644:
53:
914:. Their actions have been condemned by militant and other terrorist groups, as well as by mainstream Islamic scholars and organizations, who have contrasted Saudi government executions, which conform to standards that minimize pain, with the non-state actors who have "chosen a slow, torturous sawing method to terrorize the Western audience".
767:
Some commentators have suggested that terrorists use alternative interpretations of these surahs to justify decapitation captives, however there is agreement among scholars that they have a different meaning. Furthermore, according to Rachel Saloom, surah 47:4 goes on to recommend generosity or
694:. By the end of the 20th century, its use had been abandoned in most countries. Decapitation is still a legal method of execution in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. It is also a legal method for execution in Zamfara State, Nigeria under Sharia. In Iran, beheading was last used in 2001 according to
802:
as recently as 2001, but as of 2014 is no longer in use. It is a legal form of execution in Yemen, but the punishment has been suspended. It is also a legal form of execution under Sharia in
Zamfara State, Nigeria.
739:
Now when ye meet in battle those who disbelieve, then it is smiting of the necks until, when ye have routed them, making fast of bonds; and afterward either grace or ransom 'til the war lay down its burdens.
733:
When the Lord inspired the angels (saying) I am with you. So make those who believe stand firm. I will throw fear into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Then smite the necks and smite of them each finger.
716:
The use of decapitation for punishment continued well into the 20th century in both
Islamic and non-Islamic nations. When done properly, it was once considered a humane and honorable method of execution.
1350:
1296:
1054:
776:
Decapitation was the normal method of executing the death penalty under classical
Islamic law. It was also, together with hanging, one of the ordinary methods of execution in the
783:
Currently, Saudi Arabia is the only country in the world which uses decapitation within its
Islamic legal system. The majority of executions carried out by the government of
871:
in 1880 and led Jihad against the
Ottoman Empire and their British allies. He and his followers beheaded opponents, Christian and Muslim alike including the British general
1322:
1214:
853:
in 1480. According to a traditional account, after capture, more than 800 of its inhabitants – who refused to convert to Islam – were beheaded. They are known as the "
725:
There is a debate as to whether the Quran discusses decapitation. Two surahs could potentially be used to provide a justification for decapitation in the context of
1479:
1377:
974:
1002:
1340:
1293:
998:"Beheading was last used as a method of execution in 2001....beheading is no longer in use." Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide,
748:
interprets the last sentence of 8:12 to mean striking at the enemies in any way possible, from their head to the tips of their extremities.
1046:
1401:
1082:
Rachel Saloom (2005), "Is
Beheading Permissible under Islamic Law – Comparing Terrorist Jihad and the Saudi Arabian Death Penalty",
1405:
427:
788:
1319:
1206:
1595:
1277:
314:
1430:
Watt, W. Montgomery (2012). "Ḳurayẓa". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).
885:
1462:
784:
17:
1487:
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ransom when waging war, and it refers to a period when
Muslims were persecuted and had to fight for their survival.
92:
674:
764:, the expression indicates the brevity of the act, as it is confined to battle and is not a continuous command.
899:
891:
699:
619:
999:
836:
363:
1374:
1164:
Nasr, Seyyed
Hossein; Dagli, Caner K.; Dakake, Maria Massi; Lumbard, Joseph E.B.; Rustom, Mohammed (2015).
1146:
Nasr, Seyyed
Hossein; Dagli, Caner K.; Dakake, Maria Massi; Lumbard, Joseph E.B.; Rustom, Mohammed (2015).
395:
1523:
Byron
Farwell, Prisoners of the Mahdi (New York & London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1989), pp. 156-7.
1163:
1145:
846:
691:
442:
269:
752:
reads the reference to striking at the necks as conveying the gravity and severity of the fighting. For
1585:
1240:
Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-First Century
1183:
Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-First Century
911:
799:
792:
482:
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577:
289:
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for a treaty violation that lead to the deaths of many Muslims, with several hundreds killed in 627.
1245:
509:
309:
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1345:
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104:
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558:
324:
1534:
1263:
872:
695:
553:
378:
162:
117:
1237:
1180:
812:
The Islamic followers of the Prophet Muhammad executed the men of the Jewish Arab tribe of
745:
8:
1305:
1238:
1181:
947:"Republican Decree – By Law No. [13] For 1994 Concerning the Criminal Procedures"
667:
563:
197:
97:
854:
587:
544:
514:
497:
472:
417:
373:
85:
1394:
902:
have used beheading as a method of killing captives. Since 2002, ISIS have circulated
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1458:
1439:
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907:
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592:
539:
452:
412:
274:
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820:
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383:
368:
353:
262:
141:
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903:
798:
According to Amnesty, decapitation have been carried out by state authorities in
572:
388:
348:
337:
319:
222:
167:
80:
1168:. HarperCollins (Kindle edition). p. Commentary to 47:4, Loc. 59632–59635.
1150:. HarperCollins (Kindle edition). p. Commentary to 8:12, Loc. 23676–23678.
864:
843:
832:
777:
660:
532:
519:
477:
422:
36:
1579:
895:
597:
502:
462:
1341:"Saudi Arabia's Beheadings Are Public, but It Doesn't Want Them Publicized"
813:
711:
687:
648:
604:
341:
73:
62:
1210:
858:
400:
358:
282:
1384:, deathpenaltyworldwide.org, Cornell Law School. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
761:
753:
749:
702:
have used beheading as a method of killing captives and terror tactic.
405:
757:
304:
1511:
Creating East And West: Renaissance Humanists And the Ottoman Turks
614:
582:
296:
230:
1294:"When It Comes to Beheadings, ISIS has Nothing Over Saudi Arabia"
850:
824:
447:
124:
1526:
1320:"Saudi Arabia's Beheading of a Nanny Followed Strict Procedures"
1021:
An Introduction to Comparative Legal Models of Criminal Justice
467:
457:
246:
214:
206:
191:
185:
69:
1513:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 158.
1560:
Timothy R. Furnish (2005). "Beheading in the Name of Islam".
1200:
1198:
1121:
1096:
868:
726:
609:
487:
178:
136:
129:
52:
44:
1017:
698:, but it is no longer in use. In recent decades, extremist
238:
146:
1204:
1195:
1207:"Jihadists beheadings sow fear, prompt Muslim revulsion"
975:"Sharia Criminal Procedure Code Law 2005, No. 6 of 2005"
1532:
861:
of this account has been questioned by modern scholars.
1084:
UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs
720:
1429:
1559:
1166:The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary
1148:The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary
879:
1577:
1257:
1255:
1338:
1205:Sara Hussein and Rita Daou (3 September 2014).
1235:
1178:
791:, which usually cause mass gatherings but are
771:
1536:Dictionary of Media and Communication Studies
1446:
1252:
847:invaded and laid siege to the city of Otranto
668:
1508:
1395:"Iran / death penalty A state terror policy"
1044:
692:capital punishment in pre-modern Islamic law
1480:"How the 800 Martyrs of Otranto Saved Rome"
1539:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 325.
1265:The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective
675:
661:
1402:International Federation for Human Rights
1261:
806:
705:
1387:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
793:not allowed to be photographed or filmed
1553:
1159:
1157:
831:; a Christian knight who served in the
14:
1578:
1502:
1452:
1370:
1368:
1244:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1187:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1069:
1057:from the original on 27 December 2017
1018:Cliff Roberson, Dilip K. Das (2008).
27:Execution in Islamicate jurisdictions
1455:The Real History Behind the Templars
1262:Hood, Roger; Hoyle, Carolyn (2015).
1154:
969:
967:
941:
939:
1365:
1339:Justine Drennen (20 January 2015).
1047:"Decapitation and the Muslim World"
886:Beheading by Salafi jihadist groups
24:
1477:
1411:from the original on 19 April 2019
837:against Islam's two holiest cities
25:
1607:
1353:from the original on 27 July 2019
1217:from the original on 27 July 2019
1045:Nina Rastogi (20 February 2009).
964:
936:
721:Decapitation in Islamic scripture
1533:James Watson, Anne Hill (2015).
1440:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4535
642:
51:
1517:
1471:
1423:
1332:
1312:
1286:
1229:
1172:
1375:"Death Penalty Database: Iran"
1139:
1114:
1089:
1038:
1011:
992:
880:Modern use by non-state actors
744:Among classical commentators,
13:
1:
1404:. 16 March 2010. p. 38.
1000:Death Penalty Worldwide: Iran
929:
1596:Islam and capital punishment
1329:, ABC News, 11 January 2013.
7:
917:
900:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
772:Decapitation in Islamic law
226:("Stories of the Prophets")
10:
1612:
1024:. CRC Press. p. 156.
883:
709:
690:was a standard method of
1457:. Penguin. p. 133.
1213:. Agence France-Presse.
315:Medieval Islamic science
1453:Newman, Sharan (2007).
1434:(2nd ed.). Brill.
1346:Foreign Policy Magazine
1299:16 October 2014 at the
1270:Oxford University Press
1236:Rudolph Peters (2006).
1179:Rudolph Peters (2006).
1122:"Surah Muhammad - 1-38"
1097:"Surah Al-Anfal - 1-75"
1432:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1086:, vol. 10, pp. 221–49.
892:Salafi jihadist groups
835:and organized attacks
807:Historical occurrences
742:
736:
706:Background and context
700:Salafi jihadist groups
325:Succession to Muhammad
1562:Middle East Quarterly
1509:Nancy Bisaha (2004).
737:
731:
696:Amnesty International
1380:7 April 2019 at the
1325:18 July 2019 at the
1292:Janine di Giovanni,
1005:27 July 2019 at the
829:Raynald of Châtillon
827:personally beheaded
746:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
364:Association football
1490:on 17 December 2013
125:Profession of Faith
98:Day of Resurrection
1309:, 14 October 2014.
980:. 23 November 2005
855:Martyrs of Otranto
18:Beheading in Islam
1586:Execution methods
1478:Bunson, Matthew.
1318:Russell Goldman,
1279:978-0-19-870173-6
952:. 12 October 1994
867:declared himself
789:public beheadings
685:
684:
16:(Redirected from
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1591:History of Islam
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1486:. Archived from
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1272:. p. 178.
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865:Muhammad Ahmad
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842:Forces of the
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1568:(2): 51–57.
1494:11 February
1221:3 September
1211:Yahoo! News
859:Historicity
620:Laws of war
283:Ahl al-Bayt
168:Foundations
1580:Categories
930:References
912:propaganda
890:Extremist
819:After the
762:Ibn Kathir
754:al-Qurtubi
750:Al-Qurtubi
473:Philosophy
210:(exegesis)
147:Pilgrimage
137:Almsgiving
1131:30 August
1126:Quran.com
1106:30 August
1101:Quran.com
1061:10 August
758:al-Tabari
593:terrorism
545:Criticism
498:Sexuality
468:Mysticism
438:Festivals
418:Education
413:Economics
349:Academics
305:Caliphate
118:Practices
1406:Archived
1378:Archived
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918:See also
894:such as
849:and its
823:(1187),
629:Glossary
615:Jihadism
588:Violence
583:Islamism
554:Muhammad
540:Apostasy
483:Politics
433:Feminism
428:Exorcism
389:Diaspora
374:Children
369:Calendar
297:Rashidun
275:Muhammad
270:Timeline
231:Mathnawi
93:Prophets
37:a series
35:Part of
1415:5 April
1357:5 March
851:citadel
825:Saladin
510:Slavery
493:Science
448:Madrasa
443:Finance
354:Animals
342:society
338:Culture
310:Imamate
290:Sahabah
263:History
233:(Poems)
218:(creed)
142:Fasting
70:Oneness
63:Beliefs
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984:20 May
956:20 May
908:terror
760:, and
740:(47:4)
734:(8:12)
564:Hadith
478:Poetry
458:Mosque
423:Ethics
248:Sharia
216:Aqidah
208:Tafsir
192:Hadith
186:Sunnah
130:Prayer
81:Angels
1409:(PDF)
1398:(PDF)
1051:Slate
978:(PDF)
950:(PDF)
869:Mahdi
610:Jihad
559:Quran
520:Women
463:Music
401:Sunni
250:(law)
198:Sirah
179:Quran
163:Texts
45:Islam
1541:ISBN
1496:2012
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1417:2016
1359:2017
1274:ISBN
1223:2014
1133:2023
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1063:2016
1026:ISBN
986:2024
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910:and
898:and
896:ISIS
800:Iran
787:are
503:LGBT
406:Shia
340:and
240:Fiqh
1436:doi
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857:".
727:war
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