376:
384:
893:
576:
405:. This continued into Abaqa's reign, and the Golden Horde invaded the Ilkhanate in the spring after his accession. The invasion was partly due to an alliance between the Golden Horde and the Egyptian Mamluks. As part of this alliance, the Golden Horde attempted to distract Abaqa through attacks on his territories so as to keep him from invading Mamluk-held Syria. The hostilities continued until the death of the Golden Horde's khan,
742:
60:
640:"After talking over the matter, we have on our account resolved to send to your aid Cemakar (Samagar) at the head of a mighty force; thus, when you discuss among yourselves the other plans involving the aforementioned Cemakar be sure to make explicit arrangements as to the exact month and day on which you will engage the enemy."
349:. Since Hulagu died before she arrived, she was instead married to Hulagu's son, Abaqa. He received her hand in marriage when he was installed as Ilkhan. When Hulagu's wife Doquz Khatun also died in 1265, the role of spiritual leader transferred to Maria, who was called "Despina Khatun" by the Mongols.
413:
did not launch a major invasion into Abaqa's territory. However, Möngke TemĂŒr still established an alliance with the
Egyptian Mamluk sultan Baibars promising that he would attack Abaqa and share any conquered territories. But, at the same time, Möngke TemĂŒr sent envoys to congratulate Abaqa when the
662:. Edward, for his part, was never able to muster his own forces to coordinate actions with the Mongols or even achieve any military victories, so Abaqa's forces eventually withdrew. When Baibars mounted a counter-offensive from Egypt on 12 November 1271, the Mongols had already retreated beyond the
566:
read a report to the assembly, reminding them of Hulagu's friendliness towards
Christians, and assuring them that Abaqa planned to drive the Muslims from Syria. But neither this diplomatic mission, nor two further embassies to Europe in 1276 and 1277, brought any tangible results.
837:
After Abaqa's death, his widow Maria fled back to
Constantinople where her father, apparently wishing to spare his capital the fate that befell Baghdad, tried to marry her off again to another Mongol khan. Maria would not accept the offer, became a
732:
The
Mongols finally retreated, pledging to come back for the winter of 1281. They informed the Franks that they would bring 50,000 Mongol horsemen and 50,000 Mongol infantry, but apparently this pledge did not receive a response.
620:
When Edward arrived in Acre, he had sent an embassy to Abaqa, led by
Reginald Rossel, Godefroi of Waus and John of Parker, requesting military assistance from the Mongols. Abaqa was occupied with other conflicts in
616:
arrived in Acre in 1271, trying to lead a new
Crusade. It was ultimately considered a military failure, but Edward was able to eventually secure a truce with the Mamluks before he had to return to England.
379:
Gold Dinar of Abaqa Khan, Isfahan Mint. Obverse: Al-Mulku Lillah, La Ilaha Illa Lah
Muhammad Rasul - lallah Sallallahu Alayhi vasallam. Revers: Qa An Shah A'lam Ilkhan Al-A'azam Abaqa Khalada mulk allah
717:
urged the Franks to start a new
Crusade, but only the Hospitallers and Edward I (who could not come for lack of funds) responded favourably. The Hospitallers of Marqab made combined raids into the
1135:
1517:"Mangu Timur commanded the Mongol centre, with other Mongol princes on his left, and on his right his Georgian auxiliaries, with King Leo and the Hospitallers", Runciman, pp. 391â392.
853:, who despite his earlier conflicts with the Egyptian Mamluks, had converted to Islam. Tekuder reversed Abaqa's pro-Christian policies and proposed an alliance with the Mamluk Sultan
706:. The Vicar of the Patriarch declined Abaqa's request, saying that the city was suffering from hunger, and that the king of Jerusalem was embroiled in another war. The King of Cyprus
362:
Some of the coins from Abaqa's era display the
Christian cross, and bear in Arabic the Christian inscription "In the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, only one God".
546:
in 1269. Abaqa is recorded as having written to the
Aragonese king, saying that he was going to send his brother, Aghai, to join the Aragonese when they arrived in
2183:
609:
vassal states of the Ilkhanate. In 1268, the Mamluk leader Baibars captured Antioch, and Bohemond obtained a truce with Baibars in order to avoid losing Tripoli.
654:
southward. Though the force was relatively small, they triggered an exodus of the Muslim population (who remembered the previous campaigns of the Mongol general
2111:
830:. This illness was probably caused by too much consumption of alcohol, a habit common to many Mongol leaders. However, in 1285, his minister of finance
1845:
2178:
710:
and Bohemond VII mobilised their armies, but could not intervene because the Mamluks had already positioned themselves between them and the Mongols.
3054:
2517:
1130:"The Salghurid Coinage of FÄrs (Iran) Citing the Mongols: The Varieties of Overlordships, Form and Content (623â685/1226â1286)", Mohammad Younis,
1688:
1503:
These monk-knights had supported the Mongols wholeheartedly, going so far as to fight alongside them during a fresh attempted invasion in 1281.
286:. Much of Abaqa's reign was consumed with civil wars in the Mongol Empire, such as those between the Ilkhanate and the northern khanate of the
359:
Abaqa took power four months after the death of his father, and then spent the next several months redistributing fiefs and governorships.
346:
2661:
1840:
409:, in 1267. The Great Khan Kublai attempted to intervene to stop the civil war, and due to his influence, the Golden Horde's new khan,
2429:
2421:
333:
to add a daughter of the Byzantine imperial family to Hulagu's number of wives. Michael VIII had selected his illegitimate daughter
1908:
3132:
2669:
2725:
1801:
1664:
538:
between his forces, those of the West, and those of his father-in-law Michael VIII. He received responses from Rome and from
3147:
2752:
2701:
2677:
2476:
2442:
2126:
501:
2460:
2413:
375:
3137:
2494:
2709:
2637:
2621:
1824:
1780:
1760:
1742:
1719:
1609:
1572:
1597:
Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia: Aspects of Administrative, Economic, and Social History, 11th-14th Century
2693:
2653:
877:. Arghun had his uncle Tekuder executed and took power himself, returning to the pro-Christian policies of Abaqa.
3142:
2717:
2645:
2551:
2387:
484:
in Georgia. In the following year, he retaliated by sending an army against the Chagatai Khanate. They plundered
2768:
2613:
2525:
2450:
2121:
526:
Abaqa was one in a long line of Mongol rulers who attempted to secure Western co-operation against the Muslim
3098:
2824:
2795:
2685:
2168:
2141:
2136:
924:
2605:
2403:
2146:
2131:
2776:
2744:
2595:
2543:
2395:
1901:
796:
773:
239:
383:
329:
Hulagu died from illness in 1265. Before his death, he had been negotiating with the Byzantine Emperor
534:
during 1267â1268, and reportedly sent a Mongol ambassador to western Europe in 1268, trying to form a
3127:
2629:
2587:
2570:
2504:
2484:
2468:
2230:
516:
481:
1766:
1030:
1024:
1015:
Taghai Khatun â married firstly to Ahmad, brother of Qunchuqbal, married secondly to Doladi Idachi;
330:
1151:
980:(son of Shigu GĂŒregen, son of Alchi Noyan; and TĂŒmelĂŒn Bekhi, daughter of Genghis Khan and Borte)
2535:
777:
766:
602:
559:
1528:
1105:
2173:
1894:
1635:
1307:
1078:
905:
594:
535:
1595:
1401:, p. 461) explaining that Edward contacted the Mongols "por querre secors" ("To ask for help")
2916:
2860:
2193:
1082:
843:
811:
746:
601:, to voluntarily submit to Mongol authority while Abaqa's father Hulagu was in power, making
480:. However, Abaqa was able to launch a successful defence and also defeated Baraq's relative
465:
299:
17:
3122:
3117:
2816:
2808:
2288:
1494:
1012:
Yul Qutlugh Khatun â married firstly to Eljidei Qushchi, married secondly to Emir Elbasmish
962:
892:
831:
625:
but responded positively to Edward's request, sending 10,000 Mongol horsemen under general
458:
401:
Since Hulagu's reign, the Mongols of the Ilkhanate had been at war with the Mongols of the
1564:
8:
3064:
2018:
1808:
781:
726:
630:
613:
598:
551:
446:
415:
1770:
352:
It was Abaqa who decided that the permanent location for the Ilkhanate capital would be
1940:
1731:
1708:
1682:
1220:
1020:
800:
714:
707:
334:
228:
2886:
2218:
2158:
1631:
2253:
1820:
1813:
1797:
1776:
1756:
1738:
1715:
1670:
1660:
1605:
1568:
1212:
1087:
606:
539:
454:
236:
175:
158:
2800:
2760:
2213:
1204:
1193:"The Chinese-Uighur Animal Calendar in Persian Historiography of the Mongol Period"
866:
827:
765:
signed a new 10-year truce with the barons of Acre and a second 10-year truce with
754:
703:
547:
469:
450:
295:
291:
252:
2894:
1789:
1553:
1147:
1038:
958:
772:
The announced Mongol invasion started in September 1281. They were joined by the
542:, though it is unclear if this was what led to James' unsuccessful expedition to
531:
342:
151:
929:
Tuqtani (or Toqiyatai) (d. 20 February 1292) â former concubine, raised to be a
857:, who resumed attacks on Frankish territory, capturing the northern fortress of
2163:
970:
555:
70:
2907:
2881:
1167:
3111:
2968:
2899:
2206:
2024:
1917:
1674:
1216:
901:
729:
in October 1280, and defeating the Mamluk army of the Krak in February 1281.
695:
588:
580:
338:
283:
98:
2963:
698:
sent envoys to Acre to request military support for their campaign, but the
2868:
2308:
2225:
2201:
2116:
2050:
1973:
1953:
934:
650:
The Mongols, including some auxiliary Seljuk troops, ravaged the land from
543:
489:
402:
287:
2313:
294:. Abaqa also engaged in unsuccessful attempts at invading Syria under the
3034:
2983:
2943:
2912:
2013:
1861:
916:
807:
488:
and surrounding areas. There were small conflicts between Abaqha and the
442:
419:
410:
315:
275:
198:
88:
3079:
2338:
2323:
2060:
1601:
1224:
1192:
1109:
678:
died in 1277. During 1280 and 1281, Abaqa promoted new attacks against
356:, which was in the northwestern grasslands that the Mongols preferred.
2948:
2938:
2303:
2283:
2278:
2237:
999:
977:
952:
792:
758:
699:
663:
622:
563:
438:
323:
271:
141:
1208:
973:; was given Yesunchin Khatun's (d. January/February 1272) encampment
575:
430:
3074:
2293:
2153:
2035:
1560:
988:
881:
862:
810:
Knights of Marqab, fought against the Muslim leader Qalawun at the
741:
633:
461:
which started in 1268 would carry on until the end of the century.
319:
311:
216:
188:
167:
121:
788:
who considered they were not bound by the truce with the Mamluks.
3044:
3039:
3029:
3014:
2318:
2273:
2268:
2055:
2045:
1983:
1878:
1397:
1003:
854:
850:
823:
762:
722:
687:
683:
675:
655:
626:
579:
Mongol operations (red) under Abaqa's general Samagar during the
505:
485:
394:
263:
183:
137:
59:
1886:
1846:
The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Il-Khanate)
1395:, René Grousset, p. 653. Grousset quotes a contemporary source (
948:
Nukdan Khatun â from Tatar tribe; replaced Dorji after her death
282:, he reigned from 1265 to 1282 and was succeeded by his brother
3024:
2998:
2993:
2328:
2298:
2258:
2008:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1868:
1490:
1074:
1049:
1042:
1007:
983:
966:
930:
897:
874:
870:
858:
804:
785:
718:
691:
651:
527:
476:, which resulting in an attack on Abaqa who was in the city of
389:
353:
171:
163:
912:
Abaqa had sixteen consorts and children with several of them:
457:. They appointed Kaidu a ruler of Central Asia. The resulting
3069:
3049:
2978:
2958:
2953:
2933:
2873:
2040:
2030:
1978:
1065:
1048:
Malika Khatun â married to Toghan, son of Nogai Yarghuchi of
955:, sister of Taraghai GĂŒregen; replaced Nukdan after her death
679:
659:
477:
434:
406:
279:
2454:(1205 / 1207 / 1209â10 / 1225â27)
900:
stands beside him under a royal umbrella, with his own son,
3019:
2973:
2333:
2263:
570:
473:
761:
which began in 1271. On 3 May 1281, the new Muslim sultan
492:
who were under the control of Chagatai nobles until 1280.
3059:
1550:
976:
Mertei Khatun â sister of Taghai Timur (renamed Musa) of
839:
951:
Eltuzmish Khatun â daughter of Qutlugh Timur GĂŒregen of
1710:
Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-ÄȘlkhÄnid War, 1260-1281
521:
337:, who was dispatched in 1265, escorted by the abbot of
64:
Abaqa enthroned with his khatun (possibly Dorji Khatun)
1819:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1728:
1632:"Padishah Khatun (Safwat al-Din Khatun): 13th Century"
1555:
Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide
2184:
List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
1654:
453:
formed an alliance against Kublai Khan and Abaqa in
322:. A favoured son of Hulagu, he was made governor of
1812:
1733:The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
1730:
1707:
1552:
1455:
1453:
1090:â married to Ghurbatai GĂŒregen of the Hushin tribe
2179:Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe
1593:
721:, and won several engagements against the Sultan
3109:
645:Letter from Abaqa to Edward I, 4 September 1271.
422:to collect his revenues from workshops in Iran.
2599:(1220â22 / 1226â31 / 1237â64)
1513:
1511:
1450:
27:Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate from 1265 to 1282
1624:
1434:
1432:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
314:on 27 February 1234, son of Ilkhanate founder
1902:
1765:
1705:
2082:
1508:
1132:Journal of The Oriental Society of Australia
1429:
1231:
1104:Toghanchuq Khatun (died 1291) â married to
1909:
1895:
1687:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
842:, and in about 1285 founded the church of
736:
682:. In September 1280, the Mongols occupied
554:, and in 1274 sent a Mongol delegation to
58:
745:Defeat of the Mongols (left) at the 1281
669:
341:, Theodosius de Villehardouin. Historian
1815:God's War: A New History of the Crusades
1714:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
1190:
891:
834:was accused of having had him poisoned.
826:on 4 April 1282, probably in a state of
740:
574:
571:Campaign during the Ninth Crusade (1271)
382:
374:
258:, "paternal uncle", also transliterated
1807:
1792:(1987 (first published in 1952â1954)).
1587:
1041:(died 20 April 1286) â a lady from the
817:
757:had respected a 10-year truce with the
702:were still in a 10-year truce with the
345:relates how she was accompanied by the
14:
3110:
2529:(1277 / 1283 / 1287)
2488:(1236 / 1240 / 1252)
1544:
278:and Lady YesĂŒnÄin and the grandson of
2848:
2359:
2081:
1928:
1890:
1655:Shukurov, R. (Rustam) (19 May 2016).
510:
393:of Abaqa Khan, struck at the Tiflis (
365:
2360:
2112:Administrative divisions and vassals
1162:
1160:
612:In response to the fall of Antioch,
597:was persuaded by his father-in-law,
522:Diplomatic relations with Christians
2379:
1321:ХалОŃ
ĐĐ°ĐșĐžŃĐŸĐČ - ĐĐŸĐ», Peter Jackson
873:led a successful revolt, backed by
849:Abaqa was succeeded by his brother
502:Mongol campaign against the Nizaris
24:
1551:Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer (1999).
1064:Qaitmish Egachi â a lady from the
495:
227:(27 February 1234 â 4 April 1282,
25:
3159:
1916:
1834:
1157:
1374:Amin Maalouf, p. 268 (in French)
1323:The Mongol Empire and its legacy
1929:
1729:Atwood, Christopher P. (2004).
1648:
1535:
1520:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1441:
1417:
1404:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1315:
1301:
1289:
1285:The history of Mongol conquests
1168:"ABAQA â Encyclopaedia Iranica"
550:. Abaqa also sent embassies to
370:
1706:Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (1995).
1657:The Byzantine Turks, 1204-1461
1487:The Crusades Through Arab Eyes
1277:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1184:
1140:
1124:
884:, assumed the throne in 1291.
869:in 1289. In 1284, Abaqa's son
347:Patriarch Euthymius of Antioch
36:
13:
1:
3133:13th-century monarchs in Asia
3099:Timeline of the Mongol Empire
2796:Division of the Mongol Empire
1699:
1297:Mamluk-Ilkhanid war 1260-1281
1253:Van Millingen (1912), p. 273.
795:troops, together with 30,000
784:knights from the fortress of
425:
1077:Khatun â married firstly to
629:from the occupation army in
7:
3148:Mongolian Buddhist monarchs
2046:Manghit / Mangudai
1794:A History of the Crusades 3
1753:Histoire de l'Empire Mongol
1272:Histoire de l'Empire Mongol
998:Todai Khatun â a lady from
791:On 30 October 1281, 50,000
10:
3164:
2849:
2825:Esen BuqaâAyurbarwada war
1594:Ann K. S. Lambton (1988).
1489:, p. 253: The fortress of
1424:Histoire des Croisades III
1393:Histoire des Croisades III
1191:Melville, Charles (1994).
1148:Qazi Nasir Uddin Al Bezawi
896:Abaqa on a horse. His son
586:
562:, where Abaqa's secretary
514:
499:
3096:
3007:
2926:
2859:
2855:
2844:
2788:
2737:
2640:(1223 / 1236â40)
2586:
2563:
2546:(1257 / 1284â88)
2516:
2441:
2386:
2375:
2355:
2246:
2192:
2169:ByzantineâMongol Alliance
2104:
2100:
2077:
1992:
1939:
1935:
1924:
1875:
1866:
1858:
1853:
1410:Quoted in Amitai-Preiss,
1274:, Jean-Paul Roux, p. 380.
1002:, who afterwards married
887:
517:Mongol invasions of Syria
232:
212:
204:
194:
182:
157:
147:
127:
108:
104:
94:
84:
76:
69:
57:
44:
32:
1426:, René Grousset, p. 653.
1117:
1025:Michael VIII Palaiologos
923:Ăljei Khatun, mother of
814:, but were beaten back.
725:, raiding as far as the
331:Michael VIII Palaiologos
290:, and the central Asian
2122:Invasions and conquests
2041:Paiza / Gerege
1532:. Vol. 1 (1983), p. 63.
1526:P. Jackson: "Abaqa" in
767:Bohemond VII of Tripoli
737:Campaign of Autumn 1281
560:Second Council of Lyons
530:. He corresponded with
305:
3143:13th-century Buddhists
2779:(1260 / 1301)
2507:(1274 / 1281)
2174:Franco-Mongol alliance
1772:Histoire des Croisades
1737:. Facts on File, Inc.
1659:. Leiden. p. 84.
1636:Women in World History
1383:Runciman, pp. 325â327.
1081:, married secondly to
1079:Vakhtang II of Georgia
1033:: ÎΔοΎÏÏα áŒÏαÏαΜÏλοÏÎœ)
1029:Theodora Ara Qutlugh (
909:
906:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
750:
670:Campaigns of 1280â1281
648:
595:Bohemond VI of Antioch
584:
536:Franco-Mongol alliance
418:. In 1270, he allowed
398:
380:
80:8 February 1265 â 1282
3138:Lord Edward's crusade
1873:8 February 1265â1282
1438:Richard, pp. 465â466.
1365:Amin Maalouf, p. 267.
1343:Jackson, pp. 167â168.
1172:www.iranicaonline.org
1146:Nizam-e-tawareekh by
1083:David VIII of Georgia
908:, early 14th century.
895:
844:Panagia Mouchliotissa
812:Second Battle of Homs
744:
638:
578:
386:
378:
339:Pantokrator monastery
300:Second Battle of Homs
298:, which included the
2670:Serbia and Bulgaria
1809:Tyerman, Christopher
1529:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
1495:Knights Hospitallers
1354:Mongols and the West
1311:The history of World
1295:Reuven Amitei Press
963:Qutb-ud-din Muhammad
832:Shams ad-Din Juvayni
818:Death and succession
2917:Khagans of the Yuan
2646:Poland and Bohemia
2422:Khwarazmian Empire
2147:Society and economy
1412:Mongols and Mamluks
1061:Bulughachin Aghachi
780:, and by about 200
769:, on 16 July 1281.
727:Krak des Chevaliers
694:on October 20. The
614:Edward I of England
599:Hetoum I of Armenia
552:Edward I of England
416:Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq
2662:Holy Roman Empire
2117:Banner/Bunchuk/Tug
910:
751:
674:The Mamluk leader
658:) as far south as
585:
511:Invasions of Syria
399:
397:) mint, dated 1265
381:
366:Military campaigns
335:Maria Palaiologina
310:Abaqa was born in
262:), was the second
253:Traditional script
46:IlkhÄn al-Mu'aáșáșam
3105:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2817:KaiduâKublai war
2809:BerkeâHulagu war
2801:Toluid Civil War
2582:
2581:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2154:House of Borjigin
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
1885:
1884:
1876:Succeeded by
1802:978-0-14-013705-7
1796:. Penguin Books.
1751:Roux, Jean-Paul,
1666:978-90-04-30775-9
1477:Grousset, p. 687.
1468:Grousset, p. 688.
1459:Runciman, p. 390.
1447:Runciman, p. 387.
1244:Runciman, p. 320.
1134:, Vol. 45 (2013).
1088:El Qutlugh Khatun
941:Principal wives:
803:, Greeks and the
540:James I of Aragon
256:
243:
222:
221:
176:El Qutlugh Khatun
16:(Redirected from
3155:
3128:Il-Khan emperors
2903:
2890:
2887:Töregene Khatun
2877:
2857:
2856:
2846:
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2425:
2417:
2407:
2399:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2357:
2356:
2319:Shangdu (Xanadu)
2309:Sarai Batu/Berke
2214:Chagatai Khanate
2102:
2101:
2079:
2078:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1859:Preceded by
1851:
1850:
1830:
1818:
1790:Runciman, Steven
1786:
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1736:
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1591:
1585:
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1558:
1548:
1542:
1541:Tyerman, p. 817.
1539:
1533:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1493:was held by the
1484:
1478:
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1155:
1152:Internet Archive
1144:
1138:
1128:
828:delirium tremens
755:Egyptian Muslims
646:
470:Chagatai Khanate
459:KaiduâKublai war
451:Chagatai Khanate
414:Ilkhan defeated
296:Mamluk Sultanate
292:Chagatai Khanate
257:
250:
249:
234:
233:ĐбаŃ
Đ°/Đбага Ń
Đ°Đœ
134:
119:27 February 1234
118:
116:
62:
52:(Sultan of Iran)
48:(Supreme Ilkhan)
38:
30:
29:
21:
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2622:Volga Bulgaria
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2528:
2526:
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2477:Southern China
2470:
2462:
2461:Northern China
2453:
2451:
2437:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2405:
2397:
2371:
2370:
2343:
2242:
2219:House of Ăgedei
2188:
2159:House of Ăgedei
2127:Destructiveness
2096:
2095:
2065:
2002:
1988:
1931:
1920:
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1509:
1501:by the Arabs, "
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1369:
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1352:Peter Jackson,
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1342:
1338:
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1316:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1283:J. J. Saunders
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1262:Morgan, p. 142.
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1232:
1209:10.2307/4299907
1189:
1185:
1176:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1145:
1141:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1101:Kawkabi Egachi
1071:Bulujin Egachi
1039:Buluqhan Khatun
1031:Byzantine Greek
959:Padishah Khatun
915:Inherited from
904:, in his arms.
890:
880:A younger son,
820:
739:
672:
647:
644:
591:
573:
532:Pope Clement IV
524:
519:
513:
508:
500:Main articles:
498:
496:Nizari Ismailis
472:tried to annex
428:
373:
368:
343:Steven Runciman
308:
247:
245:
208:Yesuncin Khatun
174:
170:
166:
152:Buluqhan Khatun
136:
132:
120:
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112:
65:
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49:
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28:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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2900:Oghul Qaimish
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2164:Mongol Armenia
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2016:
2011:
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1854:Regnal titles
1849:
1848:
1843:
1841:Khan genealogy
1836:
1835:External links
1833:
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1831:
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1805:
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1036:
1035:
1034:
1023:â daughter of
1021:Despina Khatun
1018:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1006:and after him
996:
995:
994:
991:
986:
974:
971:Kutlugh Turkan
961:â daughter of
956:
949:
946:
939:
938:
927:
889:
886:
822:Abaqa died at
819:
816:
747:Battle of Homs
738:
735:
671:
668:
642:
572:
569:
556:Pope Gregory X
523:
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318:. Abaqa was a
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135:(aged 48)
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2969:Chagatai Khan
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2132:Imperial Seal
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2025:Pax Mongolica
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
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1918:Mongol Empire
1912:
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1767:Richard, Jean
1764:
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1761:2-213-03164-9
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1744:0-8160-4671-9
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993:Buchin Khatun
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937:'s encampment
936:
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913:
907:
903:
902:Mahmud Ghazan
899:
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865:in 1287, and
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61:
56:
53:
50:SultÄn-i ÄȘrÄn
43:
35:
34:
31:
19:
2988:
2869:Genghis Khan
2638:Kievan Rus'
2616:(1237â1300s)
2608:(1237â1300s)
2452:Western Xia
2414:Qara Khitai
2247:Major cities
2226:Golden Horde
2202:Yuan dynasty
2089:Organization
2023:
1974:Khong Tayiji
1867:
1814:
1793:
1771:
1752:
1732:
1709:
1656:
1650:
1639:. Retrieved
1626:
1615:. Retrieved
1596:
1589:
1578:. Retrieved
1554:
1546:
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1527:
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1498:
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1296:
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1284:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:
1142:
1136:Academia.edu
1131:
1126:
1098:Altai Egachi
1057:Concubines:
1056:
945:Dorji Khatun
940:
935:Dokuz Khatun
933:, was given
925:Möngke TemĂŒr
914:
911:
879:
848:
836:
821:
790:
771:
752:
731:
712:
673:
649:
639:
619:
611:
592:
525:
468:Khan of the
463:
441:'s grandson
433:'s grandson
429:
411:Möngke TemĂŒr
403:Golden Horde
400:
388:
371:Golden Horde
361:
358:
351:
328:
309:
288:Golden Horde
267:
259:
224:
223:
133:(1282-04-04)
131:4 April 1282
45:
3123:1282 deaths
3118:1234 births
2944:Sartaq Khan
2913:Kublai Khan
2908:Möngke Khan
2882:Ăgedei Khan
2861:Great Khans
2827:(1314â1318)
2819:(1268â1301)
2771:(1260â1323)
2755:(1253â1256)
2738:Middle East
2632:(1238â1239)
2573:(1221â1327)
2432:(1219â1256)
2424:(1219â1221)
2406:(1264â1308)
2398:(1207-1308)
2264:Azov (Azaq)
1930:Terminology
965:, ruler of
808:Hospitalier
782:Hospitalier
690:, and took
443:Mengu-Timur
420:Mengu-Timur
316:Hulagu Khan
276:Hulagu Khan
199:Hulagu Khan
89:Hulagu Khan
85:Predecessor
33:Abaqa Khan
3112:Categories
3080:Nogai Khan
2964:Ăzbeg Khan
2895:GĂŒyĂŒk Khan
2789:Civil wars
2777:Palestine
2686:Lithuania
2606:Circassia
2339:Xacitarxan
2324:Soltaniyeh
2061:Darughachi
1775:. Fayard.
1755:, Fayard,
1700:References
1641:2012-06-23
1617:2012-06-23
1602:SUNY Press
1580:2012-06-23
1563:. p.
1499:al-osbitar
1177:2020-04-16
1110:Arghun Aqa
953:Khonggirad
713:Abaqa and
636:to Syria:
587:See also:
515:See also:
426:Chagataids
225:Abaqa Khan
178:(daughter)
115:1234-02-27
37:á á Șá á á á á Źá á š
2949:Orda Khan
2939:Batu Khan
2803:(1260â64)
2747:(1241â43)
2745:Anatolia
2720:(1287â88)
2712:(1285â86)
2704:(1264â65)
2696:(1259â60)
2688:(1258â59)
2664:(1241â42)
2656:(1241â42)
2648:(1240â41)
2624:(1229â36)
2614:Chechnya
2554:(1300â02)
2518:Southeast
2497:(1253â56)
2479:(1235â79)
2471:(1231â60)
2463:(1211â34)
2416:(1216â18)
2404:Sakhalin
2364:Campaigns
2314:Saray-JĂŒk
2304:Samarkand
2279:Karakorum
2238:Ilkhanate
1996:Political
1683:cite book
1675:946032551
1497:, called
1356:, p. 167.
1217:0578-6967
1203:: 83â98.
1108:, son of
1000:Khongirad
978:Khongirad
861:in 1285,
801:Georgians
797:Armenians
774:Armenians
759:Crusaders
700:Crusaders
664:Euphrates
623:Turkestan
564:Rychaldus
490:Qara'unas
464:In 1270,
324:Turkestan
272:Ilkhanate
270:) of the
229:Mongolian
142:Ilkhanate
95:Successor
3075:Boroldai
3055:Khubilai
3035:Bo'orchu
3008:Military
2902:(regent)
2889:(regent)
2876:(regent)
2761:Baghdad
2710:Hungary
2654:Hungary
2597:Georgia
2544:Vietnam
2396:Siberia
2294:Maragheh
2194:Khanates
2142:Religion
2137:Military
2086:Politics
2036:Kurultai
1999:Military
1811:(2006).
1769:(1996).
1561:ABC-CLIO
1414:, p. 98.
1325:, p. 31.
989:Gaykhatu
882:Gaykhatu
863:Lattakia
805:Frankish
708:Hugh III
643:â
634:Anatolia
593:In 1260
320:Buddhist
312:Mongolia
240:Cyrillic
217:Buddhism
213:Religion
189:Borjigin
168:Gaykhatu
122:Mongolia
3045:Boroqul
3040:Guo Kan
3030:Negudar
3015:Subutai
2915: (
2753:Alamut
2726:Serbia
2718:Poland
2702:Thrace
2694:Poland
2630:Alania
2495:Yunnan
2430:Persia
2388:Central
2367:Battles
2274:Bolghar
2269:Bukhara
2254:Almalik
2056:Kheshig
1984:Tarkhan
1879:Tekuder
1398:Eracles
1334:Knobler
1225:4299907
1004:Tekuder
867:Tripoli
855:Qalawun
851:Tekuder
824:Hamadan
778:Leo III
763:Qalawun
723:Qalawun
715:Leo III
704:Mamluks
696:Mongols
688:Darbsak
684:Baghras
676:Baibars
656:Kitbuqa
627:Samagar
607:Tripoli
603:Antioch
583:in 1271
558:at the
548:Cilicia
528:Mamluks
506:Gerdkuh
486:Bukhara
482:Teguder
449:of the
395:Tbilisi
387:Silver
266:ruler (
237:Khalkha
184:Dynasty
148:Consort
138:Hamadan
3025:Muqali
2999:Ghazan
2994:Arghun
2984:Hulegu
2874:Tolui
2850:People
2811:(1262)
2769:Syria
2763:(1258)
2728:(1291)
2680:(1242)
2672:(1242)
2588:Europe
2571:India
2552:Burma
2538:(1293)
2527:Burma
2505:Japan
2486:Tibet
2469:Korea
2329:Tabriz
2299:Qarshi
2259:Avarga
2105:Topics
2009:Jarlig
1969:Jinong
1964:Khanum
1959:Khatun
1949:Khagan
1941:Titles
1869:Ilkhan
1862:Hulagu
1823:
1800:
1779:
1759:
1741:
1718:
1673:
1663:
1608:
1571:
1491:Marqab
1223:
1215:
1106:Nawruz
1075:Oljath
1050:Bayaut
1045:tribe
1043:Bayaut
1008:Arghun
984:Arghun
967:Kirman
931:khatun
917:Hulagu
898:Arghun
888:Family
875:Kublai
871:Arghun
859:Margat
793:Mongol
786:Marqab
776:under
719:Buqaia
692:Aleppo
652:Aleppo
631:Seljuk
431:Ăgedei
390:dirham
354:Tabriz
268:Ilkhan
264:Mongol
246:á á Șá á á á
205:Mother
195:Father
172:Oljath
164:Arghun
71:Ilkhan
3070:Kadan
3065:Bayan
3050:Jelme
2989:Abaqa
2979:Kebek
2959:Toqta
2954:Berke
2934:Jochi
2927:Khans
2564:South
2536:Java
2289:Majar
2231:Wings
2051:TĂŒmen
2031:Yassa
2014:Ărtöö
1979:Noyan
1221:JSTOR
1118:Notes
1068:tribe
1066:ĂngĂŒd
680:Syria
660:Cairo
478:Herat
466:Baraq
455:Talas
447:Baraq
435:Kaidu
407:Berke
280:Tolui
260:AbaÄĄa
159:Issue
77:Reign
18:Abaqa
3020:Jebe
2974:Duwa
2443:East
2380:Asia
2334:Ukek
2284:Dadu
2092:Life
2019:Orda
1954:Khan
1821:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1777:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1739:ISBN
1716:ISBN
1689:link
1671:OCLC
1661:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1213:ISSN
1197:Iran
969:and
753:The
686:and
605:and
544:Acre
504:and
474:Iran
445:and
439:Batu
306:Life
128:Died
109:Born
3060:Aju
1565:319
1205:doi
840:nun
248:á Źá á š
3114::
1685:}}
1681:{{
1669:.
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1452:^
1431:^
1233:^
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