1179:), a close companion of both the prophet and Ali. In the final standoff, according to this account, Fatima refused the mob entry into the house, after which an enraged Umar ignored Fatima's pleas and set the door on fire, pushing his way into the house. Upon Fatima's resistance, the account describes that Umar physically assaulted her with a sheathed sword. The mob soon overpowered Ali and dragged him away, striking Fatima again as she tried to prevent it. The account states that Fatima still carried the bruises from this raid when she died soon after. A slightly different version of the book also contains a reference to Fatima's miscarriage, according to Soufi.
991:
1291:, Fatima reminded the two visitors of Muhammad's words, "Fatima is part of me, and whoever angers her has angered me." The dying Fatima then told the two that they had indeed angered her and that she would soon take her complaint to God and His prophet, Muhammad. There are also Sunni reports that Fatima reconciled with Abu Bakr and Umar, though Madelung suggests that they were invented to address the negative implications of Fatima's anger.
707:
116:
1265:, Ibn Rustam (4/11 century) includes a tradition from Ja'far al-Sadiq on the authority of Abu Basir, a prolific transmitter of hadith and a close companion of the sixth Imam. The rest of the chain of transmission includes some of the most prominent Shia authorities, and this hadith is thus viewed as reliable. The content of the hadith is very similar to the account found in the
1247:), another prominent Twelver theologian. Therein, al-Mufid only mentions the Shia belief in the miscarriage of Muhsin without referring to Umar or listing any traditions to support this belief. Considering that al-Mufid writes about violence against Fatima elsewhere, Khetia suspects that he refrained in his
1149:, while some parts of the book might be more recent, such as its prediction of black banners arriving from the East before the collapse of the Umayyads. At the same time, such instances of anachronism have been viewed by the Shia as prophesies on the part of the prophet and the Shia Imams, notes Khetia.
1058:
Madelung is uncertain about the use of force. Still, he notes that there is evidence (in Sunni sources) that Fatima's house was searched. According to
Madelung, Ali later repeatedly said that he would have resisted (Abu Bakr) had there been forty men with him. Alternatively, Buehler suggests that the
1277:
Fatima died in 11/632, within six months of
Muhammad's death. She was about eighteen or twenty-seven at that time according to Shia and Sunni sources, respectively. The Sunni view is that Fatima died from grief after Muhammad's death. Shia Islam, however, holds that Fatima's injuries during the raid
1071:
Some Sunni authors record a fifth child of Fatima, named Muhsin. These include al-Baladhuri who maintains that Muhsin died in infancy. Al-Mas'udi and al-Ya'qubi also list Muhsin among the children of Fatima without alluding to miscarriage, though they have both been accused of Shia tendencies.
1218:
about the violent deaths of his family at the hands of
Muslims. For his daughter Fatima, the report mentions her miscarriage and death because of her injuries during a raid on her house. This tradition is reported on the authority of Hammad ibn Uthman, a well-known companion of al-Sadiq and a
895:, both companions of Muhammad, hastened to the gathering upon learning about it. After a heated session, in which a chief of the Ansar was likely beaten into submission by Umar, those gathered at Saqifa agreed on Abu Bakr as the new head of the community.
2786:
1029:) includes a tradition to the effect that Umar and his men first threatened to set Fatima's house on fire. Then they entered the house, despite her pleas, and forced Ali and his supporters out of the house. The remainder of the account in
1161:
is similar to (Sunni) historical sources, but the book also contains explicit details of an alleged raid led by an impatient Umar on Fatima's house after multiple failed attempts to subdue Ali. The account is narrated on the authority of
1050:. Al-Tabari notes that Abu Bakr regretted the events after Saqifa on his deathbed, writing that Abu Bakr wished he had "never opened Fatima's house to anything, even though they had locked it as a gesture of defiance."
2757:
885:) from this meeting suggests that the Ansar gathered to re-establish the control of the Ansar over their city Medina, under the belief that the Muhajirun would mostly return to Mecca after Muhammad's death.
2773:
2721:
1294:
Following her will, Ali buried Fatima secretly at night. As noted by al-Tabari, her dying wish was that Abu Bakr should not attend the funeral, and this request was fulfilled by Ali. Her exact
1063:
is of the view that the Shia allegations are based on facts, even if they have been exaggerated. Abbas writes that some well-regarded Sunni sources mention Umar's raid and Fatima's injuries.
1009:
It is uncertain what followed the above altercation at Fatima's house. Some Shia sources report that Fatima suffered injuries during a raid on her house led by Umar, including the canonical
1141:), is said to have confirmed the authenticity of the book. Nevertheless, there is no consensus among Shia theologians about the reliability of the whole book. After analyzing the text,
1222:
According to Khetia, this book contains the earliest reference to Fatima's miscarriage during Umar's raid. Alternatively, Soufi notes that a slightly different version of the
903:
The Saqifa event is said to have excluded
Muhammad's family, who were preparing to bury him, and most of the Muhajirun. To protest the appointment of Abu Bakr,
1285:. There are also some accounts that Abu Bakr and Umar visited Fatima on her deathbed to apologize, which Madelung considers self-incriminatory. As reported in
956:
the latter led an armed mob to Ali's residence and threatened to set the house on fire if Ali and his supporters would not pledge their allegiance to Abu Bakr.
1087:
Many of these sources also allege that Fatima miscarried in this raid her son Muhsin, whose name had been chosen by
Muhammad before his death, according to
2902:
Kassam, Zayn; Blomfield, Bridget (2015). "Remembering Fatima and Zaynab: Gender in
Perspective". In Daftary, Farhad; Sajoo, Amyn; Jiwa, Shainool (eds.).
970:
Alternatively, al-Baladhuri states that Ali capitulated and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr immediately after Umar's threat. In contrast, the canonical
788:. Controversy surrounds the fate of Muhsin as some canonical Shia sources report that Muhsin died in miscarriage, following a raid on her house led by
1281:
Some sources report that Fatima never reconciled with Abu Bakr and Umar, partly based on a tradition to this effect in the canonical Sunni collection
2974:
Constructive
Critics, Ḥadīth Literature, and the Articulation of Sunnī Islam: The Legacy of the Generation of Ibn Saʻd, Ibn Maʻīn, and Ibn Ḥanbal
3580:
2883:
Klemm, Verena (2005). "Image
Formation of an Islamic Legend: Fātima, the Daughter of the Prophet Muhammad". In Günther, Sebastian (ed.).
2544:
2565:
3056:
1130:, who might have been a close companion of Ali, is often rejected by Sunnis. On the other hand, when asked about it, the fifth Imam,
1018:
The allegations of violence are categorically rejected by Sunnis, though such claims appear in some Sunni historical sources: In his
2693:
2846:
942:
After the Saqifa affair, Abu Bakr reportedly tasked his ally Umar with securing Ali's pledge of allegiance. As noted by the Sunni
3759:
2960:
490:
1269:, except that it adds that Fatima lost Muhsin when she was struck by a client of Umar, named Qunfudh, rather than Umar himself.
963:
was disarmed and carried away. The mob, however, retreated without Ali's pledge after Fatima pleaded with them, as reported in
3002:
2403:
2338:
377:
2694:"May You Learn From Their Model: The Exemplary Father-Daughter Relationship of Mohammad and Fatima in South Asian Shiʿism"
2949:
2663:
2424:
1080:
Some Shia sources report that Fatima suffered injuries during a raid on her house led by Umar, including the canonical
1059:
allegations of violence should be treated with caution as they reflect the political agendas of the time. In contrast,
3025:
2981:
2911:
2892:
2811:
2746:
2682:
2640:
2619:
2586:
2554:
2533:
2510:
2487:
2466:
2447:
2378:
2357:
555:
3616:
3968:
774:
155:
3405:
3373:
737:
1251:
from controversial topics to render the book accessible to most
Twelvers without provoking the anger of Sunnis.
2651:
682:
3983:
3457:
3086:
3049:
426:
3585:
3570:
458:
918:(Muhammad's clan) and some of his companions gathered at Fatima's house. Among them were Muhammad's uncle
3766:
2576:
823:
505:
332:
3400:
3112:
1033:
describes that Ali was pulled out of his house by force and threatened with death, according to Khetia.
545:
3725:
3469:
3278:
3268:
3128:
2734:
2498:
2368:
1219:
mainstream Shia. As a result, this tradition is again viewed as authentic in
Twelver hadith circles.
919:
792:, a companion of Muhammad. Alternatively, Sunnis hold that Muhsin died in infancy of natural causes.
640:
352:
3973:
3451:
3196:
3139:
3042:
572:
372:
3611:
3575:
3445:
3226:
3216:
2435:
167:
2799:
2521:
2477:
1203:), a distinguished Twelver traditionist. The book includes a hadith ascribed to the sixth Imam,
3595:
3263:
3161:
1088:
621:
387:
2328:
3923:
3793:
3540:
3347:
3248:
2992:
2928:
2769:
2630:
1287:
1060:
965:
931:
616:
441:
225:
180:
2885:
Ideas, Images, and Methods of Portrayal: Insights into Classical Arabic Literature and Islam
3978:
3739:
3334:
3315:
3258:
3253:
3235:
3181:
1311:
8:
3998:
3988:
3938:
3928:
3856:
3851:
3487:
3378:
3211:
3153:
2395:
1145:
is of the view that the core of the text has been preserved and dates back to before 138
995:
930:
was the rightful successor to Muhammad, possibly referring to Muhammad's announcement at
866:
730:
626:
260:
160:
3166:
3013:
2838:
3887:
3693:
3492:
3390:
3352:
3320:
3243:
2871:
2632:
Religious authority and political thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to post-Khomeini
1237:
1215:
1204:
1163:
1142:
960:
923:
650:
607:
577:
560:
535:
480:
436:
148:
1046:) is known to have alluded to the violent arrest of Ali in a letter to him before the
3672:
3503:
3497:
3201:
3191:
3021:
2998:
2977:
2945:
2907:
2888:
2875:
2807:
2742:
2678:
2659:
2636:
2615:
2582:
2550:
2529:
2506:
2483:
2462:
2443:
2420:
2399:
2374:
2353:
2334:
1131:
814:. Muhsin can mean 'beneficent,' 'benefactor,' or 'one who does the act of helping.'
691:
655:
602:
515:
475:
337:
2825:
3846:
3718:
3658:
3632:
2863:
2708:
2607:
1295:
1146:
1047:
972:
874:
500:
495:
446:
431:
416:
325:
204:
1106:
Perhaps the earliest and most detailed Shia account of Umar's raid appears in the
3993:
3686:
3509:
3475:
3383:
3310:
3176:
3091:
2739:
Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopaedia of the Prophet of God
2503:
Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopaedia of the Prophet of God
2414:
2389:
1319:
1318:. He also draws a parallel between Muhsin and the infants killed at the order of
1315:
1127:
926:, according to Madelung. The protesters, including Fatima, held that her husband
754:
635:
451:
411:
400:
382:
285:
230:
143:
2932:
2597:
3679:
3514:
3395:
3300:
862:
781:
723:
595:
582:
540:
485:
99:
2867:
1447:
3962:
3872:
3750:
3732:
3700:
3295:
2922:
2712:
1082:
1036:
1011:
834:
806:
The name Muhsin, like those of his brothers Hasan and Husayn, comes from the
785:
660:
565:
525:
3933:
3897:
3665:
2821:
1314:
as a martyr, a "prototype of all holy innocents in Islam," in the words of
1193:
1003:
978:
904:
711:
667:
404:
136:
125:
3943:
3907:
3882:
915:
463:
421:
345:
85:
2652:"FATIMA (AL-ZAHRA') BINT MUHAMMAD (CA. 12 BEFORE HIJRA-1 1/CA. 610-632)"
3902:
3892:
3877:
3206:
3186:
3134:
990:
468:
1448:"Translation and Meaning of محسن in Almaany English Arabic Dictionary"
3841:
3519:
3481:
3463:
3107:
943:
878:
811:
367:
3831:
3565:
3421:
3065:
1226:
already refers to Fatima's miscarriage during the alleged attack.
888:
777:
677:
645:
359:
293:
74:
3560:
2546:
After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam
3836:
3786:
3777:
3555:
3524:
1278:
by Umar directly caused her miscarriage and death shortly after.
842:
510:
187:
2599:
Fatima as a Motif of Contention and Suffering in Islamic Sources
3826:
3649:
3621:
3590:
3550:
3545:
3433:
3368:
3273:
1839:
1837:
1323:
1299:
999:
934:. Ali is believed to have explained this position to Abu Bakr.
838:
807:
801:
766:
530:
520:
309:
277:
269:
254:
248:
132:
60:
2479:
Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the contemporary world
2268:
833:
In the immediate aftermath of Muhammad's death in 11/632, the
3821:
3626:
3342:
3171:
1672:
1327:
882:
870:
672:
550:
241:
199:
192:
115:
107:
2942:
Early Shi'i Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir
1920:
1918:
1834:
3427:
3034:
2854:
Kohlberg, Etan (2009). "From Imamiyya to Ithna-ashariyya".
2370:
No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam
892:
789:
301:
209:
2612:
The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate
3439:
2204:
2202:
2111:
2109:
2107:
1947:
1945:
1915:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1126:). The attribution of this collection of Shia hadiths to
927:
770:
54:
2330:
Shi'i Jurisprudence and Constitution: Revolution in Iran
2165:
2163:
1660:
1501:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
982:
relate that Ali pledged to Abu Bakr after Fatima died.
3018:
The Princeton encyclopedia of Islamic political thought
2258:
2256:
2219:
2217:
2126:
2124:
1905:
1903:
1854:
1852:
1798:
1752:
1750:
1583:
2856:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
2292:
2280:
2241:
2199:
2175:
2104:
2056:
2044:
2010:
2008:
1981:
1957:
1942:
1713:
1711:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1554:
1513:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
2304:
2160:
1993:
1774:
1735:
1595:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1530:
1491:
1489:
1474:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1359:
2904:
The Shi'i World: Pathways in Tradition and Modernity
2253:
2229:
2214:
2121:
2080:
2068:
2032:
2020:
1969:
1930:
1900:
1888:
1849:
1822:
1810:
1786:
1762:
1747:
1696:
1428:
2737:. In Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (eds.).
2501:. In Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (eds.).
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2187:
2148:
2136:
2092:
2005:
1876:
1864:
1723:
1708:
1684:
1626:
1607:
1542:
1390:
1340:
869:is that they met to decide on a new leader for the
1566:
1486:
1462:
1407:
2994:Horse of Karbala: Muslim Devotional Life in India
2350:The Prophet's Heir: The life of Ali ibn Abi Talib
16:Son of Fatima bint Muhammad and Ali ibn Abi Talib
3960:
2784:
2768:
2412:
1843:
1678:
1214:), in which the prophet was informed during the
2924:The Image of Fatima in Classical Muslim Thought
2901:
2274:
2820:
2656:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia
2419:(First ed.). Edinburgh University Press.
3050:
3020:. Princeton University Press. pp. 30–2.
2459:Parable and Politics in Early Islamic History
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731:
2416:Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam
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2755:
2567:Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam
1589:
1111:
1101:
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846:
3057:
3043:
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738:
724:
2836:
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2719:
2649:
1666:
3581:Muhammad's letters to the heads of state
2853:
2606:
2542:
2456:
2440:Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions
2115:
1924:
1804:
1654:
1524:
1507:
1480:
1094:
989:
817:
3011:
2990:
2958:
2732:
2519:
2326:
2310:
2193:
2142:
1870:
1434:
1384:
1157:Much of the post-Saqifa account in the
898:
3961:
2939:
2906:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 210.
2797:
2691:
2628:
2595:
2496:
2433:
2262:
2247:
2208:
2181:
2169:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1951:
1936:
1909:
1894:
1858:
1816:
1792:
1756:
1702:
1601:
1577:
1560:
1536:
1468:
1401:
1353:
994:The location of Fatima's house in the
937:
773:, and thus a maternal grandson of the
3038:
2971:
2920:
2882:
2672:
2574:
2563:
2475:
2387:
2366:
2347:
2298:
2286:
2235:
2223:
2154:
2130:
2098:
2086:
2014:
1999:
1882:
1828:
1780:
1768:
1741:
1729:
1717:
1690:
1635:
1620:
1548:
1495:
1422:
1305:
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2927:(PhD thesis). Princeton University.
2849:from the original on April 29, 2011.
2549:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
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31:
13:
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1272:
1229:
14:
4010:
3500:(Khadija's slave and Adopted son)
3014:"'Ali b. Abi Talib (ca. 599-661)"
2499:"ABU BAKR AL-SIDDIQ (C. 573-634)"
959:The scene soon grew violent, and
705:
114:
2806:. AltaMira Press. p. 137.
2602:(Thesis). Concordia University.
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2675:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
2658:. Routledge. pp. 248–50.
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877:, however, the absence of the
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3087:Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib
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2804:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
2785:Veccia Vaglieri, L. (2022b).
2701:Journal of Persianate Studies
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1310:Muhsin ibn Ali is mourned by
1172:
1066:
3586:Names and titles of Muhammad
3064:
2327:Boozari, Amirhassan (2011).
1679:Cortese & Calderini 2006
1242:
1209:
1198:
1168:
1136:
1075:
1024:
948:
909:
43:Muhsin ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib
7:
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2887:. Brill. pp. 181–208.
2824:; Afsaruddin, Asma (2021).
2733:Buehler, Arthur F. (2014).
2654:. In Meri, Josef W. (ed.).
2438:. In de-Gaia, Susan (ed.).
2275:Kassam & Blomfield 2015
289:("Stories of the Prophets")
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3939:Mosque with the two Qiblas
3401:Aqaba pledge of allegiance
2940:Lalani, Arzina R. (2000).
2837:Poonawala, Ismail (2011).
2720:Vaglieri, Veccia (2022a).
2650:Qutbuddin, Tahera (2006).
2505:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1–4.
2497:Walker, Adam Hani (2014).
2434:Fedele, Valentina (2018).
2320:
1236:This work was compiled by
821:
799:
765:, was the youngest son of
3916:
3865:
3814:
3807:
3776:
3749:
3726:Al-Muwahib al-Ladunniyyah
3710:
3648:
3641:
3604:
3533:
3414:
3406:Muhammad's visit to Ta'if
3361:
3333:
3288:
3279:Zayd ibn Haritha al-Kalbi
3269:Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad
3234:
3225:
3152:
3129:Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib
3121:
3100:
3079:
3072:
3012:Anthony, Sean W. (2013).
2997:. Palgrave Macmillan US.
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2677:. Yale University Press.
2543:Hazleton, Lesley (2009).
2352:. Yale University Press.
1326:accounts of the birth of
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81:
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47:
39:
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3452:Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib
3140:Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith
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2789:. In Bearman, P. (ed.).
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2442:. ABC-CLIO. p. 56.
2436:"FATIMA (605/15-632 CE)"
1102:Authenticity of the book
986:Attack on Fatima's house
824:Attack on Fatima's house
378:Medieval Islamic science
29:
3969:7th-century Arab people
3612:Possessions of Muhammad
3576:Family tree of Muhammad
3442:(son-in-law and cousin)
3217:Maymunah bint al-Harith
3113:Halima bint Abi Dhu'ayb
2991:Pinault, David (2016).
2959:Sajjadi, Sadeq (2022).
2830:Encyclopædia Britannica
2520:Glassé, Cyril (2001a).
2388:Campo, Juan E. (2009).
1121:book of Sulaym ibn Qays
795:
3596:Muhammad and the Bible
3571:Tala' al Badru 'Alayna
3482:Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas
3264:Ruqayyah bint Muhammad
3249:Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad
3162:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
2965:Encyclopaedia Islamica
2798:Glassé, Cyril (2001).
2791:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2778:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2762:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2726:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2692:Ruffle, Karen (2011).
2673:Momen, Moojan (1985).
2629:Mavani, Hamid (2013).
2596:Khetia, Vinay (2013).
2348:Abbas, Hassan (2021).
1006:
873:among themselves. For
780:. He was a brother of
388:Succession to Muhammad
3541:Muhammad in the Quran
3348:Splitting of the Moon
3207:Ramla bint Abi Sufyan
2575:Kelen, Betty (1975).
2564:Jafri, S.H.M (1979).
2391:Encyclopedia of Islam
2333:. Palgrave Mcmillan.
1844:Veccia Vaglieri 2022a
1288:al-Imama wa al-siyasa
1267:Kitab Sulaym ibn Qays
1224:Kitab Sulaym ibn Qays
1159:Kitab Sulaym ibn Qays
1108:Kitab Sulaym ibn Qays
1096:Kitab Sulaym ibn Qays
1031:al-Imama wa al-siyasa
993:
966:al-Imama wa al-siyasa
818:Historical background
3984:Child murder in Asia
3740:Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum
3446:Ja'far ibn Abi Talib
3316:Umm Kulthum bint Ali
3259:Zainab bint Muhammad
3254:Ibrahim ibn Muhammad
3197:Jawairia bint Harith
3182:Zaynab bint Khuzayma
2843:Encyclopædia Iranica
2822:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein
2476:Ernst, Carl (2003).
2367:Aslan, Reza (2011).
1312:Twelver Shia Muslims
899:Opposition to Saqifa
767:Fatima bint Muhammad
427:Association football
61:Fatima bint Muhammad
3929:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
3488:Abu Sufyan ibn Harb
3379:Farewell Pilgrimage
3212:Safiyya bint Huyayy
2839:"ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭāleb"
2787:"ʿAlī B. Abī Ṭālib"
2770:Veccia Vaglieri, L.
2396:Infobase Publishing
1302:remains uncertain.
938:Threats against Ali
914:) reports that the
867:conventional wisdom
759:مُحْسِن ٱبْن عَلِيّ
188:Profession of Faith
161:Day of Resurrection
32:مُحْسِن ٱبْن عَلِيّ
3888:Mina, Saudi Arabia
3794:Dala'il al-Khayrat
3493:Waraqah ibn Nawfal
3321:Umamah bint Zainab
3244:Qasim ibn Muhammad
2570:. London: Longman.
1306:Shia Commemoration
1020:al-Saqifa wa Fadak
1007:
922:and his companion
841:) gathered in the
3956:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3803:
3802:
3673:Sunan al-Tirmidhi
3504:Hassan ibn Thabit
3498:Zayd ibn Harithah
3329:
3328:
3202:Maria al-Qibtiyya
3192:Zaynab bint Jahsh
3148:
3147:
3004:978-1-137-04765-6
2735:"FATIMA (d. 632)"
2608:Madelung, Wilferd
2405:978-0-8160-5454-1
2340:978-0-230-11846-1
2301:, pp. 184–5.
2289:, pp. 103–4.
1927:, pp. 532–3.
1132:Muhammad al-Baqir
771:Ali ibn Abi Talib
748:
747:
91:
90:
86:House of Muhammad
55:Ali ibn Abi Talib
4006:
3812:
3811:
3787:Durod e Ibrahimi
3719:Sirat Ibn Hisham
3659:Sahih al-Bukhari
3646:
3645:
3633:Seal of Muhammad
3232:
3231:
3167:Sawda bint Zamʿa
3077:
3076:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3008:
2987:
2968:
2955:
2944:. I. B. Tauris.
2936:
2917:
2898:
2879:
2850:
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2794:
2781:
2765:
2752:
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2698:
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2539:
2516:
2493:
2472:
2453:
2430:
2409:
2384:
2373:. Random House.
2363:
2344:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2251:
2250:, pp. 25–6.
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2212:
2211:, pp. 35–6.
2206:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2184:, pp. 30–1.
2179:
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2158:
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2102:
2096:
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2084:
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2066:
2065:, pp. 75–6.
2060:
2054:
2053:, pp. 72–3.
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2003:
2002:, pp. 88–9.
1997:
1991:
1990:, pp. 67–8.
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1966:, pp. 66–7.
1961:
1955:
1954:, pp. 62–3.
1949:
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1783:, pp. 84–5.
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1590:Amir-Moezzi 2022
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1263:Dala'il al-imama
1256:Dala'il al-imama
1246:
1244:
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1200:
1192:was compiled by
1190:Kamil al-ziyarat
1184:Kamil al-ziyarat
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1048:Battle of Siffin
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996:Prophet's Mosque
973:Sahih al-Bukhari
952:
950:
913:
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871:Muslim community
860:
857:
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848:
761:), also spelled
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40:Other names
34:
33:
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3974:Children of Ali
3959:
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3957:
3948:
3924:Masjid al-Haram
3912:
3861:
3799:
3772:
3745:
3706:
3694:Sunan al-Nasa'i
3687:Sunan Abi Dawud
3637:
3600:
3529:
3510:Bilal ibn Rabah
3476:Abd al-Muttalib
3430:(father-in-law)
3424:(father-in-law)
3410:
3384:Farewell Sermon
3357:
3353:Isra and Mi'raj
3325:
3311:Zaynab bint Ali
3284:
3221:
3177:Hafsa bint Umar
3144:
3117:
3096:
3092:Amina bint Wahb
3068:
3063:
3028:
3005:
2984:
2952:
2914:
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2749:
2696:
2685:
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1273:Death of Fatima
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1249:Kitab al-Irshad
1245: 413/1022
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1234:
1231:Kitab al-Irshad
1208:
1205:Ja'far al-Sadiq
1197:
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287:Qisas al-Anbiya
236:
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35:
24:
17:
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3931:
3926:
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3914:
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3534:Related topics
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3517:
3515:Anas ibn Malik
3512:
3507:
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3408:
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3306:Muhsin ibn Ali
3303:
3301:Husayn ibn Ali
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3285:
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3261:
3256:
3251:
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3089:
3083:
3081:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3033:
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3009:
3003:
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2982:
2969:
2956:
2951:978-1860644344
2950:
2937:
2918:
2912:
2899:
2893:
2880:
2862:(3): 521–534.
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2834:
2818:
2812:
2795:
2782:
2766:
2758:"Ghadīr Khumm"
2753:
2747:
2730:
2717:
2689:
2683:
2670:
2665:978-0415966900
2664:
2647:
2641:
2626:
2620:
2604:
2593:
2587:
2572:
2561:
2555:
2540:
2534:
2517:
2511:
2494:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2454:
2448:
2431:
2426:978-0748617333
2425:
2410:
2404:
2385:
2379:
2364:
2358:
2345:
2339:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2279:
2277:, p. 212.
2267:
2252:
2240:
2238:, p. 102.
2228:
2226:, p. 103.
2213:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2172:, p. 117.
2159:
2147:
2135:
2133:, p. 122.
2120:
2103:
2091:
2089:, p. 104.
2079:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1941:
1929:
1914:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1848:
1833:
1831:, p. 100.
1821:
1809:
1807:, p. 217.
1797:
1785:
1773:
1771:, p. 214.
1761:
1746:
1734:
1722:
1707:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1669:, p. 249.
1667:Qutbuddin 2006
1659:
1640:
1625:
1606:
1604:, p. 116.
1594:
1582:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1512:
1500:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1439:
1427:
1406:
1389:
1387:, p. 186.
1358:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1307:
1304:
1274:
1271:
1258:
1253:
1233:
1228:
1212: 148/765
1201: 368/977
1186:
1181:
1154:
1151:
1139: 114/732
1103:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1055:
1052:
1044: 661–680
1022:, al-Jawhari (
1002:, present-day
987:
984:
939:
936:
900:
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830:
827:
822:Main article:
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751:Muhsin ibn Ali
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23:Muhsin ibn Ali
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3730:
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3701:Kitab al-Kafi
3698:
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3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3478:(grandfather)
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:Hasan ibn Ali
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:Grandchildren
3287:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3029:
3027:9780691134840
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2983:9789004133198
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2913:9780857729675
2909:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2894:9789047407263
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2813:9780759101890
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2748:9781610691772
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2684:9780853982005
2680:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2642:9780415624404
2638:
2635:. Routledge.
2634:
2633:
2627:
2623:
2621:0-521-64696-0
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2588:9780929093123
2584:
2581:. T. Nelson.
2580:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2556:9780385532099
2552:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2535:9780759101890
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2512:9781610691772
2508:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2489:9780807875803
2485:
2481:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2468:9780231521659
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2449:9781440848506
2445:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2380:9780812982442
2376:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2361:
2359:9780300252057
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2313:, p. 62.
2312:
2307:
2300:
2295:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2271:
2265:, p. 82.
2264:
2259:
2257:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2157:, p. 47.
2156:
2151:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2118:, p. 52.
2117:
2116:Madelung 1997
2112:
2110:
2108:
2101:, p. 33.
2100:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2077:, p. 77.
2076:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2047:
2041:, p. 72.
2040:
2035:
2029:, p. 71.
2028:
2023:
2017:, p. 89.
2016:
2011:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1978:, p. 67.
1977:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1939:, p. 62.
1938:
1933:
1926:
1925:Kohlberg 2009
1921:
1919:
1912:, p. 61.
1911:
1906:
1904:
1897:, p. 60.
1896:
1891:
1885:, p. 24.
1884:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1861:, p. 73.
1860:
1855:
1853:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1830:
1825:
1819:, p. 38.
1818:
1813:
1806:
1805:Hazleton 2009
1801:
1795:, p. 35.
1794:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1765:
1759:, p. 70.
1758:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1738:
1732:, p. 86.
1731:
1726:
1720:, p. 84.
1719:
1714:
1712:
1705:, p. 34.
1704:
1699:
1693:, p. 41.
1692:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1657:, p. 43.
1656:
1655:Madelung 1997
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1638:, p. 97.
1637:
1632:
1630:
1623:, p. 40.
1622:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1557:
1551:, p. 18.
1550:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1527:, p. 32.
1526:
1525:Madelung 1997
1521:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1508:Madelung 1997
1504:
1498:, p. 92.
1497:
1492:
1490:
1483:, p. 31.
1482:
1481:Madelung 1997
1477:
1470:
1465:
1450:. Almaany.com
1449:
1443:
1437:, p. 77.
1436:
1431:
1425:, p. 98.
1424:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1404:, p. 56.
1403:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1356:, p. 78.
1355:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1206:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1176: 32/653
1165:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1133:
1129:
1109:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:Kitab al-Kafi
1073:
1064:
1062:
1051:
1049:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:Kitab al-Kafi
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
983:
981:
980:
975:
974:
969:
967:
962:
958:
955:
945:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
906:
896:
894:
890:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
844:
840:
836:
825:
815:
813:
809:
803:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
776:
772:
768:
764:
756:
752:
741:
736:
734:
729:
727:
722:
721:
719:
718:
713:
703:
702:
701:
700:
693:
690:
689:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
674:
671:
669:
666:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
613:
612:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
592:
591:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
567:
564:
563:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
551:Proselytizing
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
460:
459:Denominations
457:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
406:
402:
397:
396:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
357:
355:
354:
350:
348:
347:
343:
342:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
327:
322:
321:
314:
312:
308:
306:
304:
300:
299:
295:
292:
290:
288:
284:
282:
280:
276:
274:
272:
268:
267:
263:
262:
257:
256:
251:
250:
246:
244:
243:
239:
238:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
219:
218:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
182:
177:
176:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
138:
134:
131:
130:
127:
122:
121:
117:
113:
112:
109:
106:
105:
101:
97:
96:
93:
87:
84:
80:
77:(grandfather)
76:
73:
69:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
27:
20:
3898:Mount Arafat
3792:
3785:
3765:
3758:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3666:Sahih Muslim
3664:
3657:
3436:(son-in-law)
3305:
3017:
2993:
2973:
2964:
2941:
2923:
2903:
2884:
2859:
2855:
2842:
2829:
2803:
2790:
2777:
2761:
2738:
2725:
2704:
2700:
2674:
2655:
2631:
2611:
2598:
2577:
2566:
2545:
2525:
2502:
2478:
2458:
2439:
2415:
2390:
2369:
2349:
2329:
2311:Pinault 2016
2306:
2294:
2282:
2270:
2243:
2231:
2194:Sajjadi 2022
2189:
2177:
2150:
2143:Anthony 2013
2138:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2034:
2022:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1932:
1890:
1878:
1871:Glassé 2001a
1866:
1824:
1812:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1737:
1725:
1698:
1686:
1681:, p. 8.
1674:
1662:
1597:
1585:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1503:
1476:
1471:, p. 3.
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1442:
1435:Boozari 2011
1430:
1385:Buehler 2014
1309:
1296:burial place
1293:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1158:
1156:
1107:
1105:
1095:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1057:
1054:Modern views
1034:
1030:
1019:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1004:Saudi Arabia
979:Sahih Muslim
977:
971:
964:
957:
954:
941:
932:Ghadir Khumm
905:al-Baladhuri
902:
887:
837:(natives of
832:
805:
762:
750:
749:
668:Islamophobia
447:Demographics
442:Circumcision
358:
351:
344:
310:
302:
286:
278:
270:
259:
253:
247:
240:
92:
3979:Infanticide
3944:Quba Mosque
3883:Jabal Thawr
3711:Books about
3374:Expeditions
3227:Descendants
2263:Khetia 2013
2248:Khetia 2013
2209:Khetia 2013
2182:Khetia 2013
2170:Mavani 2013
2075:Khetia 2013
2063:Khetia 2013
2051:Khetia 2013
2039:Khetia 2013
2027:Khetia 2013
1988:Khetia 2013
1976:Khetia 2013
1964:Khetia 2013
1952:Khetia 2013
1937:Khetia 2013
1910:Khetia 2013
1895:Khetia 2013
1859:Khetia 2013
1817:Khetia 2013
1793:Khetia 2013
1757:Khetia 2013
1703:Khetia 2013
1602:Mavani 2013
1578:Fedele 2018
1561:Khetia 2013
1537:Walker 2014
1469:Walker 2014
1402:Fedele 2018
1354:Khetia 2013
916:Banu Hashim
683:Laws of war
346:Ahl al-Bayt
231:Foundations
3999:632 births
3989:632 deaths
3963:Categories
3903:Green Dome
3893:Muzdalifah
3878:Mount Uhud
3187:Umm Salama
2299:Klemm 2005
2287:Abbas 2021
2236:Abbas 2021
2224:Abbas 2021
2155:Jafri 1979
2131:Aslan 2011
2099:Abbas 2021
2087:Abbas 2021
2015:Soufi 1997
2000:Soufi 1997
1883:Jafri 1979
1829:Abbas 2021
1781:Soufi 1997
1769:Soufi 1997
1742:Jafri 1979
1730:Soufi 1997
1718:Soufi 1997
1691:Jafri 1979
1636:Abbas 2021
1621:Jafri 1979
1549:Momen 1985
1496:Abbas 2021
1423:Abbas 2021
1334:References
1320:King Herod
1067:Sunni view
1027: 935
951: 923
912: 892
865:clan. The
536:Philosophy
273:(exegesis)
210:Pilgrimage
200:Almsgiving
3847:Abyssinia
3842:Jerusalem
3760:Ash-Shifa
3520:Umm Ayman
3464:Abu Lahab
3281:(Adopted)
3108:Thuwaybah
3073:Relatives
2976:. Brill.
2933:304390529
2876:155070530
2772:(2022a).
2707:: 12–29.
1316:Massignon
1143:Modarresi
1076:Shia view
944:al-Tabari
879:Muhajirun
861:) of the
856:courtyard
656:terrorism
608:Criticism
561:Sexuality
531:Mysticism
501:Festivals
481:Education
476:Economics
412:Academics
368:Caliphate
181:Practices
71:Relatives
3908:Al-Baqi'
3866:Symbolic
3566:Al-Burda
3484:(cousin)
3448:(cousin)
3422:Abu Bakr
3335:Miracles
3236:Children
3066:Muhammad
2929:ProQuest
2847:Archived
2800:"Fāṭima"
2774:"Fāṭima"
2722:"Fatima"
2610:(1997).
2522:"Fāṭima"
1238:al-Mufid
1194:al-Qummi
1037:Mu'awiya
889:Abu Bakr
875:Madelung
778:Muhammad
692:Glossary
678:Jihadism
651:Violence
646:Islamism
617:Muhammad
603:Apostasy
546:Politics
496:Feminism
491:Exorcism
452:Diaspora
437:Children
432:Calendar
360:Rashidun
338:Muhammad
333:Timeline
294:Mathnawi
156:Prophets
100:a series
98:Part of
75:Muhammad
63:(mother)
57:(father)
3917:Mosques
3837:Khaybar
3629:(Camel)
3525:Gabriel
3472:(uncle)
3466:(uncle)
3460:(uncle)
3454:(uncle)
3131:(Uncle)
3080:Parents
2961:"Fadak"
2321:Sources
1454:23 June
1322:in the
1261:In his
1171:
1115:
850:
573:Slavery
556:Science
511:Madrasa
506:Finance
417:Animals
405:society
401:Culture
373:Imamate
353:Sahabah
326:History
296:(Poems)
281:(creed)
205:Fasting
133:Oneness
126:Beliefs
48:Parents
3994:Fatima
3827:Medina
3815:Cities
3808:Places
3778:Durood
3650:Hadith
3622:Pulpit
3591:Hadith
3556:Durood
3546:Mawlid
3506:(poet)
3434:Uthman
3415:People
3362:Events
3274:Fatima
3024:
3001:
2980:
2948:
2931:
2910:
2891:
2874:
2810:
2745:
2681:
2662:
2639:
2618:
2585:
2553:
2532:
2509:
2486:
2465:
2446:
2423:
2402:
2377:
2356:
2337:
1324:Gospel
1300:Medina
1164:Salman
1153:Attack
1128:Sulaym
1000:Medina
961:Zubayr
924:Zubayr
863:Sa'ida
843:Saqifa
839:Medina
829:Saqifa
808:Arabic
802:Muhsin
782:Husayn
763:Mohsin
755:Arabic
627:Hadith
541:Poetry
521:Mosque
486:Ethics
311:Sharia
279:Aqidah
271:Tafsir
255:Hadith
249:Sunnah
193:Prayer
144:Angels
82:Family
3857:Tabuk
3852:Mutah
3832:Ta'if
3822:Mecca
3642:Books
3627:Qaswa
3561:Salam
3369:Hijra
3343:Quran
3172:Aisha
3154:Wives
2872:S2CID
2826:"Ali"
2697:(PDF)
1328:Jesus
1091:.
1089:Abbas
920:Abbas
883:Mecca
835:Ansar
812:Ḥ-S-N
810:root
786:Hasan
673:Jihad
622:Quran
583:Women
526:Music
464:Sunni
313:(law)
261:Sirah
242:Quran
226:Texts
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