763:
1047:
of a high-ranking troop commander who led "from the front", and combined the skills of a general staff officer with the boldness of the front-line officer. Heinrici's personal writings from the
Eastern Front bear eloquent testimony to this, as well as to the empathy and care he had for his soldiers, for whom he felt responsible. Regarding crimes committed in Heinrici's area of command in the Soviet Union, Hürter writes that despite Heinrici's growing respect for the fighting power of the enemy and a burgeoning understanding of the devastated population, it did not change the fact that war crimes such as the execution of commissars also occurred in Heinrici's area of command.
758:"Hampered by the snow and especially the snowdrifts, often shoveling ourselves out metre by metre, and traveling with vehicles and equipment that are by no means adequate for the Russian winter, behind us the enemy pressing on, concern to bring the troops to safety in time, to carry the wounded along, not to let too many weapons or too much equipment fall into enemy hands, all this was sorely trying for the troops and their leaders...Kitted-out with fabulous winter equipment, the Russians everywhere push through the wide gaps that have opened up in our front...The retreat in snow and ice is absolutely Napoleonic in its manner. The losses are similar."
246:
234:
190:
150:
2715:
2705:
271:
221:
163:
2720:
2710:
31:
507:
177:
209:
2962:
877:, Heinrici withdrew his troops westward and made no attempt to defend the city. By late April, Heinrici ordered the retreat of his army group away from the Oder River. Hitler only became aware of the retreat of Army Group Vistula around 21 April, after a puzzling request by Heinrici, who sought permission to move his headquarters to a new site, which was farther west than Berlin.
2934:
1012:, justified it as easing pressure on the front lines through the exercise of "preventive terror" in the rear. Heinrici wrote home to his family that the Soviet soldier fought "very hard", he concluded that Soviet soldiers were "a much better soldier than the Frenchman. Extremely tough, devious and deceitful." He repeatedly ignored "
774:
In 1944, after the previous successes of the Red Army in
Ukraine, Heinrici repeatedly argued for the retreat of Army Group Center and a concomitant shortening of the front line; Hitler rejected these plans at a staff meeting on 20 May 1944. On 4 June, Heinrici was relieved of command of the 4th Army,
1046:
Hürter writes that
Heinrici proved to be a tough and capable commander who demanded as much of himself as his soldiers. As an army commander, Heinrici constantly maintained personal contact with combat troops on the front. In doing so, he corresponded to the Prussian-German (and also Hitler's) ideal
897:
were marching north, away from Berlin. These troops were part of von
Manteuffel's 3rd Panzer Army. As one of the two armies which made up Heinrici's Army Group Vistula, it was supposed to be on its way to Berlin. Instead, Heinrici was moving it northward in an attempt to halt the Soviet breakthrough
857:
amid shortages of manpower and material. Only the terrain itself favoured
Heinrici; he dug the 9th Army into three defensive lines atop Seelow Heights, overlooking the sandy, swampy banks of the Oder. Manteuffel's 3rd Panzer Army, which had fewer panzers than the 9th, was similarly positioned in the
585:
and his grandfather Carl August
Heinrici, and remained a devout Lutheran throughout his life. Following graduation from secondary school in 1905, he broke from family tradition and joined the army as a cadet in an infantry division on 8 March 1905. From 1905 to 1906, Heinrici attended a war school.
917:
was named as
Heinrici's interim replacement until Student could arrive and assume control of Army Group Vistula. Student was captured by the British before he could take command. The rapidly deteriorating situation that the Germans faced meant that Army Group Vistula's coordination of the armies
648:
Heinrici had two children, Hartmut and Gisela, with his wife
Gertrude. He was a devout Protestant who regularly went to church. His religious faith and refusal to join the Nazi party made him unpopular with the Nazi hierarchy and led to clashes with
747:. During the 4th Army's retreat, it inflicted heavy losses on the advancing Red Army. These successes contributed greatly to Heinrici's reputation as a defensive specialist. Later in 1943, he refused to obey an order to destroy the city of
3047:
1914:
Die
Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des
1919:
The Knight's Cross
Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal
949:, where he remained, except for a three-week transfer to a camp in the United States in October 1947, until his release on 19 May 1948. In the 1950s, he helped create the Operational History (German) Section of the
1019:
As a military commander, historians have described him as the premier defensive expert of the Wehrmacht and a genius admired by his peers, whose present-day obscurity could be due to his being, in the words of
3037:
906:. Keitel located Heinrici on a road near Neubrandenburg, accompanied by Manteuffel. The encounter resulted in a heated confrontation that led to Heinrici's dismissal by 29 April for disobeying orders.
1028:, who interviewed Heinrici after the war, described him in similar terms, as "a small, precise man with a parsonical manner" who "talks as if he were saying grace" and "hardly looks like a soldier."
641:. In February 1918, Heinrici was posted to an infantry division, serving as a staff officer responsible for operations. In this position, he was awarded the Prussian Knight's Cross of the Royal
921:
Heinrici was dismissed by Keitel for refusing to save Hitler. He was summoned to Berlin and would have complied had Captain Hellmuth Lang not persuaded him to "drive as slowly as you can" to
2117:[Orgies of Violence: The records of General Gotthard Heinrici shed new light on the role of the German military elite in the war of annihilation against the Soviet Union].
735:
in 1941. Late in January 1942, Heinrici was given command of the 4th Army. On 24 November 1943, he was awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross for his leadership during the
1039:. In his writings, Heinrici revealed his growing doubts about Hitler's strategy and his mounting concern as the Wehrmacht was implicated in war crimes and the first actions of
1077:
479:
3042:
953:, established in January 1946 to harness the operational knowledge and experience of German prisoners of war for the United States Army. He was also featured prominently in
2143:
3012:
2464:
1788:
1938:
3022:
3002:
950:
1997:
2457:
929:(who had once been Heinrici's adjutant, and later Lang's commander). Heinrici then gave himself up to British forces at Plön on 28 May.
3027:
894:
626:
362:
2102:
2450:
1830:
889:, Chief of the German Armed Forces High Command, was riding along the roads north of Berlin when he noticed that troops of the
739:, during which the 4th Army taking defensive positions near the Orsha region in Belarus, temporarily halted the advance of the
762:
2154:
2085:
2053:
2030:
2007:
1986:
1927:
1902:
1881:
1840:
1819:
1777:
1758:
1717:
1687:
1645:
1626:
1604:
1581:
959:
1809:
2950:
1892:
732:
2191:
1798:
1748:
873:
began. The Soviets attacked with about 1,500,000 men for what they called the "Berlin Offensive Operation". During the
622:
603:
367:
288:
1489:
1219:
1967:
1862:
591:
344:
3017:
720:
2968:
890:
2442:
2257:
1855:
Hitler's Jewish soldiers: the untold story of Nazi racial laws and men of Jewish descent in the German military
716:
633:. In September, he attended a General Staffs officer training course, and later served as a staff officer with
300:
3032:
992:
672:" from Hitler himself, which validated their supposed "Aryan" status and protected them from discrimination.
578:
607:
375:
823:
740:
457:
404:
392:
2065:
Battle for Berlin End of the Third Reich Ballantine's Illustrated History of World War II (Battle Book #6)
414:
3007:
2574:
2501:
1064:
802:, the 1st Panzer Army prevented Soviet forces from linking up with Slovak rebel forces of the concurrent
794:
which was attached to it. He was able to keep the 1st Panzer Army relatively intact as it retreated into
642:
599:
357:
339:
251:
213:
2997:
2924:
2225:
751:
by fire before the German army's retreat, and he was temporarily dismissed from his post as commander.
638:
296:
2892:
2846:
2669:
1571:
1350:
910:
870:
662:, who scorned him. Because Heinrici's wife Gertrude had a Jewish parent, their children were labeled
634:
451:
1739:
2684:
2539:
803:
799:
669:
523:
439:
83:
2514:
1811:
Hitler's Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS
2836:
2674:
2148:
2106:
1071:
736:
685:
434:
2634:
2509:
1701:
863:
859:
827:
2792:
1667:
2366:
1770:
A German General on the Eastern Front. The Letters and Diaries of Gotthard Heinrici 1941–1942
1033:
A German General on the Eastern Front: The Letters and Diaries of Gotthard Heinrici 1941–1942
914:
724:
420:
2861:
2992:
2987:
2644:
2353:
2323:
2291:
1005:
968:
846:
842:
806:. Heinrici was awarded the Swords to the Oak Leaves of his Knight's Cross on 3 March 1945.
791:
708:
704:
689:
630:
409:
304:
2544:
918:
under its nominal command during the last few days of the war was of little significance.
826:. Indicating that he was ill, Himmler had abandoned his post on 13 March and retired to a
767:
712:
123:
8:
2524:
1750:
Hitlers Heerführer: Die deutschen Oberbefehlshaber im Krieg gegen die Sowjetunion 1941/42
985:) woman, Heinrici supported many Nazi nationalistic and fascistic policies including the
830:. At this time, Army Group Vistula's front was less than 80 kilometres (50 mi) from
776:
2714:
2782:
2614:
2604:
2549:
2534:
2423:
1727:
1697:
1655:
1593:
819:
744:
538:
494:
312:
168:
97:
2411:
1036:
1016:" orders, such as the order to destroy the historically significant city of Smolensk.
2856:
2704:
2124:
2081:
2049:
2026:
2003:
1982:
1963:
1923:
1898:
1877:
1858:
1836:
1815:
1794:
1773:
1754:
1713:
1683:
1641:
1622:
1614:
1600:
1577:
1481:
1025:
1021:
782:
In the summer of 1944, after eight months of forced retirement, Heinrici was sent to
546:
270:
93:
2777:
2767:
659:
2938:
2659:
2415:
2304:
2270:
2114:
2068:
1675:
874:
815:
728:
681:
614:
445:
426:
397:
349:
2283:
2876:
2866:
2831:
2812:
2757:
2728:
2719:
2709:
2649:
2629:
2554:
2490:
2478:
2474:
2400:
2387:
2217:
2204:
1850:
1790:
The Berlin 1945 Battlefield Guide:: Part 1: The Battle of the Oder-Neisse, Part 1
1009:
838:
787:
655:
308:
182:
2747:
2472:
1024:, "as charismatic as a 20-pound sack of fertilizer". British military historian
2752:
2664:
2619:
2559:
2183:
1710:
The Eastern Front 1943–1944: The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts
1013:
954:
899:
886:
582:
489:
2689:
2249:
697:
506:
30:
3048:
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
2981:
2906:
2871:
2851:
2772:
2762:
2694:
2679:
2654:
2599:
2128:
1567:
1040:
997:
850:
618:
598:
2nd Class in September 1914. Heinrici's division was then transferred to the
581:. He came from a long line of East Prussian theologians, including his uncle
558:
276:
226:
155:
87:
38:
2025:] (in German). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick.
2911:
2881:
2823:
2802:
2787:
2609:
2594:
2589:
2569:
2529:
2482:
1031:
In 2014, Heinrici's private letters and diaries were published in the book
1001:, although this did not lead him to distance himself from the Nazi regime.
926:
693:
650:
574:
542:
528:
385:
195:
127:
1999:
Visions of Community in Nazi Germany: Social Engineering and Private Lives
531:. Heinrici is considered to have been the premier defensive expert of the
2639:
2624:
2579:
2519:
2379:
1463:
938:
903:
587:
332:
2841:
2797:
2564:
1057:
987:
967:
and was buried with full military honours at the Bergäcker cemetery in
854:
688:'s Army Group C. He commanded the XII Army Corps which was part of the
595:
239:
1712:] (in German). Vol. VIII. München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
2898:
2739:
1493:
1060:
of 1914: 2nd Class (27 September 1914) & 1st Class (24 July 1915)
981:
964:
668:(partly Jewish) under Nazi racial law. However, Heinrici received a "
664:
570:
533:
119:
79:
775:
which was later encircled east of Minsk and nearly destroyed during
2119:
991:
concept of territorial expansion, but disagreed with many of their
942:
795:
748:
554:
527:; 25 December 1886 – 10 December 1971) was a German general during
3038:
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom
1451:
1706:
Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten
1220:"GERMANY AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR: STALINGRAD AND BEYOND 1942-43"
853:. Heinrici was tasked with preventing a Soviet attack across the
783:
925:
instead, informing him that he would be murdered in Berlin like
922:
831:
550:
101:
1379:
2944:
1922:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag.
946:
1133:
1078:
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
480:
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
1635:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1469:
1700:; Schmider, Klaus; Schönherr, Klaus; Schreiber, Gerhard;
1619:
Red Storm on the Reich: The Soviet March On Germany, 1945
1367:
1150:
1148:
2080:. Washington D.C.: Center of Military History, US Army.
1528:
1526:
1439:
1403:
1296:
1272:
1236:
1074:: 2nd Class (13 May 1940) & 1st Class (16 June 1940)
2144:"Die deutschen Heeresgruppen Teil 2, Zweiter Weltkrieg"
1772:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military.
1595:
The Decline and Fall of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan
1538:
1511:
1499:
1332:
902:, contrary to orders of Keitel and his deputy, General
2048:] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag.
1427:
1145:
1123:
1121:
692:. Heinrici's forces succeeded in breaking through the
2922:
1960:
Operation Barbarossa and Germany's Defeat in the East
1523:
1415:
1391:
1320:
1308:
1284:
1260:
858:
north to delay a possible flanking strike by Marshal
3043:
Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class
1248:
1187:
1177:
1175:
2078:
Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East
1874:
Slutstriden. Slaget om Berlin 16 april - 2 maj 1945
1828:
1814:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 69.
1457:
1355:
1118:
610:, receiving the Iron Cross 1st Class in July 1915.
292:
14th Company, 13th Württembergish Infantry Regiment
62:(lit. "our venomous dwarf"; "our nasty little man")
1592:
1199:
1160:
1172:
2979:
1939:"Das Inferno der Autobahnschlachten in Russland"
837:Army Group Vistula consisted of two armies: the
3013:Colonel generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)
1996:Steber, Martina; Gotto, Bernhard (8 May 2014).
1829:Papadopoulos, Randy; Zabecki, David T. (2015).
1696:
1638:WWII: Time-Life History of the Second World War
995:. He was shocked by the anti-Jewish pogroms of
2046:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K
1857:. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas.
2458:
1876:. Stockholm, Sweden: Albert Bonniers Förlag.
1100:and Commander-in-Chief of the 1st Panzer Army
951:United States Army Center of Military History
294:III Battalion, 3rd Prussian Infantry Regiment
1979:The German War: A Nation Under Arms, 1939-45
1086:and commanding General of XXXXIII Army Corps
1067:, Knight's Cross with Swords (9 August 1918)
629:. In March 1917, Heinrici was posted to the
617:. Beginning in September 1916, he served in
577:, the son of a minister of the (Protestant)
274:
36:
1995:
1385:
2465:
2451:
2424:Heeresgruppe Weichsel (Army Group Vistula)
2042:Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K
29:
2023:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 4
1976:
1962:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1786:
1590:
1433:
1409:
1302:
1278:
684:, Heinrici's command was part of General
2016:
1911:
1897:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 507–508.
1549:
1154:
1139:
979:Despite being married to a half-Jewish (
937:After his capture, Heinrici was held at
809:
761:
564:
2112:
1936:
1832:World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia
1807:
1445:
1326:
1205:
1082:Knight's Cross on 18 September 1941 as
818:with Heinrici as Commander-in-Chief of
613:In May 1916, Heinrici took part in the
2980:
2075:
2062:
2039:
1957:
1767:
1746:
1566:
1532:
1517:
1505:
1421:
1397:
1373:
1314:
1290:
1266:
1242:
1193:
1181:
1127:
1093:and Commander-in-Chief of the 4th Army
2446:
2019:Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 4
1937:Seewald, Berthold (7 November 2013).
1674:
1613:
1254:
522:
3023:German Army personnel of World War I
3003:Military personnel from East Prussia
2951:
2113:Ullrich, Volker (7 September 2013).
1890:
1871:
1849:
1361:
1338:
1166:
941:, a British prisoner of war camp at
1747:Hürter, Johannes (1 January 2007).
1636:Editors of Time-Life Books (1989).
13:
2196:12 October 1937 – 31 January 1940
1089:Oak Leaves on 24 November 1943 as
814:On 20 March 1945, Hitler replaced
604:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
368:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
16:German general during World War II
14:
3059:
2096:
1217:
1065:Royal House Order of Hohenzollern
909:Heinrici was replaced by General
715:as the commanding general of the
345:German invasion of Belgium (1914)
3028:20th-century Freikorps personnel
2960:
2932:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
932:
733:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
505:
269:
244:
232:
219:
207:
188:
175:
161:
148:
2392:15 August 1944 – 19 March 1945
2262:17 June 1940 - 20 January 1942
1475:
1470:Editors of Time-Life Books 1989
1458:Papadopoulos & Zabecki 2015
1344:
675:
2428:20 March 1945 – 28 April 1945
2296:20 January 1942 – 6 June 1942
1211:
541:, formed from the remnants of
516:Gotthard Fedor August Heinrici
51:Gotthard Fedor August Heinrici
1:
1106:
1008:, Heinrici, on receiving the
895:25th Panzergrenadier Division
786:and placed in command of the
770:(left) and Heinrici, mid-1943
579:Evangelical Church in Germany
569:Heinrici was born in 1886 at
524:[ˈɡɔthaʁthaɪnˈʁiːtsi]
2230:9 April 1940 – 17 June 1940
1977:Stargardt, Nicholas (2015).
1640:. Barnes & Noble Books.
880:
798:. Later in 1944, during the
754:Heinrici wrote in his diary:
645:with Swords in August 1918.
458:Battle of the Seelow Heights
7:
2575:Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord
2358:31 July 1943 – 4 June 1944
1682:. New York: Penguin Group.
1621:. New York: Da Capo Press.
1599:. New York: Bonanza Books.
963:. Heinrici died in 1971 in
885:On 28 April, Field Marshal
643:House Order of Hohenzollern
10:
3064:
1835:. Routledge. p. 338.
1793:. Stroud: Fonthill Media.
1573:Berlin – The Downfall 1945
1486:The Other Side of the Hill
1096:Swords on 3 March 1945 as
602:. There, he fought in the
592:German invasion of Belgium
2890:
2847:Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
2811:
2727:
2701:
2670:Eugen Ritter von Schobert
2489:
2430:
2420:
2407:
2394:
2384:
2373:
2360:
2350:
2341:
2330:
2328:15 July 1942 – June 1943
2320:
2311:
2298:
2288:
2281:General der Gebirgstruppe
2277:
2264:
2254:
2247:General der Gebirgstruppe
2243:
2232:
2222:
2211:
2198:
2188:
2177:
2172:
1787:McCormack, David (2017).
1768:Hürter, Johannes (2014).
1591:Dollinger, Hans (1967) .
1050:
974:
871:Battle of the Oder-Neisse
721:Battle of Białystok–Minsk
707:, Heinrici served in the
590:, Heinrici fought in the
501:
485:
475:
452:Battle of the Oder-Neisse
415:Battle of Białystok-Minsk
318:
284:
265:
257:
202:
143:
133:
109:
66:
55:
47:
28:
21:
2685:Heinrich von Vietinghoff
2540:Nikolaus von Falkenhorst
2076:Ziemke, Earl F. (2002).
2063:Ziemke, Earl F. (1969).
2017:Stockert, Peter (1998).
1981:. London: Random House.
1891:Ryan, Cornelius (1966).
1872:Ryan, Cornelius (1995).
1808:Mitcham, Samuel (2012).
1704:; Wegner, Bernd (2007).
1576:. Viking-Penguin Books.
804:Slovak National Uprising
800:Battle of the Dukla Pass
670:German Blood Certificate
537:. His final command was
440:Battle of the Dukla Pass
84:Province of East Prussia
3018:Prussian Army personnel
2192:16. Infanterie-Division
2149:German Federal Archives
2107:German National Library
1912:Scherzer, Veit (2007).
1386:Steber & Gotto 2014
1351:www.specialcamp11.co.uk
1072:Clasp to the Iron Cross
686:Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb
627:115th Infantry Division
435:Orsha offensives (1943)
2635:Eberhard von Mackensen
2434:General der Infanterie
2364:General der Infanterie
2236:General der Infanterie
2215:General der Infanterie
2151:- Freiburg im Breisgau
2040:Thomas, Franz (1997).
1958:Stahel, David (2009).
1680:The Third Reich at War
1084:General der Infanterie
864:2nd Byelorussian Front
860:Konstantin Rokossovsky
771:
760:
363:East Prussian Campaign
289:16th Infantry Division
275:
37:
2515:Hans-Jürgen von Arnim
2436:Kurt von Tippelskirch
2367:Kurt von Tippelskirch
1753:. Walter de Gruyter.
915:Kurt von Tippelskirch
810:Retreat from the Oder
765:
756:
565:Early life and career
376:Battle of Łódź (1914)
258:Years of service
3033:Reichswehr personnel
2893:Oberst-Gruppenführer
2645:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
1142:, pp. 151, 152.
1006:Operation Barbarossa
969:Freiburg im Breisgau
843:Hasso von Manteuffel
828:sanatorium at Lychen
792:Hungarian First Army
705:Operation Barbarossa
631:German General Staff
421:First Battle of Kiev
410:Operation Barbarossa
214:Imperial German Army
92:(present-day Gusev,
2793:Hans-Jürgen Stumpff
2525:Johannes Blaskowitz
2258:XXXXIII. Armeekorps
2115:"Orgien der Gewalt"
1698:Frieser, Karl-Heinz
1388:, pp. 261–262.
1376:, pp. 154–155.
1341:, pp. 507–508.
1245:, pp. 323–325.
891:7th Panzer Division
777:Operation Bagration
621:positions with the
557:advancing from the
82:, Kreis Gumbinnen,
3008:German Protestants
2862:Alfred Saalwächter
2615:Hans-Valentin Hube
2605:Karl-Adolf Hollidt
2550:Werner von Fritsch
2535:Friedrich Dollmann
1666:has generic name (
1615:Duffy, Christopher
820:Army Group Vistula
772:
745:Vasiliy Sokolovsky
731:. He received the
717:XXXXIII Army Corps
623:XXIV Reserve Corps
539:Army Group Vistula
495:Gerd von Rundstedt
313:Army Group Vistula
301:XXXXIII Army Corps
169:Kingdom of Prussia
138:Bergäcker Cemetery
98:Kaliningrad Oblast
2998:People from Gusev
2947:Gotthard Heinrici
2920:
2919:
2857:Wilhelm Marschall
2585:Gotthard Heinrici
2545:Johannes Frießner
2441:
2440:
2431:Succeeded by
2395:Succeeded by
2361:Succeeded by
2331:Succeeded by
2299:Succeeded by
2265:Succeeded by
2233:Succeeded by
2199:Succeeded by
2173:Military offices
2103:Gotthard Heinrici
2087:978-1-78039-287-5
2055:978-3-7648-2299-6
2032:978-3-932915-03-1
2009:978-0-19-100373-8
1988:978-1-4735-2373-9
1929:978-3-938845-17-2
1904:978-1-4736-2008-7
1883:978-91-0-056032-4
1842:978-1-135-81242-3
1821:978-1-4422-1154-4
1779:978-1-78159-396-7
1760:978-3-486-70744-1
1719:978-3-421-06235-2
1702:Ungváry, Kristián
1689:978-0-14-311671-4
1676:Evans, Richard J.
1647:978-1-56619-984-1
1628:978-0-306-80505-9
1606:978-0-517-01313-7
1583:978-0-670-03041-5
1482:B.H. Liddell Hart
1448:, pp. 66–67.
1224:www.gresham.ac.uk
1026:B.H. Liddell Hart
1022:Samuel W. Mitcham
869:On 16 April, the
790:; as well as the
768:Günther von Kluge
713:Günther von Kluge
700:on 14 June 1940.
547:Army Group Center
513:
512:
124:Baden-Württemberg
94:Gusevsky District
23:Gotthard Heinrici
3055:
2973:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2660:Hans von Salmuth
2479:General Admirals
2475:Colonel Generals
2467:
2460:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2416:Heinrich Himmler
2408:Preceded by
2374:Preceded by
2347:Hans von Salmuth
2342:Preceded by
2336:Hans von Salmuth
2317:Hans von Salmuth
2312:Preceded by
2305:Hans von Salmuth
2278:Preceded by
2271:Gerhard Berthold
2244:Preceded by
2212:Preceded by
2178:Preceded by
2170:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2153:. Archived from
2139:
2137:
2135:
2091:
2072:
2069:Ballantine Books
2059:
2036:
2013:
1992:
1973:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1933:
1908:
1887:
1868:
1851:Rigg, Bryan Mark
1846:
1825:
1804:
1783:
1764:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1723:
1693:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1632:
1610:
1598:
1587:
1553:
1547:
1536:
1530:
1521:
1520:, p. 39-43.
1515:
1509:
1508:, p. 23-37.
1503:
1497:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1218:EVANS, Richard.
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
875:Battle of Berlin
816:Heinrich Himmler
729:Battle of Moscow
703:In 1941, during
682:Battle of France
615:Battle of Verdun
526:
521:
509:
446:Battle of Berlin
427:Battle of Moscow
398:Battle of France
350:Battle of Verdun
280:
273:
250:
248:
247:
238:
236:
235:
225:
223:
222:
212:
211:
210:
194:
192:
191:
181:
179:
178:
167:
165:
164:
154:
152:
151:
116:
113:10 December 1971
105:
77:25 December 1886
76:
74:
42:
33:
19:
18:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3052:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2952:sister projects
2949:at Knowledge's
2943:
2933:
2931:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2896:
2886:
2877:Walter Warzecha
2867:Otto Schniewind
2832:Conrad Albrecht
2821:
2815:
2813:General Admiral
2807:
2758:Hans Jeschonnek
2737:
2731:
2729:Colonel General
2723:
2699:
2650:Lothar Rendulic
2630:Georg Lindemann
2555:Friedrich Fromm
2499:
2493:
2491:Colonel General
2485:
2471:
2437:
2427:
2418:
2412:Reichsführer-SS
2403:
2401:Walther Nehring
2391:
2382:
2369:
2357:
2348:
2337:
2327:
2318:
2307:
2295:
2286:
2273:
2261:
2252:
2239:
2238:Walther Schroth
2229:
2226:XII. Armeekorps
2220:
2218:Walther Schroth
2207:
2205:Heinrich Krampf
2195:
2186:
2181:Generalleutnant
2160:
2158:
2157:on 9 March 2016
2142:
2133:
2131:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2056:
2033:
2010:
1989:
1970:
1948:
1946:
1930:
1905:
1894:The last battle
1884:
1865:
1843:
1822:
1801:
1780:
1761:
1735:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1690:
1663:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1629:
1607:
1584:
1557:
1556:
1548:
1539:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1119:
1109:
1053:
1037:Johannes Hürter
1010:Commissar Order
993:racial policies
977:
960:The Last Battle
935:
883:
849:led by General
841:led by General
839:3rd Panzer Army
812:
788:1st Panzer Army
743:led by General
737:Battle of Orsha
678:
656:Reichsmarschall
594:and earned the
567:
519:
493:
471:
470:
469:
382:
327:
311:
309:1st Panzer Army
307:
303:
299:
295:
293:
291:
245:
243:
242:
233:
231:
220:
218:
208:
206:
189:
187:
186:
183:Weimar Republic
176:
174:
162:
160:
149:
147:
139:
118:
114:
91:
90:
78:
72:
70:
60:Unser Giftzwerg
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2975:
2974:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2818:Generaladmiral
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2778:Alexander Löhr
2775:
2770:
2768:Günther Korten
2765:
2760:
2755:
2753:Ulrich Grauert
2750:
2744:
2742:
2725:
2724:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2665:Rudolf Schmidt
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:Erwin Jaenecke
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2560:Heinz Guderian
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2487:
2486:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2396:
2393:
2388:1. Panzerarmee
2383:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2359:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2297:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2263:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2200:
2197:
2187:
2184:Gerhard Glokke
2179:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2140:
2110:
2098:
2097:External links
2095:
2093:
2092:
2086:
2073:
2060:
2054:
2037:
2031:
2014:
2008:
2002:. OUP Oxford.
1993:
1987:
1974:
1968:
1955:
1934:
1928:
1915:Bundesarchives
1909:
1903:
1888:
1882:
1869:
1863:
1847:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1805:
1800:978-1781556078
1799:
1784:
1778:
1765:
1759:
1744:
1718:
1694:
1688:
1672:
1664:|author1=
1646:
1633:
1627:
1611:
1605:
1588:
1582:
1568:Beevor, Antony
1563:
1555:
1554:
1552:, p. 377.
1537:
1535:, p. 263.
1522:
1510:
1498:
1474:
1472:, p. 414.
1462:
1460:, p. 338.
1450:
1438:
1434:McCormack 2017
1426:
1424:, p. 155.
1414:
1412:, p. 171.
1410:Stargardt 2015
1402:
1400:, p. 512.
1390:
1378:
1366:
1364:, p. 171.
1354:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1317:, p. 128.
1307:
1305:, p. 228.
1303:Dollinger 1967
1295:
1293:, p. 338.
1283:
1281:, p. 171.
1279:Dollinger 1967
1271:
1269:, p. 287.
1259:
1257:, p. 241.
1247:
1235:
1210:
1198:
1196:, p. 206.
1186:
1171:
1169:, p. 433.
1159:
1157:, p. 152.
1144:
1132:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1014:scorched-earth
1004:On the eve of
976:
973:
957:'s 1966 book,
955:Cornelius Ryan
934:
931:
900:Neubrandenburg
887:Wilhelm Keitel
882:
879:
811:
808:
766:Field Marshal
725:Battle of Kiev
677:
674:
660:Hermann Göring
608:Battle of Łódź
583:Georg Heinrici
566:
563:
511:
510:
503:
499:
498:
490:Georg Heinrici
487:
483:
482:
477:
473:
472:
468:
467:
466:
465:
464:
463:
462:
461:
443:
437:
432:
431:
430:
424:
418:
402:
401:
400:
381:
380:
379:
378:
373:
372:
371:
355:
354:
353:
347:
329:
328:
323:
322:
320:
316:
315:
297:XII Army Corps
286:
282:
281:
267:
263:
262:
259:
255:
254:
230:
229:
204:
200:
199:
173:
172:
145:
141:
140:
137:
135:
131:
130:
117:(aged 84)
111:
107:
106:
68:
64:
63:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3060:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2971:
2970:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2948:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:Sepp Dietrich
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Otto Schultze
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:Oskar Kummetz
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Hermann Boehm
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Günther Rüdel
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:Bruno Loerzer
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:Alfred Keller
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2734:Generaloberst
2730:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2695:Kurt Zeitzler
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:Karl Strecker
2678:
2676:
2675:Adolf Strauss
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Richard Ruoff
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Erich Hoepner
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2496:Generaloberst
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2422:Commander of
2417:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:Generaloberst
2390:
2389:
2386:Commander of
2381:
2378:
2377:Generaloberst
2372:
2368:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2352:Commander of
2346:
2345:Generaloberst
2340:
2335:
2334:Generaloberst
2326:
2325:
2322:Commander of
2316:
2315:Generaloberst
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:Generaloberst
2294:
2293:
2290:Commander of
2285:
2284:Ludwig Kübler
2282:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2256:Commander of
2251:
2248:
2242:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2224:Commander of
2219:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2190:Commander of
2185:
2182:
2176:
2171:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2130:
2126:
2123:(in German).
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1969:9780521768474
1965:
1961:
1956:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1864:0-7006-1178-9
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1729:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1657:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1551:
1550:Scherzer 2007
1546:
1544:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1502:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1329:, p. 69.
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1155:Stockert 1998
1151:
1149:
1141:
1140:Stockert 1998
1136:
1130:, p. 10.
1129:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1099:
1098:Generaloberst
1095:
1092:
1091:Generaloberst
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1041:the Holocaust
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
999:
998:Kristallnacht
994:
990:
989:
984:
983:
972:
970:
966:
962:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
933:Post-war life
930:
928:
924:
919:
916:
912:
907:
905:
901:
896:
892:
888:
878:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
856:
852:
851:Theodor Busse
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
824:Eastern Front
821:
817:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
769:
764:
759:
755:
752:
750:
746:
742:
741:Western Front
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
673:
671:
667:
666:
661:
658:
657:
652:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
619:General Staff
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
600:Eastern Front
597:
593:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
562:
560:
559:Vistula River
556:
555:Soviet armies
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:
530:
525:
517:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
488:
484:
481:
478:
474:
459:
456:
455:
453:
450:
449:
447:
444:
441:
438:
436:
433:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
412:
411:
408:
407:
406:
405:Eastern Front
403:
399:
396:
395:
394:
393:Western Front
391:
390:
389:
388:
387:
377:
374:
369:
366:
365:
364:
361:
360:
359:
358:Eastern Front
356:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
341:
340:Western Front
338:
337:
336:
335:
334:
326:
321:
317:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
290:
287:
283:
279:
278:
277:Generaloberst
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
241:
228:
227:Prussian Army
217:
216:
215:
205:
201:
197:
184:
170:
159:
158:
157:
156:German Empire
146:
142:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
89:
88:German Empire
85:
81:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
40:
39:Generaloberst
32:
27:
20:
2972:from Commons
2967:
2946:
2912:Paul Hausser
2891:
2882:Karl Witzell
2824:Kriegsmarine
2817:
2803:Hubert Weise
2788:Kurt Student
2748:Otto Deßloch
2733:
2610:Hermann Hoth
2595:Carl Hilpert
2590:Walter Heitz
2584:
2570:Franz Halder
2530:Eduard Dietl
2510:Wilhelm Adam
2495:
2483:Nazi Germany
2433:
2421:
2410:
2397:
2385:
2376:
2363:
2351:
2344:
2333:
2321:
2314:
2301:
2289:
2280:
2268:Generalmajor
2267:
2255:
2246:
2235:
2223:
2214:
2202:Generalmajor
2201:
2189:
2180:
2159:. Retrieved
2155:the original
2147:
2132:. Retrieved
2118:
2077:
2064:
2045:
2041:
2022:
2018:
1998:
1978:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1942:
1918:
1913:
1893:
1873:
1854:
1831:
1810:
1789:
1769:
1749:
1709:
1705:
1679:
1637:
1618:
1594:
1572:
1560:Bibliography
1559:
1558:
1513:
1501:
1485:
1477:
1465:
1453:
1446:Mitcham 2012
1441:
1436:, p. ?.
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1346:
1334:
1327:Mitcham 2012
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1227:. Retrieved
1223:
1213:
1206:Seewald 2013
1201:
1189:
1162:
1135:
1111:
1110:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1045:
1032:
1030:
1018:
1003:
996:
986:
980:
978:
958:
936:
920:
911:Kurt Student
908:
884:
868:
836:
813:
781:
773:
757:
753:
702:
694:Maginot Line
679:
676:World War II
663:
654:
647:
612:
575:East Prussia
568:
543:Army Group A
532:
529:World War II
515:
514:
386:World War II
384:
383:
331:
330:
324:
319:Battles/wars
196:Nazi Germany
128:West Germany
115:(1971-12-10)
59:
35:Heinrici as
2993:1971 deaths
2988:1886 births
2690:Walter Weiß
2640:Erhard Raus
2625:Alfred Jodl
2580:Josef Harpe
2520:Ludwig Beck
2380:Erhard Raus
2250:Franz Böhme
2161:15 February
2134:15 February
1945:(in German)
1736:|work=
1533:Thomas 1997
1518:Hürter 2014
1506:Hürter 2014
1422:Stahel 2009
1398:Hürter 2007
1374:Hürter 2007
1315:Ziemke 1969
1291:Beevor 2002
1267:Beevor 2002
1243:Ziemke 2002
1194:Ziemke 2002
1182:Hürter 2014
1128:Hürter 2014
939:Island Farm
904:Alfred Jodl
893:and of the
719:during the
698:Saarbrücken
680:During the
588:World War I
333:World War I
325:See battles
252:German Army
198:(1933–1945)
185:(1918–1933)
171:(1905–1918)
56:Nickname(s)
2982:Categories
2842:Rolf Carls
2798:Ernst Udet
2565:Curt Haase
1490:pp.267-268
1255:Duffy 1991
1229:2021-07-20
1107:References
1058:Iron Cross
1035:edited by
988:Lebensraum
913:. General
855:Oder River
665:Mischlinge
639:VIII Corps
596:Iron Cross
549:to defend
240:Reichsheer
144:Allegiance
73:1886-12-25
48:Birth name
2939:Biography
2899:Waffen-SS
2740:Luftwaffe
2129:0044-2070
2109:catalogue
1738:ignored (
1728:cite book
1656:cite book
1494:Pan Books
1362:Rigg 2002
1339:Ryan 1966
1167:Rigg 2002
1112:Citations
1063:Prussian
1056:Prussian
982:Mischling
965:Karlsruhe
881:Dismissal
696:south of
635:VII Corps
571:Gumbinnen
553:from the
534:Wehrmacht
502:Signature
486:Relations
261:1905–1945
120:Karlsruhe
80:Gumbinnen
2354:4. Armee
2324:4. Armee
2292:4. Armee
2120:Die Zeit
1943:Die Welt
1920:Archives
1853:(2002).
1678:(2008).
1617:(1991).
1570:(2002).
945:, South
943:Bridgend
847:9th Army
845:and the
796:Slovakia
749:Smolensk
727:and the
709:4th Army
690:1st Army
637:and the
625:and the
606:and the
497:(cousin)
305:4th Army
285:Commands
2897:of the
2822:of the
2738:of the
2500:of the
2473:German
2105:in the
822:on the
784:Hungary
586:During
520:German:
492:(uncle)
454:(1945)
448:(1945)
2925:Portal
2127:
2084:
2052:
2029:
2006:
1985:
1966:
1949:8 June
1926:
1901:
1880:
1861:
1839:
1818:
1797:
1776:
1757:
1716:
1686:
1644:
1625:
1603:
1580:
1051:Awards
975:Legacy
927:Rommel
832:Berlin
723:, the
711:under
651:Hitler
551:Berlin
476:Awards
460:(1945)
442:(1944)
429:(1941)
423:(1941)
417:(1941)
370:(1914)
352:(1916)
249:
237:
224:
203:Branch
193:
180:
166:
153:
134:Buried
102:Russia
2969:Media
2044:[
2021:[
1917:[
1708:[
1496:1983.
1070:1939
947:Wales
2502:Army
2477:and
2163:2016
2136:2016
2125:ISSN
2082:ISBN
2050:ISBN
2027:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1983:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1951:2020
1924:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1837:ISBN
1816:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1774:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1740:help
1714:ISBN
1684:ISBN
1668:help
1642:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1601:ISBN
1578:ISBN
923:Plön
653:and
545:and
266:Rank
110:Died
67:Born
2481:of
1043:.
898:at
862:'s
573:in
2984::
2146:.
2067:.
1941:.
1732::
1730:}}
1726:{{
1660::
1658:}}
1654:{{
1540:^
1525:^
1492:,
1488:,
1484:,
1222:.
1174:^
1147:^
1120:^
971:.
866:.
834:.
779:.
561:.
126:,
122:,
100:,
96:,
86:,
2955::
2927::
2820:)
2816:(
2736:)
2732:(
2498:)
2494:(
2466:e
2459:t
2452:v
2165:.
2138:.
2090:.
2071:.
2058:.
2035:.
2012:.
1991:.
1972:.
1953:.
1932:.
1907:.
1886:.
1867:.
1845:.
1824:.
1803:.
1782:.
1763:.
1742:)
1722:.
1692:.
1670:)
1650:.
1631:.
1609:.
1586:.
1232:.
1208:.
1184:.
518:(
104:)
75:)
71:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
