Jus soli - Knowledge

1835:: The law that regulates this right is n. 91 of 5 February 1992. Article 4 paragraph 2 grants this possibility to a person born in Italy, who has legally resided there without interruption until reaching the age of 18, and becomes a citizen if they declare that they wish to acquire Italian citizenship within one year from the aforementioned date. They can make use of this right by submitting a simple declaration of will to the Civil Status Office of their municipality of residence. It is important to know that the Municipality of belonging is required, according to article 33 of Law 98/2013, to inform foreign citizens, during the 6 months preceding the age of 18, of the possibility of applying for Italian citizenship by the age of 19. In the absence of such communication, the request can be made even after the age of 19. In the event that, despite having been born in Italy, one has not had continuous residence from birth, but has resided in Italy for at least three years, at the age of 18, the application can be presented at the Prefecture with all the necessary documentation. Furthermore, in application of art. 1 of the same law and which aims to prevent statelessness, in Italy the 1971:: After 31 December 1984, the following conditions apply: "The child's mother has Dutch nationality at the time of birth, or the child's parents both have Dutch nationality at the time of birth, or the father of the child has Dutch nationality at the time of birth and is married/registered partner to the non-Dutch mother or acknowledged the child, or the child and the child's mother have their principal residence in the Kingdom of the Netherlands at the time of birth. One of the mother's parents also had her main residence in the Kingdom on the day the mother was born, or the child and the child's father have their principal residence in the Kingdom of the Netherlands at the time of birth. One of the father's parents also had his main residence in The Kingdom on the day the father was born." 708:: Subsection 3(2) of the Citizenship Act states that Canadian citizenship by birth in Canada – including Canadian airspace and territorial waters – is granted to a child born in Canada even if neither parent was a Canadian citizen or permanent resident except if either parent was a diplomat, in service to a diplomat, or employed by an international agency of equal status to a diplomat. However, if neither parent was a diplomat, the nationality or immigration status of the parents do not matter. Some Conservative Party members wish to end birthright citizenship in Canada to the children of tourists and unauthorized immigrants. 1516:: Article 976(4) of the Civil Code of Iran grants citizenship at birth to persons born in Iran of foreign parents if one or both of the parents were themselves born in Iran. Article 976(5) People born in Iran of a father of foreign nationality who have resided at least one more year in Iran immediately after reaching the full age of 18; in other cases their naturalization as Iranian subjects will be subject to the stipulations for Iranian naturalization laid down by the law. New legislation passed by the Iranian Parliament in 2012 grants permanent residency to children born to Iranian mothers and foreign fathers. See 4683:"Article 1 A child of foreigner parents born in Greece acquires the right to Greek nationality under the following preconditions: a) He/she has enrolled in the first grade of elementary school and is still attending Greek school at the time the application-declaration of paragraph 2 is being lodged. b) One of their parents has been living legally and continuously for at least five (5) years in the country before the child was born. In case the child was born before this five year period had been completed, then the necessary period of legal and continuous residence of the parents is extended to ten (10) years." See, 1295: 2820:"The following persons shall become citizens at the date of their birth on or after 1st November 1981– a. every person born in Antigua and Barbuda: Provided that a person shall not become a citizen by virtue of this paragraph if at the time of his birth- i. neither of his parents is a citizen and either of them possess such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to the envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Antigua and Barbuda; or ii. either of his parents is a citizen of a country with which Her Majesty is at war and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by that country." 3624: 647:, "any child born within the borders of the United Republic of Tanzania, on or after Union Day, 26 April 1964, is granted citizenship of Tanzania, except for children of foreign diplomats." While Tanzania technically observes birthright citizenship, it is official practice that birth in Tanzania has to be further supported by descent from a Tanzanian parent to be recognized as a citizen by birth. This practice has gone uncontested in courts of law. Also, dual citizenship is not allowed after turning 18 years old. At 18 years old, Tanzanian citizenship will cease unless other citizenships are renounced. 2647:"de la nationalité d'origine – CHAPITRE II – Art. 13 – L'option prévue aux articles 11 et 12 s'exerce à l'âge de dix-huit ans révolus. Toutefois, lorsque cette option est motivée par une reconnaissance postérieure à la majorité, l'intéressé doit l'exercer dans le délai d'un an qui suit la reconnaissance." (Translation: "The options presented in articles 11 and 12 deploy themselves at 18 years of age. However, if an individual recognizes their ability to follow these options after majority has been reached, a delay of 1 year must take place from the recognition before the options can be pursued.") 3008:: "Every person born in Dominica after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Dominica at the date of his birth: Provided that a person shall not become a citizen of Dominica by virtue of this section if at the time of his birth- a) neither of his parents is a citizen of Dominica and his father possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to the enjoyment of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Dominica; or b) his father is a citizen of a country with which Dominica is at war and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by that country." 894: 2591:"de la nationalité d'origine – CHAPITRE II – Art. 12 – Sont Tchadiens: Les enfants nés au Tchad de parents étrangers; toutefois, ils peuvent, si les deux ascendants ont la même nationalité, opter pour cette nationalité; ce droit d'option ne peut s'exercer que si la législation du pays dont les ascendants sont nationaux le permet." (Translation: "Chadian citizens include: Children born in Chad of foreign parents; however, if both parents have the same nationality, they (the children) can opt for the parents' nationality, if the legislation of their parents' country permits it.") 2839:: "Every person born in Barbados after 29th November 1966 shall become a citizen of Barbados at the date of his birth: Provided that a person shall not become a citizen of Barbados by virtue of this section if at the time of his birth – a. his father possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to an envoy of a foreign sovereign state accredited to Her Majesty in right of Her Government in Barbados and neither of his parents is a citizen of Barbados; or b. his father is an enemy alien and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by the enemy." 3632: 1984: 1366: 1643: 868: 700: 907: 660: 1488:

persons of Chinese ethnicity (wholly or partly) with PRC nationality born in Hong Kong are PRC nationals with Hong Kong permanent residence, even if their parents are non-PRC citizens (e.g. overseas-born Chinese). Non-PRC citizens born to non-PRC citizen Hong Kong permanent resident parents in Hong Kong also receive permanent residence of Hong Kong at birth. Other persons must have "ordinarily resided" in Hong Kong for seven continuous years in order to gain permanent residence (Articles 24(2) and 24(5)).

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application, and if at least one of their parents lived in Luxembourg uninterrupted for at least 12 months immediately preceding their birth. Furthermore, a person born in Luxembourg to foreign, non-Luxembourg-born parents gains Luxembourg citizenship automatically upon reaching the age of 18, provided that they have lived uninterrupted in Luxembourg for the preceding 5 years and at least one of their parents lived uninterrupted in Luxembourg for at least 12 months immediately preceding their birth.

920: 1945: 1963: 2020: 2032: 1313: 2081: 2002: 881: 759: 7639: 6354: 1446: 1135: 1016: 714: 1846: 674: 1609: 1098: 1626: 1187: 842: 1494: 785: 3413:, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (9 September 2010): "With respect to natural citizens, Uruguay's Constitution states: 'll men and women born at any place within the territory of the Republic are natural citizens. Children of Uruguayan fathers or mothers are also natural citizens, wherever they may have been born, provided that they take up residence in the country and register themselves in the Civil Register.' (Uruguay 1996, Art. 74)" 1591: 1432: 1123: 798: 746: 1887: 1666: 1392: 635: 1919: 1777: 1418: 1345: 1072: 1028: 811: 772: 1755: 1277: 1263: 824: 622: 2064:: A person who was born in India from 26 January 1950 until 1 July 1987 is a citizen by birth, regardless of the parents' nationality. It was restricted in 1987 to people with at least one parent who was a citizen. As of today, a person born in India is a citizen only if at least one parent is a citizen, and the other parent is a citizen or a legal migrant. These measures were brought in largely in reaction to illegal migration from 1526: 1167: 1085: 687: 855: 289: 1558: 1054: 1331: 1865: 1249: 732: 1726: 1110: 1041: 609: 1154: 1508: 1700: 2057: 1827: 1901: 1544: 939:, ratified in 1868, provides: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." The concept of birthright citizenship applying to the child born of a foreign national in the country without proper credentials has never been formally litigated, but the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in 1895:: A child born in Portuguese territory to parents who do not possess another nationality is a Portuguese citizen. Also, a person born to foreign parents who were not serving their respective states at the time of birth is a Portuguese citizen if the person declares that they want to be Portuguese and provided that one of the parents has resided in Portugal for at least one year at the time of birth. 945:(1898) allowed the government to deny citizenship to U.S.-born children only in the cases of children born to foreign diplomats and children born to enemy forces engaged in hostile occupation of the country's territory, and, thus, this decision is most often interpreted as barring the government from denying citizenship to those born in the U.S. based on the alienage of their parents. (See 2095: 2858:: "24. Every person born in Belize on or after Independence Day shall become a citizen of Belize at the date of his birth: Provided that a person shall not become a citizen of Belize by virtue of this section if at the time of his birth- his father or mother is a citizen of a country with which Belize is at war and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by that country" 1771:

shall acquire the right of Greek nationality with a combination of preliminary school attendance and parents' legal residence in Greece (5 years, 10 if the child is born prior to 5 years of legal residence). One year after the implementation of the law (as from July 2016), 6,029 children had been granted Greek nationality, out of 27,720 submitted applications.

1953:: Since 1 January 1983, at least one parent must be a British citizen or be legally "settled" in the country for a child born in the UK to automatically be a British citizen. If neither parent is British or settled, then a child born in the UK can apply for British citizenship if they have spent the first ten years of their life in the UK (see 1716:). A child born in France to foreign parents becomes a French citizen automatically upon turning 18, provided that they reside in France on their 18th birthday and have had their primary residence in France for a total (but not necessarily continuous) period of at least 5 years since the age of 11. Children born in France to two 4662: 1785:: On 1 January 2005, the law was amended to require that at least one of the parents be an Irish citizen; a British citizen; a resident with a permanent right to reside in Ireland or in Northern Ireland; or a legal resident residing three of the last four years in the country (excluding students and asylum seekers) (see 1873:: A person born in Malta on or after 1 August 1989 is automatically a Maltese citizen if at least one of their parents is Maltese or was born in Malta. Anyone born in Malta before 1 August 1989, regardless of their parents' circumstances, is automatically a Maltese citizen, as the country conferred unconditional 1744:, but now children born in Germany on or after 1 January 2000 to non-German parents acquire German citizenship at birth if at least one parent has a permanent residence permit (and had this status for at least three years) and resided in Germany for at least eight years prior to the child's birth. However, 1712:) to at least one parent who is either (i) a French national or (ii) born in France, are automatically granted French nationality at birth. Children born in France to foreign parents who do not fulfil either of these two conditions may acquire citizenship from age 13 subject to residence conditions (see 4643:

e.g., child born in Greece to alien parents after coming of age (Nationality law of 1835, Article 2), child born in Greece of unknown father and mother (Greek Civil Law of 1856, Article 14, Paragraph c), child born in Greece and not automatically acquiring another nationality (Greek Nationality Code

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Every child born in Fiji on or after the date of commencement of this Constitution becomes a citizen at the date of birth unless, at the date of birth: (a) a parent of the child has the diplomatic immunity accorded to envoys of foreign sovereign powers accredited to Fiji; and (b) neither parent is a

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if at least one of their parents was also born in Luxembourg. Additionally, a person born in Luxembourg to foreign, non-Luxembourg-born parents can become a Luxembourg citizen from the age of 12 if they have resided uninterrupted in Luxembourg for at least 5 years immediately prior to submitting the

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is applied in other cases: – by birth in Italy of unknown or stateless parents; – by birth on Italian territory of foreign parents unable to transmit their citizenship to the subject according to the law of the country of origin; – the child of unknown persons found in the territory of the Republic

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clarified that the parents need not have right of abode and as a consequence many women from Mainland China began coming to Hong Kong to give birth. By 2008, the number of babies in the territory born to Mainland China mothers had grown to twenty-five times the number five years prior. Furthermore,

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of 2004 states that "A person born in Greek territory acquires by birth the Greek nationality if not acquiring alien nationality or is of unknown nationality". Additionally, as from 2015's amendment of 2004 Cod (Law 4332 of 2015, G.G. A/76/9 July 2015), a child born in Greece by foreign parents,

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CHAPTER II KHMER NATIONALITY/CITIZENSHIP BY BIRTH Promulgated on 9 October 1996, "...shall obtain Khmer nationality/citizenship, by having been born in the Kingdom of Cambodia: a. any child who is born from a foreign mother and father (parents) who were born and living legally in the Kingdom of

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prior to 1972. Due to illegal immigration from Burma, the Nationality Act was amended to require that both parents be legally resident and domiciled in Thailand for at least five years for their child to be granted Thai citizenship at birth. Furthermore, someone who has Thai citizenship by sole

1992:: Since 20 August 1986, a person born in Australia acquires Australian citizenship by birth only if at least one parent was an Australian citizen or permanent resident; or else after living the first ten years of their life in Australia, regardless of their parents' citizenship status (see 3060:

CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ DE 1972, REFORMADA POR LOS ACTOS REFORMATORIOS DE 1978, Y POR EL ACTO CONSTITUCIONAL DE 1983 – TITULO II: NACIONALIDAD Y EXTRANJERIA: ARTICULO 8. La nacionalidad panameña se adquiere por el nacimiento, por la naturalización o por disposición

2551:. Paris: June/July 1994., Iss. 188; pg. 24, 3 pgs (Cites legislation for Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and the United States) 4654: 1404:

grants Colombian nationality by birth provided that at least one of the parents is a Colombian national or a legal resident. By presidential decree, in August 2019 nationality was granted to children of Venezuelan migrants born in Colombia regardless of residential status of their

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was amended on 26 January 2010. The amendment broadened the definition of the 2004 migration law – which excluded from citizenship children born to individuals that were "in transit" – to include "non-residents" (including individuals with expired residency visas and undocumented

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in the United States – particularly for children born to persons unlawfully present in the country. However, this may be difficult to accomplish, as the general consensus among American lawyers and legal scholars, regardless of personal ideology, is that the 14th Amendment grants

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citizens will lose their German citizenship upon turning 23 unless they: (i) reside in Germany for at least 8 years during their first 21 years of life; or (ii) attend school in Germany for at least 6 years; or (iii) graduate from high school/college in Germany; or (iv) complete

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without recent changes) Article 10.- "Chileans are: 1.- Persons born in the territory of Chile, with the exception of those children of foreigners who are in Chile serving their government, as well as those children of transient foreigners. However, all may opt for the Chilean

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From 24 January 2020, the Trump administration adopted a new policy to make it more difficult for foreign nationals to obtain a nonimmigrant visa to travel to the U.S. to give birth on U.S. soil to ensure their children become U.S. citizens, a practice commonly known as

2938:: "The following are Costa Ricans by birth: ...2. A child born abroad to a born Costa Rican father or mother, who is registered as such in the Civil Register by the will of the Costa Rican parent during its minority, or by his own will up to the age of twenty-five..." 3027:: "Every person born in Jamaica shall become a citizen of Jamaica – a. on the sixth day of August 1962, in the case of a person born before that date; b. on the date of his birth, in the case of a person born on or after the sixth day of August 1962." 1065:

grants nationality to "those born in Chilean territory, with the exception of the children of foreigners who are in Chile in service of their government, and the children of transient foreigners, all of which, however, may opt for the Chilean

1616:: A person born in Mongolia to foreign parents with valid residency permits can apply for Mongolian nationality when they turn the age of 16. A child in Mongolian territory with unidentified parents can receive Mongolian citizenship (see 3047:

Capítulo II De los Mexicanos – Artículo 30. La nacionalidad mexicana se adquiere por nacimiento o por naturalización A) Son mexicanos por nacimiento: I. Los que nazcan en territorio de la República, sea cual fuere la nacionalidad de sus

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states that persons born in Mexican territory are natural-born citizens of Mexico regardless of their parents' nationality. The definition of "territory" includes vessels/aircraft flagged to Mexico travelling in international waters or

2010:: Since 1 January 2006, a person born in New Zealand acquires New Zealand citizenship by birth only if at least one parent was a New Zealand citizen or permanent resident (includes Australian citizens and Permanent Residents) (see 4289: 517:, along with the emergence of successful wars of independence movements that widened the definition and granting of citizenship, as a prerequisite to the abolishment of slavery since the 19th century. Outside the Americas, 2640: 2584: 1002:

at birth (they are non-citizen U.S. nationals, unless one of their parents is a U.S. citizen). In 2019, a federal court ruled that American Samoans are U.S. citizens, but the ruling was put on hold, and the litigation is

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Article 12a of the Federal Constitution (translated) says that Brazilians include, "a) those born in the Federative Republic of Brazil, even if of foreign parents, provided they are not in the service of your country".

4910: 2394: 1353:: Individuals born in Tunisia are citizens by birth if their father and grandfather were born in Tunisia. Additionally, the person must declare before becoming an adult (20 years) that they want to be a citizen. 1637:; the primary law governing nationality regulations is the Pakistan Citizenship Act, 1951. Individuals born in the country are automatically citizens at birth, however there are some exceptions to refugees. 1502:: Children birth in Indonesia. It can also be granted to a permanent resident who has lived in Indonesia for a given period of time through naturalization, as long as the parents are stateless, or unknown. 1339:: A person born before 1994 gains Sudanese nationality at birth if his father was also born in Sudan. If his father was not born in Sudan, they can apply to the Minister to be granted Sudanese nationality. 4502: 1534:: Children born in Israel who have never acquired another citizenship are eligible to apply for Israeli citizenship between their 18th and 21st birthday if they have lived in Israel for over 5 years (see 1440:: In 1996, Cambodia changed the law to grant citizenship to children born to foreign parents only if they are living legally in the Kingdom of Cambodia (under Article 4(2)(a) of the 1996 Nationality Law). 1655:

citizenship, even those living abroad, can acquire Taiwanese nationality at birth. Children born in Taiwan to stateless parents or have unknown parentage are considered Taiwanese nationals at birth (see

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On July 7, 2005, the Law Library indicated that individuals born outside Cuba to one Cuban citizen parent must have been physically present in Cuba for at least three months to be eligible to apply for

1457:, most political rights and eligibility for most benefits are conferred to permanent residents regardless of citizenship. Conversely, PRC citizens who are not permanent residents (such as residents of 1303:: A person born in São Tomé and Príncipe acquires São Toméan nationality, as long as the parents are residents of the country. The only exception is if any of the parents have diplomatic immunity (see 3970: 4771: 3037:

CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS – Constitución publicada en el Diario Oficial de la federación el 5 de febrero de 1917 – TEXTO VIGENTE – Última reforma publicada DOF 07-07-2014

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under certain conditions, for example, if either one of the parents was also born in Spain or if neither of the parents can transmit their nationality to the child (such as stateless parents).

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Uruguay: Whether a person who obtained Uruguayan citizenship because her father was a citizen of Uruguay, can bring a dependent child to Uruguay; the status of the child in Uruguay

3081: 2718: 2637: 2581: 1257:: According to Article 4 of the Nationality Law of the Arab Republic of Egypt, children born in Egypt gain citizenship at birth if their father or mother was an Egyptian citizen. 4049: 3769: 3504:

Note: Section 3 pertains to children of foreign diplomats and section 4 the father was a citizen of a country with which Tuvalu was at war at the time when the person was born.

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by requiring that at least one of the child's parents be a citizen, national or legal permanent resident of the state in question at time of the child's birth. Modification of

4918: 3311: 3219: 5704: 5609: 1599:: A person born in Malaysia on or after 16 September 1963 with at least one parent being a Malaysian citizen or permanent resident is automatically a Malaysian citizen (see 562:

similarly provides that "Every person has the right to the nationality of the state in whose territory he was born if he does not have the right to any other nationality."

3725: 1565:: Similar to Hong Kong, most political rights and eligibility for most benefits are conferred to permanent residents regardless of citizenship since the December 1999 5619: 5437: 4687: 5744: 5734: 4494: 522: 4089: 4030: 1573:. Becoming a Macau permanent resident has slightly different requirements depending on an individual's nationality. Acquisition by birth operates on a modified 1271:: A person who was born in Morocco to parents also born in Morocco and whose immigration is legal, can register as a Moroccan two years prior to becoming adult. 976:". Some citizens in the United States have often called for legislative reforms, including an amendment to the Citizenship Clause of the 14th Amendment, to end 4524: 3828: 3265: 2811:

Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda: CHAPTER VIII CITIZENSHIP | PERSONS WHO AUTOMATICALLY BECOME CITIZENS AFTER COMMENCEMENT OF THIS CONSTITUTION | Section 113

1321:: Since 6 October 1995, a person born in South Africa to South African citizens or permanent residents is automatically granted South African citizenship (see 932: 924: 6715: 3966: 3246: 3128: 4763: 3501:(1) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), a person born in Tuvalu on or after the date on which this Constitution took effect is a citizen of Tuvalu by birth. 1683:

may be stripped of Thai citizenship under various conditions (such as living abroad), which does not apply to people who have Thai citizenship by virtue of

1813:) citizenship to obtain permanent residence in the UK as parents of a dependent EU citizen. Ireland was the last country in Europe to abolish unrestricted 4597: 3586: 509:; explanations for this geographical phenomenon include: the establishment of lenient laws by past European colonial powers to entice immigrants from the 3888: 3425: 2979:"Updated agency interpretation of Cuban citizenship law for purposes of the Cuban Adjustment Act; rescission of Matter of Vazquez as an Adopted Decision" 1581:

there are automatically permanent residents, while those born to other foreign nationals must have at least one parent who possesses right of abode (see

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Kassim, Anis F (2000). "The Palestinians: From Hyphenated to Integrated Citizenship". In Butenschøn, Nils A.; Davis, Uri; Hassassian, Manuel S. (eds.).

4205: 3850: 3516: 3071:"Son Panameños por nacimientos: 1) Los nacidos en el territorio nacional | (translation) Panamanians by Birth: 1) Those born in the national territory" 1285:: A person born in Namibia to a Namibian citizen parent or a foreign parent who is ordinarily resident in Namibia, is a Namibian citizen at birth (see 4793: 4234: 1935:

from parents, or if their parents have been granted refugee or asylum status in Ukraine, or if the child is stateless or of unknown nationality (see

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Solodoch, Omer; Sommer, Udi (2020). "Explaining the birthright citizenship lottery: Longitudinal and cross-national evidence for key determinants".

5073: 4739: 3791: 3347: 2978: 4825: 4563: 3944: 2931: 2564:(eds. Brian Opeskin, Richard Perruchoud & Jillyanne Redpath-Cross: Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 99: "a well-established exception in 2659: 2352: 3001: 5379: 4711: 3063: 2475: 2417: 1470: 2452: 962:, has been at the center of a number of controversies and subject to various interpretations. Some of these interpretations entail a strict 6123: 3184: 3039: 2851: 551: 589:

is imposed when a child is born to a parent in the diplomatic or consular service of another state on a mission to the state in question.

7443: 7318: 6119: 3375: 3020: 2108: 955: 2707: 7328: 5424: 4983: 4155: 3610: 2714: 1483: 4472: 4064: 3761: 3050:(Translation: "Mexicans by birth are: I. Those born in the territory of the Republic, regardless of the nationality of their parents") 2907: 2568:

is that a child born to parents who are foreign diplomats does not automatically acquire the nationality of a host State that applies

7586: 3101: 6484: 5433: 3967:"Estado colombiano concede la nacionalidad a niños nacidos en Colombia, hijos de migrantes venezolanos, para proteger sus derechos" 3303: 3211: 2230: 4327: 3324:

a) os nascidos na República Federativa do Brasil, ainda que de pais estrangeiros, desde que estes não estejam a serviço de seu paí

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Parties to the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness are also obligated to grant nationality to people who are born aboard

7435: 7373: 17: 3386: 7415: 6746: 6392: 5965: 5409: 5311: 5238: 4357: 3736: 2956: 1454: 1375: 7678: 7410: 6127: 4949: 4125: 3423:

Constitution of Venezuela (English translation) Chapter II, Nationality and Citizenship, Section One: Nationality, Article 32

2615: 268: 7420: 3442: 2225: 1426:: Children born to a foreign father with valid residency permits who himself was born in Bahrain have right to citizenship. 1048:(requires that the foreign parents are not working for their country's government in Brazil at the time the child is born). 4028:

Law on Nationality of 20 August 1996 (unofficial translation) published by the United Nations High Commission for Refugees

3406: 2813: 2684: 644: 7453: 5278: 4684: 4003: 3682: 2384: 559: 536:("right of blood"), in which nationality is inherited through parents rather than birthplace, or a restricted version of 4884: 4383: 2876: 7601: 7581: 7560: 5995: 5664: 5351: 3158: 1566: 4405: 4027: 2832: 7565: 7448: 7291: 6171: 6090: 5761: 4265: 4100: 3836: 1810: 431: 383: 4857: 4528: 3262: 7313: 3707: 1195: 995: 899: 261: 3284: 3243: 1805:, part of the UK) to give birth in order to benefit from the previous rule whereby anyone born on any part of the 6218: 6100: 5859: 5213: 5053: 3762:"The Constitution and the Right to Nationality in the Dominican Republic – Human Rights Brief Human Rights Brief" 2638:

CODE DE LA NATIONALITE – ORDONNANCE No. 33/PG.-INT. – DU 14 AOUT 1962 – PORTANT CODE DE LA NATIONALITE TCHADIENNE

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CODE DE LA NATIONALITE – ORDONNANCE No. 33/PG.-INT. – DU 14 AOUT 1962 – PORTANT CODE DE LA NATIONALITE TCHADIENNE

1304: 60: 2534:(eds. Brian Opeskin, Richard Perruchoud & Jillyanne Redpath-Cross: Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 99. 7303: 5248: 5228: 5128: 4976: 4585: 3918: 3593: 966:, barring anyone who was not born on U.S. soil from attaining the presidency, while others are more permissive. 959: 3880: 3422: 7596: 7368: 7363: 6847: 6115: 5679: 5564: 5429: 5243: 5088: 4201: 4186: 3514: 3123: 1855: 1474: 1322: 946: 941: 532:

Almost all states in Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania grant nationality at birth based upon the principle of

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Constitution of Barbados: CHAPTER II CITIZENSHIP Persons born in Barbados after 29 November 1966: Section 4

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was automatically granted Irish citizenship. The Chinese parents used their daughter's Irish (and thereby

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was enacted in 2004, no European country grants nationality based on unconditional or near-unconditional

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Birthright Citizenship: Trends and Regulations in Europe. Comparative Report RSCAS/EUDO-CIT-Comp. 2010/8

7525: 6864: 6385: 6156: 6133: 6070: 6050: 6010: 5894: 5869: 5864: 5694: 5669: 5574: 5509: 5499: 5489: 5479: 5419: 5404: 5399: 5374: 5356: 5288: 5218: 5188: 5078: 4822: 3940: 3672:"The Sudanese Nationality Act 1994 and Sudanese Nationality Act (Amendment) 2011 (English Translation)" 2928: 2668:

CHAPTER IV CITIZENSHIP: 38. Persons born in Lesotho after the coming into operation of the Constitution

2274: 2258: 1993: 1139: 1102: 936: 2656: 1198:

on 13 April 1951. Pakistan is the only country in Asia with unconditional jus soli citizenship rights.

7673: 7550: 7490: 6025: 5909: 5884: 5839: 5834: 5784: 5709: 5659: 5634: 5629: 5599: 5554: 5544: 5504: 5474: 5464: 5454: 5369: 5346: 5321: 5258: 5178: 5103: 5068: 5038: 5033: 5028: 4969: 4322:[Law about Permanent Resident and Right of Abode in the Macao Special Administrative Region] 2998: 1657: 1630: 1617: 1600: 1191: 1127: 1045: 1020: 116: 4703: 7663: 7495: 7485: 6842: 6654: 6357: 6110: 5980: 5970: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5899: 5809: 5789: 5774: 5624: 5594: 5549: 5534: 5494: 5484: 5459: 5389: 5384: 5331: 5326: 5316: 5268: 5263: 5253: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5183: 5163: 5158: 5148: 5118: 5108: 5098: 5093: 5083: 5063: 5023: 5013: 3185:"US issues new rules restricting travel by pregnant foreigners, fearing the use of 'birth tourism'" 2337: 2318: 1401: 1286: 1114: 678: 492: 3059: 2484: 7642: 7540: 7475: 6085: 6065: 6030: 6020: 6015: 6005: 5975: 5919: 5914: 5874: 5854: 5849: 5814: 5794: 5779: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5639: 5614: 5589: 5579: 5559: 5469: 5394: 5283: 5273: 5208: 5143: 5133: 5123: 5113: 5058: 5018: 4320:

Lei sobre Residente Permanente e Direito de Residência na Região Administrativa Especial de Macau

3545: 2518: 2448: 1954: 1878: 1582: 1562: 1535: 1517: 1058: 828: 3432:: "Are Venezuelans* by birth: (1) Any person who was born within the territory of the Republic." 3036: 2900:"Conservatives want to end 'birth tourism' in Canada – but what exactly is the contested issue?" 2848: 2166: 554:

are obligated to grant nationality to people born in their territory who would otherwise become

7683: 7500: 7129: 6871: 6323: 6105: 6095: 6060: 5960: 5904: 5889: 5824: 5819: 5804: 5699: 5674: 5644: 5569: 5529: 5361: 5233: 5168: 5153: 5138: 3465:"30+ countries offering Birthright citizenship or Jus soli | Citizenship by Investment Journal" 2113: 2061: 1735: 1713: 1466: 832: 3372: 3017: 2313: 1762:: Apart from regulations in past and historic nationality laws of Greece granting nationality 7555: 7530: 7520: 7510: 7505: 7358: 6426: 6378: 6166: 5924: 5879: 5844: 5829: 5799: 5654: 5584: 5341: 4552:"Life and Death Away from the Golden Land: The Plight of Burmese Migrant Workers in Thailand" 3132: 2605: 2332: 2171: 2142: 1818: 1790: 1786: 1767: 1759: 873: 540:

in which nationality by birthplace is automatic only for the children of certain immigrants.

197: 4163: 7668: 7616: 7611: 7515: 7385: 7336: 6730: 6696: 6681: 6517: 6464: 6287: 6260: 6151: 5714: 4460: 4436: 2899: 616:(the choice to take Chadian citizenship, or that of the parents is made at 18 years of age) 585:

and it is the most common means of acquiring nationality. However, a frequent exception to

111: 3093: 8: 7000: 6805: 6780: 6760: 6664: 6277: 6196: 5739: 4764:"Obtaining Luxembourgish nationality by simple operation of law – Citoyens // Luxembourg" 1840:

is considered a citizen by birth, if the possession of another citizenship is not proven.

1782: 1552:: Children born in Japan to stateless or unknown parents are Japanese nationals at birth. 912: 665: 222: 212: 150: 133: 3654: 2948: 2197: 2044:

do not acquire U.S. citizenship at birth, unless one of their parents is a U.S. citizen.

7157: 7139: 7134: 7122: 6956: 6775: 6755: 6725: 6507: 6479: 6176: 4735:

Kunqian Catherine Zhu and Man Lavette Chen v Secretary of State for the Home Department

4464: 4456: 3881:"Inventario extranjeros Registro Civil RD 1929 – 2007 by Junta Central Electoral (JCE)" 3568: 3135: 2291: 1371: 928: 478: 242: 4319: 7162: 7080: 6817: 6770: 6708: 6537: 6318: 6270: 4945: 4468: 4271: 4261: 3604: 3572: 3383: 2611: 2295: 2235: 2100: 232: 4353: 7606: 7480: 7380: 7210: 7018: 6908: 6859: 6832: 6585: 6580: 6433: 6201: 4911:"1000 kids face deportation or being orphaned for breaching New Zealand visa rules" 4448: 4050:"The Rule of Law under 'One Country, Two Systems': The Case of Hong Kong 1997–2010" 3560: 2283: 1936: 1802: 1652: 555: 397: 349: 237: 155: 138: 27:

Birthright of anyone born in the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship

4942:

Paper Citizens: How Illegal Immigrants Acquire Citizenship in Developing Countries

4133: 1477:(PRC) born in the territory are permanent residents of the territory and have the 7351: 7043: 6854: 6600: 6590: 6282: 4992: 4829: 4691: 4197: 4034: 3520: 3429: 3410: 3390: 3379: 3288: 3269: 3250: 3067: 3043: 3024: 3005: 2935: 2855: 2836: 2817: 2663: 2644: 2588: 2389: 2202: 2118: 1709: 1570: 496: 247: 217: 145: 4452: 3829:"Dominican Republic To End Citizenship Of Those Whose Parents Entered Illegally" 2515:

An Introduction to Contemporary International Law: A Policy-Oriented Perspective

1577:

basis; individuals born in Macau to Chinese nationals or to Portuguese citizens

1221:

has been criticized as contributing to economic inequality, the perpetuation of

7308: 7252: 7091: 7048: 6976: 6720: 6691: 6616: 6570: 6512: 6469: 6313: 6213: 3446: 3403: 3244:

American Samoa and the Citizenship Clause: A Study in Insular Cases Revisionism

3182: 2810: 2680: 2308: 2041: 2037: 1950: 1794: 1578: 1458: 1194:: The main law on nationality, the Pakistan Citizenship Act, was passed by the 991: 445: 207: 123: 55: 4527:. Republic of the Philippines: Office of the Solicitor General. Archived from 3992: 3671: 7657: 7149: 6946: 6735: 6605: 6595: 6553: 6527: 6522: 6459: 6419: 6343: 6292: 6224: 5766: 4379: 2868: 2239: 2176: 2025: 1927:: A child born on the territory of Ukraine may acquire Ukrainian citizenship 1740: 1717: 1230: 1222: 973: 919: 547: 483: 106: 81: 68: 4275: 3149: 577:

and under what circumstances they can do so. Most states provide a specific

7182: 7109: 6888: 6878: 6797: 6547: 6454: 6404: 6239: 4413: 3151:

The Citizenship Clause and "Birthright Citizenship": A Brief Legal Overview

2999:

The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Dominica Chapter VII Citizenship 98

2829: 1909:: A child born in Spain to foreign parents may acquire Spanish citizenship 1318: 999: 726:

requires registration with the Costa Rican government before the age of 25.

35: 7346: 7177: 7167: 7117: 7099: 7010: 6971: 6765: 6676: 6659: 6297: 6255: 4258:

Citizenship and the state in the Middle East: approaches and applications

3212:"Trump's Birthright Citizenship Proposal Is at Odds With Legal Consensus" 2678: 2007: 1968: 886: 764: 470: 458: 454: 185: 180: 171: 101: 92: 3711: 7192: 6532: 3281: 2287: 2138: 2086: 2065: 1851: 719: 466: 202: 46: 3625:"الاستقبال-الأجانب في المغرب-الأجانب المقيمون-اكتساب الجنسية المغربية" 3564: 3546:"'Citizenship Matters': Lessons from the Irish citizenship referendum" 3263:

CNN.com. Federal judge rules American Samoans are US citizens by birth

2333:

Migrants and Citizens: Demographic Change in the European State System

958:, which determines the eligibility of those running for the office of 7238: 7233: 7200: 7172: 7060: 7055: 6991: 6966: 6913: 6827: 6542: 6474: 1989: 1499: 1445: 1134: 1015: 847: 790: 514: 510: 488: 3910: 2483:. Florence: EUDO Citizenship Observatory. p. 35. Archived from 2080: 7247: 7219: 7205: 7072: 7038: 6996: 6981: 6941: 6265: 6231: 4961: 3282:

KSL.com. Judge puts citizenship ruling for American Samoans on hold

3183:

Kylie Atwood, Geneva Sands and Jennifer Hansler (23 January 2020).

1892: 1671: 1625: 1613: 1608: 1596: 1437: 1397: 1186: 1097: 803: 751: 673: 640: 506: 128: 3487:"Constitution of Tuvalu Part III Section 45. Citizenship by birth" 3371:

Constitution of the Republic of Chile, chap. II, art. 10, par. 1 (

2560:

Ivan Shearer & Brian Opeskin, "Nationality and Statelessness"

2530:

Ivan Shearer & Brian Opeskin, "Nationality and Statelessness"

573:

is a law used in practice to regulate who can assert the right of

7243: 7228: 7224: 6986: 6936: 6928: 6918: 6822: 6810: 6669: 6565: 6559: 1924: 1806: 1798: 1731: 1423: 1350: 1282: 1268: 1122: 1077: 1033: 816: 777: 627: 288: 227: 7215: 7028: 6961: 6901: 6896: 6703: 6370: 3443:"Fiji Constitution: chapter 3, Section 10 Citizenship by birth" 3082:

s:Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago/Chapter 2

1754: 1705: 1648: 1531: 1172: 1090: 1040: 860: 823: 705: 692: 39: 3826: 3272:. Priscilla Alvarez. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2020. 2353:"America Isn't the 'Only Country' With Birthright Citizenship" 7023: 6951: 6502: 3543: 2795:

Born in the Americas: Birthright Citizenship and Human Rights

2056: 1906: 1870: 1832: 1557: 1549: 1462: 1336: 1254: 1226: 1053: 450: 403: 4118: 2226:"International Migration Law No. 34 - Glossary on Migration" 7033: 6575: 4380:"National Registration Department resources on citizenship" 3337:"Chile's Constitution of 1980 with Amendments through 2015" 2546: 1513: 1159: 1109: 736: 731: 613: 608: 423: 417: 375: 369: 4704:"Athens Macedonian News Agency: News in English, 16-07-04" 3291:. Dennis Romboy. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2020. 1720:

parents receive French nationality automatically at birth.

352: 2988:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 11 November 2017. 2314:

The Birthright Lottery: Citizenship and Global Inequality

400: 355: 4843:"Registration as British citizen: Children (Accessible)" 3792:"A Crisis of Nationality: Dominicans of Haitian Descent" 2849:

Constitution of Belize: PART III Citizenship, section 24

523:

Twenty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

3827:

Ezequiel Abiu Lopez; Danica Coto (27 September 2013).

3018:

Constitution of Jamaica Chapter II Citizenship 3B.-(1)

1213:

There is a trend in some countries toward restricting

473:

based on their birth in the territory of the country.

4354:"Malaysian Government Portal relating to citizenship" 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 1465:) are not conferred these rights and privileges. The 432: 414: 406: 384: 366: 358: 4885:"Dutch citizen by birth, acknowledgment or adoption" 3726:"1 -لمن يمكن إسناد الجنسية التونسية باعتبارها جنسية" 2929:

The Constitution of Costa Rica: Title II ARTICLE 13:

2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2543:

Guimezanes, Nicole. "What Laws for Naturalisation?"

2145:

in the country who would otherwise become stateless.

2076: 420: 372: 985:

citizenship to any child born in the United States.

411: 363: 3544:Mancini, JoAnne; Finlay, Graham (September 2008). 3157:. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. 2351: 2350:Serhan, Yasmeen; Friedman, Uri (31 October 2018). 4858:"Nederlander door geboorte, erkenning of adoptie" 4495:"Taiwan: Nationality laws (2000 – February 2004)" 4437:"Citizenship Laws of Pakistan: A Critical Review" 2736: 1854:: A person born in Luxembourg is automatically a 7655: 3239: 3237: 2418:"Repeal Birthright Citizenship – and Then What?" 1931:, if they do not acquire foreign nationality by 1237:has been restricted in the following countries: 4882: 4855: 4794:"Acquiring Luxembourgish nationality by option" 4233:. United Nations High Commission for Refugees. 3253:. harvardlawreview.org. Retrieved 27 July 2020. 2706:Nalule, Caroline; Nambooze, Anna (April 2020). 2679:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2713:. Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT), 2705: 2607:Citizenship Law in Africa: A Comparative Study 2349: 2271: 453:of anyone born in the territory of a state to 6386: 4977: 4260:. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. 3234: 2385:"Birthright citizenship benefits the country" 1789:). The amendment was prompted by the case of 269: 7290: 7070: 6124:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 4620:"Comment devient-on citoyen français ?" 4090:"Babies Born in Hong Kong to Mainland Women" 2473: 1749:professional/vocational training in Germany. 552:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 4655:"Greek Nationality Code (Law 3284 of 2004)" 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3304:"Neoconstitucionalismo – Análise histórica" 2897: 2109:Birthright citizenship in the United States 1937:Ukrainian citizenship law, articles 6 and 7 487:('right of blood'), which derives from the 6393: 6379: 4984: 4970: 3513:Pakistan Citizenship Act, 1951, II, 1951, 3147: 2715:Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies 2562:Foundations of International Migration Law 2532:Foundations of International Migration Law 2509: 2507: 2505: 2446: 1484:Director of Immigration v. Chong Fung Yuen 1117:(registration required at 18 years of age) 550:. Countries that have acceded to the 1961 276: 262: 4312: 4184: 469:countries, is a rule defining a person's 7278: 4586:"Amendments to the Nationality Act 2008" 4231:"Civil Code of Iran (last amended 1985)" 3526: 2672: 2610:. Open Society Foundations. p. 36. 2599: 2597: 2383:Rotunda, Ronald D. (16 September 2010). 2231:International Organization for Migration 592: 287: 4944:. Oxford University Press. p. 10. 4294:The Ministry of Justice English Website 2502: 2382: 2252: 513:and displace native populations in the 14: 7656: 4434: 4360:from the original on 28 September 2021 4255: 4187:"Report On Citizenship Law: Indonesia" 4097:Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics 4009:from the original on 24 September 2015 3772:from the original on 19 September 2016 3609:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3353:from the original on 19 September 2022 3209: 2879:from the original on 19 September 2018 2687:from the original on 14 September 2013 2040:): As mentioned above, people born in 1455:transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong 1205: 7277: 6634: 6374: 4965: 4939: 4758: 4756: 4600:from the original on 11 November 2018 4505:from the original on 16 November 2020 4211:from the original on 15 November 2020 4185:Harijanti, Susi Dwi (February 2017). 4057:National Taiwan University Law Review 3688:from the original on 31 December 2016 3655:"Namibian Citizenship Act 14 of 1990" 3507: 2898:Dangerfield, Katie (27 August 2018). 2708:"Report on Citizenship Law: Tanzania" 2603: 2594: 2455:from the original on 15 December 2011 2428:from the original on 14 November 2011 2415: 1793:, a Chinese woman living in mainland 1708:: Children born in France (including 1674:: Thailand operated a system of pure 444: 4991: 4883:Naturalisatiedienst, Immigratie-en. 4856:Naturalisatiedienst, Immigratie-en. 4804:from the original on 4 February 2020 4549: 4300:from the original on 31 October 2021 4047: 4041: 3222:from the original on 7 February 2023 3104:from the original on 14 January 2021 2959:from the original on 6 November 2020 2910:from the original on 7 November 2018 2447:Gilbertson, Greta (1 January 2006). 2124: 2014:), or if to prevent being stateless. 4742:from the original on 11 August 2023 4714:from the original on 7 October 2016 4665:from the original on 7 October 2016 4386:from the original on 15 August 2020 4237:from the original on 9 October 2012 4156:"Basic Law Full Text – chapter (3)" 3973:from the original on 10 August 2021 3947:from the original on 10 August 2021 3941:"Constitución Política de Colombia" 3891:from the original on 10 August 2016 3861:from the original on 29 August 2017 3148:Harrington, Ben (1 November 2018). 2724:from the original on 8 October 2021 2449:"Citizenship in a Globalized World" 2364:from the original on 26 August 2021 560:American Convention on Human Rights 449:), meaning 'right of soil', is the 24: 6636: 6635: 4753: 4333:from the original on 11 April 2019 3993:"Part one of Bahraini citizenship" 3921:from the original on 16 March 2017 3191:from the original on 16 April 2021 2397:from the original on 11 March 2012 1567:transfer of sovereignty over Macau 1383: 1357: 25: 7695: 4823:Lei da Nacionalidade – Capítulo I 4774:from the original on 12 June 2018 4566:from the original on 2 April 2019 4475:from the original on 11 July 2021 3808:from the original on 27 June 2017 3344:Comparative Constitutions Project 3314:from the original on 5 March 2016 3164:from the original on 27 July 2020 2474:Vink, M.; de Groot, G.R. (2010). 1651:: Any child born to parents with 681:: Guaranteed by the Constitution. 668:: Guaranteed by the Constitution. 581:in application of the respective 7638: 7637: 6400: 6353: 6352: 5074:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4933: 4917:. 7 October 2011. Archived from 4903: 4876: 4644:of 1955, Article 1, Paragraph d) 4099:. September 2011. Archived from 3210:Liptak, Adam (30 October 2018). 2681:"Tanzania Citizenship Act, 1995" 2416:Smith, Morgan (16 August 2010). 2093: 2079: 2055: 2030: 2018: 2000: 1982: 1961: 1943: 1917: 1899: 1885: 1863: 1844: 1825: 1775: 1753: 1724: 1698: 1664: 1641: 1624: 1607: 1589: 1556: 1542: 1524: 1506: 1492: 1444: 1430: 1416: 1390: 1364: 1343: 1329: 1311: 1293: 1275: 1261: 1247: 1196:Constituent Assembly of Pakistan 1185: 1165: 1152: 1133: 1121: 1108: 1096: 1083: 1070: 1052: 1039: 1026: 1014: 1007: 918: 905: 900:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 892: 879: 866: 853: 840: 822: 809: 796: 783: 770: 757: 744: 730: 712: 698: 685: 672: 658: 651: 645:Tanzania Citizenship Act of 1995 633: 620: 607: 565: 396: 348: 6219:Birth aboard aircraft and ships 4849: 4835: 4816: 4786: 4726: 4696: 4677: 4647: 4637: 4612: 4578: 4543: 4517: 4487: 4428: 4398: 4372: 4346: 4282: 4249: 4223: 4178: 4148: 4132:. 10 March 2008. Archived from 4082: 4021: 3985: 3959: 3933: 3903: 3873: 3843: 3820: 3784: 3754: 3718: 3700: 3664: 3647: 3617: 3579: 3479: 3457: 3435: 3416: 3397: 3365: 3329: 3294: 3275: 3256: 3203: 3176: 3141: 3116: 3086: 3075: 3053: 3030: 3011: 2992: 2971: 2941: 2922: 2891: 2869:"Immigration Status of Parents" 2861: 2842: 2823: 2804: 2699: 2650: 2631: 2575: 2554: 2537: 2524: 2467: 2440: 2409: 2131: 505:is the predominant rule in the 461:, also commonly referred to as 7279: 6056:Federated States of Micronesia 5420:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 4590:Government Gazette of Thailand 4412:(in Mongolian). Archived from 3710:. 21 June 2011. Archived from 3592:. 14 July 2014. Archived from 2451:. Migration Policy Institute. 2376: 2343: 2324: 2302: 2265: 2246: 2218: 2203:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 2190: 2159: 13: 1: 4408:[About Citizenship]. 4202:European University Institute 3124:United States v. Wong Kim Ark 2793:Katherine Culliton-González, 2717:. RSCAS/GLOBALCIT-CR 2020/6. 2255:Nationalism and Particularity 2152: 1633:: Pakistan generally applies 1323:South African nationality law 947:United States nationality law 942:United States v. Wong Kim Ark 7679:Legal rules with Latin names 6337:British Overseas Territories 4063:(1): 269–299. Archived from 3523:, access date 2 October 2015 3094:"United States Constitution" 3061:constitucional – ARTICULO 9: 2801:(2012), Vol. 25, pp. 135–36. 2799:Harvard Human Rights Journal 2048: 1975: 546:in many cases helps prevent 7: 6207:Renunciation of citizenship 4461:10.13169/polipers.16.2.0059 4453:10.13169/polipers.16.2.0059 4326:(8) (in Portuguese). 1999. 4048:Chen, Albert H. Y. (2011). 2657:The Constitution of Lesotho 2566:customary international law 2275:Regulation & Governance 2072: 2012:New Zealand nationality law 1479:right of abode in Hong Kong 1240: 956:natural-born-citizen clause 10: 7700: 6485:Weberian (three-component) 2259:Cambridge University Press 1994:Australian nationality law 1734:: prior to 2000 Germany's 1475:People's Republic of China 1305:São Toméan nationality law 1145: 937:United States Constitution 7633: 7574: 7466: 7434: 7401: 7327: 7299: 7286: 7273: 7191: 7148: 7108: 7090: 7009: 6927: 6887: 6796: 6789: 6744: 6647: 6643: 6630: 6493: 6447: 6443: 6414: 6332: 6306: 6248: 6189: 6142: 6043: 5933: 5760: 5753: 5522: 5447: 5304: 5297: 5006: 4999: 4690:23 September 2016 at the 4126:"內地來港產子數目5年急增25倍香港擬收緊綜援" 1691: 1658:Taiwanese nationality law 1618:Mongolian nationality law 1601:Malaysian nationality law 1409: 600: 61:Aboard aircraft and ships 7607:Pre-industrial East Asia 5054:Central African Republic 3428:26 February 2017 at the 3268:18 December 2019 at the 3249:18 December 2019 at the 3066:23 February 2017 at the 3042:18 November 2021 at the 3023:13 February 2017 at the 2854:28 December 2016 at the 2643:13 February 2018 at the 2587:13 February 2018 at the 2338:Cornell University Press 2319:Harvard University Press 2257:. Cambridge / New York: 2253:Vincent, Andrew (2002). 1287:Namibian nationality law 954:The U.S. Constitution's 6655:Administrative detainee 6152:Commonwealth of Nations 4832:Retrieved 11 March 2023 3851:"A storm in Hispaniola" 3004:10 January 2017 at the 2953:multiplecitizenship.com 2934:4 February 2012 at the 2519:Oxford University Press 1955:British nationality law 1879:Maltese nationality law 1583:Right of abode in Macau 1536:Israeli citizenship law 1518:Iranian nationality law 1178: 18:Birth right citizenship 7071: 5966:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4828:1 January 2023 at the 3499:on 26 September 2021. 3409:1 January 2018 at the 3378:6 October 2017 at the 3287:13 August 2021 at the 2666:, chap. IV, sec. 38 | 2114:History of citizenship 1768:Greek Nationality Code 1738:was based entirely on 1714:French nationality law 1453:: Since the July 1997 833:Constitution of Mexico 463:birthright citizenship 335: 7612:Pre-industrial Europe 6349:Partially recognized. 5214:São Tomé and Príncipe 4940:Sadiq, Kamal (2008). 4550:Yang, Bryant (2009). 4290:"THE NATIONALITY LAW" 4033:5 August 2019 at the 2835:25 April 2017 at the 2816:17 April 2015 at the 2234:: 120. 19 June 2019. 2172:CollinsDictionary.com 2141:in the country or an 1877:until this date (see 1819:Irish nationality law 1787:Irish nationality law 1301:São Tomé and Príncipe 874:Saint Kitts and Nevis 291: 198:Diplomatic protection 7469: or countries 7280:By country or region 6518:Class discrimination 6288:Second-class citizen 6261:Multiple citizenship 5730:United Arab Emirates 5364:(Kingdom of Denmark) 4596:. 27 February 2008. 4556:Thailand Law Journal 4166:on 28 September 2008 3839:on 14 November 2013. 2662:3 March 2016 at the 1710:overseas territories 1400:: Article 96 of the 831:: Article 30 of the 491:that influenced the 446:[juːsˈsɔliː] 304:without restrictions 7001:Vanniar (Chieftain) 6278:Permanent residency 6197:Loss of citizenship 6172:Caribbean Community 5425:Trinidad and Tobago 5410:St. Kitts and Nevis 5312:Antigua and Barbuda 4738:, 19 October 2004, 4624:www.vie-publique.fr 4441:Policy Perspectives 4106:on 25 November 2011 3887:. 7 November 2013. 3857:. 7 December 2013. 3768:. 29 October 2010. 3389:14 May 2011 at the 3100:. 4 November 2015. 2490:on 26 November 2012 2143:aircraft registered 1569:, according to the 913:Trinidad and Tobago 666:Antigua and Barbuda 521:is rare. Since the 223:Permanent residency 7582:18th-century Spain 7436:Standard of living 7140:Upper middle class 7135:Lower middle class 6726:Political prisoner 6508:Chattering classes 6480:Spoon class theory 5352:Dominican Republic 4531:on 26 January 2014 4136:on 18 January 2012 4070:on 25 October 2016 3742:on 25 October 2016 3553:American Quarterly 3519:2016-03-04 at the 3449:on 29 April 2020. 3216:The New York Times 2604:Manby, B. (2012). 2288:10.1111/rego.12197 1856:Luxembourg citizen 1571:Basic Law of Macau 1469:provides that all 1372:Dominican Republic 929:Citizenship Clause 479:English common law 336: 243:Identity cleansing 7651: 7650: 7629: 7628: 7625: 7624: 7462: 7461: 7269: 7268: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7163:Lumpenproletariat 6665:illegal immigrant 6626: 6625: 6538:Classless society 6368: 6367: 6342:Open border with 6185: 6184: 6039: 6038: 5518: 5517: 5438:US Virgin Islands 5365: 5089:Equatorial Guinea 4951:978-0-19-537122-2 4768:guichet.public.lu 4406:"ХАРЬЯАТЫН ТУХАЙ" 3969:. 5 August 2019. 3911:"immigrationplan" 3635:on 7 October 2016 3629:Service-public.ma 3565:10.1353/aq.0.0034 3467:. 31 October 2018 2617:978-1-936133-29-1 2206:. Merriam-Webster 2125:Explanatory notes 2101:Philosophy portal 1807:island of Ireland 556:stateless persons 481:, in contrast to 394: 314:with restrictions 286: 285: 233:Right to homeland 16:(Redirected from 7691: 7674:Common law rules 7641: 7640: 7468: 7369:Mexican-American 7297: 7296: 7288: 7287: 7275: 7274: 7076: 7019:Business magnate 6909:Knowledge worker 6794: 6793: 6682:dual or multiple 6645: 6644: 6632: 6631: 6586:Social exclusion 6581:Social cleansing 6495: 6445: 6444: 6434:Economic classes 6395: 6388: 6381: 6372: 6371: 6356: 6355: 6202:Denaturalization 6091:Papua New Guinea 6076:Marshall Islands 5758: 5757: 5363: 5302: 5301: 5004: 5003: 4993:Nationality laws 4986: 4979: 4972: 4963: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4839: 4833: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4760: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4700: 4694: 4685:Law 4332 of 2015 4681: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4651: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4416:on 6 August 2020 4410:www.legalinfo.mn 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4350: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4332: 4325: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4210: 4191: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4162:. Archived from 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4105: 4094: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4069: 4054: 4045: 4039: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4008: 3997: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3835:. Archived from 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3807: 3801:. October 2013. 3796: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3741: 3735:. Archived from 3730: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3714:on 21 June 2011. 3704: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3687: 3676: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3631:. Archived from 3621: 3615: 3614: 3608: 3600: 3599:on 14 July 2014. 3598: 3591: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3550: 3541: 3524: 3511: 3505: 3503: 3498: 3492:. Archived from 3491: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3445:. Archived from 3439: 3433: 3420: 3414: 3401: 3395: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3352: 3341: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3319: 3298: 3292: 3279: 3273: 3260: 3254: 3241: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3163: 3156: 3145: 3139: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3090: 3084: 3079: 3073: 3057: 3051: 3034: 3028: 3015: 3009: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2983: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2945: 2939: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2865: 2859: 2846: 2840: 2827: 2821: 2808: 2802: 2791: 2734: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2723: 2712: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2676: 2670: 2654: 2648: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2601: 2592: 2579: 2573: 2558: 2552: 2541: 2535: 2528: 2522: 2521:, 2015), p. 223. 2511: 2500: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2489: 2482: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2355: 2347: 2341: 2328: 2322: 2321:, 2009), p. 120. 2306: 2300: 2299: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2250: 2244: 2243: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2163: 2146: 2135: 2103: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2089: 2084: 2083: 2060: 2059: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2024: 2022: 2021: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1988: 1986: 1985: 1967: 1965: 1964: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1905: 1903: 1902: 1891: 1889: 1888: 1869: 1867: 1866: 1850: 1848: 1847: 1831: 1829: 1828: 1803:Northern Ireland 1797:who traveled to 1781: 1779: 1778: 1758: 1757: 1730: 1728: 1727: 1704: 1702: 1701: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1629: 1628: 1612: 1611: 1595: 1593: 1592: 1561: 1560: 1548: 1546: 1545: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1512: 1510: 1509: 1498: 1496: 1495: 1481:. The 2001 case 1449: 1448: 1436: 1434: 1433: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1396: 1394: 1393: 1376:The constitution 1370: 1368: 1367: 1349: 1347: 1346: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1299: 1297: 1296: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1267: 1265: 1264: 1253: 1251: 1250: 1190: 1189: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1158: 1156: 1155: 1138: 1137: 1126: 1125: 1113: 1112: 1101: 1100: 1089: 1087: 1086: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1057: 1056: 1044: 1043: 1032: 1030: 1029: 1019: 1018: 990:Persons born in 923: 922: 911: 909: 908: 898: 896: 895: 885: 883: 882: 872: 870: 869: 859: 857: 856: 846: 844: 843: 827: 826: 815: 813: 812: 802: 800: 799: 789: 787: 786: 776: 774: 773: 763: 761: 760: 750: 748: 747: 735: 734: 718: 716: 715: 704: 702: 701: 691: 689: 688: 677: 676: 664: 662: 661: 639: 637: 636: 626: 624: 623: 612: 611: 477:was part of the 448: 443: 436: 430: 429: 426: 425: 422: 419: 416: 413: 409: 408: 405: 402: 392: 388: 382: 381: 378: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 361: 360: 357: 354: 347: 329: 319: 309: 299: 278: 271: 264: 238:Voluntary return 151:Lost citizenship 32: 31: 21: 7699: 7698: 7694: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7689: 7688: 7664:Nationality law 7654: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7621: 7570: 7458: 7430: 7397: 7381:Underprivileged 7323: 7282: 7281: 7257: 7187: 7144: 7104: 7086: 7005: 6923: 6883: 6785: 6740: 6639: 6638: 6622: 6601:Social position 6591:Social mobility 6489: 6439: 6410: 6409: 6399: 6369: 6364: 6328: 6302: 6283:Right of return 6244: 6181: 6144: 6138: 6101:Solomon Islands 6035: 6001:Northern Cyprus 5996:North Macedonia 5929: 5764: 5749: 5514: 5443: 5293: 4995: 4990: 4960: 4959: 4952: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4921:on 4 March 2016 4909: 4908: 4904: 4894: 4892: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4854: 4850: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4830:Wayback Machine 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4762: 4761: 4754: 4745: 4743: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4710:. 4 July 2016. 4702: 4701: 4697: 4692:Wayback Machine 4682: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4638: 4628: 4626: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4523: 4522: 4518: 4508: 4506: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4476: 4435:Farhat (2019). 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4268: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4198:Badia Fiesolana 4189: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4160:Basiclaw.gov.hk 4154: 4153: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4052: 4046: 4042: 4035:Wayback Machine 4026: 4022: 4012: 4010: 4006: 3995: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3924: 3922: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3864: 3862: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3833:Huffington Post 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3794: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3775: 3773: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3728: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3708:"خدمات الجنسية" 3706: 3705: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3589: 3587:"Archived copy" 3585: 3584: 3580: 3548: 3542: 3527: 3521:Wayback Machine 3512: 3508: 3496: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3430:Wayback Machine 3421: 3417: 3411:Wayback Machine 3402: 3398: 3391:Wayback Machine 3384:English version 3380:Wayback Machine 3370: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3317: 3315: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3289:Wayback Machine 3280: 3276: 3270:Wayback Machine 3261: 3257: 3251:Wayback Machine 3242: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3208: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3154: 3146: 3142: 3121: 3117: 3107: 3105: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3080: 3076: 3068:Wayback Machine 3058: 3054: 3044:Wayback Machine 3035: 3031: 3025:Wayback Machine 3016: 3012: 3006:Wayback Machine 2997: 2993: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2936:Wayback Machine 2927: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2896: 2892: 2882: 2880: 2873:americanlaw.com 2867: 2866: 2862: 2856:Wayback Machine 2847: 2843: 2837:Wayback Machine 2828: 2824: 2818:Wayback Machine 2809: 2805: 2792: 2737: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2710: 2704: 2700: 2690: 2688: 2677: 2673: 2664:Wayback Machine 2655: 2651: 2645:Wayback Machine 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2602: 2595: 2589:Wayback Machine 2580: 2576: 2559: 2555: 2542: 2538: 2529: 2525: 2513:Lung-chu Chen, 2512: 2503: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2458: 2456: 2445: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2414: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2390:Chicago Tribune 2381: 2377: 2367: 2365: 2348: 2344: 2340:, 2000), p. 77. 2330:Rey Koslowski, 2329: 2325: 2307: 2303: 2270: 2266: 2251: 2247: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2165: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2149: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2119:Nationality law 2099: 2094: 2092: 2085: 2078: 2075: 2054: 2051: 2031: 2029: 2019: 2017: 2001: 1999: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1962: 1960: 1944: 1942: 1918: 1916: 1900: 1898: 1886: 1884: 1864: 1862: 1845: 1843: 1826: 1824: 1776: 1774: 1752: 1736:nationality law 1725: 1723: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1665: 1663: 1642: 1640: 1623: 1606: 1590: 1588: 1555: 1543: 1541: 1525: 1523: 1507: 1505: 1493: 1491: 1443: 1431: 1429: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1344: 1342: 1330: 1328: 1312: 1310: 1294: 1292: 1276: 1274: 1262: 1260: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1229:underclass and 1211: 1202: 1184: 1181: 1166: 1164: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1132: 1120: 1107: 1095: 1084: 1082: 1071: 1069: 1051: 1038: 1027: 1025: 1013: 1010: 917: 906: 904: 893: 891: 880: 878: 867: 865: 854: 852: 841: 839: 821: 810: 808: 797: 795: 784: 782: 771: 769: 758: 756: 745: 743: 729: 713: 711: 699: 697: 686: 684: 671: 659: 657: 654: 634: 632: 621: 619: 606: 603: 598: 568: 497:mainland Europe 441: 434: 410: 399: 395: 386: 362: 351: 345: 344: 334: 327: 325: 317: 315: 307: 305: 297: 282: 248:Right of return 193:Criminalization 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7697: 7687: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7645: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7602:Ottoman Empire 7599: 7594: 7589: 7587:Ancient Greece 7584: 7578: 7576: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7568: 7563: 7561:United Kingdom 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7472: 7470: 7464: 7463: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7456: 7454:Home-ownership 7451: 7446: 7440: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7407: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7394: 7393: 7388: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7333: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7309:American Dream 7306: 7300: 7294: 7284: 7283: 7271: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7250: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7222: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7197: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7154: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7126: 7125: 7114: 7112: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7096: 7094: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7077: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7052: 7051: 7046: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7015: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6933: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6905: 6904: 6893: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6881: 6876: 6875: 6874: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6837: 6836: 6835: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6802: 6800: 6791: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6752: 6750: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6721:Migrant worker 6718: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6657: 6651: 6649: 6641: 6640: 6637:By demographic 6628: 6627: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6617:Status Anxiety 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6571:Ranked society 6568: 6563: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6513:Class conflict 6510: 6505: 6499: 6497: 6496: topics 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6470:Mudsill theory 6467: 6462: 6457: 6451: 6449: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6390: 6383: 6375: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6350: 6347: 6340: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6310: 6308: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6263: 6258: 6252: 6250: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6228: 6221: 6214:Naturalization 6211: 6210: 6209: 6204: 6193: 6191: 6187: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6167:Nordic Council 6164: 6159: 6157:European Union 6154: 6148: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6120:American Samoa 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6031:United Kingdom 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5934:Rest of Europe 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5800:Czech Republic 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5771: 5769: 5762:European Union 5755: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5441: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5308: 5306: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5279:Western Sahara 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5069:Congo Republic 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5010: 5008: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4989: 4988: 4981: 4974: 4966: 4958: 4957: 4950: 4932: 4915:Visabureau.com 4902: 4875: 4848: 4834: 4815: 4785: 4752: 4725: 4695: 4676: 4646: 4636: 4611: 4577: 4542: 4516: 4486: 4427: 4397: 4371: 4345: 4311: 4281: 4266: 4248: 4222: 4177: 4147: 4130:People's Daily 4117: 4081: 4040: 4020: 3984: 3958: 3932: 3902: 3872: 3842: 3819: 3783: 3753: 3717: 3699: 3663: 3646: 3616: 3578: 3559:(3): 575–599. 3525: 3506: 3478: 3456: 3434: 3415: 3396: 3364: 3328: 3293: 3274: 3255: 3233: 3202: 3175: 3140: 3115: 3085: 3074: 3052: 3029: 3010: 2991: 2970: 2940: 2921: 2890: 2860: 2841: 2822: 2803: 2735: 2698: 2671: 2649: 2630: 2616: 2593: 2574: 2553: 2536: 2523: 2501: 2466: 2439: 2408: 2375: 2342: 2323: 2309:Ayelet Shachar 2301: 2264: 2245: 2217: 2189: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2090: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2069: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2042:American Samoa 2038:American Samoa 2015: 1997: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1958: 1951:United Kingdom 1940: 1914: 1896: 1882: 1860: 1841: 1822: 1811:European Union 1795:United Kingdom 1772: 1750: 1721: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1661: 1638: 1621: 1604: 1586: 1553: 1539: 1521: 1503: 1489: 1459:Mainland China 1441: 1427: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1340: 1326: 1308: 1290: 1272: 1258: 1242: 1239: 1210: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1162: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1130: 1118: 1105: 1093: 1080: 1067: 1049: 1036: 1023: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1004: 996:U.S. territory 992:American Samoa 987: 986: 968: 967: 951: 950: 933:14th Amendment 915: 902: 889: 876: 863: 850: 837: 819: 806: 793: 780: 767: 754: 741: 727: 709: 695: 682: 669: 653: 650: 649: 648: 630: 617: 602: 599: 597: 591: 567: 564: 326: 316: 306: 296: 284: 283: 281: 280: 273: 266: 258: 255: 254: 253: 252: 251: 250: 245: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 208:Foreign worker 205: 200: 195: 190: 189: 188: 175: 174: 168: 167: 166: 165: 164: 163: 158: 148: 143: 142: 141: 136: 131: 124:Naturalization 121: 120: 119: 114: 109: 96: 95: 89: 88: 87: 86: 85: 84: 72: 65: 64: 63: 50: 49: 43: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7696: 7685: 7684:Republicanism 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7644: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7573: 7567: 7566:United States 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7467:Other regions 7465: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7433: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7400: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7382: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7361: 7360: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7292:United States 7289: 7285: 7276: 7272: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7002: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6886: 6880: 6877: 6873: 6870: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6807: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6788: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6743: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6731:Socioeconomic 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6705: 6702: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6618: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6606:Social stigma 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6596:Social orphan 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6555: 6554:Nouveau riche 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6528:Class traitor 6526: 6524: 6523:Class society 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6492: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6460:Gilbert model 6458: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6416: 6413: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6396: 6391: 6389: 6384: 6382: 6377: 6376: 6373: 6361: 6360: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6344:Schengen Area 6341: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6331: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6293:Statelessness 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6247: 6241: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6227: 6226: 6225:Ius sanguinis 6222: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6212: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6178: 6177:African Union 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145:organizations 6143:International 6141: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6116:United States 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5860:Liechtenstein 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5767:Schengen Area 5763: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5430:United States 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5129:Guinea-Bissau 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5005: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4987: 4982: 4980: 4975: 4973: 4968: 4967: 4964: 4953: 4947: 4943: 4936: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4890: 4886: 4879: 4863: 4859: 4852: 4844: 4838: 4831: 4827: 4824: 4819: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4757: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4729: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4686: 4680: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4640: 4625: 4621: 4615: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4546: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4431: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4359: 4355: 4349: 4329: 4321: 4315: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4267:0-8156-2829-3 4263: 4259: 4252: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4194:cadmus.eui.eu 4188: 4181: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4102: 4098: 4091: 4085: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4029: 4024: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3988: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3860: 3856: 3855:The Economist 3852: 3846: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3787: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3757: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3667: 3656: 3650: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3612: 3606: 3595: 3588: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3515: 3510: 3502: 3495: 3488: 3482: 3466: 3460: 3453: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3419: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3400: 3394:nationality." 3392: 3388: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3368: 3349: 3345: 3338: 3332: 3325: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3297: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3278: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3259: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3240: 3238: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3206: 3190: 3186: 3179: 3160: 3153: 3152: 3144: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3119: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3056: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3014: 3007: 3003: 3000: 2995: 2987: 2980: 2974: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2944: 2937: 2933: 2930: 2925: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2864: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2845: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2826: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2807: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2720: 2716: 2709: 2702: 2686: 2682: 2675: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2653: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2634: 2619: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2600: 2598: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2578: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2550: 2548: 2540: 2533: 2527: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2486: 2479: 2478: 2470: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2427: 2423: 2422:Texas Tribune 2419: 2412: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2386: 2379: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2346: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2327: 2320: 2316: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2249: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2227: 2221: 2205: 2204: 2199: 2193: 2178: 2177:HarperCollins 2174: 2173: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2144: 2140: 2139:ships flagged 2134: 2130: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2077: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2052: 2043: 2039: 2027: 2026:United States 2016: 2013: 2009: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1980: 1979: 1970: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1941: 1938: 1934: 1933:jus sanguinis 1930: 1926: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1897: 1894: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1741:jus sanguinis 1737: 1733: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1696: 1695: 1686: 1685:jus sanguinis 1682: 1677: 1673: 1662: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1551: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1504: 1501: 1490: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1439: 1428: 1425: 1414: 1413: 1403: 1399: 1388: 1387: 1384:South America 1377: 1373: 1362: 1361: 1358:North America 1352: 1341: 1338: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1291: 1288: 1284: 1273: 1270: 1259: 1256: 1245: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1231:statelessness 1228: 1224: 1223:unfree labour 1220: 1216: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1174: 1163: 1161: 1150: 1149: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1081: 1079: 1068: 1066:nationality." 1064: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1008:South America 1001: 1000:U.S. citizens 997: 993: 989: 988: 984: 979: 975: 974:birth tourism 970: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 952: 948: 944: 943: 938: 934: 930: 926: 925:United States 921: 916: 914: 903: 901: 890: 888: 877: 875: 864: 862: 851: 849: 838: 834: 830: 825: 820: 818: 807: 805: 794: 792: 781: 779: 768: 766: 755: 753: 742: 738: 733: 728: 725: 721: 710: 707: 696: 694: 683: 680: 675: 670: 667: 656: 655: 652:North America 646: 642: 631: 629: 618: 615: 610: 605: 604: 596: 593:Unrestricted 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 566:National laws 563: 561: 557: 553: 549: 548:statelessness 545: 541: 539: 535: 534:jus sanguinis 530: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 485: 484:jus sanguinis 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 447: 439: 438: 428: 391: 390: 380: 342: 341: 333: 323: 313: 303: 295: 292:Countries by 290: 279: 274: 272: 267: 265: 260: 259: 257: 256: 249: 246: 244: 241: 240: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 187: 184: 183: 182: 179: 178: 177: 176: 173: 170: 169: 162: 159: 157: 156:denaturalized 154: 153: 152: 149: 147: 144: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117:transnational 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 104: 103: 100: 99: 98: 97: 94: 91: 90: 83: 82:Birth tourism 80: 79: 78: 77: 73: 71: 70: 69:Jus sanguinis 66: 62: 59: 58: 57: 54: 53: 52: 51: 48: 45: 44: 41: 37: 34: 33: 30: 19: 7617:Soviet Union 7592:Ancient Rome 7449:Homelessness 7374:Upper Middle 7246: / 7227: / 7218: / 7183:Working poor 7079: 7066:Robber baron 6889:Intellectual 6879:Royal family 6843:Ancient Rome 6697:second-class 6686: 6615: 6558: 6557: / 6552: 6548:High society 6455:Elite theory 6432: 6425: 6418: 6405:Social class 6358: 6324:Soviet Union 6319:Ancient Rome 6314:Nazi Germany 6240:Repatriation 6230: 6223: 6190:By procedure 5725:Turkmenistan 5680:Saudi Arabia 5244:South Africa 5229:Sierra Leone 5034:Burkina Faso 5000:By continent 4941: 4935: 4923:. 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