrative infrastructure would have been even greater.

3224: 3009:, who acted as his chief of staff. Soldiers from the undamaged Hiroshima Ujina Harbor used 2979: 2412: 2123: 1701: 1625: 1316: 1223: 1216: 1131:, the Allied invasion of Japan. The operation had two parts: set to begin in October 1945, 682: 670: 558: 364: 25316: 24799: 24723: 11225:"Twice Bombed, Twice Survived: Film Explores Untold Stories from Hiroshima & Nagasaki" 10278:"Long-term health effects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs not as dire as perceived" 9629: 8943: 8293: 1628:. Each bombardier completed at least 50 practice drops of inert or conventional explosive 1197: 8: 25814: 25708: 25275: 24959: 24839: 24310: 24260: 24215: 24205: 24190: 24180: 24165: 24145: 24120: 24110: 24100: 23854: 23674: 23664: 23106: 22855: 22548: 22466: 22461: 22411: 22311: 22179: 22101: 21875: 21753: 21709: 21231: 20365: 20131: 19658: 19488: 19472: 19421: 18403: 18167: 18150: 18139: 18129: 18055: 17985: 17807: 17782: 17382: 17329: 17302: 17292: 17238: 17228: 17213: 17090: 16914: 16593: 16588: 16471: 16015: 15970: 15930: 15753: 15622: 15488: 15475: 14266:. Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies Series. London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon. 13986: 11633:

https://archive.org/details/nhat-ban-trong-chien-tranh-thai-binh-duong/page/n145/mode/2up

6269: 4207: 4115: 4060: 4045: 3911:

The seventh paragraph gives the reason for the ending of hostilities against the Allies:

3887: 3868: 3827: 3660: 3591: 3579: 3197: 2983: 2715: 2295: 2080: 2066: 1840: 1802:, a major industrial center. The target selection was subject to the following criteria: 1419: 1222:

The Americans were alarmed by the Japanese buildup, which was accurately tracked through

890: 553: 427: 25089: 24984: 24944: 24904: 24517: 17165: 14860:

Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings

14434: 14414:

Toon, O. B.; Turco, R. P.; Robock, A.; Bardeen, C.; Oman, L.; Stenchikov, G. L. (2007).

13326:

Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings

12890: 12279: 10733: 10682: 10529: 10089: 3938: 3786:

paraphrased Truman as saying "there will be further dropping of the atomic bomb," while

3620:

spotted the explosion from 160 kilometers (100 mi) away, and flew over to observe.

2576:

At 08:09, Tibbets started his bomb run and handed control over to his bombardier, Major

25972: 25839: 25784: 25744: 25692: 25306: 24683: 24330: 24305: 24210: 24150: 24125: 24095: 24085: 23684: 23679: 23669: 23659: 23372: 23350: 22870: 22729: 22704: 22674: 22635: 22518: 22361: 22094: 21927: 21852: 21806: 21776: 21684: 21524: 21189: 21073: 20967: 20918: 20856: 20612: 20563: 20372: 19996: 19651: 19449: 18455: 18439: 18431: 18155: 17878: 17771: 17351: 17288: 17105: 17075: 16616: 16080: 15904: 15874: 15814: 15557: 15413: 15365: 15216: 15204: 15096: 14737: 14575: 14534: 14193: 14134: 14033: 13903: 13878:

Quester, George H. (September 1970). "Japan and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty".

13828: 13820: 13585: 13437:"Why Did Henry Stimson Spare Kyoto from the Bomb?: Confusion in Postwar Historiography" 13278: 13247: 13242: 13153: 13121: 12595: 12537: 12514: 12251: 12243: 12107: 11808: 11800: 11107: 11080: 10804: 10792: 10745: 10702: 10585: 10580: 10563: 10541: 10204: 8351: 7848: 6616: 5066: 4966: 4867: 4826: 4804:

During the war, Japan brought as many as 670,000 Korean conscripts to Japan to work as

4402:

who had still been living between 1958 and 1987 and who took part in the study. As the

4398:, a statistical excess of 507 cancers, of undefined lethality, were observed in 79,972 4220: 4085: 4069: 3998: 3968: 3855: 3823: 3796: 3665: 3564: 3189: 3138: 2674: 2669: 2364: 2191: 2098:

declared at a press conference that the Potsdam Declaration was no more than a rehash (

2083:, which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan. The declaration was presented as an 2023: 1881: 1768: 1715: 1621: 1496:

in 1938 made the development of an atomic bomb a theoretical possibility. Fears that a

1354: 1330: 1297: 1285: 1246: 1193: 1168: 1128: 1118: 1083: 1039: 1028: 929: 900:

The consent of the United Kingdom was obtained for the bombing, as was required by the

812: 808: 777: 711: 704: 643: 633: 607: 459: 381: 25565: 25014: 24703: 13980: 13473:

Flames Over Tokyo: the US Army Air Forces' Incendiary Campaign against Japan 1944–1945

11926:"Global Nuclear Arsenal Declines, But Future Cuts Uncertain Amid U.S.-Russia Tensions" 11606:"Historians: Soviet offensive, key to Japan's WWII surrender, was eclipsed by A-bombs" 9055: 8661:"The Untold Story of How Japanese Steel Workers Saved Their City From the Atomic Bomb" 7968: 7586: 7548: 6204: 5811: 4346:(ABCC) was established in accordance with a presidential directive from Truman to the 4290:, thick clothing and fabric offered protection in many cases. The sometimes extensive 3976: 3859: 3714: 1636:

Operation Centerboard was assigned. The officer responsible for its allocation in the

25929: 25854: 25794: 25789: 25713: 25687: 25595: 25506: 25421: 25386: 25119: 24614: 24579: 24502: 24265: 24220: 24160: 24135: 24090: 24033: 23270: 23101: 22914: 22501: 22296: 22257: 22085: 21969: 21859: 21799: 21760: 21693: 21675: 21641: 21584: 21538: 21482: 21307: 21045: 21037: 20974: 20827: 20421: 19953: 19414: 19393: 19103: 18789: 18674: 18177: 18049: 18027: 17825: 17777: 17392: 17080: 17060: 16827: 16456: 16295: 16284: 16191: 16050: 16045: 15995: 15844: 15839: 15829: 15690: 15224: 15196: 15165: 15141: 15135: 15120: 15100: 15050: 15033: 15016: 15006: 14987: 14970: 14953: 14943: 14915: 14895: 14885: 14863: 14844: 14825: 14803: 14797: 14767: 14757: 14729: 14721: 14692: 14691:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army. 14668: 14644: 14634: 14610: 14600: 14579: 14567: 14563: 14538: 14505: 14495: 14478: 14448: 14402: 14392: 14375: 14365: 14348: 14338: 14316: 14296: 14286: 14267: 14250: 14240: 14223: 14213: 14205: 14185: 14156: 14146: 14122: 14112: 14095: 14085: 14068: 14058: 14039: 14008: 14000: 13990: 13964: 13954: 13932: 13922: 13916: 13895: 13864: 13858: 13845: 13832: 13812: 13775: 13765: 13745: 13735: 13718: 13695: 13663: 13641: 13631: 13614: 13592: 13571: 13554: 13544: 13501: 13477: 13471: 13458: 13423: 13413: 13396: 13377: 13358: 13339: 13329: 13312: 13295: 13285: 13264: 13254: 13226: 13216: 13199: 13176: 13166: 13134: 13107: 13088: 13082: 13078: 13066: 13056: 13036: 13007: 12997: 12980: 12970: 12950: 12930: 12920: 12914: 12894: 12867: 12857: 12838: 12819: 12797: 12780: 12770: 12750: 12740: 12733: 12719: 12709: 12690: 12680: 12660: 12650: 12642: 12622: 12603: 12576: 12566: 12545: 12521: 12500: 12490: 12473: 12463: 12444: 12427: 12417: 12396: 12386: 12360: 12341: 12322: 12303: 12298:(1996). "Japan's Delayed Surrender: A Reinterpretation". In Hogan, Michael J. (ed.). 12255: 12235: 12203: 12193: 12186: 12173: 12163: 12134: 12115: 11812: 11726: 11693: 11159: 11112: 11044: 11013: 11009: 10934:"Children of Hiroshima, Nagasaki survivors facing prejudice, discrimination in Japan" 10882: 10796: 10761: 10753: 10706: 10694: 10690: 10628: 10545: 10537: 10498: 10488: 10419: 10316: 10208: 10194: 10121: 10116: 10103: 10069: 9989: 9818: 9114: 8079: 7784: 5301: 5267: 5085: 4906: 4783: 4705: 4697: 4211: 4182: 4178: 3883: 3513: 3467:

At 03:47 Tinian time (GMT+10), 02:47 Japanese time, on the morning of 9 August 1945,

3417: 3410: 3027: 2661: 2531: 2528: 2508: 2469: 2345: 2203: 2134: 1957: 1948: 1877: 1822: 1772: 1748: 1682: 1616: 1533: 1517: 1487: 1479: 1391:(USAAF) headquarters in Washington, LeMay changed tactics and decided that low-level 1359: 1273: 1071: 1035: 832: 744: 697: 602: 447: 432: 376: 174: 25229: 25209: 25149: 25109: 24999: 24728: 16536: 16095: 15397: 15243:

Kort, Michael. "The Historiography of Hiroshima: The Rise and Fall of Revisionism."

15208: 12703: 10808: 10589: 2974: 2584:

was 18.5 km (11.5 mi) away before it felt the shock waves from the blast.

2095: 1856:

Groves pointed to its military and industrial significance. Stimson then approached

1837:

in Tokyo has a greater fame than any other target but is of least strategic value."

1722:, the commander of Project Alberta, they became known as the "Tinian Joint Chiefs". 25924: 25829: 25809: 25491: 25481: 25416: 25255: 25134: 25084: 25004: 24849: 24789: 24609: 24559: 24295: 24175: 24140: 24038: 23953: 23948: 23439: 22877: 22840: 22766: 22724: 22620: 22580: 22381: 22376: 22004: 21997: 21941: 21605: 21370: 21356: 21259: 21196: 21147: 20960: 20813: 20760: 20570: 20521: 20435: 19665: 19642: 19175: 18526: 18521: 18358: 18212: 17533: 17253: 16969: 16641: 16316: 16115: 16100: 16065: 16040: 15894: 15849: 15494: 15481: 15188: 15088: 15080: 14984:

Hiroshima Diary: The Journal of a Japanese Physician, August 6 – September 30, 1945

14877: 14741: 14713: 14587: 14559: 14530: 14438: 14177: 14024: 13887: 13804: 13762:

The Road to Trinity: A Personal Account of How America's Nuclear Policies Were Made

13448: 13238: 13028: 12811: 12616: 12374: 12287: 12283: 12263: 12227: 12215: 11792: 11685: 11610: 11102: 11092: 11081:"Sex ratio among offspring of childhood cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy" 11005: 10788: 10737: 10686: 10620: 10575: 10533: 10480: 10308: 10186: 10163: 10111: 10093: 9979: 9437:"Imperial Rescript ending war – What Hirohito really said in his acceptance speech" 8862: 7736: 5255: 5225: 4909:. The committee also planned to establish 30 commemorative plaques in three years. 4440: 4252: 4127: 4022: 3985: 3921: 3787: 3722: 3642:. Firing off every flare on board to alert the field to his emergency landing, the 3500: 3490: 3431: 2970: 2270: 2195: 2145: 1994: 1918: 1795: 1756: 1752: 1423: 1411: 1396: 1373: 1257: 1242: 1234: 1172: 1103: 1031: 963: 901: 840: 816: 638: 466: 452: 422: 335: 315: 25019: 24809: 24693: 19184: 17508: 15117:

Letters from the End of the World: A Firsthand Account of the Bombing of Hiroshima

15084: 12142: 11511: 9488: 9275: 8580: 7393: 3983:

purposes. Yamahata took scores of photographs, and on 21 August, they appeared in

3295:

The harbor at Nagasaki in August 1945 before the city was hit with the atomic bomb

2335:, named after Tibbets's mother and piloted by Tibbets, took off from North Field, 2310:. These continued to be expanded and extended up to the morning of 6 August 1945. 25779: 25501: 25471: 25441: 24363: 24300: 24255: 24155: 23161: 23094: 22990: 22951: 22835: 22778: 22650: 22553: 22451: 22371: 22366: 22316: 22027: 21739: 21654: 21612: 21510: 21453: 21321: 21103: 21094: 20623: 20205: 20181: 19435: 18814: 18623: 18559: 18479: 17766: 17605: 17553: 17258: 17175: 17095: 16568: 16407: 16321: 16161: 16125: 16055: 15990: 15980: 15955: 15854: 15834: 15809: 15629: 15030:

Original Child Bomb: Points for Meditation to be Scratched on the Walls of a Cave

14308: 14016: 13757: 13606: 13104:

Living with the Bomb: American and Japanese Cultural Conflicts in the Nuclear Age

12942: 12762: 12621:. The Army Air Forces in World War II. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 12558: 11183:"NUCLEAR CRISIS: Hiroshima and Nagasaki cast long shadows over radiation science" 10909: 10368:"Nuclear Crisis: Hiroshima and Nagasaki cast long shadows over radiation science" 10305:

Ciba Foundation Symposium 203 – Health Impacts of Large Releases of Radionuclides

9703: 9466: 7875: 7331: 6981: 6979: 6966: 6964: 5211: 5116:

In fact, Japan had intended to surrender before being bombed by the United States

5077: 4503: 4451: 4256: 4215: 4037: 3783: 3726: 3639: 3537: 3396: 3232: 3209: 2959: 2476: 2398: 2350: 2199: 2034: 1888: 1860: 1645: 1493: 1346: 1250: 1227: 1139:

intended to capture the southern third of the southernmost main Japanese island,

1127:

on 8 May 1945, plans were underway for the largest operation of the Pacific War,

1015: 878: 568: 543: 412: 71: 25260: 25199: 24914: 24824: 24794: 22139: 18551: 17170: 16070: 15455: 10140: 7933: 7837: 7835: 6062: 5137:

Soviet Union was the solution to avoid casualties and retain the Emperor's rule.

4958: 4534:

post-attack environment, data from this cohort do support the increased risk of

3597:

At 11:01 Japanese Time, a last-minute break in the clouds over Nagasaki allowed

3582:

who studied with three of the scientists responsible for the atomic bomb at the

2130:, and delegation of the punishment of war criminals to the Japanese government. 25882: 25649: 25496: 25456: 25446: 25426: 25391: 24954: 24043: 23111: 23089: 23067: 23045: 23040: 22565: 22496: 22426: 22171: 22034: 21570: 21496: 19548: 19407: 18628: 18408: 17795: 17728: 17503: 17397: 17218: 17208: 17065: 17029: 16451: 16264: 16259: 16030: 15975: 15965: 15960: 15879: 15804: 15733: 15648: 15192: 14817: 13976: 13944: 13159:

Atoms for Peace and War, 1953–1961: Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy Commission

12880: 11722: 10970: 10312: 9803: 9734: 8306: 6067: 5167: 5098: 4858: 4735: 4570: 4476: 4228: 4141: 4132: 4041: 3810:, to collect them. At Los Alamos, technicians worked 24 hours straight to cast 3803: 3700: 3216: 2990: 2935: 2604: 2600: 2577: 2562: 2558: 2180: 2138: 1892: 1730: 1661: 1657: 1505: 1427: 1265: 1099: 1087: 920: 626: 480: 388: 310: 59: 24894: 17538: 17513: 15639: 15522: 15511: 15500: 14717: 14614: 14599:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 34–55, 317–321. 13528: 13453: 13436: 13213:

The American Experience in World War II: The Atomic Bomb in History and Memory

13032: 12127:

Appleman, Roy E.; Burns, James M.; Gugeler, Russell A.; Stevens, John (1948).

11689: 10877: 10255: 8759: 6976: 6961: 6617:"The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II, A Collection of Primary Sources" 6409: 5097:

out". A view among critics of the bombings, popularized by American historian

4295: 3834: 3806:

for Tinian on 11 and 14 August, and Tibbets was ordered by LeMay to return to

1437:

The Japanese military was unable to stop the Allied attacks and the country's

1148: 26156: 25511: 25486: 25436: 25431: 25411: 23253: 23030: 21845: 19770: 19619: 19458: 17884: 17024: 16745: 16735: 16563: 16528: 16279: 16141: 16110: 16090: 16035: 16025: 15935: 15824: 15799: 15743: 15200: 14974: 14899: 14771: 14749: 14725: 14672: 14571: 14542: 14452: 14379: 14352: 14189: 14012: 13899: 13849: 13816: 13722: 13645: 13618: 13587:

Rights and Liberties in the Biotech Age: Why We Need a Genetic Bill of Rights

13558: 13505: 13462: 13343: 13316: 13203: 13138: 13070: 13040: 12984: 12962: 12871: 12784: 12754: 12735:

The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America

12694: 12672: 12664: 12626: 12607: 12580: 12504: 12239: 12177: 12138: 12031: 11943: 11697: 11467: 11017: 10107: 9662: 8843: 8735: 8701: 8595: 8152: 8076:

Fallout: the Hiroshima cover-up and the reporter who revealed it to the world

7990: 7832: 7305: 5399: 5232: 5193: 4642: 4495: 4484: 4459: 4455: 4424: 4407: 4064: 4028: 3975:

On 10 August 1945, the day after the Nagasaki bombing, military photographer

3755: 3734: 3605: 3178: 2994: 2318: 2262: 2142: 2015: 1947:

In preparation for dropping an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, the Oppenheimer-led

1905: 1529: 1475: 1438: 1238: 169: 140: 127: 109: 96: 24749: 17125: 15020: 14957: 14648: 14509: 14482: 14443: 14406: 14254: 14227: 14160: 14126: 14099: 14072: 13968: 13936: 13779: 13749: 13427: 13400: 13299: 13268: 13230: 13180: 13011: 12934: 12723: 12477: 12431: 12400: 12207: 11371: 11190: 10221: 10098: 10007:

CERVENY, T. JAN; MacVITTIE, THOMAS J.; YOUNG, ROBERT W. (27 December 2016).

7175:"Frequently Asked Questions about the Atomic-bomb Survivor Research Program" 6949: 6868: 3540:

the previous day. Additionally, the Yahata Steel Works intentionally burned

3268: 1592: 1528:

to construct the production facilities necessary to produce uranium-235 and

26122: 25451: 25401: 23242: 23178: 22719: 22144: 21948: 20248: 20153: 19784: 19147: 18911: 18869: 16621: 16498: 16336: 16218: 16075: 16020: 16000: 15985: 15889: 15713: 15645:

Hiroshima and Nagasaki: A Look Back at the US Atomic Bombing 64 Years Later

15037: 14841:

140 Days to Hiroshima: The Story of Japan's Last Chance to Avert Armageddon

14733: 14696: 14300: 14020: 13667: 13575: 13087:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 12954: 12898: 12549: 12119: 11331: 11116: 11097: 10800: 10698: 10502: 10367: 9294: 9081: 8161:. Burnie, Tasmania: National Library of Australia. 9 August 1945. p. 1 7421: 5240: 5089: 4926: 4843: 4759: 4751: 4662: 4609: 4559: 4531: 4432: 4423:

While during the preimplantation period, that is one to ten days following

4411: 4403: 4335:

and death is increased when a usually non-lethal radiation dose moderately

4248: 3710: 3220: 2592: 2455: 2353:, which carried instrumentation, and a then-nameless aircraft later called 2269:, which commanded the defense of all of southern Japan, and was located in 2247: 2072: 2019: 2002: 1982: 1909: 1629: 1612: 1384: 1213: 1024: 908: 800: 780:

to the Allies on 15 August, six days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the

765: 617: 612: 526: 45: 17195: 16812: 15456:"Photo Essay: Hiroshima and Nagasaki: 75th anniversary of atomic bombings" 15228: 14969:. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Energy, History Division. 14470:

Diplomatic Papers: The Conference of Berlin (the Potsdam Conference), 1945

12525: 11320:, p. 140 Dower says that Korean survivor groups use higher estimates. 10765: 10632: 10603:

Blot, William J.; Miller, Robert W. (1973). "Mental Retardation Following

10474: 10303:

Streffer, Christian (2007). "Biological Effects of Prenatal Irradiation".

10125: 8329:"Statement by the President Announcing the Use of the A-Bomb at Hiroshima" 5780: 4613: 4520:

Despite the small sample size of 1,600 to 1,800 persons who came forth as

4177:

and other German atomic scientists, whom the British held at Farm Hall in

1604:

was constituted on 9 December 1944, and activated on 17 December 1944, at

1471: 53: 25634: 25466: 24661: 23134: 23062: 22978: 22798: 22523: 21783: 21769: 21431: 20107: 19928: 19913: 19267: 18473: 18255: 17273: 16822: 16166: 16120: 16085: 16060: 16005: 15909: 15899: 15783: 15155: 14912:

Road to Surrender: Three Men and the Countdown to the End of World War II

14907: 14882:

Nuclear Dawn: the Atomic Bomb, from the Manhattan Project to the Cold War

14138: 12378: 12295: 11659:

http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/30/the-bomb-didnt-beat-japan-stalin-did/

10965: 10853: 10190: 9763: 9090:. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 19 September 1945. p. 20 9028: 9000: 8640: 8628: 8135: 8133: 6844: 5262:

came to depend on the use of nuclear weapons to defend itself during the

5171: 5109: 4930: 4739: 4589: 4555: 4480: 4436: 4428: 4388:

strictly dependent manner dependent on their distance from the hypocenter

4383: 4319: 4136: 3730: 3623: 3563:

had insufficient fuel to reach Iwo Jima and would be forced to divert to

3545: 3528:

After exceeding the original departure time limit by nearly a half-hour,

3285: 3205: 3182: 3006: 3002: 2703: 2596: 2554: 2546: 2534:, removed the safety devices 30 minutes before reaching the target area. 2251: 2232: 2030: 1986: 1653: 1521: 1513: 1392: 1011: 958: 866: 828: 303: 274: 41: 14055:

Project Alberta: The Preparation of Atomic Bombs For Use in World War II

13824: 13500:. Hiroshima: The Radiation Effects Research Foundation. pp. 42–61. 5123:

commanders still did not know anything about the atomic bomb being used.

4961:, and an arch near ground zero. In 2013, four locations were designated 3249: 2599:, by approximately 240 m (800 ft) and detonated directly over 2569:

flew over the city. It broadcast a short message which was picked up by

1062:. Offensives were undertaken to reduce the Japanese forces remaining in 25461: 25406: 23221: 23129: 23035: 22968: 22741: 21138: 20891: 20870: 19763: 19096: 19024: 18859: 18348: 17915: 17070: 16686: 16269: 16213: 15950: 15940: 15869: 15092: 14237:

Nuke-rebuke: Writers & Artists Against Nuclear Energy & Weapons

13907: 13842:

Effects of Ionizing Radiation: Atomic Bomb Survivors and Their Children

13808: 13653: 13350: 12533: 12247: 12032:"Editorial: It's time for Japan to step up and join nuclear ban treaty" 11804: 11156:"Birth defects among the children of atomic-bomb survivors (1948–1954)" 10827: 10749: 10420:"Birth defects among the children of atomic-bomb survivors (1948–1954)" 10167: 9824: 9524:"For one reporter, 1945 visit to Hiroshima was about more than a scoop" 8236: 7863: 7563: 4605: 4593: 4328: 4311: 4283: 4194: 3980: 3811: 3768: 3272: 3150: 3022: 2707: 2243: 2076: 1810: 1783: 1561: 1553: 1284:

units were trained in their use. Consideration was also given to using

916: 836: 23057: 16979: 15597:"Annotated bibliography for atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 15258: 14197: 11908:"Here's how many nuclear warheads exist, and which countries own them" 10757: 10624: 10476:

Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V

9993: 8516: 8211: 8130: 7436: 7107: 7086: 5080:. The Japanese may have surrendered without the bombings, but only an 3192:

had informed Tokyo of the Soviet Union's unilateral abrogation of the

1930: 1771:

from Project Alberta, and the Manhattan Project's scientific advisor,

25476: 25396: 24584: 24574: 22887: 22506: 22356: 21401: 20806: 20603: 20414: 20212: 20167: 17971: 17402: 17377: 17372: 17180: 17051: 16984: 16656: 16311: 16177: 15945: 15748: 13198:(3rd ed.). Hiroshima: Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation. 2003. 10344: 10139:

National Research Council (1991). Neel, J. V.; Schull, W. J. (eds.).

7929: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6637: 5093: 5073: 4681: 4657: 4634: 4174: 4033: 3746: 3742: 3609: 3586:, urging him to tell the public about the danger involved with these 3509: 3494:

Nagasaki before and after the bombing, after the fires had burned out

3353: 3277: 3097: 3062: 2665: 2588: 2448: 2331: 2307: 2238: 2188: 2108: 2084: 1965:

we cannot promise that only these cities will be among those attacked

1787: 1765: 1664: 1648:, known as the 1st Technical Detachment. The 509th Composite Group's 1633: 1549: 1186: 894: 851: 769: 726: 82: 19688: 15659: 14518: 14264:

The Japanese-Soviet Neutrality Pact: A Diplomatic History, 1941–1945

13891: 12705:

MacArthur's ULTRA: Codebreaking and the War Against Japan, 1942–1945

12565:. Washington, D.C.: Center for Air Force History. pp. 383–452. 12441:

House of War: The Pentagon and the Disastrous Rise of American Power

12231: 12162:. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. pp. 24–58. 11944:"Nuclear weapons: Which countries have them and how many are there?" 11796: 10824:"Hiroshima urges shift from nuclear deterrence on 79th A-bomb anniv" 10741: 9984: 7039: 6922:

can fall anywhere in the range of "ignore" to "treat with contempt".

5922: 3055: 3043: 2079:

desert exceeded expectations. On 26 July, Allied leaders issued the

1508:

report in late 1941, which indicated that only 5 to 10 kilograms of

1365: 23263: 23201: 22973: 22892: 19672: 19400: 17481: 16909: 16600: 16544: 16351: 16184: 15718: 15653: 15544: 14986:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. 14181: 13630:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. 13048: 12854:

Hell to Pay: Operation Downfall and the Invasion of Japan 1945–1947

6897: 6885: 5263: 5102: 4672: 4521: 4378: 3886:

which was broadcast to the Japanese nation the next day despite an

3541: 3389: 3323: 3255: 3167: 2796: 2550: 2184: 1865: 1791: 1697: 1693: 1460: 1443: 1269: 1261: 1106: 1086:

were killed. Of the 117,000 Okinawan and Japanese troops defending

773: 86: 17574: 16376: 15623:

Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall For The Atomic Bomb Victims

13194: 12913:

Goldstein, Donald; Dillon, Katherine V; Wenger, J Michael (1995).

12460:

Target Hiroshima: Deak Parsons and the Creation of the Atomic Bomb

10484: 10228: 9140:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. p. 19. Archived from 8488:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. p. 15. Archived from 7881: 7460: 7448: 6774: 6634: 4772:

Twice Survived: The Doubly Atomic Bombed of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

4596:– rather than the biologically significant, biologically weighted 1829:

to be internationally recognized when publicity on it is released.

1734:

The mission runs of 6 and 9 August, with Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and

16651: 16341: 16208: 15635:

Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall For The Atomic Bomb Victims

14466: 14313:

War's End: An Eyewitness Account of America's Last Atomic Mission

12600:

Atom Bombs: The Top Secret Inside Story of Little Boy and Fat Man

12018:"122 countries adopt 'historic' UN treaty to ban nuclear weapons" 11719:

Terror from the Sky: The Bombing of German Cities in World War II

11550: 9439:. Translated by William Wetherall. Yosha Research. Archived from 9212: 8357: 7761:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. p. 9. Archived from 7174: 7119: 6248:

Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims

5326: 5324: 4755: 4622: 4617: 4597: 4287: 3843: 3802:

Two more Fat Man assemblies were readied, and scheduled to leave

3613: 3260: 2969:

headquarters were undergoing physical training on the grounds of

2623: 2537: 2162: 2127: 2114: 1744: 1671: 1569: 1509: 1434:, the U.S. fire-bombed over a hundred Japanese towns and cities. 1320: 1079: 847: 827:

on 8 May 1945, and the Allies turned their full attention to the

15253:

Newman, Robert P. "Hiroshima and the Trashing of Henry Stimson"

15219:(1966). "Manhattan Project". In Ahnfeldt, Arnold Lorentz (ed.). 14477:. Vol. 2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 14004: 10562:

Otake, Masanori; Yoshimaru, Hiroshi; Schull, William J. (1989).

9253: 9251: 7606: 7604: 7027: 6813:. Washington, DC: United States Department of State. 4 July 1945 5389: 5387: 5297:

Culture Shock and Japanese-American Relations: Historical Essays

5239:. By 1986, the United States had 23,317 nuclear weapons and the 4842:

was opened in 1955 in the Peace Park. Hiroshima also contains a

2339:, about six hours' flight time from Japan, at 02:45 local time. 1516:

were needed for a bomb instead of tons of natural uranium and a

1455:

Japanese had 137,800,000 litres (1,156,000 US bbl) of

20282: 18880: 17334: 16503: 15727: 15573: 14658:"Memory Wars: The Politics of Remembering the Asia-Pacific War" 11205: 7788: 7491: 7489: 7487: 6185: 4588:

The reporting of doses in terms of absorbed energy in units of

4526: 4332: 4275: 3817: 3472: 3171: 2783:

worn by a survivor burned into her skin in tight-fitting areas.

2780: 2336: 2198:

in a magnesium field carrying case designed for the purpose by

2119: 1779: 1735: 1342: 1338: 1152: 1140: 874: 15338:"The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 13237: 12916:

Rain of Ruin: a Photographic History of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

12487:

Japan, 1945: From Operation Downfall to Hiroshima and Nagasaki

12338:

Creating Military Power: the Sources of Military Effectiveness

12079: 11538: 10434: 9872:. Associated Press. 7 August 1945. p. 1–A. Archived from 9393: 9281: 9156: 8765: 8397: 7698: 7181:(Formerly known as the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC)) 6985: 6970: 6452: 6030: 5321: 5273:

On 7 July 2017, more than 120 countries voted to adopt the UN

5250:, but Japan was not one of them. Japan reluctantly signed the 5084:

surrender would satisfy the Allies. Others, such as historian

4734:

and their children were (and still are) victims of fear-based

4090:

The Effects of the Atomic Bombs Against Hiroshima and Nagasaki

4054:

then apparently reversed course and ran a front-page story by

2137:

that Britain be represented when the atomic bomb was dropped.

1891:

had suggested giving the Japanese a non-combat demonstration.

242: 20470: 16696: 14631:

Blankets of Fire: U.S. Bombers over Japan during World War II

13374:

The Consequential Damages of Nuclear War: The Rongelap Report

11130: 10878:"Cancer did not hinder atomic bomb survivor's annual mission" 9263: 9248: 8807: 8785: 7601: 7358: 7346: 7051: 6825: 6103: 5898: 5886: 5838: 5826: 5730: 5694: 5682: 5670: 5658: 5634: 5384: 4953: 4667: 4371:

Cancers do not immediately emerge after exposure to radiation

3946:

dated 8 August 1945. The cartoon refers back to the Japanese

3673:. He also noted its "Victor" number as 77, which was that of 2982:, when the bomb exploded. She used a special phone to inform 1993:

In 1943, the United States and the United Kingdom signed the

1799: 1456: 1277: 13609:; Tolzer, Eliot (August 1957). "How We Dropped the A-Bomb". 13084:

Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan

11998: 11819: 11772:. International Law Association of Japan. 1994. p. 147. 9973: 9941: 9630:"Oppenheimer: Monaghan man who captured nuclear devastation" 9381: 9369: 8438: 8436: 8193:"Americans Killed by Atomic Bomb to be Honored in Hiroshima" 7484: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7003: 6991: 6680: 6678: 5471: 5447: 5435: 5254:

in February 1970, but is still sheltered under the American

3934:

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in popular culture

3332:

Special Mission 16, secondary target Nagasaki, 9 August 1945

2702:(A-bomb) dome, which was only 150 m (490 ft) from 2371:

Special Mission 13, primary target Hiroshima, 6 August 1945

2194:, was transported in the custody of Project Alberta courier 18218:

1944 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection

17902: 16289: 15758: 15161:

Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944–1945

13734:. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Press. 13354:

Unforgettable Fire: Pictures Drawn by Atomic Bomb Survivors

12647:

My true course: Dutch Van Kirk, Northumberland to Hiroshima

12126: 12080:"Japan | Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons" 11986: 11877: 11875: 11349: 9684: 8528: 8304: 7701:

Unforgettable fire: Pictures drawn by atomic bomb survivors

6517: 6410:"Atomic Bomb: Decision – Target Committee, May 10–11, 1945" 6166:. 509th Composite Group. 1945. pp. 8–9. Archived from 5970: 5646: 5622: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5569:"Minutes of Meeting held at the White House, June 18, 1945" 5405: 5259: 4641:

Many other investigations into cognitive outcomes, such as

4530:

absorption of a substantial dose of radiation and then the

4431:" can cause complications of implantation and death of the 4324: 2998: 2942:

that engulfed the city, some three hours after the bombing.

2250:(center in photograph) can be seen with six members of the 2211: 1904:

The possibility of a demonstration was raised again in the

1334: 15599:. Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues. Archived from 14940:

Five Days in August: How World War II Became a Nuclear War

14519:"The Decision to Use the Bomb: A Historiographical Update" 12767:

The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner

12679:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–142. 11974: 11928:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL). 17 June 2019. 11831: 9575: 9463:"Emperor Hirohito's Surrender Rescript to Japanese Troops" 7370: 7250:"Literary Fallout: The legacies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 7217: 7015: 6624:

National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 162

6568: 6205:"Minutes of 3rd Target Committee Meeting 28 May 1945" 5982: 5537: 5459: 5423: 5185:

In 1963 the bombings were subjected to judicial review in

4542:, the data collected suggests a threshold intrauterine or 4241:

Epidemiology data for low-linear energy transfer radiation

3200:, Soviet infantry, armor, and air forces had launched the 2541:

The Hiroshima atom bomb cloud 2–5 minutes after detonation

2001:, which included one Canadian representative, was held at 1681:

for the Marianas, while group materiel was shipped on the

1674:, Washington. On 6 May the support elements sailed on the 1005: Gray: Areas controlled by the Soviet Union (neutral) 944:

were a war crime, raising moral and ethical implications.

24547: 15382:"Tale of Two Cities: The Story of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 14307: 13196:

Eyewitness Testimonies: Appeals from the A-Bomb Survivors

12302:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–115. 11562: 11078: 10472: 10138: 9919: 9917: 9778: 9417: 9056:"How Effective Was Navajo Code? One Former Captive Knows" 8849: 8741: 8707: 8646: 8634: 8601: 8453: 8451: 8433: 8409: 7665: 7063: 6707: 6705: 6675: 6650:"The Information War in the Pacific, 1945 Paths to Peace" 6505: 6428: 6311: 6299: 5874: 5706: 5061:

Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

3762: 3072: 2822:

A photograph of the aftermath of the bombing of Hiroshima

11950: 11887: 11872: 10994:"The Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors: A Genetic Study" 10564:"Prenatal Exposure to Atomic Radiation and Brain Damage" 10400: 9405: 9287: 9198:"The Achievements of Dr. Takashi Nagai | 長崎市平和・原爆" 8966:"A Veiled Truth: The U.S. Censorship of the Atomic Bomb" 8892: 8880: 8819: 8540: 8232:"Hidden History: American POWS Were Killed in Hiroshima" 7815:"A Photo-Essay on the Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 7150: 7148: 7146: 6580: 6544: 6440: 6383: 6371: 6115: 5958: 5718: 5583: 5411: 4509: 3858:

had already obtained signatures from Toyoda and General

2603:. It released the equivalent energy of 16 ± 2 2304:

systematic evacuation ordered by the Japanese government

1786:), the site of one of Japan's largest munitions plants; 1319:

involved India-based B-29s staging through bases around

1204:

troops prepared to defend the home islands, backed by a

764:

On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two

13709:

Moore, Mike (July–August 1995). "Troublesome Imagery".

12410:

The Silverplate Bombers: A History and Registry of the

11962: 11637: 11158:. Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Archived from 8916: 8552: 8385: 8055: 7205: 6811:"Minutes of a Meeting of the Combined Policy Committee" 6724: 6722: 6720: 6534: 6532: 6495: 6493: 6359: 5934: 5610: 5483: 4439:

caused by the radiation from the bombings, during this

3551:

With fuel running low because of the failed fuel pump,

1972: 1109:

that defeat was inevitable, and urged him to abdicate.

19542:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

15366:"Scientific Data of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Disaster" 14789:"Hiroshima and Nagasaki Missions – Planes & Crews" 14413: 13307:

Hubbell, Harry; Cheka, Joseph; Jones, Throyce (1969).

12967:

Now it Can be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project

12416:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. 11526: 10778: 9914: 9236: 9224: 8831: 8607: 8504: 8463: 8448: 7869: 7472: 7229: 7131: 6702: 6556: 6287: 6091: 5862: 5360: 5348: 5336: 4742:; much of the public persist with the belief that the 4646:

size is too small to determine with any significance.

3567:, which had become entirely Allied-occupied territory 3196:

on 5 April. At two minutes past midnight on 9 August,

3033: 1816:

The target was unlikely to be attacked by August 1945.

26106: 18604:

United States aircraft production during World War II

15047:

Hiroshima no shiroi sora (The White Sky in Hiroshima)

14942:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 14931:

Unconditional: The Japanese Surrender in World War II

13840:

Peterson, Leif E.; Abrahamson, Seymour, eds. (1998).

12996:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. 12912: 11574: 11299: 10006: 9929: 8996:"Nagasaki memorial adds British POW as A-bomb victim" 7510:"The Yields of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki Explosions" 7193: 7143: 7045: 6791: 6762: 6137:. Air Force Historical Studies Office. Archived from 5850: 5525: 5108:

Regarding criticism of the US dropping atomic bombs,

4951:

Some of the rubble was left as a memorial, such as a

4925:

Panoramic view of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. The

4458:

led the study which found that the overall number of

1711:, the deputy commander of the Manhattan Project, and 15576:. Google Earth mapping of Hiroshima bombing archives 15368:. Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University 15311:"Correspondence Regarding Decision to Drop the Bomb" 14311:; Antonucci, James A.; Antonucci, Marion K. (1997). 12544:. Vol. 6. London: Purnell. pp. 2536–2544. 12266:(1986). "A postwar myth: 500,000 U.S. lives saved". 12114:. Vol. 6. London: Purnell. pp. 2566–2576. 11396:. Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation. Archived from 11231:. Columbia University. 2 August 2006. Archived from 10719: 10561: 10185:, United Nations, pp. 3–10, 12 September 2016, 10143:(Report). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press 9790: 9640: 9547: 9545: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9508: 9506: 8421: 8153:"Heart of Hiroshima Wiped Out as by Giant Bulldozer" 7610: 7087:

United States Strategic Bombing Survey (June 1946).

6937: 6717: 6690: 6592: 6529: 6490: 5804:"1945 Tokyo Firebombing Left Legacy of Terror, Pain" 5549: 5372: 4627:

higher biological effect per unit of energy absorbed

2325:

for the Hiroshima bombing as posted on 5 August 1945

2202:. Magnesium was chosen because it does not act as a 1887:

During the meetings on 31 May and 1 June, scientist

1070:

and the Philippines. In April 1945, American forces

18096:

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

15560:. Google Earth mapping of Nagasaki bombing archives 15287:"Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb" 14633:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. 14239:. Iowa City, Iowa: The Spirit That Moves Us Press. 14212:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 14143:

The Atomic Bomb: Voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki

14109:

Wings of Judgment: American Bombing in World War II

13694:. New York: Diane Publishing Co. pp. 131–170. 12385:. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 10–25. 12340:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 12082:. International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons 11770:

The Japanese Annual of International Law: Volume 36

10070:"The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Retrospect" 8904: 8771: 8747: 8173: 8092: 8078:. New York: First Simon & Schuster. p. 5. 8043: 7541:"The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima, Aug 6, 1945" 6925: 6473:"Henry Stimson didn't go to Kyoto on his honeymoon" 6042: 6018: 5994: 5946: 5910: 5751:"March 9, 1945: Burning the Heart Out of the Enemy" 4427:, intrauterine radiation exposure of "at least 0.2 4106:cameraman from continuing to film in Nagasaki. All 3907:

lead to the total extinction of human civilization.

3208:on the nation, with the support of Minister of War 1219:, predicted up to 20 million Japanese deaths. 15493:is available for free viewing and download at the 15480:is available for free viewing and download at the 14359: 13839: 13584: 13277: 13246: 12879:Glasstone, Samuel; Dolan, Philip J., eds. (1977). 12732: 12675:(1996). "The Bombed". In Hogan, Michael J. (ed.). 12563:Case Studies in the Achievement of Air Superiority 12513: 12185: 11366: 11364: 10307:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. pp. 155–166. 10234: 10222:"The Fallout – the medical aftermath of Hiroshima" 9723: 9721: 8522: 8217: 8139: 7569: 7466: 7454: 7442: 7125: 7113: 6955: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6060: 6006: 5779:. The Future of Freedom Foundation. Archived from 5252:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 4373:; instead, radiation-induced cancer has a minimum 3878:, asked whether the war would be continued if the 3215:On 7 August, a day after Hiroshima was destroyed, 2214:transport aircraft of the 509th Composite Group's 1536:, eventually under the direction of Major General 1078:, most fought until they were killed or committed 18581: 15502:Video footage of the bombing of Nagasaki (silent) 13860:Before The Fallout: From Marie Curie to Hiroshima 12816:Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire 11422:. Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. Archived from 9888: 9657: 9655: 9536: 9503: 9327:. Voices of the Manhattan Project. Archived from 8866:"Eyewitness Account of Atomic Bomb Over Nagasaki" 7639: 5774: 5266:, a policy that became known in the 1950s as the 1615:. Tibbets was assigned to organize and command a 915:, for atomic bombs to be used against Hiroshima, 815:that devastated 64 Japanese cities, including an 26213:Strategic bombing conducted by the United States 26154: 22201: 17559:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 15513:Reconstruction video of the bombing of Hiroshima 14391:. New Hope, Pennsylvania: Enola Gay Remembered. 13351:Japanese Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) (1977). 12708:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 12414:and Other B-29s Configured to Carry Atomic Bombs 10611:to the Atomic Bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki". 10479:. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 9866:"Vatican Regrets Inventors Did Not Destroy Bomb" 8579:. The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from 7585:. The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from 7392:. The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from 7330:. The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from 7328:"Timeline #2 – the 509th; The Hiroshima Mission" 7304:. The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from 6238: 6236: 6234: 6232: 4974:former Nagasaki City Shiroyama Elementary School 4727:; 344,306 in Hiroshima and 198,785 in Nagasaki. 3967:The Hiroshima ruins in March and April 1946, by 2934:For decades this photo was misidentified as the 2227: 979: White and green: Areas controlled by Japan 18279:United States Senate election in Missouri, 1934 18244:Harry S. Truman home and National Historic Site 17529:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 15540:The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki 15398:"The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 15346:Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum 15291:Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum 14933:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 13120: 11361: 10074:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 9718: 9176:"Rescue and Relief Activities | 長崎市平和・原爆" 9024:"Two Dutch POWs join Nagasaki bomb victim list" 8721:"Spitzer Personal Diary Page 25 (CGP-ASPI-025)" 8333:Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum 8307:"The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 8281: 8025:Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum 7751: 7390:"Timeline #2- the 509th; The Hiroshima Mission" 7382: 7296: 7294: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7163: 6903: 6891: 6785: 6395: 6061:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 6054: 4602:difference between X-ray and neutron absorption 3244: 2607:(66.9 ± 8.4 TJ). The weapon was 1112: 1082:. Nearly 99 percent of the 21,000 defenders of 782:Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan 16513: 15313:. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Archived from 15137:Hibakusha: Survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 14706:Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 14335:Bombing Civilians: A Twentieth Century History 13789:Hiroshima in History: The Myths of Revisionism 13582: 13311:. Hiroshima: Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission. 12878: 12856:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 12462:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 11131:"Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF)" 10557: 10555: 10440: 9652: 9603:Goodman, Amy; Goodman, David (5 August 2005). 9602: 9162: 8577:"Timeline #3- the 509th; The Nagasaki Mission" 7091:. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Archived from 6340:. Tinian. 1945. pp. 17–22. Archived from 5801: 5023: 5008: 4993: 4978: 4721: 4687: 4418: 3512:as previously agreed with Sweeney and Captain 2910:A mobilized school girl suffered burns to face 2653: 2640: 967:Situation of the Pacific War on 1 August 1945. 865:was trained and equipped with the specialized 24533: 22472:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 22187: 18896: 18567: 17590: 16392: 15675: 15414:"The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II" 14967:The Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb 14210:A World Destroyed: Hiroshima and its Legacies 14057:. Los Alamos, New Mexico: Exceptional Books. 13692:Pearl to V-J Day: World War II in the Pacific 13566:Knebel, Fletcher; Bailey, Charles W. (1960). 13527: 13323: 13306: 12649:. Lawrenceville, Georgia: Red Gremlin Press. 12640: 12594: 12536:(1969). "Japan at the End of Her Tether". In 12335: 12106:Allen, Louis (1969). "The Nuclear Raids". In 11355: 11255:"Japan Confirms First Double A-Bomb Survivor" 10668: 10240: 9690: 9661: 9399: 7741:"Counting the dead at Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 7527: 7364: 7352: 7009: 6997: 6229: 5393: 5300:. University of Missouri Press. p. 228. 4550:neural cells (8 to 15 weeks post-conception) 3461:Strike spare – did not complete mission 2838:for the American airmen who died in the blast 2520:Strike spare – did not complete mission 2106:, that the government intended to ignore it ( 2029:Orders for the attack were issued to General 2026:, as this also required British concurrence. 1778:The Target Committee nominated five targets: 813:conventional bombing and firebombing campaign 258: 23396:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 18328:1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries 14133: 14082:World War II in the Pacific: an Encyclopedia 13565: 13407: 12336:Brooks, Risa; Stanley, Elizabeth A. (2007). 12321:. Mankato, Minnesota: The Creative Company. 11556: 11544: 9835: 9833: 9825:Japanese Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) 1977 8480: 8478: 8305:Manhattan Engineer District (29 June 1946). 8287: 8268:National Archives and Records Administration 7699:Japan Broadcasting Corporation, ed. (1977). 7635:– via Defense Threat Reduction Agency. 7575: 7291: 7160: 5777:"Bombings Worse than Nagasaki and Hiroshima" 5275:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 4139:and originally published in article form in 3818:Surrender of Japan and subsequent occupation 3574:A few minutes later at 11:00 Japanese Time, 2133:At Potsdam, Truman agreed to a request from 1738:(the original target for 9 August) displayed 1587: 1151:, near Tokyo on the main Japanese island of 18203:Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite 17685:1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum 16876:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 15656:2005 website commemorating 60th anniversary 14703: 14586: 14329: 13605: 13408:Jowett, Philip S.; Andrew, Stephen (2002). 13152: 12739:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 11992: 11420:"Fifty Years for the Peace Memorial Museum" 11211: 10552: 10337:"The Radiation Effects Research Foundation" 9858: 9799:"Eighty-Five from the Archive: John Hersey" 9349: 9301:. Aviation Publishing Group. Archived from 8855: 7713: 7376: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6458: 5928: 4675:, Japan. One-legged torii in the background 3950:to rationalize the American atomic bombing. 3471:, flown by Sweeney's crew, lifted off from 3212:, to stop anyone attempting to make peace. 3116:Truman talks about the bombing of Hiroshima 3061:Hiroshima after the bombing and subsequent 1143:. This was to be followed in March 1946 by 24540: 24526: 22194: 22180: 18903: 18889: 18574: 18560: 18067:Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 17597: 17583: 16399: 16385: 15682: 15668: 15490:Children of Hiroshima (Reel 2 of 2) (1952) 15477:Children of Hiroshima (Reel 1 of 2) (1952) 14748: 14467:United States Department of State (1960). 14360:Thomas, Gordon; Morgan-Witts, Max (1977). 14261: 13914: 13490: 13101: 12791: 12615:Craven, Wesley; Cate, James, eds. (1953). 12614: 11514:(in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs 11460: 10602: 10037:"Nuclear fallout medical effects. Mettler" 9947: 8813: 8403: 7923: 7844:"The Hiroshima Mushroom Cloud That Wasn't" 7819:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 7495: 7223: 7074: 6831: 6684: 6434: 6305: 6127: 5976: 5964: 5904: 5892: 5880: 5844: 5832: 5736: 5712: 5700: 5688: 5676: 5664: 5652: 5640: 5628: 5616: 4738:and exclusion for marriage or work due to 3733:, and seven Dutch POWs. One American POW, 2647:—a brilliant flash of light—followed by a 2051:That day, Truman noted in his diary that: 2033:on 25 July under the signature of General 1466: 1135:involved a series of landings by the U.S. 265: 251: 62:over Hiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right) 26178:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 25765:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 22920:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 18795:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 17790:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 17279:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 16889:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 14489: 14442: 13982:Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb 13583:Krimsky, Sheldon; Shorett, Peter (2005). 13452: 13324:Ishikawa, Eisei; Swain, David L. (1981). 12851: 12602:. Waukesha, Wisconsin: J. Coster-Mullen. 12457: 12262: 12214: 11905: 11785:The American Journal of International Law 11257:. Sky News. 24 March 2009. Archived from 11106: 11096: 10958: 10821: 10652:"New Study Questions Hiroshima Radiation" 10579: 10115: 10097: 9983: 9830: 9560: 9465:. Taiwan Document Project. Archived from 9269: 9257: 8825: 8475: 7277:"Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing Timeline" 7057: 7033: 6477:Restricted Data: The Nuclear Secrecy Blog 6377: 5988: 5742: 5592: 5543: 5477: 5465: 5453: 5441: 5429: 5330: 4679:The survivors of the bombings are called 4234: 3890:by militarists opposed to the surrender. 3694: 3594:, met with Sagane and signed the letter. 2739:Hiroshima in the aftermath of the bombing 2359:, commanded by Captain George Marquardt. 1989:ordering the dropping of the atomic bombs 1949:Scientific Panel of the Interim Committee 1871: 998: Red: Areas controlled by the Allies 835:had produced two types of atomic bombs: " 35:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 18299:1944 United States presidential election 16662:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 14686: 14106: 13844:. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press. 13764:. New York: William Morrow and Company. 13441:Journal of American-East Asian Relations 13371: 13253:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 13102:Hein, Laura; Selden, Mark, eds. (1997). 13077: 12994:Imperial Japan's World War II, 1931–1945 12835:Tettei kenshō Shōwa Tennō "dokuhakuroku" 12832: 12761: 12407: 12373: 12355:Bungei, Shunjū Senshi Kenkyūkai (1981). 12188:World War II: A 50th Anniversary History 12004: 11980: 11956: 11893: 11881: 11825: 11764: 11762: 11752:International Committee of the Red Cross 11670:Gómez, Javier Guisández (20 June 1998). 10961:"Prejudice haunts atomic bomb survivors" 10468: 10466: 10464: 10406: 10302: 9846:. German History in Documents and Images 9581: 9411: 9387: 9375: 8898: 8886: 8713: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8558: 8546: 8391: 8229: 8158:Advocate (Burnie, Tas. : 1890–1954) 7620:. Defense Nuclear Agency. Archived from 7611:W. McRaney; J. McGahan (6 August 1980). 7302:"509th Timeline: Inception to Hiroshima" 7271: 7269: 7267: 7080: 7021: 6604: 6523: 6511: 6365: 6317: 6293: 5604: 5503:"The Final Months of the War With Japan" 5366: 5354: 5342: 5154:Aerial bombardment and international law 4661: 4260: 4151: 4018:(ICRC), on 30 August 1945 from Hiroshima 4016:International Committee of the Red Cross 4005: 3953: 3937: 3772: 3709: 3622: 3489: 3307: 3290: 3248: 3202:Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation 2929: 2536: 2317: 2231: 1976: 1929: 1747:William P. Fisher, Joyce C. Stearns and 1729: 1591: 1470: 1364: 1301: 1177: 962: 913:chief of staff of the United States Army 27:August 1945 attacks in Japan during WWII 25875: 23075:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 17956:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 17717:Sherman Minton Supreme Court nomination 15001:Krauss, Robert; Krauss, Amelia (2005). 14756:. Fortress. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 14628: 14386: 14204: 14079: 13877: 13856: 13756: 13689: 13393:Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb 13280:Japan's War: The Great Pacific Conflict 13241:; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.; 13018: 12730: 12511: 12438: 12319:The Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki 11968: 11654: 11652: 11504: 10875: 10422:. Radiation Effects Research Foundation 10387: 10385: 9796: 9218: 8850:Sweeney, Antonucci & Antonucci 1997 8742:Sweeney, Antonucci & Antonucci 1997 8708:Sweeney, Antonucci & Antonucci 1997 8658: 8647:Sweeney, Antonucci & Antonucci 1997 8635:Sweeney, Antonucci & Antonucci 1997 8602:Sweeney, Antonucci & Antonucci 1997 8534: 7954: 7882:Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation 2003 7211: 6711: 6574: 6562: 6470: 6191: 6121: 5868: 5856: 5724: 5531: 5147: 5054: 5004:former Nagasaki Medical University gate 4245:Acute radiation syndrome § History 3091: 2696:Prefectural Industrial Promotional Hall 2629: 2313: 1324:required to reach key Japanese cities. 904:, and orders were issued on 25 July by 786:invasion of Japanese-occupied Manchuria 14: 26155: 20750: 20728:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 18416:Collision Course: Truman vs. MacArthur 18062:Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 17820:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 17477:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 14796:Allen, Thomas; Polmar, Norman (1995). 14549: 14516: 14475:Foreign Relations of the United States 14262:Slavinskiĭ, Boris Nikolaevich (2004). 14031: 13975: 13943: 13729: 13625: 13210: 12961: 12941: 12354: 12316: 11837: 11592: 11568: 11532: 11329: 11281:"Man who survived two atom bombs dies" 11217: 11180: 10931: 10365: 10067: 9923: 9756: 9727: 9521: 9293: 9242: 9230: 9082:"POW's Remarkable Escapes in Nagasaki" 8837: 8510: 8469: 8358:United States Department of State 1960 7731: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7683: 7647:"Super-fortress crew tell their story" 7501: 7247: 7235: 7199: 7137: 6797: 6768: 6728: 6598: 6036: 4298:when they cover a large area of skin. 4167:United States Strategic Bombing Survey 4082:United States Strategic Bombing Survey 3839:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan 3763:Plans for more atomic attacks on Japan 3627:The bomb destroyed the Roman Catholic 3303: 2683:United States Strategic Bombing Survey 2060: 24549:Strategic bombing during World War II 24521: 24003: 23765: 23427: 22231: 22175: 21599:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 21031:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 20677:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 20633:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 19738:Rape during the occupation of Germany 18884: 18555: 18090:President's Committee on Civil Rights 17922:U.N. Security Council Resolutions 82, 17578: 16380: 15689: 15663: 15436:"Photo gallery of aftermath pictures" 14655: 14280: 14234: 14167: 14111:. New York: Oxford University Press. 13708: 13628:Death in Life: Survivors of Hiroshima 13591:. Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield. 13434: 13390: 12991: 12810: 12671: 12520:. New York: Oxford University Press. 12443:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 12157: 12105: 11759: 11677:International Review of the Red Cross 11669: 11580: 11490:"Nagasaki History Facts and Timeline" 11317: 11305: 11060:from the original on 15 December 2017 10991: 10650:Broad, William J. (13 October 1992). 10649: 10461: 10392:"The American Spectator, Volume 35". 10341:Radiation Effects Research Foundation 10252:Radiation Effects Research Foundation 9935: 9784: 9646: 9423: 8922: 8564: 8442: 8415: 8073: 7955:Slavick, Elin O'Hara (27 July 2009). 7841: 7671: 7507: 7478: 7264: 7179:Radiation Effects Research Foundation 7154: 6943: 6915: 6870:Harry S. Truman, Diary, July 25, 1945 6696: 6586: 6550: 6538: 6499: 6446: 6389: 6197: 6135:"Factsheets: 509th Operational Group" 6109: 6097: 6048: 6024: 6012: 5555: 5293: 5219:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 4825:Hiroshima was subsequently struck by 4704: 4696: 4510:Investigations into brain development 4500:Radiation Effects Research Foundation 4396:Radiation Effects Research Foundation 4360:Radiation Effects Research Foundation 4337:suppresses the white blood cell count 3705:Radiation Effects Research Foundation 2978:issued for Hiroshima and neighboring 2898:Corpse near the Western Parade Ground 2688:Radiation Effects Research Foundation 1401:strategic bombing during World War II 1291: 811:. This undertaking was preceded by a 788:. The Japanese government signed the 246: 25642: 20721:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 19753:Rape during the liberation of France 16881:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 16637:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 14492:The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb 14052: 13652: 13469: 13410:The Japanese Army 1931–45: 2 1942–45 13275: 12947:Britain and Atomic Energy, 1935–1945 12792:Fiévé, Nicolas; Waley, Paul (2003). 12769:. New York; London: Bloomsbury USA. 12701: 12556: 12532: 12484: 11849: 11782: 11649: 11470:(in Japanese). Hiroshima Peace Media 10515: 10382: 10161: 10009:"ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME IN HUMANS" 9622: 9561:Nakashima, Leslie (27 August 1945). 9350:Wellerstein, Alex (16 August 2013). 8861: 8753: 8457: 8427: 8112:"Memories of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 6647: 6338:Air Force Historical Research Agency 6000: 5952: 5940: 5916: 5775:Laurence M. Vance (14 August 2009). 5748: 5571:. Harry S. Truman Library and Museum 5509:. Part III (note 24). Archived from 5489: 5417: 5378: 4294:is not unusual, being common to all 4118:, but the Hiroshima-based magazine, 3516:, who was piloting the support B-29 3227:intercepted the cabinet's messages. 3078:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff 2343:was accompanied by two other B-29s: 2161:, California, on 16 July aboard the 1973:Consultation with Britain and Canada 1725: 1620:Wendover for his training base over 1482:director, with a map of the Far East 1210:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 26084: 18289:Democratic National Convention 1944 18108:Presidential Succession Act of 1947 17997:National Institute of Mental Health 17632:Vice President of the United States 17604: 17549:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 16791:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 16406: 15654:Hiroshima & Nagasaki Remembered 15524:Hiroshima – 1945 – Movietone Moment 15140:. Tokyo: Kosei Publishing Company. 15005:. Buchanan, Michigan: 509th Press. 14822:The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb 14791:. Atomic Heritage Foundation. 2016. 14038:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 13786: 13376:. Walnutt Creek: Left Coast Press. 13047: 12618:The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki 12294: 11643: 11287:from the original on 7 January 2010 9110:"Nagasaki marks tragic anniversary" 9102: 8910: 8179: 8098: 8061: 8049: 7795:from the original on 29 August 2005 7722: 7718:. Harper and Row. pp. 187–189. 7260:from the original on 6 August 2021. 7046:Goldstein, Dillon & Wenger 1995 6931: 6918:, pp. 233–234. The meaning of 4793: 4765: 4516:Radiation-induced cognitive decline 4365: 4185:did not believe the news at first. 3443:Strike observation and photography 3034:Japanese realization of the bombing 2502:Strike observation and photography 2406:Weather reconnaissance (Hiroshima) 2118:(Imperial institution and national 1548:to organize and head the project's 1042:. Worried by the losses sustained, 24: 22762:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 22752:Assassination of James A. Garfield 20947:German invasion of the Netherlands 19227:Weather events during World War II 18693:Hispanic Americans in World War II 18599:American music during World War II 16147:Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 15384:. National Science Digital Library 14802:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 14780: 14535:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1990.tb00078.x 14517:Walker, J. Samuel (January 1990). 14494:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. 14084:. New York: Taylor & Francis. 13953:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 13021:Intelligence and National Security 11906:Reichmann, Kelsey (16 June 2019). 11614:. Associated Press. 14 August 2010 11330:Palmer, David (20 February 2008). 10793:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10877.x 10671:Journal of Radiological Protection 10581:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1989.tb00751.x 10518:Journal of Radiological Protection 10473:National Research Council (1990). 9522:Haynes, Danielle (6 August 2015). 9325:"Lawrence Litz's Interview (2012)" 8685:. 23 November 2015. Archived from 8001:from the original on 16 April 2007 7545:United States Department of Energy 6416:from the original on 8 August 2005 6217:from the original on 9 August 2006 5160:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 4800:Anti-Korean sentiment § Japan 4730:If they discuss their background, 4554:of approximately "0.09" to "0.15" 4377:of some five years and above, and 3584:University of California, Berkeley 3425:Blast measurement instrumentation 3383:Weather reconnaissance (Nagasaki) 3276:difficult to locate at night with 3104: 3071:The Tokyo control operator of the 2484:Blast measurement instrumentation 2442:Weather reconnaissance (Nagasaki) 1452:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service 1448:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service 25: 26224: 22794:Assassination of William McKinley 21578:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 18698:Native Americans and World War II 17852:National Security Resources Board 15589: 15264: 15237: 15119:. Tokyo: Kodansha International. 15064:O'Brien, Phillips Payson (2019). 14656:White, Geoffrey. M. (July 1995). 14423:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14145:. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe. 13918:My Life Between Japan And America 13787:Orr, James J. (2008). "Review of 13711:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 12561:. In Cooling, B. Franklin (ed.). 12359:. Tokyo: Kodansha International. 12268:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 11932:from the original on 2 July 2019. 10992:Heath, Clark W. (5 August 1992). 10959:Matsubara, Hiroshi (8 May 2001). 10876:Soejima, Hideki (7 August 2024). 10822:Mochizuki, Toma (6 August 2024). 9757:Richie, Donald (16 August 2013). 7842:Broad, William J. (23 May 2016). 7745:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 7716:At Work in the Fields of the Bomb 7414: 7248:Nathan, Richard (6 August 2021). 809:invasion of the Japanese mainland 26203:History of the Manhattan Project 26140: 26128: 26116: 24501: 24492: 24491: 24456: 24455: 23013:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 22806:Nadir of American race relations 22685:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 22138: 18910: 18715: 18644:Internment of Japanese Americans 18535: 18534: 17891:Joint Long Range Proving Grounds 17692:State of the Union Address (1946 17249:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 16512: 16363: 16362: 15616: 15533: 14965:Gosling, Francis George (1994). 14564:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2005.00476.x 13476:. New York: Donald I. Fine Inc. 12949:. London: Macmillan Publishing. 12377:(2004). "The Atomic Plague". In 12072: 12042: 12024: 12010: 11936: 11918: 11899: 11843: 11776: 11739: 11711: 11663: 11626: 11598: 11586: 11482: 11438: 11412: 11394:"Peace Memorial City, Hiroshima" 11386: 11323: 11311: 11273: 11247: 11174: 11148: 11123: 11072: 11024: 11010:10.1001/jama.1992.03490050109039 10985: 10952: 10932:Simons, Lewis M. (7 June 1984). 10925: 10897: 10869: 10841: 10815: 10772: 10713: 10662: 10643: 10596: 10509: 10446: 10412: 10359: 10329: 10296: 10270: 10214: 10174: 10155: 10132: 10068:Putnam, Frank W. (12 May 1998). 10061: 10029: 10000: 9967: 9953: 9750: 9696: 9596: 9587: 9554: 9515: 9481: 9455: 9429: 9343: 9317: 9190: 9168: 9130: 9074: 9048: 9016: 8988: 8958: 8928: 8723:. The Atomic Heritage Foundation 8671: 8659:Kleeman, Sophie (29 July 2014). 8652: 8363: 8321: 8256: 8230:Mitchell, Greg (5 August 2011). 8223: 8185: 8145: 8104: 8067: 8013: 7983: 7948: 7917: 7887: 7807: 7777: 7707: 7692: 7677: 7533: 7515:. Los Alamos National Laboratory 7408: 7320: 7279:. The Atomic Heritage Foundation 7241: 6909: 6861: 6267: 5802:Joseph Coleman (10 March 2005). 5248:nine nations had nuclear weapons 5182:international humanitarian law. 5036: 4914: 4780:double explosion-affected people 4286:, and to show that, much like a 3689:, which was in fact, Victor 89. 3479:During pre-flight inspection of 3365:Weather reconnaissance (Kokura) 3149:Problems playing this file? See 3120: 3054: 3042: 2915: 2903: 2891: 2879: 2867: 2855: 2843: 2827: 2815: 2803: 2788: 2772: 2756: 2744: 2732: 2634:People on the ground reported a 2424:Weather reconnaissance (Kokura) 1568:that used plutonium-239, called 1315:became ready for use in combat. 1306:A B-29 over Osaka on 1 June 1945 52: 22715:First transcontinental railroad 18639:Internment of Italian Americans 18173:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952 18102:Housing and Home Finance Agency 17264:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 15640:Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum 13372:Johnston, Barbara Rose (2008). 12919:. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's. 12677:Hiroshima in History and Memory 12542:History of the Second World War 12300:Hiroshima in History and Memory 12112:History of the Second World War 12056:. 9 August 2020. Archived from 11446:"Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park" 10248:"Frequently Asked Questions #2" 9738:. From the Archives. p. 66 9032:. 5 August 2005. Archived from 8335:. 6 August 1945. Archived from 7899:Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum 6837: 6803: 6734: 6464: 6323: 6261: 6153: 6082:Gross Domestic Product deflator 5795: 5768: 5561: 5495: 4989:former Urakami Cathedral Belfry 4840:Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum 4344:Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission 4308:Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission 3652:pilots standing on the brakes, 3194:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 1969:..." Hiroshima was not listed. 1751:from the USAAF; and scientists 1582: 1577:Japanese nuclear weapon program 272: 231:Total killed (by end of 1945): 21825:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 19535:Territorial changes of Germany 19443:Indonesian National Revolution 18634:Internment of German Americans 18619:New Mexico during World War II 17942:Office of Defense Mobilization 17930:Defense Production Act of 1950 17802:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act 17621:President of the United States 17519:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 16632:Imperial Rescript on Education 15245:New England Journal of History 14315:. New York: Quill Publishing. 13921:. New York: Harper & Row. 12882:The Effects of Nuclear Weapons 12288:10.1080/00963402.1986.11459388 11181:Voosen, Paul (11 April 2011). 10781:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 10366:Voosen, Paul (11 April 2011). 10235:Peterson & Abrahamson 1998 9759:"The pure horror of Hiroshima" 9728:Angell, Roger (31 July 1995). 9667:"The Great Hiroshima Cover-Up" 8523:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977 8218:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977 8140:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977 7570:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977 7508:Malik, John (September 1985). 7467:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977 7455:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977 7443:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977 7126:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977 7114:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977 6956:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977 5287: 5164:international humanitarian law 5019:Sannō shrine second torii gate 4969:in 2016. These sites include: 4933:seen in the left of the image. 4820: 4506:in the children of survivors. 4296:second- and third-degree burns 3888:attempted military coup d'état 3160:the German atomic bomb project 3073:Japan Broadcasting Corporation 2965:Most elements of the Japanese 2874:A victim with whole body burns 2862:A victim with whole body burns 1941:Japanese opposition to the war 1845:U.S. Army Intelligence Service 1813:would create effective damage. 1560:that used uranium-235, called 1237:commissioned his own study by 952: 925:effects of the atomic bombings 887:Imperial Japanese armed forces 13: 1: 26208:Presidency of Harry S. Truman 21225:Japanese invasion of Thailand 21176:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 20940:German invasion of Luxembourg 19321:Mediterranean and Middle East 18703:Puerto Ricans in World War II 18660:Women Airforce Service Pilots 18583:United States in World War II 18424:Backstairs at the White House 18208:Missouri Office and Courtroom 18161:Unrelated Business Income Tax 18077:Legislative Reference Service 18009:U.S. Atomic Energy Commission 17832:National Security Act of 1947 16965:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 16871:Imperial General Headquarters 16462:Foreign commerce and shipping 15342:U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey 15085:10.1080/01402390.2018.1559150 14490:Wainstock, Dennis D. (1996). 13950:The Making of the Atomic Bomb 13915:Reischauer, Edwin O. (1986). 13863:. New York: Walker & Co. 13732:Truman and the Hiroshima Cult 13412:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 13124:; Anderson, Oscar E. (1962). 12458:Christman, Albert B. (1998). 12408:Campbell, Richard H. (2005). 12098: 10183:Radiation Effects and Sources 7991:"Testimony of Akiko Takakura" 6063:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 4938: 4885:Fukuromachi Elementary School 4832:Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park 4631:radiation dose reconstruction 4187:Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker 4073:. Less than a week after his 2886:Victim with burns on her back 2228:Hiroshima during World War II 1566:implosion-type nuclear weapon 1446:and Okinawa. That month, the 1399:with incendiaries. Like most 1389:United States Army Air Forces 947: 863:United States Army Air Forces 855:implosion-type nuclear weapon 23883:Hispanic and Latino American 22737:Second Industrial Revolution 22571:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 22277:Exploration of North America 22203:History of the United States 21132:Invasion of the Soviet Union 20821:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 20139:Independent State of Croatia 18670:Woman's Land Army of America 18021:Council of Economic Advisers 17297:Hirohito surrender broadcast 16692:Greater East Asia Conference 16307:Oppenheimer security hearing 15073:Journal of Strategic Studies 15045:Murakami, Chikayasu (2007). 15032:. New York: New Directions. 14839:Barrett, David Dean (2020). 14629:Werrell, Kenneth P. (1996). 14333:; Young, Marilyn B. (2009). 14170:Twentieth Century Literature 13570:. New York: Harper and Row. 13539:] (in Japanese). Tōkyō: 13357:. New York: Pantheon Books. 12485:Chun, Clayton K. S. (2008). 11946:. BBC News. 14 January 2020. 10082:National Academy of Sciences 9797:Michaub, Jon (8 June 2010). 8373:. Atomic Heritage Foundation 8074:Blume, Lesley M. M. (2020). 7957:"Hiroshima: A Visual Record" 7714:Del Tredici, Robert (1987). 6628:George Washington University 5188:Ryuichi Shimoda v. The State 5076:, and that they constituted 5065:The role of the bombings in 4874:Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital 4815: 4649: 4616:that surrounded the core of 4608:emitting substantially more 4552:to begin at a threshold dose 4348:National Academy of Sciences 3927: 3337: 3259:and its crew, who dropped a 3245:Nagasaki during World War II 3049:Hiroshima before the bombing 2698:, now commonly known as the 2375: 2246:" atomic bomb on Hiroshima. 2222: 2216:320th Troop Carrier Squadron 2159:Hunters Point Naval Shipyard 1526:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1113:Preparations to invade Japan 881:. The Allies called for the 831:. By July 1945, the Allies' 792:on 2 September, effectively 768:over the Japanese cities of 719:Manchuria and Northern Korea 224:8–13 Allied prisoners of war 7: 23407:Indictments of Donald Trump 22598:First Industrial Revolution 22432:Declaration of Independence 22422:Second Continental Congress 22116:End of World War II in Asia 21956:Western invasion of Germany 21463:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 21440:Second Battle of El Alamein 21010:Hundred Regiments Offensive 20982:Battle of the Mediterranean 20835:Italian invasion of Albania 19009:Air warfare of World War II 18609:Arizona during World War II 18364:Harry S. Truman Scholarship 17935:Relief of Douglas MacArthur 17866:Central Intelligence Agency 16677:Supreme Court of Judicature 15550: 15543:public domain audiobook at 15438:. Time-Life. Archived from 15269: 15257:71#1 (1998), pp. 5–32 14982:Hachiya, Michihiko (1955). 14938:Gordin, Michael D. (2007). 14035:Hiroshima: The World's Bomb 13797:Journal of Japanese Studies 13626:Lifton, Robert Jay (1991). 13613:. pp. 71–75, 209–210. 12969:. New York: Da Capo Press. 12796:. London: RoutledgeCurzon. 12357:The Day Man Lost: Hiroshima 10849:"Relief for A-bomb victims" 8027:. p. 7. Archived from 6904:Hewlett & Anderson 1962 6892:Hewlett & Anderson 1962 6786:Hewlett & Anderson 1962 6655:Central Intelligence Agency 5749:Long, Tony (9 March 2011). 5507:Central Intelligence Agency 4946:Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum 4722: 4468:statistically insignificant 4419:Birth defect investigations 4342:In the spring of 1948, the 3992:Leslie Nakashima, a former 3588:weapons of mass destruction 3437:Major James I. Hopkins, Jr. 3377:Captain Charles F. McKnight 3359:Captain George W. Marquardt 3239: 2609:considered very inefficient 2514:Captain Charles F. McKnight 2496:Captain George W. Marquardt 2071:The 16 July success of the 1925: 1183:U.S. Army propaganda poster 1052:returned to the Philippines 1050:In the Pacific, the Allies 821:war in the European theatre 517:Dutch East Indies (1941–42) 474:Strategic bombing (1944–45) 10: 26229: 26183:August 1945 events in Asia 24004: 23766: 23428: 23299:Killing of Osama bin Laden 22387:First Continental Congress 22232: 22042:Naval bombardment of Japan 21410:First Battle of El Alamein 21329:Battle of Christmas Island 21274:Japanese invasion of Burma 21038:Italian invasion of Greece 20954:German invasion of Belgium 20926:German invasion of Denmark 20899:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 20768:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 19032:Comparative military ranks 18614:Nevada during World War II 17991:National Mental Health Act 17948:Science Advisory Committee 17837:U.S. Department of Defense 17744:Presidential Proclamations 17640:U.S. Senator from Missouri 17388:Second Philippine Republic 17161:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 15330: 15255:The New England Quarterly, 15193:10.1162/isec.2007.31.4.162 15164:. New York: W. W. Norton. 14914:. New York: Random House. 14235:Sklar, Morty, ed. (1984). 14032:Rotter, Andrew J. (2008). 13793:The End of the Pacific War 13730:Newman, Robert P. (1995). 13531:; Yoshitake, Oka (1966). 13470:Kerr, E. Bartlett (1991). 13211:Hixson, Walter L. (2002). 12818:. New York: Random House. 10691:10.1088/0952-4746/22/4/302 10538:10.1088/0952-4746/12/2/005 10441:Krimsky & Shorett 2005 10313:10.1002/9780470515006.ch11 9568:United Press International 9529:United Press International 9352:"The Third Core's Revenge" 9163:Glasstone & Dolan 1977 7924:Kato, Toru (4 June 1999). 5294:Asada, Sadao (June 2007). 5209: 5151: 5058: 4948:opened in the mid-1990s. 4797: 4655: 4569:8 weeks, that is prior to 4513: 4238: 3931: 3821: 3766: 3095: 3020:to the Aioi Bridge by the 2064: 1660:engines, Curtiss Electric 1498:German atomic bomb project 1485: 1295: 1116: 956: 666:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands 205:12 Allied prisoners of war 26075: 26040: 26009: 25998: 25959: 25938: 25917: 25896: 25722: 25701: 25670: 25633: 25558: 25522: 25377: 25346: 25325: 25299: 25243: 25067: 24742: 24682: 24675: 24644: 24623: 24602: 24593: 24555: 24477: 24443: 24387: 24351: 24339: 24078: 24052: 24014: 24010: 23999: 23772: 23761: 23434: 23423: 23289: 23192: 23120: 23021: 22932: 22883:Wall Street Crash of 1929 22814: 22695: 22680:Emancipation Proclamation 22611: 22534: 22482: 22449:Articles of Confederation 22402: 22287:Native American epidemics 22267: 22242: 22238: 22227: 22209: 22131: 21963:Bratislava–Brno offensive 21903: 21894:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 21631: 21518:Allied invasion of Sicily 21472: 21378:Aleutian Islands campaign 21350:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 21297: 21288:Greek famine of 1941–1944 21183:Second Battle of Changsha 21088:German invasion of Greece 21056: 20933:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 20908: 20846: 20741: 20622: 20348: 20258: 20106: 19809: 19800: 19558: 19383: 19275:North and Central Pacific 19236: 18998: 18991: 18918: 18865:Destroyers-for-bases deal 18850: 18803: 18772: 18763:Medal of Honor recipients 18724: 18713: 18683: 18652: 18589: 18501: 18486:Martha Ellen Young Truman 18466: 18387: 18379:Statue of Harry S. Truman 18336: 18269: 18261:Truman Little White House 18239:Harry S. Truman Farm Home 18226: 18190: 18084:National School Lunch Act 18004:Atomic Energy Act of 1946 17970: 17847:National Security Council 17757: 17650: 17612: 17496: 17469: 17411: 17365: 17322: 17315: 17269:Japan during World War II 17224:Pacification of Manchukuo 17194: 17124: 17116:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 17111:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 17049: 17042: 16993: 16980:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 16933: 16859: 16852: 16799: 16717: 16710: 16702:Imperial Japanese Airways 16609: 16556: 16521: 16510: 16414: 16360: 16250:Bismuth phosphate process 16245:Atomic Energy Act of 1946 16232: 16201: 16134: 15923: 15792: 15706: 15697: 15421:National Security Archive 15221:Radiology in World War II 15134:Sekimori, Gaynor (1986). 14862:. New York: Basic Books. 14718:10.1007/s00127-002-0572-5 14387:Tibbets, Paul W. (1998). 14283:The Politics of Terrorism 14107:Schaffer, Ronald (1985). 14080:Sandler, Stanley (2001). 13454:10.1163/18765610-01902004 13328:. New York: Basic Books. 13284:. New York: McGraw-Hill. 13106:. New York: M.E. Sharpe. 13055:. Sydney: HarperCollins. 13033:10.1080/02684529808432475 12731:Edwards, Pail N. (1996). 12643:Van Kirk, Theodore Jerome 11690:10.1017/S0020860400091075 11356:Ishikawa & Swain 1981 11041:World Health Organization 9691:Ishikawa & Swain 1981 9400:Kido & Yoshitake 1966 9221:, pp. 175, 203, 224. 7365:Dietz & Van Kirk 2012 7353:Dietz & Van Kirk 2012 6958:, pp. 326, 356, 370. 5931:, pp. 5, 84–85, 117. 5394:Brooks & Stanley 2007 5205: 5024: 5009: 4994: 4979: 4688: 4536:severe mental retardation 4352:National Research Council 3884:capitulation announcement 3014:-class suicide motorboats 2654: 2641: 2206:. The core departed from 1999:Combined Policy Committee 1843:, a Japan expert for the 1692:made brief port calls at 1650:393d Bombardment Squadron 1588:Organization and training 1405:undermine civilian morale 1313:Boeing B-29 Superfortress 1125:surrender of Nazi Germany 871:Boeing B-29 Superfortress 282: 188: 164: 156: 77: 67: 51: 39: 34: 26168:1945 in military history 24565:Aerial bombing of cities 24369:Northern Mariana Islands 22942:Strike wave of 1945–1946 21555:Allied invasion of Italy 21532:Solomon Islands campaign 21281:Third Battle of Changsha 20878:First Battle of Changsha 20784:Second Sino-Japanese War 19724:German military brothels 19590:United States war crimes 18852:Diplomatic participation 18359:Truman Dam and Reservoir 18135:Agricultural Act of 1949 18119:Agricultural Act of 1948 17961:National Security Agency 17244:Second Sino-Japanese War 17186:Racial Equality Proposal 16766:Agriculture and Commerce 15628:3 September 2009 at the 15115:Ogura, Toyofumi (2001). 14929:Gallichio, Marc (2020). 14687:Williams, M. H. (1960). 14053:Russ, Harlow W. (1990). 13541:Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai 13532: 13435:Kelly, Jason M. (2012). 13156:; Holl, Jack M. (1989). 13127:The New World, 1939–1946 12852:Giangreco, D.M. (2009). 12837:. Tōkyō: Ōtsuki Shoten. 12833:Fujiwara, Akira (1991). 12702:Drea, Edward J. (1992). 12512:Compton, Arthur (1956). 12317:Bodden, Valerie (2007). 12130:Okinawa: The Last Battle 12020:. CBC News. 7 July 2017. 11672:"The Law of Air Warfare" 11557:Selden & Selden 1990 11545:Jowett & Andrew 2002 11043:. 2013. pp. 23–24. 10455:Press Institute of India 9605:"The Hiroshima Cover-Up" 9299:"Paul Tibbets Interview" 9060:News from Indian Country 8288:Knebel & Bailey 1960 7926:"A Short-Sighted Parrot" 6742: 6194:, pp. 163, 167–168. 6112:, pp. 511–516, 522. 6039:, pp. 40–43, 76–79. 5280: 5237:tactical nuclear weapons 4836:Hiroshima Peace Memorial 4573:or at a gestational age 4492:Johns Hopkins University 4316:acute radiation syndrome 3188:Soviet Foreign Minister 2712:Hiroshima Peace Memorial 2151: 1282:Chemical Warfare Service 753:Second Sino-Japanese War 593:Estevan Point Lighthouse 348:Indian Ocean (1941–1945) 299:Marshalls–Gilberts raids 199:80,000–156,000 civilians 26173:1945 in the environment 23904:Middle Eastern American 23721:Technology and industry 22591:Seneca Falls Convention 22392:Continental Association 22292:Settlement of Jamestown 21977:Second Guangxi campaign 21832:Philippines (1944–1945) 21336:Battle of the Coral Sea 21239:Fall of the Philippines 20885:Battle of South Guangxi 20791:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 20197:Italian Social Republic 18507:← Franklin D. Roosevelt 18443:(1997 documentary film) 18354:Harry S Truman Building 18072:Federal Tort Claims Act 17156:Washington Naval Treaty 17101:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 17086:First Sino-Japanese War 16905:Nuclear weapons program 16647:Great Japan Youth Party 16574:National seals of Japan 16327:S-1 Executive Committee 16275:Einstein–Szilard letter 15028:Merton, Thomas (1962). 14444:10.5194/acp-7-1973-2007 14389:Return Of The Enola Gay 14337:. New York: New Press. 14285:. New York: M. Dekker. 14281:Stohl, Michael (1979). 13857:Preston, Diana (2005). 13391:Jones, Vincent (1985). 13276:Hoyt, Edwin P. (2001). 13215:. New York: Routledge. 12559:"Air War Against Japan" 12557:Coox, Alvin D. (1994). 12439:Carroll, James (2007). 11993:Hewlett & Holl 1989 11283:. CNN. 8 January 2010. 11212:Yamada & Izumi 2002 10099:10.1073/pnas.95.10.5426 9563:"Hiroshima as I saw it" 8615:"The Story of Nagasaki" 7583:"The Bomb-"Little Boy"" 7377:Lewis & Tolzer 1957 5929:Tanaka & Young 2009 5200:Treaty of San Francisco 4100:U.S. military policeman 3853:Chief Cabinet Secretary 3808:Albuquerque, New Mexico 3629:Urakami Tenshudo Church 3263:atomic bomb on Nagasaki 2208:Kirtland Army Air Field 1954:shock in the leadership 1876:In early May 1945, the 1606:Wendover Army Air Field 1558:gun-type fission weapon 1502:Einstein–Szilard letter 1467:Atomic bomb development 883:unconditional surrender 844:gun-type fission weapon 823:concluded when Germany 790:instrument of surrender 355:Japanese merchant raids 218:60,000–80,000 civilians 24570:Area bombing directive 24024:Admission to the Union 23390:Afghanistan withdrawal 23385:January 6 insurrection 23304:Rise in mass shootings 23276:Virginia Tech shooting 22829:Paris Peace Conference 22603:Second Great Awakening 22342:American Enlightenment 21562:Armistice of Cassibile 21364:Battle of Dutch Harbor 21315:Battle of the Java Sea 21218:Attack on Pearl Harbor 21118:Syria–Lebanon campaign 21111:Battle of South Shanxi 21081:Invasion of Yugoslavia 20864:Battle of the Atlantic 20478:Korean Liberation Army 20191:(until September 1943) 20148:(until September 1944) 20126:(until September 1944) 18785:Attack on Pearl Harbor 18726:Military participation 18514:Dwight D. Eisenhower → 18016:Employment Act of 1946 17910:Revolt of the Admirals 17234:Motherland controversy 17204:Shōwa financial crisis 16996:Imperial Japanese Navy 16936:Imperial Japanese Army 16667:Peace Preservation Law 15769:Salt Wells Pilot Plant 15400:. Atomic Archive. 1946 15348:. 1946. Archived from 15181:International Security 14820:; Tree, Sanho (1996). 14752:; Noon, Steve (2010). 13758:Nichols, Kenneth David 13243:Westfall, Catherine L. 12992:Gruhl, Werner (2007). 12641:Dietz, Suzanne Simon; 12220:International Security 12192:. London: Hale. 1990. 11098:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600748 10181:"What is Radiation?", 9948:Hein & Selden 1997 7224:Fiévé & Waley 2003 7075:Zaloga & Noon 2010 7036:, pp. 64–65, 163. 6832:Craven & Cate 1953 6685:Craven & Cate 1953 6306:Craven & Cate 1953 5977:Zaloga & Noon 2010 5965:Zaloga & Noon 2010 5905:Craven & Cate 1953 5893:Craven & Cate 1953 5881:Craven & Cate 1953 5845:Craven & Cate 1953 5833:Craven & Cate 1953 5737:Craven & Cate 1953 5713:Craven & Cate 1953 5701:Craven & Cate 1953 5689:Craven & Cate 1953 5677:Craven & Cate 1953 5665:Craven & Cate 1953 5653:Craven & Cate 1953 5641:Craven & Cate 1953 5629:Craven & Cate 1953 5617:Craven & Cate 1953 5333:, pp. 2–3, 49–51. 4967:National Historic Site 4676: 4443:period, is not known. 4358:. The ABCC became the 4299: 4235:Post-attack casualties 4170: 4147:The Unforgettable Fire 4019: 3972: 3951: 3918: 3909: 3900: 3812:another plutonium core 3778: 3718: 3631: 3604:s bombardier, Captain 3569:only six weeks earlier 3495: 3487:continue the mission. 3317: 3296: 3264: 3109: 3003:Korean imperial family 2943: 2765:Hiroshima Genbaku Dome 2714:and was made a UNESCO 2710:). The ruin was named 2591:, the bomb missed the 2542: 2326: 2255: 2219:arriving on 2 August. 2058: 2049: 1990: 1935: 1902: 1872:Proposed demonstration 1853: 1739: 1597: 1483: 1416:Operation Meetinghouse 1377: 1371:Operation Meetinghouse 1307: 1190: 1007: 807:prepared for a costly 654:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 498:Burma and India (1944) 321:Gilberts and Marshalls 196:90,000–166,000 killed 141:32.77361°N 129.86333°E 110:34.39472°N 132.45472°E 24016:Territorial evolution 23380:George Floyd Protests 23363:Unite the Right rally 23232:Oklahoma City bombing 23227:Republican Revolution 23174:Space Shuttle program 22996:Civil Rights Movement 22964:North Atlantic Treaty 22772:Sherman Antitrust Act 22757:Chinese Exclusion Act 22347:French and Indian War 22337:Prelude to Revolution 22322:First Great Awakening 22282:European colonization 21726:Second Battle of Guam 21622:Bengal famine of 1943 21592:Second Battle of Kiev 21548:Battle of the Dnieper 21253:Battle of Wake Island 21125:East African campaign 21067:Battle of South Henan 20712:atrocities by Germans 20485:Korean Volunteer Army 19466:Occupation of Germany 19220:Music in World War II 18492:Clifton Truman Daniel 18396:Give 'em Hell, Harry! 18369:Truman Sports Complex 18198:Early life and career 17897:North Atlantic Treaty 17873:Displaced Persons Act 17842:Joint Chiefs of Staff 17749:Eisenhower transition 17734:"The buck stops here" 17707:Judicial appointments 17680:Assassination attempt 17146:Siberian Intervention 16955:Railways and Shipping 16771:Commerce and Industry 16467:Industrial production 16347:X-10 Graphite Reactor 16302:Nobel Prize laureates 16172:509th Composite Group 14824:. New York: Vintage. 14754:Defense of Japan 1945 14689:Chronology, 1941–1945 11725:. 2010. p. 167. 10394:Saturday Evening Club 9704:"Destructive Effects" 8360:, pp. 1376–1377. 7684:Hersey, John (1946). 6648:Williams, Josette H. 6210:. National Archives. 5420:, pp. 2540–2544. 5198:government under the 4665: 4292:burn scar contracture 4273: 4164: 4009: 3966: 3944:Chicago Daily Tribune 3941: 3913: 3904: 3895: 3776: 3713: 3626: 3493: 3455:Major Ralph R. Taylor 3311: 3294: 3252: 3108: 2933: 2601:Shima Surgical Clinic 2540: 2436:Major Ralph R. Taylor 2349:, commanded by Major 2321: 2235: 2124:Japanese Home Islands 2053: 2039: 2011:Henry Maitland Wilson 1980: 1933: 1897: 1895:later recalled that: 1849: 1733: 1652:was equipped with 15 1608:, Utah, commanded by 1602:509th Composite Group 1595: 1564:, and a more complex 1550:Los Alamos Laboratory 1546:J. Robert Oppenheimer 1538:Leslie R. Groves, Jr. 1474: 1380:Hansell's successor, 1368: 1351:islands were captured 1305: 1181: 1167:Armies, as well as a 1147:, the capture of the 966: 939:, and there is still 859:509th Composite Group 799:In the final year of 564:Philippines (1944–45) 522:Philippines (1941–42) 215:60,000–80,000 killed 180:509th Composite Group 26193:History of Hiroshima 24935:Ludwigshafen / Oppau 24667:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent 23930:Palestinian American 23357:Obergefell v. Hodges 23249:September 11 attacks 23085:Second-wave feminism 23006:Cuban Missile Crisis 22866:Bath School disaster 22784:Spanish–American War 22747:The Gospel of Wealth 22626:California Gold Rush 22586:Mexican–American War 22576:Nullification crisis 22544:Era of Good Feelings 22444:Confederation period 22352:Proclamation of 1763 22302:Atlantic slave trade 22012:Surrender of Germany 21490:Battle of West Hubei 21447:Guadalcanal campaign 21417:Battle of Stalingrad 21343:Battle of Madagascar 20117:Albania protectorate 19904:(formerly Swaziland) 19613:Wehrmacht war crimes 19429:Expulsion of Germans 19213:Art and World War II 19111:British contribution 19060:Governments in exile 18399:(1975 play and film) 18315:Dewey Defeats Truman 18124:Executive Order 9981 17814:Executive Order 9835 17783:Declaration to Japan 17564:Political dissidence 17413:Occupied territories 17151:General Election Law 16975:Taiwan Army of Japan 16255:British contribution 16157:Operation Peppermint 16152:Operation Crossroads 16011:Maria Goeppert Mayer 15247:64.1 (2007): 31–48. 15049:. Tokyo: Bungeisha. 14884:. New York: Osprey. 14593:The Age of Hiroshima 14364:. London: Hamilton. 13987:Simon & Schuster 12264:Bernstein, Barton J. 12216:Bernstein, Barton J. 12160:Hiroshima in History 12145:on 26 September 2009 11559:, pp. xxx–xxxi. 11448:. Japan Deluxe Tours 11374:. Atomic Bomb Museum 11336:Asia-Pacific Journal 11193:on 25 September 2020 10568:Congenital Anomalies 10505:– via nap.edu. 10457:. 2008. p. 697. 10191:10.18356/64ea2039-en 10025:on 27 December 2016. 9730:"Hersey and History" 9706:. Atomic Bomb Museum 9443:on 15 September 2013 9282:Hoddeson et al. 1993 8970:Duke East Asia Nexus 8863:Laurence, William L. 8779:"Stories from Riken" 8766:Hoddeson et al. 1993 7961:Asia-Pacific Journal 7572:, pp. 423. 427. 6986:Hoddeson et al. 1993 6971:Hoddeson et al. 1993 6743:空襲予告ビラ、高山市民が保管市内で展示 6270:"The Luck of Kokura" 5406:Appleman et al. 1948 5148:Legal considerations 5055:Debate over bombings 4963:Registered Monuments 4706:[çibakɯ̥ꜜɕa] 4698:[çibaꜜkɯ̥ɕa] 4633:work, the estimated 4203:L'Osservatore Romano 3695:Events on the ground 3092:Events of 7–9 August 2630:Events on the ground 2418:Major John A. Wilson 2365:photography aircraft 2314:Bombing of Hiroshima 2018:, the leader of the 1985:'s order to General 1908:issued by physicist 1626:Mountain Home, Idaho 1412:firebombing of Tokyo 1374:firebombing of Tokyo 1317:Operation Matterhorn 365:Homfreyganj massacre 26198:History of Nagasaki 26010:Mandatory Palestine 24379:U.S. Virgin Islands 23865:Lithuanian American 23821:Vietnamese American 23167:End of the Cold War 23157:Invasion of Grenada 23107:Iran hostage crisis 22856:Tulsa race massacre 22663:Election of Lincoln 22658:Dred Scott decision 22646:Kansas–Nebraska Act 22549:Missouri Compromise 22467:Northwest Ordinance 22457:Pennsylvania Mutiny 22452:and Perpetual Union 22412:American Revolution 22327:War of Jenkins' Ear 22102:Potsdam Declaration 21991:Italy (Spring 1945) 21754:Liberation of Paris 21211:Siege of Sevastopol 20229:(until August 1944) 20132:Wang Jingwei regime 19954:from September 1943 19914:from September 1944 19852:from September 1944 19712:Romanian war crimes 19703:Persecution of Jews 19689:Croatian war crimes 19659:Japanese war crimes 19473:Occupation of Japan 19422:First Indochina War 19134:Military production 19046:Declarations of war 18474:Bess Wallace Truman 18374:U.S. Postage stamps 18168:Revenue Act of 1951 18151:Revenue Act of 1950 18145:Dingell–Johnson Act 18140:Housing Act of 1949 18130:Revenue Act of 1948 17986:Revenue Act of 1945 17778:Agreement on Europe 17383:Wang Jingwei regime 17293:Potsdam Declaration 17284:Soviet–Japanese War 17239:Anti-Comintern Pact 17229:January 28 incident 17214:London Naval Treaty 17091:Triple Intervention 16920:Supreme War Council 16804:deliberative bodies 16016:George Kistiakowsky 15971:Charles Critchfield 15574:"Hiroshima Archive" 15352:on 16 November 2018 15281:. Wikisource. 2015. 15217:Warren, Stafford L. 14843:. Diversion Books. 14665:Asia-Pacific Issues 14435:2007ACP.....7.1973T 14135:Selden, Kyoko Iriye 13659:The Final Campaigns 13154:Hewlett, Richard G. 13122:Hewlett, Richard G. 12891:1977enw..book.....G 12596:Coster-Mullen, John 12538:Hart, Basil Liddell 12280:1986BuAtS..42f..38B 12108:Hart, Basil Liddell 12007:, pp. 319–322. 11851:Khan, Shahedul Anam 11840:, pp. 212–213. 11828:, pp. 266–267. 11646:, pp. 521–529. 11214:, pp. 409–415. 10940:. Knight-Rider News 10734:1988RadR..113....1M 10683:2002JRP....22..357H 10530:1992JRP....12...93M 10396:. 2002. p. 57. 10258:on 28 November 2010 10090:1998PNAS...95.5426P 9787:, pp. 434–452. 9469:on 12 February 2012 9426:, pp. 316–319. 9390:, pp. 209–210. 9378:, pp. 207–208. 9297:(1 November 2007). 9284:, pp. 396–397. 9272:, pp. 111–112. 9260:, pp. 149–173. 9036:on 20 December 2005 8976:on 26 February 2018 8946:on 26 February 2018 8852:, pp. 222–226. 8744:, pp. 216–217. 8710:, pp. 213–215. 8689:on 22 November 2015 8604:, pp. 204–205. 8583:on 11 February 2012 8537:, pp. 233–234. 8525:, pp. 353–354. 8445:, pp. 283–284. 8418:, pp. 288–289. 8406:, pp. 153–154. 8244:on 18 February 2017 8220:, pp. 444–445. 8142:, pp. 443–444. 8064:, pp. 330–331. 7971:on 9 September 2009 7967:(3). Archived from 7895:"Special Exhibit 3" 7674:, pp. 264–265. 7445:, pp. 391–392. 7308:on 20 December 2007 7116:, pp. 224–225. 7060:, pp. 70, 163. 6906:, pp. 395–396. 6894:, pp. 389–390. 6834:, pp. 712–713. 6788:, pp. 372–373. 6589:, pp. 255–260. 6577:, pp. 238–239. 6553:, pp. 255–256. 6526:, pp. 149–150. 6471:Wellerstein, Alex. 6461:, pp. 319–321. 6449:, pp. 183–203. 6392:, pp. 528–529. 6268:Alex, Wellerstein. 6141:on 24 February 2013 6084:figures follow the 5943:, pp. 412–414. 5907:, pp. 642–643. 5895:, pp. 614–617. 5847:, pp. 568–570. 5835:, pp. 608–610. 5783:on 13 November 2012 5739:, pp. 574–576. 5703:, pp. 558–560. 5691:, pp. 548–551. 5679:, pp. 514–521. 5667:, pp. 507–509. 5643:, pp. 169–175. 5607:, pp. 164–165. 5492:, pp. 202–225. 5480:, pp. 121–124. 5456:, pp. 169–171. 5444:, pp. 125–130. 5408:, pp. 462–467. 4896:Hiroshima City Hall 4846:, built in 1966 by 4394:, conducted by the 4214:, prohibited using 4208:Cuthbert Thicknesse 4173:The bombing amazed 4116:occupation of Japan 4061:U.S. Army Air Force 4046:radiation poisoning 4010:A telegram sent by 3948:Pearl Harbor Attack 3828:Occupation of Japan 3661:William L. Laurence 3580:University of Tokyo 3334: 3304:Bombing of Nagasaki 2967:Second General Army 2850:A victim with burns 2797:thermal flash burns 2779:The pattern of the 2716:World Heritage Site 2372: 2296:reinforced concrete 2267:Second General Army 2081:Potsdam Declaration 2067:Potsdam Declaration 2061:Potsdam Declaration 1841:Edwin O. Reischauer 1420:fighting on Okinawa 1095:gross register tons 1044:President Roosevelt 891:Potsdam Declaration 160:6 and 9 August 1945 146:32.77361; 129.86333 137: / 115:34.39472; 132.45472 106: / 18:Bombing of Nagasaki 26188:Explosions in 1945 26135:Nuclear technology 25286:Rotterdam (Allied) 24029:Historical regions 23985:Transgender people 23543:Capital punishment 23402:Support of Ukraine 23351:Black Lives Matter 23259:War in Afghanistan 23184:Invasion of Panama 23140:Iran–Contra affair 23001:Early–mid Cold War 22871:Harlem Renaissance 22730:Compromise of 1877 22705:Reconstruction era 22641:Fugitive Slave Act 22636:Compromise of 1850 22581:Westward expansion 22519:Louisiana Purchase 22362:Stamp Act Congress 22307:King William's War 22095:Surrender of Japan 21928:Battle of Iwo Jima 21777:Belgrade offensive 21190:Siege of Leningrad 21074:Battle of Shanggao 21003:British Somaliland 20968:Dunkirk evacuation 20919:Norwegian campaign 20857:Invasion of Poland 20684:Japanese prisoners 19652:Italian war crimes 19583:British war crimes 19498:Soviet occupations 19282:South-West Pacific 19169:Allied cooperation 19127:Military equipment 18831:Japanese Americans 18665:Women's Army Corps 18527:Alben W. Barkley → 18522:← Henry A. Wallace 18156:Excess profits tax 18028:Flood Control Acts 17879:Key West Agreement 17772:Potsdam Conference 17106:Russo-Japanese War 17076:Two Lords Incident 16731:Imperial Household 16081:Henry DeWolf Smyth 15860:Robert Oppenheimer 15815:Priscilla Duffield 15558:"Nagasaki Archive" 14799:Code-Name Downfall 14552:Diplomatic History 14523:Diplomatic History 14206:Sherwin, Martin J. 13809:10.1353/jjs.0.0036 13079:Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi 13053:Hiroshima Nagasaki 12489:. Oxford: Osprey. 11571:, pp. 97–114. 11400:on 6 February 2008 10656:The New York Times 10168:10.21236/ada308549 9896:"No Abbey Service" 9356:nuclearsecrecy.com 9200:. City of Nagasaki 9178:. City of Nagasaki 9144:on 5 November 2018 8816:, pp. 43, 46. 8492:on 5 November 2018 8371:"Warning Leaflets" 8290:, pp. 175–201 8031:on 1 February 2016 7997:. Atomic Archive. 7849:The New York Times 7765:on 1 February 2016 7528:Hubbell et al 1969 7415:Rosen, Rebecca J. 7254:Red Circle Authors 7095:on 11 October 2004 7010:Coster-Mullen 2012 6998:Coster-Mullen 2012 6750:on 12 October 2013 6347:on 27 January 2012 6173:on 27 January 2012 4677: 4581:radiation energy. 4410:and 11 percent of 4300: 4171: 4086:Daniel A. McGovern 4070:Chicago Daily News 4052:The New York Times 4020: 4014:, delegate of the 3999:The New York Times 3973: 3969:Daniel A. McGovern 3952: 3942:The front page of 3856:Hisatsune Sakomizu 3824:Surrender of Japan 3797:Operation Downfall 3779: 3745:was available, no 3719: 3666:The New York Times 3632: 3496: 3397:Charles W. Sweeney 3330: 3318: 3297: 3265: 3225:Magic codebreakers 3190:Vyacheslav Molotov 3139:Potsdam Conference 3110: 3001:, a prince of the 2944: 2751:Ruins of Hiroshima 2675:radiation sickness 2670:Yoshito Matsushige 2553:, 261 en route to 2543: 2477:Charles W. Sweeney 2399:Claude R. Eatherly 2370: 2327: 2294:contained several 2287:anti-aircraft guns 2256: 2024:Potsdam Conference 2022:, at the upcoming 1991: 1936: 1882:nuclear technology 1769:Frederick Ashworth 1740: 1720:William S. Parsons 1716:William R. Purnell 1622:Great Bend, Kansas 1598: 1484: 1378: 1355:XXI Bomber Command 1331:Haywood S. Hansell 1308: 1298:Air raids on Japan 1292:Air raids on Japan 1286:biological weapons 1247:George C. Marshall 1191: 1169:Commonwealth Corps 1129:Operation Downfall 1119:Operation Downfall 1040:Ardennes Offensive 1029:military personnel 1008: 930:radiation sickness 873:, and deployed to 817:operation on Tokyo 712:Japanese surrender 678:Naval bombardments 608:Fire balloon bombs 331:Volcano and Ryukyu 326:Marianas and Palau 26104: 26103: 26100: 26099: 26071: 26070: 26000:Mediterranean and 25994: 25993: 25892: 25891: 25629: 25628: 25402:Barrow-in-Furness 25387:Battle of Britain 25063: 25062: 24840:Freiburg (Allies) 24580:Strategic bombing 24515: 24514: 24473: 24472: 24469: 24468: 24034:American frontier 23995: 23994: 23925:Lebanese American 23910:Egyptian American 23845:Estonian American 23835:Albanian American 23829:European American 23806:Japanese American 23796:Filipino American 23757: 23756: 23419: 23418: 23415: 23414: 23368:COVID-19 pandemic 23271:Hurricane Katrina 23212:Los Angeles riots 23102:Watergate scandal 22947:Start of Cold War 22915:Manhattan Project 22502:Whiskey Rebellion 22332:King George's War 22297:Thirteen Colonies 22258:Pre-Columbian Era 22169: 22168: 22127: 22126: 21970:Battle of Okinawa 21869:Burma (1944–1945) 21703:Mariana and Palau 21483:Tunisian campaign 21308:Fall of Singapore 21232:Fall of Hong Kong 20975:Battle of Britain 20828:Operation Himmler 20737: 20736: 20401:Dutch East Indies 20044:Southern Rhodesia 19796: 19795: 19696:Genocide of Serbs 19599:German war crimes 19576:Soviet war crimes 19569:Allied war crimes 19415:Division of Korea 19394:Chinese Civil War 19192:Strategic bombing 19104:Manhattan Project 18878: 18877: 18846: 18845: 18826:Chinese Americans 18811:African Americans 18790:Normandy landings 18711: 18710: 18675:Rosie the Riveter 18549: 18548: 18427:(1979 miniseries) 18249:Historic District 18186: 18185: 18178:1952 steel strike 18050:Fulbright Program 17826:Hoover Commission 17572: 17571: 17544:Socialist thought 17492: 17491: 17431:Dutch East Indies 17393:Empire of Vietnam 17311: 17310: 17081:Satsuma Rebellion 17061:Meiji Restoration 17038: 17037: 16848: 16847: 16786:Greater East Asia 16672:Political parties 16627:Foreign relations 16374: 16373: 16296:Los Alamos Primer 16285:Interim Committee 16240:African Americans 16192:The Great Artiste 16051:Isidor Isaac Rabi 16046:Norman Ramsey Jr. 15845:Franklin Matthias 15784:Heavy water sites 15691:Manhattan Project 15297:on 5 October 2011 15171:978-0-393-08065-0 15147:978-4-333-01204-6 15126:978-4-7700-2776-4 15056:978-4-286-03708-0 15012:978-0-923568-66-5 14993:978-0-80784-547-9 14949:978-0-691-12818-4 14921:978-0-399-58925-6 14891:978-1-84603-396-4 14878:Delgado, James P. 14869:978-0-465-02985-3 14850:978-1-63576-581-6 14831:978-0-679-76285-0 14809:978-0-684-80406-4 14763:978-1-84603-687-3 14750:Zaloga, Steven J. 14640:978-1-56098-665-2 14606:978-0-691-19344-1 14588:Wellerstein, Alex 14501:978-0-275-95475-8 14398:978-0-9703666-0-3 14371:978-0-241-89726-3 14362:Ruin from the Air 14344:978-1-59558-547-9 14322:978-0-380-78874-3 14292:978-0-8247-6764-8 14273:978-0-415-32292-8 14246:978-0-930370-16-9 14219:978-0-8047-3957-3 14152:978-0-87332-773-2 14118:978-0-19-503629-9 14091:978-0-8153-1883-5 14064:978-0-944482-01-8 14045:978-0-19-280437-2 13996:978-0-68-480400-2 13928:978-0-06-039054-9 13870:978-0-8027-1445-9 13741:978-0-87013-403-6 13701:978-1-4379-1286-9 13637:978-0-8078-4344-4 13598:978-0-7425-4341-6 13550:978-4-13-030012-4 13537:Kido Kōichi Diary 13515:on 10 August 2015 13483:978-1-55611-301-7 13419:978-1-84176-354-5 13383:978-1-59874-346-3 13364:978-0-394-74823-8 13335:978-0-465-02985-3 13291:978-0-8154-1118-5 13260:978-0-521-44132-2 13239:Hoddeson, Lillian 13222:978-0-415-94035-1 13172:978-0-520-06018-0 13113:978-1-56324-967-9 13094:978-0-674-01693-4 13062:978-0-7322-8845-7 13003:978-0-7658-0352-8 12976:978-0-306-80189-1 12926:978-1-57488-033-5 12863:978-1-59114-316-1 12844:978-4-272-52022-0 12825:978-0-679-41424-7 12812:Frank, Richard B. 12803:978-0-7007-1409-4 12776:978-1-60819-670-8 12746:978-0-262-55028-4 12715:978-0-7006-0504-0 12686:978-0-521-56682-7 12656:978-0-692-01676-3 12572:978-0-912799-63-6 12496:978-1-84603-284-4 12469:978-1-55750-120-2 12450:978-0-618-87201-5 12423:978-0-7864-2139-8 12392:978-0-224-06288-6 12375:Burchett, Wilfred 12366:978-0-87011-471-7 12347:978-0-8047-5399-9 12328:978-1-58341-545-0 12309:978-0-521-56682-7 12199:978-0-7090-3991-4 12169:978-0-8262-1962-6 12060:on 31 August 2020 12036:The Asahi Shimbun 11983:, pp. 80–82. 11853:(6 August 2017). 11732:978-1-8454-5844-7 11547:, pp. 23–24. 11468:"ヒロシマの記録 1981 1月" 11426:on 30 August 2007 11162:on 9 October 2014 11050:978-92-4-150513-0 10973:on 10 August 2007 10883:The Asahi Shimbun 10625:10.1148/106.3.617 10494:978-0-309-03995-6 10322:978-0-470-51500-6 10200:978-92-1-059959-7 9950:, pp. 25–26. 9876:on 23 August 2013 9665:(7 August 2009). 9609:The Baltimore Sun 9584:, pp. 10–25. 9305:on 13 August 2020 8936:"Yosuke Yamahata" 8925:, pp. 56–60. 8460:, pp. 64–65. 8116:The Asahi Shimbun 8085:978-1-982128-51-7 7739:(4 August 2020). 7737:Wellerstein, Alex 7703:. Pantheon Books. 7498:, pp. 42–43. 7024:, pp. 38–40. 6630:. 13 August 1945. 6514:, pp. 67–68. 6320:, pp. 14–15. 6124:, pp. 50–52. 6100:, pp. 82–84. 5991:, pp. 79–80. 5979:, pp. 58–59. 5814:on 27 August 2011 5727:, pp. 24–26. 5655:, pp. 29–31. 5631:, pp. 22–24. 5546:, pp. 98–99. 5468:, pp. 45–48. 5432:, pp. 32–34. 5396:, pp. 41–44. 5381:, pp. 48–49. 5307:978-0-8262-6569-2 5086:Tsuyoshi Hasegawa 5067:Japan's surrender 4907:Hiroshima Station 4848:Nipponzan-Myōhōji 4784:Tsutomu Yamaguchi 4703: 4271: 4212:dean of St Albans 4183:Werner Heisenberg 4179:Operation Epsilon 4162: 3964: 3687:The Great Artiste 3679:The Great Artiste 3671:The Great Artiste 3576:The Great Artiste 3557:The Great Artiste 3534:The Great Artiste 3532:, accompanied by 3518:The Great Artiste 3514:Frederick C. Bock 3465: 3464: 3418:Frederick C. Bock 3411:The Great Artiste 3132: 3028:Kyushu University 2836:Andersonville NHS 2767:after the bombing 2724:Hiroshima bombing 2561:and 66 bound for 2557:, 111 headed for 2532:Morris R. Jeppson 2529:Second Lieutenant 2524: 2523: 2470:The Great Artiste 2346:The Great Artiste 2204:neutron reflector 2183:, along with its 2135:Winston Churchill 2104:Cairo Declaration 1958:Robert Jay Lifton 1878:Interim Committee 1773:Richard C. Tolman 1749:David M. Dennison 1726:Choice of targets 1706:Brigadier General 1534:Manhattan Project 1518:neutron moderator 1492:The discovery of 1488:Manhattan Project 1480:Manhattan Project 1424:aircraft carriers 1360:precision bombing 1328:Brigadier General 1274:cyanogen chloride 1198:Operation Ketsugō 1194:Japan's geography 1145:Operation Coronet 1133:Operation Olympic 1072:landed on Okinawa 1036:wounded in action 833:Manhattan Project 778:Japan surrendered 761: 760: 603:Lookout Air Raids 510:Southwest Pacific 241: 240: 175:Manhattan Project 16:(Redirected from 26220: 26145: 26144: 26143: 26133: 26132: 26131: 26121: 26120: 26119: 26112: 26082: 26081: 26007: 26006: 25904:Allied Singapore 25873: 25872: 25640: 25639: 25598:(Czechoslovakia) 25281:Rotterdam (Axis) 24680: 24679: 24600: 24599: 24595:European theatre 24560:Area bombardment 24542: 24535: 24528: 24519: 24518: 24505: 24495: 24494: 24459: 24458: 24388:Outlying islands 24345:Washington, D.C. 24340:Federal District 24039:Manifest destiny 24012: 24011: 24001: 24000: 23943:Native Americans 23915:Iranian American 23889:Mexican American 23875:Serbian American 23860:Italian American 23850:Finnish American 23840:English American 23791:Chinese American 23778:African American 23763: 23762: 23568:Direct democracy 23558:The Constitution 23517:Higher education 23440:American Century 23425: 23424: 22878:Great Depression 22851:Women's suffrage 22841:Roaring Twenties 22767:Haymarket affair 22725:Enforcement Acts 22514:Jeffersonian era 22462:Shays' Rebellion 22382:Intolerable Acts 22377:Boston Tea Party 22312:Queen Anne's War 22240: 22239: 22229: 22228: 22196: 22189: 22182: 22173: 22172: 22162: 22155: 22148: 22145:World portal 22143: 22142: 22118: 22111: 22104: 22097: 22088: 22081: 22074: 22065: 22058: 22051: 22044: 22037: 22030: 22021: 22014: 22007: 22005:Prague offensive 22000: 21998:Battle of Berlin 21993: 21986: 21979: 21972: 21965: 21958: 21951: 21944: 21942:Vienna offensive 21937: 21930: 21923: 21921:Battle of Manila 21916: 21896: 21887: 21878: 21871: 21862: 21855: 21848: 21841: 21834: 21827: 21820: 21811: 21802: 21795: 21786: 21779: 21772: 21765: 21756: 21749: 21742: 21735: 21728: 21721: 21714: 21705: 21698: 21689: 21680: 21671: 21664: 21662:Korsun–Cherkassy 21657: 21646: 21624: 21615: 21608: 21601: 21594: 21587: 21580: 21573: 21564: 21557: 21550: 21543: 21534: 21527: 21520: 21513: 21506: 21504:Bombing of Gorky 21499: 21492: 21485: 21465: 21458: 21449: 21442: 21435: 21426: 21419: 21412: 21405: 21394: 21387: 21380: 21373: 21371:Battle of Midway 21366: 21359: 21357:Battle of Gazala 21352: 21345: 21338: 21331: 21324: 21317: 21310: 21290: 21283: 21276: 21269: 21267:Battle of Borneo 21262: 21260:Malayan campaign 21255: 21248: 21241: 21234: 21227: 21220: 21213: 21206: 21204:Bombing of Gorky 21199: 21197:Battle of Moscow 21192: 21185: 21178: 21171: 21164: 21157: 21141: 21134: 21127: 21120: 21113: 21106: 21097: 21090: 21083: 21076: 21069: 21049: 21040: 21033: 21026: 21019: 21012: 21005: 20998: 20991: 20984: 20977: 20970: 20963: 20961:Battle of France 20956: 20949: 20942: 20935: 20928: 20921: 20901: 20894: 20887: 20880: 20873: 20866: 20859: 20837: 20830: 20823: 20816: 20814:Munich Agreement 20809: 20802: 20793: 20786: 20779: 20770: 20763: 20748: 20747: 20730: 20723: 20714: 20707: 20700: 20699:Soviet prisoners 20693: 20686: 20679: 20670: 20663: 20654: 20647: 20640: 20639:German prisoners 20635: 20615: 20606: 20599: 20592: 20587: 20580: 20573: 20566: 20559: 20552: 20545: 20538: 20531: 20524: 20517: 20510: 20503: 20496: 20487: 20480: 20473: 20466: 20459: 20452: 20445: 20438: 20431: 20424: 20417: 20410: 20403: 20396: 20389: 20382: 20375: 20368: 20361: 20341: 20334: 20327: 20320: 20313: 20306: 20299: 20292: 20285: 20278: 20271: 20251: 20244: 20237: 20230: 20222: 20215: 20208: 20199: 20192: 20184: 20177: 20175:French Indochina 20170: 20163: 20156: 20149: 20141: 20134: 20127: 20119: 20099: 20090: 20083: 20074: 20067: 20060: 20053: 20046: 20039: 20032: 20025: 20022:from August 1944 20013: 20006: 19999: 19992: 19985: 19978: 19971: 19964: 19957: 19945: 19938: 19931: 19924: 19917: 19905: 19897: 19890: 19883: 19876: 19869: 19862: 19855: 19843: 19836: 19829: 19822: 19807: 19806: 19787: 19780: 19773: 19766: 19759: 19748: 19733: 19726: 19719: 19714: 19705: 19698: 19691: 19682: 19675: 19668: 19666:Nanjing Massacre 19661: 19654: 19645: 19643:Nuremberg trials 19636: 19629: 19622: 19615: 19608: 19601: 19592: 19585: 19578: 19571: 19551: 19544: 19537: 19528: 19521: 19514: 19507: 19500: 19493: 19484: 19475: 19468: 19461: 19454: 19445: 19438: 19431: 19424: 19417: 19410: 19403: 19396: 19376: 19367: 19360: 19353: 19344: 19337: 19330: 19323: 19314: 19307: 19300: 19291: 19284: 19277: 19270: 19263: 19256: 19249: 19247:Asia and Pacific 19229: 19222: 19215: 19208: 19201: 19194: 19187: 19178: 19176:Mulberry harbour 19171: 19164: 19157: 19150: 19143: 19136: 19129: 19122: 19113: 19106: 19099: 19090: 19083: 19076: 19069: 19062: 19055: 19048: 19041: 19034: 19027: 19018: 19011: 18996: 18995: 18984: 18977: 18968: 18961: 18954: 18947: 18940: 18933: 18926: 18905: 18898: 18891: 18882: 18881: 18838:Jewish Americans 18770: 18769: 18719: 18650: 18649: 18576: 18569: 18562: 18553: 18552: 18538: 18537: 18451:(2022 TV series) 18213:Truman Committee 18113:Taft–Hartley Act 17980:Medal of Freedom 17755: 17754: 17739:Executive Orders 17643: 17635: 17624: 17599: 17592: 17585: 17576: 17575: 17534:Shinmin no Michi 17524:Internment camps 17436:French Indochina 17320: 17319: 17166:Taishō Democracy 17047: 17046: 16970:Japanese holdout 16857: 16856: 16781:Colonial Affairs 16715: 16714: 16642:Yokusan Sonendan 16548: 16540: 16532: 16516: 16515: 16442:Economic history 16401: 16394: 16387: 16378: 16377: 16366: 16365: 16317:Quebec Agreement 16101:John von Neumann 16041:George B. Pegram 15850:Dorothy McKibbin 15684: 15677: 15670: 15661: 15660: 15612: 15610: 15608: 15585: 15583: 15581: 15569: 15567: 15565: 15537: 15536: 15525: 15514: 15503: 15495:Internet Archive 15482:Internet Archive 15471: 15469: 15467: 15451: 15449: 15447: 15431: 15429: 15427: 15418: 15409: 15407: 15405: 15393: 15391: 15389: 15377: 15375: 15373: 15361: 15359: 15357: 15326: 15324: 15322: 15317:on 31 March 2010 15306: 15304: 15302: 15293:. Archived from 15282: 15232: 15212: 15175: 15151: 15130: 15111: 15109: 15107: 15070: 15060: 15041: 15024: 14997: 14978: 14961: 14934: 14925: 14903: 14873: 14854: 14835: 14813: 14792: 14775: 14745: 14700: 14683: 14681: 14679: 14662: 14652: 14625: 14623: 14621: 14598: 14583: 14546: 14513: 14486: 14463: 14461: 14459: 14446: 14429:(8): 1973–2002. 14420: 14410: 14383: 14356: 14326: 14309:Sweeney, Charles 14304: 14277: 14258: 14231: 14201: 14164: 14130: 14103: 14076: 14049: 14028: 14025:Internet Archive 13972: 13940: 13911: 13874: 13853: 13836: 13783: 13753: 13726: 13705: 13686: 13684: 13682: 13676: 13670:. Archived from 13649: 13622: 13607:Lewis, Robert A. 13602: 13590: 13579: 13562: 13524: 13522: 13520: 13514: 13508:. Archived from 13499: 13487: 13466: 13456: 13431: 13404: 13387: 13368: 13347: 13320: 13303: 13283: 13272: 13252: 13234: 13207: 13191: 13189: 13187: 13164: 13149: 13147: 13145: 13132: 13117: 13098: 13074: 13044: 13015: 12988: 12958: 12943:Gowing, Margaret 12938: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12875: 12848: 12829: 12807: 12788: 12763:Ellsberg, Daniel 12758: 12738: 12727: 12698: 12668: 12637: 12635: 12633: 12611: 12591: 12589: 12587: 12553: 12529: 12519: 12508: 12481: 12454: 12435: 12404: 12370: 12351: 12332: 12313: 12291: 12259: 12211: 12191: 12181: 12154: 12152: 12150: 12141:. Archived from 12123: 12092: 12091: 12089: 12087: 12076: 12070: 12069: 12067: 12065: 12046: 12040: 12039: 12028: 12022: 12021: 12014: 12008: 12002: 11996: 11990: 11984: 11978: 11972: 11966: 11960: 11954: 11948: 11947: 11940: 11934: 11933: 11922: 11916: 11915: 11903: 11897: 11891: 11885: 11879: 11870: 11869: 11867: 11865: 11847: 11841: 11835: 11829: 11823: 11817: 11816: 11780: 11774: 11773: 11766: 11757: 11756: 11743: 11737: 11736: 11715: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11704: 11684:(323): 347–363. 11667: 11661: 11656: 11647: 11641: 11635: 11630: 11624: 11623: 11621: 11619: 11611:Fox News Channel 11602: 11596: 11590: 11584: 11578: 11572: 11566: 11560: 11554: 11548: 11542: 11536: 11530: 11524: 11523: 11521: 11519: 11508: 11502: 11501: 11499: 11497: 11486: 11480: 11479: 11477: 11475: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11442: 11436: 11435: 11433: 11431: 11416: 11410: 11409: 11407: 11405: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11381: 11379: 11372:"After the Bomb" 11368: 11359: 11353: 11347: 11346: 11344: 11342: 11327: 11321: 11315: 11309: 11303: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11277: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11266: 11261:on 18 April 2016 11251: 11245: 11244: 11242: 11240: 11221: 11215: 11209: 11203: 11202: 11200: 11198: 11189:. Archived from 11178: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11167: 11152: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11141: 11127: 11121: 11120: 11110: 11100: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11067: 11065: 11059: 11038: 11028: 11022: 11021: 10989: 10983: 10982: 10980: 10978: 10969:. Archived from 10956: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10945: 10929: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10918: 10901: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10890: 10873: 10867: 10866: 10864: 10862: 10857:. 15 August 2007 10845: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10834: 10819: 10813: 10812: 10776: 10770: 10769: 10717: 10711: 10710: 10666: 10660: 10659: 10647: 10641: 10640: 10600: 10594: 10593: 10583: 10559: 10550: 10549: 10513: 10507: 10506: 10470: 10459: 10458: 10450: 10444: 10438: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10416: 10410: 10404: 10398: 10397: 10389: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10375: 10363: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10343:. Archived from 10333: 10327: 10326: 10300: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10289: 10284:. 11 August 2016 10274: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10263: 10254:. Archived from 10244: 10238: 10232: 10226: 10225: 10218: 10212: 10211: 10178: 10172: 10171: 10159: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10136: 10130: 10129: 10119: 10101: 10065: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10048: 10042:. Archived from 10041: 10033: 10027: 10026: 10024: 10018:. Archived from 10013: 10004: 9998: 9997: 9987: 9971: 9965: 9964: 9957: 9951: 9945: 9939: 9933: 9927: 9921: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9902:. 15 August 1945 9892: 9886: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9862: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9845: 9837: 9828: 9822: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9794: 9788: 9782: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9754: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9743: 9725: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9711: 9700: 9694: 9688: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9659: 9650: 9644: 9638: 9637: 9636:. 31 March 2024. 9626: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9600: 9594: 9593:Blume, pp. 28–31 9591: 9585: 9579: 9573: 9572: 9558: 9552: 9551:Blume, pp. 26–27 9549: 9534: 9533: 9519: 9513: 9512:Blume, pp. 25–26 9510: 9501: 9500: 9498: 9496: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9474: 9459: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9448: 9433: 9427: 9421: 9415: 9409: 9403: 9397: 9391: 9385: 9379: 9373: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9362: 9347: 9341: 9340: 9338: 9336: 9321: 9315: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9291: 9285: 9279: 9273: 9267: 9261: 9255: 9246: 9240: 9234: 9228: 9222: 9216: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9205: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9172: 9166: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9134: 9128: 9127: 9125: 9123: 9118:. 10 August 2005 9106: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9078: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9067: 9052: 9046: 9045: 9043: 9041: 9020: 9014: 9013: 9011: 9009: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8981: 8972:. Archived from 8962: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8942:. Archived from 8940:noorderlicht.com 8932: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8868:. Atomic Archive 8859: 8853: 8847: 8841: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8811: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8794: 8788:. Archived from 8783: 8775: 8769: 8763: 8757: 8751: 8745: 8739: 8733: 8732: 8730: 8728: 8717: 8711: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8626: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8573: 8562: 8556: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8532: 8526: 8520: 8514: 8508: 8502: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8482: 8473: 8467: 8461: 8455: 8446: 8440: 8431: 8425: 8419: 8413: 8407: 8401: 8395: 8389: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8378: 8367: 8361: 8355: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8325: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8309:. Trinity Atomic 8302: 8291: 8285: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8240:. Archived from 8227: 8221: 8215: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8189: 8183: 8177: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8149: 8143: 8137: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8108: 8102: 8096: 8090: 8089: 8071: 8065: 8059: 8053: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8017: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8006: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7932:. Archived from 7921: 7915: 7914: 7912: 7910: 7905:on 19 April 2018 7901:. Archived from 7891: 7885: 7879: 7873: 7870:Toon et al. 2007 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7839: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7781: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7755: 7749: 7748: 7733: 7720: 7719: 7711: 7705: 7704: 7696: 7690: 7689: 7681: 7675: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7643: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7626: 7619: 7608: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7589:on 17 April 2021 7579: 7573: 7567: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7547:. Archived from 7537: 7531: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7514: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7464: 7458: 7452: 7446: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7386: 7380: 7374: 7368: 7362: 7356: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7298: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7273: 7262: 7261: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7215: 7209: 7203: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7171: 7158: 7152: 7141: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7084: 7078: 7072: 7061: 7055: 7049: 7043: 7037: 7031: 7025: 7019: 7013: 7007: 7001: 6995: 6989: 6983: 6974: 6968: 6959: 6953: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6913: 6907: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6841: 6835: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6807: 6801: 6795: 6789: 6783: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6738: 6732: 6726: 6715: 6709: 6700: 6694: 6688: 6682: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6658:. Archived from 6645: 6632: 6631: 6621: 6613: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6560: 6554: 6548: 6542: 6536: 6527: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6468: 6462: 6459:Wellerstein 2020 6456: 6450: 6444: 6438: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6406: 6393: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6346: 6335: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6240: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6216: 6209: 6201: 6195: 6189: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6172: 6165: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6022: 6016: 6010: 6004: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5810:. Archived from 5808:CommonDreams.org 5799: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5656: 5650: 5644: 5638: 5632: 5626: 5620: 5614: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5590: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5565: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5499: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5291: 5256:nuclear umbrella 5226:William D. Leahy 5040: 5029: 5027: 5026: 5014: 5012: 5011: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4918: 4904: 4893: 4882: 4871: 4794:Korean survivors 4766:Double survivors 4740:public ignorance 4725: 4710: 4708: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4548:undifferentiated 4435:. The number of 4366:Cancer increases 4272: 4253:Hiroshima (book) 4192: 4163: 4112: 4080:A member of the 4023:Wilfred Burchett 3986:Mainichi Shimbun 3971:and Harry Mimura 3965: 3922:human extinction 3865:Foreign Minister 3794: 3788:Henry A. Wallace 3723:prisoners of war 3603: 3404:Weapon delivery 3335: 3329: 3166:The 50,000-watt 3134: 3133: 3107: 3058: 3046: 2971:Hiroshima Castle 2919: 2907: 2895: 2883: 2871: 2859: 2847: 2831: 2819: 2807: 2792: 2776: 2760: 2748: 2736: 2659: 2657: 2656: 2646: 2644: 2643: 2621: 2549:, 102 bound for 2463:Weapon delivery 2373: 2369: 2271:Hiroshima Castle 2196:Raemer Schreiber 2192:urchin initiator 2146:Leonard Cheshire 2005:on 4 July 1945. 1995:Quebec Agreement 1968: 1964: 1919:prisoners of war 1835:Emperor's palace 1832: 1757:Robert R. Wilson 1753:John von Neumann 1662:reversible-pitch 1397:area bombardment 1393:incendiary raids 1333:determined that 1260:. Quantities of 1243:William Shockley 1235:Henry L. Stimson 1232:Secretary of War 1206:civilian militia 1123:Even before the 1056:recaptured Burma 1032:killed in action 1006: 1004: 999: 997: 993: 991: 987: 985: 980: 978: 974: 972: 902:Quebec Agreement 841:enriched uranium 733:Manchuria (1945) 588:Aleutian Islands 438:Indochina (1945) 408:Indochina (1940) 394:2nd Indian Ocean 377:1st Indian Ocean 372:Christmas Island 277: 267: 260: 253: 244: 243: 165:Executed by 152: 151: 149: 148: 147: 142: 138: 135: 134: 133: 130: 121: 120: 118: 117: 116: 111: 107: 104: 103: 102: 99: 56: 32: 31: 21: 26228: 26227: 26223: 26222: 26221: 26219: 26218: 26217: 26153: 26152: 26151: 26141: 26139: 26129: 26127: 26117: 26115: 26107: 26105: 26096: 26067: 26036: 26001: 25990: 25955: 25934: 25913: 25888: 25871: 25718: 25697: 25666: 25625: 25554: 25518: 25379: 25373: 25342: 25321: 25295: 25239: 25185:Reggio Calabria 25059: 25040:Wiener Neustadt 24845:Friedrichshafen 24835:Freiburg (Axis) 24738: 24685: 24671: 24640: 24619: 24589: 24551: 24546: 24516: 24511: 24465: 24439: 24383: 24347: 24335: 24074: 24048: 24006: 23991: 23897:Jewish American 23870:Polish American 23811:Korean American 23801:Indian American 23768: 23753: 23608:Merchant Marine 23578:Law enforcement 23430: 23411: 23285: 23281:Great Recession 23188: 23162:Reagan Doctrine 23116: 23095:Stonewall riots 23017: 22991:Project Mercury 22952:Truman Doctrine 22928: 22836:First Red Scare 22810: 22779:Progressive Era 22691: 22651:Bleeding Kansas 22607: 22554:Monroe Doctrine 22530: 22478: 22437:Treaty of Paris 22398: 22372:Boston Massacre 22367:Sons of Liberty 22263: 22234: 22223: 22205: 22200: 22170: 22165: 22158: 22151: 22137: 22135: 22123: 22114: 22107: 22100: 22093: 22084: 22077: 22070: 22061: 22056:Atomic bombings 22054: 22047: 22040: 22033: 22026: 22017: 22010: 22003: 21996: 21989: 21982: 21975: 21968: 21961: 21954: 21947: 21940: 21933: 21926: 21919: 21912: 21899: 21892: 21881: 21874: 21867: 21858: 21851: 21844: 21837: 21830: 21823: 21814: 21805: 21798: 21789: 21782: 21775: 21768: 21759: 21752: 21747:Eastern Romania 21745: 21740:Warsaw Uprising 21738: 21733:Tannenberg Line 21731: 21724: 21719:Western Ukraine 21717: 21708: 21701: 21692: 21683: 21674: 21667: 21660: 21649: 21640: 21627: 21620: 21611: 21604: 21597: 21590: 21583: 21576: 21569: 21560: 21553: 21546: 21537: 21530: 21523: 21516: 21511:Battle of Kursk 21509: 21502: 21495: 21488: 21481: 21468: 21461: 21452: 21445: 21438: 21429: 21422: 21415: 21408: 21399: 21390: 21383: 21376: 21369: 21362: 21355: 21348: 21341: 21334: 21327: 21322:St Nazaire Raid 21320: 21313: 21306: 21293: 21286: 21279: 21272: 21265: 21258: 21251: 21244: 21237: 21230: 21223: 21216: 21209: 21202: 21195: 21188: 21181: 21174: 21167: 21160: 21146: 21137: 21130: 21123: 21116: 21109: 21104:Anglo-Iraqi War 21102: 21095:Battle of Crete 21093: 21086: 21079: 21072: 21065: 21052: 21043: 21036: 21029: 21024:Eastern Romania 21022: 21015: 21008: 21001: 20994: 20987: 20980: 20973: 20966: 20959: 20952: 20945: 20938: 20931: 20924: 20917: 20904: 20897: 20890: 20883: 20876: 20869: 20862: 20855: 20842: 20833: 20826: 20819: 20812: 20805: 20798: 20789: 20782: 20775: 20766: 20759: 20733: 20726: 20719: 20710: 20703: 20698: 20689: 20682: 20675: 20666: 20659: 20650: 20643: 20638: 20631: 20618: 20611: 20602: 20595: 20590: 20585:Western Ukraine 20583: 20576: 20569: 20562: 20555: 20548: 20541: 20534: 20529:Northeast China 20527: 20520: 20513: 20506: 20499: 20492: 20483: 20476: 20469: 20462: 20455: 20448: 20441: 20434: 20427: 20420: 20413: 20406: 20399: 20392: 20385: 20378: 20371: 20364: 20357: 20344: 20337: 20330: 20323: 20316: 20309: 20302: 20295: 20288: 20281: 20274: 20267: 20254: 20247: 20240: 20235:Slovak Republic 20233: 20225: 20218: 20211: 20206:Empire of Japan 20204: 20195: 20187: 20180: 20173: 20166: 20159: 20152: 20144: 20137: 20130: 20122: 20115: 20102: 20095: 20086: 20079: 20070: 20063: 20056: 20049: 20042: 20035: 20028: 20016: 20009: 20002: 19995: 19988: 19981: 19974: 19967: 19960: 19948: 19941: 19934: 19927: 19920: 19908: 19900: 19893: 19886: 19879: 19872: 19865: 19858: 19846: 19839: 19832: 19825: 19818: 19792: 19783: 19776: 19769: 19762: 19751: 19736: 19729: 19722: 19718:Sexual violence 19717: 19710: 19701: 19694: 19687: 19678: 19671: 19664: 19657: 19650: 19641: 19632: 19625: 19618: 19611: 19604: 19597: 19588: 19581: 19574: 19567: 19554: 19547: 19540: 19533: 19524: 19517: 19510: 19503: 19496: 19487: 19478: 19471: 19464: 19457: 19448: 19441: 19436:Greek Civil War 19434: 19427: 19420: 19413: 19406: 19399: 19392: 19379: 19372: 19363: 19356: 19349: 19340: 19333: 19326: 19319: 19310: 19303: 19296: 19287: 19280: 19273: 19266: 19261:South-East Asia 19259: 19252: 19245: 19232: 19225: 19218: 19211: 19204: 19197: 19190: 19183: 19174: 19167: 19160: 19153: 19146: 19139: 19132: 19125: 19120:Military awards 19118: 19109: 19102: 19095: 19086: 19079: 19072: 19065: 19058: 19051: 19044: 19037: 19030: 19023: 19014: 19007: 18987: 18980: 18973: 18964: 18957: 18950: 18945: 18936: 18929: 18922: 18914: 18909: 18879: 18874: 18842: 18821:Asian Americans 18815:Tuskegee Airmen 18799: 18780:List of battles 18768: 18720: 18707: 18679: 18648: 18624:G.I. Generation 18585: 18580: 18550: 18545: 18497: 18480:Margaret Truman 18462: 18383: 18332: 18265: 18222: 18182: 18056:Hill–Burton Act 17966: 17808:Luce–Celler Act 17767:Truman Doctrine 17753: 17646: 17638: 17627: 17616: 17608: 17606:Harry S. Truman 17603: 17573: 17568: 17554:Yasukuni Shrine 17488: 17465: 17407: 17361: 17307: 17259:Tripartite Pact 17254:Rape of Nanking 17190: 17176:Tapani incident 17120: 17096:Boxer Rebellion 17054: 17034: 16998: 16989: 16938: 16929: 16864: 16844: 16838:Representatives 16806: 16803: 16802:Legislative and 16795: 16761:Foreign Affairs 16724: 16721: 16706: 16605: 16584:Government Seal 16569:Rising Sun Flag 16552: 16546: 16538: 16530: 16517: 16508: 16410: 16408:Empire of Japan 16405: 16375: 16370: 16356: 16322:RaLa Experiment 16228: 16197: 16162:Project Alberta 16130: 16126:Chien-Shiung Wu 16056:James Rainwater 15991:Richard Feynman 15981:John R. Dunning 15956:Norris Bradbury 15919: 15905:Stafford Warren 15875:William Purnell 15855:Kenneth Nichols 15835:Ernest Lawrence 15810:James B. Conant 15788: 15702: 15693: 15688: 15630:Wayback Machine 15619: 15606: 15604: 15603:on 5 March 2012 15595: 15592: 15579: 15577: 15572: 15563: 15561: 15556: 15553: 15534: 15523: 15512: 15501: 15487:The short film 15474:The short film 15465: 15463: 15462:. 8 August 2020 15454: 15445: 15443: 15442:on 19 July 2012 15434: 15425: 15423: 15416: 15412: 15403: 15401: 15396: 15387: 15385: 15380: 15371: 15369: 15364: 15355: 15353: 15336: 15333: 15320: 15318: 15309: 15300: 15298: 15285: 15275: 15272: 15267: 15240: 15235: 15215: 15178: 15172: 15154: 15148: 15133: 15127: 15114: 15105: 15103: 15068: 15063: 15057: 15044: 15027: 15013: 15000: 14994: 14981: 14964: 14950: 14937: 14928: 14922: 14906: 14892: 14876: 14870: 14857: 14851: 14838: 14832: 14818:Alperovitz, Gar 14816: 14810: 14795: 14787: 14783: 14781:Further reading 14778: 14764: 14677: 14675: 14660: 14641: 14619: 14617: 14607: 14596: 14502: 14457: 14455: 14418: 14399: 14372: 14345: 14323: 14293: 14274: 14247: 14220: 14153: 14141:, eds. (1990). 14119: 14092: 14065: 14046: 13997: 13977:Rhodes, Richard 13961: 13945:Rhodes, Richard 13929: 13892:10.2307/2643028 13871: 13772: 13742: 13702: 13680: 13678: 13674: 13638: 13611:Popular Science 13599: 13551: 13534: 13518: 13516: 13512: 13497: 13484: 13420: 13384: 13365: 13336: 13292: 13261: 13223: 13185: 13183: 13173: 13162: 13143: 13141: 13130: 13114: 13095: 13063: 13004: 12977: 12927: 12903: 12901: 12864: 12845: 12826: 12804: 12777: 12747: 12716: 12687: 12657: 12631: 12629: 12585: 12583: 12573: 12497: 12470: 12451: 12424: 12393: 12383:Tell me No Lies 12367: 12348: 12329: 12310: 12232:10.2307/2539014 12200: 12184: 12170: 12148: 12146: 12101: 12096: 12095: 12085: 12083: 12078: 12077: 12073: 12063: 12061: 12048: 12047: 12043: 12030: 12029: 12025: 12016: 12015: 12011: 12003: 11999: 11991: 11987: 11979: 11975: 11967: 11963: 11955: 11951: 11942: 11941: 11937: 11924: 11923: 11919: 11904: 11900: 11892: 11888: 11880: 11873: 11863: 11861: 11848: 11844: 11836: 11832: 11824: 11820: 11797:10.2307/2197093 11781: 11777: 11768: 11767: 11760: 11745: 11744: 11740: 11733: 11717: 11716: 11712: 11702: 11700: 11668: 11664: 11657: 11650: 11642: 11638: 11631: 11627: 11617: 11615: 11604: 11603: 11599: 11591: 11587: 11579: 11575: 11567: 11563: 11555: 11551: 11543: 11539: 11531: 11527: 11517: 11515: 11510: 11509: 11505: 11495: 11493: 11488: 11487: 11483: 11473: 11471: 11466: 11465: 11461: 11451: 11449: 11444: 11443: 11439: 11429: 11427: 11418: 11417: 11413: 11403: 11401: 11392: 11391: 11387: 11377: 11375: 11370: 11369: 11362: 11354: 11350: 11340: 11338: 11328: 11324: 11316: 11312: 11304: 11300: 11290: 11288: 11279: 11278: 11274: 11264: 11262: 11253: 11252: 11248: 11238: 11236: 11235:on 3 April 2009 11223: 11222: 11218: 11210: 11206: 11196: 11194: 11179: 11175: 11165: 11163: 11154: 11153: 11149: 11139: 11137: 11129: 11128: 11124: 11077: 11073: 11063: 11061: 11057: 11051: 11036: 11030: 11029: 11025: 10990: 10986: 10976: 10974: 10957: 10953: 10943: 10941: 10930: 10926: 10916: 10914: 10913:. 9 August 2024 10903: 10902: 10898: 10888: 10886: 10874: 10870: 10860: 10858: 10847: 10846: 10842: 10832: 10830: 10820: 10816: 10777: 10773: 10742:10.2307/3577175 10718: 10714: 10667: 10663: 10648: 10644: 10601: 10597: 10560: 10553: 10514: 10510: 10495: 10471: 10462: 10452: 10451: 10447: 10439: 10435: 10425: 10423: 10418: 10417: 10413: 10405: 10401: 10391: 10390: 10383: 10373: 10371: 10364: 10360: 10350: 10348: 10347:on 8 March 2009 10335: 10334: 10330: 10323: 10301: 10297: 10287: 10285: 10276: 10275: 10271: 10261: 10259: 10246: 10245: 10241: 10233: 10229: 10220: 10219: 10215: 10201: 10180: 10179: 10175: 10160: 10156: 10146: 10144: 10137: 10133: 10066: 10062: 10052: 10050: 10049:on 12 July 2018 10046: 10039: 10035: 10034: 10030: 10022: 10011: 10005: 10001: 9985:10.2172/4421057 9972: 9968: 9959: 9958: 9954: 9946: 9942: 9938:, pp. 1–8. 9934: 9930: 9922: 9915: 9905: 9903: 9894: 9893: 9889: 9879: 9877: 9864: 9863: 9859: 9849: 9847: 9843: 9839: 9838: 9831: 9823: 9819: 9809: 9807: 9795: 9791: 9783: 9779: 9769: 9767: 9755: 9751: 9741: 9739: 9726: 9719: 9709: 9707: 9702: 9701: 9697: 9689: 9685: 9675: 9673: 9660: 9653: 9645: 9641: 9628: 9627: 9623: 9613: 9611: 9601: 9597: 9592: 9588: 9580: 9576: 9559: 9555: 9550: 9537: 9520: 9516: 9511: 9504: 9494: 9492: 9487: 9486: 9482: 9472: 9470: 9461: 9460: 9456: 9446: 9444: 9435: 9434: 9430: 9422: 9418: 9410: 9406: 9402:, p. 1223. 9398: 9394: 9386: 9382: 9374: 9370: 9360: 9358: 9348: 9344: 9334: 9332: 9331:on 1 March 2019 9323: 9322: 9318: 9308: 9306: 9292: 9288: 9280: 9276: 9268: 9264: 9256: 9249: 9245:, pp. 743. 9241: 9237: 9229: 9225: 9217: 9213: 9203: 9201: 9196: 9195: 9191: 9181: 9179: 9174: 9173: 9169: 9161: 9157: 9147: 9145: 9136: 9135: 9131: 9121: 9119: 9108: 9107: 9103: 9093: 9091: 9080: 9079: 9075: 9065: 9063: 9054: 9053: 9049: 9039: 9037: 9022: 9021: 9017: 9007: 9005: 8994: 8993: 8989: 8979: 8977: 8964: 8963: 8959: 8949: 8947: 8934: 8933: 8929: 8921: 8917: 8909: 8905: 8897: 8893: 8885: 8881: 8871: 8869: 8860: 8856: 8848: 8844: 8836: 8832: 8824: 8820: 8814:Kerr et al 2005 8812: 8808: 8798: 8796: 8795:on 10 June 2012 8792: 8781: 8777: 8776: 8772: 8764: 8760: 8752: 8748: 8740: 8736: 8726: 8724: 8719: 8718: 8714: 8706: 8702: 8692: 8690: 8683:Mainichi Weekly 8677: 8676: 8672: 8657: 8653: 8645: 8641: 8633: 8629: 8619: 8617: 8613: 8612: 8608: 8600: 8596: 8586: 8584: 8575: 8574: 8565: 8557: 8553: 8545: 8541: 8533: 8529: 8521: 8517: 8509: 8505: 8495: 8493: 8484: 8483: 8476: 8468: 8464: 8456: 8449: 8441: 8434: 8426: 8422: 8414: 8410: 8404:Slavinskiĭ 2004 8402: 8398: 8390: 8386: 8376: 8374: 8369: 8368: 8364: 8356: 8352: 8342: 8340: 8339:on 12 June 2019 8327: 8326: 8322: 8312: 8310: 8303: 8294: 8286: 8282: 8272: 8270: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8247: 8245: 8228: 8224: 8216: 8212: 8202: 8200: 8191: 8190: 8186: 8178: 8174: 8164: 8162: 8151: 8150: 8146: 8138: 8131: 8121: 8119: 8118:. 6 August 2005 8110: 8109: 8105: 8097: 8093: 8086: 8072: 8068: 8060: 8056: 8048: 8044: 8034: 8032: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8004: 8002: 7989: 7988: 7984: 7974: 7972: 7953: 7949: 7939: 7937: 7936:on 9 March 2009 7922: 7918: 7908: 7906: 7893: 7892: 7888: 7880: 7876: 7872:, p. 1994. 7868: 7864: 7854: 7852: 7840: 7833: 7823: 7821: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7796: 7783: 7782: 7778: 7768: 7766: 7757: 7756: 7752: 7735: 7734: 7723: 7712: 7708: 7697: 7693: 7682: 7678: 7670: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7653:. 8 August 1945 7645: 7644: 7640: 7630: 7628: 7627:on 24 June 2006 7624: 7617: 7609: 7602: 7592: 7590: 7581: 7580: 7576: 7568: 7564: 7554: 7552: 7551:on 24 June 2010 7539: 7538: 7534: 7518: 7516: 7512: 7506: 7502: 7496:Kerr et al 2005 7494: 7485: 7481:, p. 2566. 7477: 7473: 7465: 7461: 7453: 7449: 7441: 7437: 7427: 7425: 7413: 7409: 7399: 7397: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7375: 7371: 7363: 7359: 7351: 7347: 7337: 7335: 7334:on 20 June 2013 7326: 7325: 7321: 7311: 7309: 7300: 7299: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7275: 7274: 7265: 7246: 7242: 7234: 7230: 7222: 7218: 7210: 7206: 7198: 7194: 7184: 7182: 7173: 7172: 7161: 7153: 7144: 7136: 7132: 7124: 7120: 7112: 7108: 7098: 7096: 7085: 7081: 7073: 7064: 7056: 7052: 7044: 7040: 7032: 7028: 7020: 7016: 7008: 7004: 6996: 6992: 6984: 6977: 6969: 6962: 6954: 6950: 6942: 6938: 6930: 6926: 6914: 6910: 6902: 6898: 6890: 6886: 6876: 6874: 6867: 6866: 6862: 6852: 6850: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6830: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6796: 6792: 6784: 6775: 6767: 6763: 6753: 6751: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6727: 6718: 6710: 6703: 6695: 6691: 6683: 6676: 6665: 6663: 6662:on 13 June 2007 6646: 6635: 6619: 6615: 6614: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6585: 6581: 6573: 6569: 6561: 6557: 6549: 6545: 6537: 6530: 6522: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6498: 6491: 6481: 6479: 6469: 6465: 6457: 6453: 6445: 6441: 6435:Reischauer 1986 6433: 6429: 6419: 6417: 6408: 6407: 6396: 6388: 6384: 6376: 6372: 6364: 6360: 6350: 6348: 6344: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6316: 6312: 6304: 6300: 6292: 6288: 6278: 6276: 6274:Restricted Data 6266: 6262: 6252: 6250: 6242: 6241: 6230: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6190: 6186: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6163: 6159: 6158: 6154: 6144: 6142: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6120: 6116: 6108: 6104: 6096: 6092: 6073: 6071: 6059: 6055: 6047: 6043: 6035: 6031: 6023: 6019: 6011: 6007: 5999: 5995: 5987: 5983: 5975: 5971: 5963: 5959: 5951: 5947: 5939: 5935: 5927: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5867: 5863: 5855: 5851: 5843: 5839: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5815: 5800: 5796: 5786: 5784: 5773: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5747: 5743: 5735: 5731: 5723: 5719: 5711: 5707: 5699: 5695: 5687: 5683: 5675: 5671: 5663: 5659: 5651: 5647: 5639: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5615: 5611: 5603: 5599: 5591: 5584: 5574: 5572: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5554: 5550: 5542: 5538: 5530: 5526: 5516: 5514: 5513:on 12 June 2007 5501: 5500: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5440: 5436: 5428: 5424: 5416: 5412: 5404: 5400: 5392: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5353: 5349: 5341: 5337: 5329: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5214: 5212:Nuclear warfare 5208: 5156: 5150: 5078:state terrorism 5063: 5057: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5046: 5041: 5021: 5006: 4991: 4976: 4941: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4924: 4919: 4898: 4887: 4876: 4865: 4863:Motoyasu Bridge 4823: 4818: 4802: 4796: 4774:documented 165 4768: 4748:later conceived 4693: 4685: 4660: 4654: 4540:threshold point 4518: 4512: 4473:gestational age 4421: 4392:Life Span Study 4368: 4261: 4259: 4257:Terufumi Sasaki 4237: 4216:St Albans Abbey 4190: 4152: 4110: 4042:radiation burns 4038:nuclear fallout 4012:Fritz Bilfinger 3977:Yōsuke Yamahata 3954: 3936: 3930: 3860:Yoshijirō Umezu 3830: 3822:Main articles: 3820: 3792: 3784:James Forrestal 3771: 3765: 3727:Royal Air Force 3715:Yōsuke Yamahata 3697: 3640:Yontan Airfield 3601: 3306: 3247: 3242: 3233:Project Alberta 3210:Korechika Anami 3156: 3155: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3143: 3142: 3135: 3121: 3118: 3111: 3105: 3100: 3094: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3059: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3036: 2960:Terufumi Sasaki 2954:of the attack. 2940:firestorm-cloud 2928: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2911: 2908: 2899: 2896: 2887: 2884: 2875: 2872: 2863: 2860: 2851: 2848: 2839: 2832: 2823: 2820: 2811: 2808: 2799: 2793: 2784: 2777: 2768: 2761: 2752: 2749: 2740: 2737: 2726: 2725: 2651: 2638: 2632: 2619: 2605:kilotons of TNT 2456:Paul W. Tibbets 2351:Charles Sweeney 2316: 2230: 2225: 2200:Philip Morrison 2154: 2069: 2063: 2035:Thomas T. Handy 1975: 1966: 1962: 1928: 1889:Ernest Lawrence 1874: 1861:Harry S. Truman 1830: 1728: 1646:Project Alberta 1590: 1585: 1494:nuclear fission 1490: 1469: 1347:Mariana Islands 1300: 1294: 1228:Battle of Leyte 1217:Takijirō Ōnishi 1173:Japanese winter 1121: 1115: 1016:Empire of Japan 1002: 1001: 1000: 995: 994: 989: 988: 983: 982: 981: 976: 975: 970: 969: 968: 961: 955: 950: 937:popular culture 897:the ultimatum. 879:Mariana Islands 869:version of the 762: 757: 749: 661:Mariana Islands 534:Solomon Islands 503:Burma (1944–45) 493:Burma (1942–43) 488:Burma (1941–42) 481:Burma and India 413:Franco-Thai War 360:Andaman Islands 287:Central Pacific 278: 273: 271: 237: 234:150,000–246,000 229: 210: 202:10,000 soldiers 184: 145: 143: 139: 136: 131: 128: 126: 124: 123: 122: 114: 112: 108: 105: 100: 97: 95: 93: 92: 91: 90: 72:Nuclear bombing 63: 60:mushroom clouds 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 26226: 26216: 26215: 26210: 26205: 26200: 26195: 26190: 26185: 26180: 26175: 26170: 26165: 26150: 26149: 26137: 26125: 26102: 26101: 26098: 26097: 26095: 26094: 26088: 26086: 26079: 26073: 26072: 26069: 26068: 26066: 26065: 26060: 26055: 26050: 26044: 26042: 26038: 26037: 26035: 26034: 26029: 26024: 26019: 26013: 26011: 26004: 25996: 25995: 25992: 25991: 25989: 25988: 25982: 25976: 25970: 25963: 25961: 25957: 25956: 25954: 25953: 25948: 25942: 25940: 25936: 25935: 25933: 25932: 25927: 25921: 25919: 25915: 25914: 25912: 25911: 25909:Axis Singapore 25906: 25900: 25898: 25894: 25893: 25890: 25889: 25887: 25886: 25879: 25877: 25870: 25869: 25864: 25863: 25862: 25852: 25847: 25842: 25837: 25827: 25822: 25817: 25812: 25807: 25802: 25797: 25792: 25787: 25782: 25777: 25772: 25767: 25762: 25757: 25752: 25747: 25742: 25737: 25732: 25726: 25724: 25720: 25719: 25717: 25716: 25711: 25705: 25703: 25699: 25698: 25696: 25695: 25690: 25685: 25680: 25674: 25672: 25668: 25667: 25665: 25664: 25663: 25662: 25660:Allied Rangoon 25657: 25650:Burma campaign 25646: 25644: 25637: 25631: 25630: 25627: 25626: 25624: 25623: 25617: 25611: 25605: 25599: 25593: 25587: 25581: 25575: 25569: 25562: 25560: 25556: 25555: 25553: 25552: 25547: 25542: 25541: 25540: 25535: 25526: 25524: 25520: 25519: 25517: 25516: 25515: 25514: 25509: 25504: 25499: 25494: 25489: 25484: 25479: 25474: 25469: 25464: 25459: 25454: 25449: 25444: 25439: 25434: 25429: 25424: 25419: 25414: 25409: 25404: 25394: 25392:Baedeker Blitz 25389: 25383: 25381: 25375: 25374: 25372: 25371: 25366: 25361: 25356: 25350: 25348: 25344: 25343: 25341: 25340: 25335: 25329: 25327: 25323: 25322: 25320: 25319: 25314: 25309: 25303: 25301: 25297: 25296: 25294: 25293: 25288: 25283: 25278: 25273: 25268: 25263: 25258: 25253: 25247: 25245: 25241: 25240: 25238: 25237: 25232: 25227: 25222: 25217: 25212: 25207: 25202: 25197: 25192: 25187: 25182: 25177: 25172: 25167: 25162: 25157: 25152: 25147: 25142: 25137: 25132: 25127: 25122: 25117: 25112: 25107: 25102: 25097: 25092: 25087: 25082: 25077: 25071: 25069: 25065: 25064: 25061: 25060: 25058: 25057: 25052: 25047: 25042: 25037: 25032: 25027: 25022: 25017: 25012: 25007: 25002: 24997: 24992: 24987: 24982: 24977: 24972: 24967: 24962: 24957: 24952: 24947: 24942: 24937: 24932: 24927: 24922: 24917: 24912: 24907: 24902: 24900:Kaiserslautern 24897: 24892: 24887: 24882: 24877: 24872: 24867: 24862: 24857: 24852: 24847: 24842: 24837: 24832: 24827: 24822: 24817: 24812: 24807: 24802: 24797: 24792: 24787: 24782: 24777: 24772: 24767: 24762: 24757: 24752: 24746: 24744: 24740: 24739: 24737: 24736: 24731: 24726: 24721: 24716: 24711: 24706: 24701: 24696: 24690: 24688: 24677: 24673: 24672: 24670: 24669: 24664: 24659: 24654: 24648: 24646: 24642: 24641: 24639: 24638: 24633: 24627: 24625: 24621: 24620: 24618: 24617: 24612: 24606: 24604: 24597: 24591: 24590: 24588: 24587: 24582: 24577: 24572: 24567: 24562: 24556: 24553: 24552: 24545: 24544: 24537: 24530: 24522: 24513: 24512: 24510: 24509: 24499: 24489: 24487:Historiography 24484: 24478: 24475: 24474: 24471: 24470: 24467: 24466: 24464: 24463: 24453: 24447: 24445: 24441: 24440: 24438: 24437: 24432: 24427: 24425:Navassa Island 24422: 24417: 24412: 24410:Johnston Atoll 24407: 24402: 24400:Howland Island 24397: 24391: 24389: 24385: 24384: 24382: 24381: 24376: 24371: 24366: 24361: 24359:American Samoa 24355: 24353: 24349: 24348: 24343: 24341: 24337: 24336: 24334: 24333: 24328: 24323: 24318: 24313: 24308: 24303: 24298: 24293: 24288: 24283: 24281:South Carolina 24278: 24273: 24268: 24263: 24258: 24253: 24248: 24246:North Carolina 24243: 24238: 24233: 24228: 24223: 24218: 24213: 24208: 24203: 24198: 24193: 24188: 24183: 24178: 24173: 24168: 24163: 24158: 24153: 24148: 24143: 24138: 24133: 24128: 24123: 24118: 24113: 24108: 24103: 24098: 24093: 24088: 24082: 24080: 24076: 24075: 24073: 24072: 24070:The West Coast 24067: 24062: 24056: 24054: 24050: 24049: 24047: 24046: 24044:Indian removal 24041: 24036: 24031: 24026: 24020: 24018: 24008: 24007: 23997: 23996: 23993: 23992: 23990: 23989: 23988: 23987: 23982: 23977: 23965: 23958: 23957: 23956: 23951: 23939: 23938: 23937: 23935:Saudi American 23932: 23927: 23922: 23920:Iraqi American 23917: 23912: 23900: 23893: 23892: 23891: 23879: 23878: 23877: 23872: 23867: 23862: 23857: 23855:Irish American 23852: 23847: 23842: 23837: 23825: 23824: 23823: 23818: 23813: 23808: 23803: 23798: 23793: 23785:Asian American 23781: 23773: 23770: 23769: 23759: 23758: 23755: 23754: 23752: 23751: 23750: 23749: 23744: 23739: 23734: 23729: 23717: 23716: 23715: 23713:Sexual slavery 23703: 23696: 23689: 23688: 23687: 23682: 23677: 23672: 23667: 23662: 23650: 23649: 23648: 23643: 23638: 23633: 23628: 23623: 23611: 23604: 23597: 23596: 23595: 23590: 23585: 23583:Postal service 23580: 23575: 23573:Foreign policy 23570: 23565: 23560: 23555: 23550: 23545: 23540: 23528: 23521: 23520: 23519: 23507: 23506: 23505: 23493: 23492: 23491: 23479: 23478: 23477: 23472: 23467: 23462: 23450: 23443: 23435: 23432: 23431: 23421: 23420: 23417: 23416: 23413: 23412: 23410: 23409: 23404: 23399: 23392: 23387: 23382: 23377: 23376: 23375: 23365: 23360: 23353: 23348: 23347: 23346: 23341: 23336: 23331: 23326: 23321: 23316: 23311: 23301: 23295: 23293: 23287: 23286: 23284: 23283: 23278: 23273: 23268: 23267: 23266: 23261: 23251: 23246: 23239: 23234: 23229: 23224: 23219: 23214: 23209: 23204: 23198: 23196: 23190: 23189: 23187: 23186: 23181: 23176: 23171: 23170: 23169: 23164: 23159: 23149: 23147:Crack epidemic 23144: 23143: 23142: 23137: 23126: 23124: 23118: 23117: 23115: 23114: 23112:Moral Majority 23109: 23104: 23099: 23098: 23097: 23090:Gay liberation 23087: 23082: 23080:Counterculture 23077: 23072: 23071: 23070: 23068:Fall of Saigon 23065: 23060: 23050: 23049: 23048: 23046:Apollo program 23043: 23041:Project Gemini 23033: 23027: 23025: 23019: 23018: 23016: 23015: 23010: 23009: 23008: 22998: 22993: 22988: 22983: 22982: 22981: 22976: 22971: 22966: 22959:Early Cold War 22956: 22955: 22954: 22944: 22938: 22936: 22930: 22929: 22927: 22926: 22925: 22924: 22923: 22922: 22912: 22907: 22897: 22896: 22895: 22890: 22885: 22875: 22874: 22873: 22868: 22863: 22858: 22853: 22848: 22838: 22833: 22832: 22831: 22820: 22818: 22812: 22811: 22809: 22808: 22803: 22802: 22801: 22796: 22791: 22786: 22776: 22775: 22774: 22769: 22764: 22759: 22754: 22749: 22739: 22734: 22733: 22732: 22727: 22722: 22717: 22712: 22701: 22699: 22693: 22692: 22690: 22689: 22688: 22687: 22682: 22672: 22671: 22670: 22665: 22660: 22655: 22654: 22653: 22643: 22638: 22631:Prelude to War 22628: 22623: 22621:Antebellum Era 22617: 22615: 22609: 22608: 22606: 22605: 22600: 22595: 22594: 22593: 22588: 22583: 22578: 22573: 22568: 22566:Trail of Tears 22561:Jacksonian era 22558: 22557: 22556: 22551: 22540: 22538: 22532: 22531: 22529: 22528: 22527: 22526: 22521: 22511: 22510: 22509: 22504: 22497:Federalist Era 22494: 22492:Bill of Rights 22488: 22486: 22480: 22479: 22477: 22476: 22475: 22474: 22469: 22464: 22459: 22454: 22441: 22440: 22439: 22434: 22429: 22427:Lee Resolution 22424: 22419: 22408: 22406: 22400: 22399: 22397: 22396: 22395: 22394: 22389: 22384: 22379: 22374: 22369: 22364: 22359: 22354: 22349: 22344: 22334: 22329: 22324: 22319: 22314: 22309: 22304: 22299: 22294: 22289: 22284: 22279: 22273: 22271: 22265: 22264: 22262: 22261: 22254: 22246: 22244: 22236: 22235: 22225: 22224: 22222: 22221: 22216: 22210: 22207: 22206: 22199: 22198: 22191: 22184: 22176: 22167: 22166: 22164: 22163: 22156: 22149: 22132: 22129: 22128: 22125: 22124: 22122: 22121: 22120: 22119: 22112: 22105: 22091: 22090: 22089: 22075: 22072:South Sakhalin 22068: 22067: 22066: 22052: 22045: 22038: 22031: 22024: 22023: 22022: 22008: 22001: 21994: 21987: 21980: 21973: 21966: 21959: 21952: 21945: 21938: 21931: 21924: 21917: 21909: 21907: 21901: 21900: 21898: 21897: 21890: 21889: 21888: 21872: 21865: 21864: 21863: 21849: 21842: 21835: 21828: 21821: 21812: 21803: 21796: 21787: 21780: 21773: 21766: 21757: 21750: 21743: 21736: 21729: 21722: 21715: 21706: 21699: 21690: 21681: 21672: 21665: 21658: 21647: 21637: 21635: 21629: 21628: 21626: 21625: 21618: 21617: 21616: 21609: 21595: 21588: 21581: 21574: 21567: 21566: 21565: 21551: 21544: 21535: 21528: 21521: 21514: 21507: 21500: 21497:Battle of Attu 21493: 21486: 21478: 21476: 21470: 21469: 21467: 21466: 21459: 21450: 21443: 21436: 21427: 21420: 21413: 21406: 21397: 21396: 21395: 21388: 21374: 21367: 21360: 21353: 21346: 21339: 21332: 21325: 21318: 21311: 21303: 21301: 21295: 21294: 21292: 21291: 21284: 21277: 21270: 21263: 21256: 21249: 21246:Battle of Guam 21242: 21235: 21228: 21221: 21214: 21207: 21200: 21193: 21186: 21179: 21172: 21169:Battle of Kiev 21165: 21158: 21144: 21143: 21142: 21128: 21121: 21114: 21107: 21100: 21099: 21098: 21084: 21077: 21070: 21062: 21060: 21054: 21053: 21051: 21050: 21041: 21034: 21027: 21020: 21013: 21006: 20999: 20992: 20985: 20978: 20971: 20964: 20957: 20950: 20943: 20936: 20929: 20922: 20914: 20912: 20906: 20905: 20903: 20902: 20895: 20888: 20881: 20874: 20867: 20860: 20852: 20850: 20844: 20843: 20841: 20840: 20839: 20838: 20831: 20824: 20817: 20810: 20796: 20795: 20794: 20787: 20773: 20772: 20771: 20756: 20754: 20745: 20739: 20738: 20735: 20734: 20732: 20731: 20724: 20717: 20716: 20715: 20708: 20696: 20695: 20694: 20680: 20673: 20672: 20671: 20668:United Kingdom 20664: 20657: 20656: 20655: 20636: 20628: 20626: 20620: 20619: 20617: 20616: 20609: 20608: 20607: 20600: 20588: 20581: 20574: 20567: 20560: 20553: 20546: 20539: 20532: 20525: 20518: 20511: 20504: 20497: 20490: 20489: 20488: 20481: 20467: 20460: 20453: 20446: 20439: 20432: 20425: 20418: 20411: 20404: 20397: 20390: 20383: 20376: 20369: 20362: 20354: 20352: 20346: 20345: 20343: 20342: 20335: 20328: 20321: 20314: 20307: 20300: 20293: 20286: 20279: 20272: 20264: 20262: 20256: 20255: 20253: 20252: 20245: 20238: 20231: 20223: 20216: 20209: 20202: 20201: 20200: 20185: 20178: 20171: 20164: 20157: 20150: 20142: 20135: 20128: 20120: 20112: 20110: 20104: 20103: 20101: 20100: 20093: 20092: 20091: 20077: 20076: 20075: 20072:British Empire 20065:United Kingdom 20061: 20054: 20047: 20040: 20033: 20026: 20014: 20007: 20000: 19993: 19986: 19979: 19972: 19965: 19958: 19946: 19939: 19932: 19925: 19918: 19906: 19898: 19891: 19884: 19881:Czechoslovakia 19877: 19870: 19863: 19856: 19844: 19837: 19830: 19823: 19815: 19813: 19804: 19798: 19797: 19794: 19793: 19791: 19790: 19789: 19788: 19781: 19778:Rape of Manila 19774: 19767: 19760: 19749: 19734: 19727: 19715: 19708: 19707: 19706: 19699: 19685: 19684: 19683: 19676: 19669: 19655: 19648: 19647: 19646: 19639: 19638: 19637: 19630: 19616: 19609: 19595: 19594: 19593: 19586: 19579: 19564: 19562: 19556: 19555: 19553: 19552: 19549:United Nations 19545: 19538: 19531: 19530: 19529: 19522: 19515: 19508: 19494: 19485: 19476: 19469: 19462: 19455: 19446: 19439: 19432: 19425: 19418: 19411: 19408:Decolonization 19404: 19397: 19389: 19387: 19381: 19380: 19378: 19377: 19370: 19369: 19368: 19354: 19347: 19346: 19345: 19338: 19331: 19317: 19316: 19315: 19308: 19294: 19293: 19292: 19285: 19278: 19271: 19264: 19257: 19242: 19240: 19234: 19233: 19231: 19230: 19223: 19216: 19209: 19202: 19195: 19188: 19181: 19180: 19179: 19172: 19158: 19151: 19144: 19137: 19130: 19123: 19116: 19115: 19114: 19100: 19093: 19092: 19091: 19084: 19081:United Kingdom 19077: 19063: 19056: 19049: 19042: 19035: 19028: 19021: 19020: 19019: 19004: 19002: 18993: 18989: 18988: 18986: 18985: 18978: 18971: 18970: 18969: 18962: 18955: 18943: 18942: 18941: 18927: 18919: 18916: 18915: 18908: 18907: 18900: 18893: 18885: 18876: 18875: 18873: 18872: 18867: 18862: 18856: 18854: 18848: 18847: 18844: 18843: 18841: 18840: 18835: 18834: 18833: 18828: 18818: 18807: 18805: 18801: 18800: 18798: 18797: 18792: 18787: 18782: 18776: 18774: 18767: 18766: 18759:Service medals 18756: 18751: 18746: 18744:Army Air Force 18741: 18730: 18728: 18722: 18721: 18714: 18712: 18709: 18708: 18706: 18705: 18700: 18695: 18689: 18687: 18681: 18680: 18678: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18656: 18654: 18653:American women 18647: 18646: 18641: 18636: 18631: 18629:Schools at War 18626: 18621: 18616: 18611: 18606: 18601: 18595: 18593: 18587: 18586: 18579: 18578: 18571: 18564: 18556: 18547: 18546: 18544: 18543: 18530: 18529: 18524: 18518: 18517: 18510: 18502: 18499: 18498: 18496: 18495: 18489: 18483: 18477: 18470: 18468: 18464: 18463: 18461: 18460: 18452: 18448:The First Lady 18444: 18436: 18428: 18420: 18412: 18407:(1975 song by 18400: 18391: 18389: 18385: 18384: 18382: 18381: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18356: 18351: 18346: 18340: 18338: 18334: 18333: 18331: 18330: 18325: 18324: 18323: 18318: 18311: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18275: 18273: 18267: 18266: 18264: 18263: 18258: 18253: 18252: 18251: 18241: 18236: 18230: 18228: 18224: 18223: 18221: 18220: 18215: 18210: 18205: 18200: 18194: 18192: 18188: 18187: 18184: 18183: 18181: 18180: 18175: 18170: 18165: 18164: 18163: 18158: 18148: 18142: 18137: 18132: 18127: 18121: 18116: 18110: 18105: 18099: 18093: 18087: 18081: 18080: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18059: 18053: 18047: 18046: 18045: 18040: 18035: 18025: 18024: 18023: 18013: 18012: 18011: 18001: 18000: 17999: 17988: 17983: 17976: 17974: 17968: 17967: 17965: 17964: 17958: 17953: 17952: 17951: 17939: 17938: 17937: 17932: 17927: 17913: 17907: 17906: 17905: 17894: 17888: 17882: 17876: 17870: 17869: 17868: 17863: 17854: 17849: 17844: 17839: 17829: 17823: 17817: 17811: 17805: 17799: 17796:War Brides Act 17793: 17787: 17786: 17785: 17780: 17769: 17763: 17761: 17759:Foreign policy 17752: 17751: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17731: 17729:Truman Balcony 17726: 17721: 17720: 17719: 17714: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17688: 17687: 17677: 17676: 17675: 17670: 17664:Inaugurations 17662: 17656: 17654: 17648: 17647: 17645: 17644: 17636: 17625: 17613: 17610: 17609: 17602: 17601: 17594: 17587: 17579: 17570: 17569: 17567: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17506: 17500: 17498: 17494: 17493: 17490: 17489: 17487: 17486: 17485: 17484: 17473: 17471: 17467: 17466: 17464: 17463: 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17428: 17423: 17417: 17415: 17409: 17408: 17406: 17405: 17400: 17398:State of Burma 17395: 17390: 17385: 17380: 17375: 17369: 17367: 17363: 17362: 17360: 17359: 17354: 17349: 17344: 17339: 17326: 17324: 17317: 17313: 17312: 17309: 17308: 17306: 17305: 17300: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17219:Musha Incident 17216: 17211: 17209:Jinan incident 17206: 17200: 17198: 17192: 17191: 17189: 17188: 17183: 17178: 17173: 17168: 17163: 17158: 17153: 17148: 17143: 17142: 17141: 17130: 17128: 17122: 17121: 17119: 17118: 17113: 17108: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17088: 17083: 17078: 17073: 17068: 17066:Beipu uprising 17063: 17057: 17055: 17050: 17044: 17040: 17039: 17036: 17035: 17033: 17032: 17030:Treaty Faction 17027: 17022: 17017: 17012: 17007: 17001: 16999: 16994: 16991: 16990: 16988: 16987: 16982: 16977: 16972: 16967: 16962: 16960:Imperial Guard 16957: 16952: 16947: 16941: 16939: 16934: 16931: 16930: 16928: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16901: 16900: 16885: 16884: 16883: 16878: 16867: 16865: 16860: 16854: 16850: 16849: 16846: 16845: 16843: 16842: 16841: 16840: 16835: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16809: 16807: 16800: 16797: 16796: 16794: 16793: 16788: 16783: 16778: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16733: 16727: 16725: 16720:Administration 16718: 16712: 16708: 16707: 16705: 16704: 16699: 16694: 16689: 16684: 16679: 16674: 16669: 16664: 16659: 16654: 16649: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16629: 16624: 16619: 16613: 16611: 16607: 16606: 16604: 16603: 16598: 16597: 16596: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16571: 16566: 16560: 16558: 16554: 16553: 16551: 16550: 16542: 16534: 16525: 16523: 16519: 16518: 16511: 16509: 16507: 16506: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16485: 16484: 16474: 16469: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16418: 16416: 16412: 16411: 16404: 16403: 16396: 16389: 16381: 16372: 16371: 16361: 16358: 16357: 16355: 16354: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16324: 16319: 16314: 16309: 16304: 16299: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16265:Chicago Pile-1 16262: 16260:Calutron Girls 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16236: 16234: 16233:Related topics 16230: 16229: 16227: 16226: 16221: 16216: 16211: 16205: 16203: 16199: 16198: 16196: 16195: 16188: 16181: 16174: 16169: 16164: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16138: 16136: 16132: 16131: 16129: 16128: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16103: 16098: 16096:Stanisław Ulam 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16038: 16033: 16031:Edwin McMillan 16028: 16023: 16018: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15976:Harry Daghlian 15973: 15968: 15966:John Cockcroft 15963: 15961:James Chadwick 15958: 15953: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15927: 15925: 15921: 15920: 15918: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15885:Charles Thomas 15882: 15880:Frank Spedding 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15842: 15840:James Marshall 15837: 15832: 15827: 15822: 15820:Thomas Farrell 15817: 15812: 15807: 15805:Arthur Compton 15802: 15796: 15794: 15793:Administrators 15790: 15789: 15787: 15786: 15781: 15776: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15746: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15721: 15716: 15710: 15708: 15704: 15703: 15698: 15695: 15694: 15687: 15686: 15679: 15672: 15664: 15658: 15657: 15651: 15649:Democracy Now! 15642: 15637: 15632: 15618: 15615: 15614: 15613: 15591: 15590:Bibliographies 15588: 15587: 15586: 15570: 15552: 15549: 15548: 15547: 15531: 15520: 15509: 15498: 15485: 15472: 15452: 15432: 15410: 15394: 15378: 15362: 15332: 15329: 15328: 15327: 15307: 15283: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15265:External links 15263: 15262: 15261: 15251: 15239: 15238:Historiography 15236: 15234: 15233: 15213: 15187:(4): 162–179. 15176: 15170: 15152: 15146: 15131: 15125: 15112: 15079:(7): 971–991. 15061: 15055: 15042: 15025: 15011: 14998: 14992: 14979: 14962: 14948: 14935: 14926: 14920: 14904: 14890: 14874: 14868: 14855: 14849: 14836: 14830: 14814: 14808: 14793: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14776: 14762: 14746: 14712:(9): 409–415. 14701: 14684: 14653: 14639: 14626: 14605: 14584: 14558:(2): 311–334. 14547: 14514: 14500: 14487: 14464: 14411: 14397: 14384: 14370: 14357: 14343: 14327: 14321: 14305: 14291: 14278: 14272: 14259: 14245: 14232: 14218: 14202: 14182:10.2307/827841 14176:(4): 434–452. 14165: 14151: 14131: 14117: 14104: 14090: 14077: 14063: 14050: 14044: 14029: 13995: 13973: 13959: 13941: 13927: 13912: 13886:(9): 765–778. 13875: 13869: 13854: 13837: 13803:(2): 521–528. 13784: 13770: 13754: 13740: 13727: 13706: 13700: 13687: 13677:on 25 May 2009 13650: 13636: 13623: 13603: 13597: 13580: 13568:No High Ground 13563: 13549: 13525: 13488: 13482: 13467: 13447:(2): 183–203. 13432: 13418: 13405: 13388: 13382: 13369: 13363: 13348: 13334: 13321: 13304: 13290: 13273: 13259: 13235: 13221: 13208: 13192: 13171: 13150: 13118: 13112: 13099: 13093: 13075: 13061: 13045: 13016: 13002: 12989: 12975: 12963:Groves, Leslie 12959: 12939: 12925: 12910: 12876: 12862: 12849: 12843: 12830: 12824: 12808: 12802: 12789: 12775: 12759: 12745: 12728: 12714: 12699: 12685: 12673:Dower, John W. 12669: 12655: 12638: 12612: 12592: 12571: 12554: 12534:Coox, Alvin D. 12530: 12509: 12495: 12482: 12468: 12455: 12449: 12436: 12422: 12405: 12391: 12371: 12365: 12352: 12346: 12333: 12327: 12314: 12308: 12292: 12260: 12226:(4): 149–173. 12212: 12198: 12182: 12168: 12155: 12124: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12094: 12093: 12071: 12041: 12038:. 7 July 2020. 12023: 12009: 11997: 11995:, p. 272. 11985: 11973: 11971:, p. 765. 11961: 11959:, p. 269. 11949: 11935: 11917: 11898: 11896:, p. 291. 11886: 11884:, p. 267. 11871: 11859:The Daily Star 11842: 11830: 11818: 11791:(4): 759–793. 11775: 11758: 11738: 11731: 11723:Berghahn Books 11710: 11662: 11648: 11636: 11625: 11597: 11585: 11583:, p. 279. 11573: 11561: 11549: 11537: 11535:, p. 334. 11525: 11503: 11492:. World Guides 11481: 11459: 11437: 11411: 11385: 11360: 11348: 11322: 11310: 11308:, p. 111. 11298: 11272: 11246: 11216: 11204: 11173: 11147: 11122: 11091:(3): 382–387. 11071: 11049: 11023: 11004:(5): 661–662. 10984: 10951: 10938:Ottawa Citizen 10924: 10896: 10868: 10840: 10814: 10787:(5): 344–349. 10771: 10712: 10661: 10642: 10619:(3): 617–619. 10595: 10574:(4): 309–320. 10551: 10508: 10493: 10460: 10453:"Data India". 10445: 10443:, p. 118. 10433: 10411: 10409:, p. 143. 10399: 10381: 10370:. E&E News 10358: 10328: 10321: 10295: 10269: 10239: 10237:, p. 101. 10227: 10213: 10199: 10173: 10154: 10131: 10060: 10028: 9999: 9966: 9952: 9940: 9928: 9926:, p. 239. 9913: 9887: 9870:The Miami News 9857: 9829: 9817: 9804:The New Yorker 9789: 9777: 9749: 9735:The New Yorker 9717: 9695: 9683: 9651: 9639: 9621: 9595: 9586: 9574: 9553: 9535: 9514: 9502: 9480: 9454: 9428: 9416: 9414:, p. 129. 9404: 9392: 9380: 9368: 9342: 9316: 9286: 9274: 9270:Giangreco 2009 9262: 9258:Bernstein 1991 9247: 9235: 9233:, p. 689. 9223: 9211: 9189: 9167: 9165:, p. 304. 9155: 9129: 9115:People's Daily 9101: 9073: 9047: 9015: 9004:. 25 June 2005 8987: 8957: 8927: 8915: 8913:, p. 367. 8903: 8901:, p. 184. 8891: 8889:, p. 222. 8879: 8854: 8842: 8840:, p. 346. 8830: 8826:Wainstock 1996 8818: 8806: 8770: 8768:, p. 295. 8758: 8746: 8734: 8712: 8700: 8670: 8651: 8649:, p. 211. 8639: 8637:, p. 212. 8627: 8606: 8594: 8563: 8551: 8549:, p. 114. 8539: 8527: 8515: 8513:, p. 309. 8503: 8474: 8472:, p. 342. 8462: 8447: 8432: 8430:, p. 401. 8420: 8408: 8396: 8384: 8362: 8350: 8320: 8292: 8280: 8255: 8222: 8210: 8184: 8182:, p. 333. 8172: 8144: 8129: 8103: 8101:, p. 325. 8091: 8084: 8066: 8054: 8052:, p. 330. 8042: 8012: 7982: 7947: 7916: 7886: 7874: 7862: 7831: 7806: 7776: 7750: 7721: 7706: 7691: 7676: 7664: 7638: 7600: 7574: 7562: 7532: 7500: 7483: 7471: 7469:, p. 415. 7459: 7457:, p. 414. 7447: 7435: 7407: 7381: 7369: 7367:, p. 467. 7357: 7355:, p. 462. 7345: 7319: 7290: 7263: 7240: 7238:, p. 267. 7228: 7226:, p. 330. 7216: 7214:, p. 262. 7204: 7192: 7159: 7157:, p. 263. 7142: 7140:, p. 316. 7130: 7118: 7106: 7079: 7062: 7058:Giangreco 2009 7050: 7038: 7034:Giangreco 2009 7026: 7014: 7002: 6990: 6988:, p. 265. 6975: 6973:, p. 262. 6960: 6948: 6936: 6934:, p. 290. 6924: 6908: 6896: 6884: 6860: 6836: 6824: 6802: 6800:, p. 372. 6790: 6773: 6771:, p. 215. 6761: 6733: 6716: 6714:, p. 138. 6701: 6699:, p. 153. 6689: 6687:, p. 656. 6674: 6633: 6603: 6591: 6579: 6567: 6565:, p. 240. 6555: 6543: 6541:, p. 530. 6528: 6516: 6504: 6502:, p. 529. 6489: 6463: 6451: 6439: 6437:, p. 101. 6427: 6394: 6382: 6380:, p. 176. 6378:Christman 1998 6370: 6368:, p. 100. 6358: 6322: 6310: 6308:, p. 706. 6298: 6286: 6260: 6228: 6196: 6184: 6152: 6126: 6114: 6102: 6090: 6086:MeasuringWorth 6080:United States 6068:MeasuringWorth 6053: 6041: 6029: 6017: 6005: 6003:, p. 429. 5993: 5989:Giangreco 2009 5981: 5969: 5957: 5955:, p. 422. 5945: 5933: 5921: 5919:, p. 207. 5909: 5897: 5885: 5883:, p. 750. 5873: 5871:, p. 250. 5861: 5849: 5837: 5825: 5794: 5767: 5741: 5729: 5717: 5715:, p. 566. 5705: 5693: 5681: 5669: 5657: 5645: 5633: 5621: 5609: 5597: 5595:, p. 112. 5593:Giangreco 2009 5582: 5560: 5558:, p. 340. 5548: 5544:Giangreco 2009 5536: 5524: 5494: 5482: 5478:Giangreco 2009 5470: 5466:Giangreco 2009 5458: 5454:Giangreco 2009 5446: 5442:Giangreco 2009 5434: 5430:Giangreco 2009 5422: 5410: 5398: 5383: 5371: 5369:, p. 527. 5359: 5357:, p. 532. 5347: 5345:, p. 307. 5335: 5331:Giangreco 2009 5320: 5306: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5210:Main article: 5207: 5204: 5168:aerial warfare 5152:Main article: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5099:Gar Alperovitz 5083: 5059:Main article: 5056: 5053: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5031: 5016: 5001: 4986: 4940: 4937: 4921: 4920: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4861:(hypocenter), 4859:Shima Hospital 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4795: 4792: 4776:nijū hibakusha 4767: 4764: 4736:discrimination 4656:Main article: 4653: 4648: 4621:absorption of 4612:, whereas the 4571:synaptogenesis 4511: 4508: 4477:microencephaly 4441:radiosensitive 4420: 4417: 4390:, in the 1987 4375:latency period 4367: 4364: 4236: 4233: 4229:mushroom cloud 4142:The New Yorker 4133:Pulitzer Prize 4108:Nippon Eigasha 4104:Nippon Eigasha 4095:Nippon Eigasha 4075:New York Times 3929: 3926: 3869:Shigenori Tōgō 3819: 3816: 3804:Kirtland Field 3767:Main article: 3764: 3761: 3701:Urakami Valley 3696: 3693: 3614:Urakami Valley 3463: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3414: 3406: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3393: 3385: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372:Laggin' Dragon 3367: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3305: 3302: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3217:Yoshio Nishina 3146: 3136: 3119: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3093: 3090: 3060: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3032: 2991:Senkichi Awaya 2936:mushroom cloud 2925: 2924: 2921: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2842: 2840: 2833: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2802: 2800: 2794: 2787: 2785: 2778: 2771: 2769: 2762: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2662:magnesium bomb 2631: 2628: 2578:Thomas Ferebee 2567:Straight Flush 2522: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2504: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491:Necessary Evil 2486: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2473: 2465: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2452: 2444: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2426: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2395: 2392:Straight Flush 2387: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2361:Necessary Evil 2356:Necessary Evil 2315: 2312: 2283:224th Division 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2181:plutonium core 2153: 2150: 2139:William Penney 2096:Kantarō Suzuki 2093:Prime Minister 2065:Main article: 2062: 2059: 2048: 2047: 2044: 1974: 1971: 1927: 1924: 1893:Arthur Compton 1873: 1870: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1807: 1761:William Penney 1727: 1724: 1709:Thomas Farrell 1685:Emile Berliner 1638:War Department 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1506:MAUD Committee 1486:Main article: 1468: 1465: 1428:Ryukyu Islands 1296:Main article: 1293: 1290: 1276:were moved to 1117:Main article: 1114: 1111: 1100:Fumimaro Konoe 1076:taken prisoner 1060:invaded Borneo 1027:included both 957:Main article: 954: 951: 949: 946: 794:ending the war 759: 758: 748: 747: 742: 741: 740: 730: 722: 721: 715: 714: 709: 702: 701: 700: 690: 688:South Sakhalin 685: 680: 675: 668: 663: 658: 657: 656: 651: 646: 641: 630: 629: 623: 622: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 579: 578: 572: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 524: 519: 513: 512: 506: 505: 500: 495: 490: 484: 483: 477: 476: 471: 464: 457: 450: 445: 443:Malacca Strait 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 404: 403: 401:Southeast Asia 397: 396: 391: 386: 385: 384: 374: 369: 368: 367: 357: 351: 350: 344: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 311:Doolittle Raid 308: 301: 296: 290: 289: 283: 280: 279: 270: 269: 262: 255: 247: 239: 238: 236: 235: 230: 228: 227: 226: 225: 222: 219: 211: 209: 208: 207: 206: 203: 200: 192: 190: 186: 185: 183: 182: 177: 168: 166: 162: 161: 158: 154: 153: 81: 79: 75: 74: 69: 65: 64: 57: 49: 48: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 26225: 26214: 26211: 26209: 26206: 26204: 26201: 26199: 26196: 26194: 26191: 26189: 26186: 26184: 26181: 26179: 26176: 26174: 26171: 26169: 26166: 26164: 26163:1945 in Japan 26161: 26160: 26158: 26148: 26147:United States 26138: 26136: 26126: 26124: 26114: 26113: 26110: 26093: 26090: 26089: 26087: 26083: 26080: 26078: 26074: 26064: 26061: 26059: 26056: 26054: 26051: 26049: 26046: 26045: 26043: 26039: 26033: 26030: 26028: 26025: 26023: 26020: 26018: 26015: 26014: 26012: 26008: 26005: 26003: 25997: 25987:(Philippines) 25986: 25983: 25980: 25977: 25974: 25971: 25968: 25965: 25964: 25962: 25958: 25952: 25949: 25947: 25944: 25943: 25941: 25939:United States 25937: 25931: 25928: 25926: 25923: 25922: 25920: 25916: 25910: 25907: 25905: 25902: 25901: 25899: 25895: 25884: 25881: 25880: 25878: 25874: 25868: 25865: 25861: 25858: 25857: 25856: 25853: 25851: 25848: 25846: 25843: 25841: 25838: 25835: 25834:10 March 1945 25831: 25828: 25826: 25823: 25821: 25818: 25816: 25813: 25811: 25808: 25806: 25803: 25801: 25798: 25796: 25793: 25791: 25788: 25786: 25783: 25781: 25778: 25776: 25773: 25771: 25768: 25766: 25763: 25761: 25758: 25756: 25753: 25751: 25748: 25746: 25743: 25741: 25738: 25736: 25733: 25731: 25728: 25727: 25725: 25721: 25715: 25712: 25710: 25707: 25706: 25704: 25700: 25694: 25691: 25689: 25686: 25684: 25681: 25679: 25676: 25675: 25673: 25669: 25661: 25658: 25656: 25653: 25652: 25651: 25648: 25647: 25645: 25641: 25638: 25636: 25632: 25621: 25618: 25615: 25612: 25609: 25606: 25604:(Switzerland) 25603: 25600: 25597: 25594: 25591: 25588: 25585: 25582: 25579: 25576: 25573: 25570: 25567: 25564: 25563: 25561: 25557: 25551: 25548: 25546: 25543: 25539: 25536: 25534: 25531: 25530: 25528: 25527: 25525: 25521: 25513: 25510: 25508: 25505: 25503: 25500: 25498: 25495: 25493: 25490: 25488: 25485: 25483: 25480: 25478: 25475: 25473: 25470: 25468: 25465: 25463: 25460: 25458: 25455: 25453: 25450: 25448: 25445: 25443: 25440: 25438: 25435: 25433: 25430: 25428: 25425: 25423: 25420: 25418: 25415: 25413: 25410: 25408: 25405: 25403: 25400: 25399: 25398: 25395: 25393: 25390: 25388: 25385: 25384: 25382: 25376: 25370: 25367: 25365: 25362: 25360: 25357: 25355: 25352: 25351: 25349: 25345: 25339: 25336: 25334: 25331: 25330: 25328: 25324: 25318: 25315: 25313: 25310: 25308: 25305: 25304: 25302: 25298: 25292: 25289: 25287: 25284: 25282: 25279: 25277: 25274: 25272: 25269: 25267: 25264: 25262: 25259: 25257: 25254: 25252: 25249: 25248: 25246: 25242: 25236: 25233: 25231: 25228: 25226: 25223: 25221: 25218: 25216: 25213: 25211: 25208: 25206: 25203: 25201: 25198: 25196: 25193: 25191: 25188: 25186: 25183: 25181: 25178: 25176: 25173: 25171: 25168: 25166: 25163: 25161: 25158: 25156: 25153: 25151: 25148: 25146: 25143: 25141: 25138: 25136: 25133: 25131: 25128: 25126: 25123: 25121: 25118: 25116: 25113: 25111: 25108: 25106: 25103: 25101: 25098: 25096: 25093: 25091: 25088: 25086: 25083: 25081: 25078: 25076: 25073: 25072: 25070: 25066: 25056: 25053: 25051: 25048: 25046: 25045:Wilhelmshaven 25043: 25041: 25038: 25036: 25033: 25031: 25028: 25026: 25023: 25021: 25018: 25016: 25013: 25011: 25008: 25006: 25003: 25001: 24998: 24996: 24993: 24991: 24988: 24986: 24983: 24981: 24978: 24976: 24973: 24971: 24968: 24966: 24963: 24961: 24958: 24956: 24953: 24951: 24948: 24946: 24943: 24941: 24938: 24936: 24933: 24931: 24928: 24926: 24923: 24921: 24918: 24916: 24913: 24911: 24908: 24906: 24903: 24901: 24898: 24896: 24893: 24891: 24888: 24886: 24883: 24881: 24878: 24876: 24873: 24871: 24868: 24866: 24863: 24861: 24858: 24856: 24853: 24851: 24848: 24846: 24843: 24841: 24838: 24836: 24833: 24831: 24828: 24826: 24823: 24821: 24818: 24816: 24813: 24811: 24808: 24806: 24803: 24801: 24798: 24796: 24793: 24791: 24788: 24786: 24783: 24781: 24778: 24776: 24773: 24771: 24768: 24766: 24763: 24761: 24758: 24756: 24753: 24751: 24748: 24747: 24745: 24741: 24735: 24732: 24730: 24727: 24725: 24724:Gelsenkirchen 24722: 24720: 24717: 24715: 24712: 24710: 24707: 24705: 24702: 24700: 24697: 24695: 24692: 24691: 24689: 24687: 24681: 24678: 24674: 24668: 24665: 24663: 24660: 24658: 24655: 24653: 24650: 24649: 24647: 24643: 24637: 24634: 24632: 24629: 24628: 24626: 24622: 24616: 24613: 24611: 24608: 24607: 24605: 24601: 24598: 24596: 24592: 24586: 24583: 24581: 24578: 24576: 24573: 24571: 24568: 24566: 24563: 24561: 24558: 24557: 24554: 24550: 24543: 24538: 24536: 24531: 24529: 24524: 24523: 24520: 24508: 24504: 24500: 24498: 24490: 24488: 24485: 24483: 24482:List of years 24480: 24479: 24476: 24462: 24454: 24452: 24451:Urban history 24449: 24448: 24446: 24442: 24436: 24433: 24431: 24430:Palmyra Atoll 24428: 24426: 24423: 24421: 24418: 24416: 24413: 24411: 24408: 24406: 24405:Jarvis Island 24403: 24401: 24398: 24396: 24393: 24392: 24390: 24386: 24380: 24377: 24375: 24372: 24370: 24367: 24365: 24362: 24360: 24357: 24356: 24354: 24352:Insular areas 24350: 24346: 24342: 24338: 24332: 24329: 24327: 24324: 24322: 24321:West Virginia 24319: 24317: 24314: 24312: 24309: 24307: 24304: 24302: 24299: 24297: 24294: 24292: 24289: 24287: 24284: 24282: 24279: 24277: 24274: 24272: 24269: 24267: 24264: 24262: 24259: 24257: 24254: 24252: 24249: 24247: 24244: 24242: 24239: 24237: 24234: 24232: 24229: 24227: 24226:New Hampshire 24224: 24222: 24219: 24217: 24214: 24212: 24209: 24207: 24204: 24202: 24199: 24197: 24194: 24192: 24189: 24187: 24186:Massachusetts 24184: 24182: 24179: 24177: 24174: 24172: 24169: 24167: 24164: 24162: 24159: 24157: 24154: 24152: 24149: 24147: 24144: 24142: 24139: 24137: 24134: 24132: 24129: 24127: 24124: 24122: 24119: 24117: 24114: 24112: 24109: 24107: 24104: 24102: 24099: 24097: 24094: 24092: 24089: 24087: 24084: 24083: 24081: 24077: 24071: 24068: 24066: 24063: 24061: 24058: 24057: 24055: 24051: 24045: 24042: 24040: 24037: 24035: 24032: 24030: 24027: 24025: 24022: 24021: 24019: 24017: 24013: 24009: 24002: 23998: 23986: 23983: 23981: 23978: 23976: 23973: 23972: 23971: 23970: 23966: 23964: 23963: 23959: 23955: 23952: 23950: 23947: 23946: 23945: 23944: 23940: 23936: 23933: 23931: 23928: 23926: 23923: 23921: 23918: 23916: 23913: 23911: 23908: 23907: 23906: 23905: 23901: 23899: 23898: 23894: 23890: 23887: 23886: 23885: 23884: 23880: 23876: 23873: 23871: 23868: 23866: 23863: 23861: 23858: 23856: 23853: 23851: 23848: 23846: 23843: 23841: 23838: 23836: 23833: 23832: 23831: 23830: 23826: 23822: 23819: 23817: 23816:Thai American 23814: 23812: 23809: 23807: 23804: 23802: 23799: 23797: 23794: 23792: 23789: 23788: 23787: 23786: 23782: 23780: 23779: 23775: 23774: 23771: 23764: 23760: 23748: 23745: 23743: 23740: 23738: 23735: 23733: 23730: 23728: 23725: 23724: 23723: 23722: 23718: 23714: 23711: 23710: 23709: 23708: 23704: 23702: 23701: 23697: 23695: 23694: 23690: 23686: 23683: 23681: 23678: 23676: 23673: 23671: 23668: 23666: 23663: 23661: 23658: 23657: 23656: 23655: 23654:Party Systems 23651: 23647: 23644: 23642: 23639: 23637: 23634: 23632: 23629: 23627: 23624: 23622: 23619: 23618: 23617: 23616: 23612: 23610: 23609: 23605: 23603: 23602: 23598: 23594: 23593:Voting rights 23591: 23589: 23586: 23584: 23581: 23579: 23576: 23574: 23571: 23569: 23566: 23564: 23561: 23559: 23556: 23554: 23551: 23549: 23546: 23544: 23541: 23539: 23536: 23535: 23534: 23533: 23529: 23527: 23526: 23522: 23518: 23515: 23514: 23513: 23512: 23508: 23504: 23501: 23500: 23499: 23498: 23494: 23490: 23487: 23486: 23485: 23484: 23480: 23476: 23473: 23471: 23468: 23466: 23463: 23461: 23458: 23457: 23456: 23455: 23451: 23449: 23448: 23444: 23442: 23441: 23437: 23436: 23433: 23426: 23422: 23408: 23405: 23403: 23400: 23398: 23397: 23393: 23391: 23388: 23386: 23383: 23381: 23378: 23374: 23371: 23370: 23369: 23366: 23364: 23361: 23359: 23358: 23354: 23352: 23349: 23345: 23342: 23340: 23337: 23335: 23332: 23330: 23327: 23325: 23322: 23320: 23317: 23315: 23312: 23310: 23307: 23306: 23305: 23302: 23300: 23297: 23296: 23294: 23292: 23288: 23282: 23279: 23277: 23274: 23272: 23269: 23265: 23262: 23260: 23257: 23256: 23255: 23254:War on terror 23252: 23250: 23247: 23245: 23244: 23240: 23238: 23235: 23233: 23230: 23228: 23225: 23223: 23220: 23218: 23215: 23213: 23210: 23208: 23205: 23203: 23200: 23199: 23197: 23195: 23191: 23185: 23182: 23180: 23177: 23175: 23172: 23168: 23165: 23163: 23160: 23158: 23155: 23154: 23153: 23152:Late Cold War 23150: 23148: 23145: 23141: 23138: 23136: 23133: 23132: 23131: 23128: 23127: 23125: 23123: 23119: 23113: 23110: 23108: 23105: 23103: 23100: 23096: 23093: 23092: 23091: 23088: 23086: 23083: 23081: 23078: 23076: 23073: 23069: 23066: 23064: 23061: 23059: 23056: 23055: 23054: 23051: 23047: 23044: 23042: 23039: 23038: 23037: 23034: 23032: 23031:Great Society 23029: 23028: 23026: 23024: 23020: 23014: 23011: 23007: 23004: 23003: 23002: 22999: 22997: 22994: 22992: 22989: 22987: 22986:Post-war boom 22984: 22980: 22977: 22975: 22972: 22970: 22967: 22965: 22962: 22961: 22960: 22957: 22953: 22950: 22949: 22948: 22945: 22943: 22940: 22939: 22937: 22935: 22931: 22921: 22918: 22917: 22916: 22913: 22911: 22908: 22906: 22903: 22902: 22901: 22898: 22894: 22891: 22889: 22886: 22884: 22881: 22880: 22879: 22876: 22872: 22869: 22867: 22864: 22862: 22859: 22857: 22854: 22852: 22849: 22847: 22844: 22843: 22842: 22839: 22837: 22834: 22830: 22827: 22826: 22825: 22822: 22821: 22819: 22817: 22813: 22807: 22804: 22800: 22797: 22795: 22792: 22790: 22787: 22785: 22782: 22781: 22780: 22777: 22773: 22770: 22768: 22765: 22763: 22760: 22758: 22755: 22753: 22750: 22748: 22745: 22744: 22743: 22740: 22738: 22735: 22731: 22728: 22726: 22723: 22721: 22718: 22716: 22713: 22711: 22708: 22707: 22706: 22703: 22702: 22700: 22698: 22694: 22686: 22683: 22681: 22678: 22677: 22676: 22673: 22669: 22666: 22664: 22661: 22659: 22656: 22652: 22649: 22648: 22647: 22644: 22642: 22639: 22637: 22634: 22633: 22632: 22629: 22627: 22624: 22622: 22619: 22618: 22616: 22614: 22610: 22604: 22601: 22599: 22596: 22592: 22589: 22587: 22584: 22582: 22579: 22577: 22574: 22572: 22569: 22567: 22564: 22563: 22562: 22559: 22555: 22552: 22550: 22547: 22546: 22545: 22542: 22541: 22539: 22537: 22533: 22525: 22522: 22520: 22517: 22516: 22515: 22512: 22508: 22505: 22503: 22500: 22499: 22498: 22495: 22493: 22490: 22489: 22487: 22485: 22481: 22473: 22470: 22468: 22465: 22463: 22460: 22458: 22455: 22453: 22450: 22447: 22446: 22445: 22442: 22438: 22435: 22433: 22430: 22428: 22425: 22423: 22420: 22418: 22415: 22414: 22413: 22410: 22409: 22407: 22405: 22401: 22393: 22390: 22388: 22385: 22383: 22380: 22378: 22375: 22373: 22370: 22368: 22365: 22363: 22360: 22358: 22355: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22339: 22338: 22335: 22333: 22330: 22328: 22325: 22323: 22320: 22318: 22315: 22313: 22310: 22308: 22305: 22303: 22300: 22298: 22295: 22293: 22290: 22288: 22285: 22283: 22280: 22278: 22275: 22274: 22272: 22270: 22266: 22260: 22259: 22255: 22253: 22252: 22248: 22247: 22245: 22241: 22237: 22230: 22226: 22220: 22217: 22215: 22212: 22211: 22208: 22204: 22197: 22192: 22190: 22185: 22183: 22178: 22177: 22174: 22161: 22157: 22154: 22150: 22147: 22146: 22141: 22134: 22133: 22130: 22117: 22113: 22110: 22106: 22103: 22099: 22098: 22096: 22092: 22087: 22083: 22082: 22080: 22079:Kuril Islands 22076: 22073: 22069: 22064: 22060: 22059: 22057: 22053: 22050: 22046: 22043: 22039: 22036: 22032: 22029: 22025: 22020: 22016: 22015: 22013: 22009: 22006: 22002: 21999: 21995: 21992: 21988: 21985: 21981: 21978: 21974: 21971: 21967: 21964: 21960: 21957: 21953: 21950: 21946: 21943: 21939: 21936: 21932: 21929: 21925: 21922: 21918: 21915: 21911: 21910: 21908: 21906: 21902: 21895: 21891: 21886: 21885: 21880: 21879: 21877: 21873: 21870: 21866: 21861: 21857: 21856: 21854: 21850: 21847: 21846:Syrmian Front 21843: 21840: 21836: 21833: 21829: 21826: 21822: 21819: 21818: 21813: 21810: 21809: 21804: 21801: 21797: 21794: 21793: 21792:Market Garden 21788: 21785: 21781: 21778: 21774: 21771: 21767: 21764: 21763: 21758: 21755: 21751: 21748: 21744: 21741: 21737: 21734: 21730: 21727: 21723: 21720: 21716: 21713: 21712: 21707: 21704: 21700: 21697: 21696: 21691: 21688: 21687: 21682: 21679: 21678: 21673: 21670: 21666: 21663: 21659: 21656: 21652: 21651:Monte Cassino 21648: 21645: 21644: 21639: 21638: 21636: 21634: 21630: 21623: 21619: 21614: 21610: 21607: 21603: 21602: 21600: 21596: 21593: 21589: 21586: 21582: 21579: 21575: 21572: 21568: 21563: 21559: 21558: 21556: 21552: 21549: 21545: 21542: 21541: 21536: 21533: 21529: 21526: 21522: 21519: 21515: 21512: 21508: 21505: 21501: 21498: 21494: 21491: 21487: 21484: 21480: 21479: 21477: 21475: 21471: 21464: 21460: 21457: 21456: 21451: 21448: 21444: 21441: 21437: 21434: 21433: 21428: 21425: 21421: 21418: 21414: 21411: 21407: 21404: 21403: 21398: 21393: 21389: 21386: 21382: 21381: 21379: 21375: 21372: 21368: 21365: 21361: 21358: 21354: 21351: 21347: 21344: 21340: 21337: 21333: 21330: 21326: 21323: 21319: 21316: 21312: 21309: 21305: 21304: 21302: 21300: 21296: 21289: 21285: 21282: 21278: 21275: 21271: 21268: 21264: 21261: 21257: 21254: 21250: 21247: 21243: 21240: 21236: 21233: 21229: 21226: 21222: 21219: 21215: 21212: 21208: 21205: 21201: 21198: 21194: 21191: 21187: 21184: 21180: 21177: 21173: 21170: 21166: 21163: 21159: 21155: 21154: 21149: 21145: 21140: 21136: 21135: 21133: 21129: 21126: 21122: 21119: 21115: 21112: 21108: 21105: 21101: 21096: 21092: 21091: 21089: 21085: 21082: 21078: 21075: 21071: 21068: 21064: 21063: 21061: 21059: 21055: 21048: 21047: 21042: 21039: 21035: 21032: 21028: 21025: 21021: 21018: 21017:Baltic states 21014: 21011: 21007: 21004: 21000: 20997: 20993: 20990: 20986: 20983: 20979: 20976: 20972: 20969: 20965: 20962: 20958: 20955: 20951: 20948: 20944: 20941: 20937: 20934: 20930: 20927: 20923: 20920: 20916: 20915: 20913: 20911: 20907: 20900: 20896: 20893: 20889: 20886: 20882: 20879: 20875: 20872: 20868: 20865: 20861: 20858: 20854: 20853: 20851: 20849: 20845: 20836: 20832: 20829: 20825: 20822: 20818: 20815: 20811: 20808: 20804: 20803: 20801: 20797: 20792: 20788: 20785: 20781: 20780: 20778: 20774: 20769: 20765: 20764: 20762: 20758: 20757: 20755: 20753: 20749: 20746: 20744: 20740: 20729: 20725: 20722: 20718: 20713: 20709: 20706: 20702: 20701: 20697: 20692: 20688: 20687: 20685: 20681: 20678: 20674: 20669: 20665: 20662: 20661:United States 20658: 20653: 20649: 20648: 20646: 20642: 20641: 20637: 20634: 20630: 20629: 20627: 20625: 20621: 20614: 20610: 20605: 20601: 20598: 20597:Quốc dân Đảng 20594: 20593: 20589: 20586: 20582: 20579: 20575: 20572: 20568: 20565: 20561: 20558: 20554: 20551: 20547: 20544: 20540: 20537: 20533: 20530: 20526: 20523: 20519: 20516: 20512: 20509: 20505: 20502: 20498: 20495: 20491: 20486: 20482: 20479: 20475: 20474: 20472: 20468: 20465: 20461: 20458: 20454: 20451: 20447: 20444: 20440: 20437: 20433: 20430: 20426: 20423: 20419: 20416: 20412: 20409: 20405: 20402: 20398: 20395: 20391: 20388: 20384: 20381: 20377: 20374: 20370: 20367: 20363: 20360: 20356: 20355: 20353: 20351: 20347: 20340: 20336: 20333: 20329: 20326: 20322: 20319: 20315: 20312: 20308: 20305: 20301: 20298: 20297:Liechtenstein 20294: 20291: 20287: 20284: 20280: 20277: 20273: 20270: 20266: 20265: 20263: 20261: 20257: 20250: 20246: 20243: 20239: 20236: 20232: 20228: 20224: 20221: 20217: 20214: 20210: 20207: 20203: 20198: 20194: 20193: 20190: 20186: 20183: 20179: 20176: 20172: 20169: 20165: 20162: 20158: 20155: 20151: 20147: 20143: 20140: 20136: 20133: 20129: 20125: 20121: 20118: 20114: 20113: 20111: 20109: 20105: 20098: 20094: 20089: 20085: 20084: 20082: 20081:United States 20078: 20073: 20069: 20068: 20066: 20062: 20059: 20055: 20052: 20048: 20045: 20041: 20038: 20034: 20031: 20027: 20023: 20019: 20015: 20012: 20008: 20005: 20001: 19998: 19994: 19991: 19987: 19984: 19980: 19977: 19973: 19970: 19966: 19963: 19959: 19955: 19951: 19947: 19944: 19940: 19937: 19933: 19930: 19926: 19923: 19919: 19915: 19911: 19907: 19903: 19899: 19896: 19892: 19889: 19885: 19882: 19878: 19875: 19871: 19868: 19864: 19861: 19857: 19853: 19849: 19845: 19842: 19838: 19835: 19831: 19828: 19824: 19821: 19817: 19816: 19814: 19812: 19808: 19805: 19803: 19799: 19786: 19782: 19779: 19775: 19772: 19771:Comfort women 19768: 19765: 19761: 19758: 19755: / 19754: 19750: 19747: 19744: / 19743: 19740: / 19739: 19735: 19732: 19731:Camp brothels 19728: 19725: 19721: 19720: 19716: 19713: 19709: 19704: 19700: 19697: 19693: 19692: 19690: 19686: 19681: 19677: 19674: 19670: 19667: 19663: 19662: 19660: 19656: 19653: 19649: 19644: 19640: 19635: 19631: 19628: 19624: 19623: 19621: 19620:The Holocaust 19617: 19614: 19610: 19607: 19606:forced labour 19603: 19602: 19600: 19596: 19591: 19587: 19584: 19580: 19577: 19573: 19572: 19570: 19566: 19565: 19563: 19561: 19557: 19550: 19546: 19543: 19539: 19536: 19532: 19527: 19523: 19520: 19516: 19513: 19509: 19506: 19502: 19501: 19499: 19495: 19492: 19491: 19486: 19483: 19482: 19477: 19474: 19470: 19467: 19463: 19460: 19459:Marshall Plan 19456: 19453: 19452: 19447: 19444: 19440: 19437: 19433: 19430: 19426: 19423: 19419: 19416: 19412: 19409: 19405: 19402: 19398: 19395: 19391: 19390: 19388: 19386: 19382: 19375: 19371: 19366: 19362: 19361: 19359: 19355: 19352: 19348: 19343: 19339: 19336: 19332: 19329: 19325: 19324: 19322: 19318: 19313: 19312:Eastern Front 19309: 19306: 19305:Western Front 19302: 19301: 19299: 19295: 19290: 19286: 19283: 19279: 19276: 19272: 19269: 19265: 19262: 19258: 19255: 19251: 19250: 19248: 19244: 19243: 19241: 19239: 19235: 19228: 19224: 19221: 19217: 19214: 19210: 19207: 19203: 19200: 19199:Puppet states 19196: 19193: 19189: 19186: 19182: 19177: 19173: 19170: 19166: 19165: 19163: 19159: 19156: 19152: 19149: 19145: 19142: 19141:Naval history 19138: 19135: 19131: 19128: 19124: 19121: 19117: 19112: 19108: 19107: 19105: 19101: 19098: 19094: 19089: 19088:United States 19085: 19082: 19078: 19075: 19071: 19070: 19068: 19064: 19061: 19057: 19054: 19050: 19047: 19043: 19040: 19036: 19033: 19029: 19026: 19022: 19017: 19013: 19012: 19010: 19006: 19005: 19003: 19001: 18997: 18994: 18990: 18983: 18979: 18976: 18972: 18967: 18963: 18960: 18956: 18953: 18949: 18948: 18944: 18939: 18935: 18934: 18932: 18928: 18925: 18921: 18920: 18917: 18913: 18906: 18901: 18899: 18894: 18892: 18887: 18886: 18883: 18871: 18868: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18857: 18855: 18853: 18849: 18839: 18836: 18832: 18829: 18827: 18824: 18823: 18822: 18819: 18816: 18812: 18809: 18808: 18806: 18802: 18796: 18793: 18791: 18788: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18778: 18777: 18775: 18771: 18764: 18760: 18757: 18755: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18739: 18735: 18732: 18731: 18729: 18727: 18723: 18718: 18704: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18694: 18691: 18690: 18688: 18686: 18682: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18657: 18655: 18651: 18645: 18642: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18632: 18630: 18627: 18625: 18622: 18620: 18617: 18615: 18612: 18610: 18607: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18597: 18596: 18594: 18592: 18588: 18584: 18577: 18572: 18570: 18565: 18563: 18558: 18557: 18554: 18542: 18541: 18532: 18531: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18519: 18516: 18515: 18511: 18509: 18508: 18504: 18503: 18500: 18493: 18490: 18487: 18484: 18481: 18478: 18475: 18472: 18471: 18469: 18465: 18458: 18457: 18453: 18450: 18449: 18445: 18442: 18441: 18437: 18434: 18433: 18429: 18426: 18425: 18421: 18418: 18417: 18413: 18410: 18406: 18405: 18401: 18398: 18397: 18393: 18392: 18390: 18386: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18345: 18342: 18341: 18339: 18335: 18329: 18326: 18322: 18321:campaign song 18319: 18316: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18306: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18276: 18274: 18272: 18268: 18262: 18259: 18257: 18254: 18250: 18247: 18246: 18245: 18242: 18240: 18237: 18235: 18232: 18231: 18229: 18225: 18219: 18216: 18214: 18211: 18209: 18206: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18195: 18193: 18189: 18179: 18176: 18174: 18171: 18169: 18166: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18153: 18152: 18149: 18146: 18143: 18141: 18138: 18136: 18133: 18131: 18128: 18125: 18122: 18120: 18117: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18103: 18100: 18097: 18094: 18091: 18088: 18085: 18082: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18064: 18063: 18060: 18057: 18054: 18051: 18048: 18044: 18041: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18031: 18030: 18029: 18026: 18022: 18019: 18018: 18017: 18014: 18010: 18007: 18006: 18005: 18002: 17998: 17994: 17993: 17992: 17989: 17987: 17984: 17981: 17978: 17977: 17975: 17973: 17969: 17962: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17949: 17945: 17944: 17943: 17940: 17936: 17933: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17919: 17918: 17917: 17914: 17911: 17908: 17904: 17900: 17899: 17898: 17895: 17892: 17889: 17886: 17885:Marshall Plan 17883: 17880: 17877: 17874: 17871: 17867: 17864: 17862: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17843: 17840: 17838: 17835: 17834: 17833: 17830: 17827: 17824: 17821: 17818: 17815: 17812: 17809: 17806: 17803: 17800: 17797: 17794: 17791: 17788: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17775: 17774: 17773: 17770: 17768: 17765: 17764: 17762: 17760: 17756: 17750: 17747: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17727: 17725: 17722: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17712:Supreme Court 17710: 17709: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17686: 17683: 17682: 17681: 17678: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17665: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17657: 17655: 17653: 17649: 17641: 17637: 17633: 17630: 17626: 17622: 17619: 17615: 17614: 17611: 17607: 17600: 17595: 17593: 17588: 17586: 17581: 17580: 17577: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17509:Fukoku kyōhei 17507: 17505: 17502: 17501: 17499: 17495: 17483: 17480: 17479: 17478: 17475: 17474: 17472: 17468: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17432: 17429: 17427: 17424: 17422: 17419: 17418: 17416: 17414: 17410: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17370: 17368: 17366:Puppet states 17364: 17358: 17355: 17353: 17350: 17348: 17345: 17343: 17340: 17337: 17336: 17331: 17328: 17327: 17325: 17321: 17318: 17314: 17304: 17301: 17298: 17294: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17201: 17199: 17197: 17193: 17187: 17184: 17182: 17179: 17177: 17174: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17159: 17157: 17154: 17152: 17149: 17147: 17144: 17140: 17137: 17136: 17135: 17132: 17131: 17129: 17127: 17123: 17117: 17114: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17077: 17074: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17064: 17062: 17059: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17048: 17045: 17041: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17025:Fleet Faction 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17005:General Staff 17003: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16992: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16945:General Staff 16943: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16932: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16899: 16898:military code 16897: 16893: 16892: 16891: 16890: 16886: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16873: 16872: 16869: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16858: 16855: 16851: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16830: 16829: 16828:Imperial Diet 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16818:Privy Council 16816: 16814: 16811: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16798: 16792: 16789: 16787: 16784: 16782: 16779: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16736:Home Ministry 16734: 16732: 16729: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16716: 16713: 16709: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16683: 16680: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16663: 16660: 16658: 16655: 16653: 16650: 16648: 16645: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16635: 16633: 16630: 16628: 16625: 16623: 16620: 16618: 16615: 16614: 16612: 16608: 16602: 16599: 16595: 16592: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16579:Imperial Seal 16577: 16576: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16564:Flag of Japan 16562: 16561: 16559: 16555: 16549: 16543: 16541: 16535: 16533: 16527: 16526: 16524: 16520: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16483: 16480: 16479: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16460: 16458: 16455: 16453: 16450: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16419: 16417: 16413: 16409: 16402: 16397: 16395: 16390: 16388: 16383: 16382: 16379: 16369: 16359: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16297: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16280:Franck Report 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16237: 16235: 16231: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16206: 16204: 16200: 16194: 16193: 16189: 16187: 16186: 16182: 16180: 16179: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16142:Alsos Mission 16140: 16139: 16137: 16133: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16116:Robert Wilson 16114: 16112: 16111:Eugene Wigner 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16091:Edward Teller 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16066:Glenn Seaborg 16064: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16036:Mark Oliphant 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16026:Willard Libby 16024: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15936:Robert Bacher 15934: 15932: 15929: 15928: 15926: 15922: 15916: 15915:Roscoe Wilson 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15830:John Lansdale 15828: 15826: 15825:Leslie Groves 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15800:Vannevar Bush 15798: 15797: 15795: 15791: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15711: 15709: 15705: 15701: 15696: 15692: 15685: 15680: 15678: 15673: 15671: 15666: 15665: 15662: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15627: 15624: 15621: 15620: 15617:Commemoration 15602: 15598: 15594: 15593: 15575: 15571: 15559: 15555: 15554: 15546: 15542: 15541: 15532: 15530: 15526: 15521: 15519: 15515: 15510: 15508: 15504: 15499: 15496: 15492: 15491: 15486: 15483: 15479: 15478: 15473: 15461: 15457: 15453: 15441: 15437: 15433: 15422: 15415: 15411: 15399: 15395: 15383: 15379: 15367: 15363: 15351: 15347: 15343: 15339: 15335: 15334: 15316: 15312: 15308: 15296: 15292: 15288: 15284: 15280: 15279: 15274: 15273: 15260: 15256: 15252: 15250: 15246: 15242: 15241: 15230: 15226: 15222: 15218: 15214: 15210: 15206: 15202: 15198: 15194: 15190: 15186: 15182: 15177: 15173: 15167: 15163: 15162: 15157: 15153: 15149: 15143: 15139: 15138: 15132: 15128: 15122: 15118: 15113: 15102: 15098: 15094: 15090: 15086: 15082: 15078: 15074: 15067: 15062: 15058: 15052: 15048: 15043: 15039: 15035: 15031: 15026: 15022: 15018: 15014: 15008: 15004: 14999: 14995: 14989: 14985: 14980: 14976: 14972: 14968: 14963: 14959: 14955: 14951: 14945: 14941: 14936: 14932: 14927: 14923: 14917: 14913: 14909: 14905: 14901: 14897: 14893: 14887: 14883: 14879: 14875: 14871: 14865: 14861: 14856: 14852: 14846: 14842: 14837: 14833: 14827: 14823: 14819: 14815: 14811: 14805: 14801: 14800: 14794: 14790: 14786: 14785: 14773: 14769: 14765: 14759: 14755: 14751: 14747: 14743: 14739: 14735: 14731: 14727: 14723: 14719: 14715: 14711: 14707: 14702: 14698: 14694: 14690: 14685: 14674: 14670: 14666: 14659: 14654: 14650: 14646: 14642: 14636: 14632: 14627: 14616: 14612: 14608: 14602: 14595: 14594: 14589: 14585: 14581: 14577: 14573: 14569: 14565: 14561: 14557: 14553: 14548: 14544: 14540: 14536: 14532: 14529:(1): 97–114. 14528: 14524: 14520: 14515: 14511: 14507: 14503: 14497: 14493: 14488: 14484: 14480: 14476: 14472: 14471: 14465: 14454: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14436: 14432: 14428: 14424: 14417: 14412: 14408: 14404: 14400: 14394: 14390: 14385: 14381: 14377: 14373: 14367: 14363: 14358: 14354: 14350: 14346: 14340: 14336: 14332: 14328: 14324: 14318: 14314: 14310: 14306: 14302: 14298: 14294: 14288: 14284: 14279: 14275: 14269: 14265: 14260: 14256: 14252: 14248: 14242: 14238: 14233: 14229: 14225: 14221: 14215: 14211: 14207: 14203: 14199: 14195: 14191: 14187: 14183: 14179: 14175: 14171: 14166: 14162: 14158: 14154: 14148: 14144: 14140: 14136: 14132: 14128: 14124: 14120: 14114: 14110: 14105: 14101: 14097: 14093: 14087: 14083: 14078: 14074: 14070: 14066: 14060: 14056: 14051: 14047: 14041: 14037: 14036: 14030: 14026: 14022: 14018: 14014: 14010: 14006: 14002: 13998: 13992: 13988: 13984: 13983: 13978: 13974: 13970: 13966: 13962: 13960:0-671-44133-7 13956: 13952: 13951: 13946: 13942: 13938: 13934: 13930: 13924: 13920: 13919: 13913: 13909: 13905: 13901: 13897: 13893: 13889: 13885: 13881: 13876: 13872: 13866: 13862: 13861: 13855: 13851: 13847: 13843: 13838: 13834: 13830: 13826: 13822: 13818: 13814: 13810: 13806: 13802: 13798: 13794: 13790: 13785: 13781: 13777: 13773: 13771:0-688-06910-X 13767: 13763: 13759: 13755: 13751: 13747: 13743: 13737: 13733: 13728: 13724: 13720: 13716: 13712: 13707: 13703: 13697: 13693: 13688: 13673: 13669: 13665: 13661: 13660: 13655: 13651: 13647: 13643: 13639: 13633: 13629: 13624: 13620: 13616: 13612: 13608: 13604: 13600: 13594: 13589: 13588: 13581: 13577: 13573: 13569: 13564: 13560: 13556: 13552: 13546: 13542: 13538: 13530: 13526: 13511: 13507: 13503: 13496: 13495: 13489: 13485: 13479: 13475: 13474: 13468: 13464: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13446: 13442: 13438: 13433: 13429: 13425: 13421: 13415: 13411: 13406: 13402: 13398: 13394: 13389: 13385: 13379: 13375: 13370: 13366: 13360: 13356: 13355: 13349: 13345: 13341: 13337: 13331: 13327: 13322: 13318: 13314: 13310: 13305: 13301: 13297: 13293: 13287: 13282: 13281: 13274: 13270: 13266: 13262: 13256: 13251: 13250: 13244: 13240: 13236: 13232: 13228: 13224: 13218: 13214: 13209: 13205: 13201: 13197: 13193: 13182: 13178: 13174: 13168: 13161: 13160: 13155: 13151: 13140: 13136: 13129: 13128: 13123: 13119: 13115: 13109: 13105: 13100: 13096: 13090: 13086: 13085: 13080: 13076: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13058: 13054: 13050: 13046: 13042: 13038: 13034: 13030: 13026: 13022: 13017: 13013: 13009: 13005: 12999: 12995: 12990: 12986: 12982: 12978: 12972: 12968: 12964: 12960: 12956: 12952: 12948: 12944: 12940: 12936: 12932: 12928: 12922: 12918: 12917: 12911: 12900: 12896: 12892: 12888: 12884: 12883: 12877: 12873: 12869: 12865: 12859: 12855: 12850: 12846: 12840: 12836: 12831: 12827: 12821: 12817: 12813: 12809: 12805: 12799: 12795: 12790: 12786: 12782: 12778: 12772: 12768: 12764: 12760: 12756: 12752: 12748: 12742: 12737: 12736: 12729: 12725: 12721: 12717: 12711: 12707: 12706: 12700: 12696: 12692: 12688: 12682: 12678: 12674: 12670: 12666: 12662: 12658: 12652: 12648: 12644: 12639: 12628: 12624: 12620: 12619: 12613: 12609: 12605: 12601: 12597: 12593: 12582: 12578: 12574: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12555: 12551: 12547: 12543: 12539: 12535: 12531: 12527: 12523: 12518: 12517: 12510: 12506: 12502: 12498: 12492: 12488: 12483: 12479: 12475: 12471: 12465: 12461: 12456: 12452: 12446: 12442: 12437: 12433: 12429: 12425: 12419: 12415: 12411: 12406: 12402: 12398: 12394: 12388: 12384: 12380: 12376: 12372: 12368: 12362: 12358: 12353: 12349: 12343: 12339: 12334: 12330: 12324: 12320: 12315: 12311: 12305: 12301: 12297: 12293: 12289: 12285: 12281: 12277: 12273: 12269: 12265: 12261: 12257: 12253: 12249: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12217: 12213: 12209: 12205: 12201: 12195: 12190: 12189: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12171: 12165: 12161: 12156: 12144: 12140: 12136: 12132: 12131: 12125: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12109: 12104: 12103: 12081: 12075: 12059: 12055: 12051: 12045: 12037: 12033: 12027: 12019: 12013: 12006: 12005:Ellsberg 2017 12001: 11994: 11989: 11982: 11981:Ellsberg 2017 11977: 11970: 11965: 11958: 11957:Ellsberg 2017 11953: 11945: 11939: 11931: 11927: 11921: 11913: 11909: 11902: 11895: 11894:Ellsberg 2017 11890: 11883: 11882:Ellsberg 2017 11878: 11876: 11860: 11856: 11852: 11846: 11839: 11834: 11827: 11826:Ellsberg 2017 11822: 11814: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11779: 11771: 11765: 11763: 11754: 11753: 11748: 11742: 11734: 11728: 11724: 11720: 11714: 11699: 11695: 11691: 11687: 11683: 11679: 11678: 11673: 11666: 11660: 11655: 11653: 11645: 11640: 11634: 11629: 11613: 11612: 11607: 11601: 11594: 11589: 11582: 11577: 11570: 11565: 11558: 11553: 11546: 11541: 11534: 11529: 11513: 11507: 11491: 11485: 11469: 11463: 11447: 11441: 11425: 11421: 11415: 11399: 11395: 11389: 11373: 11367: 11365: 11357: 11352: 11337: 11333: 11326: 11319: 11314: 11307: 11302: 11286: 11282: 11276: 11260: 11256: 11250: 11234: 11230: 11229:Columbia News 11226: 11220: 11213: 11208: 11192: 11188: 11184: 11177: 11161: 11157: 11151: 11136: 11132: 11126: 11118: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11090: 11086: 11082: 11075: 11056: 11052: 11046: 11042: 11035: 11034: 11027: 11019: 11015: 11011: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10988: 10972: 10968: 10967: 10962: 10955: 10939: 10935: 10928: 10912: 10911: 10906: 10900: 10885: 10884: 10879: 10872: 10856: 10855: 10850: 10844: 10829: 10825: 10818: 10810: 10806: 10802: 10798: 10794: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10775: 10767: 10763: 10759: 10755: 10751: 10747: 10743: 10739: 10735: 10731: 10727: 10723: 10716: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10677:(4): 357–70. 10676: 10672: 10665: 10657: 10653: 10646: 10639: 10634: 10630: 10626: 10622: 10618: 10614: 10610: 10606: 10599: 10591: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10573: 10569: 10565: 10558: 10556: 10547: 10543: 10539: 10535: 10531: 10527: 10524:(2): 93–105. 10523: 10519: 10512: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10490: 10486: 10485:10.17226/1224 10482: 10478: 10477: 10469: 10467: 10465: 10456: 10449: 10442: 10437: 10421: 10415: 10408: 10407:Johnston 2008 10403: 10395: 10388: 10386: 10369: 10362: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10332: 10324: 10318: 10314: 10310: 10306: 10299: 10283: 10282:Science Daily 10279: 10273: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10243: 10236: 10231: 10223: 10217: 10210: 10206: 10202: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10184: 10177: 10169: 10165: 10158: 10142: 10135: 10127: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10091: 10087: 10084:: 5426–5431. 10083: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10064: 10045: 10038: 10032: 10021: 10017: 10010: 10003: 9995: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9977: 9970: 9962: 9956: 9949: 9944: 9937: 9932: 9925: 9920: 9918: 9901: 9897: 9891: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9861: 9842: 9836: 9834: 9826: 9821: 9806: 9805: 9800: 9793: 9786: 9781: 9766: 9765: 9760: 9753: 9737: 9736: 9731: 9724: 9722: 9705: 9699: 9692: 9687: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9663:Greg Mitchell 9658: 9656: 9649:, p. 73. 9648: 9643: 9635: 9631: 9625: 9610: 9606: 9599: 9590: 9583: 9582:Burchett 2004 9578: 9570: 9569: 9564: 9557: 9548: 9546: 9544: 9542: 9540: 9531: 9530: 9525: 9518: 9509: 9507: 9490: 9484: 9468: 9464: 9458: 9442: 9438: 9432: 9425: 9420: 9413: 9412:Fujiwara 1991 9408: 9401: 9396: 9389: 9388:Hasegawa 2006 9384: 9377: 9376:Hasegawa 2006 9372: 9357: 9353: 9346: 9330: 9326: 9320: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9295:Terkel, Studs 9290: 9283: 9278: 9271: 9266: 9259: 9254: 9252: 9244: 9239: 9232: 9227: 9220: 9215: 9199: 9193: 9177: 9171: 9164: 9159: 9143: 9139: 9133: 9117: 9116: 9111: 9105: 9089: 9088: 9083: 9077: 9062:. August 1997 9061: 9057: 9051: 9035: 9031: 9030: 9025: 9019: 9003: 9002: 8997: 8991: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8961: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8931: 8924: 8919: 8912: 8907: 8900: 8899:Campbell 2005 8895: 8888: 8887:Campbell 2005 8883: 8867: 8864: 8858: 8851: 8846: 8839: 8834: 8828:, p. 92. 8827: 8822: 8815: 8810: 8791: 8787: 8780: 8774: 8767: 8762: 8756:, p. 70. 8755: 8750: 8743: 8738: 8722: 8716: 8709: 8704: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8666: 8662: 8655: 8648: 8643: 8636: 8631: 8616: 8610: 8603: 8598: 8582: 8578: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8561:, p. 32. 8560: 8559:Campbell 2005 8555: 8548: 8547:Campbell 2005 8543: 8536: 8531: 8524: 8519: 8512: 8507: 8491: 8487: 8481: 8479: 8471: 8466: 8459: 8454: 8452: 8444: 8439: 8437: 8429: 8424: 8417: 8412: 8405: 8400: 8394:, p. 46. 8393: 8392:Hasegawa 2006 8388: 8372: 8366: 8359: 8354: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8324: 8308: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8289: 8284: 8269: 8265: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8226: 8219: 8214: 8199:. 4 June 2009 8198: 8194: 8188: 8181: 8176: 8160: 8159: 8154: 8148: 8141: 8136: 8134: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8100: 8095: 8087: 8081: 8077: 8070: 8063: 8058: 8051: 8046: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8016: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7986: 7970: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7951: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7920: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7890: 7884:, p. 14. 7883: 7878: 7871: 7866: 7851: 7850: 7845: 7838: 7836: 7820: 7816: 7810: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7780: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7717: 7710: 7702: 7695: 7687: 7680: 7673: 7668: 7652: 7648: 7642: 7623: 7616: 7615: 7607: 7605: 7588: 7584: 7578: 7571: 7566: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7536: 7529: 7511: 7504: 7497: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7480: 7475: 7468: 7463: 7456: 7451: 7444: 7439: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7411: 7396:on 1 May 2013 7395: 7391: 7385: 7379:, p. 72. 7378: 7373: 7366: 7361: 7354: 7349: 7333: 7329: 7323: 7307: 7303: 7297: 7295: 7278: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7244: 7237: 7232: 7225: 7220: 7213: 7208: 7202:, p. 20. 7201: 7196: 7180: 7176: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7156: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7139: 7134: 7128:, p. 38. 7127: 7122: 7115: 7110: 7094: 7090: 7083: 7077:, p. 59. 7076: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7059: 7054: 7048:, p. 41. 7047: 7042: 7035: 7030: 7023: 7022:Campbell 2005 7018: 7012:, p. 45. 7011: 7006: 7000:, p. 30. 6999: 6994: 6987: 6982: 6980: 6972: 6967: 6965: 6957: 6952: 6946:, p. 39. 6945: 6940: 6933: 6928: 6921: 6917: 6912: 6905: 6900: 6893: 6888: 6872: 6871: 6864: 6848: 6847: 6840: 6833: 6828: 6812: 6806: 6799: 6794: 6787: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6770: 6765: 6749: 6745: 6737: 6731:, p. 17. 6730: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6713: 6708: 6706: 6698: 6693: 6686: 6681: 6679: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6629: 6625: 6618: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6601:, p. 86. 6600: 6595: 6588: 6583: 6576: 6571: 6564: 6559: 6552: 6547: 6540: 6535: 6533: 6525: 6524:Hasegawa 2006 6520: 6513: 6512:Hasegawa 2006 6508: 6501: 6496: 6494: 6478: 6474: 6467: 6460: 6455: 6448: 6443: 6436: 6431: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6391: 6386: 6379: 6374: 6367: 6366:Campbell 2005 6362: 6343: 6339: 6332: 6326: 6319: 6318:Campbell 2005 6314: 6307: 6302: 6296:, p. 25. 6295: 6294:Campbell 2005 6290: 6275: 6271: 6264: 6249: 6245: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6213: 6206: 6200: 6193: 6188: 6169: 6162: 6156: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6123: 6118: 6111: 6106: 6099: 6094: 6087: 6083: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6057: 6051:, p. 89. 6050: 6045: 6038: 6033: 6027:, p. 12. 6026: 6021: 6014: 6009: 6002: 5997: 5990: 5985: 5978: 5973: 5967:, p. 54. 5966: 5961: 5954: 5949: 5942: 5937: 5930: 5925: 5918: 5913: 5906: 5901: 5894: 5889: 5882: 5877: 5870: 5865: 5859:, p. 83. 5858: 5853: 5846: 5841: 5834: 5829: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5798: 5782: 5778: 5771: 5756: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5733: 5726: 5721: 5714: 5709: 5702: 5697: 5690: 5685: 5678: 5673: 5666: 5661: 5654: 5649: 5642: 5637: 5630: 5625: 5618: 5613: 5606: 5605:Schaffer 1985 5601: 5594: 5589: 5587: 5570: 5564: 5557: 5552: 5545: 5540: 5534:, p. 48. 5533: 5528: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5491: 5486: 5479: 5474: 5467: 5462: 5455: 5450: 5443: 5438: 5431: 5426: 5419: 5414: 5407: 5402: 5395: 5390: 5388: 5380: 5375: 5368: 5367:Williams 1960 5363: 5356: 5355:Williams 1960 5351: 5344: 5343:Williams 1960 5339: 5332: 5327: 5325: 5309: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5290: 5286: 5278: 5276: 5271: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5233:hydrogen bomb 5229: 5227: 5224: 5223:Fleet Admiral 5220: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5196: 5195: 5194:obiter dictum 5190: 5189: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5142: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5095: 5092:'s attack on 5091: 5087: 5082:unconditional 5081: 5079: 5075: 5070: 5068: 5062: 5045: 5039: 5020: 5017: 5005: 5002: 4990: 4987: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4955: 4949: 4947: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4917: 4910: 4908: 4902: 4897: 4891: 4886: 4880: 4875: 4869: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4828: 4813: 4811: 4807: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4699: 4684: 4683: 4674: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4652: 4647: 4644: 4643:schizophrenia 4639: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4625:which have a 4624: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4496:James F. Crow 4493: 4488: 4486: 4485:control group 4482: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4461: 4460:birth defects 4457: 4456:James V. Neel 4453: 4449: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4416: 4413: 4412:solid cancers 4409: 4408:Sadako Sasaki 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4329:polytraumatic 4326: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4280:line-of-sight 4277: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4225: 4223: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4198: 4196: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4168: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4131:, written by 4130: 4129: 4123: 4121: 4120:Chugoku Bunka 4117: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4084:, Lieutenant 4083: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4065:George Weller 4062: 4057: 4056:Bill Lawrence 4053: 4049: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4029:Daily Express 4024: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3978: 3970: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3854: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3798: 3789: 3785: 3775: 3770: 3760: 3757: 3756:Takashi Nagai 3751: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3736: 3735:Joe Kieyoomia 3732: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3681:. Except for 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3606:Kermit Beahan 3600: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3492: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3347:Mission role 3346: 3343: 3340: 3336: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3315: 3310: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3287: 3281: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3251: 3237: 3234: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3179:radio station 3177: 3173: 3169: 3168:standard wave 3164: 3161: 3154: 3152: 3140: 3117: 3099: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3079: 3074: 3064: 3057: 3045: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2995:Shunroku Hata 2992: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2918: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2894: 2889: 2882: 2877: 2870: 2865: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2825: 2818: 2813: 2806: 2801: 2798: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2775: 2770: 2766: 2759: 2754: 2747: 2742: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2720: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2689: 2684: 2678: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2650: 2637: 2627: 2625: 2616: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2539: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2385:Mission role 2384: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2324: 2320: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2297: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2263:Shunroku Hata 2261: 2260:Field Marshal 2253: 2249: 2245: 2242:dropped the " 2241: 2240: 2234: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2174: 2173:Francis Birch 2170: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143:Group Captain 2140: 2136: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2068: 2057: 2052: 2045: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2016:Joseph Stalin 2012: 2008: 2007:Field Marshal 2004: 2000: 1996: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1970: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1942: 1932: 1923: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1906:Franck Report 1901: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1862: 1859: 1852: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1836: 1826: 1824: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1737: 1732: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1659: 1658:fuel-injected 1655: 1651: 1647: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1630:pumpkin bombs 1627: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1594: 1580: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1530:plutonium-239 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1489: 1481: 1477: 1476:Leslie Groves 1473: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1440: 1439:civil defense 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1382:Major General 1375: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1304: 1299: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1239:Quincy Wright 1236: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1202:Japanese Army 1199: 1195: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1120: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010:In 1945, the 965: 960: 945: 942: 938: 933: 931: 926: 922: 918: 914: 911:, the acting 910: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 853: 849: 845: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 756: 755: 754: 746: 743: 739: 736: 735: 734: 731: 729: 728: 724: 723: 720: 717: 716: 713: 710: 708: 707: 703: 699: 696: 695: 694: 693:Kuril Islands 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 673: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 636: 635: 632: 631: 628: 625: 624: 621: 620: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 580: 577: 576:North America 574: 573: 570: 569:Borneo (1945) 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 529: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 514: 511: 508: 507: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 485: 482: 479: 478: 475: 472: 470: 469: 465: 463: 462: 458: 456: 455: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 405: 402: 399: 398: 395: 392: 390: 389:Bay of Bengal 387: 383: 380: 379: 378: 375: 373: 370: 366: 363: 362: 361: 358: 356: 353: 352: 349: 346: 345: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 306: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 291: 288: 285: 284: 281: 276: 268: 263: 261: 256: 254: 249: 248: 245: 233: 232: 223: 220: 217: 216: 214: 213: 204: 201: 198: 197: 195: 194: 191: 187: 181: 178: 176: 173: 172: 171: 170:United States 167: 163: 159: 155: 150: 119: 88: 84: 80: 76: 73: 70: 66: 61: 55: 50: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 26077:North Africa 25979:Kuala Lumpur 25960:Other cities 25946:Pearl Harbor 25764: 25602:Schaffhausen 25559:Other cities 25347:Soviet Union 24780:Braunschweig 24760:Aschersleben 24743:Other cities 24420:Midway Atoll 24415:Kingman Reef 24395:Baker Island 24374:Puerto Rico 24286:South Dakota 24276:Rhode Island 24271:Pennsylvania 24251:North Dakota 23967: 23960: 23941: 23902: 23895: 23881: 23827: 23783: 23776: 23719: 23705: 23698: 23691: 23652: 23626:Marine Corps 23613: 23606: 23599: 23563:Debt ceiling 23548:Civil Rights 23530: 23523: 23509: 23495: 23481: 23452: 23447:Antisemitism 23445: 23438: 23394: 23355: 23291:2008–present 23243:Bush v. Gore 23241: 23179:War on drugs 23053:Mid Cold War 22919: 22905:Pearl Harbor 22900:World War II 22720:Ku Klux Klan 22317:Dummer's War 22256: 22249: 22243:Pre-Colonial 22153:Bibliography 22136: 22055: 21949:Project Hula 21914:Vistula–Oder 21883: 21816: 21807: 21791: 21761: 21710: 21694: 21685: 21676: 21642: 21539: 21454: 21430: 21400: 21151: 21044: 20989:North Africa 20691:Soviet Union 20645:Soviet Union 20571:Soviet Union 20339:Vatican City 20249:Vichy France 20154:German Reich 20051:Soviet Union 20037:South Africa 20030:Sierra Leone 19983:Newfoundland 19802:Participants 19785:Marocchinate 19489: 19480: 19450: 19328:North Africa 19289:Indian Ocean 19148:Nazi plunder 19039:Cryptography 18912:World War II 18870:Project Hula 18794: 18749:Marine Corps 18533: 18512: 18505: 18454: 18446: 18438: 18430: 18422: 18414: 18404:Harry Truman 18402: 18394: 18388:Public image 18344:Bibliography 17789: 17497:Other topics 17333: 17278: 17171:Taishō Roman 16925:Conscription 16895: 16887: 16862:Armed Forces 16722:(ministries) 16622:Charter Oath 16617:Constitution 16499:State Shinto 16482:Essentialism 16432:Demographics 16352:Y-12 Project 16337:Smyth Report 16332:S-50 Project 16294: 16290:K-25 Project 16219:Pumpkin bomb 16190: 16183: 16176: 16146: 16106:John Wheeler 16076:Louis Slotin 16071:Emilio Segrè 16021:George Koval 16001:James Franck 15986:Enrico Fermi 15931:Luis Alvarez 15890:Paul Tibbets 15865:Deak Parsons 15605:. Retrieved 15601:the original 15578:. Retrieved 15562:. Retrieved 15539: 15489: 15476: 15464:. Retrieved 15459: 15444:. Retrieved 15440:the original 15424:. Retrieved 15402:. Retrieved 15386:. Retrieved 15370:. Retrieved 15354:. Retrieved 15350:the original 15341: 15319:. Retrieved 15315:the original 15299:. Retrieved 15295:the original 15277: 15254: 15244: 15220: 15184: 15180: 15160: 15156:Toll, Ian W. 15136: 15116: 15104:. Retrieved 15076: 15072: 15046: 15029: 15002: 14983: 14966: 14939: 14930: 14911: 14908:Thomas, Evan 14881: 14859: 14840: 14821: 14798: 14753: 14709: 14705: 14688: 14676:. Retrieved 14664: 14630: 14618:. Retrieved 14592: 14555: 14551: 14526: 14522: 14491: 14469: 14456:. Retrieved 14426: 14422: 14388: 14361: 14334: 14331:Tanaka, Yuki 14312: 14282: 14263: 14236: 14209: 14173: 14169: 14142: 14139:Selden, Mark 14108: 14081: 14054: 14034: 14023:– via 13985:. New York: 13981: 13949: 13917: 13883: 13880:Asian Survey 13879: 13859: 13841: 13800: 13796: 13792: 13788: 13761: 13731: 13717:(4): 73–74. 13714: 13710: 13691: 13679:. Retrieved 13672:the original 13658: 13627: 13610: 13586: 13567: 13536: 13529:Kido, Kōichi 13517:. Retrieved 13510:the original 13493: 13472: 13444: 13440: 13409: 13392: 13373: 13353: 13325: 13308: 13279: 13248: 13212: 13195: 13184:. Retrieved 13158: 13142:. Retrieved 13126: 13103: 13083: 13052: 13027:(2): 32–60. 13024: 13020: 12993: 12966: 12946: 12915: 12902:. Retrieved 12881: 12853: 12834: 12815: 12793: 12766: 12734: 12704: 12676: 12646: 12630:. Retrieved 12617: 12599: 12584:. Retrieved 12562: 12541: 12516:Atomic Quest 12515: 12486: 12459: 12440: 12413: 12409: 12382: 12379:Pilger, John 12356: 12337: 12318: 12299: 12296:Bix, Herbert 12274:(6): 38–40. 12271: 12267: 12223: 12219: 12187: 12159: 12147:. Retrieved 12143:the original 12129: 12111: 12084:. Retrieved 12074: 12062:. Retrieved 12058:the original 12053: 12044: 12035: 12026: 12012: 12000: 11988: 11976: 11969:Quester 1970 11964: 11952: 11938: 11920: 11912:Defense News 11911: 11901: 11889: 11862:. Retrieved 11858: 11845: 11833: 11821: 11788: 11784: 11778: 11769: 11750: 11741: 11718: 11713: 11701:. Retrieved 11681: 11675: 11665: 11639: 11628: 11618:18 September 11616:. Retrieved 11609: 11600: 11588: 11576: 11564: 11552: 11540: 11528: 11516:. Retrieved 11506: 11494:. Retrieved 11484: 11472:. Retrieved 11462: 11450:. Retrieved 11440: 11428:. Retrieved 11424:the original 11414: 11402:. Retrieved 11398:the original 11388: 11376:. Retrieved 11358:, p. 6. 11351: 11339:. Retrieved 11335: 11325: 11313: 11301: 11289:. Retrieved 11275: 11263:. Retrieved 11259:the original 11249: 11237:. Retrieved 11233:the original 11228: 11219: 11207: 11195:. Retrieved 11191:the original 11187:E&E News 11186: 11176: 11164:. Retrieved 11160:the original 11150: 11138:. Retrieved 11134: 11125: 11088: 11084: 11074: 11062:. Retrieved 11032: 11026: 11001: 10997: 10987: 10975:. Retrieved 10971:the original 10964: 10954: 10942:. Retrieved 10937: 10927: 10915:. Retrieved 10908: 10899: 10887:. Retrieved 10881: 10871: 10859:. Retrieved 10852: 10843: 10831:. Retrieved 10817: 10784: 10780: 10774: 10725: 10721: 10715: 10674: 10670: 10664: 10655: 10645: 10636: 10616: 10612: 10608: 10604: 10598: 10571: 10567: 10521: 10517: 10511: 10475: 10454: 10448: 10436: 10424:. Retrieved 10414: 10402: 10393: 10372:. Retrieved 10361: 10349:. Retrieved 10345:the original 10331: 10304: 10298: 10286:. Retrieved 10281: 10272: 10260:. Retrieved 10256:the original 10242: 10230: 10216: 10182: 10176: 10157: 10145:. Retrieved 10134: 10077: 10073: 10063: 10051:. Retrieved 10044:the original 10031: 10020:the original 10015: 10002: 9969: 9955: 9943: 9931: 9904:. Retrieved 9900:The Guardian 9899: 9890: 9878:. Retrieved 9874:the original 9869: 9860: 9850:24 September 9848:. Retrieved 9827:, p. 1. 9820: 9808:. Retrieved 9802: 9792: 9780: 9768:. Retrieved 9762: 9752: 9740:. Retrieved 9733: 9708:. Retrieved 9698: 9693:, p. 5. 9686: 9674:. Retrieved 9670: 9642: 9633: 9624: 9614:15 September 9612:. Retrieved 9608: 9598: 9589: 9577: 9566: 9556: 9527: 9517: 9493:. Retrieved 9483: 9473:15 September 9471:. Retrieved 9467:the original 9457: 9447:15 September 9445:. Retrieved 9441:the original 9431: 9419: 9407: 9395: 9383: 9371: 9359:. Retrieved 9355: 9345: 9333:. Retrieved 9329:the original 9319: 9307:. Retrieved 9303:the original 9289: 9277: 9265: 9238: 9226: 9219:Nichols 1987 9214: 9202:. Retrieved 9192: 9180:. Retrieved 9170: 9158: 9146:. Retrieved 9142:the original 9132: 9120:. Retrieved 9113: 9104: 9092:. Retrieved 9085: 9076: 9066:15 September 9064:. Retrieved 9059: 9050: 9038:. Retrieved 9034:the original 9027: 9018: 9006:. Retrieved 8999: 8990: 8978:. Retrieved 8974:the original 8969: 8960: 8948:. Retrieved 8944:the original 8939: 8930: 8918: 8906: 8894: 8882: 8870:. Retrieved 8857: 8845: 8833: 8821: 8809: 8797:. Retrieved 8790:the original 8773: 8761: 8749: 8737: 8725:. Retrieved 8715: 8703: 8691:. Retrieved 8687:the original 8682: 8673: 8664: 8654: 8642: 8630: 8618:. Retrieved 8609: 8597: 8585:. Retrieved 8581:the original 8554: 8542: 8535:Sherwin 2003 8530: 8518: 8506: 8494:. Retrieved 8490:the original 8465: 8423: 8411: 8399: 8387: 8375:. Retrieved 8365: 8353: 8341:. Retrieved 8337:the original 8323: 8311:. Retrieved 8283: 8271:. Retrieved 8258: 8246:. Retrieved 8242:the original 8235: 8225: 8213: 8201:. Retrieved 8196: 8187: 8175: 8165:17 September 8163:. Retrieved 8156: 8147: 8120:. Retrieved 8115: 8106: 8094: 8075: 8069: 8057: 8045: 8033:. Retrieved 8029:the original 8015: 8003:. Retrieved 7994: 7985: 7973:. Retrieved 7969:the original 7964: 7960: 7950: 7938:. Retrieved 7934:the original 7930:Geocities.jp 7919: 7907:. Retrieved 7903:the original 7889: 7877: 7865: 7853:. Retrieved 7847: 7822:. Retrieved 7809: 7797:. Retrieved 7779: 7767:. Retrieved 7763:the original 7753: 7744: 7715: 7709: 7700: 7694: 7685: 7679: 7667: 7655:. Retrieved 7651:The Guardian 7650: 7641: 7629:. Retrieved 7622:the original 7613: 7591:. Retrieved 7587:the original 7577: 7565: 7553:. Retrieved 7549:the original 7535: 7517:. Retrieved 7503: 7474: 7462: 7450: 7438: 7426:. Retrieved 7422:The Atlantic 7420: 7410: 7398:. Retrieved 7394:the original 7384: 7372: 7360: 7348: 7336:. Retrieved 7332:the original 7322: 7310:. Retrieved 7306:the original 7281:. Retrieved 7253: 7243: 7231: 7219: 7212:Preston 2005 7207: 7195: 7183:. Retrieved 7133: 7121: 7109: 7097:. Retrieved 7093:the original 7082: 7053: 7041: 7029: 7017: 7005: 6993: 6951: 6939: 6927: 6919: 6911: 6899: 6887: 6875:. Retrieved 6869: 6863: 6851:. Retrieved 6845: 6839: 6827: 6817:18 September 6815:. Retrieved 6805: 6793: 6764: 6752:. Retrieved 6748:the original 6736: 6712:McNelly 2000 6692: 6664:. Retrieved 6660:the original 6653: 6623: 6594: 6582: 6575:Compton 1956 6570: 6563:Compton 1956 6558: 6546: 6519: 6507: 6480:. Retrieved 6476: 6466: 6454: 6442: 6430: 6418:. Retrieved 6385: 6373: 6361: 6349:. Retrieved 6342:the original 6337: 6325: 6313: 6301: 6289: 6277:. Retrieved 6273: 6263: 6251:. Retrieved 6247: 6219:. Retrieved 6199: 6192:Tibbets 1998 6187: 6175:. Retrieved 6168:the original 6155: 6143:. Retrieved 6139:the original 6129: 6122:Grunden 1998 6117: 6105: 6093: 6085: 6072:. Retrieved 6066: 6056: 6044: 6032: 6020: 6015:, p. 7. 6008: 5996: 5984: 5972: 5960: 5948: 5936: 5924: 5912: 5900: 5888: 5876: 5869:Werrell 1996 5864: 5857:Edwards 1996 5852: 5840: 5828: 5816:. Retrieved 5812:the original 5807: 5797: 5785:. Retrieved 5781:the original 5770: 5758:. Retrieved 5754: 5744: 5732: 5725:Sandler 2001 5720: 5708: 5696: 5684: 5672: 5660: 5648: 5636: 5624: 5619:, p. 4. 5612: 5600: 5573:. Retrieved 5563: 5551: 5539: 5532:Carroll 2007 5527: 5515:. Retrieved 5511:the original 5506: 5497: 5485: 5473: 5461: 5449: 5437: 5425: 5413: 5401: 5374: 5362: 5350: 5338: 5311:. Retrieved 5296: 5289: 5272: 5245: 5241:Soviet Union 5230: 5215: 5192: 5186: 5184: 5178:or specific 5157: 5107: 5090:Soviet Union 5071: 5064: 5018: 5003: 4988: 4973: 4959:Sannō Shrine 4952: 4950: 4942: 4927:Genbaku Dome 4855:Genbaku Dome 4852: 4844:Peace Pagoda 4824: 4809: 4806:forced labor 4803: 4787: 4786:as a double 4779: 4775: 4771: 4769: 4760:somatization 4752:radiotherapy 4747: 4743: 4731: 4729: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4680: 4678: 4666: 4650: 4640: 4610:neutron flux 4587: 4583: 4578: 4574: 4566: 4564: 4560:neurogenesis 4543: 4532:malnourished 4525: 4519: 4489: 4465: 4445: 4437:miscarriages 4433:human embryo 4422: 4404:epidemiology 4399: 4391: 4369: 4355: 4341: 4305: 4301: 4249:Radiobiology 4221: 4201: 4199: 4172: 4146: 4140: 4126: 4124: 4119: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4089: 4079: 4074: 4068: 4051: 4050: 4027: 4021: 3997: 3994:United Press 3991: 3984: 3974: 3919: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3879: 3876:Prince Asaka 3873: 3850: 3842: 3831: 3801: 3780: 3752: 3743:fuel density 3739: 3720: 3698: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3634: 3633: 3617: 3598: 3596: 3592:Luis Alvarez 3575: 3573: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3550: 3533: 3529: 3527: 3521: 3517: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3484: 3480: 3478: 3468: 3466: 3448: 3430: 3409: 3388: 3370: 3352: 3331: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3298: 3282: 3266: 3254: 3229: 3221:Soemu Toyoda 3214: 3187: 3165: 3157: 3148: 3086: 3082: 3070: 3021: 3018: 3011: 2989:Since Mayor 2988: 2964: 2956: 2948: 2945: 2834:Memorial at 2711: 2699: 2692: 2679: 2648: 2635: 2633: 2614: 2613: 2593:aiming point 2586: 2581: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2544: 2525: 2507: 2489: 2468: 2447: 2429: 2411: 2390: 2360: 2354: 2344: 2340: 2330: 2328: 2323:Strike order 2301: 2292: 2279:5th Division 2257: 2248:Paul Tibbets 2237: 2178: 2168:Indianapolis 2167: 2155: 2132: 2113: 2107: 2099: 2090: 2073:Trinity Test 2070: 2054: 2050: 2028: 2020:Soviet Union 2003:the Pentagon 1992: 1983:Thomas Handy 1946: 1937: 1915: 1910:James Franck 1903: 1898: 1886: 1875: 1854: 1850: 1839: 1827: 1819: 1777: 1741: 1713:Rear Admiral 1690:Cape Victory 1689: 1684: 1678:Cape Victory 1677: 1669: 1642: 1617:combat group 1613:Paul Tibbets 1599: 1583:Preparations 1575:There was a 1574: 1542: 1510:isotopically 1491: 1436: 1415: 1414:, codenamed 1409: 1385:Curtis LeMay 1379: 1370: 1326: 1309: 1255: 1221: 1214:Vice Admiral 1192: 1155:by the U.S. 1122: 1092: 1064:Bougainville 1049: 1025:World War II 1014:between the 1009: 934: 909:Thomas Handy 899: 801:World War II 798: 766:atomic bombs 763: 751: 750: 725: 705: 671: 653: 618: 613:Project Hula 598:Fort Stevens 527: 467: 460: 453: 341:Ocean Island 304: 294:Pearl Harbor 221:150 soldiers 58:Atomic bomb 46:World War II 40:Part of the 29: 26041:Other areas 26002:Middle East 25975:(Sri Lanka) 25635:Pacific War 25507:Southampton 25422:Bournemouth 25244:Netherlands 25075:Alessandria 25015:Schweinfurt 25010:Saarbrücken 24855:Halberstadt 24815:Dietzenbach 24765:Baden-Baden 24435:Wake Island 24201:Mississippi 24116:Connecticut 24060:New England 23727:Agriculture 23646:Coast Guard 23641:Space Force 23489:Immigration 23217:WTC bombing 23135:Reaganomics 23063:Vietnam War 22979:McCarthyism 22861:Second Klan 22846:Prohibition 22824:World War I 22799:Square Deal 22789:Imperialism 22524:War of 1812 22251:Prehistoric 21884:Bodenplatte 21770:Gothic Line 20996:West Africa 20543:Philippines 20522:Netherlands 20387:Czech lands 20325:Switzerland 20269:Afghanistan 20220:Philippines 20088:Puerto Rico 20004:Philippines 19990:New Zealand 19976:Netherlands 19929:Free France 19680:Prosecution 19481:Osoaviakhim 19351:West Africa 19335:East Africa 18982:Conferences 18459:(2023 film) 18456:Oppenheimer 18435:(1995 film) 18419:(1976 film) 18256:Blair House 17920:1950–1953; 17642:(1935–1945) 17623:(1945–1953) 17539:Shōwa Modan 17514:Hakkō ichiu 17451:Philippines 17338:after 1943) 17316:Territories 17274:Pacific War 17134:World War I 17010:Air Service 16950:Air Service 16823:Gozen Kaigi 16539:(Yoshihito) 16531:(Mutsuhito) 16477:Nationalism 16422:Agriculture 16167:Silverplate 16121:Leona Woods 16086:Leo Szilard 16061:Bruno Rossi 16006:Klaus Fuchs 15910:Ed Westcott 15900:Harold Urey 15647:– video by 15093:10023/20214 13654:Long, Gavin 12086:23 November 12054:Japan Times 11864:23 February 11838:Rhodes 1995 11593:Rhodes 1986 11569:Walker 1990 11533:Walker 2005 11518:20 December 11496:22 February 11378:22 February 11085:Br J Cancer 10966:Japan Times 10854:Japan Times 10728:(1): 1–14. 10722:Radiat. Res 10426:22 December 10374:22 December 10147:3 September 9924:Hixson 2002 9764:Japan Times 9710:22 December 9335:27 February 9243:Rhodes 1986 9231:Rhodes 1986 9094:22 February 9029:Japan Times 9001:Japan Times 8980:25 February 8950:25 February 8838:Groves 1962 8511:Groves 1962 8496:21 December 8470:Groves 1962 8248:24 February 8203:28 December 7236:Rotter 2008 7200:Bodden 2007 7138:Groves 1962 6798:Gowing 1964 6769:Bungei 1981 6729:Lifton 1991 6599:Newman 1995 6145:25 December 6074:30 November 6037:Gowing 1964 5517:17 December 5172:laws of war 5166:to include 5110:Ward Wilson 4931:Aioi Bridge 4899: [ 4888: [ 4877: [ 4866: [ 4827:Typhoon Ida 4629:. From the 4494:geneticist 4481:anencephaly 4320:Midori Naka 4284:flash burns 4137:John Hersey 3835:Kōichi Kido 3731:Ronald Shaw 3546:Jacob Beser 3288:batteries. 3286:searchlight 3206:martial law 3183:Radio Japan 3170:station on 3007:Kumao Imoto 2704:ground zero 2597:Aioi Bridge 2555:Nishinomiya 2252:ground crew 2126:, Korea or 2031:Carl Spaatz 1987:Carl Spaatz 1702:North Field 1654:Silverplate 1522:heavy water 1514:uranium-235 1432:Yuki Tanaka 1266:mustard gas 1149:Kantō Plain 1012:Pacific War 959:Pacific War 953:Pacific War 941:much debate 867:Silverplate 829:Pacific War 825:surrendered 738:Mutanchiang 559:New Britain 275:Pacific War 193:Hiroshima: 144: / 132:129°51′48″E 113: / 101:132°27′17″E 42:Pacific War 26157:Categories 25981:(Malaysia) 25969:(Thailand) 25850:Utsunomiya 25610:(Bulgaria) 25578:Hammerfest 25523:Yugoslavia 25492:Nottingham 25482:Manchester 25417:Birmingham 25369:Stalingrad 25271:Middelburg 24990:Peenemünde 24970:Nordhausen 24920:Königsberg 24885:Hildesheim 24800:Crailsheim 24714:Düsseldorf 24316:Washington 24236:New Mexico 24231:New Jersey 24106:California 23601:Journalism 23553:Corruption 23532:Government 23483:Demography 23470:Newspapers 23319:Sandy Hook 23222:Waco siege 23130:Reagan era 23036:Space Race 22969:Korean War 22910:home front 22742:Gilded Age 22710:Amendments 21984:West Hunan 21817:Pointblank 21153:Silver Fox 21139:Summer War 20892:Winter War 20871:Phoney War 20652:Azerbaijan 20613:Yugoslavia 20508:Luxembourg 20350:Resistance 20097:Yugoslavia 19962:Luxembourg 19764:Sook Ching 19560:War crimes 19162:Technology 19155:Opposition 19097:Lend-Lease 19074:Australian 19067:Home front 19025:Blitzkrieg 18975:Casualties 18966:Commanders 18938:Operations 18860:Lend-Lease 18804:Minorities 18685:Minorities 18591:Home front 18494:(grandson) 18482:(daughter) 18349:Truman Day 18234:Birthplace 17916:Korean War 17861:Department 17652:Presidency 17303:Occupation 17126:Taishō era 17071:Boshin War 16915:War crimes 16711:Government 16687:Tonarigumi 16594:Privy Seal 16589:State Seal 16547:(Hirohito) 16472:Militarism 16427:Censorship 16270:Demon core 16214:Little Boy 16135:Operations 15951:Niels Bohr 15941:Hans Bethe 15924:Scientists 15870:Boris Pash 15749:Los Alamos 15446:8 February 15106:5 December 14615:1099689341 14458:4 December 13681:31 October 12904:5 December 12149:26 January 12099:References 11581:Stohl 1979 11474:1 November 11318:Dower 1996 11306:Gruhl 2007 11265:4 November 11166:2 February 11135:rerf.or.jp 10944:29 January 10910:Japan News 10828:Kyodo News 10288:16 October 9978:(Report). 9936:White 1995 9810:3 February 9785:Sharp 2000 9770:12 October 9742:24 January 9647:Moore 1995 9495:5 December 9424:Frank 1999 9361:27 January 9204:29 January 9182:29 January 9148:23 January 8923:Sklar 1984 8693:23 January 8443:Frank 1999 8416:Frank 1999 8377:5 December 8313:10 January 8273:5 December 8237:The Nation 8197:Allgov.com 8035:23 January 7855:4 December 7824:4 December 7769:23 January 7672:Frank 1999 7479:Allen 1969 7428:4 December 7155:Frank 1999 6944:Asada 1996 6916:Frank 1999 6877:23 October 6853:26 January 6754:31 January 6697:Frank 1999 6666:5 December 6587:Frank 1999 6551:Frank 1999 6539:Jones 1985 6500:Jones 1985 6447:Kelly 2012 6390:Jones 1985 6351:1 February 6177:1 February 6110:Jones 1985 6098:Jones 1985 6049:Jones 1985 6025:Jones 1985 6013:Jones 1985 5556:Frank 1999 5074:war crimes 4798:See also: 4762:symptoms. 4694:pronounced 4606:Little Boy 4522:prenatally 4514:See also: 4425:conception 4312:hypocenter 4282:nature of 4239:See also: 4195:Karl Wirtz 4102:stopped a 3981:propaganda 3932:See also: 3769:Third Shot 3458:Dimples 83 3450:Full House 3440:Dimples 90 3422:Dimples 89 3401:Dimples 77 3380:Dimples 95 3362:Dimples 82 3273:Mitsubishi 3198:Tokyo time 3151:media help 3096:See also: 3023:Kempei Tai 2950:Rest House 2708:hypocenter 2517:Dimples 72 2509:Top Secret 2499:Dimples 91 2481:Dimples 89 2460:Dimples 82 2439:Dimples 83 2431:Full House 2421:Dimples 71 2403:Dimples 85 2308:firebreaks 2244:Little Boy 2179:The first 2100:yakinaoshi 2077:New Mexico 1823:incendiary 1811:blast wave 1784:Kitakyushu 1665:propellers 1562:Little Boy 1554:New Mexico 1258:poison gas 1185:depicting 1137:Sixth Army 1068:New Guinea 948:Background 837:Little Boy 683:Sagami Bay 672:Starvation 554:New Guinea 212:Nagasaki: 189:Casualties 129:32°46′25″N 98:34°23′41″N 26092:Fort Lamy 26058:Gibraltar 25918:Australia 25897:Singapore 25867:Yokkaichi 25860:June 1944 25840:Toyohashi 25760:Hiratsuka 25755:Hamamatsu 25702:Indonesia 25683:Hong Kong 25678:Chongqing 25622:(Croatia) 25616:(Austria) 25586:(Finland) 25574:(Ireland) 25568:(Hungary) 25545:Podgorica 25529:Belgrade 25502:Sheffield 25472:Liverpool 25442:Clydebank 25397:The Blitz 25359:Leningrad 25333:Bucharest 25291:The Hague 25266:Enkhuizen 25256:Eindhoven 25251:Amsterdam 25090:Benevento 25025:Stuttgart 24995:Pforzheim 24985:Paderborn 24980:Osnabrück 24975:Nuremberg 24945:Magdeburg 24905:Karlsruhe 24890:Innsbruck 24880:Heilbronn 24830:Frankfurt 24805:Darmstadt 24734:Wuppertal 24684:Battle of 24585:V-weapons 24575:Firestorm 24326:Wisconsin 24291:Tennessee 24196:Minnesota 24171:Louisiana 24065:The South 23636:Air Force 23511:Education 23373:recession 23329:Las Vegas 23237:Columbine 23194:1991–2008 23122:1980–1991 23023:1964–1980 22934:1945–1964 22888:Dust Bowl 22816:1917–1945 22697:1865–1917 22675:Civil War 22668:Secession 22613:1849–1865 22536:1815–1849 22507:Quasi-War 22484:1789–1815 22404:1776–1789 22357:Sugar Act 22049:Manchuria 21935:Indochina 21711:Bagration 21162:Lithuania 20807:Anschluss 20604:Viet Minh 20501:Lithuania 20443:Hong Kong 20213:Manchukuo 20168:Azad Hind 19827:Australia 19627:Aftermath 19490:Paperclip 19385:Aftermath 19185:Total war 19053:Diplomacy 19016:In Europe 18271:Elections 17972:Fair Deal 17857:Air Force 17504:Sonnō jōi 17456:Singapore 17441:Hong Kong 17403:Azad Hind 17378:Mengjiang 17373:Manchukuo 17347:Kantō-shū 17289:Surrender 17196:Shōwa era 17181:Truku War 17052:Meiji era 17020:Tokkeitai 16985:Kempeitai 16896:Senjinkun 16813:Daijō-kan 16776:Munitions 16657:Mokusatsu 16447:Education 16312:Plutonium 16178:Enola Gay 15996:Val Fitch 15946:Aage Bohr 15895:Bud Uanna 15764:Oak Ridge 15607:3 January 15580:3 January 15564:3 January 15426:3 January 15404:3 January 15388:3 January 15372:3 January 15356:3 January 15321:3 January 15301:3 January 15201:1531-4804 15101:159190983 14975:637052193 14900:297147193 14772:503042143 14726:0933-7954 14673:1522-0966 14580:154708989 14572:1467-7709 14543:1467-7709 14453:1680-7316 14380:252041787 14353:624416971 14190:0041-462X 14013:456652278 13900:0004-4687 13850:937289722 13833:144221035 13817:0095-6848 13723:0096-3402 13646:490493399 13619:0161-7370 13559:959675458 13506:271477587 13463:1058-3947 13344:715904227 13317:404745043 13204:853288543 13139:493738019 13071:746754306 13049:Ham, Paul 13041:0268-4527 12985:932666584 12965:(1983) . 12872:643381863 12785:968158870 12755:807140394 12695:466874831 12665:797975707 12627:256469807 12608:298514167 12581:842361345 12505:191922849 12412:Enola Gay 12256:153724357 12240:0162-2889 12178:720831424 12139:226537810 12064:15 August 11813:146916745 11698:1560-7755 11430:17 August 11404:14 August 11341:3 January 11291:8 January 11018:0098-7484 10977:25 August 10917:12 August 10889:12 August 10861:2 October 10833:12 August 10707:250864399 10638:Nagasaki. 10613:Radiology 10546:250823660 10209:124536768 10108:0027-8424 9880:22 August 9491:. Bonhams 9309:2 January 9087:The Argus 9040:9 January 9008:9 January 8754:Chun 2008 8458:Russ 1990 8428:Hoyt 2001 7909:30 August 7686:Hiroshima 6920:mokusatsu 6001:Coox 1994 5953:Coox 1994 5941:Coox 1994 5917:Kerr 1991 5575:1 January 5490:Drea 1992 5418:Coox 1969 5379:Long 1963 5246:By 2020, 5180:customary 5094:Manchuria 5010:旧長崎医科大学門柱 4980:旧城山国民学校校舎 4821:Hiroshima 4816:Memorials 4810:Hibakusha 4788:hibakusha 4744:hibakusha 4732:hibakusha 4723:hibakusha 4717:hibakusha 4713:hibakusha 4682:hibakusha 4658:Hibakusha 4651:Hibakusha 4635:dosimetry 4575:more than 4567:less than 4504:inherited 4490:In 1985, 4487:in Kure. 4400:hibakusha 4175:Otto Hahn 4128:Hiroshima 4125:The book 4034:radiation 3928:Reportage 3747:firestorm 3729:Corporal 3683:Enola Gay 3618:Big Stink 3610:plutonium 3522:Big Stink 3510:Yakushima 3506:Big Stink 3501:Big Stink 3432:Big Stink 3354:Enola Gay 3344:Call sign 3278:AN/APQ-13 3098:Mokusatsu 3063:firestorm 2980:Yamaguchi 2666:firestorm 2615:Enola Gay 2589:crosswind 2582:Enola Gay 2571:Enola Gay 2449:Enola Gay 2413:Jabit III 2382:Call sign 2341:Enola Gay 2332:Enola Gay 2275:59th Army 2239:Enola Gay 2223:Hiroshima 2189:beryllium 2166:USS 2109:mokusatsu 2102:) of the 2085:ultimatum 1858:President 1825:target." 1788:Hiroshima 1766:Commander 1634:code name 1187:Uncle Sam 1175:to pass. 852:plutonium 770:Hiroshima 727:Kantokuen 634:Air raids 549:Australia 539:Coral Sea 433:Singapore 428:Hong Kong 83:Hiroshima 26032:Tel Aviv 25951:Unalaska 25885:(Taiwan) 25876:Colonies 25845:Toyokawa 25825:Shizuoka 25714:Surabaya 25709:Sukabumi 25693:Shanghai 25655:Mandalay 25592:(Norway) 25584:Helsinki 25580:(Norway) 25566:Budapest 25550:Sarajevo 25497:Plymouth 25457:Greenock 25447:Coventry 25427:Brighton 25338:Ploiești 25276:Nijmegen 25261:Enschede 25140:Grosseto 25125:Frascati 25100:Cagliari 25055:Würzburg 24950:Mannheim 24875:Hannover 24795:Chemnitz 24755:Augsburg 24709:Duisburg 24704:Dortmund 24686:the Ruhr 24657:Le Havre 24497:Category 24311:Virginia 24261:Oklahoma 24241:New York 24216:Nebraska 24206:Missouri 24191:Michigan 24181:Maryland 24166:Kentucky 24146:Illinois 24121:Delaware 24111:Colorado 24101:Arkansas 23980:Lesbians 23954:Comanche 23949:Cherokee 23742:Medicine 23700:Genocide 23693:Religion 23615:Military 23588:Taxation 23538:Abortion 23454:Cultural 23334:Parkland 23264:Iraq War 23202:Gulf War 22974:Ivy Mike 22893:New Deal 22269:Colonial 22214:Timeline 22160:Category 22109:document 22019:document 21876:Ardennes 21860:Budapest 21808:Crossbow 21686:Overlord 21525:Smolensk 20743:Timeline 20578:Slovakia 20564:Thailand 20415:Ethiopia 20380:Bulgaria 20304:Portugal 20242:Thailand 20124:Bulgaria 19902:Eswatini 19895:Ethiopia 19848:Bulgaria 19673:Unit 731 19634:Response 19451:Keelhaul 19401:Cold War 19374:Americas 19365:timeline 19358:Atlantic 19238:Theaters 18738:Uniforms 18540:Category 18488:(mother) 18309:campaign 17660:Timeline 17482:Yen bloc 17470:Ideology 17461:Thailand 17330:Karafuto 17323:Colonies 16910:Kamikaze 16853:Military 16756:Treasury 16610:Policies 16601:Kimigayo 16522:Emperors 16489:Politics 16457:Eugenics 16415:Overview 16368:Category 16224:Thin Man 16185:Bockscar 15779:Wendover 15759:New York 15754:Montreal 15744:Inyokern 15719:Berkeley 15700:Timeline 15626:Archived 15551:Archives 15545:LibriVox 15466:9 August 15460:BBC News 15270:Decision 15259:in JSTOR 15209:57563920 15158:(2020). 15021:59148135 14958:70630623 14910:(2023). 14880:(2009). 14734:12242616 14649:32921746 14510:33243854 14483:22435734 14407:69423383 14255:10072916 14228:52714712 14208:(2003). 14161:20057103 14127:11785450 14100:44769066 14073:24429257 14021:7720934M 14005:95011070 13979:(1995). 13969:13793436 13947:(1986). 13937:13114344 13825:27756604 13780:15223648 13760:(1987). 13750:32625518 13656:(1963). 13519:10 March 13428:59395824 13401:10913875 13300:12722494 13269:26764320 13245:(1993). 13231:59464269 13181:82275622 13144:26 March 13081:(2006). 13051:(2011). 13012:76871604 12945:(1964). 12935:31969557 12814:(1999). 12765:(2017). 12724:23651196 12645:(2012). 12598:(2012). 12478:38257982 12432:58554961 12401:61395938 12208:20394384 11930:Archived 11644:Orr 2008 11512:"長崎原爆遺跡" 11285:Archived 11239:31 March 11197:9 August 11140:4 August 11117:12569380 11064:9 August 11055:Archived 10809:39187806 10801:10563451 10699:12546224 10609:Exposure 10590:72075872 10503:25032334 10351:25 March 10053:10 April 10016:army.mil 9676:26 April 9671:HuffPost 9634:BBC News 9122:14 April 8911:Ham 2011 8872:28 March 8799:30 April 8620:29 March 8180:Ham 2011 8122:18 March 8099:Ham 2011 8062:Ham 2011 8050:Ham 2011 8005:30 April 7999:Archived 7975:21 April 7940:25 March 7799:6 August 7793:Archived 7688:. Knopf. 7283:9 August 7258:Archived 7185:2 August 6932:Bix 1996 6420:6 August 6414:Archived 6279:30 April 6253:29 March 6221:9 August 6212:Archived 6088:series. 5818:8 August 5787:8 August 5760:8 August 5268:New Look 5264:Cold War 5176:positive 5103:Cold War 5025:山王神社二の鳥居 4995:浦上天主堂旧鐘楼 4939:Nagasaki 4673:Nagasaki 4623:neutrons 4527:in utero 4379:leukemia 4224:magazine 4169:project. 3675:Bockscar 3654:Bockscar 3649:Bockscar 3644:Bockscar 3635:Bockscar 3599:Bockscar 3561:Bockscar 3553:Bockscar 3542:coal tar 3530:Bockscar 3485:Bockscar 3481:Bockscar 3469:Bockscar 3416:Captain 3390:Bockscar 3338:Aircraft 3324:Bockscar 3314:Bockscar 3269:ordnance 3256:Bockscar 3240:Nagasaki 2984:Fukuyama 2795:Direct, 2551:Maebashi 2454:Colonel 2376:Aircraft 2363:was the 2281:and the 2185:polonium 1981:General 1926:Leaflets 1866:Nagasaki 1792:Yokohama 1698:Eniwetok 1694:Honolulu 1461:military 1444:Iwo Jima 1426:and the 1270:tear gas 1262:phosgene 1107:Hirohito 1102:advised 1084:Iwo Jima 1018:and the 774:Nagasaki 745:Chongjin 706:Downfall 644:Yokosuka 461:Tiderace 418:Thailand 87:Nagasaki 78:Location 26109:Portals 26048:Bahrain 25973:Colombo 25967:Bangkok 25883:Taihoku 25805:Okazaki 25785:Nagaoka 25745:Fukuoka 25688:Nanjing 25512:Swansea 25487:Norwich 25437:Cardiff 25432:Bristol 25412:Belfast 25380:Kingdom 25326:Romania 25307:Frampol 25230:Viterbo 25225:Vicenza 25210:Trieste 25205:Treviso 25175:Pescara 25170:Palermo 25150:Messina 25145:Livorno 25115:Ferrara 25110:Catania 25105:Cassino 25095:Bologna 25005:Rostock 25000:Potsdam 24960:Münster 24925:Leipzig 24865:Hamburg 24850:Giessen 24820:Dresden 24790:Breslau 24775:Bocholt 24729:Krefeld 24699:Cologne 24676:Germany 24636:Tallinn 24624:Estonia 24603:Denmark 24331:Wyoming 24306:Vermont 24211:Montana 24151:Indiana 24131:Georgia 24126:Florida 24096:Arizona 24086:Alabama 24053:Regions 23975:Gay men 23747:Railway 23707:Slavery 23503:Banking 23497:Economy 23339:El Paso 23324:Orlando 23058:Détente 22219:Outline 22086:Shumshu 21853:Hungary 21800:Estonia 21784:Lapland 21762:Dragoon 21695:Neptune 21677:Ichi-Go 21643:Tempest 21585:Changde 21540:Cottage 21432:Jubilee 21148:Finland 21046:Compass 20752:Prelude 20705:Finland 20591:Vietnam 20557:Romania 20429:Germany 20408:Estonia 20394:Denmark 20373:Belgium 20366:Austria 20359:Albania 20290:Ireland 20276:Andorra 20260:Neutral 20227:Romania 20161:Hungary 20146:Finland 20018:Romania 19910:Finland 19888:Denmark 19834:Belgium 19820:Algeria 19526:Romania 19512:Hungary 19268:Pacific 18992:General 18946:Leaders 18931:Battles 18924:Outline 18409:Chicago 17724:Cabinet 17043:History 17015:Marines 16652:Kokutai 16557:Symbols 16537:Taishō 16494:Statism 16437:Economy 16342:Uranium 16209:Fat Man 16202:Weapons 15774:Trinity 15739:Hanford 15724:Chicago 15529:YouTube 15518:YouTube 15507:YouTube 15331:Effects 15038:4527778 14742:7257634 14697:1358166 14678:30 June 14620:26 July 14431:Bibcode 14301:4495087 13908:2643028 13668:1297619 13576:1212857 12955:3195209 12899:4016678 12887:Bibcode 12632:2 March 12586:2 March 12550:2466051 12540:(ed.). 12381:(ed.). 12276:Bibcode 12248:2539014 12120:2466051 12110:(ed.). 11805:2197093 11703:3 March 11108:2747537 10766:3340713 10758:5314107 10750:3577175 10730:Bibcode 10679:Bibcode 10633:4684805 10526:Bibcode 10262:2 March 10126:9576898 10086:Bibcode 9994:4421057 9906:17 July 8343:2 April 7657:17 July 7555:25 June 7519:9 March 7099:26 July 6482:25 July 5313:25 July 4756:anxiety 4618:Fat Man 4614:Baratol 4604:, with 4598:sievert 4448:control 4386:. In a 4288:sunburn 4222:Fortune 4135:winner 4067:of the 3916:powers. 3880:kokutai 3844:kokutai 3565:Okinawa 3280:radar. 3261:Fat Man 3012:Shin'yō 2975:Chugoku 2700:Genbaku 2626:fire". 2624:ack-ack 2587:Due to 2563:Imabari 2163:cruiser 2128:Formosa 2115:kokutai 2075:in the 1796:Niigata 1745:Colonel 1672:Seattle 1610:Colonel 1570:Fat Man 1345:in the 1321:Chengdu 1104:Emperor 1088:Okinawa 1080:suicide 921:Niigata 906:General 895:ignored 889:in the 885:of the 877:in the 861:of the 848:Fat Man 846:, and " 698:Shumshu 583:Ellwood 448:Vietnam 89:, Japan 26053:Cyprus 25985:Manila 25930:Darwin 25925:Broome 25855:Yawata 25820:Sendai 25815:Rabaul 25800:Numazu 25790:Nagoya 25735:Aomori 25620:Zagreb 25614:Vienna 25596:Prague 25590:Namsos 25572:Dublin 25477:London 25452:Exeter 25378:United 25317:Wieluń 25312:Warsaw 25300:Poland 25220:Verona 25190:Rimini 25160:Naples 25120:Foggia 25080:Ancona 25020:Siegen 24965:Munich 24930:Lübeck 24910:Kassel 24810:Dessau 24785:Bremen 24770:Berlin 24750:Aachen 24694:Bochum 24645:France 24507:Portal 24461:Cities 24444:Cities 24266:Oregon 24221:Nevada 24161:Kansas 24136:Hawaii 24091:Alaska 24079:States 24005:Places 23767:Groups 23737:Lumber 23675:Fourth 23665:Second 23475:Sports 23460:Cinema 23429:Topics 23344:Uvalde 23314:Aurora 23309:Tucson 22233:Events 22063:Debate 22035:Taipei 22028:Borneo 21606:Tarawa 20800:Europe 20761:Africa 20550:Poland 20536:Norway 20515:Malaya 20494:Latvia 20436:Greece 20422:France 20318:Sweden 20283:Bhutan 20011:Poland 19997:Norway 19969:Mexico 19936:Greece 19922:France 19860:Canada 19841:Brazil 19811:Allies 19757:Serbia 19746:Poland 19519:Poland 19505:Baltic 19298:Europe 19000:Topics 18952:Allied 18773:Events 18476:(wife) 18467:Family 18440:Truman 18432:Truman 18337:Legacy 18147:(1950) 18126:(1948) 18115:(1947) 18104:(1947) 18098:(1947) 18092:(1946) 18086:(1946) 18058:(1946) 18052:(1946) 17995:1946; 17982:(1945) 17963:(1952) 17950:, 1951 17946:1950; 17912:(1949) 17901:1949; 17893:(1949) 17887:(1948) 17881:(1948) 17875:(1948) 17828:(1947) 17822:(1947) 17816:(1947) 17810:(1946) 17804:(1946) 17798:(1945) 17792:(1945) 17776:1945; 17673:second 17634:(1945) 17446:Malaya 17421:Borneo 17357:Taiwan 17352:Nan'yō 17342:Chōsen 17335:naichi 16545:Shōwa 16529:Meiji 16504:Kazoku 16452:System 15734:Dayton 15728:Site A 15249:online 15229:630225 15227: 15207: 15199: 15168: 15144: 15123: 15099: 15053: 15036: 15019: 15009: 14990: 14973: 14956: 14946: 14918: 14898: 14888: 14866: 14847: 14828: 14806: 14770: 14760: 14740: 14732: 14724: 14695: 14671: 14667:(21). 14647: 14637: 14613: 14603: 14578: 14570: 14541: 14508: 14498: 14481: 14451: 14405: 14395: 14378: 14368: 14351: 14341: 14319: 14299: 14289: 14270: 14253: 14243: 14226: 14216: 14198:827841 14196: 14188: 14159: 14149: 14125: 14115: 14098: 14088: 14071: 14061: 14042: 14019: 14011: 14003: 13993: 13967: 13957: 13935: 13925: 13906: 13898: 13867: 13848: 13831: 13823: 13815: 13778: 13768: 13748: 13738: 13721: 13698: 13666: 13644: 13634: 13617: 13595: 13574: 13557: 13547: 13533:木戶幸一日記 13504: 13480: 13461: 13426: 13416: 13399: 13380: 13361: 13342: 13332: 13315: 13298: 13288: 13267: 13257: 13229: 13219: 13202: 13186:31 May 13179: 13169: 13137: 13110: 13091: 13069: 13059: 13039: 13010: 13000: 12983: 12973: 12953: 12933: 12923: 12897: 12870: 12860: 12841: 12822: 12800: 12783: 12773: 12753: 12743: 12722: 12712: 12693: 12683: 12663: 12653: 12625: 12606: 12579: 12569: 12548: 12526:173307 12524: 12503: 12493: 12476: 12466: 12447: 12430: 12420: 12399: 12389: 12363: 12344: 12325: 12306: 12254: 12246: 12238: 12206: 12196: 12176: 12166: 12137: 12118: 11811: 11803: 11729: 11696: 11452:23 May 11115: 11105: 11047: 11016: 10807: 10799: 10764: 10756: 10748: 10705: 10697: 10631: 10607:Utero 10588: 10544: 10501: 10491: 10319: 10207: 10197: 10124: 10114: 10106: 10080:(10). 9992: 8082: 7789:UNESCO 7631:9 June 5304: 5206:Legacy 4838:. The 4778:(lit. 4579:prompt 4450:city, 4333:sepsis 4276:keloid 4255:, and 4210:, the 4111:'s 3837:, the 3538:Yahata 3473:Tinian 3395:Major 3174:, the 3172:Saipan 2781:kimono 2620: 2595:, the 2475:Major 2397:Major 2337:Tinian 2277:, the 2120:polity 1967: 1963: 1831: 1780:Kokura 1736:Kokura 1688:. The 1512:-pure 1343:Saipan 1341:, and 1339:Tinian 1161:Eighth 1153:Honshū 1141:Kyūshū 1058:, and 1020:Allies 1003: 996: 992: 990: 986: 984: 977: 973: 971: 917:Kokura 875:Tinian 857:. The 839:", an 819:. The 805:Allies 803:, the 468:Zipper 454:Jurist 423:Malaya 382:Ceylon 316:Midway 26123:Japan 26063:Malta 26027:Jaffa 26022:Haifa 25830:Tokyo 25810:Osaka 25740:Fukui 25730:Akita 25723:Japan 25671:China 25643:Burma 25608:Sofia 25467:Leeds 25364:Minsk 25354:Gorky 25235:Zadar 25215:Turin 25200:Terni 25165:Padua 25155:Milan 25135:Gorla 25130:Genoa 25068:Italy 25050:Worms 25035:Wesel 24955:Moers 24940:Mainz 24915:Kleve 24870:Hanau 24860:Halle 24825:Emden 24719:Essen 24662:Royan 24631:Narva 24615:Rønne 24296:Texas 24176:Maine 24141:Idaho 23969:LGBTQ 23962:Women 23732:Labor 23685:Sixth 23680:Fifth 23670:Third 23660:First 23465:Music 23207:NAFTA 21839:Leyte 21669:Narva 21655:Anzio 21613:Makin 21571:Burma 21455:Torch 21424:Rzhev 21385:Kiska 20471:Korea 20457:Japan 20450:Italy 20332:Tibet 20311:Spain 20189:Italy 19950:Italy 19943:India 19867:China 19742:Japan 19342:Italy 19254:China 19206:Women 18227:Homes 17702:1952) 17668:first 17426:Burma 17139:Entry 16833:Peers 16697:Senbu 16682:Tokkō 15707:Sites 15417:(PDF) 15205:S2CID 15097:S2CID 15069:(PDF) 14738:S2CID 14661:(PDF) 14597:(PDF) 14576:S2CID 14419:(PDF) 14194:JSTOR 13904:JSTOR 13829:S2CID 13821:JSTOR 13675:(PDF) 13535:[ 13513:(PDF) 13498:(PDF) 13163:(PDF) 13131:(PDF) 12252:S2CID 12244:JSTOR 11809:S2CID 11801:JSTOR 11058:(PDF) 11037:(PDF) 10805:S2CID 10746:JSTOR 10703:S2CID 10586:S2CID 10542:S2CID 10205:S2CID 10117:33857 10047:(PDF) 10040:(PDF) 10023:(PDF) 10012:(PDF) 9844:(PDF) 8793:(PDF) 8786:Riken 8782:(PDF) 8727:5 May 8587:5 May 7625:(PDF) 7618:(PDF) 7593:5 May 7513:(PDF) 7400:5 May 7338:4 May 7312:5 May 6620:(PDF) 6345:(PDF) 6334:(PDF) 6215:(PDF) 6208:(PDF) 6171:(PDF) 6164:(PDF) 5755:Wired 5281:Notes 5127:ones. 4954:torii 4903:] 4892:] 4881:] 4870:] 4668:Torii 4590:grays 4544:fetal 3791:kids. 3602:' 3341:Pilot 2706:(the 2379:Pilot 2210:on a 2152:Bombs 1800:Kyoto 1782:(now 1520:like 1457:avgas 1278:Luzon 1251:Luzon 1224:Ultra 1165:Tenth 1157:First 850:", a 639:Tokyo 627:Japan 544:Timor 26085:Chad 26017:Acre 25795:Naha 25780:Kure 25775:Kōfu 25770:Kobe 25750:Gifu 25538:1944 25533:1941 25462:Hull 25407:Bath 25195:Rome 25180:Pisa 25085:Bari 24895:Jena 24652:Caen 24610:Nexø 24364:Guam 24301:Utah 24256:Ohio 24156:Iowa 23631:Navy 23621:Army 23525:Flag 21905:1945 21633:1944 21474:1943 21402:Blue 21392:Attu 21299:1942 21058:1941 20910:1940 20848:1939 20777:Asia 20624:POWs 20464:Jews 20182:Iraq 20108:Axis 20058:Tuva 19874:Cuba 18959:Axis 18754:Navy 18734:Army 18304:1948 18294:1948 18284:1940 18191:Life 18043:1950 18038:1948 18033:1946 17903:NATO 17697:1950 17629:34th 17618:33rd 16751:Navy 16746:Army 15714:Ames 15609:2012 15582:2012 15566:2012 15468:2020 15448:2014 15428:2012 15406:2012 15390:2012 15374:2012 15358:2012 15323:2012 15303:2012 15225:OCLC 15197:ISSN 15166:ISBN 15142:ISBN 15121:ISBN 15108:2023 15051:ISBN 15034:OCLC 15017:OCLC 15007:ISBN 14988:ISBN 14971:OCLC 14954:OCLC 14944:ISBN 14916:ISBN 14896:OCLC 14886:ISBN 14864:ISBN 14845:ISBN 14826:ISBN 14804:ISBN 14768:OCLC 14758:ISBN 14730:PMID 14722:ISSN 14693:OCLC 14680:2013 14669:ISSN 14645:OCLC 14635:ISBN 14622:2023 14611:OCLC 14601:ISBN 14568:ISSN 14539:ISSN 14506:OCLC 14496:ISBN 14479:OCLC 14460:2016 14449:ISSN 14403:OCLC 14393:ISBN 14376:OCLC 14366:ISBN 14349:OCLC 14339:ISBN 14317:ISBN 14297:OCLC 14287:ISBN 14268:ISBN 14251:OCLC 14241:ISBN 14224:OCLC 14214:ISBN 14186:ISSN 14157:OCLC 14147:ISBN 14123:OCLC 14113:ISBN 14096:OCLC 14086:ISBN 14069:OCLC 14059:ISBN 14040:ISBN 14009:OCLC 14001:LCCN 13991:ISBN 13965:OCLC 13955:ISBN 13933:OCLC 13923:ISBN 13896:ISSN 13865:ISBN 13846:OCLC 13813:ISSN 13791:and 13776:OCLC 13766:ISBN 13746:OCLC 13736:ISBN 13719:ISSN 13696:ISBN 13683:2011 13664:OCLC 13642:OCLC 13632:ISBN 13615:ISSN 13593:ISBN 13572:OCLC 13555:OCLC 13545:ISBN 13521:2014 13502:OCLC 13478:ISBN 13459:ISSN 13424:OCLC 13414:ISBN 13397:OCLC 13378:ISBN 13359:ISBN 13340:OCLC 13330:ISBN 13313:OCLC 13296:OCLC 13286:ISBN 13265:OCLC 13255:ISBN 13227:OCLC 13217:ISBN 13200:OCLC 13188:2017 13177:OCLC 13167:ISBN 13146:2013 13135:OCLC 13108:ISBN 13089:ISBN 13067:OCLC 13057:ISBN 13037:ISSN 13008:OCLC 12998:ISBN 12981:OCLC 12971:ISBN 12951:OCLC 12931:OCLC 12921:ISBN 12906:2016 12895:OCLC 12868:OCLC 12858:ISBN 12839:ISBN 12820:ISBN 12798:ISBN 12781:OCLC 12771:ISBN 12751:OCLC 12741:ISBN 12720:OCLC 12710:ISBN 12691:OCLC 12681:ISBN 12661:OCLC 12651:ISBN 12634:2014 12623:OCLC 12604:OCLC 12588:2014 12577:OCLC 12567:ISBN 12546:OCLC 12522:OCLC 12501:OCLC 12491:ISBN 12474:OCLC 12464:ISBN 12445:ISBN 12428:OCLC 12418:ISBN 12397:OCLC 12387:ISBN 12361:ISBN 12342:ISBN 12323:ISBN 12304:ISBN 12236:ISSN 12204:OCLC 12194:ISBN 12174:OCLC 12164:ISBN 12151:2018 12135:OCLC 12116:OCLC 12088:2022 12066:2020 11866:2018 11727:ISBN 11705:2023 11694:ISSN 11620:2013 11520:2023 11498:2017 11476:2022 11454:2017 11432:2007 11406:2007 11380:2017 11343:2012 11293:2010 11267:2010 11241:2009 11199:2020 11168:2014 11142:2020 11113:PMID 11066:2020 11045:ISBN 11014:ISSN 10998:JAMA 10979:2007 10946:2016 10919:2024 10891:2024 10863:2007 10835:2024 10797:PMID 10762:PMID 10754:OSTI 10695:PMID 10629:PMID 10499:PMID 10489:ISBN 10428:2013 10376:2013 10353:2009 10317:ISBN 10290:2021 10264:2014 10195:ISBN 10149:2023 10122:PMID 10104:ISSN 10055:2018 9990:OSTI 9908:2016 9882:2013 9852:2016 9812:2014 9772:2013 9744:2018 9712:2016 9678:2011 9616:2013 9497:2016 9475:2013 9449:2013 9363:2015 9337:2015 9311:2012 9206:2018 9184:2018 9150:2016 9124:2007 9096:2014 9068:2013 9042:2009 9010:2009 8982:2018 8952:2018 8874:2013 8801:2007 8729:2007 8695:2016 8622:2013 8589:2007 8498:2012 8379:2016 8345:2015 8315:2013 8275:2016 8250:2017 8205:2012 8167:2013 8124:2014 8080:ISBN 8037:2016 8007:2007 7977:2013 7942:2009 7911:2010 7857:2016 7826:2016 7801:2005 7771:2016 7659:2016 7633:2006 7595:2007 7557:2010 7521:2014 7430:2016 7402:2007 7340:2007 7314:2007 7285:2020 7187:2024 7101:2009 6879:2020 6855:2018 6819:2017 6756:2013 6668:2016 6484:2023 6422:2005 6353:2012 6281:2019 6255:2023 6223:2006 6179:2012 6147:2011 6076:2023 5820:2011 5789:2011 5762:2011 5577:2024 5519:2013 5315:2023 5302:ISBN 5260:NATO 5158:The 4905:and 4758:and 4594:rads 4592:and 4479:and 4452:Kure 4325:LD50 4306:One 4044:and 4036:and 3826:and 3555:and 3312:The 3253:The 2999:Yi U 2763:The 2636:pika 2547:Saga 2236:The 2212:C-54 2141:and 2009:Sir 1809:The 1759:and 1696:and 1624:and 1600:The 1450:and 1369:The 1335:Guam 1272:and 1241:and 1163:and 1034:and 784:and 772:and 649:Kure 336:Truk 157:Date 85:and 68:Type 25030:Ulm 22417:War 16741:War 15527:on 15516:on 15505:on 15189:doi 15089:hdl 15081:doi 14714:doi 14560:doi 14531:doi 14439:doi 14178:doi 13888:doi 13805:doi 13795:". 13449:doi 13029:doi 12284:doi 12228:doi 11793:doi 11686:doi 11103:PMC 11093:doi 11006:doi 11002:268 10789:doi 10785:100 10738:doi 10726:113 10687:doi 10621:doi 10617:106 10576:doi 10534:doi 10481:doi 10309:doi 10187:doi 10164:doi 10112:PMC 10094:doi 9980:doi 8665:Mic 4957:at 4689:被爆者 3663:of 3176:OWI 2649:don 2559:Ube 2265:'s 1683:SS 1676:SS 1552:in 44:of 26159:: 21653:/ 17925:83 17295:, 15458:. 15419:. 15344:. 15340:. 15289:. 15203:. 15195:. 15185:31 15183:. 15095:. 15087:. 15077:42 15075:. 15071:. 15015:. 14952:. 14894:. 14766:. 14736:. 14728:. 14720:. 14710:37 14708:. 14663:. 14643:. 14609:. 14574:. 14566:. 14556:29 14554:. 14537:. 14527:14 14525:. 14521:. 14504:. 14473:. 14447:. 14437:. 14425:. 14421:. 14401:. 14374:. 14347:. 14295:. 14249:. 14222:. 14192:. 14184:. 14174:46 14172:. 14155:. 14137:; 14121:. 14094:. 14067:. 14017:OL 14015:. 14007:. 13999:. 13989:. 13963:. 13931:. 13902:. 13894:. 13884:10 13882:. 13827:. 13819:. 13811:. 13801:34 13799:. 13774:. 13744:. 13715:54 13713:. 13640:. 13553:. 13543:. 13457:. 13445:19 13443:. 13439:. 13422:. 13338:. 13294:. 13263:. 13225:. 13175:. 13065:. 13035:. 13025:13 13023:. 13006:. 12979:. 12929:. 12893:. 12866:. 12779:. 12749:. 12718:. 12689:. 12659:. 12575:. 12499:. 12472:. 12426:. 12395:. 12282:. 12272:42 12270:. 12250:. 12242:. 12234:. 12224:15 12222:. 12202:. 12172:. 12052:. 12034:. 11910:. 11874:^ 11857:. 11807:. 11799:. 11789:59 11787:. 11761:^ 11749:. 11721:. 11692:. 11682:38 11680:. 11674:. 11651:^ 11608:. 11363:^ 11334:. 11227:. 11185:. 11133:. 11111:. 11101:. 11089:88 11087:. 11083:. 11053:. 11039:. 11012:. 11000:. 10996:. 10963:. 10936:. 10907:. 10880:. 10851:. 10826:. 10803:. 10795:. 10783:. 10760:. 10752:. 10744:. 10736:. 10724:. 10701:. 10693:. 10685:. 10675:22 10673:. 10654:. 10635:. 10627:. 10615:. 10605:In 10584:. 10572:29 10570:. 10566:. 10554:^ 10540:. 10532:. 10522:12 10520:. 10497:. 10487:. 10463:^ 10384:^ 10339:. 10315:. 10280:. 10250:. 10203:, 10193:, 10120:. 10110:. 10102:. 10092:. 10078:95 10076:. 10072:. 10014:. 9988:. 9916:^ 9898:. 9868:. 9832:^ 9801:. 9761:. 9732:. 9720:^ 9669:. 9654:^ 9632:. 9607:. 9565:. 9538:^ 9526:. 9505:^ 9354:. 9250:^ 9112:. 9084:. 9058:. 9026:. 8998:. 8968:. 8938:. 8784:. 8681:. 8663:. 8566:^ 8477:^ 8450:^ 8435:^ 8331:. 8295:^ 8266:. 8234:. 8195:. 8155:. 8132:^ 8114:. 8023:. 7993:. 7963:. 7959:. 7928:. 7897:. 7846:. 7834:^ 7817:. 7791:. 7787:. 7743:. 7724:^ 7649:. 7603:^ 7543:. 7486:^ 7419:. 7293:^ 7266:^ 7256:. 7252:. 7177:. 7162:^ 7145:^ 7065:^ 6978:^ 6963:^ 6776:^ 6719:^ 6704:^ 6677:^ 6652:. 6636:^ 6626:. 6622:. 6606:^ 6531:^ 6492:^ 6475:. 6412:. 6397:^ 6336:. 6272:. 6246:. 6231:^ 6065:. 5806:. 5753:. 5585:^ 5505:. 5386:^ 5323:^ 5221:, 5202:. 4901:ja 4894:, 4890:ja 4883:, 4879:ja 4868:ja 4857:, 4850:. 4702:or 4692:, 4671:, 4562:. 4556:Gy 4429:Gy 4384:Gy 4339:. 4251:, 4247:, 4243:, 4149:. 3867:, 3080:. 2677:. 2655:ドン 2642:ピカ 2367:. 1775:. 1755:, 1572:. 1540:. 1478:, 1407:. 1337:, 1288:. 1268:, 1264:, 1212:, 1159:, 1066:, 1054:, 919:, 796:. 619:PX 528:RY 26111:: 25836:) 25832:( 24541:e 24534:t 24527:v 22195:e 22188:t 22181:v 21156:) 21150:( 20024:) 20020:( 19956:) 19952:( 19916:) 19912:( 19854:) 19850:( 18904:e 18897:t 18890:v 18817:) 18813:( 18765:) 18761:( 18740:) 18736:( 18575:e 18568:t 18561:v 18411:) 18317:" 18313:" 17859:/ 17598:e 17591:t 17584:v 17332:( 17299:) 17291:( 16400:e 16393:t 16386:v 15730:) 15726:( 15683:e 15676:t 15669:v 15611:. 15584:. 15568:. 15497:. 15484:. 15470:. 15450:. 15430:. 15408:. 15392:. 15376:. 15360:. 15325:. 15305:. 15231:. 15211:. 15191:: 15174:. 15150:. 15129:. 15110:. 15091:: 15083:: 15059:. 15040:. 15023:. 14996:. 14977:. 14960:. 14924:. 14902:. 14872:. 14853:. 14834:. 14812:. 14774:. 14744:. 14716:: 14699:. 14682:. 14651:. 14624:. 14582:. 14562:: 14545:. 14533:: 14512:. 14485:. 14462:. 14441:: 14433:: 14427:7 14409:. 14382:. 14355:. 14325:. 14303:. 14276:. 14257:. 14230:. 14200:. 14180:: 14163:. 14129:. 14102:. 14075:. 14048:. 14027:. 13971:. 13939:. 13910:. 13890:: 13873:. 13852:. 13835:. 13807:: 13782:. 13752:. 13725:. 13704:. 13685:. 13648:. 13621:. 13601:. 13578:. 13561:. 13523:. 13486:. 13465:. 13451:: 13430:. 13403:. 13386:. 13367:. 13346:. 13319:. 13302:. 13271:. 13233:. 13206:. 13190:. 13148:. 13116:. 13097:. 13073:. 13043:. 13031:: 13014:. 12987:. 12957:. 12937:. 12908:. 12889:: 12874:. 12847:. 12828:. 12806:. 12787:. 12757:. 12726:. 12697:. 12667:. 12636:. 12610:. 12590:. 12552:. 12528:. 12507:. 12480:. 12453:. 12434:. 12403:. 12369:. 12350:. 12331:. 12312:. 12290:. 12286:: 12278:: 12258:. 12230:: 12210:. 12180:. 12153:. 12122:. 12090:. 12068:. 11914:. 11868:. 11815:. 11795:: 11755:. 11735:. 11707:. 11688:: 11622:. 11522:. 11500:. 11478:. 11456:. 11434:. 11408:. 11382:. 11345:. 11295:. 11269:. 11243:. 11201:. 11170:. 11144:. 11119:. 11095:: 11068:. 11020:. 11008:: 10981:. 10948:. 10921:. 10893:. 10865:. 10837:. 10811:. 10791:: 10768:. 10740:: 10732:: 10709:. 10689:: 10681:: 10658:. 10623:: 10592:. 10578:: 10548:. 10536:: 10528:: 10483:: 10430:. 10378:. 10355:. 10325:. 10311:: 10292:. 10266:. 10224:. 10189:: 10170:. 10166:: 10151:. 10128:. 10096:: 10088:: 10057:. 9996:. 9982:: 9963:. 9910:. 9884:. 9854:. 9814:. 9774:. 9746:. 9714:. 9680:. 9618:. 9571:. 9532:. 9499:. 9477:. 9451:. 9365:. 9339:. 9313:. 9208:. 9186:. 9152:. 9126:. 9098:. 9070:. 9044:. 9012:. 8984:. 8954:. 8876:. 8803:. 8731:. 8697:. 8667:. 8624:. 8591:. 8500:. 8381:. 8347:. 8317:. 8277:. 8252:. 8207:. 8169:. 8126:. 8088:. 8039:. 8009:. 7979:. 7965:7 7944:. 7913:. 7859:. 7828:. 7803:. 7773:. 7747:. 7661:. 7597:. 7559:. 7523:. 7432:. 7404:. 7342:. 7316:. 7287:. 7189:. 7103:. 6881:. 6857:. 6821:. 6758:. 6672:) 6670:. 6486:. 6424:. 6355:. 6283:. 6257:. 6225:. 6181:. 6149:. 6078:. 5822:. 5791:. 5764:. 5579:. 5521:. 5317:. 5030:. 5028:) 5022:( 5013:) 5007:( 4998:) 4992:( 4983:) 4977:( 4709:) 4686:( 4382:1 4350:– 4191:' 4040:— 3793:' 3153:. 3141:. 2658:) 2652:( 2645:) 2639:( 2254:. 2187:- 305:K 266:e 259:t 252:v 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index