3519:"Three Bronze Age individuals from Rathlin Island (2026–1534 cal BC), including one high coverage (10.5×) genome, showed substantial Steppe genetic heritage indicating that the European population upheavals of the third millennium manifested all of the way from southern Siberia to the western ocean. This turnover invites the possibility of accompanying introduction of Indo-European, perhaps early Celtic, language. Irish Bronze Age haplotypic similarity is strongest within modern Irish, Scottish, and Welsh populations, and several important genetic variants that today show maximal or very high frequencies in Ireland appear at this horizon. These include those coding for lactase persistence, blue eye color, Y chromosome R1b haplotypes, and the hemochromatosis C282Y allele; to our knowledge, the first detection of a known Mendelian disease variant in prehistory. These findings together suggest the establishment of central attributes of the Irish genome 4,000 y ago."
1962:
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intellectual extension of modern
British cultural colonialism, as well as for simplifying the anthropological correlation between material culture and ethnicity. Ruth and Vincent Megaw in the Antiquity article "The Mechanism of (Celtic) Dreams?': A Partial Response to Our Critics." attacked 'Celt-sceptics' for being motivated by English nationalism or anxieties about the decline of British imperial power.
284:(2010). It holds that a Celt is someone who uses a Celtic language or produces or uses a distinctive Celtic cultural expression (such as art or music) or has been referred to as a Celt in historical materials or has identified themselves or been identified by others as a Celt or has a demonstrated descent from the Celts (such as family history or DNA ancestry).
1724:
Attitudes and customs associated with the routine of the year's work, religious beliefs and practices survived the coming of
Christianity in the conservative rural areas of much of the Celtic countries. All over these lands there were sacred places which had earned their status in pre-Christian times
1895:
as its focus point. The celebrations are tied to the promotion of fertility and a fruitful growing season with the 'Obby 'Oss dancing to the music through streets decked out in flowers, and sycamore, ash and maple boughs. Shortly afterwards, on 8 May, the ancient rites of Spring are celebrated with
1256:
came from
Ireland, Scotland, and Scandinavia: studies of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomes indicate that 62% of Icelanders' matrilineal ancestry derives from Scotland and Ireland (with most of the rest being from Scandinavia), while 75% of their patrilineal ancestry derives from Scandinavia (with
859:
in the historic sense. The core of his argument was that the Iron Age peoples of
Britain should be considered not as generic Celts, but as a mosaic of different societies, each with their own traditions and histories. Later in 1998, this line of reasoning came under criticism, being labelled an
742:
or inter-Celtic dimension, seen in many organisations and festivals operating across various Celtic countries. Celtic studies departments at many universities in Europe and beyond, have studied the various ancient and modern Celtic languages and associated history and folklore under one roof.
240:
In the late 20th century, some authors criticised the idea of modern Celtic identity, usually by downplaying the value of the linguistic component in defining culture and cultural connection, sometimes also arguing that there never was a common Celtic culture, even in ancient times. Malcolm
863:
Simon James, in 1998, wrote a response arguing that the rejection of a Celtic past was not 'nationalist' but partly due to archaeological evidence, and usually by a post-colonial and multi-cultural agenda with recognition that
Britain has always been home to multiple identities.
1765:). In Gaelic folklore, it was considered a particularly dangerous time, when magical spirits wandered through the land, particularly at nightfall. The other important feast days that also continued to be celebrated under Christian guise, but often with a pagan spirit were
1434:" was adopted as a pan-Celtic anthem. Though there are links between Scots Gaelic and Irish Gaelic folk musics, very different musical traditions existed in Wales and Brittany. Nevertheless, Gaelic styles were adopted as typically Celtic even by Breton revivalists such as
1197:
is noted as a feature of the culture of the Celtic nations and regions and people with a Celtic heritage. Historically, some people in Celtic areas could recite their genealogy back though the generations as history, moving rhythmically from one name to another using only
987:, amongst others. These organisations ascribe to a definition of Celticity-based mainly upon language. Celtic languages have survived (or in some cases been revived) and continue to be used to varying degrees in these six geographical areas. There are also Celtic nomads:
1784:
In their pilgrimages the people combined the celebration of a holy place and a holy day. Pilgrimages are still an important feature of country life, particularly in
Ireland, Brittany and Galicia. The most impressive pilgrimages include
4592:
1725:
and which had only been gingerly adopted by the
Christian church and given a garnish of Christian names or dedications, hills, stones, and especially wells which can still be seen festooned with rags in observance of an old ritual.
511:, 'our ancestors the Gauls') could be seen as an example of cultural assimilation. In the late Middle Ages, some French writers believed (incorrectly) that their language was primarily Celtic, rather than Latin. A similar use of
3529:
Jorgensen, Tove H.; Buttenschön, Henriette N.; Wang, August G.; Als, Thomas D.; Børglum, Anders D.; Ewald, Henrik (2004). "The origin of the isolated population of the Faroe
Islands investigated using Y chromosomal markers".
1728:
Certain days in the year were marked as festivals, and time was counted forward and backwards from them without reference to the ordinary calendar. In her fine study of the festival of the beginning of harvest, in Irish
1681:
is an annual 3-day event that promotes the languages and cultures of the Celtic
Nations and Regions in media. This festival takes place in a different Celtic nation every year and has been running since 1980.
1061:"can claim a Celtic cultural or historic heritage". These claims to Celticity are rooted in the long historical existence of Celts in these regions and ethnic connections to other Atlantic Celtic peoples (see
2406:, edited by Robert Tombs. London: HarperCollins Academic; Dietler, Michael (1994) "'Our ancestors the Gauls': archaeology, ethnic nationalism, and the manipulation of Celtic identity in modern Europe",
2048:. From the 1980s, public fascination with Celtic Art spawned a small industry in Celtic art books and reinterpretations of ancient Celtic art works, such as the works of Welsh artist Courtney Davies.
4739:
1257:
most of the rest being from the Irish and
British Isles). In addition, there are some areas of the accepted Celtic countries whose population are mostly not of Celtic heritage: for example, the
1430:
The claim that distinctly Celtic styles of music exist was made during the nineteenth century, and was associated with the revival of folk traditions and pan-Celtic ideology. The Welsh anthem "
1136:
has been criticised as stemming from the difficulty that many English historians have with accepting Old Welsh as the language once spoken all over England. It was suggested by Colin Lewis in
1010:
A number of activists on behalf of other regions/nations have also sought recognition as modern Celts, reflecting the wide diffusion of ancient Celts across Europe. Notable regions include
472:
Delegates at the Pan-Celtic Congress, Caernarfon, 1904. Back row: Maggie Jones (harpist of Arfon); Mrs Gruffydd Richards (chief harpist of Gwent), David Roberts (blind harpist of Mawddwy),
3437:
1073:). In 2009, the Gallaic Revival Movement, sponsored by the Liga Celtiga Galaica (the Galician Celtic League), claimed to be reconstructing the Q-Celtic Gallaic language based on the
634:
and its analogues in the other Celtic-speaking countries. Among the enduring products of this resurgence of interest in a romantic, pre-industrial, brooding, mystical Celticity are
6753:
327:) and their respective cultures and languages. Except for the Bretons (if discounting Norman and Channel Islander connections), all groups mentioned have been subject to strong
3763:
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3470:
844:
in arguing against critics seemingly motivated by an English nationalist agenda opposed to further integration with Europe who saw modern Celtic identity as a threat.
3411:
237:
produced by the ancient Celts and early medieval Christianity, along with folk styles. Cultural events to promote "inter-Celtic" cultural exchange also emerged.
488:'Celt' has been adopted as a label of self-identification by a variety of peoples at different times. 'Celticity' can refer to the inferred links between them.
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Celtic from the West Chapter 2: The Celts from everywhere and nowhere: a re-evaluation of the origins of the Celts and the emergence of Celtic cultures
1148:
to enable use of Welsh's existing rich cultural basis rather than having to "reinvent the wheel" in much the same way as has been done successfully in
3914:
1739:
has demonstrated the continuity between the myth known from the early Middle Ages and the customs which survive in the 21st century. Lughnasa, called
1207:
5010:
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5051:
1029:
A Celtic language did not survive in Galicia / Northern Portugal (together Gallaecia), Asturias nor Cantabria, and as such they fall outside of the
2974:
2555:
2693:
1519:, world music, scat singing and hip hop rapping in Celtic languages. Traditional rhythmic styles used to accompany dancing and now performed are
735:(Welsh Parliament). More broadly, distinct identities in opposition to that of the metropolitan capitals have been forged and taken strong root.
1855:
1217:
has by far its highest prevalence rate among people of Celtic ancestry. Other traits far more prevalent among people of Celtic ancestry include
2493:
3444:
3985:
3946:
2433:
855:
article "Celts, politics and motivation in archaeology" replied to Ruth and Vincent Megaw's article questioning the suitability of the term
4627:
867:
Recently, the Insular Celts have increasingly been seen as part of an Atlantic trading-networked culture speaking Celtic languages of the
175:
1479:, has brought much inter-Celtic cross-fertilisation, as, for instance, the revival by Welsh musicians of the use of the mediaeval Welsh
7333:
7238:
5210:
5181:
2836:
1801:
came in part from a visit to Galicia and in particular Santiago de Compostela. Some of her songs are about Celtic feast days such as
499:
were portrayed as a forerunner of the 19th-century struggles in defence of French nationalism, including the wars of both Napoleons (
3385:
1159:
chants are sung around bonfires remembering a Celtic god. There are also modern attempts to revive the polytheistic religion of the
680:
Smaller minorities also have equally proud visions of themselves as irreducibly Welsh, Irish, Manx or Cornish. These identities are
4058:
622:
and the many others influenced by them. This image coloured not only the English perception of their neighbours on the so-called "
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1034:
980:
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Patrick Ryan, 'Celticity and storyteller identity: the use and misuse of ethnicity to develop a storyteller's sense of self',
4200:. Sydney, Australia: Sydney Series in Celtic Studies 2, Centre for Celtic Studies, University of Sydney. pp. 83–84, 112.
3586:
Goodacre, S; Helgason, A; Nicholson, J; Southam, L; Ferguson, L; Hickey, E; Vega, E; Stefánsson, K; Ward, R; Sykes, B (2005).
233:
identified as Celtic. Music typically drew on folk traditions within the Celtic nations. Art drew on the decorative styles of
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4137:
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1983:
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727:, and in the first two decades of the 21st century Scottish and Welsh Nationalists have supported the institutions of the
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62:
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Similarly, there has been a rebirth of interest in fantasy fiction based on Celtic themes inspired by history and
670:, as opposed to regional, minorities has been periodically recognised by major British newspapers. For example, a
5143:
3096:
1978:
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1998:
that revived ancient traditions based on the museum pieces that archaeologists had recovered. An example is the
7338:
4833:
4801:
4752:
2607:
2240:
1839:
4858:
3588:"Genetic evidence for a family-based Scandinavian settlement of Shetland and Orkney during the Viking periods"
3071:
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1340:
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styles of singing are performed across the modern Celtic world due to the folk music revival, popularity of
6992:
3921:
17:
676:
editorial in 1990 pointed to these differences, and said that they should be constitutionally recognised:
6192:
5457:
5027:.: This is primarily a descriptive cultural and commercial directory of the Scottish community of Québec.
4003:
1946:
848:
5013:(2006). "Celticism, Celtitude, and Celticity: the consumption of the past in the age of globalization".
1236:
have a population with a large Celtic heritage in genetic terms. Recent DNA analyses have revealed that
6763:
6638:
6243:
6212:
5597:
3664:
Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2003, "Population characteristics: Ancestry of Australia's population"
2989:
2559:
366:). These were either Romanised or Germanised much earlier, before the Early Middle Ages. Nevertheless,
1104:
in about 1018. England as a whole comprises many distinct regions, and some of these regions, such as
1054:
491:
During the 19th century, French nationalists gave a privileged significance to their descent from the
7328:
6724:
6559:
6187:
1761:(evening of the saints), an important day and night and feast among the Celts (in Welsh it is called
1361:
758:
sections below, the richness of these aspects that have captured the world's attention are outlined.
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Some of the most vibrant aspects of modern Celtic culture are music, song and festivals. Under the
724:
211:
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3989:
3950:
3114:
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1225:, with 46% of Irish and at least 36% of Highland Scots being carriers of red-head variants of the
550:, spoken in classical times. The terms Goidelic and Brythonic were first used to describe the two
7323:
6775:
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1945:, one of the original leads, also worked with The Chieftains. Flatley later put up his own show,
1935:
1554:
which "frequently involves the blending of traditional and modern forms, e.g. the Celtic-punk of
1396:
1226:
800:(loyalty to kin, mistrust of governmental authority, and military readiness), in contrast to the
559:
1961:
7243:
7162:
7125:
6197:
5487:
5482:
4987:
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2732:"'The mechanism of (Celtic) dreams?': a partial response to our critics. - Free Online Library"
2451:
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is composed of people whose ancestors were from one of the "Celtic nations". This concerns the
1101:
1046:
1030:
504:
3654:. Gaelic most common mother-tongue among Fathers of Confederation. URL accessed 26 April 2006.
3517:
Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome
2206:
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7009:
6824:
6569:
6469:
5840:
5683:
5662:
2149:
1702:
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793:
546:, as well as a relationship between these languages and the extinct Celtic languages such as
531:
166:
The concept of modern Celtic identity evolved during the course of the 19th century into the
4971:
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7152:
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has been applied to a wide variety of peoples and cultural traits present and past. Today,
288:
191:
1949:. The spectacular success of both shows can certainly take the credit for the revitalised
1938:
in Dublin that soon developed into the Irish dance extravaganza the world came to know as
792:, controversially asserts that the early "pioneering" immigrants to North America were of
8:
7301:
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6798:
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1461:. The harp is considered to be the national instrument of Wales and is used to accompany
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868:
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811:
728:
543:
447:
344:
332:
132:
6438:
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can claim more Celtic heritage than others. In 2009, it was claimed that revival of the
7205:
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6829:
6793:
6714:
6669:
6564:
6390:
6281:
6238:
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on the west coast of Ireland on the last Sunday in July (the beginning of harvest) and
1431:
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1355:
1347:
830:
In 1996, Ruth Megaw and Emeritus Professor Vincent Megaw of Flinders University in the
355:
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195:
171:
148:
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230:
103:
following the identification of the native peoples of the Atlantic fringe as Celts by
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6624:
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4829:
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4748:
4724:
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4339:
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2212:
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2017:
1794:
1501:
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631:
427:
379:
187:
1934:, New York, in a defining moment that led more than a decade later to a show at the
1736:
347:, and can similarly be described as participating in a Franco-Celtic macro-culture.
107:
in the 18th century. Lhuyd and others (notably the 17th century Breton chronologist
7098:
7059:
7014:
7001:
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Allons enfants de quelle patrie? Breton nationalism and the Impressionist aesthetic
3599:
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3266:
2641:
2252:
2067:
2061:
1901:
1884:
1748:
1714:
1471:) where the harpist plays a melody and the singer sings in counterpoint to it. The
1322:
There are three areas outside Europe with communities of Celtic language speakers:
1316:
1262:
1141:
1125:
1097:
988:
639:
611:
551:
527:, the source of the nation code CH and the name used on postage stamps (Helvetia).
414:
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219:
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140:
128:
108:
81:
39:
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2581:
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5447:
5442:
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5422:
5335:
2895:
2888:"Information on The International Celtic Congress Douglas, Isle of Man hosted by"
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3495:
2887:
2524:"The Great Starvation and British Imperialism in Ireland (University of Toledo)"
1441:
1084:
Elements of Celtic music, dance, and folklore can be found within England (e.g.
163:
variants) languages, and the people who speak them are considered modern Celts.
7343:
7180:
7170:
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7049:
6964:
6944:
6926:
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5129:
5057:
CelticCountries.com – Monthly magazine on current affairs in the Celtic nations
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2099:
2013:
were developed in the early 1900s by enterprising island women to earn income.
1927:
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1308:
1304:
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1199:
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810:. Irish Americans also played an important role in the shaping of 19th-century
720:
463:
408:
308:
300:
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167:
152:
144:
100:
85:
4973:
Celtoscepticism. A convenient excuse for ignoring non-archaeological evidence?
3543:
2645:
2256:
1419:
562:, during that century "people who spoke Celtic languages were seen as Celts."
84:, cultures and artistic histories, and who live in or descend from one of the
7317:
6977:
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6856:
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6590:
6542:
6328:
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1931:
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1620:
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In some former British colonies, or particular regions within them, the term
1288:
1233:
1229:, possibly an adaptation to the cloudy weather of the areas where they live.
1214:
1172:
1089:
788:
783:
776:
The USA has also taken part in discussions of modern Celticity. For example,
739:
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At the same time, there was also a tendency to stress other heritages in the
496:
328:
277:
215:
156:
120:
3681:
A Book of Mad Celts: John Wickens and the Celtic Congress of Caernarfon 1904
2940:
The last of the Tinsmiths: The Life of Willy MacPhee, by Shelia Douglas 2006
1041:. Nevertheless, many organisations organised around Celticity consider that
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6354:
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Celtes et Gaulois dans l’histoire, l’historiographie et l’idéologie moderne
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has to be borne in mind before branching out into other cultural domains.
226:
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104:
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4266:
707:'s GDP per capita in the 1990s for the first time, was given the moniker "
339:
macro-culture. By the same token, the Bretons have been subject to strong
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from Brittany. Other traditional unaccompanied styles sung currently are
1300:
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738:
These latter evolutions have proceeded hand in hand with the growth of a
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2402:
Weber, Eugen (1991) "Gauls versus Franks: conflict and nationalism", in
2167:
1915:. Fertility festivals like this used to be celebrated all over Britain.
894:
261:
Traditionally, the essential defining criterion of Celticity is seen as
7133:
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5855:
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1991:
1950:
1939:
1912:
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1540:
1512:
1467:
1249:
1149:
1129:
1109:
468:
234:
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1608:
711:". Thanks in part to campaigning on the part of Cornish regionalists,
507:). Basic French history textbooks emphasised the ways in which Gauls (
6533:
5645:
1778:
1547:
1331:
1296:
1283:
An example of a proposed Pan-Celtic flag created by Robert Berthelier
1190:
1117:
1093:
1023:
692:
687:
623:
535:
403:
395:
276:
is the contemporary inclusive and associative definition proposed by
77:
5845:
5551:
1773:
in Welsh), the start of lambing, now the feast day of St Brigit and
1485:
1248:, tracing female descent, is 84% Celtic. The same can be said about
7190:
6654:
6107:
6062:
6026:
6014:
5860:
5820:
5640:
5632:
5627:
5609:
5532:
5269:
5264:
5249:
4881:
4708:
2812:"Collis, J - Our Staff - Archaeology - The University of Sheffield"
1731:
1710:
1693:
have become the focus for festivals, feasts and marches: Ireland –
1663:
1628:
1571:
1222:
1058:
1019:
1004:
971:
956:
946:
919:
911:
777:
712:
539:
520:
519:, when the Swiss were seen to originate in the Celtic tribe of the
443:
435:
423:
391:
387:
5875:
5056:
4577:
3100:
1395:
has emerged as a descriptor of an ethnic grouping. In particular,
370:
origins are many times implied for continental groups such as the
7200:
7175:
7054:
7029:
6664:
6629:
6602:
6529:
6511:
6102:
6038:
5667:
5297:
5274:
4624:
Jack Mulveen. (1994.) "Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Ware",
4591:
Walker, W.; Kelly, T.; MacArthur, E. M.; Breen, A. (9 May 2013).
1905:
1888:
1879:
1874:
1873:
To signal the coming of summer and the return of real warmth, on
1848:
1844:
1824:
1806:
1793:
in Galicia. The inspiration for famous Celtic singer and harpist
1774:
1753:
1480:
1454:
1279:
1253:
1132:, England, however the idea that "Cumbric" was separate from Old
1105:
1066:
951:
903:
762:
635:
547:
399:
304:
124:
3795:"Irish Music and Scottish Music: What's the Difference, Really?"
3764:"The Australian Gaelic Singers at the Sydney A Capella Festival"
2032:
popularized the revival of Celtic Art with his bestselling book
2009:
Textile craft industries based on Celtic fisher designs such as
523:, a link still found in the official Latin name of Switzerland,
263:
peoples and countries that do, or once did, use Celtic languages
7185:
6972:
6754:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
6674:
6649:
6613:
6607:
6520:
6443:
6369:
6288:
5790:
5279:
5224:
2861:
2003:
1766:
1624:
1595:
1563:
1292:
1203:
992:
815:
770:
732:
575:
451:
419:
249:
has called a "politically correct disdain for the use of 'Celt.
116:
89:
5103:
4011:
3819:
3707:
Welsh: a complete course in understanding speaking and writing
2630:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity (Antiquity web site stub)"
2040:
started to hold popular attention from the mid-1970s adopting
2016:
Following the authoritative publications on Celtic Art of the
1265:
in Scotland have populations of mostly Scandinvanian descent.
1232:
Although they are not usually considered a Celtic nation, the
127:. They categorised the ancient Irish and British languages as
6074:
5880:
5825:
5718:
5312:
5254:
5244:
5202:
5152:
4673:
Manuel d'archéologie préhistorique, celtique et gallo-romaine
2556:"Emeritus Professor JVS Megaw and Dr M Ruth Megaw Collection"
1667:
1656:
1632:
1523:
from Scotland, Ireland, and Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia,
1160:
1121:
961:
915:
492:
359:
93:
1930:
and performed five solo dances (including a triple spin) at
1586:
1574:." Pan-Celtic music festivals were established, notably the
6333:
5870:
5850:
5785:
5618:
4933:
The Sea Kingdoms: The History of Celtic Britain and Ireland
3528:
3471:"Celts' red hair could be attributed to the cloudy weather"
3214:
1744:
1559:
1458:
1137:
45:
3364:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 7, 30–31, 86, 177–178.
995:
that is a creole of Irish Gaelic and other languages, and
569:
at certain times. For example, in the Isle of Man, in the
5115:
4590:
2494:"Things Celtic Music Directory : Festivals and Pubs"
1976:, Steve Ball's knotwork appears on the cover of the
1743:
in Welsh, is a summer feast and was dedicated to the god
1496:
and famous Scottish pipes, or the Scots have revived the
1152:, another area where elements of Celtic culture survive.
882:, itself criticised in 2004 by Ruth and Vincent Megaw in
579:
heritage was emphasised, and in Scotland, both Norse and
265:
and it is asserted that an index of connectedness to the
4470:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. pp. 168–169.
2837:"John Collis. The Celts: origins, myths and inventions"
2044:
in comic strip form in his series of books and posters
1900:
procession to an ancient tune made famous in the song "
704:
2757:"Simon James's Ancient Celts Page – Further info"
2361:. University of California Press. pp. 12, 26–29.
1550:
led to the creation of a popular music genre labelled
1384:
for a separate province in Canada, as espoused by the
836:
article "Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity" examined
538:
established that there was a relationship between the
335:, and hence are also described as participating in an
170:. By the late 19th century, it often took the form of
6066:
4552:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. pp. 31–32.
4543:
4541:
4539:
4537:
3118:
3064:
E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
3023:
E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
2982:
E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
1685:
The birthdays of the most important Celtic Saints of
979:
These six nations alone are considered Celtic by the
936:
Six nations tend to be most associated with a modern
131:. The descendants of these ancient languages are the
63:
54:
42:
6452:
4649:. New York: Dover Publications Inc. pp. 10–13.
2150:"Celtic Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
1578:
founded in 1971, which has occurred annually since.
51:
48:
5106:– Welsh Music Foundation artists (Cymraeg, English)
2006:since at least 1700, but popularised in the 1840s.
878:of the University of Sheffield wrote a book titled
695:will never know. Any new constitutional settlement
4534:
4495:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. p. 168.
4461:
4459:
4383:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. p. 174.
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
3893:. Ontario, Canada: Quarry Press Inc. p. 169.
3572:Wang, C. August. 2006. Ílegur og Føroya Søga. In:
3355:
3353:
1399:is a term comprising about 80% of the population.
1268:
658:Cloths tied to a tree near Madron Well in Cornwall
2880:
2669:"Professor Simon James — University of Leicester"
2385:An introduction to the study of ancient geography
2036:first published in 1951. Irish artist and writer
1883:), the May Day festival time, dances such as the
1757:, a word that is still in use in Gaelic refer to
902:within their modern borders are shown in yellow (
796:origins. He goes on to argue that their distinct
789:Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America
457:
7315:
5023:(1999). Montréal: Conseil québécois du Chardon.
4594:The Modern History of Celtic Jewellery 1840-1980
4433:
4431:
4034:"St Andrew's Day: Scotland and around the world"
2608:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity (full text)"
1287:A significant portion of the populations of the
825:
723:. Scotland and Wales obtained agencies like the
225:The Celtic revival also led to the emergence of
4903:
4574:"Gaelforce Dance – The Irish Dance Spectacular"
4509:
4456:
4182:
3986:"St Patrick's Day Parades and Events Worldwide"
3696:, (Center for European Studies working papers).
3350:
3013:
2854:
2711:"Celts, politics and motivation in archaeology"
2311:Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales website
649:
218:in 1961, dedicated to preserving the surviving
3629:Emblèmes et symboles des Bretons et des Celtes
1815:CD which featured in the erotic thriller film
818:movement and the development of view that the
206:, the focus of the Celtic movement shifted to
6030:
5137:
4695:Jacobsthal, Paul (1944). "Early Celtic Art".
4484:
4428:
4110:
3882:
3054:
2301:
2299:
2024:periods by Joseph Déchelette (1908–1914) and
1918:In the early 1980s seven-time world champion
1155:Similarly, in France outside of Brittany, in
999:called "Tinkers" who speak a language called
6018:
4628:Galway Archaeological and Historical Society
4550:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age
4493:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age
4468:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age
4442:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 104–106.
4381:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age
3891:Celtic Tides: Traditional Music in a New Age
3293:"The Gods of Gaul and the Continental Celts"
3200:
3198:
3016:"Oppida and Celtic society in western Spain"
2749:
991:called "Pavee" that speak a language called
6078:
6042:
5116:KESSON The Cornish Musician's Collaborative
5063:"National Geographic Map: The Celtic Realm"
4823:
3705:Brake, Julie & Jones, Christine (2000)
3014:Álvarez-Sanchís, Jesús (28 February 2005).
2943:
2692:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2282:. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp. 39–64.
2051:
940:, and are considered the "Celtic nations".
176:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
6054:
5151:
5144:
5130:
5112:– Celtic Lyrics Corner (Gàidhlig, English)
5017:. Bibracte, Centre Archéologique Européen.
4694:
4676:. Paris: Librairie Alphonse Picard et fils
4669:
4520:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 15–17.
4223:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Lughnassadh"
3862:Robertson, Boyd & Taylor, Iain (1993)
3412:"Siol Ghoraidh - The Geneology Of Goraidh"
3181:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 20–22.
3172:
3170:
2934:
2296:
2271:
1662:) are seen as an equivalent to the Breton
1372:The most common mother-tongue amongst the
4913:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
4785:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4703:(1–2). Oxford: Clarendon Press: 191–198.
4372:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
3603:
3195:
3057:"Briga Toponyms in the Iberian Peninsula"
2628:Megaw, J. V. S & M. R. (March 1996).
2434:"A brief history of the Cornish language"
2208:Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopedia
2068:the vast body of Celtic myths and legends
1453:Celticism came to be associated with the
1445:Breton harpist and Celtic music exponent
515:for 19th-century nationalism was made in
198:movements, giving rise to the concept of
4644:
4618:
4547:
4490:
4465:
4378:
3973:Gaelic – A Complete Course for Beginners
3888:
3709:. London: Hodder & Stoughton; p. 265
3626:
3579:
3315:"Gaulish Polytheistic Reconstructionism"
3055:García Alonso, Juan (14 February 2006).
2705:
2703:
2354:
2339:
1960:
1854:
1838:
1713:'s Feast Day and Brittany – Fête de la
1585:
1440:
1418:
1278:
893:
653:
558:in his 1707 study and, according to the
467:
299:is often used to describe people of the
5034:. George Braziller, Inc, New York City.
4848:
4741:Celtic Art: The Methods of Construction
3866:. London: Hodder & Stoughton; p. 53
3864:Gaelic: a complete course for beginners
3438:"Haemochromatosis - The Celtic Disease"
3234:
3167:
2918:"Visio-Map of Europe Celtic Europe.vsd"
2381:
2333:
2315:Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales
2195:, Oxford University Press, 1997, p.276.
2034:Celtic Art: The Methods of Construction
997:Indigenous Highland Scottish Travellers
880:The Celts: Origins, Myths and Invention
851:of the University of Leicester in the
703:The Republic of Ireland, on surpassing
186:, in 1922. There were also significant
27:Classification of related ethnic groups
14:
7316:
5995:
4930:
4776:
4515:
4437:
4414:"Explore the Music: Loreena McKennitt"
4352:
4289:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Beltane"
4245:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Samhain"
4195:
4160:
3359:
3245:. London: Harper Collins. p. 20.
3240:
3176:
2972:
2198:
1747:. Of great interest is the use in the
1376:which saw the formation of Canada was
1177:Scottish Gaelic personal naming system
806:settlers, helped construct the modern
418:, respectively, in turn named for the
115:writers with the pre-Roman peoples of
7227:
7119:
6898:
6700:
6132:
5912:
5563:
5200:
5125:
4949:
4789:
4747:. London: Constable and Company Ltd.
4597:. Walker Metalsmiths. pp. 1–76.
4363:
4308:
4267:"Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia – Imbolc"
4173:
4138:"Grand Pardon de sainte Anne d'Auray"
3683:, Llandysul: Gomer Press, 2000, p. 38
3271:Derbywelshlearnerscircle.blogspot.com
3204:
2809:
2700:
2627:
2450:
2238:
243:The Celts: The Construction of a Myth
4969:
4952:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity"
4909:
4796:. Ceredigion: Y Lolfa. p. 156.
4737:
4338:. Carousel Books. pp. 197–201.
4333:
4004:"The National St David's Day Parade"
2973:Gamito, Teresa (10 September 2005).
2404:Nationhood and Nationalism in France
2277:
2241:"Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity"
2239:Megaw, J. V. S. & M. R. (1996).
2204:
354:for European cultures deriving from
272:An alternative approach to defining
99:A modern Celtic identity emerged in
7120:
4950:Megaw, J. V. S & M. R. (1996).
2518:
1311:), but to a lesser extent also the
1100:survived until the collapse of the
24:
4879:
4313:. London: Blandford. p. 136.
3792:
3468:
2529:. The Irish People. Archived from
2458:. Tor Mark Press. pp. 20–22.
1956:
1483:under the influence of the Breton
620:Théodore Hersart de la Villemarqué
214:, e.g. with the foundation of the
25:
7355:
7334:Ethnic groups in Europe by region
6550:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
5045:
4368:. Thames and Hudson. p. 672.
4286:
4264:
4242:
4220:
4178:. Thames and Hudson. p. 671.
3971:Robertson, Boyd and Taylor, Iain
3340:"Gaulish Reconstructionist Forum"
2783:"O'Donnell Lecture 2008 Appendix"
2605:
2456:The Story of the Cornish Language
1777:, the spring feast, now May Day (
1643:Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
1592:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
1576:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
1140:magazine that revivalists in the
889:
350:Less common is the assumption of
182:resulted in the secession of the
111:) equated the Celts described by
7300:
5913:
5550:
5030:O'Driscoll, Robert (ed.) (1981)
4873:
4842:
4817:
4731:
4688:
4663:
4638:
4584:
4566:
4336:Everyday Life of the Pagan Celts
2666:
2307:"Who were the Celts? ... Rhagor"
1904:" through the streets of nearby
1275:Celtic diaspora (disambiguation)
1240:, tracing male descent, are 87%
1202:as illustrated by lyrics of the
1081:compiled by Vincent F. Pintado.
38:
4790:Ellis, Peter Beresford (2002).
4406:
4397:
4327:
4302:
4280:
4258:
4236:
4214:
4130:
4104:
4083:
4069:
4051:
4026:
3996:
3978:
3965:
3939:
3907:
3877:Popular Music: the key concepts
3869:
3856:
3834:
3812:
3786:
3756:
3734:
3712:
3699:
3686:
3673:
3657:
3645:
3620:
3566:
3522:
3510:
3494:. Scotlands DNA. Archived from
3484:
3462:
3430:
3404:
3378:
3332:
3307:
3285:
3259:
3154:
3133:
3107:
3089:
3048:
3007:
2966:
2910:
2829:
2803:
2775:
2724:
2660:
2621:
2599:
2574:
2548:
2512:
2486:
2472:
2444:
2426:
2413:
2396:
2375:
2348:
2168:"Celtic League – About us"
1953:of the last half of the 1990s.
1269:Migration from Celtic countries
699:will be built on uneven ground.
3768:Sydneyacappellafestival.com.au
3670:). Retrieved 1 September 2006.
3668:Australian Social Trends, 2003
2382:Laurent, Peter Edmund (1868).
2232:
2185:
2160:
2142:
2122:
1891:in Cornwall are held with the
1851:celebration in Welwyn, England
691:, much less proud people from
458:Celtic revival and romanticism
256:
88:on the western extremities of
13:
1:
7269:Celtic place names in Galicia
6899:
4311:Holy Places of Celtic Britain
3652:Ministry of Canadian Heritage
3267:"Derby Welsh Learners Circle"
2951:Travellers and their Language
2436:. Maga Kernow. Archived from
2355:Wightman, Edith Mary (1985).
1307:most significantly (see also
826:Criticism of modern Celticism
509:"Nos ancêtres les Gaulois..."
6701:
5211:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
4904:General and cited references
4882:"The Art of Courtney Davies"
3207:"Cumbrian Welsh – an update"
2949:Kirk, J. & Ó Baoill, D.
2344:. Penguin Books. p. 53.
2317:. 4 May 2007. Archived from
2115:
1581:
1252:. The founder population of
1210:"The Genealogy of Goraidh".
840:particularly in relation to
650:Contemporary Celtic identity
594:was cultivated by the early
7:
6193:Welsh literature in English
6133:
5564:
5290:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
5201:
4670:Déchelette, Joseph (1914).
2606:Megaw, J. V. S & M. R.
2205:Koch, John T., ed. (2005).
2073:
1449:at Nuremberg, Germany, 2007
1215:hereditary haemochromatosis
1166:
697:which ignores these factors
666:groups' distinctiveness as
10:
7360:
6213:Scottish Gaelic literature
5598:Brigantia (ancient region)
5092:Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia
3742:"Celtic Music Instruments"
3720:"Celtic Music Instruments"
3141:"Gallaic Revival Movement"
2955:Queen's University Belfast
2810:Sheffield, University of.
2055:
1843:Children dancing around a
1636:
1606:
1600:
1412:
1406:
1272:
1170:
929:
773:are seen as being Celtic.
476:. Front row: Pedwr James,
461:
245:led to what archaeologist
174:, particularly within the
7291:
7234:
7228:
7223:
7161:
7132:
7115:
7078:
7000:
6991:
6963:
6935:
6907:
6894:
6847:
6812:
6786:
6707:
6696:
6583:
6560:Hebridean Celtic Festival
6497:
6399:
6378:
6347:
6262:
6221:
6188:Welsh-language literature
6143:
6139:
6128:
6090:
6004:
5921:
5908:
5778:
5737:
5676:
5572:
5559:
5548:
5385:
5354:
5288:
5209:
5196:
5163:
5007:. Oxford University Press
4997:. Oxford University Press
4931:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
4851:"Jim Fitzpatrick Gallery"
4824:Fitzpatrick, Jim (1978).
4548:Melhuish, Martin (1998).
4516:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
4491:Melhuish, Martin (1998).
4466:Melhuish, Martin (1998).
4438:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
4379:Melhuish, Martin (1998).
4364:Kruta, Venceslas (1991).
4174:Kruta, Venceslas (1991).
4077:"St Maughold's Feast Day"
3889:Melhuish, Martin (1998).
3544:10.1007/s00439-004-1117-7
3360:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
3241:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
3177:Moffat, Alistair (2001).
2868:. The Celtic League. 2010
2646:10.1017/S0003598X00083046
2257:10.1017/S0003598X00083046
1380:. There is a movement in
642:, and the revival of the
583:heritage was emphasised.
180:Irish War of Independence
76:) are a related group of
6993:Ancient Celtic languages
5032:The Celtic Consciousness
4697:Journal of Roman Studies
4645:Starmore, Alice (2010).
3842:"Welsh Music Foundation"
3164:. Reaktion Books, p. 118
2894:(in Irish and English).
2211:. ABC-Clio. p. xx.
2154:dictionary.cambridge.org
2052:Literature and mythology
2028:(1944), Scottish artist
1834:
1603:List of Celtic festivals
1402:
1386:Cape Breton Labour Party
1374:Fathers of Confederation
822:was a British atrocity.
725:Welsh Development Agency
552:Celtic language families
484:, Professor Paul Barbier
426:. The Latin name of the
7264:Gaulish words in French
7249:Celtic words in English
5508:Scottish New Zealanders
5398:Anglo-Celtic Australian
4990:(1992) "Introduction".
4196:Cremin, Aedeen (1992).
3692:Bempéchat, Paul-André,
3627:Kervella, Divi (2016).
3097:"Old Celtic Dictionary"
2975:"The Celts in Portugal"
2892:Celtic Congress website
2483:, editorial, 8 May 1990
2452:Ellis, Peter Berresford
2408:American Anthropologist
2340:Chadwick, Nora (1970).
2046:Nuada of the Silver Arm
1936:Eurovision Song Contest
1799:The Mask and the Mirror
1562:... the Celtic-rock of
1558:, the ambient music of
1506:Scottish Highland pipes
1397:Anglo-Celtic Australian
1189:A profound interest in
1128:was being attempted in
590:image of the Celt as a
432:Confoederatio Helvetica
6198:Early Irish literature
6079:
6067:
6055:
6043:
6031:
6019:
5488:Scotch-Irish Canadians
5483:Scotch-Irish Americans
5021:Les Écossais du Québec
4970:Karl, Raimund (2004).
3920:. 2008. Archived from
3915:"Wales – Land of Song"
3844:(in Welsh and English)
3822:(in Welsh and English)
3605:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800661
3160:Fischer, S. R. (2004)
2278:Karl, Raimund (2010).
2130:"History of the Celts"
2105:New religious movement
1987:
1926:toured the world with
1870:
1868:Fort Collins, Colorado
1852:
1797:'s million-selling CD
1791:Santiago de Compostela
1771:Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau
1598:
1543:, both from Scotland.
1500:from Irish influence.
1450:
1427:
1284:
1102:Kingdom of Strathclyde
927:
871:and probably earlier.
701:
659:
530:Before the advance of
525:Confœderatio Helvetica
505:Napoleon III of France
485:
278:Vincent and Ruth Megaw
7339:Ethnicity in politics
6825:Scottish independence
6570:Celtic Media Festival
6453:National music scenes
5684:Proto-Celtic religion
5386:Related ethnic groups
5110:Puirt a beul in Cliar
4826:The Book of Conquests
4738:Bain, George (1951).
4142:Sainte-anne-auray.net
4113:"Fete de la St -Yves"
3205:Lewis, Colin (2009).
2866:Celtic League website
1994:has been seen in the
1964:
1858:
1842:
1679:Celtic Media Festival
1637:Further information:
1589:
1444:
1423:Traditional Galician
1422:
1415:List of Celtic choirs
1413:Further information:
1282:
1213:The genetic disorder
1171:Further information:
1079:Old Celtic Dictionary
1045:/ Northern Portugal (
897:
678:
657:
638:, the revival of the
560:National Museum Wales
532:Indo-European studies
471:
462:Further information:
7149:(Medieval Welsh law)
6759:Scottish nationalism
6409:Ancient Celtic music
5729:Romano-Celtic temple
5538:Welsh New Zealanders
5463:Irish New Zealanders
5005:The Isles: a history
4886:Courtneydavisart.com
4580:on 20 February 2012.
4309:Sharp, Mark (1997).
3295:. pp. Chapter 3
2440:on 25 December 2008.
1862:: Irish dancers at
1717:and Grand Pardon of
1364:with Irish-speaking
1350:in Nova Scotia with
1334:with Welsh-speaking
1075:Atebivota Dictionary
1007:of Scottish Gaelic.
604:Lady Charlotte Guest
596:William Butler Yeats
501:Napoleon I of France
434:, harks back to the
241:Chapman's 1992 book
6839:Irish republicanism
6820:Breton independence
6799:Scottish devolution
6732:Cornish nationalism
6555:Pan Celtic Festival
6429:Scottish folk music
6183:Scottish literature
5709:Celtic Christianity
5513:Scottish Travellers
5498:Scottish Argentines
5342:Scottish Travellers
5118:(Kernewek, English)
5075:on 6 September 2006
4910:Koch, John (2006).
4334:Ross, Anne (1972).
4198:The Celts in Europe
4111:Bretons de Sydney.
4065:on 26 January 2012.
3879:, Routledge; p. 38.
3875:Shuker, Roy (2005)
3162:History of Language
3103:on 4 November 2012.
3070:(1). Archived from
3029:(1). Archived from
2988:(1). Archived from
2862:"The Celtic League"
2500:on 25 December 2010
2388:. Oxford. pp.
1827:Fire Dance" on the
1719:Sainte-Anne-d'Auray
1709:, Isle of Man – St
1695:Saint Patrick's Day
1687:Celtic Christianity
1219:lactase persistence
874:In 2003, Professor
869:Atlantic Bronze Age
812:Irish republicanism
786:, in his 2004 book
729:Scottish Parliament
715:was able to obtain
682:distinctly national
544:Brythonic languages
495:. The struggles of
345:Early Modern period
333:Early Modern period
6830:Welsh independence
6794:Cornish devolution
6715:Breton nationalism
6565:Celtic Connections
6168:Cornish literature
5518:Ulster Protestants
5503:Scottish Canadians
5493:Scottish Americans
5403:Anglo-Irish people
4880:Davies, Courtney.
4855:Jimfitzpatrick.com
4849:Fitzpatrick, Jim.
4764:on 4 February 2015
4117:Home.exetel.com.au
3799:Scottalarik.com.au
3469:Moffat, Alistair.
3077:on 6 February 2012
2841:Thefreelibrary.com
2763:on 2 November 2010
2736:Thefreelibrary.com
2562:on 4 February 2015
2321:on 5 February 2015
2095:Celtic Neopaganism
1988:
1908:together with the
1887:dance festival at
1871:
1853:
1703:Saint Andrew's Day
1599:
1451:
1432:Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
1428:
1356:Scottish Canadians
1348:Cape Breton Island
1285:
928:
686:proud people from
660:
486:
356:Continental Celtic
208:linguistic revival
196:Breton nationalist
172:ethnic nationalism
80:who share similar
7311:
7310:
7287:
7286:
7219:
7218:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7070:Cisalpine Gaulish
6890:
6889:
6776:national identity
6771:Welsh nationalism
6764:national identity
6744:Irish nationalism
6692:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6625:Cornish wrestling
6493:
6492:
6414:Breton Folk music
6379:Regional cultures
6222:National cultures
6208:Gaelic literature
6163:Breton literature
6124:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6116:
6115:
5904:
5903:
5816:Chief of the Name
5689:Celtic polytheism
5606:Sub-Roman Britain
5546:
5545:
5433:Irish Australians
5413:Cornish Americans
5372:Scottish diaspora
4935:. HarperCollins.
4656:978-0-486-47842-5
4059:"St Piran's Tide"
3820:"Dan Y Cownter 3"
3498:on 1 January 2015
3386:"Family Ancestry"
3346:on 15 April 2013.
3273:. 9 December 2017
3121:on 18 August 2013
3115:"Gallaic Revival"
2995:on 8 October 2012
2421:Romance Languages
2289:978-1-84217-410-4
2218:978-1-85109-440-0
2193:The Ancient Celts
2058:Celtic literature
1984:King Crimson
1947:Lord of the Dance
1864:St. Patrick's Day
1795:Loreena McKennitt
1707:Saint Piran's Day
1699:Saint David's Day
1546:The emergence of
1527:from Ireland and
1511:Unaccompanied or
1502:Charles le Goffic
1246:mitochondrial DNA
1016:Northern Portugal
808:American identity
719:funding from the
632:Irish nationalism
450:of France to the
428:Swiss Confederacy
92:populated by the
71:pronunciation of
16:(Redirected from
7351:
7329:Cultural regions
7304:
7225:
7224:
7117:
7116:
7099:Galwegian Gaelic
6998:
6997:
6896:
6895:
6804:Welsh devolution
6698:
6697:
6450:
6449:
6439:Sean-nós singing
6434:Welsh folk music
6424:Irish folk music
6391:Highland culture
6173:Irish literature
6153:Arthurian Legend
6141:
6140:
6130:
6129:
6082:
6070:
6058:
6046:
6034:
6022:
6002:
6001:
5993:
5992:
5970:Neo-Christianity
5910:
5909:
5841:Gaelic astrology
5801:Celtic festivals
5704:Celtic mythology
5677:Ancient religion
5594:Iron Age Britain
5561:
5560:
5554:
5533:Welsh Argentines
5473:Irish Uruguayans
5468:Irish Travellers
5438:Irish Brazilians
5428:Irish Argentines
5408:Breton Americans
5362:Cornish diaspora
5324:Irish Travellers
5198:
5197:
5190:Celtic languages
5146:
5139:
5132:
5123:
5122:
5088:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5074:
5068:. Archived from
5067:
5052:The Celtic Realm
5011:Dietler, Michael
4994:Celtic Mythology
4984:
4982:
4980:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4946:
4927:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4857:. Archived from
4846:
4840:
4839:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4787:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4763:
4757:. Archived from
4746:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4642:
4636:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4576:. Archived from
4570:
4564:
4563:
4545:
4532:
4531:
4518:The Sea Kingdoms
4513:
4507:
4506:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4440:The Sea Kingdoms
4435:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4361:
4350:
4349:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4193:
4180:
4179:
4171:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4144:. Archived from
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4061:. Archived from
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4010:. Archived from
4000:
3994:
3993:
3988:. Archived from
3982:
3976:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3949:. Archived from
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3919:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3886:
3880:
3873:
3867:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3770:. Archived from
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3716:
3710:
3703:
3697:
3690:
3684:
3679:Loffler, Marion
3677:
3671:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3583:
3577:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3443:. Archived from
3442:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3414:. Archived from
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3388:. Archived from
3382:
3376:
3375:
3362:The Sea Kingdoms
3357:
3348:
3347:
3342:. Archived from
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3243:The Sea Kingdoms
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3179:The Sea Kingdoms
3174:
3165:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3117:. Archived from
3111:
3105:
3104:
3099:. Archived from
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3020:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2994:
2979:
2970:
2964:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2787:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2759:. Archived from
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2707:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2640:(267): 175–181.
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2558:. Archived from
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2528:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2496:. Archived from
2490:
2484:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2430:
2424:
2419:Posner, Rebecca.
2417:
2411:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2251:(267): 175–181.
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2202:
2196:
2191:Barry Cunliffe,
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2172:Celticleague.net
2164:
2158:
2157:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2126:
2062:Celtic mythology
1996:Celtic jewellery
1971:
1902:The Floral Dance
1749:Coligny calendar
1525:Sean-nós singing
1336:Welsh Argentines
1326:the province of
1317:Cornish diaspora
1263:Shetland Islands
1142:north of England
1126:Cumbric language
1098:Cumbric language
989:Irish Travellers
640:Cornish language
612:James Macpherson
415:Gallia Aquitania
267:Celtic languages
252:
220:Celtic languages
184:Irish Free State
129:Celtic languages
82:Celtic languages
66:
61:
60:
57:
56:
53:
50:
47:
44:
21:
7359:
7358:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7307:
7283:
7230:
7215:
7157:
7153:Early Scots law
7142:Early Irish law
7128:
7103:
7080:Scottish Gaelic
7074:
7015:Proto-Brittonic
6987:
6983:Beurla Reagaird
6959:
6955:Scottish Gaelic
6931:
6903:
6886:
6882:Columba Project
6862:Celtic Congress
6843:
6808:
6782:
6703:
6684:
6645:Gaelic handball
6635:Gaelic football
6620:Cornish hurling
6579:
6489:
6448:
6395:
6374:
6360:Gaelic clothing
6343:
6258:
6217:
6178:Manx literature
6135:
6112:
6091:Other claimants
6086:
5991:
5941:Celtic Congress
5917:
5900:
5796:Celtic calendar
5774:
5733:
5672:
5568:
5555:
5542:
5528:Welsh Americans
5448:Irish Catholics
5443:Irish Canadians
5423:Irish Americans
5381:
5355:Celtic diaspora
5350:
5284:
5213:
5205:
5192:
5159:
5150:
5104:Dan Y Cownter 3
5086:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5065:
5061:
5048:
4978:
4976:
4960:
4958:
4943:
4924:
4906:
4901:
4900:
4890:
4888:
4878:
4874:
4864:
4862:
4847:
4843:
4836:
4828:. Paper Tiger.
4822:
4818:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4788:
4777:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4693:
4689:
4679:
4677:
4668:
4664:
4657:
4643:
4639:
4626:Journal of the
4623:
4619:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4589:
4585:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4560:
4546:
4535:
4528:
4514:
4510:
4503:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4436:
4429:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4377:
4373:
4362:
4353:
4346:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4307:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4285:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4263:
4259:
4249:
4247:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4225:
4219:
4215:
4208:
4194:
4183:
4172:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4109:
4105:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4042:
4040:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4017:
4015:
4014:on 4 March 2017
4008:Stdavidsday.org
4002:
4001:
3997:
3992:on 25 May 2010.
3984:
3983:
3979:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3927:on 16 July 2011
3924:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3901:
3887:
3883:
3874:
3870:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3793:Alarik, Scott.
3791:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3704:
3700:
3691:
3687:
3678:
3674:
3662:
3658:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3631:. Coop Breizh.
3625:
3621:
3584:
3580:
3571:
3567:
3527:
3523:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3450:on 4 March 2016
3447:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3418:on 17 July 2012
3410:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3392:on 11 July 2012
3384:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3358:
3351:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3253:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3209:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3175:
3168:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3036:on 24 June 2011
3033:
3018:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2977:
2971:
2967:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2896:Celtic Congress
2886:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2816:Sheffield.ac.uk
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2665:
2661:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2586:Flinders.edu.au
2582:"Vincent Megaw"
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2536:on 18 July 2013
2533:
2526:
2520:Metress, Seamus
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2449:
2445:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2418:
2414:
2401:
2397:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2353:
2349:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2276:
2272:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2138:. 7 April 2014.
2128:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2085:Celtic Congress
2076:
2064:
2056:Main articles:
2054:
2042:Irish mythology
2038:Jim Fitzpatrick
2026:Paul Jacobsthal
1969:
1959:
1957:Arts and crafts
1924:Michael Flatley
1860:Irish stepdance
1837:
1829:Parallel Dreams
1803:All Souls Night
1645:
1635:
1605:
1584:
1504:introduced the
1436:Paul Ladmirault
1417:
1411:
1405:
1366:Irish Canadians
1352:Scottish Gaelic
1277:
1271:
1200:Christian names
1187:
1169:
1086:Yan Tan Tethera
1039:Celtic Congress
1001:Beurla Reagaird
985:Celtic Congress
938:Celtic identity
934:
892:
842:Celtic identity
838:ethnic identity
828:
767:Gaelic football
761:Sports such as
652:
626:" (compare the
482:Théodore Botrel
480:, Léna Botrel,
474:Gwyneth Vaughan
466:
460:
398:. The names of
341:Frenchification
259:
250:
231:artistic styles
64:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7357:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7324:Celtic Revival
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7298:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7235:
7232:
7231:
7221:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7171:Gaelic warfare
7167:
7165:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7150:
7147:Cyfraith Hywel
7144:
7138:
7136:
7130:
7129:
7113:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7094:Deeside Gaelic
7091:
7085:
7083:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7067:
7065:Hispano-Celtic
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7020:Proto-Goidelic
7017:
7012:
7006:
7004:
6995:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6969:
6967:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6941:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6913:
6911:
6905:
6904:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6872:Celtic society
6869:
6867:Celtic Revival
6864:
6859:
6853:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6835:United Ireland
6832:
6827:
6822:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6778:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6711:
6709:
6705:
6704:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6680:Welsh handball
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6660:Highland games
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6593:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6536:
6527:
6518:
6503:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6456:
6454:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6405:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6386:Gaelic culture
6382:
6380:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6365:Highland dress
6362:
6357:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6329:Pictish stones
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6225:
6223:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6149:
6147:
6137:
6136:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6072:
6060:
6048:
6036:
6024:
6011:
6009:
5999:
5990:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5972:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5933:
5931:Celtic nations
5928:
5926:Celtic Revival
5922:
5919:
5918:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5699:Celtic Animism
5696:
5694:Celtic deities
5691:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5653:Cisalpine Gaul
5650:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5625:
5616:
5591:
5582:
5580:Gaelic Ireland
5576:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5557:
5556:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5478:Manx Americans
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5453:Irish Chileans
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5418:English people
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5377:Welsh diaspora
5374:
5369:
5367:Irish diaspora
5364:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5219:
5207:
5206:
5194:
5193:
5174:Celtic studies
5166:Celtic nations
5164:
5161:
5160:
5149:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5059:
5054:
5047:
5046:External links
5044:
5043:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5018:
5008:
5001:Davies, Norman
4998:
4992:Dictionary of
4985:
4967:
4947:
4941:
4928:
4922:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4872:
4841:
4834:
4816:
4802:
4775:
4753:
4730:
4709:10.2307/298471
4687:
4662:
4655:
4637:
4617:
4604:978-0615805290
4603:
4583:
4565:
4558:
4533:
4526:
4508:
4501:
4483:
4476:
4455:
4448:
4427:
4416:. Quinlan Road
4405:
4403:CD liner notes
4396:
4389:
4371:
4351:
4344:
4326:
4319:
4301:
4279:
4257:
4235:
4213:
4206:
4181:
4159:
4148:on 11 May 2015
4129:
4103:
4082:
4068:
4050:
4025:
3995:
3977:
3964:
3953:on 14 May 2010
3947:"Celtic Music"
3938:
3906:
3899:
3881:
3868:
3855:
3833:
3811:
3785:
3774:on 1 June 2011
3755:
3733:
3711:
3698:
3685:
3672:
3656:
3644:
3638:978-2843468179
3637:
3619:
3598:(2): 129–135.
3578:
3565:
3532:Human Genetics
3521:
3509:
3483:
3461:
3429:
3403:
3377:
3370:
3349:
3331:
3306:
3284:
3258:
3251:
3233:
3194:
3187:
3166:
3153:
3132:
3106:
3088:
3047:
3006:
2965:
2942:
2933:
2909:
2879:
2853:
2828:
2802:
2774:
2748:
2723:
2699:
2659:
2620:
2598:
2573:
2547:
2511:
2485:
2471:
2464:
2443:
2425:
2412:
2395:
2374:
2367:
2358:Gallia Belgica
2347:
2332:
2295:
2288:
2270:
2231:
2217:
2197:
2184:
2159:
2141:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2100:Celtic Revival
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2053:
2050:
1958:
1955:
1928:The Chieftains
1836:
1833:
1787:Croagh Patrick
1737:Máire MacNeill
1617:Mod (Scotland)
1601:Main article:
1590:Pipers at the
1583:
1580:
1533:waulking songs
1407:Main article:
1404:
1401:
1370:
1369:
1358:
1345:
1313:Welsh diaspora
1309:Irish American
1305:Irish diaspora
1273:Main article:
1270:
1267:
1244:, whereas the
1195:family history
1185:Welsh surnames
1168:
1165:
1071:Castro culture
1055:Tras-os-Montes
977:
976:
975:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
932:Celtic nations
930:Main article:
900:Celtic nations
891:
890:Celtic nations
888:
827:
824:
721:European Union
684:in ways which
651:
648:
628:stage Irishman
464:Celtic Revival
459:
456:
438:, the name of
409:Gallia Belgica
301:Celtic nations
258:
255:
247:Barry Cunliffe
200:Celtic nations
168:Celtic Revival
147:variants) and
101:Western Europe
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7356:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7319:
7303:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7290:
7280:
7279:– in Portugal
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7259:– in Galician
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7226:
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7097:
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6999:
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6994:
6990:
6984:
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6897:
6893:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6857:Celtic League
6855:
6854:
6852:
6850:
6849:Pan-Celticism
6846:
6840:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6769:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6733:
6730:
6726:
6725:reunification
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6706:
6699:
6695:
6681:
6678:
6676:
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6671:
6668:
6666:
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6656:
6653:
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6648:
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6407:
6406:
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6402:
6398:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6346:
6340:
6339:Triple spiral
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6261:
6255:
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6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
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6235:
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6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6158:Bardic Poetry
6156:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6131:
6127:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6081:
6076:
6073:
6069:
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6061:
6057:
6052:
6049:
6045:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:Celtic League
6003:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5946:Celtic League
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5936:Pan-Celticism
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5911:
5907:
5897:
5894:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5836:Gaelicisation
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5811:Celticisation
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5777:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
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5746:
5743:
5742:
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5736:
5730:
5727:
5725:
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5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5620:
5619:Iron Age Gaul
5617:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5602:Roman Britain
5599:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5562:
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5536:
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5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5458:Irish Mexican
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5334:
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5182:Celtic tribes
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4287:Jones, Mary.
4283:
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2155:
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2110:Pan-Celticism
2108:
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2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Celtic League
2088:
2086:
2083:
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2078:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:Claddagh ring
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1972:monograph on
1968:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:Carnegie Hall
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1847:as part of a
1846:
1841:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
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1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:, Cornwall –
1704:
1701:, Scotland –
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:Celtic nation
1688:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1653:Fleadh Cheoil
1650:
1647:The Scottish
1644:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:Fleadh Cheoil
1618:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1568:Rawlins Cross
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:psalm singing
1534:
1530:
1529:Kan ha diskan
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:Celtic choirs
1514:
1509:
1508:to Brittany.
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1475:, applied to
1474:
1473:roots revival
1470:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
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1398:
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1294:
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1289:United States
1281:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:Y chromosomes
1235:
1234:Faroe Islands
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1208:Sìol Ghoraidh
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
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1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:Scottish clan
1164:
1162:
1158:
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1131:
1127:
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1111:
1107:
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1099:
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1091:
1090:well dressing
1087:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:Celtic League
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
981:Celtic League
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
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843:
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821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:
799:
798:Celtic traits
795:
791:
790:
785:
784:James H. Webb
782:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
744:
741:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:Objective One
714:
710:
706:
700:
698:
694:
690:
689:
683:
677:
675:
674:
669:
665:
664:modern Celtic
656:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:Celtic fringe
621:
617:
616:Chateaubriand
613:
609:
608:Lady Llanover
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
577:
572:
571:Victorian era
568:
567:British Isles
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:Vercingetorix
494:
489:
483:
479:
478:Émile Hamonic
475:
470:
465:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:
411:
410:
406:hark back to
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:Anglicisation
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:Enlightenment
285:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
254:
248:
244:
238:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
216:Celtic League
213:
212:protectionism
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:Great Britain
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
95:
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87:
83:
79:
75:
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7296:Celts portal
7254:– in Spanish
7089:Arran Gaelic
7010:Proto-Celtic
6978:Bungi Creole
6877:Celtic unity
6813:Independence
6612:
6595:
6419:Gaelic music
6355:Celtic Dress
6304:High crosses
6294:Celtic cross
6272:Bell shrines
6203:Irish annals
5985:Neo-Druidism
5980:Celtic Wicca
5951:Celtic union
5915:Modern Celts
5914:
5806:Celtic women
5714:Celtic Rites
5663:Transylvania
5523:Ulster Scots
5393:Anglo-Celtic
5289:
5240:Celtiberians
5185:
5177:
5169:
5157:modern Celts
5156:
5077:. Retrieved
5070:the original
5038:
5031:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5004:
4991:
4988:Ellis, P. B.
4977:. Retrieved
4972:
4959:. Retrieved
4955:
4932:
4916:. ABC-CLIO.
4912:
4889:. Retrieved
4885:
4875:
4863:. Retrieved
4859:the original
4854:
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4819:
4807:. Retrieved
4792:
4766:. Retrieved
4759:the original
4740:
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4690:
4678:. Retrieved
4672:
4665:
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4608:. Retrieved
4593:
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4578:the original
4568:
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4486:
4467:
4439:
4418:. Retrieved
4408:
4399:
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4292:. Retrieved
4282:
4270:. Retrieved
4260:
4248:. Retrieved
4238:
4226:. Retrieved
4216:
4197:
4175:
4150:. Retrieved
4146:the original
4141:
4132:
4120:. Retrieved
4116:
4106:
4094:. Retrieved
4091:"Saint Yves"
4085:
4071:
4063:the original
4053:
4041:. Retrieved
4038:Scotland.org
4037:
4028:
4016:. Retrieved
4012:the original
4007:
3998:
3990:the original
3980:
3972:
3967:
3955:. Retrieved
3951:the original
3941:
3929:. Retrieved
3922:the original
3909:
3890:
3884:
3876:
3871:
3863:
3858:
3846:. Retrieved
3836:
3824:. Retrieved
3814:
3802:. Retrieved
3798:
3788:
3776:. Retrieved
3772:the original
3767:
3758:
3746:. Retrieved
3744:. Ceolas.org
3736:
3724:. Retrieved
3722:. Ceolas.org
3714:
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3568:
3538:(1): 19–28.
3535:
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3500:. Retrieved
3496:the original
3486:
3474:. Retrieved
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3445:the original
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3416:the original
3406:
3394:. Retrieved
3390:the original
3380:
3361:
3344:the original
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3319:Facebook.com
3318:
3309:
3297:. Retrieved
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3270:
3261:
3242:
3236:
3224:. Retrieved
3219:
3213:
3178:
3161:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3135:
3123:. Retrieved
3119:the original
3109:
3101:the original
3091:
3079:. Retrieved
3072:the original
3067:
3063:
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3031:the original
3026:
3022:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2990:the original
2985:
2981:
2968:
2950:
2945:
2936:
2924:. Retrieved
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2891:
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2865:
2856:
2844:. Retrieved
2840:
2831:
2819:. Retrieved
2815:
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2789:
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2761:the original
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2735:
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2676:. Retrieved
2672:
2662:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2560:the original
2550:
2538:. Retrieved
2531:the original
2514:
2502:. Retrieved
2498:the original
2488:
2480:The Guardian
2478:
2474:
2455:
2446:
2438:the original
2428:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2384:
2377:
2357:
2350:
2341:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:the original
2310:
2279:
2273:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2224:18 September
2222:. Retrieved
2207:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:Live Science
2133:
2124:
2080:Anglo-Celtic
2065:
2045:
2033:
2015:
2011:Aran jumpers
2008:
2002:produced in
1989:
1977:
1974:Celtic knots
1965:Inspired by
1917:
1910:mystery play
1878:
1872:
1821:David Caruso
1810:
1802:
1798:
1783:
1752:
1751:of the word
1730:
1727:
1723:
1721:Pilgrimage.
1684:
1676:
1646:
1639:Clootie well
1552:Celtic music
1545:
1521:Puirt a beul
1510:
1497:
1491:
1484:
1477:Celtic music
1466:
1465:singing (or
1462:
1452:
1447:Alan Stivell
1429:
1424:
1409:Celtic music
1393:Anglo-Celtic
1390:
1388:and others.
1371:
1362:Newfoundland
1339:
1321:
1286:
1242:Scandinavian
1231:
1212:
1188:
1154:
1146:Modern Welsh
1083:
1078:
1074:
1063:Celtiberians
1033:used by the
1028:
1009:
978:
935:
899:
883:
879:
873:
866:
862:
856:
852:
846:
841:
837:
831:
829:
820:Great Hunger
814:through the
807:
801:
797:
787:
775:
760:
755:
751:
747:
745:
737:
709:Celtic tiger
702:
696:
685:
681:
679:
671:
667:
663:
661:
644:Gaelic games
630:), but also
600:Lady Gregory
592:noble savage
585:
574:
564:
556:Edward Lhuyd
536:philologists
529:
524:
512:
508:
490:
487:
431:
413:
407:
367:
364:Celtiberians
351:
349:
337:Anglo-Celtic
296:
292:
286:
282:Raimund Karl
273:
271:
262:
260:
242:
239:
224:
204:World War II
178:, where the
165:
105:Edward Lhuyd
98:
72:
33:
31:
29:
18:Modern Celts
7211:Trimarcisia
7196:Gallóglaigh
7025:Celtiberian
6749:Isle of Man
6708:Nationalism
6597:Bataireacht
6516:Calan Gaeaf
6475:Isle of Man
6319:Leaf-crowns
6309:Insular art
6282:Dragonesque
6244:Isle of Man
6098:Nova Scotia
6051:Isle of Man
5975:Neopaganism
5724:Monasticism
5235:Caledonians
4793:Celtic Dawn
4294:11 December
4272:11 December
4250:11 December
4228:11 December
3502:31 December
3476:31 December
2902:20 February
2872:20 February
2790:Wales.ac.uk
2767:24 December
2410:96:584–605.
2030:George Bain
1990:Revival of
1943:Jean Butler
1920:step-dancer
1898:Furry Dance
1823:and "Huron
1781:in Welsh).
1763:Calan Gaeaf
1382:Cape Breton
1301:New Zealand
1181:Irish names
1114:Northumbria
1096:), and the
1031:litmus test
1003:that is an
967:Isle of Man
908:Isle of Man
876:John Collis
849:Simon James
803:Anglo-Saxon
794:Scots-Irish
581:Anglo-Saxon
517:Switzerland
386:, Northern
291:, the term
280:(1996) and
257:Definitions
113:Greco-Roman
78:ethnicities
32:The modern
7318:Categories
7274:– in Italy
7176:Ceathairne
7040:Gallaecian
6670:Road bowls
6575:Eisteddfod
6543:Calan Awst
6539:Lughnasadh
6145:Literature
6008:definition
5831:Clan chief
5623:Roman Gaul
5614:Hen Ogledd
5340:including
5322:including
4835:0905895134
4809:4 February
4803:0862436435
4768:4 February
4754:0094618305
4680:4 February
4420:14 January
3492:"Red-Head"
3454:8 December
3226:8 December
3081:31 October
3040:31 October
2999:16 January
2926:31 October
2716:4 February
2673:2.le.ac.uk
2613:4 February
2566:4 February
2325:5 February
1992:Celtic art
1979:Discipline
1951:Celtomania
1940:Riverdance
1913:Hal an Tow
1885:'Obby 'Oss
1880:Bel's Fire
1866:parade in
1759:Hallowe'en
1741:Calan Awst
1697:, Wales –
1672:Eisteddfod
1670:and Welsh
1666:, Cornish
1651:and Irish
1613:Eisteddfod
1607:See also:
1556:The Pogues
1541:lining out
1513:A cappella
1468:cerdd dant
1360:southeast
1354:-speaking
1338:(known as
1250:Icelanders
1150:Derbyshire
1130:Cumberland
1116:, Western
1110:Lancashire
1037:, and the
740:pan-Celtic
380:Portuguese
343:since the
331:since the
287:Since the
235:Celtic art
7206:Redshanks
7181:Ceithearn
6909:Brittonic
6901:Languages
6534:Calan Mai
6525:Gŵyl Fair
6499:Festivals
6314:Interlace
5738:Mythology
5646:Gallaecia
5260:Galatians
4956:Antiquity
4891:9 January
4865:9 January
4725:162583560
4610:1 January
4366:The Celts
4176:The Celts
4152:9 January
4043:9 January
4018:9 January
3804:9 January
3576:pp. 20–23
3422:22 August
3396:15 August
3324:9 January
3277:9 January
2846:9 January
2821:9 January
2795:9 January
2741:9 January
2678:9 January
2654:162732496
2634:Antiquity
2591:9 January
2540:12 August
2423:. Page 3.
2342:The Celts
2265:162732496
2245:Antiquity
2177:9 January
2116:Citations
2018:Hallstatt
1982:album of
1819:starring
1812:The Visit
1779:Calan Mai
1689:for each
1582:Festivals
1548:folk-rock
1463:penillion
1425:gaiteiros
1332:Patagonia
1297:Australia
1227:MC1R gene
1191:genealogy
1118:Yorkshire
1094:Halloween
1024:Cantabria
884:Antiquity
853:Antiquity
847:In 1998,
833:Antiquity
752:Festivals
693:Berkshire
688:Yorkshire
636:Gorseddau
513:Celticity
404:Aquitaine
396:Austrians
376:Galicians
372:Asturians
352:Celticity
274:the Celts
133:Brittonic
7191:Gaesatae
7082:dialects
7045:Lepontic
7035:Galatian
6937:Goidelic
6787:Autonomy
6702:Politics
6655:Rounders
6507:Calendar
6480:Scotland
6465:Cornwall
6460:Brittany
6348:Clothing
6299:Knotwork
6277:Brooches
6249:Scotland
6234:Cornwall
6229:Brittany
6108:Y Wladfa
6063:Scotland
6027:Cornwall
6015:Brittany
5866:Seanchaí
5861:Tanistry
5821:Derbfine
5750:Scottish
5641:Brittany
5637:Domnonée
5633:Armorica
5628:Britonia
5610:Dumnonia
5585:Dálriata
5270:Lepontii
5265:Helvetii
5250:Gallaeci
5079:6 August
5039:Folklore
4961:11 April
4633:46:43–64
3748:21 April
3726:22 April
3614:15815712
3592:Heredity
3552:15083358
2688:cite web
2454:(2005).
2074:See also
1732:Lughnasa
1711:Maughold
1664:Fest Noz
1629:Fest Noz
1572:Horslips
1492:uilleann
1489:, Irish
1457:and the
1341:Y Wladfa
1315:and the
1223:red hair
1167:Ancestry
1157:Auvergne
1059:Asturias
1020:Asturias
1005:acrolect
983:and the
972:Cornwall
957:Scotland
947:Brittany
924:Brittany
920:Cornwall
912:Scotland
898:The six
778:Virginia
731:and the
713:Cornwall
673:Guardian
668:national
588:romantic
540:Goidelic
521:Helvetii
448:Auvergne
446:and the
444:Gallaeci
436:Helvetii
424:Aquitani
422:and the
392:Belgians
388:Italians
323:and the
202:. After
192:Scottish
149:Goidelic
7244:Deities
7201:Hobelar
7163:Warfare
7126:Warfare
7060:Pictish
7055:Cumbric
7030:Gaulish
7002:Extinct
6922:Cornish
6720:history
6665:Hurling
6639:Ladies'
6630:Curling
6603:Camogie
6530:Beltane
6512:Samhain
6470:Ireland
6239:Ireland
6134:Culture
6103:England
6039:Ireland
5997:Nations
5896:Coinage
5886:Warfare
5779:Society
5770:Cornish
5760:British
5668:Galatia
5658:Balkans
5566:Studies
5303:Cornish
5298:Bretons
5275:Noricum
5230:Britons
5203:Peoples
5003:(1999)
4122:2 March
4096:2 March
3975:; p. 63
3560:6040039
2022:La Tene
1906:Helston
1893:maypole
1889:Padstow
1875:Beltane
1849:May Day
1845:maypole
1825:Beltane
1807:Samhain
1775:Beltane
1715:St-Yves
1660:Céilidh
1609:Céilidh
1498:bodhran
1481:bagpipe
1455:bagpipe
1254:Iceland
1106:Cumbria
1067:Celtici
1043:Galicia
1012:Galicia
952:Ireland
904:Ireland
781:Senator
763:hurling
705:Britain
548:Gaulish
442:to the
440:Galicia
400:Belgium
358:roots (
309:Cornish
305:Bretons
227:musical
141:Cornish
125:Ireland
86:regions
7239:Tribes
7186:Fianna
6973:Shelta
6917:Breton
6737:status
6675:Shinty
6650:Gouren
6614:Cnapan
6608:Cammag
6521:Imbolc
6444:Carnyx
6370:Tartan
6289:Carnyx
6056:Mannin
6032:Kernow
6020:Breizh
5890:Gaelic
5846:Fáinne
5791:Brehon
5765:Breton
5719:Druids
5573:Places
5280:Volcae
5225:Belgae
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1970:'s
1805:about
1767:Imbolc
1657:Gaelic
1631:, and
1625:Fleadh
1596:France
1564:Runrig
1486:binioù
1378:Gaelic
1328:Chubut
1293:Canada
1259:Orkney
1204:Runrig
1183:, and
1057:) and
993:Shelta
922:, and
857:Celtic
816:Fenian
771:shinty
733:Senedd
576:Viking
573:, the
452:Averni
420:Belgae
368:Celtic
319:, the
315:, the
311:, the
307:, the
297:Celtic
293:Celtic
194:, and
161:Gaelic
159:, and
143:, and
137:Breton
123:, and
117:France
109:Pezron
90:Europe
69:, see
7344:Celts
7229:Lists
7050:Noric
6965:Mixed
6945:Irish
6927:Welsh
6591:Bando
6584:Sport
6485:Wales
6401:Music
6334:Torcs
6324:Mazes
6254:Wales
6080:Cymru
6075:Wales
5958:Music
5881:Vates
5876:Túath
5826:Druid
5755:Welsh
5745:Irish
5336:Scots
5318:Irish
5313:Gaels
5308:Welsh
5255:Gauls
5245:Gaels
5216:Names
5188:
5180:
5172:
5153:Celts
5098:Music
5073:(PDF)
5066:(PDF)
5041:2006.
4762:(PDF)
4745:(PDF)
4721:S2CID
4713:JSTOR
3925:(PDF)
3918:(PDF)
3848:9 May
3826:9 May
3778:9 May
3574:Frøði
3556:S2CID
3448:(PDF)
3441:(PDF)
3299:7 May
3210:(PDF)
3075:(PDF)
3060:(PDF)
3034:(PDF)
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2261:S2CID
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1668:Troyl
1655:(and
1633:Troyl
1494:pipes
1403:Music
1206:song
1161:Gauls
1134:Welsh
1122:Devon
1051:Minho
1047:Douro
962:Wales
916:Wales
756:Dance
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493:Gauls
384:Swiss
360:Gauls
325:Welsh
321:Scots
313:Irish
303:(the
188:Welsh
153:Irish
145:Welsh
94:Celts
65:KELTS
34:Celts
7124:and
6950:Manx
6837:and
6068:Alba
6044:Éire
5963:Rock
5871:Sept
5851:Fili
5786:Bard
5589:Alba
5331:Manx
5155:and
5081:2007
4981:2010
4963:2010
4937:ISBN
4918:ISBN
4893:2018
4867:2018
4830:ISBN
4811:2015
4798:ISBN
4770:2015
4749:ISBN
4682:2015
4651:ISBN
4612:2015
4599:ISBN
4554:ISBN
4522:ISBN
4497:ISBN
4472:ISBN
4444:ISBN
4422:2012
4385:ISBN
4340:ISBN
4315:ISBN
4296:2011
4274:2011
4252:2011
4230:2011
4202:ISBN
4154:2018
4124:2012
4098:2012
4045:2018
4020:2018
3959:2010
3933:2010
3895:ISBN
3850:2010
3828:2010
3806:2018
3780:2010
3750:2012
3728:2012
3633:ISBN
3610:PMID
3548:PMID
3504:2014
3478:2014
3456:2014
3424:2012
3398:2012
3366:ISBN
3326:2018
3301:2010
3279:2018
3247:ISBN
3228:2010
3222:: 10
3215:Carn
3183:ISBN
3148:2013
3127:2013
3083:2008
3042:2008
3001:2011
2958:ISBN
2928:2008
2904:2010
2874:2010
2848:2018
2823:2018
2797:2018
2769:2009
2743:2018
2718:2015
2694:link
2680:2018
2615:2015
2593:2018
2568:2015
2542:2012
2506:2010
2460:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2327:2015
2284:ISBN
2226:2009
2213:ISBN
2179:2018
2060:and
2020:and
1967:Bain
1896:the
1831:CD.
1817:Jade
1677:The
1641:and
1570:and
1560:Enya
1535:and
1459:harp
1299:and
1261:and
1221:and
1193:and
1144:use
1138:Carn
1120:and
1077:and
1069:and
1053:and
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754:and
662:The
542:and
503:and
412:and
402:and
394:and
317:Manx
229:and
210:and
157:Manx
73:Celt
7134:Law
7122:Law
6264:Art
5856:Law
5025:N.B
4705:doi
3600:doi
3540:doi
3536:115
3220:144
2642:doi
2253:doi
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