395:
Basketball
Association, which was created in 1993 by Frank Kiyomura. Its mission statement is, "Our program was founded with a goal of providing a cultural exchange program for Fourth Generation Japanese-American youth from Southern California. We want to provide an opportunity for all participants to experience their heritage and cultural roots. In addition, we hope to provide a goodwill exchange of ideas and cultures by living with local Japanese families." Every year they give out scholarships to selected children from the Japanese American community and assemble both a boys' and girls' team together to send and play in a tournament in Japan.
89:
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was an image of Meiji Japan from 1870 through 1911, which contrasted sharply with the Japan that newer immigrants had more recently left. These differing attitudes, social values and associations with Japan were often incompatible with each other. In this context, the significant differences in life
338:
have an equal, if not higher, educational, economic and political status as their continental white counterparts, and also have a low immigration rate, as
Japanese immigration has declined since 1965. Also, intermarriage with non-Japanese became common in the Japanese American community in the 1960s.
394:
Different organizations were created within the
Japanese American community in order for the children of these Japanese American families to have a place where they could partake in different extracurricular activities, such as basketball, golf, baseball, etc. One such organization was the Yonsei
371:
generation considered its ethnicity to be less important than did previous generations of
Japanese-Americans. Cheryl Lynn Sullivan, an ethnic research who specializes in the Japanese-American community of California, wrote, "It is common in the Japanese American community not to consider yonsei
325:
differ from previous generations of
Japanese-Americans in that World War II and the internment camps which overshadowed the lives of previous generations are concepts unrelated to their daily existence. Due to a lack of obvious struggles or difficulties faced by previous generations of
366:
women in Hawai'i, this generation of
Japanese-Americans tends to assert their ethnicity in such "symbolic" ways as the celebration of holidays and ceremonies associated with Japan, eating ethnic foods, and the use of Japanese middle-names. The study noted that the
372:
Japanese
American -- they are 'just plain Americans.' This is especially true of children who are the offspring of Japanese American-Euro-American marriages." Others celebrate their ancestry in cultural exchanges based around youth and sports events, e.g.
339:
Intermarriage among
Japanese Americans was at approximately 50% by the 1970s, and at 70% in the 1990s. This cultural distance from the original homeland results in a "symbolic" expression of ethnicity seen in both the continental white and the Hawaiian
281:
meaning three generations away from the emigrants who had sailed to South
America at the turn of the century. From this perspective, the sons and daughters of these formerly stateless refugees would be
1751:
The
Influence of Family Structure on the Ethnic Identity: Development of Multiracial Japanese Americans: An Exploratory Study of Yonsei in Hawaii: A Project Based Upon an Independent Investigation
412:
Within Japanese-Canadian communities across Canada, distinct generational subgroups developed, each with different sociocultural referents, generational identity, and wartime experiences.
1823:: A Bibliography of Japanese Holdings, Including a Short List of Materials on the Japanese Internment & the U.S. Internal Security Act : a Subject, Title & Author Arrangement
1301:
1053:
Armbruster, Shirley. (1998-3-1). "Melding into the melting pot Third-generation Japanese-Americans who intermarry want their children to remember and honor their heritage",
306:
don't have to be actively involved in the creation of their group ethnic identity and they tend to dichotomize their American and Japanese heritage. As of 2008, the U.S.
1478:
2059:
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their parents, their grandparents, and their children are changing the way they look at themselves and their pattern of accommodation to the non-Japanese majority.
302:
While the Japanese Americans were the largest ethnic group in Hawai'i for more than sixty years (1900–1960), their numbers have decreased since then. The Hawaiian
2163:
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experiences and opportunities has done little to mitigate the gaps which separated generational perspectives amongst their children and grandchildren.
653:
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of Los Angeles, "Younger Japanese Americans are more culturally American than Japanese" and "other than some vestigial cultural affiliations, a
2309:
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generation may visit Japan, they tend to see this activity only as tourism. Japanese cultural structure is generally not present among the
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who were deported from Peru during World War II became naturalized American citizens; but they considered their naturalized children as
1011:
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The generation of people born in North America, Latin America, Australia, Hawaii, or any country outside Japan either to at least one
1323:
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567:
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1961:
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communities elsewhere in the world, these Britons do not conventionally parse their communities in generational terms as
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2009:
New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan.
1995:
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2616:
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839:"Socioeconomic Status, Acculturation, Discrimination, and Health of Japanese Americans: Generational Differences"
125:
1770:
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2432:
2425:
2420:
2390:
219:, numbering an estimate of more than 1.5 million (including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity). The
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2144:
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2752:
2321:
1558:
Ethnicity and Patterns of Affectionate Behavior: An Empirical Study of Sansei and Yonsei College-Age Students
1498:
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generation had been the subject of relatively few academic studies. Notable among the literature to date on
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2007:
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in 1897. Today, the four largest populations of Japanese and descendants of Japanese immigrants live in
2820:
2507:
2472:
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2027:
1840:
1729:
1299:"Queen of the Senate: Colleen Hanabusa of Wai‘anae has what most Hawai‘i politicians don't: character."
1029:
625:
611:
2713:
2524:
2495:
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2395:
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2013:
1611:
543:
297:
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Ethnic Identity of Sansei and Yonsei Japanese American High School Students in California and Hawaii
2543:
2437:
2407:
2385:
2216:
2122:
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of Hawai'i are one of the few U.S. ethnic groups that express their ethnicity in a "symbolic" way.
252:
1549:
Aoyagi-Stom, Caroline. "Yonsei Grandchildren of Nisei Vets Help Keep 'Go for Broke' Story Alive"]
2745:
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1846:
1669:
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1528:
1525:
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1344:
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Japanese Brazilians are a statistically significant component of that ethnic minority in that
2783:
2739:
2580:
1973:
1969:
A Discontented Diaspora: Japanese Brazilians and the Meanings of Ethnic Militancy, 1960-1980.
1206:
945:
1897:
Portraits of Literacy Across Families, Communities, and Schools: Intersections and Tensions.
65:
are the third generation, and their offspring are Yonsei. For the majority of Yonsei in the
2611:
2353:
2338:
2304:
2117:
2003:
737:
1320:
1286:
899:
8:
2348:
2282:
2272:
2098:
2089:
845:, 2004; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant# 12490011; retrieved 2012-12-24.
210:
50:
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and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
314:
is Carrie Takahata's 2002 poem "Making Yonsei", in which she compares and contrasts the
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887:
855:
673:
637:
424:
407:
271:
239:
66:
1479:"Democrat Jill Tokuda Announces Candidacy for Hawaiʻi's Second Congressional District"
1455:"Sencer-Mura, Samantha - Legislator Record - Minnesota Legislators Past & Present"
178:
is a term used in geographic areas outside Japan to specify the child of at least one
2326:
2316:
2201:
2037:
2017:
1977:
1957:
1921:
1905:
1885:
1850:
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1597:
1589:
1571:
1365:
1033:
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generation in Hawai'i can be compared to white Americans in the continental U.S. The
38:
2789:
1454:
1122:
932:
869:
757:
752:
648:
1781:
Being Japanese American: A JA Sourcebook for Nikkei, Happa -- & Their Friends.
458:(日系) encompasses all of the world's Japanese immigrants across generations. The
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2071:
1820:
1723:
1438:
1372:
1327:
1305:
1129:
1023:
876:
732:
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citizens of the United States, but the term's usage is flexible—describing both
2075:
1431:
1055:
727:
707:
702:
1928:
1568:
The Japanese Community in Pre-War Britain: From Integration to Disintegration.
496:
The generation of people born in Japan who later migrated to another country.
482:
2804:
1793:
1690:
1663:
920:
747:
668:
663:
658:
245:
224:
165:
113:
80:
are the subject of ongoing academic research in the United States and Japan.
46:
42:
1894:
Anderson, Jim, Maureen Kendrick, Theresa Rogers and Suzanne Smythe. (2005).
1535:
1520:
1403:
1354:
810:
717:
712:
688:
1653:
1560:
Thesis (M.A. thesis). Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles.
1914:
Hajdukowski-Ahmed, Maroussia, Nazilla Khanlou and Helene Moussa. (2008).
1698:
1685:
1627:
1605:
1579:
1561:
1499:"Local Japanese Americans applaud the Mariners' hiring of Don Wakamatsu,"
1221:
742:
722:
683:
88:
69:, their Issei ancestors emigrated from Japan between the 1880s and 1924.
1710:
1529:
Japanese American History: an A-to-Z reference from 1868 to the present,
227:
nation, comprising 12.95% of the Japanese Brazilian population in 1987.
1860:
Yonsei Grandchildren of Nisei Vets Help Keep 'Go for Broke' Story Alive
1842:
Contemporary Asian American Communities: Intersections and Divergences.
477:
244:
There are about 1.2 million people with Japanese ancestors in the
2159:
Summary of a panel discussion on changing Japanese American identities
1917:
Not Born a Refugee Woman: Contesting Identities, Rethinking Practices.
1753:. Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work OCLC: 48455290
783:
In Japanese counting, "one, two, three, four" is "ichi, ni, san, yon"—
2758:
1901:
1805:
1586:
Many Petals of the Lotus: Five Asian Buddhist Communities in Toronto.
1168:
Many Petals of the Lotus: Five Asian Buddhist Communities in Toronto,
129:
1722:
Takahata, Carrie. (2002). "Making Yonsei" in Okamura Jonathan (ed.)
1022:
Takahata, Carrie. (2002). "Making Yonsei" in Okamura Jonathan (ed.)
373:
2734:
2141:
1181:
286:
even as offspring of parents who would be otherwise categorized as
198:
more than one of his or her great-grandparents were born in Japan.
153:
145:
1389:"Ichiro vs. Lincecum a standoff, but pitcher relishes the battle,"
1123:"Into the Next Stage: Japanese American Newspapers: Over and Out?"
429:
Among the approximately 80,000 Peruvians of Japanese descent, the
2153:
2136:
161:
133:
2693:
1145:
571:
516:
169:
149:
137:
117:
109:
105:
62:
1416:"Pacific Perspectives: Rising Asian-American Pitching Talent,"
104:
The earliest organized group of Japanese emigrants settled in
2683:
2673:
2196:
888:
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Japan-Brazil Relations
501:
490:
216:
141:
58:
54:
182:(third generation) parent, who is the child of at least one
1719:. Vancouver : B.C. Learning Connection. OCLC: 40403168
1618:(Mankiller, Barbara Smith, ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
1196:(US). New Series, Vol. 65, No. 1 (Feb., 1963), pp. 152-156.
194:
person who emigrated from Japan. Typically, if a person is
157:
121:
2127:
1746:. Thesis (M.A.)--Portland State University. OCLC: 56637903
933:"A Yonsei's Reflections…on Unearthing My Family's Values,"
215:
Brazil is home to the largest Japanese population outside
2108:
1953:
Migrants and Identity in Japan and Brazil: The Nikkeijin.
1342:
Arakawa, Suzanne K. (2005). "Hongo, Garrett (Kaoru)," in
343:
groups. Outside of the continental white population, the
2113:
2103:
2094:
2085:
1725:
The Japanese American Contemporary Experience in Hawaii.
1025:
The Japanese American Contemporary Experience in Hawaii.
318:
generation with previous Hawaiian Japanese generations.
2026:
Masterson, Daniel M and Sayaka Funada-Classen. (2003).
2080:
2055:
1825:. Tacoma: Friends of Tacoma Community College Library.
798:
Nomura, Gail M. (1998). "Japanese American Women," in
290:
or "first generation" immigrants would also be called
186:(second generation), who is the child of at least one
1801:
Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction.
92:
The great-grandchildren of these Japanese-Brazilian (
1830:
A Yonsei from Hawai'i: Four Generations of Memories.
1543:
566:There are currently just over one hundred thousand
330:are sometimes called the "spoiled generation". The
1674:The Continuum Encyclopedia of American Literature.
591:In Britain, there are often only Issei and Nisei.
1877:Diaspora, Memory and Identity: A Search for Home.
2802:
1662:(M.S. thesis). Davis: University of California.
1188:Steveston Monogatari: Sekai no Naka no Nipponjin
1138:
2095:Japanese American Community and Cultural Center
21:
1616:The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History
1348:Continuum Encyclopedia of American Literature,
1006:
1004:
804:The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History
549:The generation of people born to at least one
534:The generation of people born to at least one
522:The generation of people born to at least one
30:
2179:
1668:Serafin, Steven and Alfred Bendixen. (2006).
1247:"Voices of Chicago: Day of Remembrance 2006,"
1049:
1047:
1045:
806:(Mankiller, Barbara Smith, ed.), pp. 288-290.
433:Japanese Peruvians are an expanding element.
2133:Photo Exhibit of Japanese American community
2109:Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project
1658:Reidun, Renée and H. Johansen-Khan. (1987).
1471:
1447:
868:National Association of Japanese Canadians:
601:Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States
1076:
1074:
1001:
989:
977:
2186:
2172:
1818:Tacoma Community College Library. (1972).
1784:Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press.
1444:(US). April 25, 2009, retrieved 2011-04-12
1227:
1159:
1042:
950:
848:
837:国立大学法人 東京学芸大学 (Tokyo Gakugei University),
76:is recognized in its social history. The
1082:Yonsei Japanese American Women in Hawai'i
362:generation. According to a 2006 study of
2128:Japanese-American's own companies in USA
2086:Japanese Cultural & Community Center
1839:Võ, Linda Trinh and Rick Bonus. (2002).
1071:
87:
49:, to specify the great-grandchildren of
41:term used in countries, particularly in
1636:Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
1084:quoted in Okamura, Jonathan Y. (2008).
963:. Temple University Press. p. 26.
956:
2803:
1588:Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1146:"Yonsei Basketball Association |"
605:
511:or one non-immigrant Japanese parent.
2167:
1366:A-Profiler Interview, Grant Imahara,"
824:American Buddhists in Social Context,
2104:Japanese American Historical Society
1744:Yonsei: A Fourth Generation Reflects
1634:Ethnicity and Inequality in Hawai'i.
631:
72:The character and uniqueness of the
1404:"How to Kick Silicon Valley’s Butt"
1207:"Nikkeis: La Memorial y el Futura,"
1086:Ethnicity and Inequality in Hawai'i
960:Ethnicity and Inequality in Hawai'i
903:Enciclopédia das Línguas no Brasil.
821:Numrich, Paul David. (2008). North
436:
201:
13:
1224:Japanese American National Museum.
415:
398:
270:experiences. Most of the interned
230:
14:
2837:
2081:Japanese American Citizens League
2056:Japanese American National Museum
2049:
2006:and Akemi Kikumura-Yano. (2002).
379:According to a 2011 columnist in
2195:
1742:Tsukuda, Patrick Takeo. (2004).
1556:Fujioka, Janine Midori. (1989).
1544:Bibliography and other resources
1950:De Carvalho, Daniella. (2002).
1749:Watanabe, Karin Junko. (2001).
1507:
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1424:
1408:
1397:
1381:
1359:
1336:
1314:
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1255:
1239:
1215:
1199:
1174:
1115:
1103:
1094:
1062:
1016:
938:
935:Discover Nikkei. June 13, 2007.
925:
126:Pan American Nikkei Association
2581:Federated States of Micronesia
2029:The Japanese in Latin America.
907:
892:
881:
862:
857:Japan-Mexico Foreign Relations
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815:
792:
777:
441:
1:
2753:The Japanese in Latin America
1632:Okamura, Jonathan Y. (2008).
957:Okamura, Jonathan Y. (2008).
854:Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
771:
391:is simply another American."
374:Yonsei Basketball Association
96:) immigrants would be called
57:). The children of Issei are
2034:University of Illinois Press
1828:Tanaka, Brandi-Ann. (2000).
1821:Issei, Nisei, Sansei, Yonsei
1184:Umi o Watatta Nippon no Mura
7:
1937:Portuguese language culture
1882:University of Toronto Press
1437:September 28, 2011, at the
1321:"Gina Hiraizumi Interview,"
594:
22:
10:
2842:
2826:Japanese words and phrases
1920:New York: Berghahn Books.
1730:University of Hawaii Press
1695:Ethnic America: A History.
1612:"Japanese American Women,"
1570:Richmond, Surrey: Curzon.
1030:University of Hawaii Press
875:February 18, 2009, at the
615:
612:List of Japanese Americans
609:
598:
445:
422:
405:
295:
237:
208:
83:
2816:Japanese-American history
2727:
2666:
2604:
2571:
2564:
2481:
2396:Japanese orphans in China
2378:
2265:
2237:
2230:
2209:
2123:Japanese American Network
2014:Stanford University Press
1966:Lesser, Jeffrey. (2007).
1715:Suzuki, David T. (1977).
1670:"Hongo, Garrett (Kaoru),"
1584:McLellan, Janet. (1999).
1165:McLellan, Janet. (1999).
298:Japanese American history
61:(the second generation).
31:
2204:and Japanese expatriates
2114:Japanese American Museum
1990:Spanish language culture
1758:English language culture
1610:Nomura, Gail M. (1998).
1553:(US). November 11, 2008.
1523:; Niiya, Brian. (1993).
1504:(US). November 20, 2008.
1135:(US). February 17, 2011.
1121:Johnson, George Toshio.
1100:Okamura. (2008). p. 151.
1068:Okamura. (2008). p. 126.
326:Japanese-Americans, the
2746:The Japanese and Europe
1847:Temple University Press
1798:Koskof, Ellen. (2005).
1311:(US). June 12, 2002>
1252:(US). October 31, 2006.
1212:No. 1619. May 19, 2000.
1194:American Anthropologist
1080:Ishikawa, Juri (2006).
931:Murakami-Tsuda, Vicky.
18:Japanese diasporic term
2777:Looking Like the Enemy
2060:JANM generational teas
1874:Agnew, Vijay. (2005).
1778:Asakawa, Gil. (2004).
1421:(US). August 17, 2010.
1333:(Japan). May 27, 2009.
1148:. yonseibasketball.org
919:February 10, 2020, at
190:parent. An Issei is a
101:
35:, "fourth generation")
2784:New Worlds, New Lives
2740:Foreign-born Japanese
2004:Hirabayashi, Lane Ryo
1974:Duke University Press
1717:Nisei, Sansei, Yonsei
1676:New York: Continuum.
1566:Itoh, Keiko. (2001).
1432:"Sophomore Surprise,"
1419:Baseball Daily Digest
1378:(US). March 13, 2007.
1245:Ikezoe-Halevi, Jean.
350:While members of the
91:
2811:Cultural generations
2468:United Arab Emirates
2364:By state and/or city
2118:San Jose, California
1430:Herbach, Alex Isao.
1285:Discovering Nikkei:
738:Samantha Sencer-Mura
622:adding missing items
258:refers generally to
2099:Southern California
2090:Northern California
1956:London: Routledge.
1551:The Pacific Citizen
1497:Eskenazi, Stuart.
1190:" by Kazuko Tsurumi
1186:by Masao Gamo and "
914:US Census data 2005
841:by Takashi Asakura
606:Notable individuals
574:; but unlike other
211:Japanese Brazilians
51:Japanese immigrants
2252:Dominican Republic
2147:2011-05-12 at the
2070:2019-02-16 at the
1693:, Thomas. (1981).
1371:2008-03-14 at the
1326:2012-02-11 at the
1304:2011-09-27 at the
1128:2012-11-06 at the
674:Brittany Ishibashi
638:Cary Joji Fukunaga
425:Japanese Peruvians
408:Japanese Canadians
240:Japanese Americans
102:
67:Western hemisphere
39:Japanese diasporic
2821:Japanese diaspora
2798:
2797:
2708:fourth generation
2688:second generation
2662:
2661:
2530:Sakhalin Japanese
2374:
2373:
2202:Japanese diaspora
2142:Nikkei Federation
2042:978-0-252-07144-7
2022:978-0-8047-4462-1
1982:978-0-8223-4081-2
1962:978-0-7007-1705-7
1926:978-1-84545-497-5
1910:978-0-8058-4859-5
1890:978-0-8020-9374-5
1855:978-1-56639-938-8
1814:978-0-415-96588-0
1790:978-1-880656-85-3
1414:Street, Michael.
1222:"What is Nikkei?"
1109:Ishikawa (2006).
970:978-1-59213-756-5
898:Doi, Elza Takeo.
788:Japanese numerals
768:
767:
557:
556:
460:collective memory
448:Japanese diaspora
272:Japanese-Peruvian
256:Japanese American
2833:
2728:Related articles
2718:fifth generation
2698:third generation
2649:Papua New Guinea
2591:Marshall Islands
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2300:British Columbia
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2065:Embassy of Japan
1836:(November 2000).
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819:
813:
796:
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758:Kristi Yamaguchi
753:Rachael Yamagata
649:Colleen Hanabusa
632:
626:reliable sources
568:British Japanese
474:
473:
437:Cultural profile
128:(PANA) includes
94:Nipo-brasileiros
36:
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2149:Wayback Machine
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1834:Skipping Stones
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1309:Honolulu Weekly
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2076:Washington, DC
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2050:External links
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1387:Stone, Larry.
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1707:9780465020744
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1686:OCLC 61478088
1683:
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1661:
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1650:9781592137565
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1628:OCLC 43338598
1625:
1624:9780618001828
1621:
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1606:OCLC 43521129
1603:
1602:9780802082251
1599:
1595:
1594:9780802044211
1591:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:OCLC 48937604
1577:
1576:9780700714872
1573:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1562:OCLC 21365787
1559:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1534:, p. 354, at
1533:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1519:, p. 288, at
1518:
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1502:Seattle Times
1500:
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1356:
1353:, p. 533, at
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808:
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669:Grant Imahara
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664:David Horvitz
662:
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659:Garrett Hongo
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47:Latin America
44:
43:North America
40:
26:
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16:
2782:
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2222:South Africa
2028:
2008:
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1711:OCLC 7306301
1694:
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1633:
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1557:
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1536:Google Books
1530:
1524:
1521:Google Books
1516:pp. 288-290.
1514:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1482:. Retrieved
1473:
1462:. Retrieved
1458:
1449:
1441:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1361:
1355:Google Books
1350:pp. 533-534.
1349:
1343:
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1308:
1293:
1287:Furutani bio
1281:
1269:
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1249:
1241:
1229:
1217:
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1201:
1193:
1187:
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1150:. Retrieved
1140:
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811:Google Books
805:
799:
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784:
779:
762:
718:Jolene Purdy
713:Alan Muraoka
689:Guy Kawasaki
618:dynamic list
588:
584:
581:
575:
570:, mostly in
565:
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2667:Generations
2644:New Zealand
2533: [
2520:Netherlands
2443:Philippines
2426:South Korea
2421:North Korea
2332:Mexico City
1699:Basic Books
1442:Rafu Shimpo
1331:J-Pop World
1133:Rafu Shimpo
944:Higashide,
743:Jill Tokuda
723:Lenn Sakata
684:Paul Kariya
531:Yonsei (四世)
442:Generations
2805:Categories
2678:immigrants
2573:Micronesia
2513:Düsseldorf
2012:Stanford:
1943:Brazilian
1728:Honolulu:
1697:New York:
1484:2023-01-03
1464:2023-02-28
1261:McLellan,
1233:McLellan,
1182:"Reviews:
1152:2014-09-23
1111:p.143-144.
1028:Honolulu:
900:"Japonês,"
772:References
616:This is a
610:See also:
599:See also:
546: (五世)
478:Generation
466:and older
202:Brazilian
2759:Japantown
2617:Melbourne
2612:Australia
2605:Elsewhere
2488:Belgium (
2453:Sri Lanka
2448:Singapore
2413:Indonesia
2403:Hong Kong
2354:Venezuela
2273:Argentina
2266:Elsewhere
2239:Caribbean
1996:Peruvian
1902:Routledge
1880:Toronto:
1867:Canadian
1806:Routledge
1771:Hawaiian
1764:American
1376:AArisings
1010:Okamura,
995:Okamura,
983:Okamura,
452:The term
416:Peruvian
399:Canadian
268:immigrant
251:The term
231:American
130:Argentina
2735:Dekasegi
2586:Kiribati
2490:Brussels
2458:Thailand
2433:Malaysia
2391:Shanghai
2339:Paraguay
2322:Colombia
2305:Montreal
2231:Americas
2145:Archived
2068:Archived
2032:Urbana:
1972:Durham:
1900:London:
1804:London:
1513:Nomura,
1435:Archived
1369:Archived
1324:Archived
1302:Archived
1210:Caretas.
1126:Archived
917:Archived
873:Archived
595:Politics
553:parent.
538:parent.
526:parent.
264:emigrant
192:Japanese
154:Paraguay
146:Colombia
2565:Oceania
2508:Germany
2473:Vietnam
2349:Uruguay
2310:Toronto
2278:Bolivia
2257:Jamaica
2137:Florida
1531:p. 354.
946:p. 222.
589:Sansei.
561:Yonsei,
462:of the
284:Yonsei,
279:Sansei,
196:Yonsei,
162:Uruguay
134:Bolivia
84:History
45:and in
2704:Yonsei
2694:Sansei
2638:France
2624:Hawaii
2554:London
2525:Russia
2496:France
2482:Europe
2463:Turkey
2417:Korea
2327:Mexico
2295:Canada
2283:Brazil
2210:Africa
2040:
2020:
1998:Yonsei
1980:
1960:
1945:Yonsei
1924:
1908:
1888:
1869:Yonsei
1853:
1812:
1788:
1773:Yonsei
1766:Yonsei
1736:
1705:
1691:Sowell
1680:
1648:
1640:
1622:
1600:
1592:
1574:
1273:Itoh,
1263:p. 68.
1235:p. 37.
1170:p. 36.
1090:p.144.
1036:
1012:p. 138
997:p. 142
985:p. 125
967:
843:et al.
826:p. 110
763:
585:Nisei,
582:Issei,
577:Nikkei
572:London
551:Yonsei
536:Sansei
517:Sansei
483:Cohort
455:Nikkei
431:Yonsei
418:Yonsei
401:Yonsei
385:Yonsei
369:yonsei
364:yonsei
360:yonsei
356:yonsei
352:sansei
345:yonsei
341:yonsei
336:yonsei
332:yonsei
328:yonsei
323:yonsei
316:yonsei
312:yonsei
308:yonsei
304:Yonsei
292:Nisei.
260:Yonsei
254:Yonsei
233:Yonsei
221:Yonsei
204:Yonsei
180:Sansei
176:Yonsei
170:Canada
164:, the
150:Mexico
138:Brazil
124:. The
118:Canada
112:, the
110:Brazil
106:Mexico
98:Yonsei
78:Yonsei
74:Yonsei
63:Sansei
24:Yonsei
2714:Gosei
2684:Nisei
2674:Issei
2596:Palau
2544:Spain
2537:]
2501:Paris
2438:Nepal
2408:India
2386:China
2317:Chile
2217:Egypt
1275:p. 7.
624:with
544:Gosei
524:Nisei
509:Issei
502:Nisei
491:Issei
468:Nisei
464:Issei
389:Gosei
288:Issei
275:Nisei
217:Japan
188:Issei
184:Nisei
142:Chile
59:Nisei
55:Issei
37:is a
2769:list
2379:Asia
2344:Peru
2247:Cuba
2038:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1978:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1886:ISBN
1851:ISBN
1810:ISBN
1786:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1703:ISBN
1678:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1034:ISBN
965:ISBN
870:PANA
559:The
519:(三世)
504:(二世)
493:(一世)
354:and
321:The
266:and
168:and
158:Peru
122:Peru
120:and
2135:in
2116:of
2097:of
2088:of
2074:in
1832:in
1672:in
1614:in
785:see
587:or
387:or
2807::
2535:zh
2058:;
2036:.
2016:.
1976:.
1904:.
1884:.
1849:.
1808:.
1792:;
1769:;
1732:.
1709:;
1701:.
1684:;
1652:;
1644:;
1626:;
1604:;
1596:;
1578:;
1457:.
1192:,
1088:,
1073:^
1044:^
1032:.
1003:^
376:.
248:.
172:.
160:,
156:,
152:,
148:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
116:,
32:四世
2492:)
2187:e
2180:t
2173:v
1487:.
1467:.
1155:.
1059:.
973:.
828:.
645:.
628:.
100:.
53:(
29:(
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