Doolittle Raid - Knowledge

3140: 53: 3523:(also known as Operation Sei-go) to prevent these eastern coastal provinces of China from being used again for an attack on Japan and to take revenge on the Chinese people. An area of some 20,000 sq mi (50,000 km) was laid waste. "Like a swarm of locusts, they left behind nothing but destruction and chaos", eyewitness Father Wendelin Dunker wrote. The Japanese killed an estimated 10,000 Chinese civilians during their search for Doolittle's men. People who aided the airmen were tortured before they were killed. Father Dunker wrote of the destruction of the town of Ihwang: "They shot any man, woman, child, cow, hog, or just about anything that moved, They raped any woman from the ages of 10–65, and before burning the town they thoroughly looted it ... None of the humans shot were buried either". The Japanese entered 2339: 4175: 2056: 3867: 3364:, where Meder died on 1 December 1943. The remaining men—Nielsen, Hite, Barr and DeShazer—eventually began receiving slightly better treatment and were given a copy of the Bible and a few other books. They were freed by American troops in August 1945. Four Japanese officers were tried for war crimes against the captured Doolittle Raiders, found guilty, and sentenced to hard labor, three for five years and one for nine years. Barr had been near death when liberated and remained behind in China recuperating until October, by which time he had begun to experience severe emotional problems. Untreated after transfer to 2095:, where the runway was painted with the outline of a carrier deck for landing practice. Doolittle, a famous military test pilot, civilian aviator, and aeronautical engineer before the war, was assigned to Army Air Forces Headquarters to plan the raid. The aircraft to be used would need a cruising range of 2,400 nautical miles (4,400 km) with a 2,000-pound (910 kg) bomb load, so Doolittle selected the B-25B Mitchell to carry out the mission. The range of the Mitchell was about 1,300 miles, so the bombers had to be modified to hold nearly twice the normal fuel reserves. Doolittle also considered the 2324: 3720: 137: 4231: 2354: 2305: 169: 2366: 3016: 4155: 3879: 3398: 2811: 3446: 151: 3294: 2139: 3904: 4351:– a pilot who participated in the raid, focuses on the experiences of himself and his crew. A popular film based on the book was released in 1944. Written while the war was still in progress, Lawson disguised the identities of the persons in China assisting the raiders and did not publish the story until after the USAAF had released an official communique on 20 April 1943 detailing most aspects of the mission, including the identities of the raiders and their fates. 2107:, but the B-26 had questionable takeoff characteristics from a carrier deck and the B-23's wingspan was nearly 50-percent greater than the B-25's, reducing the number that could be taken aboard a carrier and posing risks to the ship's superstructure. The B-18 was one of the final two types that Doolittle considered, and he rejected it for the same reason. The B-25 had yet to see combat, but tests indicated that it could fulfill the mission's requirements. 2157:(Medium) was chosen to provide the pool of crews from which volunteers would be recruited. The 17th BG had been the first group to receive B-25s, with all four of its squadrons equipped with the bomber by September 1941. The 17th not only was the first medium bomb group of the Army Air Corps, but in early 1942, also had the most experienced B-25 crews. Its first assignment following the entry of the United States into the war was to the U.S. 3236: 7453: 4282: 2176:, ostensibly to fly similar patrols off the East Coast of the United States, but in actuality to prepare for the mission against Japan. The group officially transferred effective 9 February 1942 to Columbia, where its combat crews were offered the opportunity to volunteer for an "extremely hazardous", but unspecified mission. On 19 February, the group was detached from the Eighth Air Force and officially assigned to 3707:, the Doolittle raid did little material damage, and all of it was easily repaired. Preliminary reports stated 12 were killed and more than 100 were wounded. Eight primary and five secondary targets were struck. In Tokyo, the targets included an oil tank farm, a steel mill, and several power plants. In Yokosuka, at least one bomb from the B-25 piloted by 1st Lt. Edgar E. McElroy struck the nearly completed 3357:. All eight captured in Jiangxi were tried and sentenced to death at a military trial in China, and then transported to Tokyo. There the Army Ministry reviewed their case, with five of the sentences being commuted and the other three being executed (presumably also in Tokyo or nearby). Out of the 80 crewmen, 3 died, 8 were captured (as seen here) and 3 were killed in captivity by the Japanese. 3389:: 3 KIA: 2 off the coast of China, 1 in China; 8 POW: 3 executed, 1 died in captivity, 4 repatriated. In addition, seven crew members (including all five members of Lawson's crew) received injuries serious enough to require medical treatment. Of the surviving prisoners, Barr died of heart failure in 1967, Nielsen in 2007, DeShazer on 15 March 2008, and the last, Hite, died 29 March 2015. 3683: 3090:

including Doolittle, had ever taken off from a carrier before, all 16 aircraft launched safely between 08:20 and 09:19, though Doolittle's bomber was witnessed to have almost hit the water before pulling up at the last second. The B-25s then flew toward Japan, most in groups of two to four aircraft, before flying singly at wave-top level to avoid detection.

3307:. When the Chinese helped the Americans escape, the grateful Americans, in turn, gave them whatever they had on hand. The people who helped them paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. Most of them were tortured and executed for giving aid. During the search an estimated 250,000 Chinese lives were taken by the Japanese Imperial Army. Eight Raiders were 6580:... Lt. Gen. John 'Jack' Hudson, the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force director, accepted the medal on behalf of the Raiders. 'If here, the Raiders would tell you that they just wanted to help out with our nation's war effort,' Hudson said. 'The Doolittle Raiders' service model of excellence ... is an inspiration for all of today's military.' 4074:, and groups of Army and Navy men loading the bomber's bombs and ammunition. Also exhibited are the silver goblets used by the Raiders at each of their annual reunions, pieces of flight clothing and personal equipment, a parachute used by one of the Raiders in his bailout over China, and group photographs of all 16 crews, and other items. 6645: 3752:

followed, and in poorer districts people rushed into the streets shouting and gesticulating, losing their normal "iron control" over their emotions and showing a "tendency to panic". The police guards on Allied and neutral missions were doubled to foil reprisal attacks; and the guard on the German mission was tripled.

3125:) over Japan, no bomber was shot down. Only the B-25 of 1st Lt. Richard O. Joyce received any battle damage, minor hits from antiaircraft fire. B-25 No. 4, piloted by 1st Lt. Everett W. Holstrom, jettisoned its bombs before reaching its target when it came under attack by fighters after its gun turret malfunctioned. 4694:

discovered until the raiders were at sea, and the extra flying distance caused by the premature launch meant that the B-25 had no chance of reaching the Chinese coast. York, Doolittle's operations officer and the only West Pointer among the raiders, made decision in flight to divert to the closer USSR.

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The carburetors of the B-25s had been carefully adjusted and bench-marked at Eglin Field for maximum fuel efficiency in low level flight. Without Doolittle's knowledge and in violation of his orders, both carburetors on York's plane had been replaced by depot workers in Sacramento. The change was not

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had been informed of the mission specifics, the outcome might have been very much better for the Americans: Chennault had built an effective air surveillance net in China that would have been able to provide updated arrival information about the raiders to the airfield crews, and could have confirmed

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The aircraft carrier Hornet was the 'Shangri-La' from which 16 American bombers under Maj. Gen. James H. (Jimmy) Doolittle bombed Japan a year ago and all but one of the planes was wrecked on or off the China Coast after carrying out their mission 'with complete success', the first official story of

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for "outstanding heroism, valor, skill, and service to the United States in conducting the bombings of Tokyo." The award ceremony took place at the Capitol Building on 15 April 2015 with retired Air Force Lieutenant General John Hudson, the Director of the National Museum of the Air Force, accepting

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The Imperial Japanese Navy also bore a special responsibility for allowing an American aircraft carrier force to approach the Japanese Home Islands in a manner similar to the IJN fleet to Hawaii in 1941, and permitting it to escape undamaged. The fact that medium, normally land-based bombers carried

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Despite the minimal damage inflicted, American morale, still reeling from the attack on Pearl Harbor and Japan's subsequent territorial gains, soared when news of the raid was released. The Japanese press was told to describe the attack as a cruel, indiscriminate bombing against civilians, including

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The crews of two aircraft (10 men in total) were unaccounted for: those of 1st Lt. Dean E. Hallmark (sixth off) and 1st Lt. William G. Farrow (last off). On 15 August 1942, the United States learned from the Swiss Consulate General in Shanghai that eight of the missing crew members were prisoners of

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Doolittle stated in his after-action report that the crews reached a "safely operational" level of training, despite several days when flying was not possible because of rain and fog. One aircraft was written off in a landing accident on 10 March and another was heavily damaged in a takeoff accident

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Of the 16 crews involved, 14 returned to the United States or reached the safety of American forces, though one man was killed while bailing out. Eight men were captured by Japanese forces in eastern China (the other two crew members having drowned in the sea), and three of them were later executed.

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undetected and place a landing party ashore to obtain weather information vital to the upcoming Doolittle raid. The film suggests the raid did not launch until up-to-the-minute data were received. All the after-action reports indicated the raid launched without time for weather briefings because of

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It was hoped that the damage done would be both material and psychological. Material damage was to be the destruction of specific targets with ensuing confusion and retardation of production. The psychological results, it was hoped, would be the recalling of combat equipment from other theaters for

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to refit and replace its air losses. Spearheaded by five aircraft carriers and its best naval aircraft and aircrews, the Second Fleet was immediately ordered to locate and destroy the U.S. carrier force, but failed to do so, due to the American fleet choosing to head back to Hawaii (had they stayed

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to be left in contaminated food and contaminated wells with the withdrawal of the army from areas around Yushan, Kinhwa and Futsin. Around 1,700 Japanese troops died out of a total 10,000 Japanese soldiers who fell ill with disease when their biological weapons attack rebounded on their own forces.

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The raiders faced several unforeseen challenges during their flight to China: night was approaching, the aircraft were running low on fuel, and the weather was rapidly deteriorating. None would have reached China if not for a tail wind as they came off the target, which increased their ground speed

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on 31 March. Fifteen made up the mission force and the 16th, by last-minute agreement with the Navy, was loaded so that it could be launched shortly after departure from San Francisco to demonstrate to the Army pilots that there was sufficient deck space for a safe takeoff. Instead, that bomber was

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On the ground, the raid killed about 50 people and injured 400. Damage to Japanese military and industrial targets was slight, but the raid had major psychological effects. In the United States, it raised morale. In Japan, it raised fear and doubt about the ability of military leaders to defend the

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Officially a U.S. Navy installation, the facility was originally built by the Works Progress Administration as a camp for government employees, opening in 1938. President Franklin D. Roosevelt took it over in a few years and named it 'Shangri-La', for the mountain kingdom in Lost Horizon, the 1933

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Chiang Kai-Shek awarded the raiders China's highest military decorations, and predicted (in his diary) that Japan would alter its goals and strategy as a result of the disgrace. Indeed, the raid was a shock to staff at Japanese Imperial General Headquarters. As a direct consequence, Japan attacked

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Installation of a 160-US-gallon (610 L; 130 imp gal) collapsible neoprene auxiliary fuel tank, fixed to the top of the bomb bay, and installation of support mounts for additional fuel cells in the bomb bay, crawlway, and lower turret area, to increase fuel capacity from 646 to 1,141

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The American pilots, instead of landing as planned, were forced to bail out due to a lack of ground lighting to provide guidance. Chinese airfield crews recounted that due to the unexpected early arrival of the B-25s, homing beacon and runway torch lights were not on for fear of possible Japanese

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Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25 crews who had reached China eventually found safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. Of the 16 planes and 80 airmen who participated in the raid, all either crash-landed, were ditched, or crashed after their crews bailed out, with the

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The Children of the Doolittle Raiders organization was founded on 18 April 2006, authorized by the Doolittle Raiders organization and the surviving members at the time. Descendants of the Doolittle Raiders organize fundraisers for a scholarship fund and continue to organize the Doolittle Raiders

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who was under house arrest in Tokyo at the time, said that Japanese staff had been amused at the embassy's air raid precautions as the idea of an attack on Tokyo was "laughable" with the Allies in retreat, but the guards now showed "considerable excitement and perturbation". Several false alarms

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27 of the 28 flew B-25 combat missions with the 7th and 341st Bomb Groups. Three died on 3 June 1942 when their B-25s collided with a mountain in poor weather after bombing Lashio airfield in Burma, and two others on 18 October in the takeoff crash of their B-25 from Dinjan, India, on a bombing

3372:, Barr became suicidal and was held virtually incommunicado until November, when Doolittle's personal intervention resulted in treatment that led to his recovery. DeShazer graduated from Seattle Pacific University in 1948 and returned to Japan as a missionary, where he served for over 30 years. 3297:

Lt. Col. Doolittle with members of his flight crew and Chinese officials in China after the attack. From left to right: Staff Sgt. Fred A. Braemer, bombardier; Staff Sgt. Paul J. Leonard, flight engineer/gunner; Chao Foo Ki, secretary of the Western Chekiang Province Branch Government. 1st Lt.

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was vulnerable to military action by Japanese forces. Consequently, in accordance with international law, the crew members were interned, despite official US requests for their release, and the B-25 was impounded. York would later report that he and his crew had been treated well by the Soviet

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decided to launch the B-25s immediately—10 hours early and 170 nautical miles (310 km; 200 mi) farther from Japan than planned. After respotting to allow for engine start and runups, Doolittle's aircraft had 467 feet (142 m) of takeoff distance. Although none of the B-25 pilots,

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on 21 December 1941 and said that Japan should be bombed as soon as possible to boost public morale after Pearl Harbor. Doolittle recounted in his autobiography that the raid was intended to bolster American morale and to cause the Japanese to begin doubting their leadership: "An attack on the

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discussed a "possible attack by the Japanese upon our plants in San Diego and then a flight by those Japs down into Mexico after they have made their attack". So Secretary Stimson asked State to "touch base with their people south of the border", and Marshall flew to the West Coast on 22 May.

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considered the "one-way" raid "excellent strategy", with the bombers evading Army fighters by flying "much lower than anticipated". Kuroshima said the raid "passed like a shiver over Japan" and Miwa criticised the Army for claiming to have shot down nine aircraft rather than "not even one".

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women and children. After the war, the casualty count was 87 dead, 151 serious injuries, and more than 311 minor injuries; children were among those killed, and newspapers asked their parents to share their opinion on how the captured raiders should be treated.

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by 25 kn (46 km/h; 29 mph) for seven hours. The crews realized they would probably not be able to reach their intended bases in China, leaving them the option of either bailing out over eastern China or crash-landing along the Chinese coast.

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Doolittle took along all 22 flight crews, both to provide spare flight personnel and as an additional security measure. Lawson wrote that the copilot of one crew (Farrow's) was replaced on 17 April, the day before the mission, by one of the spare

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in June 1942, where it converted to Martin B-26 Marauder medium bombers. In November 1942, it deployed overseas to North Africa, where it operated in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations with the Twelfth Air Force for the remainder of the war.

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conference. The name is fitting since the Doolittle Raiders flew such a long distance and the B-21 Raider is also intended to have an extremely long range. This is because it is designed for the Indo-Pacific theater, where ranges are very long.

3663:. Thus, the raid's most significant strategic accomplishment was that it compelled the Japanese high command into ordering a very inefficient disposition of their forces, and poor decision-making due to fear of attack, for the rest of the war. 3539:

five years before. Less than a month later, the Japanese forces put what remained of the city to the torch. "This planned burning was carried on for three days," one Chinese newspaper reported, "and the city of Nancheng became charred earth."

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and Task Force 18 got underway from San Francisco Bay at 08:48 on 2 April with the 16 bombers in clear view. At noon the next day, parts to complete modifications that had not been finished at McClellan were lowered to the forward deck of

2257:, Florida, beginning 1 March 1942. There, the crews received concentrated training for three weeks in simulated carrier deck takeoffs, low-level and night flying, low-altitude bombing, and over-water navigation, operating primarily out of 3203:. The Americans presented themselves to a British consulate on 11 May 1943. A cover story was concocted that York had bribed a smuggler to assist them in escaping from Soviet custody. The fact that the "smuggling" had been staged by the 2833:. Each aircraft carried four specially constructed 500-pound (225 kg) bombs. Three of these were high-explosive munitions and one was a bundle of incendiaries. The incendiaries were long tubes, wrapped together to be carried in the 4222:. Following the launch, eight B-25s flew up the coast where General Doolittle and his son John P. Doolittle watched as each B-25 came in for a low pass, dropping 250 red, white, and blue carnations into the surf, concluding the event. 3928:, one for each of the 80 Raiders, were used for this toast; the goblets of those who had died were inverted. Each Raider's name was engraved on his goblet both right side up and upside down. The Raiders drank a toast using a bottle of 3465:. Every Doolittle Raider was also decorated by the Chinese government. In addition, Corporal David J. Thatcher (a flight engineer/gunner on Lawson's crew) and 1st Lt. Thomas R. White (flight surgeon/gunner with Smith) were awarded the 3743:. The Japanese press claimed that nine had been shot down, but there were no pictures of crashed planes. Embassy staff were "very happy and proud" and the British said that they "drank toasts all day to the American flyers". Sir 4022:, Doolittle's copilot in aircraft No. 1, was the last surviving Doolittle Raider and the only one to live to an older age than Doolittle, who died in 1993 at age 96. Cole was the only Raider still alive when the wreckage of 6008:

the memorable raid revealed Tuesday night. A detailed War Department account of the raid said the only plane which came through unscathed was one which made a forced landing on Russian territory where its crew was interned.

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and flight engineer Sgt. Donald E. Fitzmaurice of Hallmark's crew, were found to have drowned when their B-25 crashed into the sea. Both of their remains were recovered after the war and were buried with military honors at

3579:, the commander of Japanese forces involved in the massacre of the 250,000 Chinese civilians, was sentenced in 1948 in part due to his "failure to prevent atrocities". He was given a life sentence but was paroled in 1954. 3543:

When Japanese troops moved out of the Zhejiang and Jiangxi areas in mid-August, they left behind a trail of devastation. Chinese estimates put the civilian death toll at 250,000. The Imperial Japanese Army had also spread

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toward eastern China. One B-25, piloted by Captain Edward J. York, was extremely low on fuel, and headed instead for the Soviet Union rather than be forced to ditch in the middle of the East China Sea. Several fields in

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The Doolittle Raiders held an annual reunion almost every year from the late 1940s to 2013. The high point of each reunion was a solemn, private ceremony in which the surviving Raiders performed a roll call, then

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for helping the wounded crew members of Lt. Lawson's crew to evade Japanese troops in China. Finally, as Doolittle noted in his autobiography, he successfully insisted that all of the Raiders receive a promotion.

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Immediately following the raid, Doolittle told his crew that he believed the loss of all 16 aircraft, coupled with the relatively minor damage to targets, had rendered the attack a failure, and that he expected a

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s flight deck before more than 1,500 guests. The launch took place off the coast of San Diego. Four B-25s were approved by the US Navy for the reenactment with two selected. The other two participants were B-25J

2284:, California. They arrived two days later at the Sacramento Air Depot for inspection and final modifications. According to notes written at the time, five crews did additional training on March 30 and 31 at the 4296: 3008:). The ships proceeded in radio silence. On the afternoon of 17 April, the slow oilers refueled the task force, then withdrew with the destroyers to the east while the carriers and cruisers dashed west at 20 6352: 2837:, but designed to separate and scatter over a wide area after release. Five bombs had Japanese "friendship" medals wired to them—medals awarded by the Japanese government to U.S. servicemen before the war. 3962:

The "final toast to fallen comrades" by the surviving raiders took place at the NMUSAF on 9 November 2013, preceded by a B-25 flyover, and was attended by Richard Cole, Edward Saylor, and David Thatcher.

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was officially in force, the Soviet government was officially unable to immediately repatriate any Allied personnel involved in hostilities who entered Soviet territory. Furthermore, at the time, the

1959:. Although the raid caused comparatively minor damage, it demonstrated that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to American air attacks. It served as an initial retaliation for the December 7, 1941, 3160:

capital. The primary base was at Zhuzhou, toward which all the aircraft navigated, but Halsey never sent the planned signal to alert them, apparently because of a possible threat to the task force.

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in China. As did the others who participated in the mission, Doolittle had to bail out, but he landed in a heap of dung (saving a previously injured ankle from breaking) in a paddy in China near

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territories in China to prevent similar shuttle bombing runs. High command withdrew substantial air force resources from supporting offensive operations in order to defend the home islands. The

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agreed to the landing sites in China despite the concern of Japanese reprisals. Five possible airfields were selected. These sites would serve as refueling stops, allowing the crews to fly to

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Leland D. Faktor, flight engineer/gunner with 1st Lt. Robert M. Gray, was killed during his bailout attempt over China, the only man in that crew to be lost. Two crews (10 men) were missing.

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Doolittle's after-action report stated that some B-25s were heard overflying the bases, but because the Chinese had not been alerted to the attack, they assumed it was a Japanese air raid.

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Doolittle, first off, was 610 nautical miles (1,130 km; 702 mi) from Tokyo at launch, while Farrow, last off, was 600 nautical miles (1,110 km; 690 mi) from landfall.

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home defense thus effecting relief in those theaters, the development of a fear complex in Japan, improved relationships with our Allies, and a favorable reaction on the American people.

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Doolittle received the Medal of Honor in 1942 from President Roosevelt in a ceremony attended by (standing, L–R) Lt. Gen. H. H. Arnold, Josephine Doolittle, and Gen. George C. Marshall.

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to B-25B configuration from an F-10D photo reconnaissance version of the B-25D). The bomber, which North American Aviation presented to the Raiders in 1958, rests on a reproduction of

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The aircraft began arriving over Japan about noon Tokyo time, six hours after launch, climbed to 1,500 feet (460 m) and bombed 10 military and industrial targets in Tokyo, two in

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runs (taking off and landing at different air bases) were shown to be an effective carrier task force tactic since there was no need for the ships to wait for the returning aircraft.

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Japanese homeland would cause confusion in the minds of the Japanese people and sow doubt about the reliability of their leaders. ... Americans badly needed a morale boost."

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An unusual consequence of the raid came after when—in the interests of secrecy—President Roosevelt answered a reporter's question by saying that the raid had been launched from "

7442: 3477:, including the entire crews of planes 4, 10, and 13, flying missions, most for more than a year; five were killed in action. Nineteen crew members flew combat missions in the 4234:

Doolittle Raiders Lt. Col. Richard Cole, co-pilot of Crew No. 1 (right), and Staff Sgt. David Thatcher, engineer-gunner of Crew No. 7, with the Congressional Gold Medal (2015)

3497:. Altogether, 12 of the survivors died in air crashes within 15 months of the raid. Two survivors were separated from the USAAF in 1944 due to the severity of their injuries. 304: 6734: 4292: 4263:

was formally named "Raider" in honor of the Doolittle Raiders. The last surviving Doolittle Raider, retired Lt Col Richard E. Cole, was present at the naming ceremony at the

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Richard E. Cole, copilot; Doolittle; Henry H. Shen, bank manager; Lt. Henry A. Potter, navigator; General Ho, director of the Branch Government of Western Chekiang Province.

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playing a fictional Captain Jack Turner who was hidden from the Japanese in China by a Chinese widow and her daughter, after he parachutes from his B-25 near her village.

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from which the Doolittle Raid was launched. The film's portrayal of the planning of the raid, the air raid itself, and the raid's aftermath, is not historically accurate.

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single exception of Capt. York and his crew, who landed in the Soviet Union. Despite the loss of these 15 aircraft, 69 airmen escaped capture or death, with only three

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The Japanese, through a small amount of intercepted radio traffic between Halsey and Mitscher, were aware that an American carrier force was at large in the

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was launched to prevent the US from using the islands as bomber bases to attack Japan—this required two carriers that otherwise would have been used for the

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The 16th aircraft, commanded by Capt. Edward York (eighth off – AC #40-2242) flew to the Soviet Union and landed 40 miles (64 km) beyond Vladivostok at

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On 1 April 1942, the 16 modified bombers, their five-man crews, and Army maintenance personnel, totaling 71 officers and 130 enlisted men, were loaded onto

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The surviving captured airmen remained in military confinement on a starvation diet, their health rapidly deteriorating. In April 1943, they were moved to

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1st Lt. Richard Joyce was to have flown this aircraft back to the mainland with Navy Lieut. Miller as his copilot. Instead, he flew the tenth bomber off

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When planning indicated that the B-25 was the aircraft that best met all of the requirements of the mission, two were loaded aboard the aircraft carrier

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novel by James Hilton. It was renamed in 1953 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in honor of his then-five-year-old grandson, Dwight David Eisenhower II.

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On 21 April 1992, in conjunction with other Department of Defense World War II 50th-Anniversary Commemorative Events, two B-25 Mitchell bombers, B-25J

2130:. Bombers attacking defended targets often relied on a fighter escort to defend them from enemy fighters, but accompanying fighters were not possible. 1542: 1475: 829: 297: 4143:, a memorial hall honoring the Doolittle Raiders and the Chinese who provided them with assistance in aftermath of the raid is located at the city of 3966:

Seven other men, including Lt. Miller and raider historian Col. Carroll V. Glines, are considered honorary Raiders for their efforts for the mission.

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On 18 April 2013, a final reunion for the surviving Raiders was held at Eglin Air Force Base, with Robert Hite the only survivor unable to attend.

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province were supposed to be ready to guide them in using homing beacons, then recover and refuel them for continuing on to Chongqing, the wartime

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This mission showed that a B-25 takeoff from a carrier was easier than previously thought, and night operations could be possible in the future.

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Doolittle recounted in his autobiography that at the time he thought the mission was a failure and he would be demoted upon return to the US.

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after returning to the United States, four of whom were killed in action and four becoming prisoners of war. Nine crew members served in the

3222:. The mission was the longest ever flown in combat by the B-25 Mitchell medium bomber, averaging about 2,250 nautical miles (4,170 km). 3031:

At 07:38 on the morning of 18 April, while the task force was still about 650 nautical miles (1,200 km; 750 mi) from Japan (around

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and Miller remained aboard until the task force returned to port when Doolittle decided to increase the attacking force to all 16 aircraft.

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out the attack confused the IJN's high command. This confusion and the knowledge that Japan was now vulnerable to air attack strengthened

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on 10 January 1942 that he thought that twin-engined Army bombers could be launched from an aircraft carrier, after observing several at

1265: 757: 52: 3936:, not far from Eglin Air Force Base, where they trained for the original mission. The bottle and the goblets had been maintained by the 6682: 6067: 4504:, including film footage of Doolittle and the flight preparations, along with the B-25s launching, is the story of missionary Sergeant 3731:

Allied ambassadors and staff in Tokyo were still interned until agreement was reached about their repatriation via the neutral port of

3458: 2199:, the 710th Military Police Battalion provided tight security around this hangar. B-25B aircraft modifications included the following: 1694: 1622: 1114: 964: 6391: 5566: 3739:(US) realized the low-flying planes overhead were American (not Japanese planes on maneuvers) he thought they may have flown from the 3531:), population 50,000 on June 11, "beginning a reign of terror so horrendous that missionaries would later dub it 'the Rape of Nancheng 3474: 3380: 1258: 384: 4675:

did not go out until 07:52. Heavy seas made hitting the picket boat difficult even with rapid fire, and it was not sunk until 08:23.

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that there was no risk of Japanese airstrikes, allowing the landing lights to be lit at the time necessary to allow safe landings.

3074:. The chief petty officer who captained the boat killed himself rather than be captured, but five of the 11 crew were picked up by 1733: 1706: 1153: 1078: 1005: 4472:

playing Doolittle) presented a heavily fictionalized version of the raid. The film used the retired World War II aircraft carrier

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that accompanied the goblets to each Raider reunion. In 2013, the remaining Raiders decided to hold their last public reunion at

1836: 4652:

York was born Edward Joseph Cichowski and was known as "Ski". He legally changed his name to York in early 1942 before the raid.

6464: 4239: 2009:. The consequences of the Doolittle Raid were most severely felt in China: in reprisal for the raid, the Japanese launched the 1997:

of civilians created a desire for retribution—this was exploited for propaganda purposes. The raid also pushed forward Admiral

1535: 6019: 5986: 5158: 3997:, the then-enlisted engineer/gunner of aircraft No. 15 during the raid, died 28 January 2015 of natural causes at his home in 3845:. The true details of the raid were revealed to the public one year later, in April 1943. The Navy, in 1944, commissioned the 2183:

Initial planning called for 20 aircraft to fly the mission, and 24 of the group's B-25B Mitchell bombers were diverted to the

2005:

in the Central Pacific—an attack that turned into a decisive defeat of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) by the US Navy in the

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on 23 March, while a third was removed from the mission because of a nose wheel shimmy that could not be repaired in time.

2088: 1755: 1726: 1168: 1126: 959: 810: 504: 445: 272: 6088: 5668: 4439:, based on the book of the same title by Ted Lawson, who was seriously injured in a crash landing off the coast of China. 3823:

After the raid the Americans were worried in April about the "still very badly undermanned west coast" and Chief of Staff

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Doolittle and his crew, after parachuting into China, received assistance from Chinese soldiers and civilians, as well as

6409: 4867: 3478: 3434:), while reporting his presence, made no mention of his still-secret recent training at Eglin. He went on to command the 3183: 2119: 1892: 1270: 935: 703: 450: 6965: 6191: 6048: 3500:

The 17th Bomb Group, from which the Doolittle Raiders had been recruited, received replacement crews and transferred to

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upon his return to the United States. Instead, the raid bolstered American morale. Doolittle was promoted two grades to

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at Norfolk and were flown off the deck without difficulty on 3 February 1942. The raid was immediately approved and the

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s flight deck. Several authentically dressed mannequins surround the aircraft, including representations of Doolittle,

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at a depth of more than 17,000 feet (5,200 m) off the Solomon Islands. Cole died 9 April 2019, at the age of 103.

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s fighters and scout planes provided protection for the entire task force in the event of a Japanese air attack, since

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The first bombing mission by B-25s preceded the Doolittle Raid by only 12 days. On 6 April 1942, six Mitchells bombed

3908:

Panel discussion with William Bower, Richard E. Cole, Thomas Griffin, Edwin Horton, and C. V. Glines, 10 November 2006

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When their remains were recovered after the war, Farrow, Hallmark, and Meder were buried with full military honors at

6313: 5972: 3411: 3275: 3196: 1767: 1528: 156: 4455: 1564: 1480: 855: 20: 6217: 1902: 4129: 3937: 3253: 1877: 1814: 1663: 1646: 1180: 6108: 3199:, 20 miles (32 km) from the Soviet-Iranian border. In mid-1943, they were allowed to cross the border into 1897: 7213: 7106: 6994: 6937: 3482: 3257: 1968: 1826: 1494: 1455: 1107: 1097: 607: 335: 6875: 5426: 4084:

A fragment of the wreckage of one of the aircraft, and the medals awarded to Doolittle, are on display at the

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Forgotten Hero: The Story of Jack Manch, 30 Seconds Over Tokyo and the Self-Sacrifice of An American Warrior

3034: 7360:

The First Heroes: The Extraordinary Story of the Doolittle Raid – America's First World War II Victory

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Jones, pilot of plane 5, flew missions in both the CBI and the Mediterranean, and was one of the four POWs.

4206:. The bombers participated in a commemorative re-enactment of the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo, taking off from 3846: 2878: 2460: 2285: 1989:. After bombing the military and industrial targets, the crews were to continue westward to land in China. 1975: 1858: 1658: 1607: 1337: 1047: 952: 903: 802: 208: 61: 6709: 3619:. However, the close timing between the Doolittle Raid and the eventual Battle of the Coral Sea prevented 1887: 7584: 5105: 4174: 3748: 3376: 3012:(37 km/h; 23 mph) toward their intended launch point in enemy-controlled waters east of Japan. 2270: 1841: 1819: 1762: 1202: 641: 435: 192: 2840:

The bombers' armament was reduced to increase range by decreasing weight. Each bomber launched with two

2114:, shortening the flight by 600 nautical miles (1,100 km) on the basis of turning over the B-25s as 2055: 7589: 7564: 6159: 4713:

mission. 2nd Lt. Richard E. Cole, Doolittle's co-pilot, volunteered to fly air transport missions over

4311: 3933: 3871: 3147:

Fifteen of the 16 aircraft then proceeded southwest off the southeastern coast of Japan and across the

2925: 1785: 1651: 1629: 1292: 1121: 1092: 976: 413: 5751: 4385:

The First Heroes: The Extraordinary Story of the Doolittle Raid – America's First World War II Victory

3723:

Letter of Gratitude to the Doolittle Raiders by the Government of the Republic of China and signed by

1882: 7477: 4757:

Frank Kappeler and Thomas Griffin also lived to age 96, but did not live as many months as Doolittle.

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by Roosevelt upon his return to the United States in June. When General Doolittle toured the growing

3070:, a 70-ton patrol craft, which radioed an attack warning to Japan. The boat was sunk by gunfire from 2289: 2010: 1668: 1634: 1192: 791: 731: 690: 586: 389: 379: 113: 6435: 4831: 4361:(1988), incorporating information from first-hand accounts of the Raiders and from Japanese sources. 4307: 4247: 3501: 2281: 2118:. Negotiations with the Soviet Union were fruitless for permission to land because it had signed a 1684: 1499: 1357: 1138: 998: 658: 315: 7485: 6378:. Vol. 15, no. 17 (actually No. 18). Fort Walton Beach, Florida. 26 May 1960. p. 2. 1963:, and provided an important boost to American morale. The raid was named after Lieutenant Colonel 1487: 7579: 6961: 5617: 4118: 4106:, Hawaii, also has a 1942 exhibit in which the centerpiece is a restored B-25 in the markings of 4085: 4056: 3836: 3588: 3365: 3246: 3211: 3179: 3167:

All 15 aircraft reached the Chinese coast after 13 hours of flight and crash-landed or the crews

2931: 2841: 1721: 1580: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1323: 1143: 822: 670: 653: 593: 557: 527: 106:

U.S. propaganda victory; U.S. and Allies' morale improved, Japanese industries and morale damaged

19:"Tokyo Raid" redirects here. For the later air raid sometimes known as Great Tokyo Air Raid, see 6904: 5695:. Washington Navy Yard, Washington, D.C.: Naval History and Heritage Command. p. foreword. 5125: 4899: 3449:

An injured pilot received the Distinguished Flying Cross at Walter Reed Hospital from Maj. Gen.

1602: 7569: 6511: 6388: 4430:, was a highly fictionalized account of the torture and execution of Doolittle Raid prisoners. 4243: 4133: 3986:, the last surviving Doolittle raider aircraft commander, died on 10 January 2011 at age 93 in 3866: 3719: 3708: 3494: 3113:. Although some B-25s encountered light antiaircraft fire and a few enemy fighters (made up of 2184: 2169: 2154: 1960: 1831: 1750: 1187: 898: 683: 613: 464: 4008:, at the age of 95 on 29 March 2015. Hite was the last living prisoner of the Doolittle Raid. 2253:

The 24 crews were selected and picked up the modified bombers in Minneapolis and flew them to

2142:

Lieutenant Colonel Doolittle wires a Japanese medal to a bomb, for "return" to its originators

6735:"Doolittle's Raiders: A Final Toast Documentary to Premiere at the Capitol in Washington, DC" 5883: 4745: 4480: 4473: 4264: 4260: 4230: 3350: 2979: 2943: 2937: 2885: 2672: 2243: 2068: 2064: 1907: 1342: 1102: 945: 723: 664: 599: 497: 6646:"Remarks by Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III at the Unveiling of the B-21 Bomber (A" 6064: 3341:

The other eight were captured: 1st Lt. Dean E. Hallmark, 1st Lt. William G. Farrow, 1st Lt.

1368: 7559: 7473: 6164: 5558: 4516:

by C. Hoyt Watson. At the end of both the video and the book, DeShazer after the war meets

4374: 4051:. The centerpiece is a like-new B-25, which is painted and marked as Doolittle's aircraft, 4005: 3953: 3907: 3647: 3602: 3414:

on 28 April while still in China, skipping the rank of colonel, and was presented with the

3122: 2997: 2991: 2955: 2641: 2254: 2096: 1956: 1863: 1287: 1275: 1163: 969: 816: 768: 750: 540: 521: 7377:

Oxford, Edward (March–April 1992). "Against All Odds: B-25 Bombers Strike Japan in 1942".

7057:

Operation Plum: The Ill-fated 27th Bombardment Group and the Fight For the Western Pacific

3128:

The Americans claimed to have shot down three Japanese fighters—one by the gunners of the

1978:

medium bombers, each with a crew of five, were launched from the US Navy aircraft carrier

8: 7349: 6822:

Coletta, Paolo (February 1993). "Launching the Doolittle Raid on Japan, April 18, 1942".

6203: 4619: 4514:

The Amazing Story of Sergeant Jacob De Shazer: The Doolittle Raider Who Turned Missionary

4464: 3887: 3801: 3609: 3439: 3330: 2961: 2488: 2104: 1917: 1797: 1440: 1158: 1032: 374: 5528: 5412: 4303: 3732: 2195:

maintenance hangar was the first modification center to become operational. From nearby

7330:

Four Came Home: The Gripping Story of the Survivors of Jimmy Doolittle's Two Lost Crews

7022: 6841: 4556: 4449: 4200: 4183: 3998: 3704: 3442:

in the Mediterranean, and the Eighth Air Force in England during the next three years.

3431: 3326:

the Japanese at the city's police headquarters. Two of the missing crewmen, bombardier

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their fellow Raiders who had died during the previous year. Specially engraved silver

2246:

that was dubbed the "Mark Twain". The materials for this bombsight cost only 20 cents.

7391: 7363: 7333: 7316: 7306: 7287: 7265: 7246: 7219: 7209: 7202: 7174: 7146: 7102: 7083: 7076: 7060: 7041: 7000: 6990: 6983: 6933: 6858: 6802: 6792: 6785: 6229: 5966: 5696: 4623: 4531: 4410: 4401: 4154: 4114: 4012: 3987: 3878: 3768: 3435: 3423: 2973: 2845: 2794: 2311: 2262: 2165: 2147: 2100: 2092: 2044: 1979: 1802: 1641: 1617: 1470: 1349: 1302: 1207: 1052: 1037: 981: 784: 776: 718: 708: 509: 477: 458: 367: 362: 65: 6460: 5793: 3890:, at the 66th anniversary reunion at the University of Texas at Dallas in April 2008 3792:

heard that an American force was near Japan but expected an attack on the next day.

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8 captured (4 lived to be rescued and 4 died in captivity: 3 executed, 1 by disease)

7526: 7279: 6833: 5154: 4426: 4148: 3805: 3797: 3740: 3660: 3553: 3536: 3304: 2239: 2158: 2006: 1998: 1612: 1590: 1243: 1071: 1057: 1027: 940: 920: 713: 618: 578: 552: 491: 483: 469: 423: 399: 7332:. New York; Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Pub. Co, Van Nostrad Reinhold. 6791:. Campaign. Vol. 156. Illustrated by Howard Gerrard. Botley, Oxford: Osprey. 6293: 4864: 4077:

The last B-25 to be retired from the U.S. Air Force inventory is displayed at the

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portrayed Lawson. Footage from the film was later used for the opening scenes of

4027: 4019: 3971: 3883: 3824: 3670: 3639: 3524: 3490: 3342: 3308: 3187: 2413: 2123: 1964: 1780: 1701: 1445: 1401: 1173: 1148: 1017: 534: 340: 187: 174: 57: 7508:

Official historian of the Doolittle raid, Carroll V. Glines talks about the raid

7502: 4004:

Lt. Col. Robert L. Hite, co-pilot of aircraft No. 16, died at a nursing home in

3397: 3293: 2024:

Because the Soviet Union was not officially at war with Japan, it was required,

1943:, was an air raid on 18 April 1942 by the United States on the Japanese capital 6947: 6871: 5672: 5612: 4548: 4517: 3929: 3852: 3724: 3666: 3486: 3450: 3445: 3415: 3327: 3315: 3148: 2745: 2597: 2591: 2514: 2229: 2138: 2084: 2080: 2040: 1986: 1716: 1711: 1231: 1085: 993: 516: 394: 229: 7388:

Enterprise: America's Fightingest Ship and the Men Who Helped win World War II

6806: 6686:'Pearl' – Hyped, yet promising / Movie to honor vets, nation's wartime spirit" 3759:

The Japanese Navy attempted to locate and pursue the American task force. The

2913:

s fighters were stowed below decks to allow the B-25s to use the flight deck.

2110:

Doolittle's first report on the plan suggested that the bombers might land in

2035:

Doolittle initially believed that the loss of his aircraft would lead to his

7548: 7223: 7033: 6951: 6245:"Robert Hite, 95, Survivor of Doolittle Raid and Japanese Imprisonment, Dies" 6130:"Family members, guests toast Doolittle Raiders at Air Force Armament Museum" 6044: 4583: 4561: 4505: 4440: 4348: 4071: 3994: 3921: 3576: 3407: 3369: 3354: 3346: 3086: 3049: 3036: 3020: 2874: 2867: 2565: 2196: 2083:, Assistant Chief of Staff for antisubmarine warfare. He reported to Admiral 2036: 2017:

All but one of the B-25s were destroyed in crashes, while the 16th landed at

1969:

one of six American carrier raids against Japan and Japanese-held territories

345: 142: 7347:

Glover, Charles E. (18 April 1992). "Jimmy Doolittle's One Moment in Time".

7242:

Peculiar Liaisons: In War, Espionage, and Terrorism in the Twentieth Century

7004: 6192:"Bill Bower, last surviving bomber pilot of WWII Doolittle Raid, dies at 93" 4483:, to stand in for a Japanese carrier, while the aircraft were launched from 4011:

S/Sgt. David J. Thatcher, gunner of aircraft No. 7, died on 22 June 2016 in

3800:

resolve to destroy the American carrier fleet, which was not present in the

1520: 7320: 7118:"The Untold Story of the Vengeful Japanese Attack After the Doolittle Raid" 7012: 6814: 6345:"Lt Col Dick Cole, last surviving Doolittle Raider, passes away at age 103" 5689:

The Battle of the Coral Sea / Naval History and Heritage Command, U.S. Navy

4544: 4469: 4409:, tangentially involved the raid, concentrating on the fictional submarine 4048: 3841: 3616: 3462: 2258: 2250:

Two bombers also had cameras mounted to record the results of the bombing.

2002: 1952: 1553: 1414: 1222: 1217: 1131: 282: 7520: 7231: 7405: 7197: 5478:"Return of the Raider: A Doolittle Raider's Story of War and Forgiveness" 4607: 4444: 4122: 4099: 3945: 3736: 3565: 3466: 3419: 3063: 3009: 2985: 2225: 2188: 2111: 2072: 2018: 1677: 1595: 1509: 908: 879: 43: 7461:

was created from a revision of this article dated 23 June 2016

5716: 5714: 5712: 4978: 3461:, and those who were killed or wounded during the raid were awarded the 6845: 6160:"Col. William Marsh 'Bill' Bower, February 13, 1917 – January 10, 2011" 4874:. The Doolittle Tokyo Raiders, 10 December 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2009. 4615: 4406: 3983: 3941: 3832: 3260: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3215: 3157: 2830: 2699: 2217:

Mounting of steel blast plates on the fuselage around the upper turret.

2211: 2115: 1944: 1585: 1575: 7097:

Prange, Gordon W.; Goldstein, Donald M.; Dillon, Katherine V. (1982).

6874:, eds. (1983) . "Chapter 12: Drawing the Battle Line in the Pacific". 5903: 5794:"USS Enterprise CV-6: The most decorated ship of the Second World War" 4610:. This was followed on 12 and 13 April by two days of attacks against 2359:

B-25 piloted by Capt. York after emergency landing in the Soviet Union

6218:"Edward Saylor dies at 94; Doolittle Raider who flew risky WWII raid" 5709: 4611: 4578: 4498: 4417: 4162:

A small exhibit about the Doolittle Raid exists (or used to?) at the

4144: 4030: 3804:, resulting in a decisive Japanese defeat several weeks later at the 3557: 3168: 2967: 2896: 2266: 2127: 1331: 7143:

Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor

6837: 4365:

Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor

3235: 7538: 6398:. Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor. Retrieved 14 November 2010. 5919: 5759: 4714: 4627: 4565: 4043:

The most extensive display of Doolittle Raid memorabilia is at the

3944:

Hall, the cadet social center, until 2006. On 19 April 2006, these

3772:

after all, they would've found themselves attacked by the carriers

3693: 3561: 3192: 3172: 3153: 3098: 3094: 2834: 2628: 2571: 2494: 2191:, Minnesota. With support provided by two senior airline managers, 1994: 5102: 3132:, piloted by 1st Lt. Harold Watson, and two by the gunners of the 2848:

in the nose. The aircraft were clustered closely and tied down on

6314:"Wreckage of World War II aircraft carrier USS Hornet discovered" 4603: 4433:

The Doolittle Raid was the subject of another 1944 feature film,

4081:

at Eglin AFB, also in the markings of Gen. Doolittle's aircraft.

3925: 3882:

WWII Army veteran George A. McCalpin (right) talking to Lt. Col.

3870:

Members of the Doolittle Raid at the 15th anniversary reunion at

3764: 3569: 3549: 3545: 3528: 3361: 2892: 2542: 2280:

On 25 March 1942, the remaining 22 B-25s took off from Eglin for

6862: 6274:"Lt. Col. Robert Hite, of 'Doolittle Tokyo Raiders,' dead at 95" 5477: 4776: 2235:

Installation of mock gun barrels (broomsticks) in the tail cone.

7533:

Unsettled History: America, China, and the Doolittle Tokyo Raid

6985:

The Doolittle Raid: America's Daring First Strike Against Japan

6533:"House votes to award medals to 'Monuments Men,' Jack Nicklaus" 4735:

The diaries are in the Hoover Institute of Stanford University.

4576:

The character of Harry Broderick in the 1979 television series

4359:

The Doolittle Raid: America's daring first strike against Japan

3911: 3219: 3102: 2444: 2419: 2207: 1948: 5726: 3627:

from being able to take part in the battle in early May 1942.

847: 7486:

Complete documentary about the Doolittle Raid, and interviews

6787:

The Doolittle Raid 1942: America's First Strike Back at Japan

6620:"Last surviving Doolittle Raider rises to name Northrop B-21" 5581: 5419: 4930: 4543:) presented a heavily fictionalized version of the raid with 4140: 3118: 3114: 3110: 1398: 7204:

The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II

6374:"B-25 Makes Last Flight During Ceremony at Eglin". Special. 6109:"Doolittle Raiders Offer Final Toast To 71-Year-Old Mission" 5593: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5054: 5052: 4125:

from the pilot seat of the B-25 Doolittle flew in the raid.

245:

16 B-25s lost (15 destroyed, 1 interned in the Soviet Union)

7078:

Dick Cole's War: Doolittle Raider, Hump Pilot, Air Commando

6303:. Doolittle Tokyo Raiders, 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2012. 4882: 4880: 4520:, the commander and lead pilot of the Pearl Harbor attack. 4128:

The interchange of Edmund Highway (South Carolina 302) and

4103: 3322:. The Japanese troops retaliated by burning down the city. 3204: 3106: 2601: 7059:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. 6564:"Doolittle Tokyo Raiders receive Congressional Gold Medal" 5823: 5776: 5774: 5120: 5118: 4163: 3191:

authorities. Several months later, they were relocated to

5859: 5458: 5329: 5230: 5076: 5064: 5049: 4568:

is seen being told to go to a shelter during this scene.

4158:

Doolittle Exhibit aboard USS Hornet Museum - August, 2015

5669:"The Tokyo War Crimes Trial:Field Marshal Shunroku Hata" 5382: 5242: 5191: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4877: 1955:. It was the first American air operation to strike the 6877:

Plans and Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942

5871: 5847: 5811: 5771: 5625: 5319: 5317: 5220: 5218: 5115: 4966: 4618:

in the Philippines. All of these were conducted by the

4340:

Many books have been written about the Doolittle Raid:

7411:

Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942

7040:. New York: Simon & Schuster (Pocket Star Books). 6663: 5455:

Bix, "Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan", p. 457

5302: 3353:, 2nd Lt. George Barr, Cpl. Harold A. Spatz, and Cpl. 7096: 6294:"Richard E. Cole, 0-421602, Colonel, Co-Pilot Crew 1" 5925: 5893: 5835: 5765: 5370: 5112:. Doolittle Tokyo Raiders. Retrieved 23 October 2010. 5002: 3519:

After the raid, the Japanese Imperial Army began the

3312: 3207:

was later confirmed by declassified Soviet archives.

3143:

One of the Doolittle raiders launching, 18 April 1942

2242:

with a makeshift aiming sight devised by pilot Capt.

7286:. San Rafael, California: Ishi Press International. 7162:

DeShazer: The Doolittle Raider Who Turned Missionary

5427:"Columban Bishop Who Aided Doolittle's Raiders Dies" 5358: 5346: 5314: 5278: 5266: 5254: 5215: 5203: 5037: 4990: 4954: 4942: 4717:, which he did until May 1943, earning a second DFC. 2164:

The 17th BG, then flying antisubmarine patrols from

6487:"The Sextant – 'In 1992, Doolittle Raid revisited'" 4918: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 3422:facility in July 1942 with commanding officer Col. 3392: 7525:is available for free viewing and download at the 7201: 7075: 7021: 6982: 6784: 6453: 5407:[Lt. Colonel Doolittle's Secret Mission]. 5290: 5025: 4865:"80 Brave Men: The Doolittle Tokyo Raiders Roster" 3858:, with Doolittle's wife Josephine as the sponsor. 3735:in Portuguese East Africa in June–July 1942. When 2079:The concept for the attack came from Navy Captain 7164:. Winona Lake, Indiana: The Light and Life Press. 6930:I Could Never Be So Lucky Again: An Autobiography 5149: 5147: 4892: 4809: 4169: 4136:is designated the Doolittle Raiders Interchange. 3182:. As the USSR was not at war with Japan, and the 2013:, killing 250,000 civilians and 70,000 soldiers. 7546: 7055:Martin, Adrian R.; Stephenson, Larry W. (2008). 7054: 6928:Doolittle, James H.; Glines, Carroll V. (1991). 6521:. United States Congress. Retrieved 20 May 2014. 4984: 4788: 3970:reunions. The 2019 reunion was held at Lt. Col. 2220:Removal of the liaison radio set to save weight. 6927: 6236: 6055:USAFA Class of 1973. Retrieved 27 January 2015. 5732: 5720: 5644:Chevrier & Chomiczewski & Garrigue 2004 5587: 5433:. Wichita, Kansas. 5 November 1970. p. 2. 4936: 4832:"Aftermath: How the Doolittle Raid Shook Japan" 4782: 4254: 6233:, 2 February 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2015. 5551: 5490: 5144: 4251:the award on behalf of the Doolittle Raiders. 4045:National Museum of the United States Air Force 3950:National Museum of the United States Air Force 3311:, but their fate was only known in April 1943. 3288: 6905:"General Doolittle's Report on Japanese Raid" 6612: 6207:, 15 January 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2011. 2376:In order of launching, the 16 aircraft were: 1550: 1536: 1384: 863: 298: 273:One nearly converted aircraft carrier damaged 6953:Volume II – Royal Australian Navy, 1942–1945 6121: 6045:"A Gut Check of Sorts: The Doolittle Brandy" 4038: 3646:airstrikes (as had happened previously). If 3508: 3473:Twenty-eight of the crewmen remained in the 312: 7541:– web site about the PBS documentary above. 6710:"Bringing 'Pearl Harbor' To Corpus Christi" 5400: 4826: 4824: 4225: 3560:pathogens. The Japanese biological warfare 3379:. Spatz was buried with military honors at 7264:. Staunton, Virginia: Clarion Publishing. 7259: 6869: 5865: 5401:Roshchupkin, Vladimir (12 December 2005). 5340: 5087: 5070: 5058: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4853: 3630: 3582: 3314:Some of the men who crashed were aided by 2899:in the mid-Pacific Ocean north of Hawaii. 1967:, who planned and led the attack. It was 1543: 1529: 1391: 1377: 870: 856: 305: 291: 7555:Airstrikes conducted by the United States 7503:Children of the Doolittle Raiders website 7073: 6902: 5909: 5611: 5599: 5019: 3886:(seated) about McCalpin's cousin, raider 3381:National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific 3276:Learn how and when to remove this message 2873:. A few days later, the carrier met with 2296: 2168:, was immediately moved cross-country to 2059:Doolittle Raid targets and landing fields 232:Hien fighters and anti-aircraft artillery 7469:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 7452: 7168: 6561: 6505: 6407: 6342: 5745:"War in the Pacific: View from Japan". 5631: 5526: 5098: 5096: 4821: 4586:), was a fictional veteran of the raid. 4508:of B-25 No. 16 (the last to launch from 4229: 4173: 4153: 4047:(on Wright-Patterson Air Force Base) in 3977: 3877: 3865: 3818:General James H. Doolittle, 9 July 1942. 3718: 3681: 3444: 3396: 3292: 3138: 3014: 2809: 2137: 2054: 1495:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936) 1436:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895) 7575:World War II strategic bombing of Japan 7385: 6852: 6821: 6622:. flightglobal.com. 20 September 2016. 6267: 6242: 6210: 6020:"One year later, Tokyo raid story told" 5987:"One year later, Tokyo raid story told" 5829: 5520: 5404:Секретная миссия подполковника Дулиттла 5248: 4850: 165: 147: 7547: 7376: 7357: 7346: 7327: 7300: 7278: 7159: 7032: 6980: 6669: 6591: 6530: 6436:"Airman's daughter thankful to museum" 6152: 6127: 6089:"Doolittle Raiders hold final reunion" 5913: 5889: 5877: 5853: 5841: 5464: 5388: 5376: 5364: 5352: 5323: 5308: 5284: 5272: 5260: 5236: 5224: 5209: 5197: 5161:from the original on 23 September 2016 5132:from the original on 16 September 2016 5043: 4996: 4972: 4960: 4948: 4924: 4886: 4554:The raid is depicted in the 2019 film 4416:. The submarine's mission is to enter 4240:United States House of Representatives 4026:was found in late January 2019 by the 2855:s flight deck in the order of launch. 1985:, in the Pacific Ocean. There were no 7238: 7196: 7140: 7115: 6915:from the original on 27 February 2021 6741:from the original on 27 December 2015 6626:from the original on 18 February 2018 6467:from the original on 11 December 2016 5945:. Prologue Magazine. 15 August 2016. 5780: 5569:from the original on 22 February 2014 5508:from the original on 21 December 2020 5093: 4803: 4399:A highly fictionalized film in 1943, 4271: 3835:", the fictional faraway land of the 3700:Compared with the future devastating 3485:; one was killed in action, and one, 3027:, chats with Lt. Col. James Doolittle 2916:The combined force was two carriers ( 1971:conducted in the first half of 1942. 1524: 1372: 851: 286: 7499:. Naval History and Heritage Command 7404: 7019: 6946: 6782: 6737:. WWII Foundation. 6 November 2015. 6600:from the original on 18 January 2017 6570:from the original on 10 October 2020 6324:from the original on 26 October 2019 6255:from the original on 5 November 2020 6172:from the original on 10 October 2018 6065:" 'Doolittle Goblets' Find New Home" 5897: 5817: 5296: 5031: 4815: 4622:, which staged 10 Mitchells through 4564:portraying Jimmy Doolittle. Emperor 4421:the encounter with the picket ship. 4275: 4096:Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor 3763:, its main striking force, was near 3615:against Japanese forces involved in 3535:", evoking memories of the infamous 3493:at Sagan, where he played a part in 3489:, was shot down and became a POW in 3258:adding citations to reliable sources 3229: 2288:. A total of 16 B-25s were flown to 2089:Naval Station Norfolk Chambers Field 213:80 airmen (52 officers, 28 enlisted) 112:250,000 Chinese civilians killed in 16:US bombing of Japan on April 18 1942 7305:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 6968:from the original on 9 October 2020 6903:Doolittle, James H. (9 July 1942). 6890:from the original on 8 October 2020 6408:Thatcher, Jeff (11 November 2018). 5997:from the original on 31 August 2020 5926:Prange, Goldstein & Dillon 1982 5894:Prange, Goldstein & Dillon 1982 5766:Prange, Goldstein & Dillon 1982 5685: 5527:Shepherd, Joel (15 February 2014). 5437:from the original on 8 October 2020 5126:"March 1942 USAAF Accident Reports" 5103:"Memorial site of Richard O. Joyce" 4246:, to award the Doolittle Raiders a 3593:Admiral Nimitz attempted to commit 13: 7491:Official Doolittle Raiders website 7439: 7189: 7173:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. 7128:from the original on 22 March 2021 7036:(2002) . Considine, Robert (ed.). 6592:Martin, Mike (19 September 2020). 6433: 6355:from the original on 10 April 2019 6184: 6118:. NPR. Retrieved 21 November 2013. 5539:from the original on 17 April 2014 4906:from the original on 24 March 2022 4838:from the original on 19 April 2018 4524:Doolittle's Raiders: A Final Toast 4306:by removing the content or adding 3195:(Ashkhabad), in what was then the 3062:), it was sighted by the Japanese 2842:.50-caliber (12.7 mm) machine guns 1993:home islands, but the bombing and 14: 7601: 7535:– PBS documentary video (57 min.) 7420: 6958:Australia in the War of 1939–1945 6562:Ingalsbe, Torri (16 April 2015). 6493:from the original on 29 July 2020 6343:Stephens, Andrew (9 April 2019). 6140:from the original on 30 July 2020 6098:. Military.com, 15 February 2014. 5621:. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 5498:"Japs execute 3 Doolittle Flyers" 4396:The raid inspired several films. 3426:, the local paper of record (the 3197:Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic 2846:.30-caliber (7.62 mm) machine gun 263:400 injured (including civilians) 7451: 7390:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 7082:. University of Missouri Press. 6753: 6727: 6702: 6675: 6638: 6585: 6555: 6543:from the original on 20 May 2014 6531:Marcos, Cristina (19 May 2014). 6524: 6479: 6463:. US Navy Legacy. 15 June 2009. 6434:Ma, Zhenhuan (26 October 2018). 6427: 6401: 6382: 6367: 6336: 6128:Parker, Kaylin (18 April 2019). 5529:"1942 – Doolittle Raid Aircrews" 5504:. 27 September 1945. p. 4. 4748:and could possibly attack Japan. 4280: 3902: 3888:Sgt. William 'Billy Jack' Dieter 3861: 3457:All 80 Raiders were awarded the 3393:Service of the returning crewmen 3234: 3121:, the latter being mistaken for 2829:at Naval Air Station Alameda in 2364: 2352: 2337: 2322: 2310:A B-25 Mitchell taking off from 2303: 2293:made part of the mission force. 2203:Removal of the lower gun turret. 1476:German Pacific possesions (1914) 167: 149: 135: 51: 21:Bombing of Tokyo (10 March 1945) 7245:. New York: Algora Publishing. 7171:Nanking: Anatomy of an Atrocity 7028:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 6857:. London: Hutchinson & Co. 6410:"China, the second time around" 6306: 6286: 6101: 6081: 6058: 6037: 6013: 5979: 5949:from the original on 3 May 2020 5931: 5786: 5738: 5679: 5661: 5649: 5637: 5605: 5470: 5449: 5394: 5173: 4751: 4738: 4729: 4720: 4706: 4697: 4687: 4678: 4665: 4655: 4646: 4633: 4596: 4178:The restored World War II B-25 3938:United States Air Force Academy 3245:needs additional citations for 3184:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 2772:ditched at sea Changshu, China 1451:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905) 877: 109:Total loss of U.S. strike force 7522:Newsreel of the Doolittle Raid 7141:——— (2016). 6243:Roberts, Sam (30 March 2015). 5181:"National Historic Place form" 4170:Doolittle Raiders re-enactment 3483:European Theater of Operations 2269:flight instructor from nearby 2133: 2043:and was promoted two ranks to 330:1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes) 1: 7160:Watson, Charles Hoyt (1950). 7074:Okerstrom, Dennis K. (2015). 6960:. Series 2 – Navy. Canberra: 6825:The Pacific Historical Review 6594:"The B-21 has a name: Raider" 5971:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4764: 4571: 4089:National Air and Space Museum 3564:brought almost 300 pounds of 3336:Golden Gate National Cemetery 3019:Orders in hand, Navy Captain 2174:West Columbia, South Carolina 2050: 1741:Mediterranean and Middle East 64:prior to taking off from the 7379:American History Illustrated 7328:Glines, Carroll V. (1995) . 7301:Glines, Carroll V. (1981) . 7260:Culbertson, Charles (2013). 6783:Chun, Clayton K. S. (2006). 6134:Northwest Florida Daily News 5476:DeShazer Dixon, Carol Aiko. 5411:(in Russian). Archived from 4985:Martin & Stephenson 2008 4769: 4255:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider 4110:used on the Doolittle Raid. 3225: 2776: 2754: 2732: 2708: 2681: 2656: 2635: 2607: 2578: 2549: 2523: 2501: 2475: 2451: 2426: 2401: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2286:Willows-Glenn County Airport 1722:Manchuria and Northern Korea 1324:Manchuria and Northern Korea 209:B-25 Mitchell medium bombers 7: 7169:Yamamoto, Masahiro (2000). 6981:Glines, Carroll V. (1988). 5733:Doolittle & Glines 1991 5721:Doolittle & Glines 1991 5588:Doolittle & Glines 1991 5559:"The Doolittle Raid (CV-8)" 5445:– via newspapers.com. 5155:"1940 USAAC Serial Numbers" 5128:. aviationarchaeology.com. 4937:Doolittle & Glines 1991 4783:Doolittle & Glines 1991 4182:takes off from the deck of 3788:). Nagumo and his staff on 3749:British Ambassador to Japan 3377:Arlington National Cemetery 3368:and a military hospital in 3289:Fate of the missing crewmen 3171:. One crewman, 20-year-old 2750:crashed SE Shangrao, China 2271:Naval Air Station Pensacola 1122:Dutch East Indies (1941–42) 1079:Strategic bombing (1944–45) 758:North Burma and West Yunnan 193:Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni 114:follow-up Japanese campaign 10: 7606: 6932:. New York: Bantam Books. 6775: 6650:U.S. Department of Defense 6283:. Fox News, 30 March 2015. 6078:. Retrieved 24 April 2010. 6076:Department of Defense News 5808:. Retrieved 19 April 2010. 5755:] (in Japanese). 1994. 5487:. jacobdeshazer.com, 2010. 3934:Fort Walton Beach, Florida 3872:Fort Walton Beach, Florida 3586: 3512: 3459:Distinguished Flying Cross 2805: 2728:crashed N Nanchang, China 2371:Nose art of "Hari Kari-er" 2329:B-25 Mitchells aboard USS 2120:neutrality pact with Japan 1400:Military campaigns of the 1271:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands 18: 7414:. New York: W. W. Norton. 7386:Tillman, Barrett (2012). 7362:. London: Penguin Press. 7303:Doolittle's Tokyo Raiders 7145:. New York: W.W. Norton. 7101:. New York: McGraw-Hill. 7038:Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo 6989:. New York: Orion Books. 6414:Arkansas Democrat Gazette 6114:24 September 2017 at the 6087:Nelson-Gabriel, Melissa. 6026:24 September 2017 at the 5800:20 September 2010 at the 4512:). The video is based on 4453:and in the TV miniseries 4436:Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo 4355:Doolittle's Tokyo Raiders 4345:Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo 4302:Please help Knowledge to 4079:Air Force Armament Museum 4039:Doolittle Raiders exhibit 3901: 3896: 3702:Boeing B-29 Superfortress 3677: 3657:Aleutian Islands campaign 3521:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 3515:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 3509:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 3475:China Burma India theater 2996:), and two fleet oilers ( 2924:), three heavy cruisers ( 2844:in an upper turret and a 2704:crashed NE Quzhou, China 2677:crashed NE Quzhou, China 2652:crashed NE Quzhou, China 2519:crashed SW Quzhou, China 2471:crashed SE Quzhou, China 2290:Naval Air Station Alameda 2039:—instead he received the 2011:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 1974:Under the final plan, 16 1561: 1441:Liaodong Peninsula (1895) 1411: 887: 380:Pacification of Manchukuo 326: 236: 198: 181: 125: 95:and other Japanese cities 75: 50: 37: 32: 7208:. New York: BasicBooks. 7116:Scott, James M. (2015). 6855:Behind the Japanese Mask 6853:Craigie, Robert (1945). 6223:10 February 2015 at the 6051:22 February 2014 at the 5746: 5403: 5108:30 November 2017 at the 4987:, pp. 174, 182–183. 4589: 4551:played Jimmy Doolittle. 4391: 4387:, by Craig Nelson (2003) 4335: 4248:Congressional Gold Medal 4226:Congressional Gold Medal 4166:in Alameda, California. 3948:were transferred to the 3502:Barksdale Army Air Field 2799:crashed S Ningbo, China 2725:1st Lt. Edgar E. McElroy 2649:1st Lt. Richard O. Joyce 2624:1st Lt. Harold F. Watson 2538:1st Lt. Dean E. Hallmark 2261:, a more secluded site. 2259:Eglin Auxiliary Field #1 2193:Wold-Chamberlain Field's 1727:pre-war border conflicts 1510:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945) 1358:Second Sino-Japanese War 1198:Estevan Point Lighthouse 953:Indian Ocean (1941–1945) 904:Marshalls–Gilberts raids 317:Second Sino-Japanese War 7239:Craig, John S. (2004). 7020:Grew, Joseph C (1944). 6962:Australian War Memorial 6716:12 October 2014 at the 6394:3 November 2010 at the 6197:10 January 2019 at the 5656:Croddy & Wirtz 2005 4259:In September 2016, the 4119:Commemorative Air Force 4057:North American Aviation 3850:-class aircraft carrier 3631:Additional perspectives 3589:Battle of the Coral Sea 3583:Battle of the Coral Sea 3366:Letterman Army Hospital 2769:1st Lt. Donald G. Smith 2344:Aft flight deck of USS 2232:, or 2,445 to 4,319 L). 2187:modification center in 2122:in April 1941. China's 2026:under international law 1505:French Indochina (1940) 960:Japanese merchant raids 7447: 7427:Listen to this article 7358:Nelson, Craig (2002). 6870:Craven, Wesley Frank; 6761:"In Harm's Way (2017)" 6299:9 October 2012 at the 5866:Craven & Cate 1983 5723:, pp. 7, 10, 267. 5341:Craven & Cate 1983 5088:Craven & Cate 1983 5071:Craven & Cate 1983 5059:Craven & Cate 1983 4235: 4199:, were hoisted aboard 4188: 4159: 4134:Columbia Army Air Base 4121:has in its museum the 3891: 3875: 3821: 3728: 3697: 3454: 3402: 3299: 3144: 3028: 2942:), one light cruiser ( 2822: 2468:1st Lt. Robert M. Gray 2297:Participating aircraft 2185:Mid-Continent Airlines 2170:Columbia Army Air Base 2155:17th Bombardment Group 2143: 2060: 1961:attack on Pearl Harbor 1259:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1103:Burma and India (1944) 926:Gilberts and Marshalls 811:West Henan–North Hubei 182:Commanders and leaders 7513:10 March 2016 at the 7446: 7284:Guests of the Kremlin 6512:"H.R. 1209 – Summary" 6461:"USS Ranger (CVA-61)" 6376:Playground Daily News 6279:31 March 2015 at the 6070:14 April 2007 at the 5415:on 20 September 2017. 4746:Western Pacific Ocean 4481:Corpus Christi, Texas 4443:played Doolittle and 4265:Air Force Association 4261:Northrop Grumman B-21 4233: 4177: 4157: 3978:Last surviving airmen 3974:'s memorial service. 3881: 3869: 3810: 3767:, returning from the 3722: 3705:attacks against Japan 3691: 3487:David M. "Davy" Jones 3479:Mediterranean theater 3448: 3438:in North Africa, the 3428:Okaloosa News-Journal 3400: 3387:Total crew casualties 3296: 3142: 3018: 2948:), eight destroyers ( 2813: 2686:Fickle Finger of Fate 2440:1st Lt. Travis Hoover 2141: 2069:Joint Chiefs of Staff 2065:Franklin D. Roosevelt 2058: 2021:in the Soviet Union. 1652:Yugoslavian Partisans 1169:Philippines (1944–45) 1127:Philippines (1941–42) 237:Casualties and losses 7478:More spoken articles 7122:Smithsonian Magazine 6691:3 April 2015 at the 6351:. United Air Force. 6320:. 12 February 2019. 6165:Boulder Daily Camera 5686:Cox, Samuel (2017). 5483:22 June 2012 at the 5431:The Catholic Advance 4900:"James H. Doolittle" 4304:improve this section 4238:On 19 May 2014, the 4015:, at the age of 94. 4006:Nashville, Tennessee 4001:, at the age of 94. 3954:Wright-Patterson AFB 3648:Claire Lee Chennault 3254:improve this article 3201:Allied-occupied Iran 2097:Martin B-26 Marauder 2071:in a meeting at the 2030:Allied-occupied Iran 1957:Japanese archipelago 1947:and other places on 970:Homfreyganj massacre 7539:UnsettledHistory.tv 7350:The Palm Beach Post 6517:21 May 2014 at the 6204:The Washington Post 6168:. 12 January 2011. 6094:8 July 2013 at the 5916:, pp. 215–216. 5832:, pp. 146–147. 5820:, pp. 526–527. 5602:, pp. 140–141. 5533:USS Enterprise CV-6 5467:, pp. 202–204. 5409:Media portal Keeper 5239:, pp. 58, 208. 5185:tedtalkshistory.com 4902:. 9 November 2009. 4889:, pp. 166–168. 4870:20 May 2011 at the 4456:War and Remembrance 4347:(1943), by Captain 4316:independent sources 4132:nearest the former 4091:in Washington, DC. 3802:Pearl Harbor Attack 3556:infected fleas and 3440:Fifteenth Air Force 3046: / 2489:Everett W. Holstrom 2265:Henry L. Miller, a 2238:Replacement of the 2105:Douglas B-23 Dragon 2001:'s plans to attack 1481:Siberia (1918–1922) 738:Sichuan (cancelled) 269:5 patrol boats sunk 216:2 aircraft carriers 7585:World War II raids 7448: 7024:Ten Years in Japan 6708:Heines, Vivienne. 6699:, 7 December 2000. 6681:Gutthman, Edward. 6596:. U.S. Air Force. 6566:. U.S. Air Force. 6249:The New York Times 5896:, pp. 22–26; 5502:Lodi News-Sentinel 5391:, pp. 81, 91. 5200:, pp. 47, 51. 5157:. joebaugher.com. 4785:, pp. 3, 541. 4537:The Hidden Soldier 4490:, standing in for 4272:In popular culture 4236: 4189: 4160: 3999:Sumner, Washington 3892: 3876: 3729: 3698: 3455: 3432:Crestview, Florida 3403: 3320:Bishop of Nancheng 3300: 3145: 3097:, and one each in 3029: 2891:and her escort of 2882:William Halsey Jr. 2823: 2414:James H. Doolittle 2178:III Bomber Command 2144: 2061: 2032:and North Africa. 1854:French West Africa 1695:South West Pacific 1603:Denmark and Norway 1317:Japanese surrender 1283:Naval bombardments 1213:Fire balloon bombs 936:Volcano and Ryukyu 931:Marianas and Palau 528:Yellow River flood 442:Railway Operation 266:5 sailors captured 228:Unknown number of 188:James H. Doolittle 93:Greater Tokyo Area 40:Air raids on Japan 7590:April 1942 events 7565:Conflicts in 1942 7444: 7280:Emmens, Robert G. 7099:Miracle at Midway 6230:Los Angeles Times 6216:Chawkins, Steve. 6190:Rees Shapiro, T. 5993:. 20 April 1943. 5943:National Archives 5880:, pp. 60–62. 5856:, pp. 75–76. 5702:978-1-943604-06-7 5675:on 20 March 2013. 5563:USS Hornet Museum 5251:, pp. 73–86. 4975:, pp. 19–20. 4624:Darwin, Australia 4532:The Chinese Widow 4402:Destination Tokyo 4371:Raid of No Return 4333: 4332: 4164:USS Hornet Museum 4117:, chapter of the 4115:San Marcos, Texas 4108:The Ruptured Duck 4013:Missoula, Montana 3988:Boulder, Colorado 3917: 3916: 3769:Indian Ocean Raid 3689: 3451:Millard F. Harmon 3436:Twelfth Air Force 3424:Grandison Gardner 3412:brigadier general 3331:William J. Dieter 3286: 3285: 3278: 3023:, skipper of USS 2803: 2802: 2795:William G. Farrow 2554:The Ruptured Duck 2382:AAF serial number 2166:Pendleton, Oregon 2101:Douglas B-18 Bolo 2045:brigadier general 1939:, as well as the 1926: 1925: 1847:Strategic bombing 1763:Mediterranean Sea 1518: 1517: 1446:China (1899–1901) 1366: 1365: 1208:Lookout Air Raids 1115:Southwest Pacific 845: 844: 704:Yunnan-Burma Road 642:Hundred Regiments 414:Marco Polo Bridge 281: 280: 121: 120: 7597: 7527:Internet Archive 7468: 7466: 7455: 7454: 7445: 7435: 7433: 7428: 7415: 7401: 7382: 7373: 7354: 7343: 7324: 7297: 7275: 7256: 7235: 7207: 7184: 7165: 7156: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7112: 7093: 7081: 7070: 7051: 7029: 7027: 7016: 6988: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6948:Gill, G. Hermon. 6943: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6889: 6882: 6866: 6849: 6818: 6790: 6769: 6768: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6731: 6725: 6724:, 1 August 2000. 6706: 6700: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6642: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6577: 6575: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6528: 6522: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6431: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6405: 6399: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6310: 6304: 6290: 6284: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6240: 6234: 6214: 6208: 6188: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6125: 6119: 6105: 6099: 6085: 6079: 6062: 6056: 6043:Rightmyer, Don. 6041: 6035: 6034:, 20 April 1943. 6017: 6011: 6010: 6004: 6002: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5970: 5962: 5956: 5954: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5907: 5901: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5833: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5809: 5792:Shepherd, Joel. 5790: 5784: 5778: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5707: 5706: 5694: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5671:. Archived from 5665: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5618:The Great Escape 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5494: 5488: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5453: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5327: 5321: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5151: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5122: 5113: 5100: 5091: 5085: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4875: 4861: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4834:. 27 July 2015. 4828: 4819: 4813: 4807: 4801: 4786: 4780: 4758: 4755: 4749: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4727: 4724: 4718: 4710: 4704: 4701: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4676: 4669: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4644: 4637: 4631: 4600: 4427:The Purple Heart 4328: 4325: 4319: 4284: 4283: 4276: 4220:Pacific Princess 4212: 4149:Quzhou, Zhejiang 4065: 3906: 3905: 3894: 3893: 3819: 3806:Battle of Midway 3741:Aleutian Islands 3733:Lourenço Marques 3690: 3661:Battle of Midway 3534: 3495:The Great Escape 3305:killed in action 3281: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3261: 3238: 3230: 3130:Whirling Dervish 3085:skipper Captain 3061: 3060: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3042: 3039: 2912: 2905: 2854: 2700:William M. Bower 2673:C. Ross Greening 2612:Whirling Dervish 2528:The Green Hornet 2379: 2378: 2368: 2356: 2341: 2326: 2307: 2244:C. Ross Greening 2240:Norden bombsight 2230:imperial gallons 2206:Installation of 2159:Eighth Air Force 2007:Battle of Midway 1999:Isoroku Yamamoto 1937:Doolittle's Raid 1935:, also known as 1913:French Indochina 1556: 1545: 1538: 1531: 1522: 1521: 1406: 1404: 1393: 1386: 1379: 1370: 1369: 1338:Manchuria (1945) 1193:Aleutian Islands 1043:Indochina (1945) 1013:Indochina (1940) 999:2nd Indian Ocean 982:1st Indian Ocean 977:Christmas Island 882: 872: 865: 858: 849: 848: 732:Zhejiang–Jiangxi 608:Winter Offensive 505:North-East Henan 436:Sihang Warehouse 321: 320: 318: 307: 300: 293: 284: 283: 177: 173: 171: 170: 159: 155: 153: 152: 141: 139: 138: 77: 76: 55: 30: 29: 7605: 7604: 7600: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7545: 7544: 7519:The short film 7515:Wayback Machine 7482: 7481: 7470: 7464: 7462: 7459:This audio file 7456: 7449: 7440: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7426: 7423: 7418: 7398: 7370: 7340: 7313: 7294: 7272: 7253: 7216: 7192: 7190:Further reading 7187: 7181: 7153: 7131: 7129: 7109: 7090: 7067: 7048: 6997: 6971: 6969: 6940: 6918: 6916: 6893: 6891: 6887: 6880: 6872:Cate, James Lea 6838:10.2307/3640523 6799: 6778: 6773: 6772: 6759: 6758: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6718:Wayback Machine 6707: 6703: 6693:Wayback Machine 6683: 6680: 6676: 6668: 6664: 6654: 6652: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6629: 6627: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6601: 6590: 6586: 6573: 6571: 6560: 6556: 6546: 6544: 6529: 6525: 6519:Wayback Machine 6510: 6506: 6496: 6494: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6470: 6468: 6459: 6458: 6454: 6444: 6442: 6432: 6428: 6418: 6416: 6406: 6402: 6396:Wayback Machine 6389:"B-25 Mitchell" 6387: 6383: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6341: 6337: 6327: 6325: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6301:Wayback Machine 6291: 6287: 6281:Wayback Machine 6272: 6268: 6258: 6256: 6241: 6237: 6225:Wayback Machine 6215: 6211: 6199:Wayback Machine 6189: 6185: 6175: 6173: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6143: 6141: 6126: 6122: 6116:Wayback Machine 6107:Kenney, Jerry. 6106: 6102: 6096:Wayback Machine 6086: 6082: 6072:Wayback Machine 6063: 6059: 6053:Wayback Machine 6042: 6038: 6028:Wayback Machine 6018: 6014: 6000: 5998: 5985: 5984: 5980: 5964: 5963: 5952: 5950: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5924: 5920: 5908: 5904: 5892:, p. 218; 5888: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5852: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5828: 5824: 5816: 5812: 5802:Wayback Machine 5791: 5787: 5779: 5772: 5764: 5760: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5731: 5727: 5719: 5710: 5703: 5692: 5684: 5680: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5654: 5650: 5642: 5638: 5630: 5626: 5613:Brickhill, Paul 5610: 5606: 5598: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5485:Wayback Machine 5475: 5471: 5463: 5459: 5454: 5450: 5440: 5438: 5425: 5424: 5420: 5405: 5399: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5375: 5371: 5363: 5359: 5351: 5347: 5339: 5330: 5322: 5315: 5311:, p. 7013. 5307: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5271: 5267: 5259: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5235: 5231: 5223: 5216: 5208: 5204: 5196: 5192: 5187:. 4 April 2024. 5179: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5153: 5152: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5124: 5123: 5116: 5110:Wayback Machine 5101: 5094: 5086: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5050: 5042: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5018: 5003: 4995: 4991: 4983: 4979: 4971: 4967: 4959: 4955: 4947: 4943: 4939:, pp. 1–2. 4935: 4931: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4885: 4878: 4872:Wayback Machine 4862: 4851: 4841: 4839: 4830: 4829: 4822: 4814: 4810: 4802: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4752: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4721: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4638: 4634: 4601: 4597: 4592: 4574: 4394: 4379:Hazardous Tales 4338: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4301: 4297:popular culture 4285: 4281: 4274: 4257: 4228: 4216:Executive Sweet 4210: 4172: 4063: 4041: 4028:research vessel 4020:Richard E. Cole 3980: 3972:Richard E. Cole 3903: 3897:External videos 3884:Richard E. Cole 3864: 3825:George Marshall 3820: 3817: 3747:, the interned 3682: 3680: 3671:Shigeyoshi Miwa 3640:Shuttle bombing 3633: 3591: 3585: 3537:Rape of Nanjing 3532: 3517: 3511: 3491:Stalag Luft III 3395: 3343:Robert J. Meder 3291: 3282: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3251: 3239: 3228: 3188:Soviet Far East 3054: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3032: 2910: 2903: 2877:, commanded by 2852: 2808: 2781:Bat Out of Hell 2570:ditched at sea 2541:ditched at sea 2372: 2369: 2360: 2357: 2348: 2342: 2333: 2327: 2318: 2308: 2299: 2282:McClellan Field 2136: 2124:Chiang Kai-shek 2053: 1987:fighter escorts 1965:James Doolittle 1929: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1809:Other campaigns 1803:Southern France 1712:Burma and India 1707:South-East Asia 1702:Franco-Thai War 1557: 1551: 1549: 1519: 1514: 1500:China (1937–45) 1471:Tsingtao (1914) 1458: 1407: 1403:Empire of Japan 1402: 1399: 1397: 1367: 1362: 1354: 1266:Mariana Islands 1139:Solomon Islands 1108:Burma (1944–45) 1098:Burma (1942–43) 1093:Burma (1941–42) 1086:Burma and India 1018:Franco-Thai War 965:Andaman Islands 892:Central Pacific 883: 878: 876: 846: 841: 634:Zaoyang–Yichang 573:Suixian–Zaoyang 419:Beiping–Tianjin 358:Nenjiang Bridge 322: 316: 314: 313: 311: 277: 254: 225: 168: 166: 162: 150: 148: 136: 134: 96: 58:Jimmy Doolittle 56: 46:of World War II 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7603: 7593: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7580:Doolittle Raid 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7543: 7542: 7536: 7530: 7517: 7505: 7500: 7497:Doolittle Raid 7494: 7488: 7471: 7457: 7450: 7438: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7421:External links 7419: 7417: 7416: 7402: 7397:978-1439190876 7396: 7383: 7374: 7369:978-0142003411 7368: 7355: 7344: 7339:978-1575100074 7338: 7325: 7312:978-0442219253 7311: 7298: 7293:978-0923891817 7292: 7276: 7271:978-1493501847 7270: 7257: 7252:978-0875863313 7251: 7236: 7214: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7180:978-0275969042 7179: 7166: 7157: 7152:978-0393089622 7151: 7138: 7113: 7107: 7094: 7089:978-0826220660 7088: 7071: 7066:978-1603440196 7065: 7052: 7047:978-0743474337 7046: 7034:Lawson, Ted W. 7030: 7017: 6995: 6978: 6944: 6938: 6925: 6900: 6867: 6850: 6819: 6798:978-1841769189 6797: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6752: 6726: 6701: 6674: 6672:, p. 226. 6662: 6637: 6611: 6584: 6554: 6523: 6504: 6478: 6452: 6426: 6400: 6381: 6366: 6335: 6305: 6285: 6266: 6235: 6209: 6183: 6162:. Obituaries. 6151: 6120: 6100: 6080: 6057: 6036: 6012: 5978: 5930: 5918: 5910:Doolittle 1942 5902: 5882: 5870: 5868:, p. 441. 5858: 5846: 5844:, p. 219. 5834: 5822: 5810: 5785: 5770: 5758: 5737: 5735:, p. 281. 5725: 5708: 5701: 5678: 5660: 5648: 5636: 5634:, p. 166. 5624: 5604: 5600:Okerstrom 2015 5592: 5580: 5550: 5519: 5489: 5469: 5457: 5448: 5418: 5393: 5381: 5379:, p. 158. 5369: 5357: 5345: 5343:, p. 442. 5328: 5313: 5301: 5289: 5277: 5265: 5253: 5241: 5229: 5214: 5202: 5190: 5172: 5143: 5114: 5092: 5090:, p. 440. 5075: 5073:, p. 614. 5063: 5061:, p. 439. 5048: 5036: 5024: 5020:Doolittle 1942 5001: 4989: 4977: 4965: 4953: 4941: 4929: 4917: 4891: 4876: 4849: 4820: 4808: 4787: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4750: 4737: 4728: 4719: 4705: 4696: 4686: 4677: 4664: 4654: 4645: 4632: 4620:3rd Bomb Group 4594: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4573: 4570: 4549:Vincent Riotta 4529:The 2018 film 4518:Mitsuo Fuchida 4462:The 2001 film 4393: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4382: 4368: 4362: 4352: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4295:references to 4288: 4286: 4279: 4273: 4270: 4256: 4253: 4244:H.R. 1209 4227: 4224: 4171: 4168: 4055:, (rebuilt by 4040: 4037: 3979: 3976: 3940:on display in 3915: 3914: 3899: 3898: 3863: 3860: 3815: 3745:Robert Craigie 3725:Soong Mei-ling 3696:about the raid 3679: 3676: 3667:Mitsuo Fuchida 3632: 3629: 3587:Main article: 3584: 3581: 3513:Main article: 3510: 3507: 3416:Medal of Honor 3394: 3391: 3355:Jacob DeShazer 3351:Robert L. Hite 3316:Patrick Cleary 3290: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3242: 3240: 3233: 3227: 3224: 3214:, an American 3149:East China Sea 3117:and prototype 3081:Doolittle and 2927:Salt Lake City 2814:B-25Bs on USS 2807: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2746:John A. Hilger 2742: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2696: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2598:Primorsky Krai 2594: 2592:Edward J. York 2588: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2575: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2515:David M. Jones 2511: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2351: 2349: 2343: 2336: 2334: 2328: 2321: 2319: 2309: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2248: 2247: 2236: 2233: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2204: 2135: 2132: 2085:Ernest J. King 2081:Francis S. Low 2052: 2049: 2041:Medal of Honor 1976:B-25B Mitchell 1933:Doolittle Raid 1924: 1923: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1878:Baltic Nations 1869: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1687: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1661: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1605: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1578: 1573: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1548: 1547: 1540: 1533: 1525: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1460: 1459: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1426:Ganghwa (1875) 1423: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1396: 1395: 1388: 1381: 1373: 1364: 1363: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1335: 1327: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1295: 1293:South Sakhalin 1290: 1285: 1280: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1235: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1129: 1124: 1118: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1069: 1062: 1055: 1050: 1048:Malacca Strait 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1009: 1008: 1006:Southeast Asia 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 990: 989: 979: 974: 973: 972: 962: 956: 955: 949: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 916:Doolittle Raid 913: 906: 901: 895: 894: 888: 885: 884: 875: 874: 867: 860: 852: 843: 842: 840: 839: 833: 832: 826: 825: 820: 813: 808: 807: 806: 803:Guilin–Liuzhou 799: 794: 780: 773: 772: 771: 766: 754: 746: 745: 741: 740: 735: 728: 727: 726: 721: 716: 711: 701: 694: 687: 680: 673: 668: 661: 656: 651: 646: 637: 629: 628: 624: 623: 622: 621: 616: 604: 603: 602: 590: 583: 582: 581: 569: 562: 561: 560: 550: 549: 548: 543: 531: 524: 519: 514: 513: 512: 502: 501: 500: 488: 487: 486: 474: 473: 472: 467: 455: 454: 453: 448: 446:Beiping–Hankou 440: 439: 438: 426: 421: 416: 410: 409: 405: 404: 403: 402: 397: 392: 385:Inner Mongolia 382: 377: 372: 371: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 349: 348: 332: 331: 327: 324: 323: 310: 309: 302: 295: 287: 279: 278: 276: 275: 270: 267: 264: 261: 257: 255: 253: 252: 249: 246: 242: 239: 238: 234: 233: 230:Kawasaki Ki-61 226: 224: 223: 220: 217: 214: 211: 204: 201: 200: 196: 195: 190: 184: 183: 179: 178: 163: 161: 160: 145: 131: 128: 127: 123: 122: 119: 118: 117: 116: 110: 107: 102: 98: 97: 91: 89: 85: 84: 81: 73: 72: 48: 47: 35: 34: 33:Doolittle Raid 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7602: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7570:1942 in Japan 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7540: 7537: 7534: 7531: 7528: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7516: 7512: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7498: 7495: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7460: 7413: 7412: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7389: 7384: 7380: 7375: 7371: 7365: 7361: 7356: 7352: 7351: 7345: 7341: 7335: 7331: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7308: 7304: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7263: 7258: 7254: 7248: 7244: 7243: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7211: 7206: 7205: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7182: 7176: 7172: 7167: 7163: 7158: 7154: 7148: 7144: 7139: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7100: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7080: 7079: 7072: 7068: 7062: 7058: 7053: 7049: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7026: 7025: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6992: 6987: 6986: 6979: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6954: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6931: 6926: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6901: 6886: 6879: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6826: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6789: 6788: 6781: 6780: 6766: 6762: 6756: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6687: 6678: 6671: 6666: 6651: 6647: 6641: 6625: 6621: 6615: 6599: 6595: 6588: 6581: 6569: 6565: 6558: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6516: 6513: 6508: 6492: 6488: 6482: 6466: 6462: 6456: 6441: 6437: 6430: 6415: 6411: 6404: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6385: 6377: 6370: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6292:Joyce, Todd. 6289: 6282: 6278: 6275: 6270: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6239: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6213: 6206: 6205: 6200: 6196: 6193: 6187: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6161: 6155: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6124: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6104: 6097: 6093: 6090: 6084: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6061: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6009: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5982: 5974: 5968: 5961: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5928:, p. 66. 5927: 5922: 5915: 5911: 5906: 5900:, p. 24. 5899: 5895: 5891: 5886: 5879: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5855: 5850: 5843: 5838: 5831: 5826: 5819: 5814: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5789: 5782: 5777: 5775: 5768:, p. 25. 5767: 5762: 5754: 5753: 5741: 5734: 5729: 5722: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5704: 5698: 5691: 5690: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5657: 5652: 5645: 5640: 5633: 5632:Yamamoto 2000 5628: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5608: 5601: 5596: 5590:, p. 12. 5589: 5584: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5554: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5523: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5493: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5473: 5466: 5461: 5452: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5422: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5378: 5373: 5367:, p. 94. 5366: 5361: 5355:, p. 20. 5354: 5349: 5342: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5326:, p. 71. 5325: 5320: 5318: 5310: 5305: 5299:, p. 45. 5298: 5293: 5287:, p. 63. 5286: 5281: 5275:, p. 52. 5274: 5269: 5263:, p. 50. 5262: 5257: 5250: 5245: 5238: 5233: 5227:, p. 45. 5226: 5221: 5219: 5212:, p. 47. 5211: 5206: 5199: 5194: 5186: 5182: 5176: 5160: 5156: 5150: 5148: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5119: 5111: 5107: 5104: 5099: 5097: 5089: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5072: 5067: 5060: 5055: 5053: 5046:, p. 22. 5045: 5040: 5034:, p. 32. 5033: 5028: 5021: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4999:, p. 27. 4998: 4993: 4986: 4981: 4974: 4969: 4963:, p. 19. 4962: 4957: 4951:, p. 13. 4950: 4945: 4938: 4933: 4927:, p. 10. 4926: 4921: 4905: 4901: 4895: 4888: 4883: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4866: 4863:Joyce, Todd. 4860: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4825: 4818:, p. 60. 4817: 4812: 4805: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4784: 4779: 4775: 4754: 4747: 4741: 4732: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4700: 4690: 4681: 4674: 4671:The order to 4668: 4658: 4649: 4642: 4636: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4585: 4584:Andy Griffith 4581: 4580: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4562:Aaron Eckhart 4560:, with actor 4559: 4558: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4541:In Harm's Way 4538: 4534: 4533: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4506:Jake DeShazer 4503: 4500: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4487:Constellation 4482: 4478: 4477: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4441:Spencer Tracy 4438: 4437: 4431: 4429: 4428: 4424:A 1944 film, 4422: 4419: 4415: 4414: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4397: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4349:Ted W. Lawson 4346: 4343: 4342: 4341: 4327: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4289:This section 4287: 4278: 4277: 4269: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4198: 4194: 4193:Heavenly Body 4187: 4186: 4181: 4180:Heavenly Body 4176: 4167: 4165: 4156: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4130:Interstate 26 4126: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4082: 4080: 4075: 4073: 4072:Marc Mitscher 4069: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4009: 4007: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3995:Edward Saylor 3991: 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3909: 3900: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3873: 3868: 3862:After the war 3859: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3849: 3844: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3826: 3814: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3709:light carrier 3706: 3703: 3695: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3636: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3600: 3596: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3577:Shunroku Hata 3574: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3408:court-martial 3399: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3371: 3370:Clinton, Iowa 3367: 3363: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3347:Chase Nielsen 3344: 3339: 3337: 3332: 3329: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3295: 3280: 3277: 3269: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3243:This section 3241: 3237: 3232: 3231: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3141: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3088: 3087:Marc Mitscher 3084: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3026: 3022: 3021:Marc Mitscher 3017: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3006: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2970: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2940: 2935: 2934: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2884:—the carrier 2883: 2880: 2876: 2875:Task Force 16 2872: 2871: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2820: 2817: 2812: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2566:Ted W. Lawson 2563: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2380: 2377: 2367: 2362: 2355: 2350: 2347: 2340: 2335: 2332: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2315: 2306: 2301: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2200: 2198: 2197:Fort Snelling 2194: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2140: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2067:spoke to the 2066: 2057: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2037:court-martial 2033: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2003:Midway Island 2000: 1996: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1786:Syria–Lebanon 1784: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1690:Pacific Ocean 1688: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1659:Eastern Front 1657: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1608:Western Front 1606: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1560: 1555: 1552:Campaigns of 1546: 1541: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1464:Taishō period 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1431:Ryukyu (1879) 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1421:Taiwan (1874) 1419: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1410: 1405: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1382: 1380: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1351: 1348: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1298:Kuril Islands 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1181:North America 1179: 1178: 1175: 1174:Borneo (1945) 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1074: 1070: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1060: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1000: 997: 995: 994:Bay of Bengal 992: 988: 985: 984: 983: 980: 978: 975: 971: 968: 967: 966: 963: 961: 958: 957: 954: 951: 950: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 911: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 896: 893: 890: 889: 886: 881: 873: 868: 866: 861: 859: 854: 853: 850: 838: 835: 834: 831: 828: 827: 824: 821: 819: 818: 814: 812: 809: 805: 804: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 789: 788: 787: 786: 781: 779: 778: 774: 770: 767: 765: 762: 761: 760: 759: 755: 753: 752: 748: 747: 743: 742: 739: 736: 734: 733: 729: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 706: 705: 702: 700: 699: 695: 693: 692: 688: 686: 685: 681: 679: 678: 674: 672: 669: 667: 666: 662: 660: 657: 655: 654:Central Hubei 652: 650: 649:North Vietnam 647: 645: 644: 643: 638: 636: 635: 631: 630: 626: 625: 620: 617: 615: 612: 611: 610: 609: 605: 601: 598: 597: 596: 595: 594:South Guangxi 591: 589: 588: 584: 580: 577: 576: 575: 574: 570: 568: 567: 563: 559: 556: 555: 554: 551: 547: 544: 542: 539: 538: 537: 536: 532: 530: 529: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 511: 508: 507: 506: 503: 499: 496: 495: 494: 493: 489: 485: 482: 481: 480: 479: 475: 471: 468: 466: 463: 462: 461: 460: 456: 452: 451:Tianjin–Pukou 449: 447: 444: 443: 441: 437: 434: 433: 432: 431: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 411: 407: 406: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 387: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 347: 346:Lytton Report 344: 343: 342: 339: 338: 337: 334: 333: 329: 328: 325: 319: 308: 303: 301: 296: 294: 289: 288: 285: 274: 271: 268: 265: 262: 259: 258: 256: 250: 247: 244: 243: 241: 240: 235: 231: 227: 221: 218: 215: 212: 210: 206: 205: 203: 202: 197: 194: 191: 189: 186: 185: 180: 176: 164: 158: 146: 144: 143:United States 133: 132: 130: 129: 124: 115: 111: 108: 105: 104: 103: 100: 99: 94: 90: 87: 86: 83:18 April 1942 82: 79: 78: 74: 70: 69: 63: 62:B-25 Mitchell 59: 54: 49: 45: 41: 36: 31: 26: 22: 7521: 7409: 7406:Toll, Ian W. 7387: 7378: 7359: 7348: 7329: 7302: 7283: 7261: 7241: 7203: 7170: 7161: 7142: 7130:. Retrieved 7121: 7098: 7077: 7056: 7037: 7023: 6984: 6970:. Retrieved 6952: 6929: 6917:. Retrieved 6908: 6892:. Retrieved 6876: 6854: 6832:(1): 73–86. 6829: 6823: 6786: 6764: 6755: 6743:. Retrieved 6729: 6722:Military.com 6721: 6704: 6696: 6677: 6665: 6653:. Retrieved 6649: 6640: 6628:. Retrieved 6614: 6602:. Retrieved 6587: 6579: 6572:. Retrieved 6557: 6545:. Retrieved 6536: 6526: 6507: 6495:. Retrieved 6481: 6471:20 September 6469:. Retrieved 6455: 6443:. Retrieved 6439: 6429: 6417:. Retrieved 6413: 6403: 6384: 6375: 6369: 6357:. Retrieved 6348: 6338: 6326:. Retrieved 6317: 6308: 6288: 6269: 6257:. Retrieved 6248: 6238: 6228: 6212: 6202: 6186: 6174:. Retrieved 6163: 6154: 6142:. Retrieved 6133: 6123: 6103: 6083: 6075: 6060: 6039: 6031: 6015: 6006: 5999:. Retrieved 5990: 5981: 5958: 5951:. Retrieved 5942: 5939:"Camp David" 5933: 5921: 5905: 5885: 5873: 5861: 5849: 5837: 5830:Craigie 1945 5825: 5813: 5805: 5788: 5761: 5752:Bungeishunjū 5750: 5740: 5728: 5688: 5681: 5673:the original 5663: 5651: 5639: 5627: 5616: 5607: 5595: 5583: 5571:. Retrieved 5562: 5553: 5541:. Retrieved 5532: 5522: 5510:. Retrieved 5501: 5492: 5472: 5460: 5451: 5439:. Retrieved 5430: 5421: 5413:the original 5408: 5396: 5384: 5372: 5360: 5348: 5304: 5292: 5280: 5268: 5256: 5249:Coletta 1993 5244: 5232: 5205: 5193: 5184: 5175: 5163:. Retrieved 5134:. Retrieved 5066: 5039: 5027: 4992: 4980: 4968: 4956: 4944: 4932: 4920: 4908:. Retrieved 4894: 4840:. Retrieved 4811: 4778: 4753: 4740: 4731: 4722: 4708: 4699: 4689: 4680: 4672: 4667: 4657: 4648: 4640: 4635: 4598: 4577: 4575: 4555: 4553: 4545:Emile Hirsch 4540: 4536: 4530: 4528: 4523: 4522: 4513: 4509: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4475: 4470:Alec Baldwin 4465:Pearl Harbor 4463: 4461: 4454: 4448: 4434: 4432: 4425: 4423: 4412: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4384: 4378: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4339: 4321: 4291:may contain 4290: 4258: 4237: 4219: 4215: 4207: 4202: 4196: 4192: 4190: 4184: 4179: 4161: 4138: 4127: 4112: 4107: 4093: 4083: 4076: 4067: 4060: 4052: 4049:Dayton, Ohio 4042: 4031: 4023: 4017: 4010: 4003: 3992: 3981: 3968: 3965: 3961: 3958: 3918: 3854: 3847: 3842:Lost Horizon 3840: 3837:James Hilton 3830: 3822: 3811: 3794: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3773: 3761:Second Fleet 3758: 3754: 3730: 3712: 3699: 3665: 3653: 3644: 3637: 3634: 3624: 3620: 3617:Operation Mo 3611: 3604: 3598: 3594: 3592: 3575: 3542: 3518: 3499: 3472: 3463:Purple Heart 3456: 3427: 3404: 3386: 3385: 3374: 3359: 3340: 3324: 3318:, the Irish 3301: 3272: 3263: 3252:Please help 3247:verification 3244: 3209: 3180:Vozdvizhenka 3177: 3166: 3162: 3146: 3134:Hari Kari-er 3133: 3129: 3127: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3030: 3024: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2915: 2907: 2900: 2887: 2879:Vice Admiral 2869: 2863: 2858: 2857: 2849: 2839: 2826: 2824: 2818: 2815: 2780: 2758: 2712: 2685: 2661:Hari Kari-er 2660: 2611: 2553: 2527: 2456:Whiskey Pete 2455: 2397:Disposition 2375: 2345: 2330: 2317:for the raid 2313: 2279: 2275: 2252: 2249: 2228:(538 to 950 2226:U.S. gallons 2182: 2163: 2149: 2145: 2109: 2078: 2062: 2034: 2023: 2015: 1991: 1981: 1973: 1953:World War II 1940: 1936: 1932: 1930: 1871: 1870: 1859:Indian Ocean 1820:Ecuador–Peru 1808: 1807: 1777:Middle East 1751:North Africa 1739: 1738: 1678:Asia-Pacific 1676: 1675: 1563: 1554:World War II 1488:Shōwa period 1486: 1485: 1462: 1461: 1456:Korea (1910) 1415:Meiji period 1413: 1356: 1355: 1330: 1310: 1276: 1223: 1218:Project Hula 1203:Fort Stevens 1132: 1072: 1065: 1058: 946:Ocean Island 915: 909: 899:Pearl Harbor 815: 801: 792:4th Changsha 783: 782: 775: 756: 749: 730: 698:3rd Changsha 696: 691:2nd Changsha 689: 684:South Shanxi 682: 675: 663: 640: 639: 632: 614:West Suiyuan 606: 592: 587:1st Changsha 585: 571: 564: 533: 526: 490: 476: 465:Pingxingguan 457: 430:2nd Shanghai 428: 375:1st Shanghai 222:8 destroyers 126:Belligerents 71:for the raid 67: 25: 7560:Pacific War 7198:Chang, Iris 7132:15 February 6670:Glines 1988 6655:11 November 6445:16 December 6440:China Daily 6419:16 December 6328:12 February 6001:4 September 5953:3 September 5914:Glines 1988 5890:Glines 1988 5878:Glines 1988 5854:Glines 1988 5842:Glines 1988 5573:15 February 5543:14 February 5512:25 November 5465:Glines 1988 5389:Glines 1988 5377:Glines 1988 5365:Glines 1988 5353:Watson 1950 5324:Glines 1988 5309:Glines 1988 5285:Glines 1988 5273:Glines 1988 5261:Glines 1988 5237:Lawson 2002 5225:Glines 1988 5210:Glines 1988 5198:Glines 1988 5044:Glines 1988 4997:Glines 1988 4973:Glines 1988 4961:Glines 1988 4949:Glines 1988 4925:Glines 1988 4887:Glines 1988 4608:New Britain 4582:(played by 4445:Van Johnson 4375:Nathan Hale 4197:In The Mood 4123:armor plate 4100:Ford Island 4086:Smithsonian 3946:memorabilia 3737:Joseph Grew 3601:to support 3566:paratyphoid 3467:Silver Star 3420:Eglin Field 3064:picket boat 3053: / 2933:Northampton 2868:Navy blimp 2713:The Avenger 2493:crashed SE 2255:Eglin Field 2189:Minneapolis 2134:Preparation 2112:Vladivostok 2073:White House 2019:Vladivostok 1842:Air Warfare 1756:East Africa 1343:Mutanchiang 1164:New Britain 880:Pacific War 724:Yenangyaung 665:South Henan 659:South Anhui 600:Kunlun Pass 498:Taierzhuang 44:Pacific War 42:during the 7549:Categories 7474:Audio help 7465:2016-06-23 7215:0465068359 7108:0070506728 6996:0517567482 6939:0553584642 6807:1148923535 6745:6 November 6630:16 October 6497:9 February 5781:Scott 2016 5441:9 November 5165:16 October 5136:16 October 4804:Scott 2015 4765:References 4572:Television 4407:Cary Grant 4324:April 2024 4293:irrelevant 4218:and B-25J 4195:and B-25J 3984:Bill Bower 3855:Shangri-La 3833:Shangri-La 3798:Yamamoto's 3692:1943 U.S. 3621:Enterprise 3595:Enterprise 3349:, 1st Lt. 3345:, 1st Lt. 3266:April 2017 3216:missionary 3212:John Birch 3169:bailed out 3158:Kuomintang 3068:Nittō Maru 3050:35°N 154°E 2922:Enterprise 2901:Enterprise 2897:destroyers 2888:Enterprise 2831:California 2627:crashed S 2418:crashed N 2263:Lieutenant 2212:anti-icers 2116:Lend-Lease 2063:President 2051:Background 1941:Tokyo Raid 1883:Yugoslavia 1864:Madagascar 1827:Antarctica 1798:Dodecanese 1618:Resistance 1586:Winter War 1576:Phoney War 1288:Sagami Bay 1277:Starvation 1159:New Guinea 817:West Hunan 769:Mount Song 751:West Hubei 671:West Hubei 546:Wenxi fire 541:Wanjialing 390:Great Wall 219:4 cruisers 7224:776994797 6972:4 October 6919:5 October 6894:4 October 6604:5 October 6574:5 October 6259:5 October 6176:5 October 6144:5 October 5898:Gill 1968 5818:Grew 1944 5783:, ch. 18. 5658:, p. 171. 5297:Chun 2006 5032:Chun 2006 4816:Chun 2006 4770:Citations 4673:Nashville 4612:Cebu City 4579:Salvage 1 4499:VHS video 4485:USS 4476:Lexington 4474:USS 4418:Tokyo Bay 4413:Copperfin 4411:USS 4405:starring 4308:citations 4201:USS 4145:Jiangshan 4094:The 2006 3993:Lt. Col. 3874:, in 1957 3853:USS 3605:Lexington 3558:dysentery 3226:Aftermath 3076:Nashville 3072:Nashville 2945:Nashville 2939:Vincennes 2886:USS 2596:interned 2412:Lt. 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