2012 Romanian protests

1497:. Minister Delegate for Social Dialogue, Liviu Pop, on the way to the government meeting, stopped to talk with protesters and asked them to submit official documents which they have transmitted to the Government with these problems. One of the protesters was chained to the gate of the Government with a steel bicycle antitheft device, that gendarmes tried to cut with a hacksaw blade, but without success. They would then cut device with a flex, but by the station were advised to abandon this idea, because of the risk that the protester can be hurt. Finally, gendarmes requested the intervention of the fire crew, who managed to cut the device with a pneumatic extrication device. On 9 December, simultaneously with the legislative election, took place, in 35 localities in 1832: 1820: 246: 39: 941:, protestors in large numbers gathered again at University Square, Bucharest. Police kept the peace. The Gendarmerie monitored key locations in Bucharest such as subway access points. They stopped demonstrators carrying weapons into the University area as well as arresting those with weapons at the rallies. No significant violent events took place. Around 23:20 local time, on Brătianu Boulevard, gendarmes surrounded around 70 ultras, heading towards the University Square. They were asked to identify themselves and subsequently loaded onto trucks. 1912:

Economy did not allow him the access to the institution with bags of money. So at around 7:10 pm, Dan Diaconescu entered in the Ministry of Economy, but without bags of money. After more than an hour of discussions, Minister of Economy said that the contract for Oltchim privatization wasn't signed. Likewise, Prime Minister Victor Ponta announced that Oltchim privatization was canceled, claiming that auction winner hasn't the money to take over Oltchim, people that he latter has announced that are guarantors doesn't exist.

105: 1083: 94: 235: 198: 1436:. They included Vlad Perju and Paul Dragos Aligica (Romanian political scientists holding academic positions in the United States) and Marius Andruh (president of the Romanian council for the recognition of university diplomas). Ponta denied wrongdoing and accused President Traian Băsescu of formulating the allegations against him. In turn, Ponta called for Băsescu's departure, citing his announcement of wage cuts and tax increases in 2012 as actions beyond his constitutional remit. 1157: 1139: 1121: 1103: 764: 746: 728: 710: 692: 674: 2007:), not leaving them to leave the unit. The man was restrained by policemen, this being led to Bucharest Police Station for hearings. A post office employee was taken in shock at Bucharest Emergency University Hospital. Both the perpetrator and his accomplice received arrest warrants for 29 days. The man that entered armed in the post office demanded the "annexation of Romania to Moldova" and "fees that in Italy", according to sources close to the investigation. 153: 209: 187: 4432: 116: 83: 1777:

visit to Romania. President of the Civic Democratic Alliance of Roma, Marian Daragiu, specified for Mediafax that protest aims to draw attention, first and foremost, of the Romanian Government, that it can not apprehend in Roma issue only when somebody twitches it. Likewise, he catalogued as "racist" the assertion of French Minister of the Interior, Manuel Valls, pursuant to that France "can not get all the garbage in the world and Europe".

1858:, sovereign and independent. The group proposes an action plan, by that the Romanian people recovers its sovereignty. The plan, called "Justice for Romania!", includes several points, starting from the establishment of a national civic organization, which will organize large popular movements and will result in replacing the current president, unworthy and illegitimate, according to GCT, through a popular action similar to that of 1989. 142: 127: 164: 2027:. The protest degenerated in conflicts between protesters and law enforcement. Protesters threw fences in policemen. Gendarmes dispersed the crowd with tear gas. The road traffic was halted tens of minutes in the area. An ambulance was requested at the meeting of farmers in Victory Square to provide medical care for a protester which was attacked during the gendarmes intervention. At least four people were arrested. 220: 657: 994:, about the legality of a number of tents he set up near the protesters' location. These tents were serving protesters with hot tea. In response to the investigation, Radu Mazăre expelled the inspectors and joined the protesters in the street. He thus became the first politician to join the demonstrators. He has stated that his presence was not as Mayor or politician, but as a citizen. 1676:. They chanted "Down with Iliescu!", "PSD without Iliescu!" and requested that a representative of the party leadership to come to talks. "You can not mock us! What are we, dogs? We became beggars!", revolutionaries told to Iliescu. They also said that they want the returning of rights taken improperly. Former head of state told the revolutionaries that former Prime Minister 1950:

European Union. The greater part, namely 9,724,780 lei of the amount intended for motorway construction, was to be used to pay debts of companies in which he was directly concerned, payments made under contracts that are not related to performance of the contract for motorway. Another 9,861,000 lei were withdrawn in cash for the acquisition of land in the commune of

798:. People gathered in the center of Târgu Mureș moved on the march towards the SMURD headquarters, blocking traffic, and demonstrators were joined by several hundred people, so that their number reached approximately 3,000. Several petitions had drawn up on social networking websites, these having hundreds of thousands, even millions of upholders. 1261:, demonstrations took place in several locations in Bucharest. Hundreds of Romanians, among them former Prime Minister Ungureanu, gathered in front of the Romanian Government building demanding Ponta's resignation in light of the plagiarism scandal. Others protested in the University Square against a variety of issues, including 834:, protesters rallied at University Square and outside the gates of Cotroceni Palace. To avoid clashes, protective fences were installed. Around 18:00 local time, protesters blocked the Nicolae Bălcescu Boulevard. After the intervention of gendarmes, Nicolae Bălcescu Boulevard was cleared and people were pushed to the sidewalk. 1892:

Industry, plant losses amounted to €7-million per month, of which €3-million are just wages. The Romanian state is the majority shareholder, controlling 54.8% of the share capital of the company. The second largest shareholder of Oltchim is the German group PCC, holding a package of 18.31 percent of the shares.

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Irritated by this visit, over 500 Roma protested in front of the Cotroceni Palace, after they also chanted in front of the Government premises. Organizers, dissatisfied with the lack of interest and action of Roma inclusion Executive, specified that the protest is directly related to French Ministers

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On 3 October, several NGO "Regeneration" activists gathered in front of Government, and four of them chained and handcuffed themselves to the main entrance gate into Victoria Palace, accusing the government supports the mining with cyanide and has not taken any measures to prevent situations, such as

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has been unseated in a no-confidence vote. The opposition seized on public anger over austerity measures to oust prime minister Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu. The centre-right coalition had cut salaries and raised sales tax to try to put the economy on a more sound footing. Romanian President Traian Băsescu

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was one of the most violent days of the protests. Between 1,500 and 20,000 people gathered in central Bucharest. Revolutionaries, young people, office workers, members of the USL, gendarmes, football fans and politicians gathered in University Square. Protesters at University Square threw bottles and

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were expected to arrive in the square. An elderly man chanting in favor of Băsescu was escorted by the gendarmes from the area. During the night, most protesters at University Square maintained a non-violent stance, while smaller groups tried to destroy police barricades. Some allege manipulation of

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went on a hunger strike, the protest being carried out even in the company's office, and other two hundred chanted in the institution courtyard, on the ground that they didn't receive, for the last three months, wages and food stamps. CET Free Trade Union leader, Gheorghiță Pîrlog, said that people

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On 4 April 2013, tens of thousands of people protested in more than 20 cities across the country under the slogan "Romania says no hydraulic fracturing". The protests were organized by over 80 non-governmental organizations. Protesters demanded the cancellation of Government decisions through which

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Arafat returned to his former position as under-secretary of state. He declared that his initial resignation was because of the health bill and since the bill was revoked, he could resume his role. He also stressed that the protesters no longer referenced him specifically and he would not make any

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Ministry of Economy announced, on 3 October, that Office of State Ownership and Privatization in Industry shall notify the Prosecutor regarding the committing by Dan Diaconescu of misdemeanor of deception through repeated by misleading and for acquisition without right of quality of contractor of

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On 1 October, Dan Diaconescu brought seven bags of money at the gate of the Ministry of Economy. OTV owner declined to say how much money has in bags, resuming to assert that "very many" and enough to pay Oltchim plant employees' wages until the end of the year. Gendarmes guarding the Ministry of

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announced the company that, starting on 15 September, it halts supplying electricity. Oltchim Râmnicu Vâlcea has debts of 2.6 billion lei, while its losses in recent years amounted to 1.2 billion lei. According to Remus Vulpescu, former leader of the Office of State Ownership and Privatization in

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autonomy. In the declaration at the beginning of the manifest, which was read by Kató Béla, auxiliary bishop of the Reformed Diocese of Transylvania, was shown that Hungarians across Romania protest against the injustice suffered by this community. At the end of the manifest, protesters have made

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to form a new government. On 1 February 2012, law 220/2011 created a co-pay service. Romanian citizens do purchase health insurance, but the co-pay system involves a means tested "gap" fee for basic consults. Emergency healthcare remains free. The new public health law allows the state to sponsor

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entered in a scandal, after its administrator, Nelu Iordache, changed, without observing the legal provisions, the destination of 25,000,000 lei, money encashed for the design and execution of the first section of Arad–Nădlac motorway, work being funded at least 85% from the Cohesion Fund of the

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The protests continued in the following months. Thus, thousands of people gathered in Bârlad Civic Center to protest against shale gas extraction through hydraulic fractionation. The protest was preceded by two marches that have left simultaneously from Ready-made clothing manufactory and Public

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partially funded by private donations and partially by the government. His concern was the privatization of emergency services, which he believed would lead to the disappearance of the public service, as for-profit emergency service companies would have access to both private and public funds.

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Dozens of revolutionaries protested, on 8 October, in front of the headquarters of the PSD alongside the weekly meeting of the party, requesting the dismissal of Secretary of State Sorin Meșter and the solving of revolutionaries' situation. They also booed and heckled the former head of state

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representatives expressed their official position regarding the techniques they will use in exploration and exploitation of shale gas in northeastern Romania. "We understand the concerns about shale gas production in Romania and we believe that after Chevron will present accurate information

955:, protests in Bucharest continued. Hundreds of people gathered in the middle of the day with numbers rising towards the evening. Prime Minister Boc invited the USL opposition alliance to talks to be held the following day at the Palace of Parliament. The co-presidents of the USL, PNL leader 1562:, priests and inhabitants of neighboring villages of Bârlad. During protest, priests sang "Christ is risen!", and people sang the anthem of Romania. There have been attempts on social networks to mobilize people to come to the protest. They say they want and a clean air and environment. 1715:. The action took place in protest of manifests regarding the commemoration of Hungarian heroes of the Revolution of 1848–1849, held on the same day in Romanian-Hungarian Reconciliation Park in Arad and attended by over 500 people, including representatives of UDMR, headed by President 1278:

Initially, the government made no comment on the January protests. The first official comment came from Boc on 16 January 2012. He said the protests were threatening Romania's economic stability and that a new law of Public Health was being drafted. He further stated that

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On 12 November, indignant workers resumed the protests. This time, the manifestations escalated to thrusts between protesters and representatives of the plant. Six employees went on hunger strike, saying that will not give up until will be paid them the remaining wages.

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private medical institutions that provide emergency health care. However, as Raed Arafat warned, the government sponsorship does not guarantee a minimum level of emergency healthcare to all patients and government support would also be diverted from the public sector.

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city streets, being dissatisfied that, because Nădlac-Arad motorway section, they can not reach much of the agricultural land. At the protest were brought over 150 tractors, combines and agricultural machinery, and protesters staged a "funeral" of local agriculture.

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About two thousand farmers and agricultural producers protested, on 7 November, in front of the Government. They reclaimed the indifference with which agriculture is treated by state representatives and demanded the resignation of the Minister of Agriculture,

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has removed these rights. Three protesters needed medical care, after they had felt bad. The three revolutionaries have a precarious health status after they decided to go on hunger strike, until will be resumed the payment of indemnities from the Government.

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gathered in the company's courtyard and blocked entrances to the company's headquarters. They demanded the resignation of Aurelian Popa, the director. When Popa arrived, his path was blocked and he was pelted with eggs and yoghurt. The gendarmes intervened.

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and threatened that they would not resume the work until four months' outstanding salaries were paid. On 6 December, dozens of workers outraged that they had not received the money for salaries protested in front of the Romstrade headquarters in Bucharest.

3230: 1996:. They were quickly immobilized by local police. One of the protesters was taken to the Police for hearings. The other one accused cardiac pains and received medical care, but he died in Colţea Hospital, although medical crews tried to resuscitate him. 1387:

The Bucharest Gendarmerie chief, Brigadier General Eugen Meran, was dismissed, on 11 January 2013, for mismanagement. The reason for his dismissal is the abuses committed by his subordinates during the protests in January 2012 in the University Square.

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On 14 February 2013, hundreds of Oltchim employees protested in front of the Ministry of Economy headquarters, on the ground that they didn't receive wages for two months. At least 24 employees went on hunger strike. Two of them needed medical care.

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leads club. Subsequently, Anamaria Prodan said that the team will remain in Cluj-Napoca and that used the announcement that moves it in Buzău to take out the fans in the street and, thus, to persuade local authorities to support the club she leads.

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television station. Remus Vulpescu announced that, in terms of price, the bidder Dan Diaconescu obtained the highest number of scores for individual purchase on assets at Oltchim. Dan Diaconescu's offering to take over Oltchim is 203 million lei.

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Small groups of ultras were led by Tararache Marius, Țintă Claudiu from Dinamo Bucharest and Denescu Alexandru Mihai from Steaua Bucharest. On 17 January 2012, Mihai Capatana was arrested for 29 days for vandalism in connection with the events.

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Two thousand people marched peacefully, on 14 September, in the city of Bârlad, with lit candles and lamps, led by priests in the area. They oppose the exploitation of shale gas through hydraulic fracturing method, which U.S. company

3971: 2548: 3923: 1773:, visited Romania on 12 September, to discuss with the authorities in Bucharest the matter of social inclusion of Romanian citizens of Roma ethnicity. On this occasion, a bilateral cooperation agreement was signed on this subject. 629:

On 13 January 2012, in the evening, president Băsescu held a press conference and asked for the bill to be quashed, citing resistance from the populace. He also criticised those opposing the bill for cronyism. The health minister

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in Romania. Constantin Constantinescu of the Bârlad City Hall, petitioned against the use of hydraulic fracture mining of gas. Four days after the protests that took place in the center of Bârlad, attended by over 5,000 people,

1070:, the protests continued despite inclement weather. Băsescu addressed the nation to give reassurance. He advised he would not resign unless it became the only obvious solution to the political crisis. He promised to act on the 2445: 3584: 866:

In the mid afternoon, about one hundred people, mostly former revolutionaries, gathered in Victory Square, Timişoara, to protest. The meeting was authorized and was scheduled to end at 17:00, when supporters of football team

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and also against Romanian politicians in general. On 6 July, President Băsescu was suspended by the Romanian Parliament. Pro-USL supporters in their hundreds gathered in University Square to show their support for the move.

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mayor, were published on 19 October 2010. Pictures of Bucurica at the launch of USP (UNPR's center-left political platform) were published on 21 December 2011. It is alleged that demonstrators vandalised a route from

4420: 4295: 3644: 2192: 3315: 4393: 3054: 4246: 3086: 2782: 2489: 4265: 2922: 2270:"Într-o jumătate de mandat, Boc şi-a asumat răspunderea cât toţi ceilalţi premieri în 20 de ani de guvernare. Ce spun foştii prim-miniştri despre această practică" Ciobanu, Rodica and Sultănoiu, Marian. 3416: 3232:"The miners continue protests. Over 5,000 people blocked the entrance to Petroşani. The prefect of Hunedoara has announced the miners that a delegation from Economy will go to Valea Jiului." Gandul.info 1984:

employees triggered a spontaneous strike, on 16 January 2013, dissatisfied that they have not received full wages for December 2012. 138 trains were blocked in six big railway stations in the country.

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have to receive 65 million old lei. Likewise, he called the 5,000 subscribers of CET Brăila for protest in the coming days, whereas the future of centralized heating system is uncertain this winter.

1698:, after, on 22 August, PCM Covasna leadership urged Hungarians to participate in large number at protest against the sentence for restitution of "Székely Mikó" College, occasion to also manifest for 2771: 2324: 2092: 3789: 1005:, hundreds of people, including unemployed citizens, pensioners, civil servants and trade unionists protested on the plaza of the House of Culture. They were joined by dozens of people coming from 3010: 872:

the demonstrations (for example, the police intentionally allowing hooligan activity) for political reasons. In Iaşi's Union Square, a meeting of solidarity with Arafat was organised by the Iaşi

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announced his resignation because of the protests. He said that his decision would release the tension in the country's political and social situation. Protests, on a lesser scale, continued in

3297: 4413: 2696:"Primele petarde aruncate asupra jandarmilor. Ninsoarea a incetat. 9 manifestanti au fost dusi la sectie: unul cu droguri, ceilalti cu torte si petarde." Hotnews.ro. Accessed 17 January 2012. 3968: 2545: 2467: 3267: 2409: 1703:

claims in five points, they requesting, among others, consistent implementation of the rule of law and urgent realization of restitutio in integrum. Thus, were created tensions between the

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resulting from research, Romanians will understand that natural gas from shale is a clean energy source and that can be produced responsibly and safely", said in a press release Tom Holst,

948:, Cluj-Napoca, whose number reached about 600, initiated an evening march through the city center, chanting anti-government and anti-presidential slogans and carrying large Romanian flags. 4355: 1577:

against exploitation of shale gas. The march, organized by the Bârlad Civil Society Initiative Group, gathered representatives of Bârlad and surrounding parishes, environmental activists,

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On 18 November, dozens of young people protested in University Square against citizens homophobic attacks and indifference of the authorities in these situations. The protest included a

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coal mine, refusing to leave the workplace at the end of the program, because they were dissatisfied with salaries that were reduced due to non-fulfillment of the productivity plan.

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was injured during the protests, after being hit by a brick thrown into the melee. Gendarmes picked up 29 protesters, after they threw blunt objects and have disturbed public order.

4406: 4153: 2742: 4566: 3442: 855:, the demonstrations continued. From the early morning, protesters gathered in the squares of Romania's main cities. They waved Romanian flags cut in the middle (the symbol of the 3822: 2731: 2636: 2389: 1797:), protested after a candidate and four others wrecked a polling station and accosted voters. The candidate was arrested but the protestors alleged electoral irregularities. In 3400: 2683: 507:. The protesters demanded the president's resignation and early general elections. There were ongoing protests in Romania in subsequent months over a variety of disagreements. 3569: 2755: 2111: 3938: 2567: 1992:

On 10 September, two men came, in front of Sector 5 City Hall, with a gas tank and threatened to self-immolate, dissatisfied that they were not received in audience by Mayor

4716: 4694: 4198: 3614: 548:. At the time, the Boc government ruled by only a small majority and the parliamentary opposed all the new measures. Boc therefore used a special procedure provided by the 2607: 1449:

On 8 March 2012, over 5,000 miners gathered in front of the National Coal Company headquarters. They expressed anger and determination. The miners blocked the entrance to

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gathered, on 7 September, on Heroes Boulevard (Cluj-Napoca) to support their team. Armed with scarves, banners, flags supporters protested against the manner in which

3759: 2582: 3774: 3312: 2994: 2929:"Protests downtown Bucharest against Romania's entire political scene". Toader, Ioana. Social daily news. Romania business insider. 5 July 2012. Accessed 6 July 2012 2365: 2298: 1954:, based on fictitious sales and purchase pre-contracts. In this way, the Bucharest Court Magistrates decided the arresting for 29 days of businessman Nelu Iordache. 3841: 4045: 3051: 2309: 2064: 597:. Arafat resigned the following day, citing the main reason as the need for a fair criticism of the healthcare bill from outside the government. On 10 January, in 4521: 4243: 4119: 3252: 3084: 2486: 2973: 2920: 1851:

to reinstate the suspended president. The demonstrations degenerated in conflicts between the opposing groups: Băsescu's detractors and Băsescu's sympathizers.

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The employees' protests continued. They cited abuse of power and breaches of the collective agreement. At times the protests became violent with some arrested.

4769: 4470: 4027: 987: 4325: 2326:"Băsescu: Dacă este un duşman al apariţiei a încă unui sistem privat de sănătate, el este Raed Arafat." Mediafax. 21 December 2011. Accessed 16 January 2012. 4428: 2938: 2694: 2283: 3599: 2089: 3856: 3554: 4082: 3282: 2685:"O nouă rundă de proteste în București şi Timişoara. Manifestanţii au început să vină. Sunt aşteptaţi şi studenţi." Antena3.ro. Accessed 17 January 2012. 3505: 2804: 2733:"Alexăndrenii remained in the street. People demand the resignation of the prefect of Teleorman, Teodor Niţulescu, President Băsescu and the Government" 2671: 4183: 4684: 4340: 3523: 2951:"Primele declaraţii ale lui Emil Boc de la începerea protestelor: Violenţele compromit stabilitatea economică". Antena3.ro. Accessed 17 January 2012. 2705: 1643: 1581:

gallery representatives, but also citizens who are against the exploitation of shale gas through hydraulic fracturing method by the American company

3629: 4370: 3488: 2890: 2568:"University Square, the most violent protests from mineriads. Gendarmes accused that the pro-Arafat meeting turned into a fight of football ultras" 2464: 4228: 4571: 2411:"Miting de susţinere pentru Raed Arafat: 1.500 de oameni au ieşit în stradă la Târgu Mureş." Mediafax. 12 January 2012. Accessed 16 January 2012. 593:

President Băsescu criticised Arafat for his opposition. On 9 January 2012, in a phone call to a TV talk show, Băsescu suggested Arafat leave the

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football club, stated that among the hooligans involved in the events, there were Steaua Bucharest ultras led by Catalin Zisu, a general in the

4779: 1739:, so, in summer 2012, 15,000 Romanies lived in France. Most of Romanies obligated their children to panhandle in crowded areas of the capital, 1633:. They opposed the decision of the Executive Committee of FRF to disaffiliate them. The gendarmes used tear gas. Over 37 people were arrested. 4199:"Attack in a post office in the capital: A man armed with an ax threatened several people. A post office employee, taken to hospital in shock" 3744: 3382: 3336: 2643:"Puterea exclusive: Huligan interzis pe stadioane, şef de galerie la partidul generalului Oprea. Cum s-a făcut alianţă între Dinamo şi Steaua" 2420: 2300:"Raed Arafat despre reforma în sănătate şi acuzaţiile lui Traian Băsescu." Mixich, Vlad. Hotnews.ro. 6 January 2012. Accessed 16 January 2012. 907:

We should not turn this case into a political one and parties that want to profit from these events will probably have to explain themselves.

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The United States has asked the Romanian authorities and people to avoid the violence that has spread in mid-January throughout the country,

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began evicting and dismantling Roma camps and deporting Roma. A charter plane flew 240 Gypsies, including their children, to Romania, from

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Inasmuch as the situation has not improved, Minister of the Interior of France, Manuel Valls, and Minister Delegate for European Affairs,

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The Constitutional Group "Timișoara", coordinated by Lorin Fortuna, considers that Romania, after a politically agitated summer, is not

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There are many who are satisfied with the health system and that reform is not wanted by anyone in the system, except for some doctors.

880: 3113: 1432:) where Coman was cited first. A number of Romanian academics made allegations of plagiarism against Ponta to the science periodical, 844:

Ambulance Bucharest and SMURD crews intervened for medical care to 20 people. Of these, five were gendarmes. Likewise, an operator of

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On 17 January 2012, Arafat returned to his government office. On 6 February 2012, Boc and his government resigned. Băsescu nominated

2753: 2376: 883:(UNPR), which supported the government was seen at a demonstration. Pictures of Bucurica at a UNPR rally supporting Neculai Ontanu, 4749: 2940:"Protestatarii sarbatoresc suspendarea lui Basescu: Hora in Piata Universitatii" Ziare.com news. 6 July 2012. Accessed 7 July 2012. 2911:"Romanians protest before lawmakers vote on suspending president." Timu, Andra. "Bloomberg news" 5 July 2012. Accessed 6 July 2012. 3871: 3733: 4475: 3804: 3689: 4280: 3908: 2605: 1747:, former French Minister of the Interior, intensified his campaign to remove Roma from visible places. He prohibited begging on 1457:), on DN66. Protestors in Bucharest booed Băsescu as he spoke from the balcony of the Palace of Parliament. Protestors shouted, 3886: 3462: 2655: 2335: 927: 617:, the base of SMURD. There, 1,500 to 4,000 people took part in a march organised with the help of the social networking site, " 4139:"Strike at CFR – President of the Locomotive Drivers Federation: Even if it's just a day late, this was the icing on the cake" 1558:

Garden areas. Protesters were joined by employees from the Directorate of Social Assistance and Child Protection arrived from

4526: 4266:"Violent protest in front of the Government. Over one thousand farmers demand the resignation of the Minister of Agriculture" 3715: 3367: 3243:"Băsescu, booed during his speech in Parliament. People in the balconies shouted "Resignation!" and "King Mihai." Mediafax.ro 2223: 1266: 541: 384: 4581: 3990: 3924:"Angajații au protestat la Ministerul Economiei: Doi dintre cei aflați în greva foamei au avut nevoie de îngrijiri medicale" 3036: 2509:"Anti-Băsescu protests in Bucharest. Gendarmes dispersed demonstrators in University Square. Dozens of people were arrested" 2127: 4586: 2044: 3953: 2992: 2821:"Baconschi: Am fost demis prin telefon. Premierul Boc m-a sunat, nu mi-a dat SMS. Revocarea mea a fost o decizie politică" 4689: 2253: 4042: 3298:"Over 300 miners blocked themselves underground, because cutting wages. Negotiations with Lupeni Mine leadership failed" 1814: 4784: 4601: 4576: 3842:"Monkey business at the gate of Ministry of Economy: Diaconescu was not allowed to enter with bags of money in office" 3745:"A group led by revolutionist Lorin Fortuna calls for a new revolution to replace the current president and government" 2350: 1039:, the foreign minister tendered his resignation after having called the protesters "clueless and inept slum dwellers". 968: 812:. The number of demonstrators increased to about 2,000. Other large anti-presidential manifestations were organized in 4723: 4116: 4102:"Spontaneous strike at CFR. 137 trains were stopped in stations. Fenechiu: Wages shall be paid no later than tomorrow" 1766:, Minister of the Interior, the evictions were based on sanitary concerns and tensions with working class neighbours. 4728: 4516: 3417:"România protestează împotriva gazelor de șist. 80 de ONG-uri organizează manifestații în peste 20 de orașe din țară" 2971: 1831: 960: 1024:

a USL meeting was organized. The participants were greeted with hostility by protesters from the University Square,

4213: 4064: 3969:"CET Brăila employees, on the street because they have not got their salaries. Six of them went on a hunger strike" 3706:"Fight and protests in Curcani: A candidate has broken the urns. People demanded the annulment of the vote" Rtv.net 3193: 2623: 2014:

and comes shortly after many participants in the spectacle "From the Gay History Tabs" were attacked in Bucharest.

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of the 1990s. Sever Voinescu-Cotoi, a PDL spokesman, said the protesters were 'neurotic' and suggested they watch

873: 2720: 1695: 4706: 4674: 3645:"What sparks caused French officials visit. Discussion of Romanian gypsies invading France, on foreign headlines" 1848: 30: 2783:"USL demonstrators, greeted with hostility by protesters in University Square. Ludovic Orban, kicked and howled" 2030:

Around 300 farmers protested, on 28 December, and organized a march with tractors and agricultural machinery on

1819: 2024: 4079: 660: 560:

In the last days of 2011, the government introduced a new healthcare bill. It would have reduced state funded

4490: 3503: 2378:"Raed Arafat susţinut de tineri la Cluj." Stan, Daniela. Adevărul. 11 January 2012. Accessed 16 January 2012. 1712: 1009:

by bus. As well as demanding Băsescu's resignation, the people also called for the resignation of the county

601:, Arafat and SMURD met to unite in opposition. On 11 January, an Arafat-SMURD solidarity meeting was held in 3012:"Protests abroad: Hundreds of Romanians manifested in last week against the power of Bucharest" Mediafax.ro. 2214:"Presa de azi: Boc taie pensii şi salarii sau nu le dă deloc." Ziare. 21 May 2010. Accessed 16 January 2012. 930:. General Catalin Zisu declined to comment on Becali's allegations although he might have known about them. 863:(USL) (the parliamentary opposition coalition) demanded an extraordinary plenary meeting of the parliament. 4789: 4546: 4485: 4465: 1836: 1786: 1250:). The participants demanded, among many other claims, the resignation of President Traian Băsescu and the 1243: 900: 631: 504: 492:, on a Romanian television broadcast. The protests became violent, with both protesters and members of the 3857:"The tender for the privatization of Oltchim canceled. Ponta: I stopped theDan Diaconescu monkey business" 3521: 3268:"Protest with chains and handcuffs in front of the Government: Four manifests against mining with cyanide" 2352:"Raed Arafat şi-a dat demisia: "Nu se poate susţine ca eu sunt împotriva sistemului." Deleanu, Valentina. 2169: 1707:

and Romanians, as much, on 6 October, approximately 50 members of the New Right movement participated, in

903:(PC), (part of USL) and intended to contest the mayoral election as a UNPR candidate. Piedone later said, 524:, the Boc government, with the support of president Traian Băsescu, imposed a series of tax increases and 4774: 4480: 4065:"Workers on the site of Arad–Nădlac motorway, on strike. They haven't received any wages for four months" 2255:"De ce au trecut patronatele de partea sindicatelor în urma schimbării Codului Muncii." Bechir, Mariana. 1876: 1309:, a Romanian film about the country's healthcare system. Romanians abroad organized peaceful protests in 1195: 1063:

public television headquarters accusing the broadcaster of censorship. Băsescu spoke about the protests.

856: 561: 545: 3401:"Peste 7.000 de oameni protestează la Bârlad împotriva exploatării gazelor de șist. "Chevron, go home!"" 2887: 2546:"Violent protests in Bucharest. Hundreds of gendarmes intervened in force to disperse the demonstrators" 805: 2285:"Ce ar fi adus noua lege a sănătăţii pentru pacienţi, medici şi industria asigurărilor?" Mixich, Vlad. 2199:"Legile privind reducerea cu 25% a salariilor bugetarilor şi recalcularea pensiilor, publicate în MO." 1305: 1291:

Other PDL party members criticised the protests. Senator Iulian Urban said pro-Arafat protesters were,

1194:– attended the protest march "Give my Romania back!". The protest march was organized similarly to the 1166: 1148: 1130: 1112: 945: 773: 755: 737: 719: 701: 683: 2980:"Senator PDL: protestatarii pro-Arafat sunt "Viermi care îşi merită soarta"" accessed 19 January 2012. 2337:"T. Băsescu s-a războit cu Raed Arafat în direct la TV: "Nu e de acord, pleacă!"" Deleanu, Valentina. 4611: 4536: 3283:"The cyanide referendum recently invalidated continues to be a tool of manipulation and intimidation" 1904: 1805:), an old man tried to set himself on fire because of a land dispute. He was saved and hospitalised. 4561: 3939:"Protest spontan la Oltchim: 20 de angajați ai combinatului au anunțat că au declanșat greva foamei" 3184:

Coman, D. & Ponta, V. "Răspunderea în Dreptul Internaţional Umanitar" (Universul Juridic, 2010).

3143: 1405: 1086: 1059:, on the twelfth day of (mostly non-violent) protests continued in Victory Square. Some entered the 404: 4754: 4653: 3334: 3210:"Romanian PM, Victor Ponta, rejects plagiarism claim". BBC news. 19 June 2012. Accessed 6 July 2012 2112:"A Romanian tried to organize an extreme protest during the Christmas religious service at Vatican" 1980: 1630: 1613: 1377: 314: 3790:"Ready to privatization: Russians from the TISE and Germans from the PCC are fighting for Oltchim" 2487:"Protest at Cotroceni. Anti-presidential manifestations in Bucharest, Brașov, Timișoara and Sibiu" 975:

and early elections. Protests took place in 60 other Romanian cities involving over 5,000 people.

876:'s (PNL) youth organization. They were joined by others who gathered in Palace of Culture Square. 4636: 2311:"Raed Arafat, despre noua lege: Misiunea salvării de vieţi, înlocuită de competiţia comercială." 991: 621:". As well as supporting SMURD, the marches also started to call for the resignation of Băsescu. 549: 4495: 3724:"Scandal at a polling station in Curcani, Călărași County: Villagers were fighting." Jurnalul.ro 2443:"SMURD revolution starts in Târgu Mureș! Over 3,000 people demanded the resignation of Băsescu!" 2396:"SMURD, extremă urgenţă! Proteste de solidaritate cu Raed Arafat în toată ţar." Burtescu, Alin. 1794: 4759: 4699: 4646: 4626: 2531:"Violent protests in Bucharest! Gendarmes sent people home, after they threatened to use force" 1951: 304: 4394:"Riot escalates downtown Bucharest and across Romania after football supporters join protest." 3615:"Romanian Roma situation from France might deteriorate in 2012, due to presidential elections" 2429:"Ministrul Ritli a retras legea Sănătăţii, la cererea preşedintelui Băsescu." Lica, Cristina. 1999:

On 30 October, a man armed with an ax and a knife threatened more persons in a post office in

1619: 1428:. It was republished with a co-author in 2004. A further academic piece was produced in 2012 ( 4641: 4621: 4556: 2153:"Gendarmerie: 283 demonstrators, led to police. Eight of them are in the gallery of Petrolul" 1958: 1704: 1638: 1512:

continued the next year. Thus, on 11 January 2013, at least 307 miners blocked themselves in

1413: 808:, in Bucharest to support Arafat. At around 19:00 local time, protesters marched towards the 493: 3872:"The criminal complaint against DD reached the Prosecutor. Notification was sent via e-mail" 3075:"Băsescu: Cer premierului retragerea proiectului Legii sănătății" Mediafax. 13 January 2012. 2960: 2706:"Day four. Balance sheet: Peaceful protesters and thugs armed with clubs, knives and stones" 1625: 868: 540:, which was informed by multinational corporations and business representatives such as the 38: 4551: 4184:"Scandal at Vanghelie's city hall: Two men threatened to self-immolate. One protester died" 1711:, at a march against "Hungarian irredentism" and to commemorate the Romanian heroes of the 860: 521: 344: 2652: 1755: 1396:

On the evening of 13 January 2012, Băsescu urged Boc to abandon the health bill. He said,

8: 4764: 4669: 4596: 2065:"Au reînceput protestele în Piaţa Universităţii. Vezi aici nemulţumirile manifestanţilor" 1884: 1748: 1591: 1582: 1545: 1534: 1299:

Baconschi said the protests were, instigated by the opposition" and compared them to the

1060: 998: 915:

It is pure demagogy, there is no connection between the people that were there and UNPR.

309: 152: 4591: 4154:"Protest at Sector 5 City Hall: Two men threatened to self-immolate. One protester died" 3474:"Supporters of U do not give up. Over 2,000 fans of U Cluj gathered on Heroes Boulevard" 3464:"Supporters fought with gendarmes in protest in front of the Government." Bună ziua Iași 2835: 1957:

On 16 November, dozens of mortar mixers and excavators blocked the site on section 1 of

1283:

is guaranteed, but that street violence was unacceptable. On 17 January 2012, Boc said,

899:

Cristian Popescu Piedone, the mayor of the 4th District had resigned from office in the

476:

were a series of protests and civil manifestations triggered by the introduction of new

4631: 4356:"Protest in Nădlac. Local agriculture was buried in the presence of hundreds of people" 3600:"About 50 people at a rally against 'Hungarian irredentism' organized by the New Right" 3570:"Meeting protest. PCM Covasna urges Hungarians to manifest on September 1 for autonomy" 2225:"Dezbaterile "Adevărul": Codul Muncii, un pas uriaş spre capitalism." Bechir, Mariana. 845: 837:

Around 20:50 local time, protesters threw stones at the gendarmes. The Gendarmerie and

477: 398: 299: 3660:"French ministers come to Bucharest to discuss the Roma issue – awaited with protests" 3253:"Four people chained themselves at Government, protesting against mining with cyanide" 1006: 3555:"Revolutionaries protest, with ambulances at the PSD. Some participants had felt bad" 2430: 2241: 1770: 1502: 1280: 1251: 1010: 589: 408: 3313:"Miners trapped underground in Lupeni mine. People, dissatisfied with reduced wages" 1589:

were approved the agreements of exploration, development and exploitation issued to

481: 414: 274: 4244:"Inedited protest in University Square. Dozens of young people "fainted" on street" 3208: 3128: 2962:"protests-over-austerity-cuts-corruption-continue-across-romania" MSNBC World News. 2865: 2662:. "Ultrașii Uniunii Social-Progresiste au fost coordonați de șeful galeriei Dinamo" 1993: 1844: 1802: 1454: 1239: 1036: 1002: 893: 809: 791: 614: 388: 3343:"Thousands of people protested against the exploitation of shale gas." Jurnalul.ro 3021: 1744: 1082: 1048: 911:

Gabriel Oprea, Defense Minister in the Boc Government and president of UNPR said,

4541: 4531: 4250: 4123: 4086: 4049: 3997: 3975: 3893: 3826: 3760:"Oltchim privatization: The two days that will decide the future of 3,500 people" 3721: 3527: 3509: 3446: 3440:"Proteste împotriva exploatării gazelor de șist la București şi în întreaga țară" 3423: 3340: 3319: 3090: 3058: 3001:"PDL îşi aruncă lăturile peste protestatari." Jurnalul. Accessed 19 January 2012. 2998: 2977: 2926: 2894: 2789: 2759: 2611: 2552: 2515: 2493: 2471: 2449: 2426: 2196: 2096: 1732: 1381: 1227: 1021: 838: 533: 485: 359: 3690:"French Minister of the Interior: "France can not get all the misery" in Europe" 1699: 889: 262:

Tax raises, salary cuts, unemployment, economic conditions, political corruption

4444: 3052:"Bucharest Gendarmerie chief, dismissed because of events in University Square" 2840: 2805:"Seventh day of protests: smoke bombs, violences and dozens of people detained" 2674:"General mapn şi oficial UNPR implicaţi în actele de huliganism din București?" 2000: 1900: 1736: 1494: 956: 594: 584:, the founder of the "Mobile Service Emergency Resuscitation and Extrication" ( 577: 234: 1160: 1142: 1124: 1106: 767: 749: 731: 713: 695: 677: 4743: 3540:"Iliescu, at revolutionaries protest: "Well, that's swinishness what you do"" 2659: 2640: 2393: 2170:"News World news Romania Romanian prime minister and cabinet resign en masse" 1966: 1916:

Oltchim Râmnicu Vâlcea chemical plant. The notification was sent via e-mail.

1895:

Companies interested in acquiring Oltchim participated on 17 September at an

1716: 1708: 1529: 1370: 1223: 1219: 1025: 565: 529: 339: 334: 191: 4341:"Arad: Hundreds of farmers marched with tractors and agricultural machinery" 4080:"Dozens of workers at Romstrade protested that they have not received wages" 967:, announced the agenda. The first item was the immediate resignation of the 1872: 1855: 1763: 1418: 1187: 964: 250: 245: 3991:"The owner of Romstrade and Blue Air, Nelu Iordache, arrested for 29 days" 3675:"Roma protest, at Government and Cotroceni: 'We want to work, not to beg'" 1450: 1211: 983: 821: 2593: 1673: 1498: 919: 795: 602: 581: 537: 489: 197: 4229:"The first images with the attacker from the Post Office were published" 2353: 2338: 2256: 2226: 1203: 2286: 1880: 1509: 1326: 135: 4169:"Scandal in front of Sector 5 City Hall. A protester, clinically dead" 3735:"An old man self-immolate in a polling station in Petrila" Gândul.info 3630:"French President shuts down Roma camps and seeks relocation for Roma" 3195:"Romanian prime minister accused of plagiarism". Schiermeier, Quirin. 1940: 2004: 1962: 1888: 1824: 1578: 1539: 1489:

At least five protesters were removed after which Băsescu continued.

1334: 1300: 1262: 1247: 1191: 813: 598: 525: 349: 202: 70: 4326:"Incidents at farmers meeting: Protesters threw fences in gendarmes" 2271: 2200: 2031: 1933: 1574: 1525: 1231: 1207: 1199: 817: 4616: 4606: 2614:"Third day of protests in several cities across Romania" Tele'M.ro. 2312: 1720: 1677: 1330: 1318: 1183: 1045: 972: 884: 697:

Romania clashes video: Anti-cuts protests turn violent in Bucharest

618: 500: 394: 280: 228: 208: 109: 98: 3775:"Oltchim remains without power, has debts of over 100 million lei" 4448: 4440: 4431: 4311:"Violent incidents at farmers meeting in front of the Government" 1896: 1798: 1790: 1358: 1235: 186: 180: 168: 141: 115: 93: 82: 4389:"Protest in Bucharest against austerity measures turns violent." 2878:"President's opinion about the protests last week." Gândul.info. 4371:"Over 100 farmers from Nădlac, protest in street with tractors" 3512:"Protests with threats in the port of Constanța" Reporterntv.ro 2465:"Petition: Raed Arafat must participate in the new health law!" 2011: 1559: 1513: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1314: 1310: 1020:

stones at the gendarmes. 30 to 40 protesters were arrested. In

679:

Molotov cocktails versus tear gas: New wave of Romania violence

354: 324: 319: 239: 224: 213: 157: 146: 126: 120: 104: 87: 613:

On 12 January 2012, demonstrations grew in size and spread to

4712:

2019 disputes regarding the military cemetery in Valea Uzului

3909:"New violent protests at Oltchim. Over 400 employees protest" 2367:"Bucharest protest in solidarity for Raed Arafat." Antena3.ro 2240:"Sindicatele reiau mâine protestele legate de Codul Muncii." 1740: 1362: 1322: 1215: 825: 585: 219: 172: 163: 131: 1780: 4436: 4013:""The king of asphalt" Nelu Iordache, arrested for 29 days" 2625:

Gandul.info – Şoc in Bucuresti surpriza din aceste imagini.

1759: 1657:

National Company of Maritime Ports Administration Constanța

1573:

On 27 February 2013, more than 7,000 citizens protested in

1366: 923: 329: 176: 2128:"Protests Over Austerity Measures Turn Violent in Romania" 1182:, thousands of people from the three historical regions – 634:, acquiesced. Despite these actions, protests continued. 4695:

2013 Romanian protests against the Roșia Montană Project

3114:"Romania's government collapses amid austerity backlash" 3022:"Worries over violent Romanian clashes reach Washington" 1493:

granting the environmental permit for mining project in

1287:

each citizen who protests and is unhappy concerns (him).

3954:"Brăila: Five employees of CET went on a hunger strike" 3383:"New protests in Bârlad against shale gas exploitation" 3368:"New protests in Bârlad against shale gas exploitation" 3037:"Radu Stroe dismissed the Bucharest Gendarmerie chief" 3887:"Tensions at Oltchim. A political leader was pushed" 1694:

On 1 September, some 25,000 Hungarians protested in

1042:

Lieutenant Gheorghe Alexandru, aged 27, a member of

1035:, over 3,000 people demonstrated in several cities. 555: 515: 2836:"Romanian minister sacked for insulting protesters" 1961:, in protest against unpaid wages from the company 1941:

Arad–Nădlac motorway protests and Romstrade scandal

1843:People have started to walk protesting in front of 1524:On 21 March 2012, thousands of people protested in 1430:

Responsibility under international humanitarian law

499:On the morning of 5 February 2012, Prime Minister 4214:"Accomplice of post office attacker was arrested" 3805:"Dan Diaconescu, the struggle to acquire Oltchim" 3129:"Romanian government falls in no-confidence vote" 2090:"Băsescu and politicians booed in over 60 cities" 1808: 4741: 3489:"Anamaria Prodan: U Cluj remains in Cluj-Napoca" 896:(the largest park in Bucharest's 4th District). 715:Scuffles at anti-government protest in Bucharest 564:, de-regulated the health insurance market, and 4117:"Strike at CFR. 138 trains stopped in stations" 3530:"Violent protests in Constanța." Reporterntv.ro 986:, building safety inspectors (an agency of the 1987: 1815:2012 Romanian political crisis § Protests 1384:announced at a press briefing, on 20 January. 1162:Peaceful protest in University Square (6 July) 1144:Peaceful protest in University Square (5 July) 1126:Peaceful protest in University Square (4 July) 794:to express solidarity with the SMURD founder, 43:Demonstrations at University Square, Bucharest 4770:Anti-austerity protests in the European Union 4685:2012–2014 Romanian protests against shale gas 4414: 841:used tear gas to disperse the demonstrators. 510: 4281:"Milk bath at farmers protest in Bucharest!" 2596:. Ireport.cnn.com. Accessed 17 January 2012. 1754:In August 2012, the Socialist government of 1519: 544:, the major Romanian trade unions, and some 3820:"Dan Diaconescu won the tender for Oltchim" 2762:"2012 Bucharest protests." Exclusivnews.ro 2289:28 December 2011. Accessed 16 January 2012. 2259:20 February 2011. Accessed 16 January 2012. 2167: 1655:On 9 April 2012, over 100 employees of the 1501:, a referendum on restarting mining in the 990:) visited City Hall to question the Mayor, 733:'We want him out': Anger burning in Romania 571: 496:sustaining injuries during their clashes. 434:over 13,000 participants throughout Romania 4421: 4407: 2773:"Violence in the University Square." B1.ro 2433:. 13 March 2011. Accessed 16 January 2012. 2400:13 January 2012. Accessed 16 January 2012. 2356:10 January 2012. Accessed 16 January 2012. 881:National Union for the Progress of Romania 804:, in the evening, a rally was held at the 37: 3199:news. 18 June 2012. Accessed 6 July 2012. 3104:"Competition between health care sectors" 2341:9 January 2012. Accessed 16 January 2012. 2315:8 January 2012. Accessed 16 January 2012. 1781:Local parliament electoral irregularities 1684: 1424:In 2003, Ponta completed a thesis titled 1108:"The protest of inverted commas" (3 July) 1089:at Victory Square protest, on 6 July 2012 637: 1927: 1830: 1818: 1081: 859:). They called for early elections. The 769:University Square – Occupying the street 2888:"Protest march – Give my Romania back!" 2833: 2274:6 April 2011. Accessed 16 January 2012. 2244:6 March 2011. Accessed 16 January 2012. 2229:4 March 2012. Accessed 16 January 2012. 2203:30 June 2010. Accessed 16 January 2012. 1866: 1477:Traian Băsescu, the first and the last. 1473:They threw paper on which was written, 1417:designated left-wing opposition leader 928:Ministry of National Defence of Romania 608: 4742: 3221:"Protests on Valea Jiului." Antena3.ro 2722:"Protests in Cluj-Napoca." Gândul.info 1875:was requested by Romania's creditors: 751:Protests in Romania (January 15, 2012) 480:legislation. In particular, President 4402: 4028:"Nelu Iordache, arrested for 29 days" 3162:. PhD thesis, Univ. Bucharest (2003). 1903:, a domestic politician and owner of 1751:and in other tourist areas of Paris. 1689: 1267:Romanian Professional Football League 979:further comment about the protests. 542:Romanian-American Chamber of Commerce 2988: 2986: 2062: 2045:List of protests in the 21st century 1611:On 24 March 2012, 200 supporters of 790:, a non-violent protest was held in 4795:Riots and civil disorder in Romania 4690:2012 Romanian constitutional crisis 3144:"Romania's government has resigned" 2134:. Associated Press. 15 January 2012 1932:On 4 October, six employees of CET 1899:, from which it emerged victorious 1733:Romanian citizens of Roma ethnicity 13: 4602:1990 ethnic clashes in Târgu Mureș 4582:Timișoara student movement of 1956 4577:Bucharest student movement of 1956 4476:Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan 2834:Penfold, Chuck (23 January 2012). 1666: 576:One of the main objectors was the 14: 4806: 4780:History of Romania (1989–present) 4587:Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977 4382: 4043:"Scandal at Arad–Nădlac motorway" 2983: 1439: 556:Parliamentary legislation of 2011 516:Parliamentary legislation of 2010 4430: 4364: 4349: 4334: 4319: 4304: 4289: 4274: 4259: 4237: 4222: 4207: 4192: 4177: 4162: 4147: 4132: 4110: 4095: 4073: 4058: 4036: 4021: 4006: 3984: 3962: 3947: 3932: 3917: 3902: 3880: 3865: 3850: 3835: 3813: 3798: 3783: 3768: 3753: 3738: 3727: 3709: 3698: 3683: 3668: 3653: 3638: 3623: 3608: 3593: 2856:"Protester in uniform." Antena3. 2071:(in Romanian). S.C. Antena 3 S.A 1726: 1412:For all that, two months later, 1155: 1137: 1119: 1101: 1028:being pushed and booed by them. 988:Ministry of Regional Development 879:Elias Bucurica, a member of the 762: 744: 726: 708: 690: 672: 655: 244: 233: 218: 207: 196: 185: 162: 151: 140: 125: 114: 103: 92: 81: 69:62 cities in Romania, including 52:12 January 2012 – 20 April 2012 4724:2020 Ditrău xenophobic incident 4612:Bridge of Flowers demonstration 3578: 3563: 3548: 3533: 3515: 3497: 3482: 3467: 3456: 3433: 3410: 3391: 3376: 3361: 3346: 3328: 3306: 3291: 3276: 3261: 3246: 3235: 3224: 3213: 3202: 3187: 3178: 3165: 3152: 3137: 3122: 3107: 3096: 3078: 3067: 3045: 3030: 3015: 3004: 2965: 2954: 2943: 2932: 2914: 2903: 2881: 2870: 2859: 2848: 2827: 2813: 2798: 2776: 2765: 2747: 2736: 2725: 2714: 2699: 2688: 2677: 2665: 2646: 2628: 2617: 2599: 2587: 2576: 2561: 2539: 2524: 2502: 2480: 2458: 2436: 2414: 2403: 2381: 2370: 2359: 2344: 2329: 2318: 2303: 2292: 2277: 2262: 2247: 2232: 2168:Pidd, Helen (7 February 2012). 1861: 1849:Constitutional Court of Romania 1532:) against the American company 1391: 1077: 661:University Square clash gallery 4729:2023 Romanian teachers' strike 4517:1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt 4501:1888 Romanian Peasants' revolt 2217: 2206: 2184: 2161: 2146: 2120: 2105: 2083: 2056: 1973: 1809:Suspended president reinstated 1705:Hungarian community in Romania 1650: 1295:worms that deserve their fate. 1265:extraction, corruption in the 781: 505:University Square in Bucharest 393:Resignation of Prime Minister 279:Resignation of Prime Minister 57:4 June 2012 – 9 December 2012 16:Anti-corruption demonstrations 1: 4491:Wallachian Revolution of 1848 2172:. Guardian news and media ltd 2050: 1965:. About 100 workers got into 1743:. During the 2012 elections, 1485:Well, wait until I finish.... 1242:and the final destination in 828:. No meeting was authorized. 4567:Ghimeș Valley peasant revolt 4547:1920 Romanian general strike 4486:Moldavian Revolution of 1848 3173:Curtea Penală Internaţionala 3160:Curtea Penală Internaţionala 1837:Revolution Square, Bucharest 1835:Anti-impeachment protest in 1426:International criminal court 1273: 403:Dismissal of Prime Minister 7: 4750:2012–2015 unrest in Romania 4675:2012–2015 unrest in Romania 4481:Wallachian uprising of 1821 2038: 2001:Drumul Taberei neighborhood 1988:Indifference of authorities 1877:International Monetary Fund 1629:to protest in front of the 1606: 1570:would begin in the county. 1196:Wallachian uprising of 1821 522:recession of the late 2000s 385:Minister of Foreign Affairs 31:2012–2015 unrest in Romania 10: 4811: 3171:Ponta, V. & Coman, D. 2017: 1847:after the decision of the 1812: 1508:The protests of miners in 1306:The Death of Mr. Lazarescu 1198:, with starting points in 624: 552:to pass the new measures. 511:Causes of January protests 466:283 in mid-January clashes 4785:Labor disputes in Romania 4707:2017–19 Romanian protests 4662: 4509: 4456: 3387:Radio România Actualități 2744:"USL meeting, Bucharest." 1823:Anti-Băsescu protests in 1636:Over 2,000 supporters of 1520:Exploitation of shale gas 1444: 1154: 1136: 1118: 1100: 1095: 1072:reform referendum of 2009 761: 743: 725: 707: 689: 671: 666: 654: 649: 644: 536:. Boc also imposed a new 462: 454: 449: 437:(incl. political rallies) 428: 423: 376: 368: 292: 273:Resignation of President 266: 258: 64: 48: 36: 28: 23: 4597:1989 Romanian Revolution 4085:12 December 2012 at the 4048:20 November 2012 at the 3996:25 December 2012 at the 3892:12 November 2012 at the 2551:24 February 2013 at the 1631:Palace of the Parliament 1614:FC Universitatea Craiova 1378:U.S. Department of State 969:Democratic Liberal Party 857:1989 Romanian Revolution 572:Objection by Raed Arafat 546:employers' organizations 413:Suspension of President 4637:September 1991 Mineriad 4122:18 January 2013 at the 3974:18 October 2012 at the 3825:7 November 2012 at the 3526:17 January 2013 at the 3318:12 January 2013 at the 3089:19 January 2012 at the 3057:12 January 2013 at the 2997:24 January 2012 at the 2976:19 January 2012 at the 2758:23 January 2012 at the 2610:18 January 2012 at the 2584:"Protests in Timişoara" 2425:16 January 2012 at the 2095:20 January 2012 at the 1787:10 June local elections 1723:and local authorities. 1713:Revolution of 1848–1849 1421:as new prime minister. 961:Social Democratic Party 550:Constitution of Romania 4700:2015 Romanian protests 4680:2012 Romanian protests 4647:February 1999 Mineriad 4627:February 1990 Mineriad 4562:Grivița strike of 1933 4451:and predecessor states 4249:4 January 2013 at the 2867:Politicaromaneasca.ro. 2063:S.T. (11 April 2012). 1873:Oltchim Râmnicu Vâlcea 1840: 1828: 1685:Interethnical disputes 1487: 1479: 1471: 1463: 1406:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 1402: 1297: 1289: 1090: 1087:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 1022:Arch of Triumph Square 917: 909: 885:Bucharest 2nd District 874:National Liberal Party 638:Course of the protests 484:criticized the Deputy 474:2012 Romanian protests 405:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 24:2012 Romanian protests 4642:January 1999 Mineriad 4622:January 1990 Mineriad 4572:Legionnaire rebellion 4557:Lupeni strike of 1929 4527:1918 Bucharest strike 4522:Romanian Fleet mutiny 3508:13 April 2012 at the 3339:24 March 2012 at the 2470:14 April 2012 at the 2392:10 September 2012 at 2195:5 August 2010 at the 1928:Brăila demonstrations 1834: 1822: 1639:FC Universitatea Cluj 1617:joined supporters of 1483: 1475: 1467: 1459: 1398: 1293: 1285: 1085: 913: 905: 4552:Tatarbunary Uprising 4537:Ținutul Sării revolt 4496:Republic of Ploiești 3720:26 June 2012 at the 3445:5 April 2013 at the 3422:6 April 2013 at the 2925:12 July 2012 at the 2788:4 March 2016 at the 2639:9 September 2012 at 2492:9 April 2012 at the 1867:Oltchim S.A. scandal 1414:Romania's government 1013:, Teodor Niţulescu. 861:Social Liberal Union 609:SMURD demonstrations 588:) service, a public 568:Romanian hospitals. 4790:Protests in Romania 4670:2006 Ferentari riot 4654:1993 Hădăreni riots 3175:(Lumina Lex, 2004). 2893:18 May 2012 at the 2514:9 July 2012 at the 2448:6 July 2012 at the 1885:European Commission 1620:FC Dinamo București 1597:East West Petroleum 1546:Chevron Corporation 944:Demonstrators from 605:in the north-west. 4775:2010s in Bucharest 4632:June 1990 Mineriad 3634:The New York Times 3407:, 27 February 2013 3118:The New York Times 2132:The New York Times 1841: 1829: 1690:Hungarian minority 1626:FC Rapid București 1091: 992:Radu Ştefan Mazăre 901:Conservative Party 832:On 14 January 2012 802:On 13 January 2012 486:Minister of Health 300:Civil disobedience 4737: 4736: 2658:3 August 2012 at 2431:Evenimentul Zilei 2242:Evenimentul Zilei 2025:Daniel Constantin 1952:Adunații-Copăceni 1871:Privatization of 1839:, on 26 July 2012 1771:Bernard Cazeneuve 1756:François Hollande 1735:emigrated to the 1731:After 2010, many 1554:country manager. 1503:Apuseni Mountains 1465:Another shouted, 1281:freedom of speech 1252:Ungureanu Cabinet 1244:University Square 1172: 1171: 806:University Square 779: 778: 590:emergency service 470: 469: 445: 444: 438: 383:Dismissal of the 253: 60: 55: 4802: 4720: 4592:Brașov Rebellion 4435: 4434: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4400: 4399: 4377: 4368: 4362: 4353: 4347: 4338: 4332: 4323: 4317: 4308: 4302: 4293: 4287: 4278: 4272: 4263: 4257: 4241: 4235: 4226: 4220: 4211: 4205: 4196: 4190: 4181: 4175: 4166: 4160: 4151: 4145: 4136: 4130: 4114: 4108: 4099: 4093: 4077: 4071: 4062: 4056: 4040: 4034: 4025: 4019: 4010: 4004: 3988: 3982: 3966: 3960: 3951: 3945: 3936: 3930: 3921: 3915: 3906: 3900: 3884: 3878: 3869: 3863: 3854: 3848: 3839: 3833: 3817: 3811: 3802: 3796: 3787: 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129: 119: 118: 108: 107: 97: 96: 86: 85: 79: 58: 53: 41: 21: 20: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4755:2012 in Romania 4740: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4714: 4658: 4542:Bender Uprising 4532:Khotyn Uprising 4505: 4471:Săbăoani revolt 4458: 4452: 4429: 4427: 4385: 4380: 4369: 4365: 4354: 4350: 4339: 4335: 4324: 4320: 4309: 4305: 4294: 4290: 4279: 4275: 4264: 4260: 4251:Wayback Machine 4242: 4238: 4227: 4223: 4212: 4208: 4197: 4193: 4182: 4178: 4167: 4163: 4152: 4148: 4137: 4133: 4124:Wayback Machine 4115: 4111: 4100: 4096: 4087:Wayback Machine 4078: 4074: 4063: 4059: 4050:Wayback Machine 4041: 4037: 4032:Income Magazine 4026: 4022: 4011: 4007: 3998:Wayback Machine 3989: 3985: 3976:Wayback Machine 3967: 3963: 3952: 3948: 3937: 3933: 3922: 3918: 3907: 3903: 3894:Wayback Machine 3885: 3881: 3870: 3866: 3855: 3851: 3840: 3836: 3831:Income Magazine 3827:Wayback Machine 3818: 3814: 3803: 3799: 3788: 3784: 3773: 3769: 3758: 3754: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3728: 3722:Wayback Machine 3714: 3710: 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According to 1729: 1696:Sfântu Gheorghe 1692: 1687: 1669: 1667:Revolutionaries 1653: 1644:Anamaria Prodan 1609: 1601:Clara Petroleum 1552:Chevron Romania 1522: 1447: 1442: 1394: 1382:Victoria Nuland 1276: 1161: 1156: 1143: 1138: 1125: 1120: 1107: 1102: 1096:External videos 1080: 1068:25 January 2012 1017:19 January 2012 1007:Roşiori de Vede 939:16 January 2012 853:15 January 2012 839:police officers 788:12 January 2012 784: 768: 763: 750: 745: 732: 727: 714: 709: 696: 691: 678: 673: 656: 640: 627: 611: 574: 562:health benefits 558: 534:social benefits 518: 513: 439: 435: 419: 364: 360:Online activism 288: 285:Early elections 254: 243: 242: 232: 231: 217: 216: 206: 205: 195: 194: 184: 183: 161: 160: 150: 149: 139: 138: 124: 123: 113: 112: 102: 101: 91: 90: 80: 78: 73: 56: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4808: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4709: 4704: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4656: 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586:SMURD 372:Ended 267:Goals 173:Padua 132:Paris 4443:and 2178:2012 2140:2012 2077:2012 1883:and 1760:Lyon 1709:Arad 1623:and 1599:and 1369:and 1367:Rome 1228:Brad 1224:Arad 1220:Deva 1190:and 959:and 824:and 526:cuts 472:The 407:and 397:and 177:Rome 49:Date 4447:in 1905:OTV 1257:In 1178:to 1165:on 1147:on 1129:on 1111:on 1066:On 1061:TVR 1055:On 1031:On 997:In 982:In 951:On 937:On 892:to 851:On 786:On 772:on 754:on 736:on 718:on 700:on 682:on 528:in 4746:: 4717:ro 4439:, 4373:, 4358:, 4343:, 4328:, 4313:, 4298:, 4283:, 4268:, 4253:, 4231:, 4216:, 4201:, 4186:, 4171:, 4156:, 4141:, 4126:, 4104:, 4089:, 4067:, 4052:, 4030:, 4015:, 4000:, 3978:, 3956:, 3941:, 3926:, 3911:, 3896:, 3874:, 3859:, 3844:, 3829:, 3807:, 3792:, 3777:, 3762:, 3747:, 3692:, 3677:, 3662:, 3647:, 3632:, 3617:, 3602:, 3587:, 3572:, 3557:, 3542:, 3491:, 3476:, 3449:, 3426:, 3403:, 3385:, 3370:, 3355:, 3322:, 3300:, 3285:, 3270:, 3255:, 3146:, 3131:, 3116:, 3061:, 3039:, 3024:, 2985:^ 2897:, 2838:. 2807:, 2792:, 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