Battle of Berlin - Knowledge

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During the night, General Wenck reported to the German Supreme Army Command in Fuerstenberg that his XII Army had been forced back along the entire front. According to Wenck, no attack on Berlin was possible. At that point, support from the IX Army could no longer be expected. In the meantime, about 25,000 German soldiers of the IX Army, along with several thousand civilians, succeeded in reaching the lines of the XII Army after breaking out of the Halbe pocket. The casualties on both sides were very high. Nearly 30,000 Germans were buried after the battle in the cemetery at Halbe. About 20,000 soldiers of the Red Army also died trying to stop the breakout; most are buried at a cemetery next to the Baruth-Zossen road. These are the known dead, but the remains of more who died in the battle are found every year, so the total of those who died will never be known. Nobody knows how many civilians died but it could have been as high as 10,000.

2818: 2981: 3593: 3654: 2169: 2512: 2603: 2430: 2248: 423: 411: 399: 250: 239: 228: 175: 61: 2865:. When the old southern flank of the IV Panzer Army had some local successes counter-attacking north against the 1st Ukrainian Front, Hitler unrealistically ordered the IX Army to hold Cottbus and set up a front facing west. Next, they were to attack the Soviet columns advancing north to form a pincer that would meet the IV Panzer Army coming from the south and envelop the 1st Ukrainian Front before destroying it. They were to anticipate a southward attack by the III Panzer Army and be ready to be the southern arm of a pincer attack that would envelop 1st Belorussian Front, which would be destroyed by SS-General 2529: 2327: 2186: 489: 477: 465: 371: 360: 349: 338: 327: 316: 305: 294: 273: 2893:, which was facing the Americans, could move to Berlin because the Americans, already on the Elbe River, were unlikely to move further east. This assumption was based on his viewing of the captured Eclipse documents, which organised the partition of Germany among the Allies. Hitler immediately grasped the idea, and within hours Wenck was ordered to disengage from the Americans and move the XII Army north-east to support Berlin. It was then realised that if the IX Army moved west, it could link up with the XII Army. In the evening Heinrici was given permission to make the link-up. 447: 435: 206: 261: 189: 3642:, declassified archival data gives 81,116 Soviet dead for the operation, including the battles of Seelow Heights and the Halbe. Another 280,251 were reported wounded or sick. The operation also cost the Soviets about 1,997 tanks and self-propelled guns. All losses were considered irrecoverable – i.e. beyond economic repair or no longer serviceable. The Soviets claimed to have captured nearly 480,000 German soldiers, while German research put the number of dead between 92,000 and 100,000. Some 125,000 civilians are estimated to have died during the entire operation. 3448:, Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front started his offensive to the north of Berlin. On 20 April between Stettin and Schwedt, Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front attacked the northern flank of Army Group Vistula, held by the III Panzer Army. By 22 April, the 2nd Belorussian Front had established a bridgehead on the east bank of the Oder that was over 15 km (9 mi) deep and was heavily engaged with the III Panzer Army. On 25 April, the 2nd Belorussian Front broke through III Panzer Army's line around the bridgehead south of Stettin, crossed the 3729:, was the Battle of Berlin's only female HSU recipient for her valorous actions while serving in 1st Rifle Battalion, 63rd Guards Rifle Regiment, 23rd Guards Rifle Division (subordinate to 3rd Shock Army). Additionally, 280 Red Army enlisted personnel earned the Soviet Order of Glory First Class and attained status as Full Cavaliers of the Order of Glory for their heroism during the Battle of Berlin. In Soviet society, Full Cavaliers of the Order of Glory were accorded the same rights and privileges as Heroes of the Soviet Union. 3706: 3215: 3292: 2231: 3507: 3627: 10594: 3674:

came to Europe they saw something very different from Stalinist Russia ... especially Germany. They were really furious, they could not understand why being so rich, Germans came to Russia". Other authors question the narrative of sexual violence by Red Army soldiers being more than what was a sad normality from all sides during the war, including the Western Allies. Nikolai Berzarin, commander of the Red Army in Berlin, quickly introduced penalties up to the death penalty for looting and rape.

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against the Red Army. By 2 May 1945 the Red Army controlled the building entirely. The famous photo of the two soldiers planting the flag on the roof of the building is a re-enactment photo taken the day after the building was taken. To the Soviets the event as represented by the photo became symbolic of their victory demonstrating that the Battle of Berlin, as well as the Eastern Front hostilities as a whole, ended with the total Soviet victory. As the 756th Regiment's commander

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the SS had carried out the blowing up of the protective devices on the Landwehr Canal." A number of workers, on their own initiative, resisted or sabotaged the SS's plan to destroy the city's infrastructure; they successfully prevented the blowing up of the Klingenberg power station, the Johannisthal waterworks, and other pumping stations, railroad facilities, and bridges.

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Between 24 April and 1 May, the IX Army fought a desperate action to break out of the pocket in an attempt to link up with the XII Army. Hitler assumed that after a successful breakout from the pocket, the IX Army could combine forces with the XII Army and would be able to relieve Berlin. There is no

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The successes of the 1st Ukrainian Front during the first nine days of the battle meant that by 25 April, they were occupying large swathes of the area south and south-west of Berlin. Their spearheads had met elements of the 1st Belorussian Front west of Berlin, completing the investment of the city.

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was named as Heinrici's interim replacement until Student could arrive and assume control. There remains some confusion as to who was in command, as some references say that Student was captured by the British and never arrived. Regardless of whether von Tippelskirch or Student was in command of Army

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advancing from north of Berlin. Later in the day, when Steiner explained that he did not have the divisions to achieve this, Heinrici made it clear to Hitler's staff that unless the IX Army retreated immediately, it would be enveloped by the Soviets. He stressed that it was already too late for it to

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On 20 April 1945, Hitler's 56th birthday, Soviet artillery of the 1st Belorussian Front began shelling Berlin and did not stop until the city surrendered. The weight of ordnance delivered by Soviet artillery during the battle was greater than the total tonnage dropped by Western Allied bombers on the

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German estimate (Müller) based on incomplete archival data: 92,000 for Seelow, Halbe and inside Berlin; 100,000 for the whole Berlin area. For information about the genesis of the "Das Deutsch Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg" project under the Military History Research Office of the Bundeswehr, refer

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of Berlin was consolidated, with leading Soviet units probing and penetrating the S-Bahn defensive ring. By the end of the day, it was clear that the German defence of the city could not do anything but temporarily delay the capture of the city by the Soviets, since the decisive stages of the battle

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On 22 April 1945, at his afternoon situation conference, Hitler fell into a tearful rage when he realised that his plans, prepared the previous day, could not be achieved. He declared that the war was lost, blaming the generals for the defeat and that he would remain in Berlin until the end and then

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programme that Red Army soldiers were astounded when they reached Germany. "For the first time in their lives, eight million Soviet people came abroad, the Soviet Union was a closed country. All they knew about foreign countries was there was unemployment, starvation and exploitation. And when they

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On the night of 2–3 May, General von Manteuffel, commander of the III Panzer Army along with General von Tippelskirch, commander of the XXI Army, surrendered to the US Army. Von Saucken's II Army, that had been fighting north-east of Berlin in the Vistula Delta, surrendered to the Soviets on 9 May.

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situated to the north of Berlin retreated westwards under relentless pressure from Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front, and was eventually pushed into a pocket 32 km (20 mi) wide that stretched from the Elbe to the coast. To their west was the British 21st Army Group (which on 1 May broke

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The city's food supplies had been largely destroyed on Hitler's orders. 128 of the 226 bridges had been blown up and 87 pumps rendered inoperative. "A quarter of the subway stations were under water, flooded on Hitler's orders. Thousands and thousands who had sought shelter in them had drowned when

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During the early hours of 1 May, Krebs talked to General Chuikov, commander of the Soviet 8th Guards Army, informing him of Hitler's death and a willingness to negotiate a citywide surrender. They could not agree on terms because of Soviet insistence on unconditional surrender and Krebs' claim that

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During the months preceding to the battle, as the Red Army began its offensives into Germany proper, the STAVKA recognised the potential for lapses in discipline among vengeful troops as the Red Army began offensives in Germany proper in the months preceding the battle, and were able to check such

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In those areas that the Red Army had captured and before the fighting in the centre of the city had stopped, the Soviet authorities took measures to start restoring essential services. Almost all transport in and out of the city had been rendered inoperative, and bombed-out sewers had contaminated

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and were made up of men from the officer training schools, making them some of the best units the Germans had in reserve. They covered a distance of about 24 km (15 mi), before being halted at the tip of Lake Schwielow, south-west of Potsdam and still 32 km (20 mi) from Berlin.

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As the perimeter shrank and the surviving defenders fell back, they became concentrated into a small area in the city centre. By now there were about 10,000 German soldiers in the city centre, which was being assaulted from all sides. One of the other main thrusts was along Wilhelmstrasse on which

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was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Army Group Vistula replacing Himmler. Heinrici was one of the best defensive tacticians in the German army, and he immediately started to lay defensive plans. Heinrici correctly assessed that the main Soviet thrust would be made over the Oder River and along the

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succeeded in breaching Soviet lines. Only a handful of those who survived the initial breakout made it to the lines of the Western Allies—most were either killed or captured by the Red Army's outer encirclement forces west of the city. Early in the morning of 2 May, the Soviets captured the Reich

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On 23 April 1945, the Soviet 1st Belorussian Front and 1st Ukrainian Front continued to tighten the encirclement, severing the last link between the German IX Army and the city. Elements of the 1st Ukrainian Front continued to move westward and started to engage the German XII Army moving towards

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Despite Soviet efforts to supply food and rebuild the city, starvation remained a problem. In June 1945, one month after the surrender, the average Berliner was getting only 64 percent of a daily ration of 1,240 Cal (5,200 kJ). Across the city over a million people were without homes.

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in February 1933 and its interior resembled a rubble heap more than a government building. The German troops inside were heavily entrenched, and fierce room-to-room fighting ensued. At that point there was still a large contingent of German soldiers in the basement who launched counter-attacks

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of World War II: almost one million Red Army soldiers and more than 20,000 tanks and artillery pieces were deployed to break through the "Gates to Berlin", which were defended by about 100,000 German soldiers and 1,200 tanks and guns. The Soviet forces led by Zhukov broke through the defensive

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in the south to the Baltic, into an area in front of the Seelow Heights. The 2nd Belorussian Front moved into the positions being vacated by the 1st Belorussian Front north of the Seelow Heights. While this redeployment was in progress, gaps were left in the lines; and the remnants of General

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Having failed to break through to Berlin, Wenck's XII Army made a fighting retreat back towards the Elbe and American lines after providing the IX Army survivors with surplus transport. By 6 May many German Army units and individuals had crossed the Elbe and surrendered to the US Ninth Army.

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and then themselves. Goebbels's death removed the last impediment which prevented Weidling from accepting the terms of unconditional surrender of his garrison, but he chose to delay the surrender until the next morning to allow the planned breakout to take place under the cover of darkness.

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did not believe the Western Allies would hand over territory occupied by them in the post-war Soviet zone, so he began the offensive on a broad front and moved rapidly to meet the Western Allies as far west as possible. But the overriding objective was to capture Berlin. The two goals were

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the city's water supplies. The Soviet authorities appointed local Germans to head each city block, and organised the cleaning-up. The Red Army made a major effort to feed the residents of the city. Most Germans, both soldiers and civilians, were grateful to receive food issued at Red Army

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evidence to suggest that Generals Heinrici, Busse, or Wenck thought that this was even remotely strategically feasible, but Hitler's agreement to allow the IX Army to break through Soviet lines allowed many German soldiers to escape to the west and surrender to the United States Army.

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had already been fought and lost by the Germans outside the city. By that time, Schörner's offensive, initially successful, had mostly been thwarted, although he did manage to inflict significant casualties on the opposing Polish and Soviet units, slowing down their progress.

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Elsewhere, the 2nd Belorussian Front had established a bridgehead 15 km (9 mi) deep on the west bank of the Oder and was heavily engaged with the III Panzer Army. The IX Army had lost Cottbus and was being pressed from the east. A Soviet tank spearhead was on the

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Request immediate report. Firstly of the whereabouts of Wenck's spearheads. Secondly of time intended to attack. Thirdly of the location of the IX Army. Fourthly of the precise place in which the IX Army will break through. Fifthly of the whereabouts of General

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as the commander of the Berlin Defence Area, replacing Lieutenant General Reymann. Meanwhile, by 24 April 1945 elements of 1st Belorussian Front and 1st Ukrainian Front had completed the encirclement of the city. Within the next day, 25 April 1945, the Soviet

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At some point on 28 April or 29 April, General Heinrici, Commander-in-Chief of Army Group Vistula, was relieved of his command after disobeying Hitler's direct orders to hold Berlin at all costs and never order a retreat, and was replaced by General

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The capital was now within range of field artillery. A Soviet war correspondent, in the style of World War II Soviet journalism, gave the following account of an important event which took place on 22 April 1945 at 08:30 local time:

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Group Vistula, the rapidly deteriorating situation that the Germans faced meant that Army Group Vistula's coordination of the armies under its nominal command during the last few days of the war was of little significance.

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The 350-strong garrison of the Zoo flak tower left the building. There was sporadic fighting in a few isolated buildings where some SS troops still refused to surrender, but the Soviets reduced such buildings to rubble.

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which continued to resist in Czechoslovakia. There were a number of small battles and skirmishes involving small bodies of men, but no other large scale fighting that resulted in the death of thousands of people. (See

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On 19 April, the fourth day, the 1st Belorussian Front broke through the final line of the Seelow Heights and nothing but broken German formations lay between them and Berlin. The 1st Ukrainian Front, having captured

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city. While the 1st Belorussian Front advanced towards the east and north-east of the city, the 1st Ukrainian Front pushed through the last formations of the northern wing of Army Group Centre and passed north of

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complementary because possession of the zone could not be won quickly unless Berlin was taken. Another consideration was that Berlin itself held useful post-war strategic assets, including Adolf Hitler and the

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On the night of 1/2 May, most of the remnants of the Berlin garrison attempted to break out of the city centre in three different directions. Only those that went west through the Tiergarten and crossed the

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By the next day, 30 April, the Soviets had solved their bridging problems and with artillery support at 06:00 they launched an attack on the Reichstag, but because of German entrenchments and support from

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in the south. By the end of the day, the German eastern front line north of Frankfurt around Seelow and to the south around Forst had ceased to exist. These breakthroughs allowed the two Soviet Fronts to

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Chancellery. General Weidling surrendered with his staff at 06:00 hours. He was taken to see General Vasily Chuikov at 08:23, where Weidling ordered the city's defenders to surrender to the Soviets.

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Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Band 10/1: Der Zusammenbruch des Deutschen Reiches 1945 und die Folgen des Zweiten Weltkrieges – Teilbd 1: Die militärische Niederwerfung der Wehrmacht

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On the morning of 7 May, the perimeter of the XII Army's bridgehead began to collapse. Wenck crossed the Elbe under small arms fire that afternoon and surrendered to the American Ninth Army.

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During the early hours of 30 April, Weidling informed Hitler in person that the defenders would probably exhaust their ammunition during the night. Hitler granted him permission to attempt a

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upstream. Behind the plain on the plateau, the engineers built three belts of defensive emplacements reaching back towards the outskirts of Berlin (the lines nearer to Berlin were called the

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on 28 April. General Kurt von Tippelskirch was named as Heinrici's interim replacement until Student could arrive and assume control. Student was captured by the British and never arrived (

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and the 1st Guards Tank Army fought their way through the southern suburbs and attacked Tempelhof Airport, just inside the S-Bahn defensive ring, where they met stiff resistance from the

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A number of sources cited in this article derive their casualty numbers from Krivosheev's archival work. They include Hamilton, who uses the figure of 361,367 without further breakdown (

3254:, but a Waffen-SS counter-attack forced the Soviets to withdraw from the building. To the south-west the 8th Guards Army attacked north across the Landwehr canal into the Tiergarten. 3551:. Wenck's XII Army, obeying Hitler's command of 22 April, was attempting to force its way into Berlin from the south-west but met stiff resistance from 1st Ukrainian Front around 1323: 3152:'s 3rd Guards Tank Army (part of the 1st Ukrainian Front)—were forced back towards the centre, taking up new defensive positions around Hermannplatz. Krukenberg informed General 1318: 1303: 6777:Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 7 мая 2007 г. N 68-ФЗ "О Знамени Победы" (Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2007 N 68 -FZ "On the Banner of Victory") 6419: 2765:

against German positions inside Berlin on the nights of 15 April (105 bombers), 17 April (61 bombers), 18 April (57 bombers), 19 April (79 bombers), and 20 April (78 bombers).

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had failed, and a counter-attack by the Red Army took back in 24 hours everything the Germans had taken ten days to gain. On 30 March, the Soviets entered Austria; and in the

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Canal by the evening of 24 April. During the same period, of all the German forces ordered to reinforce the inner defences of the city by Hitler, only a small contingent of

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move north-west to Berlin and would have to retreat west. Heinrici went on to say that if Hitler did not allow it to move west, he would ask to be relieved of his command.

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arrived in Berlin. During 25 April, Krukenberg was appointed as the commander of Defence Sector C, the sector under the most pressure from the Soviet assault on the city.

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that there might yet be a falling out among the Allies and that Berlin would be saved at the last moment, as had happened once before when Berlin was threatened (see the

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Tank Armies were heading north-east towards Berlin while other armies headed west towards a section of the United States Army's front line south-west of Berlin on the

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The Soviets later estimated the number as 180,000, but this included many unarmed men in uniform, such as railway officials and members of the Reich Labour Service (

680: 4104:, p. 670). Due to deprivations suffered by the civilian population, some women secured the necessities of life by engaging in varying degrees of coerced sex ( 8854: 10712: 8457: 8429: 7573: 3200:. The foreign contingents of the SS fought particularly hard, because they were ideologically motivated and they believed that they would not live if captured. 2682: 10495: 9174: 8861: 7995: 1257: 9477: 8840: 8149: 7774: 3148:) that were defending the south-east, now facing five Soviet armies—from east to west, the 5th Shock Army, the 8th Guards Army, the 1st Guards Tank Army and 1328: 8490: 8436: 7622: 3115: 5216:, p. 336, quoting General Mohnke directly refers to the smaller centre government quarter/district in this area and under his command as Z-Zitadelle. 2314: 8947: 8443: 8059: 3073: 3725:

Zhukov and Konev received their third and second HSU awards respectively, for their roles in the battle's outcome. Combat medic Guards Senior Sergeant

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Although all sources agree that rapes occurred, the numbers put forward are estimates. A frequently quoted number is that 100,000 women in Berlin were

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The sector in which most of the fighting in the overall offensive took place was the Seelow Heights, the last major defensive line outside Berlin. The

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On 12 April 1945, Hitler, who had earlier decided to remain in the city against the wishes of his advisers, heard the news that the American President

1333: 8833: 8280: 8156: 2758:. The cost to the Soviet forces had been very high, with over 2,807 tanks lost between 1 and 19 April, including at least 727 at the Seelow Heights. 6869: 8133: 7513: 193: 8570: 7882: 3771: 1926: 3176:). The Soviet advance to the city centre was along these main axes: from the south-east, along the Frankfurter Allee (ending and stopped at the 1989:(but unknown to the Soviet Union, by the time of the Battle of Berlin, the bulk of the uranium and most of the scientists had been evacuated to 103: 8389: 7691: 10388: 3547:, on the Elbe River. These manoeuvres had broken the German forces south of Berlin into three parts. The German IX Army was surrounded in the 9181: 9144: 9121: 8642: 7564: 7534: 673: 8896: 6089: 1877:. Three German divisions' attempts to relieve the encircled Hungarian capital city failed, and Budapest fell to the Soviets on 13 February. 9274: 9130: 9114: 9086: 8334: 7541: 7098:

The British Garrison Berlin 1945–1994: Nowhere to Go ... a Pictorial Historiography of the British Military Occupation / Presence in Berlin

3609:, came under heavy Soviet artillery bombardment and was compressed into an area eight by two kilometres (five by one and a quarter miles). 7287: 3283:"... the Supreme High Command ... and the entire Soviet People order you to erect the victory banner on the roof above Berlin". 10031: 9098: 9010: 8954: 8917: 8199: 1639: 6575: 3196:. The Reichstag, the Moltke bridge, Alexanderplatz, and the Havel bridges at Spandau saw the heaviest fighting, with house-to-house and 9003: 7735: 3231: 2951:

I noted the time. It was exactly 8:30 a.m. on 22 April. Ninety-six shells fell in the centre of Berlin in the course of a few minutes.

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During and immediately following the assault, in many areas of the city, vengeful Soviet troops (often rear echelon units) engaged in

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Known for unrelenting brutality; ordered the immediate hanging of all deserters, even in the final days of the war; served time for

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Bellamy states that most of the rapes occurred between 23 April and 8 May, after which the number of rapes gradually subsided (

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The forces available to General Weidling for the city's defence included roughly 45,000 soldiers in several severely depleted

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Captured prisoners included many unarmed men in uniform, such as railway officials and members of the Reich Labour Service (

3653: 1697:. The first defensive preparations at the outskirts of Berlin were made on 20 March, under the newly appointed commander of 10285: 9692: 9578: 8743: 8210: 8206: 8184: 7788: 6499: 3555:. Schörner's Army Group Centre was forced to withdraw from the Battle of Berlin, along its lines of communications towards 3312: 2929:, barricades, mines, traps, suicide squads with grenades clutched in their hands—all are swept aside before the tidal wave. 842: 707: 10677: 10200: 9664: 8996: 8982: 8195: 3246:. At dawn the Soviets pressed on with their assault in the south-east. After very heavy fighting they managed to capture 1915: 1098: 808: 712: 7048:

Originally published in "World War II" at Suite101.com on 1 May 1999. Revised edition published in "Articles On War" at

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River for future operations, but the depleted German forces had been given an impossible task. By 16 March, the German

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Some 1.1 million Soviet personnel who took part in the capture of Berlin from 22 April to 2 May 1945 were awarded the

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and their bodies were cremated not far from the bunker. In accordance with Hitler's last will and testament, Admiral

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and started to fan out into the surrounding streets and buildings. The initial assaults on buildings, including the

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Gareev, Makhmut; Tretiak, Ivan; Rzheshevsky, Oleg (21 July 2005), "Насилие над фактами" [Abuse of Facts],

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he lacked authorisation to agree to that. Goebbels was against surrender. In the afternoon, Goebbels and his wife

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if both armies attempted to occupy the city at once. The major Western Allied contribution to the battle was the

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on 8 May (9 May in the Soviet Union) as some German units fought westward so that they could surrender to the

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bombed the German capital, ending on the night of 20/21 April 1945 just before the Soviets entered the city.

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insisted on a counter-attack to recapture the Drau-Danube triangle. The goal was to secure the oil region of

1789: 1298: 1281: 1205: 1195: 1085: 837: 3868:

Initial Soviet estimates had placed the total strength at 1 million men, but this was an overestimate (

1397: 10606: 10502: 9877: 9838: 8757: 8592: 8577: 8504: 8483: 8301: 7979: 7765: 7758: 7742: 7453: 7412: 7384: 3886: 3776: 2734: 2697: 2005: 1721: 1462: 1308: 1158: 913: 876: 781: 690: 48: 7049: 6972:

Battle for Berlin End of the Third Reich Ballantine's Illustrated History of World War II (Battle Book #6)

2168: 10569: 9893: 9845: 9463: 9435: 9288: 8903: 8882: 8403: 8066: 7972: 7462: 4070:, p. 372). Beevor lists the casualties as 78,291 killed and 274,184 wounded for a total of 352,475 ( 4041: 4028: 3990: 3960: 3722: 3556: 2998: 2901:

River to the east of Berlin, and another had at one point penetrated the inner defensive ring of Berlin.

1764: 1737: 2511: 10776: 10736: 10627: 10367: 9863: 9782: 9727: 9615: 9571: 9221: 8847: 8771: 8673: 8550: 8422: 8415: 8375: 8348: 8080: 8013: 7608: 7419: 7349: 7327: 6367: 3568: 3524: 3342: 2754:

in a large pocket west of Frankfurt. Attempts by the 9th Army to break out to the west resulted in the

1890: 1813: 1682: 1625: 1405: 1377: 1190: 1152: 918: 3580: 10731: 10269: 10186: 9971: 9831: 9803: 9636: 9541: 9331: 8764: 7838: 7492: 6108: 3790: 3585: 3395: 3157: 1185: 793: 761: 736: 556: 8036: 10781: 10741: 10008: 9985: 9237: 9038: 9031: 8695: 8355: 8327: 8320: 7707: 6859: 6386: 6324:

Onward to Berlin!: Red Army Valor in World War II – The Full Cavaliers of the Soviet Order of Glory

6154: 3751: 3718: 3717:

All told, 402 Red Army personnel were bestowed the USSR's highest degree of distinction, the title

3540: 3481: 3337:, was pounded by large concentrations of Soviet artillery. The remaining German Tiger tanks of the 2858: 2850: 2741:. With these advances, the Soviet forces drove a wedge between Army Group Vistula in the north and 2718: 2259: 2136: 1350: 1104: 896: 265: 8052: 8029: 60: 10430: 10374: 10244: 10104: 9789: 9442: 9338: 9244: 8812: 8680: 8650: 8614: 8599: 8471: 8363: 8341: 8287: 8273: 8255: 7919: 7700: 7428: 7377: 7101: 3510:

2nd Lt. William Robertson, US Army and Lt. Alexander Sylvashko, Red Army, shown in front of sign

3457: 3406:

On the evening of 29 April, Krebs contacted General Alfred Jodl (Supreme Army Command) by radio:

3320: 3165: 2870: 2441: 1569: 1490: 1163: 980: 942: 930: 813: 798: 515: 283: 7277: 3251: 2064: 10122: 10015: 9817: 9768: 9671: 9564: 9534: 9317: 9205: 8931: 8722: 8313: 8294: 8264: 7811: 7781: 4112: 3350: 2267: 1922: 1793: 1058: 1031: 908: 751: 243: 149: 6438: 6435:

Two Soldiers, Two Lost Fronts: German War Diaries of the Stalingrad and North Africa Campaigns

3189: 2123:

The three Soviet fronts had altogether 2.5 million men (including 78,556 soldiers of the

1820:

River; and, from Warsaw, a three-day operation on a broad front, which incorporated four army

10613: 10336: 10179: 10075: 10045: 10001: 9741: 9706: 9699: 9622: 9520: 8961: 8938: 8785: 8396: 7933: 7673: 7659: 7342: 6941: 6907: 6557: 6243:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000

6079: 3759: 3468: 3399: 2962: 2890: 2080: 2072: 1957: 1937:

and saw no further need to suffer casualties by attacking a city that would be in the Soviet

1905: 1785: 1733: 1550: 1435: 1036: 1025: 776: 534: 415: 403: 342: 8231: 3859:

as commander of Berlin who only held the post for one day having taken command from Reymann.

2846: 2548: 353: 10761: 10437: 10292: 9943: 9900: 9870: 9796: 9606: 9585: 8511: 7988: 7666: 7066: 6194: 3669:

and murder. Oleg Budnitskii, historian at the Higher School of Economics in Moscow, told a

3574: 3193: 3185: 3181: 3161: 3099: 2811: 2803: 2791: 2751: 2726: 2363: 2205: 2093: 2089: 1930: 1694: 1671: 1563: 1556: 1286: 1091: 973: 924: 730: 451: 152: 3102:

assaulted Berlin from the south-east and, after overcoming a counter-attack by the German

1743:, advancing from the east and north, started shelling Berlin's city centre, while Marshal 756: 8: 10653: 10555: 10329: 10207: 10163: 9685: 8819: 8585: 8112: 7942: 7926: 7875: 6993: 6987: 6806: 6590: 4003: 3964: 3744: 3709:

Soviet soldier's graffito made on a historical French gun in Berlin: "Ivan Desyateryk of

3639: 3334: 3300: 3197: 2949:

Then came the tremendous words of command: 'Open fire on the capital of Fascist Germany.'

2705:

positions, having suffered about 30,000 dead, while 12,000 German personnel were killed.

2613: 2109: 1938: 1829: 1821: 1748: 1168: 1134: 1079: 427: 3364: 3038: 2806:

advanced nearly 50 km (31 mi) north of Berlin and then attacked south-west of

2020:. He decided not to try to defend the banks of the Oder with anything more than a light 1953:

launched very large daytime raids on Berlin and, for 36 nights in succession, scores of

1781:

members. Over the course of the next week, the Red Army gradually took the entire city.

10548: 10381: 10306: 10260: 10230: 10138: 9978: 9643: 9527: 9421: 9372: 9310: 9066: 9017: 8826: 8450: 8105: 7903: 7265: 7025: 6399: 6260: 3584:

attacked from the south-west toward the direction of Berlin. They were part of Wenck's

3453: 3341:

battalion took up positions in the east of the Tiergarten to defend the centre against

2944: 2926: 2854: 2790:, the 2nd Belorussian Front attacked the northern flank of Army Group Vistula, held by 2747: 2338: 2025: 1998: 1859: 1844: 1698: 1613: 1593: 1469: 1415: 1178: 1139: 1119: 1114: 1012: 787: 469: 7240: 4044:

in February 1944; following war, replaced Zhukov as commander of Soviet ground forces.

2139:(nicknamed 'Stalin's Organ'), and 95,383 motor vehicles, many manufactured in the US. 1850: 10539: 10423: 10313: 10253: 10214: 10147: 10129: 10095: 10038: 9992: 9936: 9761: 9499: 9491: 9428: 9281: 8875: 8407: 7868: 7847: 7557: 7220: 7202: 7181: 7154: 7148: 7131: 7115: 7105: 7029: 6945: 6919: 6889: 6845: 6810: 6741: 6723: 6705: 6678: 6660: 6642: 6598: 6565: 6521: 6503: 6478: 6460: 6442: 6405: 6371: 6349: 6327: 6309: 6291: 6279: 6266: 6246: 6228: 6198: 6176: 6158: 6136: 6114: 6065: 6061: 3921: 3815: 3338: 3122: 3069: 3046: 2932: 2742: 2540: 2346: 2037: 2017: 2012: 1874: 1752: 1702: 1597: 1386: 1063: 891: 481: 298: 6838: 3705: 3214: 10458: 10395: 10059: 9824: 9810: 9713: 9650: 9601: 9414: 9267: 9214: 9024: 8975: 8889: 8119: 8096: 7629: 7309: 7257: 7017: 6975: 6958: 6934: 3913: 3882: 3810: 3781: 3726: 3631: 3597: 3428: 3291: 3280: 3103: 3087: 2975: 2957: 2762: 2730: 2084: 1894: 1855: 1756: 1338: 1217: 1200: 1173: 1109: 1017: 870: 859: 832: 824: 803: 746: 375: 364: 331: 17: 7638: 3303:

through the encircling Red Army lines. That afternoon, Hitler and Braun committed

380: 10665: 10481: 10193: 10108: 10066: 9964: 9907: 9775: 9557: 9548: 9077: 8659: 8635: 7889: 7317: 6760: 6612: 6541: 4584: 4116: 3626: 3501: 3304: 3276: 3259: 3133: 3095: 2918: 2862: 2795: 2755: 2710: 2196: 2132: 2117: 2045: 2001: 1954: 1725: 1544: 1445: 1355: 1222: 1129: 991: 956: 881: 771: 439: 10593: 4111:

behaviour to a certain extent. In a 27 January order near the conclusion of the

1910: 10641: 10488: 10024: 9950: 8002: 7861: 7194: 6796: 3917: 3698: 3271: 3263: 3177: 3129: 3091: 3042: 2838: 2799: 2714: 2701: 2053: 2029: 1934: 1293: 935: 766: 320: 7321: 7199:

The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949

7021: 3721:(HSU), for their valor in Berlin's immediate suburbs and in the city itself. 3606: 3480:), to their east Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front and to the south was the 3308: 2230: 10725: 10299: 8224: 8073: 7912: 7169: 7143: 7119: 6132: 6104: 4596: 3856: 3800: 3506: 3412: 3325: 3227: 3149: 3107: 3013: 3009: 2940: 2886: 2866: 2829: 2449: 2372: 2113: 2076: 2049: 1981: 1942: 1740: 1425: 568: 309: 232: 118: 105: 5057:, p. 160 states "officially" it was the next morning of 24 April 1945; 3916:

on 6–11 May 1945, when the Red Army, with the help of Polish, Romanian, and

3295:

Front lines 1 May (pink = Allied occupied territory; red = area of fighting)

10598: 10402: 8702: 8607: 8238: 7601: 7365: 7248:

Shepardson, Donald E. (1998), "The Fall of Berlin and the Rise of a Myth",

7008:

Ziemke, Earl F. (1983), "Germany and World War II: The Official History?",

6491: 6395: 6220: 6084: 3839: 3754:

is held each year on 2 May, the last day of the battle in Berlin, when the

3647: 3605:

Meanwhile, the XII Army's bridgehead, with its headquarters in the park of

3548: 3424: 3045:

the Battle Commander for the central government district that included the

3018: 2722: 2602: 2528: 2429: 2326: 2247: 2185: 1994: 1977: 1878: 1825: 1778: 1729: 1709: 1663: 1518: 1514: 1495: 1478: 1457: 886: 572: 488: 476: 464: 422: 410: 398: 370: 359: 348: 337: 326: 315: 304: 293: 278: 272: 249: 238: 227: 211: 180: 97: 52: 6775: 3805: 3694: 1968: 1804: 10237: 10223: 9885: 8561: 8382: 8367: 7721: 7043: 6864: 3952: 3820: 3514:

symbolizing the historic meeting of the Soviet and American Armies, near

3485: 3033: 2989: 2882: 2585: 2068: 2021: 1882: 1755:

and advanced towards the southern suburbs of Berlin. On 23 April General

1539: 1534: 1530: 10660: 3980:

status, contributed to the assemblage of historical accounts of the war.

1836:, drawing up on a line 60 km (37 mi) east of Berlin along the 9592: 9345: 9324: 8217: 7550: 7478: 7128:

The Road to Berlin: Continuing the History of Stalin's War with Germany

4115:, Marshal Konev supplied a long list of commanders to be reassigned to 4020: 3956: 3885:

that were at the start of the battle part of the German IX Army on the

3686: 3267: 3024: 2823: 2807: 2624: 2105: 1990: 1773: 1744: 1717: 577: 567:

In the Berlin Defence Area: about 45,000 soldiers, supplemented by the

254: 7269: 9855: 9260: 9057: 8868: 8666: 8621: 6287: 3939: 3670: 3461: 3243: 3004: 2779: 2713:

the day before, fanned out into open country. One powerful thrust by

2128: 1863: 1768: 1693:. On 9 March, Germany established its defence plan for the city with 902: 8142: 6421:

The Soviet-German War 1941–1945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay

5208:, p. 304, states the centre sector was known as Z for Zentrum; 3477: 2810:. The Soviet plan was to encircle Berlin first and then envelop the 2778:, well over halfway to the American front line on the river Elbe at 2700:, fought over four days from 16 until 19 April, was one of the last 2306: 1862:, but this had failed by 24 February. The Red Army then drove on to 1833: 8126: 7854: 7261: 3532: 3489: 2904: 2775: 2004:

commander of the Berlin Defence Area, replacing Lieutenant General

1866:, clearing the right bank of the Oder River, thereby reaching into 1760: 1686: 1235: 6191:

Bagration to Berlin – The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945

6306:

Storming the Beast's Lair: Red Army Valor in the Battle of Berlin

3666: 3552: 3368: 3247: 2842: 2787: 2783: 2101: 2057: 1867: 1689:

had temporarily halted on a line 60 km (37 mi) east of

1579: 4717: 3690:

Victory Banner raised on the roof of the Reichstag on 1 May 1945

3472:

out of its Elbe bridgehead and had raced to the coast capturing

658: 537:

and assault on the Berlin Defence Area: about 1,500,000 soldiers

20:, the ending phase of the battle which occurred inside the city. 8736: 7334: 6457:

Jews, Germans, and Allies: Close Encounters in Occupied Germany

5773: 4007: 3710: 3544: 3515: 3473: 3111: 2097: 1898: 1886: 1690: 446: 434: 93: 6827:[The Berlin Operation of 1945: Discussion Continues], 5163: 4901: 4899: 4841: 4002:

One of the USSR's most effective and decorated leaders during

2412: 1927:

Supreme Commander [Western] Allied Expeditionary Force

10671: 8924: 5674: 5395: 5153: 5151: 3657:

Red Army soldiers celebrating the capture of Berlin, May 1945

2898: 2033: 1976:

The Soviet offensive into central Germany, what later became

1817: 6595:

Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century

5877: 5555: 5553: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5383: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4734: 4732: 4524: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4287: 4285: 3440:

While the 1st Belorussian Front and the 1st Ukrainian Front

3140:

Division. But by 27 April, the two understrength divisions (

3032:

had been in the army as young men and some were veterans of

2067:

in East Prussia fell to the Red Army. This freed up Marshal

32:

Last major offensive of the European theatre of World War II

5325: 5323: 5321: 5053:, p. 286 states the appointment was on 23 April 1945; 4896: 4196: 4024: 2738: 1837: 7084:– Includes the Order of Battle for the Battle for Berlin ( 6904:

The Soviet Air Force in World War II: the Official History

5901: 5865: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5809: 5662: 5650: 5514: 5502: 5419: 5335: 5148: 4500: 4382: 4380: 4119:

for looting, drunkenness, and excesses against civilians (

3989:

Politically rehabilitated after the war and served as the

3938:

Politically rehabilitated after the war and served in the

7283: 5937: 5763: 5761: 5628: 5626: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5577: 5550: 5459: 5444:, p. 391, 4 am, for Krebs' meeting with Chuikov 5359: 5308: 5306: 5243: 5231: 5187: 5175: 4935: 4795: 4729: 4353: 4297: 4282: 3977: 3419:

In the early morning of 30 April, Jodl replied to Krebs:

2075:

to move west to the east bank of the Oder river. Marshal

6475:

Bloody Streets: The Soviet Assault on Berlin, April 1945

5889: 5843: 5841: 5785: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5318: 5100: 5061:, p. 228 gives 26 April for Weidling's appointment. 5005: 5003: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4761: 4759: 4707: 4705: 4464: 4404: 4319: 4317: 4270: 3701:

raised on the top of Berlin Victory Column on 2 May 1945

6262:

The Decline and Fall of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan

6033: 5925: 5913: 5821: 5347: 5064: 5022: 5020: 5018: 4952: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4744: 4690: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4632: 4377: 4365: 4248: 4246: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4169: 4167: 4165: 7996:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

6916:

Conquerors' Road: An Eyewitness Report of Germany 1945

6437:(illustrated ed.), Casemate Publishers, pp. 5961: 5949: 5853: 5797: 5758: 5746: 5734: 5722: 5710: 5698: 5686: 5638: 5623: 5589: 5565: 5538: 5526: 5490: 5478: 5447: 5407: 5371: 5303: 5291: 5279: 4560: 4548: 4488: 4440: 4186: 4184: 4182: 3747:

was defined by a federal law of Russia on 7 May 2007.

2937:'What are the targets?' I asked the battery commander. 2881:

In an attempt to coax Hitler out of his rage, General

10625: 5997: 5838: 5606: 5267: 5255: 5219: 5124: 5112: 5088: 5076: 5000: 4964: 4923: 4911: 4853: 4829: 4783: 4771: 4756: 4702: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4620: 4608: 4572: 4512: 4476: 4314: 4258: 6989:

The U.S. Army in the occupation of Germany 1944–1946

6558:"Boje polskie 1939–1945: przewodnik encyklopedyczny" 6401:

When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler

6009: 5985: 5973: 5136: 5032: 5015: 4988: 4884: 4872: 4812: 4661: 4416: 4392: 4341: 4329: 4243: 4208: 4162: 3630:

A devastated street in the city centre just off the

3172:

would have to fall back to the centre sector Z (for

3008:

divisions. These divisions were supplemented by the

2083:, which had been deployed along the Oder river from 6825:Берлинская операция 1945 г.: дискуссия продолжается 6173:

Absolute war: Soviet Russia in the Second World War

4976: 4536: 4452: 4428: 4231: 4179: 4150: 3068:. To the south-east of the city and to the east of 2956:Berlin. On this same day, Hitler appointed General 1808:

Main thrusts of the Red Army and its eastern allies

10772:Battles of World War II involving the Soviet Union 6933: 6837: 6021: 4644: 4081: 3832: 2853:) in the 1st Ukrainian Front region, engaging the 7314:– Alternative account of crimes against civilians 6080:"They raped every German female from eight to 80" 1908:had died. This briefly raised false hopes in the 1759:assumed command of the forces within Berlin. The 10723: 6736:Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan Reed (2000), 6348:] (in German), München: Bertelsmann Verlag, 3892: 3881:A large number of the 45,000 were troops of the 3423:Firstly, Wenck's spearhead bogged down south of 3262:2 km (1.2 mi) away on the roof of the 2827:, the German home defence militia, armed with a 4047: 3912:The last offensive of the European war was the 3772:Medal for Participation in the Battle of Berlin 3279:had stated in his order to Battalion Commander 1763:consisted of several depleted and disorganised 6424:, The Strom Thurmond Institute, archived from 3452:Swamp, and were now free to move west towards 23:For the Royal Air Force bombing campaign, see 7350: 6756:RAF History – Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 6735: 6632: 6518:Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945 6496:Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945 6432: 6390:(in Russian), interviewed by Sergey Turchenko 4723: 4202: 4131: 3906: 2651: 4 guards motorized rifle brigades 2096:, which had been bottled up in a pocket near 1925:to seize the city by a ground operation. The 1633: 1251: 674: 7236:Photos of World War 2 Berlin Locations today 6537:The WW2 Letters of Private Melvin W. Johnson 6433:Gregory, Don A.; Gehlen, William R. (2009), 6211:Budnitskii, Oleg (3 May 2015), "Interview", 3929:for details on these final days of the war.) 3875: 2677: 1848: 6822: 4135: 4060: 3441: 3203: 1812:On 12 January 1945, the Red Army began the 1313: 7357: 7343: 6857: 6654: 6610: 6589: 6555: 6240: 6210: 6077: 6039: 5931: 5919: 5815: 5791: 5779: 5680: 5668: 5353: 4905: 4308: 4291: 3862: 3222:In the early hours of 29 April the Soviet 2908:Polish Army on their way to Berlin in 1945 2560: 1 Reichsarbeitsdienst division 2358: 2 motorized infantry divisions 2052:emplacements, and an extensive network of 1712:offensive resumed on 16 April, two Soviet 1640: 1626: 1258: 1244: 681: 667: 10767:Battles of World War II involving Germany 7323:"Fall of Berlin: Stopping the Nazi Heart" 6753: 6454: 6339: 6258: 6245:(2nd ed.), McFarland & Company, 6188: 5943: 5895: 5583: 5559: 5472: 5437: 5058: 4835: 4470: 4276: 3843: 3566:At dawn on 28 April, the youth divisions 3357: 2768: 2761:In the meantime, RAF Mosquitos conducted 2636: 5 infantry divisions (Polish) 2461: 5 infantry divisions (Polish) 1873:In the south, Soviet and Romanian forces 202: 6931: 6515: 6490: 6472: 5401: 5329: 5054: 4750: 4696: 4684: 4638: 4530: 4386: 4075: 4067: 3704: 3693: 3685: 3652: 3625: 3591: 3505: 3388: 3290: 3286: 3213: 3061:. To the north-east of the city was the 3028:. Many of the 40,000 elderly men of the 2979: 2903: 2816: 2681: 2645: 9 guards mechanized brigades 2470: 6 guards mechanized brigades 2313: 2305: 2149:Order of battle for the Battle of Berlin 1967: 1803: 7039:Battle for the Seelow Heights – Part II 6883: 6860:"Iconic Red Army Reichstag Photo Faked" 6722:(in German), Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 6699: 6690: 6675:The Mammoth Book of Eye-witness History 6633:Lavrenov, Sergei; Popov, Igor (2000), 6533: 6361: 6219: 6170: 6015: 5883: 5832: 5389: 5365: 5213: 5209: 5106: 4566: 4554: 4506: 4494: 4446: 4101: 3849: 3379: 2935:I saw batteries preparing to open fire. 2381: 4 panzergrenadier divisions 2279: 1 motorized rifle battalion 2127:), 6,250 tanks, 7,500 aircraft, 41,600 2024:screen. Instead, Heinrici arranged for 10724: 9204: 9182:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 7279:The Battle for Berlin in World War Two 7035: 7007: 6981: 6969: 6957: 6901: 6872:from the original on 13 September 2008 6835: 6717: 6695:, vol. 6, Oxford University Press 6621:from the original on 15 September 2019 6611:Kutylowski, Denny (21 November 2011), 6417: 6394: 6383: 6321: 6303: 6148: 6126: 6103: 6055: 6003: 5991: 5979: 5967: 5955: 5907: 5871: 5859: 5803: 5767: 5752: 5740: 5728: 5716: 5704: 5692: 5656: 5644: 5632: 5617: 5600: 5571: 5544: 5532: 5520: 5508: 5496: 5484: 5453: 5441: 5425: 5413: 5377: 5341: 5312: 5297: 5285: 5273: 5261: 5249: 5237: 5225: 5205: 5193: 5181: 5169: 5157: 5142: 5130: 5118: 5094: 5082: 5070: 5050: 5026: 5009: 4994: 4970: 4958: 4946: 4929: 4917: 4890: 4878: 4866: 4847: 4823: 4806: 4789: 4777: 4765: 4738: 4711: 4672: 4655: 4626: 4614: 4602: 4590: 4578: 4518: 4482: 4458: 4434: 4398: 4359: 4347: 4335: 4323: 4264: 4252: 4237: 4225: 4190: 4173: 4156: 4139: 4105: 4094: 4088: 4071: 4054: 3900: 3869: 3537:69th Infantry Division (United States) 3110:ring railway on the north side of the 2642: 1 guards airborne division 2639: 3 guards cavalry divisions 2482: 2 motorized rifle brigades 2479: 1 armored brigade (Polish) 2464: 3 guards cavalry divisions 10053:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 9485:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 9131:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 9087:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 8192:Rape during the occupation of Germany 7338: 7215:Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1993), 7095: 7075:from the original on 15 February 2020 6913: 6774: 6672: 6278: 6027: 5847: 5440:, p. 239, states 3 am, and 5038: 4422: 4410: 4371: 4120: 3460:and north towards the Baltic port of 3445: 3319:) and Joseph Goebbels became the new 2663: 1 motorized rifle brigade 2063:On 9 April, after a long resistance, 1941:after the war, envisioning excessive 1771:divisions, along with poorly trained 1239: 662: 10678: 9175:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 8207:Rape during the liberation of France 7290:from the original on 4 February 2020 6795: 6759:, RAF, 13 March 2006, archived from 6418:Glantz, David M. (11 October 2001), 6342:Berlin – Eine Stadt wie keine andere 4982: 4542: 3484:which had penetrated as far east as 3083:, was in Berlin's central district. 2654: 1 armored corps (Polish) 2569: 1 anti-aircraft division 2501: 2301: 2276: 7 guards rifle divisions 2158: 2044:position). These lines consisted of 1660:Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation 1265: 7068:Battle for Berlin: April – May 1945 6702:War, Economy and Society, 1939–1945 6564:, Poland: Bellona, pp. 65–67, 6092:from the original on 5 October 2008 3951:Imprisoned and tortured during the 3600:amid the ruins of Berlin, June 1945 3467:The German III Panzer Army and the 3192:and from the north ending near the 3057:. To the north of the city was the 2969: 2931:Drizzling rain began to fall. Near 2566: 1 SS grenadier division 2387: 1 SS grenadier division 1916:Miracle of the House of Brandenburg 512:2,300,000 soldiers (155,900–200,000 13: 9401:German invasion of the Netherlands 7681:Weather events during World War II 7305:By the eyes of a war correspondent 7057: 6858:Sontheimer, Michael (7 May 2008), 6704:, University of California Press, 6578:from the original on 3 August 2021 6562:Wojskowe Biuro Badań Historycznych 4593:, Preface xxxiv, and pp. 138, 325. 2917:On the walls of the houses we saw 2845:highway front line. Field Marshal 2496: 2153: 2142: 14: 10793: 10032:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 7320:, (official channel on YouTube). 7151:: Six Weeks in the Conquered City 6780:(in Russian), rg.ru, 8 May 2007, 6641:] (in Russian), Moscow: ACT, 4128:raped by soldiers of the Red Army 3927:the end of World War II in Europe 3855:Weidling replaced Oberstleutnant 3838:Heinrici was replaced by General 3734:Medal "For the Capture of Berlin" 3242:and, shortly afterwards, married 3210:Raising a Flag over the Reichstag 3188:, from the south ending near the 3074:11th SS Panzergrenadier Division 2648: 3 mechanized brigades 2467: 3 mechanized brigades 1501:Bombing of Berlin in World War II 688: 67:Raising a Flag over the Reichstag 10704: 10687: 10659: 10647: 10635: 10592: 7364: 7330:. 27 June 2010. 26-minute video. 7180:, University of Michigan Press, 7100:, Berlin: Vergangenheitsverlag ( 6784:from the original on 19 May 2011 5431: 3681: 2601: 2584: 2563: 1 SS police division 2527: 2510: 2428: 2411: 2396: 1 parachute division 2378: 5 infantry divisions 2325: 2296: 2246: 2229: 2184: 2167: 1997:). On 6 March, Hitler appointed 1676:European theatre of World War II 1396: 757:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 487: 475: 463: 445: 433: 421: 409: 397: 379: 369: 358: 347: 336: 325: 314: 303: 292: 271: 259: 248: 237: 226: 204: 187: 173: 59: 7250:The Journal of Military History 7178:West Germany Under Construction 6534:Ketchum, M. (6 December 2014), 5199: 5044: 4034: 4013: 4006:; his popularity led a jealous 3996: 3983: 3970: 3955:of 1937; reinstated during the 3945: 3932: 3796:German World War II strongholds 3743:for celebrations of the Soviet 3713:visited Berlin on May 11, 1945" 3367:(a bridge over the Havel) into 2857:and elements of the Red Army's 2390: 1 security division 2108:shifted the main weight of the 1963: 1496:Deportation of Jews from Berlin 25:Battle of Berlin (RAF campaign) 10279:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 7989:Territorial changes of Germany 7897:Indonesian National Revolution 6918:, Cambridge University Press, 6888:, J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, 6823:Rzheshevsky, Oleg A. (2002), 6556:Komorowski, Krzysztof (2009), 6459:, Princeton University Press, 6404:, University Press of Kansas, 6213:The Rape of Berlin (broadcast) 4605:, Ch. 47, loc. 14275 in ebook. 4010:to sideline him after the war. 3787:German Instrument of Surrender 3446:the battle for the city itself 2943:bridges, and the northern and 2557: 3 panzer divisions 2355: 6 panzer divisions 2036:by releasing the water from a 1987:German nuclear weapons program 1685:of January–February 1945, the 621:1,997 tanks and SPGs destroyed 84:(2 weeks and 2 days) 1: 10757:Encirclements in World War II 9679:Japanese invasion of Thailand 9630:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 9394:German invasion of Luxembourg 7775:Mediterranean and Middle East 7166:The Russians and Berlin, 1945 7036:Zuljan, Ralph (1 July 2003), 6540:, KetchCetera, archived from 6473:Hamilton, A. Stephan (2008), 6364:Soldiers of the Leibstandarte 6346:Berlin – A City Like No Other 6078:Beevor, Antony (1 May 2002), 6048: 3993:'s director of civil defense. 3920:forces defeated the parts of 3081:18th Panzergrenadier Division 2384: 1 panzer division 2282: 3 tank battalions 2104:delta. To the south, Marshal 2100:, managed to escape into the 1951:United States Army Air Forces 1949:during 1945. During 1945 the 1799: 9586:Invasion of the Soviet Union 9275:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 8593:Independent State of Croatia 6984:"Chapter 17 Zone and Sector" 6740:, Harvard University Press, 6718:Müller, Rolf-Dieter (2008), 6241:Clodfelter, Micheal (2002), 6189:Bergstrom, Christer (2007), 3777:Soviet Union in World War II 3723:Marshals of the Soviet Union 3621: 3612: 2821:April 1945: a member of the 2698:Battle of the Seelow Heights 2393: 1 Jäger division 2006:Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild 1796:rather than to the Soviets. 1670:, was one of the last major 1463:Assassination of Talat Pasha 16:Not to be confused with the 7: 10570:End of World War II in Asia 10410:Western invasion of Germany 9917:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 9894:Second Battle of El Alamein 9464:Hundred Regiments Offensive 9436:Battle of the Mediterranean 9289:Italian invasion of Albania 7463:Air warfare of World War II 7176:Moeller, Robert G. (1997), 7153:Translated by Anthes Bell, 6639:The Fall of the Third Reich 6265:, New York: Bonanza Books, 6215:, by Ash, Lucy, BBC Radio 4 4042:Marshal of the Soviet Union 4029:Federal Republic of Germany 3991:Federal Republic of Germany 3961:Marshal of the Soviet Union 3765: 3333:the Air Ministry, built of 2657: 4 tank brigades 2473: 7 tank brigades 1580:Federal Republic of Germany 10: 10798: 10496:Naval bombardment of Japan 9864:First Battle of El Alamein 9783:Battle of Christmas Island 9728:Japanese invasion of Burma 9492:Italian invasion of Greece 9408:German invasion of Belgium 9380:German invasion of Denmark 9353:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 9222:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 7486:Comparative military ranks 6368:J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing 6225:Hitler: A Study in Tyranny 3963:for his leadership during 3525:58th Guards Rifle Division 3499: 3207: 2973: 2689: 2572: 2 Kampfgruppen 2217:2 volksgrenadier divisions 2146: 1921:No plans were made by the 1860:attempted a counter-attack 1406:Margraviate of Brandenburg 22: 15: 10585: 10417:Bratislava–Brno offensive 10357: 10348:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 10085: 9972:Allied invasion of Sicily 9926: 9832:Aleutian Islands campaign 9804:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 9751: 9742:Greek famine of 1941–1944 9637:Second Battle of Changsha 9542:German invasion of Greece 9510: 9387:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 9362: 9300: 9195: 9076: 8802: 8712: 8560: 8263: 8254: 8012: 7837: 7729:North and Central Pacific 7690: 7452: 7445: 7372: 7088:The Battle of Berlin 1945 7022:10.1017/S0008938900001266 6963:'The Polish Army, 1939–45 6932:Williams, Andrew (2005), 6700:Milward, Alan S. (1980), 6655:Le Tissier, Tony (2005), 6455:Grossmann, Atina (2009), 6340:Engelmann, Bernt (1986), 6322:Empric, Bruce E. (2017), 6304:Empric, Bruce E. (2019), 6259:Dollinger, Hans (1967) , 6155:Weidenfeld & Nicolson 6129:Berlin: The Downfall 1945 6110:Berlin: The Downfall 1945 4724:Gregory & Gehlen 2009 4203:Murray & Millett 2000 4132:Lavrenov & Popov 2000 3959:of 1939–40; later made a 3791:Berlin Declaration (1945) 3260:12.8 cm FlaK 40 guns 3168:that within 24 hours the 2692:Battle of the Oder–Neisse 2678:Battle of the Oder–Neisse 2633:15 guards rifle divisions 2458:16 guards rifle divisions 2399: 1 Kampfgruppe 2137:Katyusha rocket launchers 1277: 698: 587: 500: 387: 219: 162: 74: 58: 46: 41: 10747:1945 in military history 10009:Allied invasion of Italy 9986:Solomon Islands campaign 9735:Third Battle of Changsha 9332:First Battle of Changsha 9238:Second Sino-Japanese War 8178:German military brothels 8044:United States war crimes 7010:Central European History 6982:Ziemke, Earl F. (1990), 6970:Ziemke, Earl F. (1969), 6824: 6634: 6362:Fischer, Thomas (2008), 6113:, Viking-Penguin Books, 5172:, pp. 291–292, 302. 4850:, pp. 255–256, 262. 3826: 3758:hoisted its flag on the 3719:Hero of the Soviet Union 3541:United States First Army 3495: 3482:United States Ninth Army 3435: 3232:Ministry of the Interior 3218:Battle for the Reichstag 3204:Battle for the Reichstag 3180:); from the south along 2885:speculated that General 2260:Second Belorussian Front 1790:end of the war in Europe 1786:Hitler committed suicide 1666:, and also known as the 530:41,600 artillery pieces. 10431:Second Guangxi campaign 10286:Philippines (1944–1945) 9790:Battle of the Coral Sea 9693:Fall of the Philippines 9339:Battle of South Guangxi 9245:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 8651:Italian Social Republic 7126:Erickson, John (1983), 7096:Durie, William (2012), 7090:, London: Jonathan Cape 7086:Le Tissier, T. (1988), 6836:Simons, Gerald (1982), 6691:McInnis, Edgar (1946), 6673:Lewis, John E. (1998), 6171:Bellamy, Chris (2007), 6149:Beevor, Antony (2012), 6127:Beevor, Antony (2003), 3531:in 1st Ukrainian Front 3458:British 21st Army Group 3321:Chancellor of the Reich 3240:last will and testament 2947:stations,' he answered. 2782:. To the north between 2660:10 guards tank brigades 2476:10 guards tank brigades 2442:First Belorussian Front 2018:main east-west Autobahn 1933:, lost interest in the 1847:, under the command of 1570:Fall of the Berlin Wall 1491:Welthauptstadt Germania 609:280,251 sick or wounded 524:6,250 tanks and SP guns 10752:Berlin in World War II 10016:Armistice of Cassibile 9818:Battle of Dutch Harbor 9769:Battle of the Java Sea 9672:Attack on Pearl Harbor 9572:Syria–Lebanon campaign 9565:Battle of South Shanxi 9535:Invasion of Yugoslavia 9318:Battle of the Atlantic 8932:Korean Liberation Army 8645:(until September 1943) 8602:(until September 1944) 8580:(until September 1944) 7201:, Cambridge: Belknap, 6886:The Leibstandarte IV/2 6884:Tiemann, Ralf (1998), 6516:Hastings, Max (2005), 6284:Red Storm on the Reich 6056:Antill, Peter (2005), 5212:, pp. 42–43, and 4113:Vistula-Oder Offensive 4108:, pp. 149, 153). 3714: 3702: 3691: 3658: 3635: 3601: 3519: 3433: 3417: 3358:Breakout and surrender 3313:President of the Reich 3296: 3219: 3059:9th Parachute Division 3055:20th Infantry Division 2993: 2953: 2909: 2834: 2769:Encirclement of Berlin 2687: 2319: 2311: 2268:Konstantin Rokossovsky 2236:Konstantin Rokossovsky 2135:, 3,255 truck-mounted 2116:and north-west to the 1980:, had two objectives. 1973: 1972:German counter-attacks 1891:Lake Balaton Offensive 1849: 1814:Vistula–Oder Offensive 1809: 1683:Vistula–Oder offensive 1314:Encirclement of Berlin 650:125,000 civilians dead 635:Total: 917,000–925,000 624:2,108 artillery pieces 606:81,116 dead or missing 564:9,303 artillery pieces 244:Konstantin Rokossovsky 220:Commanders and leaders 10180:Second Battle of Guam 10076:Bengal famine of 1943 10046:Second Battle of Kiev 10002:Battle of the Dnieper 9707:Battle of Wake Island 9579:East African campaign 9521:Battle of South Henan 9166:atrocities by Germans 8939:Korean Volunteer Army 7920:Occupation of Germany 7674:Music in World War II 6914:White, Osmar (2003), 6326:, Teufelsberg Press, 6308:, Teufelsberg Press, 5920:Beevor & May 2002 3760:Berlin Victory Column 3708: 3697: 3689: 3656: 3629: 3595: 3509: 3421: 3408: 3400:Kurt von Tippelskirch 3389:Battle outside Berlin 3351:killed their children 3294: 3287:Battle for the centre 3252:Prinz-Albrechtstrasse 3217: 3118:under the command of 2983: 2915: 2907: 2820: 2685: 2615:First Ukrainian Front 2554:13 infantry divisions 2352:15 infantry divisions 2317: 2309: 2147:Further information: 2081:1st Belorussian Front 2073:2nd Belorussian Front 2011:On 20 March, General 1971: 1906:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1807: 1734:1st Belorussian Front 1551:Berlin Crisis of 1961 1436:Free State of Prussia 641:92,000–100,000 killed 588:Casualties and losses 416:2nd Belorussian Front 404:1st Belorussian Front 343:Kurt von Tippelskirch 119:52.51861°N 13.37611°E 82:16 April – 2 May 1945 10466:Surrender of Germany 9944:Battle of West Hubei 9901:Guadalcanal campaign 9871:Battle of Stalingrad 9797:Battle of Madagascar 8571:Albania protectorate 8358:(formerly Swaziland) 8067:Wehrmacht war crimes 7883:Expulsion of Germans 7667:Art and World War II 7565:British contribution 7514:Governments in exile 7164:Kuby, Erich (1968), 6902:Wagner, Ray (1974), 6807:Simon & Schuster 6477:, Helion & Co., 6151:The Second World War 5886:, pp. 660, 670. 5782:, pp. 157, 158. 5404:, pp. 324, 325. 5392:, pp. 799, 800. 5160:, pp. 259, 297. 4533:, pp. 310, 311. 4134:, pp. 374–375; 3872:, pp. 258–259). 3380:Hitler's Nero Decree 3238:, Hitler signed his 3186:Belle-Alliance-Platz 3184:ending north of the 3116:French SS volunteers 3100:1st Guards Tank Army 2804:2nd Guards Tank Army 2792:Hasso von Manteuffel 2370:General of Infantry 2211:4 infantry divisions 2206:Hasso von Manteuffel 2174:Hasso von Manteuffel 2090:Dietrich von Saucken 1728:. On 20 April 1945, 1695:Operation Clausewitz 1658:, designated as the 1564:Tear down this wall! 1557:Ich bin ein Berliner 1361:Brandenburg–Rathenow 516:Polish People's Army 10556:Potsdam Declaration 10445:Italy (Spring 1945) 10208:Liberation of Paris 9665:Siege of Sevastopol 8683:(until August 1944) 8586:Wang Jingwei regime 8408:from September 1943 8368:from September 1944 8306:from September 1944 8166:Romanian war crimes 8157:Persecution of Jews 8143:Croatian war crimes 8113:Japanese war crimes 7927:Occupation of Japan 7876:First Indochina War 7588:Military production 7500:Declarations of war 7219:, London: Pimlico, 6965:, Osprey Publishing 6844:, Time-Life Books, 6635:Крах Третьего рейха 6597:, Greenhill Books, 6428:on 18 February 2015 6175:, Alfred A. Knopf, 5910:, pp. 326–327. 5874:, pp. 388–393. 5659:, pp. 345–346. 5523:, pp. 125–126. 5511:, pp. 383–389. 5428:, pp. 385–386. 5344:, pp. 390–397. 5252:, pp. 371–373. 5240:, pp. 257–258. 5196:, pp. 303–304. 5184:, pp. 246–247. 4949:, pp. 310–312. 4809:, pp. 312–314. 4741:, pp. 217–233. 4726:, pp. 207–208. 4509:, pp. 778–781. 4413:, pp. 176–188. 4362:, pp. 400–405. 3976:After release from 3965:Operation Bagration 3903:, pp. 398–407. 3727:Lyudmila S. Kravets 3640:Grigoriy Krivosheev 3335:reinforced concrete 3198:hand-to-hand combat 3036:. Hitler appointed 2939:'Centre of Berlin, 2837:The command of the 2110:1st Ukrainian Front 1939:sphere of influence 1749:1st Ukrainian Front 1614:Timeline of Berlin 964:Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh 865:Barvenkovo–Lozovaya 603:(operational total) 493:Berlin Defence Area 428:1st Ukrainian Front 266:Stanisław Popławski 153:future East Germany 115: / 10549:Surrender of Japan 10382:Battle of Iwo Jima 10231:Belgrade offensive 9644:Siege of Leningrad 9528:Battle of Shanggao 9457:British Somaliland 9422:Dunkirk evacuation 9373:Norwegian campaign 9311:Invasion of Poland 9138:Japanese prisoners 8106:Italian war crimes 8037:British war crimes 7952:Soviet occupations 7736:South-West Pacific 7623:Allied cooperation 7581:Military equipment 7243:on 14 October 2007 7217:The Fall of Berlin 7195:Naimark, Norman M. 7130:, Westview Press, 6657:Slaughter at Halbe 6280:Duffy, Christopher 5683:, pp. 89, 90. 4374:, pp. 24, 25. 3750:Poland's official 3739:The design of the 3715: 3703: 3692: 3659: 3636: 3602: 3520: 3297: 3220: 3016:in the compulsory 2994: 2910: 2847:Ferdinand Schörner 2835: 2763:tactical air raids 2688: 2630:26 rifle divisions 2549:Ferdinand Schörner 2517:Ferdinand Schörner 2455:54 rifle divisions 2339:Army Group Vistula 2320: 2312: 2273:31 rifle divisions 2203:General of Panzer 1999:Lieutenant General 1974: 1845:Army Group Vistula 1843:The newly created 1810: 1699:Army Group Vistula 1594:History of Germany 1470:Greater Berlin Act 1416:Kingdom of Prussia 1159:Western Carpathian 1099:2nd Jassy–Kishinev 1069:1st Jassy–Kishinev 1054:Leningrad–Novgorod 1049:Dnieper–Carpathian 601:Archival research 470:Army Group Vistula 354:Ferdinand Schörner 124:52.51861; 13.37611 10777:April 1945 events 10737:Conflicts in 1945 10623: 10622: 10581: 10580: 10424:Battle of Okinawa 10323:Burma (1944–1945) 10157:Mariana and Palau 9937:Tunisian campaign 9762:Fall of Singapore 9686:Fall of Hong Kong 9429:Battle of Britain 9282:Operation Himmler 9191: 9190: 8855:Dutch East Indies 8498:Southern Rhodesia 8250: 8249: 8150:Genocide of Serbs 8053:German war crimes 8030:Soviet war crimes 8023:Allied war crimes 7869:Division of Korea 7848:Chinese Civil War 7646:Strategic bombing 7558:Manhattan Project 7233:Sanders, Ian J., 7226:978-0-7126-0695-0 7208:978-0-674-78405-5 7187:978-0-472-06648-3 7159:978-0-8050-7540-3 7149:A Woman in Berlin 7137:978-0-89158-795-8 7111:978-3-86408-068-5 6959:Zaloga, Steven J. 6951:978-0-340-83397-1 6925:978-0-521-53751-3 6895:978-0-921991-40-3 6851:978-0-8094-3406-0 6840:Victory in Europe 6816:978-0-671-40640-0 6747:978-0-674-00680-5 6729:978-3-421-06237-6 6711:978-0-520-03942-1 6684:978-0-7867-0534-4 6666:978-0-7509-3689-7 6617:, Polish Toledo, 6604:978-1-85367-280-4 6591:Krivosheev, G. F. 6571:978-83-7399-353-2 6544:on 3 October 2018 6527:978-0-330-49062-7 6509:978-0-333-90836-5 6484:978-1-906033-12-5 6466:978-0-691-14317-0 6448:978-1-935149-05-7 6411:978-0-7006-0899-7 6377:978-0-921991-91-5 6333:978-1-973498-60-5 6315:978-1-71097-069-2 6297:978-0-415-03589-7 6272:978-0-517-01313-7 6252:978-0-7864-1204-4 6234:978-0-14-013564-0 6227:, Penguin Books, 6204:978-1-903223-91-8 6182:978-0-375-41086-4 6164:978-0-316-02374-0 6142:978-0-14-028696-0 6120:978-0-670-03041-5 6071:978-1-84176-915-8 5368:, pp. 663–7. 5109:, pp. 42–43. 5073:, pp. 92–94. 4961:, pp. 87–88. 4908:, pp. 65–67. 3922:Army Group Centre 3816:Soviet war crimes 3431:on the defensive. 3339:Hermann von Salza 3166:Army high command 3123:Gustav Krukenberg 3070:Tempelhof Airport 3047:Reich Chancellery 2851:Battle of Bautzen 2743:Army Group Centre 2674: 2673: 2541:Army Group Centre 2493: 2492: 2347:Gotthard Heinrici 2310:Gotthard Heinrici 2293: 2292: 2214:3 naval divisions 2198:Third Panzer Army 2079:concentrated his 2046:anti-tank ditches 2013:Gotthard Heinrici 1947:bombing of Berlin 1875:besieged Budapest 1753:Army Group Centre 1703:Gotthard Heinrici 1650: 1649: 1598:History of Europe 1369: 1368: 1233: 1232: 657: 656: 482:Army Group Centre 299:Gotthard Heinrici 158: 157: 10789: 10732:Battle of Berlin 10717: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10700: 10692: 10691: 10690: 10680: 10674:Battle of Berlin 10664: 10663: 10652: 10651: 10650: 10640: 10639: 10638: 10631: 10616: 10609: 10602: 10599:World portal 10597: 10596: 10572: 10565: 10558: 10551: 10542: 10535: 10528: 10519: 10512: 10505: 10498: 10491: 10484: 10475: 10468: 10461: 10459:Prague offensive 10454: 10452:Battle of Berlin 10447: 10440: 10433: 10426: 10419: 10412: 10405: 10398: 10396:Vienna offensive 10391: 10384: 10377: 10375:Battle of Manila 10370: 10350: 10341: 10332: 10325: 10316: 10309: 10302: 10295: 10288: 10281: 10274: 10265: 10256: 10249: 10240: 10233: 10226: 10219: 10210: 10203: 10196: 10189: 10182: 10175: 10168: 10159: 10152: 10143: 10134: 10125: 10118: 10116:Korsun–Cherkassy 10111: 10100: 10078: 10069: 10062: 10055: 10048: 10041: 10034: 10027: 10018: 10011: 10004: 9997: 9988: 9981: 9974: 9967: 9960: 9958:Bombing of Gorky 9953: 9946: 9939: 9919: 9912: 9903: 9896: 9889: 9880: 9873: 9866: 9859: 9848: 9841: 9834: 9827: 9825:Battle of Midway 9820: 9813: 9811:Battle of Gazala 9806: 9799: 9792: 9785: 9778: 9771: 9764: 9744: 9737: 9730: 9723: 9721:Battle of Borneo 9716: 9714:Malayan campaign 9709: 9702: 9695: 9688: 9681: 9674: 9667: 9660: 9658:Bombing of Gorky 9653: 9651:Battle of Moscow 9646: 9639: 9632: 9625: 9618: 9611: 9595: 9588: 9581: 9574: 9567: 9560: 9551: 9544: 9537: 9530: 9523: 9503: 9494: 9487: 9480: 9473: 9466: 9459: 9452: 9445: 9438: 9431: 9424: 9417: 9415:Battle of France 9410: 9403: 9396: 9389: 9382: 9375: 9355: 9348: 9341: 9334: 9327: 9320: 9313: 9291: 9284: 9277: 9270: 9268:Munich Agreement 9263: 9256: 9247: 9240: 9233: 9224: 9217: 9202: 9201: 9184: 9177: 9168: 9161: 9154: 9153:Soviet prisoners 9147: 9140: 9133: 9124: 9117: 9108: 9101: 9094: 9093:German prisoners 9089: 9069: 9060: 9053: 9046: 9041: 9034: 9027: 9020: 9013: 9006: 8999: 8992: 8985: 8978: 8971: 8964: 8957: 8950: 8941: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8913: 8906: 8899: 8892: 8885: 8878: 8871: 8864: 8857: 8850: 8843: 8836: 8829: 8822: 8815: 8795: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8760: 8753: 8746: 8739: 8732: 8725: 8705: 8698: 8691: 8684: 8676: 8669: 8662: 8653: 8646: 8638: 8631: 8629:French Indochina 8624: 8617: 8610: 8603: 8595: 8588: 8581: 8573: 8553: 8544: 8537: 8528: 8521: 8514: 8507: 8500: 8493: 8486: 8479: 8476:from August 1944 8467: 8460: 8453: 8446: 8439: 8432: 8425: 8418: 8411: 8399: 8392: 8385: 8378: 8371: 8359: 8351: 8344: 8337: 8330: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8276: 8261: 8260: 8241: 8234: 8227: 8220: 8213: 8202: 8187: 8180: 8173: 8168: 8159: 8152: 8145: 8136: 8129: 8122: 8120:Nanjing Massacre 8115: 8108: 8099: 8097:Nuremberg trials 8090: 8083: 8076: 8069: 8062: 8055: 8046: 8039: 8032: 8025: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7961: 7954: 7947: 7938: 7929: 7922: 7915: 7908: 7899: 7892: 7885: 7878: 7871: 7864: 7857: 7850: 7830: 7821: 7814: 7807: 7798: 7791: 7784: 7777: 7768: 7761: 7754: 7745: 7738: 7731: 7724: 7717: 7710: 7703: 7701:Asia and Pacific 7683: 7676: 7669: 7662: 7655: 7648: 7641: 7632: 7630:Mulberry harbour 7625: 7618: 7611: 7604: 7597: 7590: 7583: 7576: 7567: 7560: 7553: 7544: 7537: 7530: 7523: 7516: 7509: 7502: 7495: 7488: 7481: 7472: 7465: 7450: 7449: 7438: 7431: 7422: 7415: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7387: 7380: 7359: 7352: 7345: 7336: 7335: 7324: 7313: 7312:on 18 March 2007 7308:, archived from 7298: 7297: 7295: 7272: 7244: 7239:, archived from 7229: 7211: 7190: 7172: 7140: 7122: 7091: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7047: 7042:, archived from 7032: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6978: 6976:Ballantine Books 6966: 6954: 6939: 6928: 6910: 6898: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6854: 6843: 6832: 6831:(in Russian) (4) 6819: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6750: 6732: 6714: 6696: 6687: 6669: 6651: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6607: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6530: 6512: 6487: 6469: 6451: 6429: 6414: 6396:Glantz, David M. 6391: 6380: 6358: 6336: 6318: 6300: 6275: 6255: 6237: 6216: 6207: 6185: 6167: 6145: 6123: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6074: 6043: 6037: 6031: 6025: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5836: 5830: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5702: 5696: 5690: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5621: 5615: 5604: 5598: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5482: 5476: 5470: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5417: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5387: 5381: 5375: 5369: 5363: 5357: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5333: 5327: 5316: 5310: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5203: 5197: 5191: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5048: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5024: 5013: 5007: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4909: 4903: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4810: 4804: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4727: 4721: 4715: 4709: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4659: 4653: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4312: 4306: 4295: 4289: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4177: 4171: 4160: 4154: 4144: 4136:Rzheshevsky 2002 4123:, p. 275). 4117:penal battalions 4098: 4092: 4085: 4079: 4064: 4058: 4051: 4045: 4038: 4032: 4017: 4011: 4000: 3994: 3987: 3981: 3974: 3968: 3949: 3943: 3936: 3930: 3914:Prague Offensive 3910: 3904: 3896: 3890: 3883:LVI Panzer Corps 3879: 3873: 3866: 3860: 3853: 3847: 3836: 3811:Prague Offensive 3782:Siege of Breslau 3632:Unter den Linden 3598:Brandenburg Gate 3442:encircled Berlin 3365:Charlottenbrücke 3250:headquarters on 3120:SS Brigadeführer 3104:LVI Panzer Corps 3063:Panzer Division 3039:SS Brigadeführer 2976:Battle in Berlin 2970:Battle in Berlin 2958:Helmuth Weidling 2833:, outside Berlin 2798:. The next day, 2686:Berlin offensive 2606: 2605: 2588: 2532: 2531: 2514: 2502: 2433: 2432: 2415: 2344:Colonel General 2330: 2329: 2302: 2251: 2250: 2233: 2189: 2188: 2171: 2159: 2085:Frankfurt (Oder) 1895:Vienna Offensive 1856:Heinrich Himmler 1854: 1757:Helmuth Weidling 1656:Battle of Berlin 1642: 1635: 1628: 1586: 1585: 1523: 1506:Battle of Berlin 1483: 1450: 1440: 1430: 1420: 1410: 1400: 1390: 1372: 1371: 1324:Spremberg–Torgau 1272: 1270: 1269:Berlin Offensive 1260: 1253: 1246: 1237: 1236: 1125:Petsamo–Kirkenes 1003:Belgorod-Kharkov 969:Voronezh–Kharkov 693: 683: 676: 669: 660: 659: 647:480,000 captured 617:Material losses: 552:766,750 soldiers 518: 509:Total strength: 492: 491: 480: 479: 468: 467: 450: 449: 438: 437: 426: 425: 414: 413: 402: 401: 383: 376:Helmuth Weidling 374: 373: 365:Hellmuth Reymann 363: 362: 352: 351: 341: 340: 332:Wilhelm Burgdorf 330: 329: 319: 318: 308: 307: 297: 296: 288: 276: 275: 264: 263: 262: 253: 252: 242: 241: 231: 230: 214: 210: 208: 207: 192: 191: 190: 179: 177: 176: 130: 129: 127: 126: 125: 120: 116: 113: 112: 111: 108: 76: 75: 63: 42:Battle of Berlin 39: 38: 18:Battle in Berlin 10797: 10796: 10792: 10791: 10790: 10788: 10787: 10786: 10782:May 1945 events 10742:1945 in Germany 10722: 10721: 10720: 10716:from Wikisource 10710: 10705: 10703: 10693: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10679:sister projects 10676:at Knowledge's 10670: 10658: 10648: 10646: 10636: 10634: 10626: 10624: 10619: 10612: 10605: 10591: 10589: 10577: 10568: 10561: 10554: 10547: 10538: 10531: 10524: 10515: 10510:Atomic bombings 10508: 10501: 10494: 10487: 10480: 10471: 10464: 10457: 10450: 10443: 10436: 10429: 10422: 10415: 10408: 10401: 10394: 10387: 10380: 10373: 10366: 10353: 10346: 10335: 10328: 10321: 10312: 10305: 10298: 10291: 10284: 10277: 10268: 10259: 10252: 10243: 10236: 10229: 10222: 10213: 10206: 10201:Eastern Romania 10199: 10194:Warsaw Uprising 10192: 10187:Tannenberg Line 10185: 10178: 10173:Western Ukraine 10171: 10162: 10155: 10146: 10137: 10128: 10121: 10114: 10103: 10094: 10081: 10074: 10065: 10058: 10051: 10044: 10037: 10030: 10023: 10014: 10007: 10000: 9991: 9984: 9977: 9970: 9965:Battle of Kursk 9963: 9956: 9949: 9942: 9935: 9922: 9915: 9906: 9899: 9892: 9883: 9876: 9869: 9862: 9853: 9844: 9837: 9830: 9823: 9816: 9809: 9802: 9795: 9788: 9781: 9776:St Nazaire Raid 9774: 9767: 9760: 9747: 9740: 9733: 9726: 9719: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9677: 9670: 9663: 9656: 9649: 9642: 9635: 9628: 9621: 9614: 9600: 9591: 9584: 9577: 9570: 9563: 9558:Anglo-Iraqi War 9556: 9549:Battle of Crete 9547: 9540: 9533: 9526: 9519: 9506: 9497: 9490: 9483: 9478:Eastern Romania 9476: 9469: 9462: 9455: 9448: 9441: 9434: 9427: 9420: 9413: 9406: 9399: 9392: 9385: 9378: 9371: 9358: 9351: 9344: 9337: 9330: 9323: 9316: 9309: 9296: 9287: 9280: 9273: 9266: 9259: 9252: 9243: 9236: 9229: 9220: 9213: 9187: 9180: 9173: 9164: 9157: 9152: 9143: 9136: 9129: 9120: 9113: 9104: 9097: 9092: 9085: 9072: 9065: 9056: 9049: 9044: 9039:Western Ukraine 9037: 9030: 9023: 9016: 9009: 9002: 8995: 8988: 8983:Northeast China 8981: 8974: 8967: 8960: 8953: 8946: 8937: 8930: 8923: 8916: 8909: 8902: 8895: 8888: 8881: 8874: 8867: 8860: 8853: 8846: 8839: 8832: 8825: 8818: 8811: 8798: 8791: 8784: 8777: 8770: 8763: 8756: 8749: 8742: 8735: 8728: 8721: 8708: 8701: 8694: 8689:Slovak Republic 8687: 8679: 8672: 8665: 8660:Empire of Japan 8658: 8649: 8641: 8634: 8627: 8620: 8613: 8606: 8598: 8591: 8584: 8576: 8569: 8556: 8549: 8540: 8533: 8524: 8517: 8510: 8503: 8496: 8489: 8482: 8470: 8463: 8456: 8449: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8414: 8402: 8395: 8388: 8381: 8374: 8362: 8354: 8347: 8340: 8333: 8326: 8319: 8312: 8300: 8293: 8286: 8279: 8272: 8246: 8237: 8230: 8223: 8216: 8205: 8190: 8183: 8176: 8172:Sexual violence 8171: 8164: 8155: 8148: 8141: 8132: 8125: 8118: 8111: 8104: 8095: 8086: 8079: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8042: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7978: 7971: 7964: 7957: 7950: 7941: 7932: 7925: 7918: 7911: 7902: 7895: 7890:Greek Civil War 7888: 7881: 7874: 7867: 7860: 7853: 7846: 7833: 7826: 7817: 7810: 7803: 7794: 7787: 7780: 7773: 7764: 7757: 7750: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7720: 7715:South-East Asia 7713: 7706: 7699: 7686: 7679: 7672: 7665: 7658: 7651: 7644: 7637: 7628: 7621: 7614: 7607: 7600: 7593: 7586: 7579: 7574:Military awards 7572: 7563: 7556: 7549: 7540: 7533: 7526: 7519: 7512: 7505: 7498: 7491: 7484: 7477: 7468: 7461: 7441: 7434: 7427: 7418: 7411: 7404: 7399: 7390: 7383: 7376: 7368: 7363: 7333: 7322: 7318:RT (TV network) 7301: 7293: 7291: 7276:Tilman, Remme, 7275: 7247: 7232: 7227: 7214: 7209: 7193: 7188: 7175: 7163: 7138: 7125: 7112: 7085: 7078: 7076: 7064: 7060: 7058:Further reading 7055: 7052:on 1 July 2003. 6999: 6997: 6996:on 3 April 2019 6952: 6936:D-Day to Berlin 6926: 6896: 6875: 6873: 6852: 6826: 6817: 6802:The Last Battle 6797:Ryan, Cornelius 6787: 6785: 6766: 6764: 6763:on 28 July 2012 6748: 6738:A War to be Won 6730: 6712: 6685: 6667: 6649: 6636: 6624: 6622: 6614:Polish Holidays 6605: 6581: 6579: 6572: 6547: 6545: 6528: 6510: 6485: 6467: 6449: 6412: 6378: 6356: 6334: 6316: 6298: 6273: 6253: 6235: 6205: 6183: 6165: 6143: 6121: 6095: 6093: 6072: 6051: 6046: 6040:Kutylowski 2011 6038: 6034: 6026: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5990: 5986: 5978: 5974: 5966: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5942: 5938: 5932:Budnitskii 2015 5930: 5926: 5918: 5914: 5906: 5902: 5894: 5890: 5882: 5878: 5870: 5866: 5858: 5854: 5846: 5839: 5831: 5822: 5816:Clodfelter 2002 5814: 5810: 5802: 5798: 5792:Krivosheev 1997 5790: 5786: 5780:Krivosheev 1997 5778: 5774: 5766: 5759: 5751: 5747: 5739: 5735: 5727: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5691: 5687: 5681:Le Tissier 2005 5679: 5675: 5669:Le Tissier 2005 5667: 5663: 5655: 5651: 5643: 5639: 5631: 5624: 5616: 5607: 5599: 5590: 5582: 5578: 5570: 5566: 5558: 5551: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5519: 5515: 5507: 5503: 5495: 5491: 5483: 5479: 5471: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5436: 5432: 5424: 5420: 5412: 5408: 5400: 5396: 5388: 5384: 5376: 5372: 5364: 5360: 5354:Sontheimer 2008 5352: 5348: 5340: 5336: 5328: 5319: 5311: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5284: 5280: 5272: 5268: 5260: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5236: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5204: 5200: 5192: 5188: 5180: 5176: 5168: 5164: 5156: 5149: 5141: 5137: 5129: 5125: 5117: 5113: 5105: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5081: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5049: 5045: 5037: 5033: 5025: 5016: 5008: 5001: 4993: 4989: 4981: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4957: 4953: 4945: 4936: 4928: 4924: 4916: 4912: 4906:Komorowski 2009 4904: 4897: 4889: 4885: 4877: 4873: 4865: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4822: 4813: 4805: 4796: 4788: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4764: 4757: 4749: 4745: 4737: 4730: 4722: 4718: 4710: 4703: 4695: 4691: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4662: 4654: 4645: 4637: 4633: 4625: 4621: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4589: 4585: 4577: 4573: 4565: 4561: 4553: 4549: 4541: 4537: 4529: 4525: 4517: 4513: 4505: 4501: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4477: 4469: 4465: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4397: 4393: 4385: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4346: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4322: 4315: 4309:Krivosheev 1997 4307: 4298: 4292:Krivosheev 1997 4290: 4283: 4275: 4271: 4263: 4259: 4251: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4224: 4209: 4201: 4197: 4189: 4180: 4172: 4163: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4099: 4095: 4091:, p. 287). 4086: 4082: 4078:, p. 548). 4065: 4061: 4057:, p. 287). 4052: 4048: 4039: 4035: 4018: 4014: 4001: 3997: 3988: 3984: 3975: 3971: 3950: 3946: 3937: 3933: 3911: 3907: 3897: 3893: 3880: 3876: 3867: 3863: 3854: 3850: 3846:, p. 228). 3837: 3833: 3829: 3768: 3684: 3624: 3615: 3529:5th Guards Army 3523:Meanwhile, the 3512:East Meets West 3504: 3502:Battle of Halbe 3498: 3469:German XXI Army 3438: 3391: 3382: 3360: 3317:Reichspräsident 3289: 3212: 3206: 3190:Potsdamer Platz 3134:8th Guards Army 3079:. The reserve, 2987:men armed with 2978: 2972: 2950: 2948: 2945:Stettin railway 2938: 2936: 2930: 2922: 2871:Army Detachment 2863:5th Guards Army 2855:2nd Polish Army 2796:III Panzer Army 2771: 2756:Battle of Halbe 2719:3rd Guards Army 2702:pitched battles 2694: 2680: 2675: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2515: 2499: 2497:Southern sector 2494: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2324: 2299: 2294: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2156: 2154:Northern sector 2151: 2145: 2143:Opposing forces 2125:1st Polish Army 2028:to fortify the 2002:Helmuth Reymann 1966: 1885:and regain the 1851:Reichsführer-SS 1802: 1652: 1651: 1646: 1583: 1582: 1545:Berlin Blockade 1521: 1481: 1448: 1446:Weimar Republic 1438: 1428: 1418: 1408: 1388: 1381: 1370: 1365: 1319:Cottbus–Potsdam 1304:Stettin–Rostock 1273: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1234: 1229: 1223:Prague uprising 1206:Bratislava–Brno 1196:Moravia–Ostrava 1086:Lvov–Sandomierz 914:Rzhev–Sychyovka 742:Białystok–Minsk 694: 689: 687: 653: 644:220,000 wounded 630: 612: 602: 583: 546:Total strength: 540: 514: 513: 496: 486: 474: 462: 456: 452:2nd Polish Army 444: 440:1st Polish Army 432: 420: 408: 396: 368: 367: 357: 356: 346: 345: 335: 334: 324: 323: 313: 312: 302: 301: 291: 290: 284: 270: 260: 258: 257: 247: 246: 236: 235: 225: 205: 203: 198: 188: 186: 174: 172: 144: 123: 121: 117: 114: 109: 106: 104: 102: 101: 100: 83: 64: 33: 28: 21: 12: 11: 5: 10795: 10785: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10719: 10718: 10701: 10672: 10669: 10668: 10656: 10644: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10617: 10610: 10603: 10586: 10583: 10582: 10579: 10578: 10576: 10575: 10574: 10573: 10566: 10559: 10545: 10544: 10543: 10529: 10526:South Sakhalin 10522: 10521: 10520: 10506: 10499: 10492: 10485: 10478: 10477: 10476: 10462: 10455: 10448: 10441: 10434: 10427: 10420: 10413: 10406: 10399: 10392: 10385: 10378: 10371: 10363: 10361: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10351: 10344: 10343: 10342: 10326: 10319: 10318: 10317: 10303: 10296: 10289: 10282: 10275: 10266: 10257: 10250: 10241: 10234: 10227: 10220: 10211: 10204: 10197: 10190: 10183: 10176: 10169: 10160: 10153: 10144: 10135: 10126: 10119: 10112: 10101: 10091: 10089: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10079: 10072: 10071: 10070: 10063: 10049: 10042: 10035: 10028: 10021: 10020: 10019: 10005: 9998: 9989: 9982: 9975: 9968: 9961: 9954: 9951:Battle of Attu 9947: 9940: 9932: 9930: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9920: 9913: 9904: 9897: 9890: 9881: 9874: 9867: 9860: 9851: 9850: 9849: 9842: 9828: 9821: 9814: 9807: 9800: 9793: 9786: 9779: 9772: 9765: 9757: 9755: 9749: 9748: 9746: 9745: 9738: 9731: 9724: 9717: 9710: 9703: 9700:Battle of Guam 9696: 9689: 9682: 9675: 9668: 9661: 9654: 9647: 9640: 9633: 9626: 9623:Battle of Kiev 9619: 9612: 9598: 9597: 9596: 9582: 9575: 9568: 9561: 9554: 9553: 9552: 9538: 9531: 9524: 9516: 9514: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9504: 9495: 9488: 9481: 9474: 9467: 9460: 9453: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9425: 9418: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9368: 9366: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9356: 9349: 9342: 9335: 9328: 9321: 9314: 9306: 9304: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9294: 9293: 9292: 9285: 9278: 9271: 9264: 9250: 9249: 9248: 9241: 9227: 9226: 9225: 9210: 9208: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9185: 9178: 9171: 9170: 9169: 9162: 9150: 9149: 9148: 9134: 9127: 9126: 9125: 9122:United Kingdom 9118: 9111: 9110: 9109: 9090: 9082: 9080: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9070: 9063: 9062: 9061: 9054: 9042: 9035: 9028: 9021: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8993: 8986: 8979: 8972: 8965: 8958: 8951: 8944: 8943: 8942: 8935: 8921: 8914: 8907: 8900: 8893: 8886: 8879: 8872: 8865: 8858: 8851: 8844: 8837: 8830: 8823: 8816: 8808: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8789: 8782: 8775: 8768: 8761: 8754: 8747: 8740: 8733: 8726: 8718: 8716: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8706: 8699: 8692: 8685: 8677: 8670: 8663: 8656: 8655: 8654: 8639: 8632: 8625: 8618: 8611: 8604: 8596: 8589: 8582: 8574: 8566: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8554: 8547: 8546: 8545: 8531: 8530: 8529: 8526:British Empire 8519:United Kingdom 8515: 8508: 8501: 8494: 8487: 8480: 8468: 8461: 8454: 8447: 8440: 8433: 8426: 8419: 8412: 8400: 8393: 8386: 8379: 8372: 8360: 8352: 8345: 8338: 8335:Czechoslovakia 8331: 8324: 8317: 8310: 8298: 8291: 8284: 8277: 8269: 8267: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8244: 8243: 8242: 8235: 8232:Rape of Manila 8228: 8221: 8214: 8203: 8188: 8181: 8169: 8162: 8161: 8160: 8153: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8130: 8123: 8109: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8084: 8070: 8063: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8040: 8033: 8018: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8003:United Nations 7999: 7992: 7985: 7984: 7983: 7976: 7969: 7962: 7948: 7939: 7930: 7923: 7916: 7909: 7900: 7893: 7886: 7879: 7872: 7865: 7862:Decolonization 7858: 7851: 7843: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7831: 7824: 7823: 7822: 7808: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7792: 7785: 7771: 7770: 7769: 7762: 7748: 7747: 7746: 7739: 7732: 7725: 7718: 7711: 7696: 7694: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7684: 7677: 7670: 7663: 7656: 7649: 7642: 7635: 7634: 7633: 7626: 7612: 7605: 7598: 7591: 7584: 7577: 7570: 7569: 7568: 7554: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7538: 7535:United Kingdom 7531: 7517: 7510: 7503: 7496: 7489: 7482: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7458: 7456: 7447: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7397: 7396: 7395: 7381: 7373: 7370: 7369: 7362: 7361: 7354: 7347: 7339: 7332: 7331: 7315: 7302:White, Osmar, 7299: 7273: 7262:10.2307/120398 7256:(1): 135–153, 7245: 7230: 7225: 7212: 7207: 7191: 7186: 7173: 7161: 7141: 7136: 7123: 7110: 7093: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7053: 7046:on 25 May 2011 7033: 7016:(4): 398–407, 7005: 6979: 6967: 6955: 6950: 6929: 6924: 6911: 6899: 6894: 6881: 6855: 6850: 6833: 6820: 6815: 6793: 6772: 6751: 6746: 6733: 6728: 6715: 6710: 6697: 6688: 6683: 6670: 6665: 6652: 6647: 6630: 6608: 6603: 6587: 6570: 6553: 6531: 6526: 6513: 6508: 6488: 6483: 6470: 6465: 6452: 6447: 6430: 6415: 6410: 6392: 6381: 6376: 6359: 6354: 6337: 6332: 6319: 6314: 6301: 6296: 6276: 6271: 6256: 6251: 6238: 6233: 6217: 6208: 6203: 6186: 6181: 6168: 6163: 6146: 6141: 6124: 6119: 6105:Beevor, Antony 6101: 6075: 6070: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6032: 6020: 6008: 5996: 5984: 5972: 5970:, p. 419. 5960: 5958:, p. 303. 5948: 5946:, p. 267. 5944:Engelmann 1986 5936: 5924: 5912: 5900: 5896:Grossmann 2009 5888: 5876: 5864: 5862:, p. 409. 5852: 5850:, p. 126. 5837: 5835:, p. 670. 5820: 5818:, p. 515. 5808: 5806:, p. 271. 5796: 5784: 5772: 5770:, p. 397. 5757: 5755:, p. 395. 5745: 5743:, p. 378. 5733: 5731:, p. 350. 5721: 5719:, p. 120. 5709: 5707:, p. 119. 5697: 5695:, p. 330. 5685: 5673: 5671:, p. 117. 5661: 5649: 5647:, p. 350. 5637: 5635:, p. 129. 5622: 5605: 5603:, p. 128. 5588: 5586:, p. 228. 5584:Dollinger 1967 5576: 5574:, p. 338. 5564: 5562:, p. 266. 5560:Engelmann 1986 5549: 5547:, p. 391. 5537: 5535:, p. 386. 5525: 5513: 5501: 5499:, p. 406. 5489: 5487:, p. 405. 5477: 5475:, p. 239. 5473:Dollinger 1967 5458: 5456:, p. 391. 5446: 5438:Dollinger 1967 5430: 5418: 5416:, p. 381. 5406: 5394: 5382: 5380:, p. 358. 5370: 5358: 5346: 5334: 5332:, p. 311. 5317: 5315:, p. 380. 5302: 5300:, p. 377. 5290: 5288:, p. 375. 5278: 5276:, p. 343. 5266: 5264:, p. 349. 5254: 5242: 5230: 5228:, p. 340. 5218: 5198: 5186: 5174: 5162: 5147: 5135: 5133:, p. 243. 5123: 5121:, p. 223. 5111: 5099: 5097:, p. 111. 5087: 5085:, p. 313. 5075: 5063: 5059:Dollinger 1967 5043: 5041:, p. 465. 5031: 5014: 5012:, p. 353. 4999: 4987: 4985:, p. 436. 4975: 4973:, p. 275. 4963: 4951: 4934: 4932:, p. 248. 4922: 4920:, p. 345. 4910: 4895: 4883: 4871: 4869:, p. 337. 4852: 4840: 4836:RAF staff 2006 4828: 4811: 4794: 4792:, p. 255. 4782: 4780:, p. 247. 4770: 4768:, p. 244. 4755: 4753:, p. 468. 4743: 4728: 4716: 4714:, p. 426. 4701: 4699:, p. 322. 4689: 4687:, p. 293. 4677: 4660: 4643: 4641:, p. 292. 4631: 4629:, p. 140. 4619: 4617:, p. 166. 4607: 4595: 4583: 4581:, p. 219. 4571: 4569:, p. 115. 4559: 4557:, p. 303. 4547: 4545:, p. 135. 4535: 4523: 4521:, p. 194. 4511: 4499: 4497:, p. 753. 4487: 4485:, p. 196. 4475: 4473:, p. 198. 4471:Dollinger 1967 4463: 4451: 4449:, p. 200. 4439: 4427: 4425:, p. 293. 4415: 4403: 4391: 4389:, p. 295. 4376: 4364: 4352: 4340: 4328: 4326:, p. 673. 4313: 4311:, p. 263. 4296: 4294:, p. 157. 4281: 4279:, p. 117. 4277:Bergstrom 2007 4269: 4267:, p. 346. 4257: 4255:, p. 373. 4242: 4230: 4228:, p. 287. 4207: 4205:, p. 482. 4195: 4178: 4176:, p. 261. 4161: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4093: 4080: 4059: 4046: 4033: 4012: 3995: 3982: 3969: 3944: 3931: 3905: 3891: 3887:Seelow Heights 3874: 3861: 3848: 3844:Dollinger 1967 3830: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3767: 3764: 3741:Victory Banner 3711:Dnepropetrovsk 3683: 3680: 3623: 3620: 3614: 3611: 3581:Theodor Körner 3557:Czechoslovakia 3497: 3494: 3444:, and started 3437: 3434: 3425:Schwielow Lake 3390: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3359: 3356: 3288: 3285: 3264:Zoo flak tower 3224:3rd Shock Army 3205: 3202: 3178:Alexanderplatz 3106:, reached the 3092:5th Shock Army 3043:Wilhelm Mohnke 2974:Main article: 2971: 2968: 2878:kill himself. 2839:German V Corps 2770: 2767: 2690:Main article: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2619: 2618: 2597: 2590: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2544: 2523: 2516: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2445: 2424: 2417: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2403: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2368: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2342: 2321: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2263: 2242: 2235: 2228: 2227: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2201: 2180: 2173: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2144: 2141: 2094:German II Army 2030:Seelow Heights 1965: 1962: 1935:race to Berlin 1923:Western Allies 1897:they captured 1801: 1798: 1794:Western Allies 1751:broke through 1732:birthday, the 1722:Seelow Heights 1668:Fall of Berlin 1648: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1637: 1630: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1588: 1587: 1584:(1990–present) 1576: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1567: 1560: 1553: 1548: 1542: 1537: 1525: 1524: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1485: 1484: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1452: 1451: 1442: 1441: 1432: 1431: 1422: 1421: 1412: 1411: 1402: 1401: 1393: 1392: 1383: 1382: 1375: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1339:City of Berlin 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1309:Seelow Heights 1306: 1301: 1296: 1294:Race to Berlin 1291: 1284: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1263: 1262: 1255: 1248: 1240: 1231: 1230: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1215: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1186:East Pomerania 1183: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1095: 1088: 1083: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 988: 983: 978: 971: 966: 961: 953: 952: 948: 947: 940: 933: 928: 921: 916: 911: 906: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 877:Toropets–Kholm 874: 867: 862: 856: 855: 851: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 829: 828: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 726: 725: 721: 720: 715: 710: 704: 703: 699: 696: 695: 686: 685: 678: 671: 663: 655: 654: 652: 651: 648: 645: 642: 638: 631: 629: 628: 625: 622: 619: 613: 611: 610: 607: 604: 598: 595:Total: 361,367 590: 589: 585: 584: 582: 581: 565: 562: 561:2,224 aircraft 559: 553: 550: 547: 543: 541: 539: 538: 531: 528: 527:7,500 aircraft 525: 522: 521: 520: 506: 503: 502: 498: 497: 495: 494: 484: 472: 459: 457: 455: 454: 442: 430: 418: 406: 393: 390: 389: 388:Units involved 385: 384: 321:Wilhelm Keitel 268: 222: 221: 217: 216: 199: 197: 196: 184: 168: 165: 164: 160: 159: 156: 155: 146: 140: 139: 138:Allied victory 136: 132: 131: 92: 90: 86: 85: 80: 72: 71: 56: 55: 44: 43: 37: 36: 31: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10794: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10729: 10727: 10715: 10714: 10702: 10698: 10697: 10685: 10684: 10681: 10675: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10655: 10645: 10643: 10633: 10632: 10629: 10615: 10611: 10608: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10595: 10588: 10587: 10584: 10571: 10567: 10564: 10560: 10557: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10546: 10541: 10537: 10536: 10534: 10533:Kuril Islands 10530: 10527: 10523: 10518: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10507: 10504: 10500: 10497: 10493: 10490: 10486: 10483: 10479: 10474: 10470: 10469: 10467: 10463: 10460: 10456: 10453: 10449: 10446: 10442: 10439: 10435: 10432: 10428: 10425: 10421: 10418: 10414: 10411: 10407: 10404: 10400: 10397: 10393: 10390: 10386: 10383: 10379: 10376: 10372: 10369: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10356: 10349: 10345: 10340: 10339: 10334: 10333: 10331: 10327: 10324: 10320: 10315: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10304: 10301: 10300:Syrmian Front 10297: 10294: 10290: 10287: 10283: 10280: 10276: 10273: 10272: 10267: 10264: 10263: 10258: 10255: 10251: 10248: 10247: 10246:Market Garden 10242: 10239: 10235: 10232: 10228: 10225: 10221: 10218: 10217: 10212: 10209: 10205: 10202: 10198: 10195: 10191: 10188: 10184: 10181: 10177: 10174: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10145: 10142: 10141: 10136: 10133: 10132: 10127: 10124: 10120: 10117: 10113: 10110: 10106: 10105:Monte Cassino 10102: 10099: 10098: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10088: 10084: 10077: 10073: 10068: 10064: 10061: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10050: 10047: 10043: 10040: 10036: 10033: 10029: 10026: 10022: 10017: 10013: 10012: 10010: 10006: 10003: 9999: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9987: 9983: 9980: 9976: 9973: 9969: 9966: 9962: 9959: 9955: 9952: 9948: 9945: 9941: 9938: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9925: 9918: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9905: 9902: 9898: 9895: 9891: 9888: 9887: 9882: 9879: 9875: 9872: 9868: 9865: 9861: 9858: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9843: 9840: 9836: 9835: 9833: 9829: 9826: 9822: 9819: 9815: 9812: 9808: 9805: 9801: 9798: 9794: 9791: 9787: 9784: 9780: 9777: 9773: 9770: 9766: 9763: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9754: 9750: 9743: 9739: 9736: 9732: 9729: 9725: 9722: 9718: 9715: 9711: 9708: 9704: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9690: 9687: 9683: 9680: 9676: 9673: 9669: 9666: 9662: 9659: 9655: 9652: 9648: 9645: 9641: 9638: 9634: 9631: 9627: 9624: 9620: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9608: 9603: 9599: 9594: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9583: 9580: 9576: 9573: 9569: 9566: 9562: 9559: 9555: 9550: 9546: 9545: 9543: 9539: 9536: 9532: 9529: 9525: 9522: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9513: 9509: 9502: 9501: 9496: 9493: 9489: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9475: 9472: 9471:Baltic states 9468: 9465: 9461: 9458: 9454: 9451: 9447: 9444: 9440: 9437: 9433: 9430: 9426: 9423: 9419: 9416: 9412: 9409: 9405: 9402: 9398: 9395: 9391: 9388: 9384: 9381: 9377: 9374: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9361: 9354: 9350: 9347: 9343: 9340: 9336: 9333: 9329: 9326: 9322: 9319: 9315: 9312: 9308: 9307: 9305: 9303: 9299: 9290: 9286: 9283: 9279: 9276: 9272: 9269: 9265: 9262: 9258: 9257: 9255: 9251: 9246: 9242: 9239: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9228: 9223: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9194: 9183: 9179: 9176: 9172: 9167: 9163: 9160: 9156: 9155: 9151: 9146: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9135: 9132: 9128: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9115:United States 9112: 9107: 9103: 9102: 9100: 9096: 9095: 9091: 9088: 9084: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9075: 9068: 9064: 9059: 9055: 9052: 9051:Quốc dân Đảng 9048: 9047: 9043: 9040: 9036: 9033: 9029: 9026: 9022: 9019: 9015: 9012: 9008: 9005: 9001: 8998: 8994: 8991: 8987: 8984: 8980: 8977: 8973: 8970: 8966: 8963: 8959: 8956: 8952: 8949: 8945: 8940: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8922: 8919: 8915: 8912: 8908: 8905: 8901: 8898: 8894: 8891: 8887: 8884: 8880: 8877: 8873: 8870: 8866: 8863: 8859: 8856: 8852: 8849: 8845: 8842: 8838: 8835: 8831: 8828: 8824: 8821: 8817: 8814: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8801: 8794: 8790: 8787: 8783: 8780: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8766: 8762: 8759: 8755: 8752: 8751:Liechtenstein 8748: 8745: 8741: 8738: 8734: 8731: 8727: 8724: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8711: 8704: 8700: 8697: 8693: 8690: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8675: 8671: 8668: 8664: 8661: 8657: 8652: 8648: 8647: 8644: 8640: 8637: 8633: 8630: 8626: 8623: 8619: 8616: 8612: 8609: 8605: 8601: 8597: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8572: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8559: 8552: 8548: 8543: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8535:United States 8532: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8516: 8513: 8509: 8506: 8502: 8499: 8495: 8492: 8488: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8448: 8445: 8441: 8438: 8434: 8431: 8427: 8424: 8420: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8398: 8394: 8391: 8387: 8384: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8369: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8353: 8350: 8346: 8343: 8339: 8336: 8332: 8329: 8325: 8322: 8318: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8296: 8292: 8289: 8285: 8282: 8278: 8275: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8253: 8240: 8236: 8233: 8229: 8226: 8225:Comfort women 8222: 8219: 8215: 8212: 8209: / 8208: 8204: 8201: 8198: / 8197: 8194: / 8193: 8189: 8186: 8185:Camp brothels 8182: 8179: 8175: 8174: 8170: 8167: 8163: 8158: 8154: 8151: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8140: 8135: 8131: 8128: 8124: 8121: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8110: 8107: 8103: 8098: 8094: 8089: 8085: 8082: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8074:The Holocaust 8071: 8068: 8064: 8061: 8060:forced labour 8057: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8045: 8041: 8038: 8034: 8031: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8004: 8000: 7997: 7993: 7990: 7986: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7970: 7967: 7963: 7960: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7931: 7928: 7924: 7921: 7917: 7914: 7913:Marshall Plan 7910: 7907: 7906: 7901: 7898: 7894: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7880: 7877: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7859: 7856: 7852: 7849: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7829: 7825: 7820: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7809: 7806: 7802: 7797: 7793: 7790: 7786: 7783: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7767: 7766:Eastern Front 7763: 7760: 7759:Western Front 7756: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7744: 7740: 7737: 7733: 7730: 7726: 7723: 7719: 7716: 7712: 7709: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7689: 7682: 7678: 7675: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7661: 7657: 7654: 7653:Puppet states 7650: 7647: 7643: 7640: 7636: 7631: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7613: 7610: 7606: 7603: 7599: 7596: 7595:Naval history 7592: 7589: 7585: 7582: 7578: 7575: 7571: 7566: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7555: 7552: 7548: 7543: 7542:United States 7539: 7536: 7532: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7518: 7515: 7511: 7508: 7504: 7501: 7497: 7494: 7490: 7487: 7483: 7480: 7476: 7471: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7451: 7448: 7444: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7393: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7382: 7379: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7367: 7360: 7355: 7353: 7348: 7346: 7341: 7340: 7337: 7329: 7325: 7319: 7316: 7311: 7307: 7306: 7300: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7231: 7228: 7222: 7218: 7213: 7210: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7189: 7183: 7179: 7174: 7171: 7170:Hill and Wang 7167: 7162: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7150: 7145: 7142: 7139: 7133: 7129: 7124: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7074: 7070: 7069: 7063: 7062: 7051: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7034: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7006: 6995: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6977: 6973: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6953: 6947: 6943: 6938: 6937: 6930: 6927: 6921: 6917: 6912: 6909: 6905: 6900: 6897: 6891: 6887: 6882: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6853: 6847: 6842: 6841: 6834: 6830: 6821: 6818: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6803: 6798: 6794: 6783: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6762: 6758: 6757: 6752: 6749: 6743: 6739: 6734: 6731: 6725: 6721: 6716: 6713: 6707: 6703: 6698: 6694: 6689: 6686: 6680: 6676: 6671: 6668: 6662: 6658: 6653: 6650: 6648:5-237-05065-4 6644: 6640: 6631: 6620: 6616: 6615: 6609: 6606: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6554: 6543: 6539: 6538: 6532: 6529: 6523: 6519: 6514: 6511: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6492:Hastings, Max 6489: 6486: 6480: 6476: 6471: 6468: 6462: 6458: 6453: 6450: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6422: 6416: 6413: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6382: 6379: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6360: 6357: 6355:9783570014158 6351: 6347: 6343: 6338: 6335: 6329: 6325: 6320: 6317: 6311: 6307: 6302: 6299: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6268: 6264: 6263: 6257: 6254: 6248: 6244: 6239: 6236: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6221:Bullock, Alan 6218: 6214: 6209: 6206: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6187: 6184: 6178: 6174: 6169: 6166: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6147: 6144: 6138: 6134: 6133:Penguin Books 6130: 6125: 6122: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6102: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6073: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6054: 6053: 6041: 6036: 6029: 6024: 6017: 6012: 6006:, p. 44. 6005: 6000: 5993: 5988: 5981: 5976: 5969: 5964: 5957: 5952: 5945: 5940: 5933: 5928: 5921: 5916: 5909: 5904: 5898:, p. 51. 5897: 5892: 5885: 5880: 5873: 5868: 5861: 5856: 5849: 5844: 5842: 5834: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5817: 5812: 5805: 5800: 5793: 5788: 5781: 5776: 5769: 5764: 5762: 5754: 5749: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5725: 5718: 5713: 5706: 5701: 5694: 5689: 5682: 5677: 5670: 5665: 5658: 5653: 5646: 5641: 5634: 5629: 5627: 5620:, p. 94. 5619: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5602: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5585: 5580: 5573: 5568: 5561: 5556: 5554: 5546: 5541: 5534: 5529: 5522: 5517: 5510: 5505: 5498: 5493: 5486: 5481: 5474: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5455: 5450: 5443: 5439: 5434: 5427: 5422: 5415: 5410: 5403: 5402:Williams 2005 5398: 5391: 5386: 5379: 5374: 5367: 5362: 5355: 5350: 5343: 5338: 5331: 5330:Hamilton 2008 5326: 5324: 5322: 5314: 5309: 5307: 5299: 5294: 5287: 5282: 5275: 5270: 5263: 5258: 5251: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5227: 5222: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5195: 5190: 5183: 5178: 5171: 5166: 5159: 5154: 5152: 5145:, p. 93. 5144: 5139: 5132: 5127: 5120: 5115: 5108: 5103: 5096: 5091: 5084: 5079: 5072: 5067: 5060: 5056: 5055:Hamilton 2008 5052: 5047: 5040: 5035: 5029:, p. 92. 5028: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5011: 5006: 5004: 4997:, p. 89. 4996: 4991: 4984: 4979: 4972: 4967: 4960: 4955: 4948: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4931: 4926: 4919: 4914: 4907: 4902: 4900: 4893:, p. 78. 4892: 4887: 4881:, p. 88. 4880: 4875: 4868: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4826:, p. 84. 4825: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4791: 4786: 4779: 4774: 4767: 4762: 4760: 4752: 4751:Hastings 2005 4747: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4725: 4720: 4713: 4708: 4706: 4698: 4697:Williams 2005 4693: 4686: 4685:Williams 2005 4681: 4675:, p. 76. 4674: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4657: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4640: 4639:Williams 2005 4635: 4628: 4623: 4616: 4611: 4604: 4599: 4592: 4587: 4580: 4575: 4568: 4563: 4556: 4551: 4544: 4539: 4532: 4531:Williams 2005 4527: 4520: 4515: 4508: 4503: 4496: 4491: 4484: 4479: 4472: 4467: 4460: 4455: 4448: 4443: 4436: 4431: 4424: 4419: 4412: 4407: 4401:, p. 52. 4400: 4395: 4388: 4387:Hastings 2004 4383: 4381: 4373: 4368: 4361: 4356: 4350:, p. 85. 4349: 4344: 4338:, p. 95. 4337: 4332: 4325: 4320: 4318: 4310: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4293: 4288: 4286: 4278: 4273: 4266: 4261: 4254: 4249: 4247: 4240:, p. 28. 4239: 4234: 4227: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4204: 4199: 4193:, p. 71. 4192: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4175: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4159:, p. 27. 4158: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4090: 4084: 4077: 4076:Hastings 2005 4073: 4069: 4068:Hamilton 2008 4063: 4056: 4050: 4043: 4037: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4016: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3992: 3986: 3979: 3973: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3948: 3941: 3935: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3909: 3902: 3895: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3871: 3865: 3858: 3857:Ernst Kaether 3852: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3831: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3801:Mikhail Minin 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3735: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3707: 3700: 3696: 3688: 3682:Commemoration 3679: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3655: 3651: 3649: 3648:soup kitchens 3643: 3641: 3638:According to 3634:, 3 July 1945 3633: 3628: 3619: 3610: 3608: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3570: 3564: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3416: 3415:'s spearhead. 3414: 3413:Rudolf Holste 3407: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3386: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3355: 3352: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3326:Reichskanzler 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3228:Moltke Bridge 3225: 3216: 3211: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3162:General Staff 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3128:On 26 April, 3126: 3124: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3108:Berlin S-Bahn 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3086:On 23 April, 3084: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3011: 3010:Berlin Police 3007: 3006: 3001: 3000: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2967: 2964: 2959: 2952: 2946: 2942: 2934: 2928: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2900: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2887:Walther Wenck 2884: 2879: 2875: 2872: 2868: 2867:Felix Steiner 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2832: 2831: 2830:Panzerschreck 2826: 2825: 2819: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2766: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2684: 2670: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2598: 2587: 2578: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2524: 2513: 2504: 2503: 2489: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2450:Georgy Zhukov 2446: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2425: 2418:Georgy Zhukov 2414: 2405: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2373:Theodor Busse 2369: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2322: 2318:Theodor Busse 2316: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2297:Middle sector 2289: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2243: 2232: 2223: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2187: 2181: 2170: 2161: 2160: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2114:Upper Silesia 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2077:Georgy Zhukov 2074: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2050:anti-tank gun 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1970: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1943:friendly fire 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1901:on 13 April. 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1806: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1784:On 30 April, 1782: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1741:Georgy Zhukov 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1624: 1623: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1427: 1426:German Empire 1424: 1423: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1271: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 993: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 976: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 959: 955: 954: 950: 949: 946: 945: 944:Little Saturn 941: 939: 938: 934: 932: 931:Velikiye Luki 929: 927: 926: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 904: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 872: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 857: 853: 852: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 827: 826: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 789: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 734: 733: 732: 728: 727: 723: 722: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 705: 702:Naval warfare 701: 700: 697: 692: 691:Eastern Front 684: 679: 677: 672: 670: 665: 664: 661: 649: 646: 643: 640: 639: 637: 636: 632: 626: 623: 620: 618: 615: 614: 608: 605: 600: 599: 597: 596: 592: 591: 586: 580: 579: 575:, and 40,000 574: 570: 569:Berlin police 566: 563: 560: 558: 554: 551: 548: 545: 544: 542: 536: 532: 529: 526: 523: 517: 511: 510: 508: 507: 505: 504: 499: 490: 485: 483: 478: 473: 471: 466: 461: 460: 458: 453: 448: 443: 441: 436: 431: 429: 424: 419: 417: 412: 407: 405: 400: 395: 394: 392: 391: 386: 382: 377: 372: 366: 361: 355: 350: 344: 339: 333: 328: 322: 317: 311: 310:Felix Steiner 306: 300: 295: 289: 287: 281: 280: 274: 269: 267: 256: 251: 245: 240: 234: 233:Georgy Zhukov 229: 224: 223: 218: 215: 213: 200: 195: 185: 183: 182: 170: 169: 167: 166: 161: 154: 151: 148:Soviet Union 147: 142: 141: 137: 134: 133: 128: 99: 95: 91: 88: 87: 81: 78: 77: 73: 69: 68: 62: 57: 54: 50: 49:Eastern Front 45: 40: 35: 30: 26: 19: 10711: 10699:from Commons 10694: 10673: 10654:Soviet Union 10607:Bibliography 10590: 10451: 10403:Project Hula 10368:Vistula–Oder 10337: 10270: 10261: 10245: 10215: 10164: 10148: 10139: 10130: 10096: 9993: 9908: 9884: 9854: 9605: 9498: 9443:North Africa 9145:Soviet Union 9099:Soviet Union 9025:Soviet Union 8793:Vatican City 8703:Vichy France 8608:German Reich 8505:Soviet Union 8491:South Africa 8484:Sierra Leone 8437:Newfoundland 8256:Participants 8239:Marocchinate 7943: 7934: 7904: 7782:North Africa 7743:Indian Ocean 7602:Nazi plunder 7493:Cryptography 7366:World War II 7310:the original 7304: 7292:, retrieved 7278: 7253: 7249: 7241:the original 7235: 7216: 7198: 7177: 7165: 7147: 7127: 7097: 7087: 7077:, retrieved 7067: 7065:Antill, P., 7044:the original 7038: 7013: 7009: 6998:, retrieved 6994:the original 6988: 6971: 6962: 6935: 6915: 6903: 6885: 6876:13 September 6874:, retrieved 6863: 6839: 6829:Мир истории 6828: 6801: 6786:, retrieved 6776: 6765:, retrieved 6761:the original 6755: 6737: 6719: 6701: 6692: 6674: 6656: 6638: 6623:, retrieved 6613: 6594: 6580:, retrieved 6561: 6546:, retrieved 6542:the original 6536: 6517: 6495: 6474: 6456: 6434: 6426:the original 6420: 6400: 6385: 6363: 6345: 6341: 6323: 6305: 6283: 6261: 6242: 6224: 6212: 6190: 6172: 6150: 6128: 6109: 6096:13 September 6094:, retrieved 6085:The Guardian 6083: 6057: 6035: 6023: 6016:Ketchum 2014 6011: 5999: 5994:, p. 8. 5987: 5982:, p. 5. 5975: 5963: 5951: 5939: 5927: 5915: 5903: 5891: 5884:Bellamy 2007 5879: 5867: 5855: 5833:Bellamy 2007 5811: 5799: 5794:, p. 3. 5787: 5775: 5748: 5736: 5724: 5712: 5700: 5688: 5676: 5664: 5652: 5640: 5579: 5567: 5540: 5528: 5516: 5504: 5492: 5480: 5449: 5433: 5421: 5409: 5397: 5390:Bullock 1962 5385: 5373: 5366:Bellamy 2007 5361: 5349: 5337: 5293: 5281: 5269: 5257: 5245: 5233: 5221: 5214:Tiemann 1998 5210:Fischer 2008 5201: 5189: 5177: 5165: 5138: 5126: 5114: 5107:Fischer 2008 5102: 5090: 5078: 5066: 5046: 5034: 4990: 4978: 4966: 4954: 4925: 4913: 4886: 4874: 4843: 4831: 4785: 4773: 4746: 4719: 4692: 4680: 4634: 4622: 4610: 4598: 4586: 4574: 4567:McInnis 1946 4562: 4555:Milward 1980 4550: 4538: 4526: 4514: 4507:Bullock 1962 4502: 4495:Bullock 1962 4490: 4478: 4466: 4461:, p. 9. 4454: 4447:Tiemann 1998 4442: 4437:, p. 8. 4430: 4418: 4406: 4394: 4367: 4355: 4343: 4331: 4272: 4260: 4233: 4198: 4152: 4125: 4109: 4102:Bellamy 2007 4096: 4083: 4062: 4049: 4036: 4023:in both the 4015: 3998: 3985: 3972: 3947: 3934: 3918:Czechoslovak 3908: 3894: 3877: 3864: 3851: 3840:Kurt Student 3834: 3749: 3738: 3731: 3716: 3676: 3660: 3644: 3637: 3616: 3603: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3549:Halbe pocket 3533:made contact 3521: 3511: 3466: 3449: 3439: 3422: 3418: 3409: 3405: 3396:Kurt Student 3392: 3383: 3374: 3361: 3347: 3331: 3324: 3316: 3311:became the " 3298: 3256: 3236:Führerbunker 3235: 3226:crossed the 3221: 3173: 3169: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3119: 3085: 3075: 3064: 3051:Führerbunker 3050: 3037: 3029: 3023: 3019:Hitlerjugend 3017: 3003: 2997: 2995: 2990:Panzerfausts 2988: 2984: 2954: 2924: 2916: 2911: 2895: 2880: 2876: 2836: 2828: 2822: 2772: 2760: 2707: 2695: 2668: 2623: 2614: 2607: 2599: 2547: 2546:Feldmarshal 2539: 2533: 2525: 2487: 2448: 2440: 2434: 2426: 2371: 2364: 2345: 2337: 2331: 2323: 2287: 2266: 2258: 2252: 2244: 2204: 2197: 2190: 2182: 2122: 2062: 2041: 2010: 1995:Black Forest 1978:East Germany 1975: 1964:Preparations 1920: 1911:Führerbunker 1909: 1903: 1879:Adolf Hitler 1872: 1842: 1826:East Prussia 1811: 1783: 1779:Hitler Youth 1772: 1707: 1680: 1667: 1664:Soviet Union 1659: 1655: 1653: 1519:East Germany 1515:West Germany 1505: 1479:Nazi Germany 1458:1920s Berlin 1287: 1267: 1211: 1210: 1191:Lake Balaton 1179: 1164:East Prussia 1153:Vistula–Oder 1151: 1097: 1090: 1078: 1024: 1013:2nd Smolensk 990: 974: 957: 943: 936: 923: 901: 869: 848:Air war 1941 823: 786: 762:1st Smolensk 729: 718:Arctic Ocean 634: 633: 627:917 aircraft 616: 594: 593: 576: 573:Hitler Youth 549:36 divisions 285: 279:Adolf Hitler 277: 201: 181:Soviet Union 171: 163:Belligerents 65: 53:World War II 47:Part of the 34: 29: 10762:Last stands 10338:Bodenplatte 10224:Gothic Line 9450:West Africa 8997:Philippines 8976:Netherlands 8841:Czech lands 8779:Switzerland 8723:Afghanistan 8674:Philippines 8542:Puerto Rico 8458:Philippines 8444:New Zealand 8430:Netherlands 8383:Free France 8134:Prosecution 7935:Osoaviakhim 7805:West Africa 7789:East Africa 7436:Conferences 7294:20 December 6865:Der Spiegel 6058:Berlin 1945 6004:Empric 2017 5992:Empric 2019 5980:Empric 2019 5968:Beevor 2002 5956:Ziemke 1990 5908:Beevor 2002 5872:Beevor 2002 5860:Beevor 2002 5804:Glantz 1998 5768:Beevor 2002 5753:Beevor 2002 5741:Beevor 2002 5729:Beevor 2002 5717:Ziemke 1969 5705:Ziemke 1969 5693:Beevor 2002 5657:Beevor 2003 5645:Beevor 2003 5633:Ziemke 1969 5618:Ziemke 1969 5601:Ziemke 1969 5572:Beevor 2002 5545:Beevor 2002 5533:Beevor 2002 5521:Ziemke 1969 5509:Beevor 2002 5497:Beevor 2003 5485:Beevor 2003 5454:Beevor 2003 5442:Beevor 2003 5426:Beevor 2002 5414:Beevor 2003 5378:Beevor 2002 5342:Beevor 2003 5313:Beevor 2003 5298:Beevor 2003 5286:Beevor 2003 5274:Beevor 2002 5262:Beevor 2002 5250:Beevor 2003 5238:Beevor 2002 5226:Beevor 2002 5206:Beevor 2002 5194:Beevor 2002 5182:Beevor 2002 5170:Beevor 2002 5158:Beevor 2002 5143:Ziemke 1969 5131:Beevor 2002 5119:Beevor 2002 5095:Ziemke 1969 5083:Beevor 2002 5071:Ziemke 1969 5051:Beevor 2002 5027:Ziemke 1969 5010:Beevor 2003 4995:Ziemke 1969 4971:Beevor 2002 4959:Ziemke 1969 4947:Beevor 2002 4930:Beevor 2003 4918:Beevor 2002 4891:Simons 1982 4879:Ziemke 1969 4867:Beevor 2002 4848:Beevor 2002 4824:Ziemke 1969 4807:Beevor 2002 4790:Beevor 2003 4778:Beevor 2002 4766:Beevor 2002 4739:Beevor 2002 4712:Beevor 2003 4673:Ziemke 1969 4656:Zuljan 2003 4627:Beevor 2003 4615:Beevor 2003 4603:Beevor 2012 4591:Beevor 2002 4579:Beevor 2003 4519:Beevor 2002 4483:Beevor 2002 4459:Beevor 2002 4435:Beevor 2002 4399:Beevor 2002 4360:Beevor 2002 4348:Antill 2005 4336:Glantz 2001 4324:Müller 2008 4265:Wagner 1974 4253:Glantz 1998 4238:Antill 2005 4226:Beevor 2002 4191:Ziemke 1969 4174:Glantz 1998 4157:Zaloga 1982 4140:Gareev 2005 4106:Ziemke 1969 4089:Beevor 2002 4072:Beevor 2002 4055:Beevor 2002 3953:Great Purge 3901:Ziemke 1983 3870:Glantz 1998 3821:Stunde Null 3756:Polish Army 3745:Victory Day 3699:Polish flag 3607:Schönhausen 3575:Scharnhorst 3486:Ludwigslust 3450:Randowbruch 3309:Karl Dönitz 3266:, close by 3182:Sonnenallee 3034:World War I 2883:Alfred Jodl 2750:the German 2731:Lelyushenko 2131:pieces and 2069:Rokossovsky 2022:skirmishing 1883:Nagykanizsa 1816:across the 1718:army groups 1547:(1948–1949) 1540:Berlin Wall 1535:East Berlin 1531:West Berlin 1522:(1945–1990) 1482:(1933–1945) 1449:(1919–1933) 1439:(1918–1947) 1429:(1871–1918) 1419:(1701–1918) 1409:(1157–1806) 1387:History of 1299:Oder–Neisse 986:Gorky Blitz 981:3rd Kharkov 897:2nd Kharkov 799:1st Kharkov 794:Sea of Azov 143:Territorial 122: / 10726:Categories 10438:West Hunan 10271:Pointblank 9607:Silver Fox 9593:Summer War 9346:Winter War 9325:Phoney War 9106:Azerbaijan 9067:Yugoslavia 8962:Luxembourg 8804:Resistance 8551:Yugoslavia 8416:Luxembourg 8218:Sook Ching 8014:War crimes 7616:Technology 7609:Opposition 7551:Lend-Lease 7528:Australian 7521:Home front 7479:Blitzkrieg 7429:Casualties 7420:Commanders 7392:Operations 6659:, Sutton, 6548:1 December 6049:References 6028:rg.ru 2007 5848:White 2003 5039:Lewis 1998 4423:Duffy 1991 4411:Duffy 1991 4372:Duffy 1991 4121:Duffy 1991 4021:war crimes 3957:Winter War 3569:Clausewitz 3518:, Germany. 3500:See also: 3454:Montgomery 3398:. General 3268:Berlin Zoo 3208:See also: 3154:Hans Krebs 3142:Müncheberg 3138:Müncheberg 3065:Müncheberg 3030:Volkssturm 3025:Volkssturm 3022:, and the 2985:Volkssturm 2963:investment 2824:Volkssturm 2808:Werneuchen 2735:4th Guards 2625:Ivan Konev 2591:Ivan Konev 2365:Ninth Army 2065:Königsberg 1991:Haigerloch 1931:Eisenhower 1929:, General 1800:Background 1774:Volkssturm 1745:Ivan Konev 1701:, General 1681:After the 1672:offensives 1288:Clausewitz 1110:2nd Baltic 1105:Dukla Pass 1092:Doppelkopf 1064:2nd Crimea 1008:2nd Donbas 998:1st Donbas 975:Polar Star 925:Stalingrad 809:Sevastopol 804:1st Crimea 747:1st Baltic 731:Barbarossa 708:Baltic Sea 578:Volkssturm 535:investment 255:Ivan Konev 110:13°22′34″E 107:52°31′07″N 70:, May 1945 10503:Manchuria 10389:Indochina 10165:Bagration 9616:Lithuania 9261:Anschluss 9058:Viet Minh 8955:Lithuania 8897:Hong Kong 8667:Manchukuo 8622:Azad Hind 8281:Australia 8081:Aftermath 7944:Paperclip 7839:Aftermath 7639:Total war 7507:Diplomacy 7470:In Europe 7144:Anonymous 7120:978161722 7050:OnWar.com 7030:146414907 7000:5 October 6908:Doubleday 6500:Macmillan 6288:Routledge 6195:Ian Allan 4983:Ryan 1966 4543:Ryan 1966 3940:Bundestag 3806:Panzerbär 3671:BBC Radio 3663:mass rape 3622:Aftermath 3613:Surrender 3535:with the 3462:Stralsund 3343:Kuznetsov 3281:Neustroev 3277:Zinchenko 3244:Eva Braun 3194:Reichstag 3005:Waffen-SS 2927:pillboxes 2859:52nd Army 2780:Magdeburg 2129:artillery 2038:reservoir 2026:engineers 1958:Mosquitos 1864:Pomerania 1769:Waffen-SS 1708:When the 1344:Reichstag 1135:Gumbinnen 1080:Bagration 919:Sinyavino 903:Case Blue 788:Leningrad 713:Black Sea 10666:Politics 10614:Category 10563:document 10473:document 10330:Ardennes 10314:Budapest 10262:Crossbow 10140:Overlord 9979:Smolensk 9197:Timeline 9032:Slovakia 9018:Thailand 8869:Ethiopia 8834:Bulgaria 8758:Portugal 8696:Thailand 8578:Bulgaria 8356:Eswatini 8349:Ethiopia 8302:Bulgaria 8127:Unit 731 8088:Response 7905:Keelhaul 7855:Cold War 7828:Americas 7819:timeline 7812:Atlantic 7692:Theaters 7288:archived 7197:(1995), 7079:3 August 7073:archived 6961:(1982), 6870:archived 6799:(1966), 6782:archived 6625:22 March 6619:archived 6593:(1997), 6576:archived 6494:(2004), 6439:207, 208 6398:(1998), 6282:(1991), 6223:(1962), 6107:(2002), 6090:archived 4027:and the 3766:See also 3752:Flag Day 3586:XX Corps 3490:Schwerin 3301:breakout 3170:Nordland 3146:Nordland 3088:Berzarin 3076:Nordland 3072:was the 2933:Biesdorf 2919:Goebbels 2891:XII Army 2800:Bogdanov 2776:Juterbog 2752:9th Army 2622:Marshal 2447:Marshal 2265:Marshal 2054:trenches 1761:garrison 1730:Hitler's 1687:Red Army 1606:See also 1566:" (1987) 1559:" (1963) 1378:a series 1376:Part of 1329:Oderberg 1180:Solstice 1140:Budapest 1130:Courland 1120:Debrecen 1115:Belgrade 1037:2nd Kiev 909:Caucasus 882:Demyansk 843:Chechnya 777:1st Kiev 533:For the 501:Strength 150:occupies 89:Location 10642:Germany 10628:Portals 10540:Shumshu 10307:Hungary 10254:Estonia 10238:Lapland 10216:Dragoon 10149:Neptune 10131:Ichi-Go 10097:Tempest 10039:Changde 9994:Cottage 9886:Jubilee 9602:Finland 9500:Compass 9206:Prelude 9159:Finland 9045:Vietnam 9011:Romania 8883:Germany 8862:Estonia 8848:Denmark 8827:Belgium 8820:Austria 8813:Albania 8744:Ireland 8730:Andorra 8714:Neutral 8681:Romania 8615:Hungary 8600:Finland 8472:Romania 8364:Finland 8342:Denmark 8288:Belgium 8274:Algeria 7980:Romania 7966:Hungary 7722:Pacific 7446:General 7400:Leaders 7385:Battles 7378:Outline 7328:YouTube 6767:1 April 6693:The war 6677:, Pgw, 6520:, Pan, 4004:the war 3667:pillage 3553:Potsdam 3539:of the 3527:of the 3369:Spandau 3305:suicide 3248:Gestapo 3174:Zentrum 3160:of the 3150:Rybalko 3130:Chuikov 3096:Katukov 3012:force, 2843:Cottbus 2812:IX Army 2788:Schwedt 2784:Stettin 2748:envelop 2723:Rybalko 2133:mortars 2120:River. 2112:out of 2102:Vistula 2058:bunkers 1993:in the 1868:Silesia 1840:River. 1738:Marshal 1736:led by 1674:of the 1662:by the 1351:Bautzen 1282:Schwedt 1174:Breslau 1169:Silesia 1074:Karelia 1026:Dnieper 892:Bamberg 833:Finland 782:Tallinn 571:force, 286:† 212:Germany 145:changes 98:Germany 10517:Debate 10489:Taipei 10482:Borneo 10060:Tarawa 9254:Europe 9215:Africa 9004:Poland 8990:Norway 8969:Malaya 8948:Latvia 8890:Greece 8876:France 8772:Sweden 8737:Bhutan 8465:Poland 8451:Norway 8423:Mexico 8390:Greece 8376:France 8314:Canada 8295:Brazil 8265:Allies 8211:Serbia 8200:Poland 7973:Poland 7959:Baltic 7752:Europe 7454:Topics 7406:Allied 7270:120398 7268: 7223: 7205: 7184: 7157: 7134: 7118: 7108: 7028: 6948: 6942:Hodder 6922: 6892: 6848: 6813: 6788:1 June 6744: 6726: 6708: 6681: 6663: 6645: 6601: 6582:12 May 6568: 6524: 6506: 6481: 6463: 6445: 6408: 6374: 6352: 6330: 6312: 6294: 6269: 6249: 6231: 6201: 6179: 6161: 6139: 6117: 6068: 6062:Osprey 4008:Stalin 3578:, and 3545:Torgau 3516:Torgau 3478:Lübeck 3474:Wismar 3272:burned 3112:Teltow 2925:Steel 2715:Gordov 2669: 2608:Soviet 2534:German 2488: 2435:Soviet 2332:German 2288: 2253:Soviet 2191:German 2118:Neisse 2098:Danzig 1982:Stalin 1899:Vienna 1887:Danube 1834:Poznań 1832:, and 1830:Danzig 1822:Fronts 1714:fronts 1710:Soviet 1691:Berlin 1572:(1989) 1389:Berlin 1380:on the 1334:Pankow 1218:Prague 1212:Berlin 1201:Vienna 1018:Lenino 860:Lyuban 825:Moscow 814:Rostov 772:Odessa 555:1,519 378: 282: 209: 194:Poland 178: 135:Result 94:Berlin 10713:Texts 10696:Media 10293:Leyte 10123:Narva 10109:Anzio 10067:Makin 10025:Burma 9909:Torch 9878:Rzhev 9839:Kiska 8925:Korea 8911:Japan 8904:Italy 8786:Tibet 8765:Spain 8643:Italy 8404:Italy 8397:India 8321:China 8196:Japan 7796:Italy 7708:China 7660:Women 7266:JSTOR 7026:S2CID 6637:[ 6344:[ 4040:Made 3827:Notes 3543:near 3496:South 3436:North 3429:Corps 3158:Chief 2941:Spree 2899:Havel 2711:Forst 2106:Konev 2042:Wotan 2034:swamp 1818:Narew 1726:Halbe 1356:Halbe 1059:Narva 1032:Nevel 992:Kursk 958:Iskra 887:Kholm 871:Rzhev 838:Kerch 819:Gorky 752:Brody 737:Brest 10359:1945 10087:1944 9928:1943 9856:Blue 9846:Attu 9753:1942 9512:1941 9364:1940 9302:1939 9231:Asia 9078:POWs 8918:Jews 8636:Iraq 8562:Axis 8512:Tuva 8328:Cuba 7413:Axis 7296:2019 7221:ISBN 7203:ISBN 7182:ISBN 7155:ISBN 7132:ISBN 7116:OCLC 7106:ISBN 7081:2007 7002:2008 6946:ISBN 6920:ISBN 6890:ISBN 6878:2008 6846:ISBN 6811:ISBN 6790:2011 6769:2012 6742:ISBN 6724:ISBN 6706:ISBN 6679:ISBN 6661:ISBN 6643:ISBN 6627:2012 6599:ISBN 6584:2011 6566:ISBN 6550:2014 6522:ISBN 6504:ISBN 6479:ISBN 6461:ISBN 6443:ISBN 6406:ISBN 6387:Trud 6372:ISBN 6350:ISBN 6328:ISBN 6310:ISBN 6292:ISBN 6267:ISBN 6247:ISBN 6229:ISBN 6199:ISBN 6177:ISBN 6159:ISBN 6137:ISBN 6115:ISBN 6098:2008 6066:ISBN 4142:). 4025:USSR 3789:and 3596:The 3488:and 3476:and 3144:and 3094:and 3049:and 3014:boys 3002:and 2999:Heer 2861:and 2786:and 2739:Elbe 2729:and 2721:and 2056:and 1838:Oder 1777:and 1767:and 1765:Army 1724:and 1654:The 1596:and 1533:and 1517:and 1146:1945 1043:1944 951:1943 937:Mars 854:1942 767:Uman 724:1941 557:AFVs 79:Date 7326:on 7284:BBC 7258:doi 7104:), 7018:doi 3978:POW 3899:to 3456:'s 3329:). 3315:" ( 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