3190:
134:
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1653:
3714:
456:
generations reflect distinctly different attitudes to authority, gender, non-Japanese involvement, and religious belief and practice, and other matters. The age when individuals faced the wartime evacuation and internment is the single, most significant factor which explains these variations in their
762:
intervened exactly at a time when the group was of marrying age. Identification of them with the enemy by the
American public, made them unpopular and unlikely candidates for interracial marriage. Besides this, they were thrown, en masse, into concentration camps with others of the same ethnicity,
478:
was an image of Meiji Japan from 1870 through 1911, which contrasted sharply with the Japan that newer immigrants had more recently left. These differing attitudes, social values and associations with Japan were often incompatible with each other. In this context, the significant differences in
324:
The overwhelming majority of
Japanese Americans had reacted to the internment by acquiescing to the government's order, hoping to prove their loyalty as Americans. To them, Korematsu's opposition was treacherous to both his country and his community. Across the span of decades, he was seen as a
618:
In North
America, since the redress victory in 1988, a significant evolutionary change has occurred. The Nisei, their parents and their children are changing the way they look at themselves as individuals of Japanese descent in their respective nations of Canada, the United States and Mexico.
668:
Rituals are enactments of shared meanings, norms, and values; and this
Japanese rite of passage highlights a collective response among the Nisei to the conventional dilemmas of growing older. Aging is affecting the demographics of the Nisei. According to a 2011 columnist in
883:
Japanese and
Japanese Americans who were relocated during WWII were compensated for direct property losses in 1948. These payments were awarded to 82,210 Japanese Americans or their heirs at a cost of $ 1.6 billion; the program's final disbursement occurred in 1999.
773:
This is why third generation Sansei are mostly still of the same racial appearance as the Issei, who first immigrated to the U.S. The Sansei generation has widely intermarried in the post WWII years, with estimates of such unions at over 60 percent.
275:
was one of many young Nisei men who volunteered to fight in the nation's military when restrictions against
Japanese-American enlistment were removed in 1943. Inouye later went on to become a U.S. Senator from Hawaii after it achieved statehood.
915:
gave that long-awaited formal apology and the
Canadian government began to make good on a compensation package—including $ 21,000 to all surviving internees, and the re-instatement of Canadian citizenship to those who were deported to Japan.
590:
were educated in
Canadian or American school systems where they were taught Canadian or American national values as national citizens of those countries of individualism and citizenship. When these were taken away in the early 1940s, the
960:
who have earned some degree of public recognition has continued to increase over time; but the quiet lives of those whose names are known only to family and friends are no less important in understanding the broader narrative of the
803:
When the
Canadian and American governments interned West Coast Japanese citizens, Japanese American citizens, and Japanese Canadian citizens in 1942, neither distinguished between American/Canadian-born citizens of Japanese ancestry
1782:
872:, which provided for a formal apology and payments of $ 20,000 for each survivor. The legislation stated that government actions were based on "race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership". The
611:
attended university and college and entered various professions and white-collar employment after the war. This sharp division in post-war experiences and opportunities exacerbated the gaps between these
897:
893:
3189:
2458:
873:
636:
terms used centered from Japan to distinguish the distance from
Japanese nationality elsewhere in the world, these Britons do not conventionally parse their communities in generational terms as
579:
have become part of the general immigrant experience in the United States and Canada to become part of the greater "melting pot" of the United States and the "mosaic" of Canada. Some
375:
Within Japanese-Canadian communities across Canada, three distinct subgroups developed, each with different sociocultural referents, generational identity, and wartime experiences.
904:
to estimate the economic losses to Japanese Canadians resulting from property confiscations and loss of wages due to internment. On the basis of detailed records maintained by the
3564:
905:
854:
850:
1159:(1930–2016 ), Olympic gold medalist (1952, 1956) and silver medalist (1960) weightlifter and only lifter to have set world records in four different weightlifting classes
876:, appropriating an additional $ 400 million in order to ensure that all remaining internees received their $ 20,000 redress payments, was signed into law by President
2958:
607:
who had been employed in small businesses, in farming, in fishing or in semi-skilled occupations, tended to remain in blue-collar work. In contrast, the younger
3680:
3048:
4046:
583:
have resisted being absorbed into the majority society, largely because of their tendency to maintain Japanese interpersonal styles of relationships.
409:
Japanese Americans and Japanese Canadians have special names for each of their generations in North America. These are formed by combining one of the
3602:
1997:
Establishing Recognition of Past Injustices: Uses of Archival Records in Documenting the Experience of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War
2474:
1924:
673:
of Los Angeles, the obituaries showing the number of Japanese Americans in their 80s and 90s — Nisei, in a word — who are passing is staggering"
3826:
2304:
3075:
3768:
1374:(born 1977), musician, rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, graphic designer, manager and film composer. Member of the American band
3067:
3169:
2009:
940:
309:
explained, "In the long history of our country's constant search for justice, some names of ordinary citizens stand for millions of souls.
297:
was one of many Japanese-American citizens living on the West Coast who resisted internment during World War II. In 1944, Korematsu lost a
3984:
4107:
3702:
346:, estimated to number more than 1.5 million (including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity), more than that of the 1.2 million in the
1587:
3546:
925:
512:
The generation of people born in North America, South America, Australia, Hawaii, or any country outside Japan either to at least one
3551:
3531:
3119:
929:
832:
821:
2212:
305:, the highest civilian honor in the United States, was awarded to Korematsu in 1998. At the White House award ceremonies, President
2966:
1457:
623:
3043:
2371:
4170:
4165:
3880:
3536:
2333:
1462:
1216:
2714:
2084:
1822:
3816:
3710:
2274:
2039:
1968:
1853:
1810:
1798:
1754:
1718:
3659:
3505:
2933:
2820:
2804:
2784:
2764:
2748:
2728:
2708:
2689:
1873:
1678:
1542:
4150:
2796:
2169:
4327:
3664:
3510:
3463:
3136:
4029:
693:
parents, Japanese school, and living in a Japanese community or in the internment camps. A majority of English-speaking
421:世). The Japanese-American and Japanese-Canadian communities have themselves distinguished their members with terms like
4337:
4036:
1497:
1021:
298:
3804:
2291:
2068:
685:
learned Japanese as their mother tongue, and their success in learning English as a second language was varied. Most
4089:
4051:
3848:
3644:
2910:
2887:
2864:
2841:
2258:
1981:
1502:
1487:
1182:
843:
536:
2571:
1955:
1732:
3634:
3609:
3515:
798:
759:
479:
post-war experiences and opportunities did nothing to mitigate the gaps which separated generational perspectives.
203:
149:
Although the earliest organized group of Japanese emigrants left Japan centuries ago, and a later group settled in
4133:
4102:
3929:
3794:
3773:
3738:
3695:
3649:
3541:
1537:
970:
551:
215:
1996:
4065:
4006:
3974:
3949:
3942:
3937:
3907:
3597:
2626:
2055:
1517:
1338:
4285:
3084:
4347:
4342:
4269:
3838:
3592:
3112:
302:
1203:(1923–2019), became the first player of Asian descent and the first non-Caucasian to play in the NBA in 1947
4112:
4070:
3969:
3964:
3919:
3624:
3260:
2776:
2701:
1492:
846:
actively began demanding be taken as redress for harms endured by Japanese Americans during World War II.
794:
660:(還暦), a traditional, pre-modern Japanese rite of passage to old age at 60, was sometimes celebrated by the
595:
confronted great difficulty in accepting or coming to terms with internment and forced resettlement. Older
2243:
770:
criminalizing interracial marriage, cohabitation, and sex were in effect in many U.S. states until 1967.
4017:
3959:
3669:
3629:
3614:
3569:
2740:
2023:
1766:
1297:(born 1982) Olympic gold (2002, 2006), silver (2002, 2010), and bronze (2006, 2010) medalist speed skater
869:
434:
314:
81:
2675:
1941:
4332:
4220:
4024:
3989:
3688:
3619:
3497:
1527:
1405:
1029:
951:
133:
1999:. Roberts-Moore, Judith. Archivaria: The Journal of the Association of Canadian Archivists, 53 (2002).
4230:
4041:
4012:
3979:
3912:
3755:
3639:
3556:
3468:
3384:
3034:
2834:
Just Americans: How Japanese Americans Won a War at Home and Abroad: The Story of the 100th Battalion
2734:
2681:
783:
3072:
2308:
301:
challenge to the wartime internment of Japanese Americans but gained vindication decades later. The
4060:
3954:
3924:
3902:
3733:
3327:
3105:
3021:
2926:
Go for Broke: The Nisei Warriors of World War II Who Conquered Germany, Japan, and American Bigotry
2905:. Peace and Freedom Trail, France (ed.). Translator: David Guinsbourg. Vagney, France: G. Louis.
1334:
861:
condemned the internment as "unjust and motivated by racism rather than real military necessity".
4262:
4160:
1885:
767:
2812:
Growing Up Nisei: Race, Generation, and Culture Among Japanese Americans of California, 1924–49.
4293:
1623:
1606:
1342:
1025:
4280:
1654:"Selected Population Profile in the United States; Japanese alone or in any combination," 2005
4300:
4256:
4097:
3475:
3437:
3307:
3299:
2810:
2790:
2695:
2607:
2557:
2523:
2510:
2494:
2445:
2429:
2196:
2153:
2137:
2121:
2105:
1477:
1127:
2880:
Nisei Linguists: Japanese Americans in the Military Intelligence Service During World War II
1414:(born 1937), actor and gay rights activist best known for his role in the television series
4128:
3870:
3855:
3821:
3447:
3412:
3374:
3228:
3198:
3016:
2398:
1172:
751:
211:
202:, however, who were living in the western United States during World War II, were forcibly
153:
in 1897, the four largest populations of Japanese immigrants and their descendants live in
8:
3865:
3799:
3789:
3574:
3427:
3397:
3349:
3339:
3317:
3284:
3277:
3267:
3211:
3206:
2997:
2988:
2671:
2621:
2589:
2209:
1482:
1258:
1234:
337:
24:
2792:
Rising Sons: The Japanese American GIs Who Fought for the United States in World War II.
2536:
2350:
1153:(born 1933), Olympic gold medalist (1952, 1952) and silver medalist (1952, 1956) swimmer
1024:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
4140:
3875:
3860:
3811:
3654:
3480:
3402:
3344:
3334:
3272:
3248:
3243:
3216:
2963:
2770:
2375:
2355:
2245:
Rising Sons: The Japanese American GIs Who Fought for the United States in World War II
1911:
1640:
1561:
1507:
1109:
900:) mounted a campaign demanding redress for injustices during the war years. NAJC hired
387:
370:
238:
feel caught in a dilemma between their Nisei parents and other Americans. The Nisei of
227:
181:
2330:
701:
speak English as their first language and most marry people of non-Japanese ancestry.
3843:
3833:
3718:
3432:
3422:
3392:
3354:
3312:
3289:
3223:
2937:
2929:
2914:
2906:
2891:
2883:
2868:
2860:
2845:
2837:
2816:
2800:
2780:
2760:
2754:
2744:
2724:
2704:
2685:
2177:
2081:
1574:
1512:
1353:
1138:
877:
755:
697:
have retained knowledge of the Japanese language, at least in its spoken form. Most
632:
467:
462:
122:
114:
106:
51:
4306:
2903:
U.S. Samuraïs in Bruyeres: People of France and Japanese Americans: Incredible Story
2772:
Americanization, Acculturation, and Ethnic Identity: The Nisei Generation in Hawaii.
567:
The second generation of immigrants, born in Canada or the United States to parents
3369:
3359:
3322:
3255:
3174:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3092:
2655:
2271:
2036:
1850:
1438:(1912–1986), architect best known for the New York World Trade Center "Twin Towers"
1399:
1359:
1294:
1270:
1264:
1252:
1206:
1162:
1132:
1123:
1079:
1060:
1054:
901:
410:
908:, it was determined that the total loss totalled $ 443 million (in 1986 dollars).
3763:
3417:
3407:
3364:
3238:
3233:
3179:
3164:
3128:
3086:"The War Relocation Centers of World War II: When Fear Was Stronger than Justice"
3079:
3038:
2970:
2403:
2337:
2278:
2216:
2173:
2088:
2043:
1857:
1736:
1522:
1435:
1429:
1188:
1097:
118:
504:
The generation of people born in Japan who later immigrated to another country.
466:(日系) encompasses all of the world's Japanese immigrants across generations. The
117:, occurring in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and overlapping with the
3442:
2974:
2166:
1592:
1532:
1472:
1467:
1420:
1306:
1288:
1228:
1197:(1931–2022), former Congressman from California and Secretary of Transportation
1144:
1088:(1916–1943), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II recipient in World War II
1085:
912:
254:
2716:
The Japanese Community in Pre-War Britain: From Integration to Disintegration.
1396:(born 1936), Canadian academic, science broadcaster and environmental activist
490:
4321:
1660:
1365:
1282:
1276:
1200:
1194:
1103:
1066:
1010:
865:
355:
347:
250:
166:
66:
children born in the new country to Japanese-born immigrants (who are called
59:
55:
2229:
2082:"Son of conservative Japanese a star in Brazil's new leftist administration"
1175:
aircrew member to fly combat missions in the Pacific theater in World War II
113:
means "second-generation immigrant", it often refers to the children of the
1411:
1393:
1371:
1330:
1318:
1312:
1246:
1240:
1178:
1036:
310:
306:
191:
3088:, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
2941:
2849:
1243:(1993– ), U.S. Figure Skating champion in 2008 and Olympic bronze medalist
321:... to that distinguished list, today we add the name of Fred Korematsu."
2918:
2895:
2575:
1729:
1441:
1384:
1375:
1347:
1091:
1042:
808:) and their parents, born in Japan but now living in the U.S. or Canada (
354:
Japanese Brazilians are an important part of the ethnic minority in that
2872:
1834:
1379:
1300:
1222:
1212:
1168:
1156:
1150:
1135:(1924–2012), Senator from Hawaii, Medal of Honor recipient World War II
1048:
485:
414:
318:
219:
3068:
Summary of a panel discussion on changing Japanese American identities
3044:
Online Archive of the Japanese American Relocation during World War II
4275:
3485:
2857:
Yankee Samurai: The Secret Role of Nisei in America's Pacific Victory
2736:
Many Petals of the Lotus: Five Asian Buddhist Communities in Toronto.
2720:
2351:"Pat Morita, 73, Actor Known for 'Karate Kid' and 'Happy Days,' Dies"
1680:
Many Petals of the Lotus: Five Asian Buddhist Communities in Toronto,
1119:
1115:
974:
195:
63:
437:
and third generation of immigrants. The fourth generation is called
4251:
3057:
2756:
Dachau, Holocaust, and US Samurais: Nisei Soldiers First in Dachau?
1693:
1074:
1070:
998:
990:
880:, who also issued another formal apology from the U.S. government.
98:
are Japanese for "one, two, three", and are the ordinals used with
3097:
1898:
1851:"Into the Next Stage: Japanese American Newspapers: Over and Out?"
392:
Among the approximately 80,000 Peruvians of Japanese descent, the
3062:
3052:
2459:"George Nakashima Is Dead at 85; Designer and Master Woodworker,"
1324:
1006:
978:
656:
214:
was promulgated to exclude everyone of Japanese descent from the
84:
and the grandchildren of the Japanese-born immigrants are called
4210:
1014:
994:
982:
969:
from North America, the Latin American member countries of the
709:
An illustrative point-of-view, as revealed in the poetry of an
627:
521:
239:
231:
223:
158:
154:
150:
87:
2574:. Chicago Japanese American Historical Society. Archived from
2011:
Sutebusuton: A Japanese Village on the British Columbia Coast,
4190:
3713:
986:
498:
343:
342:
Brazil is home to the largest Japanese population outside of
325:
traitor, a test case, an embarrassment and, finally, a hero.
69:
1925:
FDR Called Them Concentration Camps: Why Terminology Matters
965:
Although the names highlighted here are over-represented by
851:
Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
754:
during the Nisei generation, partly because the war and the
2928:. Clearfield, Utah: Utah American Legacy Historical Press.
1708:(US). New Series, Vol. 65, No. 1 (Feb., 1963), pp. 152–156.
1002:
603:
sharing similar economic and social characteristics. Older
162:
3031:
3026:
1575:"Identity Crisis of the Sansei and the Concentration Camp"
1447:
George Yoshia (born 1922), California musician and teacher
1215:(1932–2005), television and movie actor nominated for the
3007:
3012:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2622:"Seattle architect created trade center as peace symbol"
1039:(1909–1987), American military leader, lawyer, and judge
2178:"William Hohri Dies at 83; Sought Money for Internees,"
2979:
2954:
1835:"A Transformation of Ritual: The Nisei 60th Birthday."
1209:(1925–2022), US Medal of Honor recipient in Korean War
763:
causing the majority of Nisei to marry other Nisei.
2008:
Order-in-Council, P.C. 1665: Yesaki, Mitsuo. (2003).
1607:
Fred Korematsu, 86, Dies; Lost Key Suit on Internment
1423:(1919–1944), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1387:(1919–2011), American author of the autobiographical
1362:(1921–2015), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1356:(born 1933), Olympic gold medalist (1952) in swimming
1350:(1918–1944), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1321:(1923–1980), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1315:(1921–2003), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1309:(1920–1967), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1291:(1918–1977), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1273:(1920–1944), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1261:(1922–1944), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1255:(1920–1944), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1249:(1917–1998), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1237:(1922–1944), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1231:(1922–1945), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1165:(1922–1944), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1141:(1920–2005), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1100:(1917–2008), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1094:(1920–1945), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1082:(1916–2011), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II
1051:(born 1977), Japanese American electro house musician
664:
and is now being celebrated by increasing numbers of
3093:
U.S. Government interned Japanese from Latin America
1588:"President Names 15 for Nation's Top Civilian Honor"
3073:
The War: Fighting for Democracy: Japanese Americans
622:There are currently just over one hundred thousand
2372:"The Congressional Medal of Honor: Sadao Munemori"
1783:"Problems of Interpersonal Style among the Nisei,"
1368:(1929–2014), an American film and television actor
1045:, American singer and voice actress based in Tokyo
396:Japanese Peruvians comprise the largest element.
4319:
1700:Steveston Monogatari: Sekai no Naka no Nipponjin
1112:(1924–1976), American nurse and nursing educator
1063:(born 1952), philosopher and political economist
2994:Japanese American Community and Cultural Center
2642:Ganbatte: Sixty-Year Struggle of a Kibei Worker
2572:"Shinkichi Tajiri : World Renown Sculptor"
571:born in Canada or the United States, is called
457:experiences, attitudes and behaviour patterns.
288:
266:
34:
2307:. Hokubei.com. August 29, 2008. Archived from
2183:(US). November 24, 2010; retrieved 2011-05-17.
1838:Journal Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology.
557:The generation of people born to at least one
542:The generation of people born to at least one
527:The generation of people born to at least one
282:
260:
93:
85:
75:
67:
43:
3696:
3113:
3032:Japanese American Relocation Digital Archives
2769:Tamura, Eileen & Daniels, Roger. (1994).
1982:WWII Reparations: Japanese-American Internees
1767:"Voices of Chicago: Day of Remembrance 2006,"
1749:
1747:
1745:
1560:Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA),
1426:Traci Toguchi (born 1974), actress and singer
1279:(1904–1988), sculptor and landscape architect
3049:Photo Exhibit of Japanese American community
3008:Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project
2882:. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army.
2537:"Stories About USMS Swimmers: Yoshi Oyakawa"
2505:
2503:
2489:
2487:
2440:
2438:
2424:
2422:
2191:
2189:
2148:
2146:
2132:
2130:
2035:National Association of Japanese Canadians:
1974:
1888:. Stanford Law School. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
1673:
1671:
1669:
941:Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States
887:
837:
740:Kinori Oka, Kisaragi Poem Study Group, 1975.
689:speak Japanese to some extent, learned from
2677:Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration.
2656:"George Yoshida | Densho Encyclopedia"
2399:"Young star Nagasu has priorities in order"
2116:
2114:
1943:Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration,
3703:
3689:
3120:
3106:
2305:"A Nisei in the NBA: The Wat Misaka Story"
2259:Mike M. Masaoka Photograph Collection, bio
2165:Japanese American National Museum (JANM):
1742:
1554:
926:Japanese American life before World War II
894:National Association of Japanese Canadians
137:The children of these Japanese Brazilian (
2809:Yoo, David & Daniels, Roger. (1999).
2600:
2550:
2516:
2500:
2484:
2475:"Isamu Noguchi, the Sculptor, Dies at 84"
2435:
2419:
2396:
2369:
2363:
2186:
2143:
2127:
2095:. December 24, 2002; retrieved 2012-12-3.
1666:
1285:(born 1997), Major League Baseball player
1057:(born 1938), President of Peru, 1990–2000
930:Japanese American life after World War II
833:Japanese American redress and court cases
822:Japanese American service in World War II
599:tended to identify more closely with the
245:In the United States, two representative
3027:Japanese-American's own companies in USA
2985:Japanese Cultural & Community Center
2111:
1458:100th Infantry Battalion (United States)
1408:(born 1992), Canadian Olympic ski jumper
132:
2331:"Medal of Honor Recipients, Korean War"
2297:
1886:Japanese Internment Case Not "Good Law"
1463:442nd Infantry Regiment (United States)
1267:(1905–1990), furniture and cabinetmaker
1217:Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1009:, in addition to the English-speaking
815:
417:with the Japanese word for generation (
4320:
2815:Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
2639:
2619:
2613:
2569:
2563:
2343:
2227:
2221:
1992:
1990:
945:
874:Civil Liberties Act Amendments of 1992
516:or one non-immigrant Japanese parent.
3684:
3101:
2644:. UCLA Asian American Studies Center.
2017:
1543:Pacific Movement of the Eastern World
1444:(1906–1999), Communist labor activist
1333:(born 1962), immunologist, President
242:had a somewhat different experience.
3003:Japanese American Historical Society
2759:Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse.
2529:
2397:Gallagher, Jack (October 14, 2007).
2370:Tamashiro, Ben H. (March 15, 1985).
2329:US Army Center of Military History,
1923:Lachman, Joseph Shoji (2017-02-20).
1171:(1917–2015), only Japanese American
3127:
2620:Hadley, Jane (September 13, 2001),
2374:. The Hawaii Herald. Archived from
1987:
1191:(1916–1990), US Senator from Hawaii
399:
13:
2859:. Detroit: Pettigrew Enterprises.
2826:
1739:Japanese American National Museum.
1577:, NIMH Grant No. 1 R13 MH25655-01.
1498:Japanese American National Library
1147:(1921–2014), civil rights activist
849:In 1980, Congress established the
328:
14:
4359:
2980:Japanese American Citizens League
2955:Japanese American National Museum
2948:
1503:Japanese American National Museum
1488:Japanese American Citizens League
1183:Japanese American Citizens League
844:Japanese American Citizens League
378:
361:
257:. Hawaiian-born Daniel Ken Inouye
172:
3712:
3516:Internment of Japanese Americans
3188:
2674:& Reimers, David M. (1999).
2590:"George Takei Biography (1937–)"
799:Internment of Japanese Americans
745:
2665:
2648:
2633:
2582:
2570:Murata, Alice (February 2006).
2467:
2451:
2390:
2323:
2284:
2264:
2251:
2236:
2202:
2159:
2098:
2074:
2061:
2048:
2029:
2002:
1961:
1949:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1866:
1843:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1775:
1759:
1723:
1711:
1538:Nisei Baseball Research Project
1106:(1927–2010), political activist
971:Pan American Nikkei Association
234:. It has been argued that some
16:Children of Japanese immigrants
4098:Federated States of Micronesia
2855:Harrington, Joseph D. (1979).
2627:The Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1884:Sklansky, David (2016-11-18).
1686:
1646:
1633:
1616:
1599:
1580:
1567:
1518:Japanese in the United Kingdom
1339:University of British Columbia
441:(四世) and the fifth is called
404:
1:
4270:The Japanese in Latin America
1548:
788:
734:Of whom they could be proud.
303:Presidential Medal of Freedom
141:) immigrants would be called
2924:Sterner, C. Douglas (2008).
2777:University of Illinois Press
2702:University Press of Colorado
1840:Vol. 6, No. 2 (April, 1991).
1696:Umi o Watatta Nippon no Mura
1493:Japanese American internment
795:Japanese-Canadian internment
777:
750:There was relatively little
704:
676:
7:
2741:University of Toronto Press
2697:Nisei: The Quiet Americans.
1451:
1225:(1917–1992), Medal of Honor
934:
906:Custodian of Alien Property
870:Civil Liberties Act of 1988
289:
267:
190:were born after the end of
94:
86:
76:
68:
35:
10:
4364:
4328:Japanese words and phrases
3037:November 25, 2002, at the
2969:February 16, 2019, at the
2878:McNaughton, James (2006).
2836:. New York: Gotham Books.
2277:December 19, 2005, at the
2228:Svinth, Joseph R. (2000).
2042:February 18, 2009, at the
1910:Encyclopaedia Britannica.
1528:List of Japanese Americans
1406:Atsuko Tanaka (ski jumper)
1327:(born 1968), mathematician
1181:(1915–1991) leader of the
1019:
952:List of Japanese Americans
949:
938:
923:
857:) The commission report,
830:
826:
819:
792:
781:
433:which describe the first,
385:
368:
335:
179:
128:
54:term used in countries in
18:
4338:Japanese-American history
4244:
4183:
4121:
4088:
4081:
3998:
3913:Japanese orphans in China
3895:
3782:
3754:
3747:
3726:
3585:
3565:East and Southeast Asians
3524:
3496:
3464:Asian Hispanic and Latino
3456:
3383:
3298:
3197:
3186:
3135:
3022:Japanese American Network
2733:McLellan, Janet. (1999).
2682:Columbia University Press
2087:October 17, 2012, at the
1967:100th Congress, S. 1009,
1856:November 6, 2012, at the
1677:McLellan, Janet. (1999).
888:Japanese Canadian redress
838:Japanese American redress
784:Japanese American history
283:
279:Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu
261:
44:
3721:and Japanese expatriates
3013:Japanese American Museum
2832:Asahina, Robert (2007).
2753:Moulin, Pierre. (2007).
2694:Hosokawa, Bill. (2002).
2481:(US). December 31, 1988.
2215:August 29, 2008, at the
2024:Apology and compensation
1971:internmentarchives.com].
1863:(US). February 17, 2011.
1849:Johnson, George Toshio.
1788:v13 n2 p29-45 (1986–87).
1641:"Japan-Brazil Relations"
1624:He Said No to Internment
1562:"Japan-Mexico Relations"
1378:and supplementary group
1335:University of Cincinnati
911:In 1988, Prime Minister
864:In 1988, U.S. President
859:Personal Justice Denied,
649:
92:, or third generation. (
4263:The Japanese and Europe
3078:March 10, 2010, at the
2901:Moulin, Pierre (1993).
2340:; retrieved 2012-12-13.
2336:March 10, 2009, at the
2294:; retrieved 2011-05-17.
2281:; retrieved 2011-05-17.
2172:March 29, 2012, at the
2071:; retrieved 2011-05-17.
2058:; retrieved 2011-05-17.
1956:Personal Justice Denied
1927:. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
1914:. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
1901:. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
1772:(US). October 31, 2006.
1706:American Anthropologist
1663:; retrieved 2011-05-17.
1643:; retrieved 2011-05-17.
1573:Miyoshi, Nobu. (1978).
1564:; retrieved 2011-05-17.
1069:(1950–2013), Brazilian
919:
768:anti-miscegenation laws
766:Another factor is that
758:incarceration of these
4294:Looking Like the Enemy
3552:Science and technology
3532:Arts and Entertainment
2959:JANM generational teas
1659:February 10, 2020, at
1343:University of Michigan
743:
146:
48:, "second generation")
4301:New Worlds, New Lives
4257:Foreign-born Japanese
3476:Multiracial Americans
2789:Yenne, Bill. (2007).
2713:Itoh, Keiko. (2001).
2640:Yoneda, Karl (1983).
2594:www.filmreference.com
2242:Yenne, Bill. (2007).
1936:Dinnerstein, Leonard
1765:Ikezoe-Halevi, Jean.
1478:Go For Broke Monument
1402:(1923–2009), sculptor
1128:The Smashing Pumpkins
715:
413:corresponding to the
136:
4348:Transitional justice
4343:Cultural generations
3985:United Arab Emirates
3881:By state and/or city
3537:Broadcast journalism
3017:San Jose, California
2672:Dinnerstein, Leonard
2578:on February 8, 2007.
2464:(US). June 18, 1990.
2378:on February 27, 2012
2311:on November 22, 2008
2257:University of Utah,
2232:. Physical Training.
2080:Ferreira, Lenilson.
1781:Miyamoto, S. Frank.
1735:May 3, 2009, at the
1630:. December 25, 2005.
1605:Goldstein, Richard.
1173:U.S. Army Air Forces
1026:adding missing items
816:World War II service
291:Korematsu Toyosaburō
212:Executive Order 9066
206:with their parents (
3575:Model minority myth
2998:Southern California
2989:Northern California
2608:CRS RL30011, p. 20.
2558:CRS RL30011, p. 19.
2524:CRS RL30011, p. 18.
2511:CRS RL30011, p. 17.
2495:CRS RL30011, p. 16.
2446:CRS RL30011, p. 15.
2430:CRS RL30011, p. 14.
2359:, November 26, 2005
2197:CRS RL30011, p. 12.
2176:; Martin, Douglas.
2154:CRS RL30011, p. 10.
2138:CRS RL30011, p. 13.
1702:" by Kazuko Tsurumi
1698:by Masao Gamo and "
1483:Hyphenated American
1432:(1921–2011), author
1303:(1923–1971), writer
1259:William K. Nakamura
1235:Kiyoshi K. Muranaga
946:Notable individuals
724:Emigrants to Canada
630:; but unlike other
338:Japanese Brazilians
80:are considered the
64:ethnically Japanese
19:For the episode of
3769:Dominican Republic
2473:Brenson, Michael.
2462:The New York Times
2356:The New York Times
2181:The New York Times
2122:CRS RL30011, p. 9.
2106:CRS RL30011, p. 8.
1912:Concentration camp
1596:. January 9, 1998.
1508:Japanese Brazilian
1110:May Shiga Hornback
681:The Japanese-born
388:Japanese Peruvians
371:Japanese Canadians
299:U.S. Supreme Court
182:Japanese Americans
147:
123:silent generations
4333:Japanese diaspora
4315:
4314:
4225:fourth generation
4205:second generation
4179:
4178:
4047:Sakhalin Japanese
3891:
3890:
3719:Japanese diaspora
3678:
3677:
3058:Nikkei Federation
2934:978-0-9796896-1-1
2821:978-0-252-06822-5
2805:978-0-312-35464-0
2785:978-0-252-06358-9
2765:978-1-4259-3801-7
2749:978-0-8020-8225-1
2729:978-0-7007-1487-2
2709:978-0-87081-668-0
2690:978-0-231-11189-8
2457:Saxon, Wolfgang.
2167:William Honri bio
1786:Amerasia Journal.
1730:"What is Nikkei?"
1513:Japanese Canadian
1354:Yoshinobu Oyakawa
1139:Yeiki Kobashigawa
878:George H. W. Bush
760:American citizens
732:Canadian citizens
730:were raised to be
565:
564:
468:collective memory
107:Japanese numerals
82:second generation
52:Japanese-language
4355:
4245:Related articles
4235:fifth generation
4215:third generation
4166:Papua New Guinea
4108:Marshall Islands
4086:
4085:
4055:
3817:British Columbia
3752:
3751:
3717:
3716:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3665:Washington, D.C.
3192:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3099:
3098:
2964:Embassy of Japan
2660:
2659:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2637:
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2617:
2611:
2606:Medal of Honor:
2604:
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2556:Medal of Honor:
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2255:
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2208:DiscoverNikkei:
2206:
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2141:
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2125:
2120:Medal of Honor:
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2104:Medal of Honor:
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2067:DiscoverNikkei:
2065:
2059:
2054:DiscoverNikkei:
2052:
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2027:
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2015:
2006:
2000:
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1597:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1565:
1558:
1400:Shinkichi Tajiri
1360:George T. Sakato
1295:Apolo Anton Ohno
1271:Joe M. Nishimoto
1265:George Nakashima
1253:Shinyei Nakamine
1207:Hiroshi Miyamura
1163:Robert T. Kuroda
1133:Daniel K. Inouye
1124:alternative rock
1080:Barney F. Hajiro
1061:Francis Fukuyama
1055:Alberto Fujimori
1030:reliable sources
902:Price Waterhouse
756:unconstitutional
741:
624:British Japanese
482:
481:
411:Japanese numbers
400:Cultural profile
296:
294:
286:
285:
274:
272:
264:
263:
139:Nipo-brasileiros
115:initial diaspora
97:
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40:
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4171:Solomon Islands
4117:
4077:
4049:
3994:
3887:
3778:
3743:
3722:
3711:
3709:
3679:
3674:
3581:
3520:
3492:
3469:Punjabi Mexican
3452:
3385:Southeast Asian
3379:
3294:
3193:
3184:
3131:
3129:Asian Americans
3126:
3080:Wayback Machine
3063:Discover Nikkei
3039:Wayback Machine
2971:Wayback Machine
2951:
2829:
2827:Further reading
2668:
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2408:
2404:The Japan Times
2395:
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2338:Wayback Machine
2328:
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2289:
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2279:Wayback Machine
2269:
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2256:
2252:
2248:, pp. 1376–141.
2241:
2237:
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2222:
2217:Wayback Machine
2207:
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2187:
2174:Wayback Machine
2164:
2160:
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2119:
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2103:
2099:
2093:The Japan Times
2089:Wayback Machine
2079:
2075:
2066:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2044:Wayback Machine
2034:
2030:
2026:, CBC Archives.
2022:
2018:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1988:
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1966:
1962:
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1770:Discover Nikkei
1764:
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1737:Wayback Machine
1728:
1724:
1716:
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1692:Ikawa, Fumiko.
1691:
1687:
1676:
1667:
1651:
1647:
1638:
1634:
1621:
1617:
1611:New York Times.
1604:
1600:
1586:Lewis, Neil A.
1585:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1523:Japanese people
1454:
1436:Minoru Yamasaki
1430:Hisaye Yamamoto
1189:Spark Matsunaga
1098:Shizuya Hayashi
1037:John Fujio Aiso
1033:
973:(PANA) include
954:
948:
943:
937:
932:
924:Main articles:
922:
890:
840:
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793:Main articles:
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652:
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62:to specify the
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5:
4361:
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4307:Nihonjin gakkō
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4281:Hoshū jugyō kō
4278:
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3645:North Carolina
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2949:External links
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2479:New York Times
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2322:
2296:
2283:
2263:
2250:
2235:
2220:
2201:
2185:
2158:
2142:
2126:
2110:
2097:
2073:
2060:
2047:
2028:
2016:
2001:
1986:
1980:DemocracyNow:
1973:
1960:
1948:
1929:
1916:
1903:
1890:
1877:
1865:
1842:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1774:
1758:
1741:
1722:
1710:
1685:
1665:
1645:
1632:
1628:New York Times
1615:
1613:April 1, 2005.
1598:
1593:New York Times
1579:
1566:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1533:Model minority
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1473:Asian Canadian
1470:
1468:Asian American
1465:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1421:Ted T. Tanouye
1418:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1389:Nisei Daughter
1382:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1307:James K. Okubo
1304:
1298:
1292:
1289:Allan M. Ohata
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1229:Sadao Munemori
1226:
1220:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1145:Yuri Kochiyama
1142:
1136:
1130:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1086:Mikio Hasemoto
1083:
1077:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
956:The number of
947:
944:
936:
933:
921:
918:
913:Brian Mulroney
889:
886:
839:
836:
831:Main article:
828:
825:
820:Main article:
817:
814:
790:
787:
782:Main article:
779:
776:
747:
744:
737:
716:
706:
703:
678:
675:
651:
648:
563:
562:
555:
548:
547:
540:
533:
532:
525:
518:
517:
510:
506:
505:
502:
495:
494:
488:
406:
403:
401:
398:
386:Main article:
383:
377:
369:Main article:
366:
360:
356:South American
336:Main article:
333:
327:
255:Fred Korematsu
180:Main article:
177:
171:
130:
127:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4360:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4151:New Caledonia
4149:
4145:United States
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4053:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3876:United States
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
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3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
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3787:
3785:
3781:
3775:
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3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
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3732:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3706:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:New York City
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3610:Metro Detroit
3608:
3604:
3603:San Francisco
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:Hoklo/Hokkien
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3137:Central Asian
3134:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2911:2-9599984-0-5
2908:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2888:9780160729577
2885:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2865:9780093368010
2862:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2842:1-59240-300-X
2839:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2657:
2651:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2616:
2610:June 4, 2008.
2609:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2560:June 4, 2008.
2559:
2553:
2538:
2532:
2526:June 4, 2008.
2525:
2519:
2513:June 4, 2008.
2512:
2506:
2504:
2497:June 4, 2008.
2496:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2448:June 4, 2008.
2447:
2441:
2439:
2432:June 4, 2008.
2431:
2425:
2423:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2287:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2272:Matsunaga bio
2267:
2260:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:Kochiyama bio
2205:
2199:June 4, 2008.
2198:
2192:
2190:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2162:
2156:June 4, 2008.
2155:
2149:
2147:
2140:June 4, 2008.
2139:
2133:
2131:
2124:June 4, 2008.
2123:
2117:
2115:
2108:June 4, 2008.
2107:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2077:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1983:
1977:
1970:
1969:reproduced at
1964:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1833:Doi, Mary L.
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1662:
1661:archive.today
1658:
1655:
1649:
1642:
1636:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1553:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:James Shigeta
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:Lars Nootbaar
1281:
1278:
1277:Isamu Noguchi
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:Wataru Misaka
1199:
1196:
1195:Norman Mineta
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:(born 1968),
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:William Hohri
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:Luiz Gushiken
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1011:United States
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
959:
953:
942:
931:
927:
917:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
892:In 1983, the
885:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
866:Ronald Reagan
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
842:In 1978, the
834:
823:
813:
811:
807:
800:
796:
785:
775:
771:
769:
764:
761:
757:
753:
752:intermarriage
746:Intermarriage
735:
729:
721:
714:
712:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
674:
672:
667:
663:
659:
658:
647:
646:
642:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
620:
616:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
560:
556:
553:
550:
549:
545:
541:
538:
535:
534:
530:
526:
523:
520:
519:
515:
511:
508:
507:
503:
500:
497:
496:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
480:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:
458:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
397:
395:
389:
382:
376:
372:
365:
359:
357:
353:
349:
348:United States
345:
339:
332:
326:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
293:
292:
277:
271:
270:
256:
252:
251:Daniel Inouye
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
183:
176:
170:
168:
167:United States
164:
160:
156:
152:
144:
140:
135:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
96:
95:Ichi, ni, san
90:
89:
83:
78:
72:
71:
65:
61:
60:South America
57:
56:North America
53:
39:
38:
30:
28:
22:
4299:
4292:
4268:
4261:
4200:
3739:South Africa
3650:Philadelphia
3570:South Asians
3561:Stereotypes
3542:Demographics
3085:
2925:
2902:
2879:
2856:
2833:
2811:
2791:
2771:
2755:
2735:
2715:
2696:
2676:
2666:Bibliography
2650:
2641:
2635:
2625:
2615:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2576:the original
2565:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2531:
2518:
2478:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2409:. Retrieved
2402:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2376:the original
2365:
2354:
2345:
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:the original
2299:
2286:
2266:
2253:
2244:
2238:
2230:"Tommy Kono"
2223:
2204:
2180:
2161:
2100:
2092:
2076:
2069:Fujimori bio
2063:
2050:
2031:
2019:
2010:
2004:
1976:
1963:
1951:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1919:
1906:
1899:Terminology.
1897:Densho.org.
1893:
1880:
1868:
1860:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1725:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1679:
1648:
1635:
1627:
1618:
1610:
1601:
1591:
1582:
1569:
1556:
1415:
1412:George Takei
1394:David Suzuki
1388:
1372:Mike Shinoda
1341:, President
1337:, President
1331:Santa J. Ono
1319:Frank H. Ono
1313:Yukio Okutsu
1247:Masato Nakae
1241:Mirai Nagasu
1179:Mike Masaoka
1122:, member of
1022:dynamic list
966:
962:
957:
955:
910:
891:
882:
863:
858:
848:
841:
809:
805:
802:
772:
765:
749:
727:
719:
717:
710:
708:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
680:
670:
665:
661:
655:
653:
644:
640:
637:
631:
626:, mostly in
621:
617:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
566:
558:
543:
528:
513:
493:description
475:
471:
461:
459:
453:
449:
446:
442:
438:
430:
426:
422:
418:
408:
393:
391:
380:
374:
363:
351:
341:
330:
323:
307:Bill Clinton
295:, 1919–2005)
290:
278:
273:, 1924–2012)
268:
246:
244:
235:
207:
199:
192:World War II
187:
185:
174:
148:
142:
138:
110:
103:
99:
36:
33:
26:
20:
4184:Generations
4161:New Zealand
4050: [
4037:Netherlands
3960:Philippines
3943:South Korea
3938:North Korea
3849:Mexico City
3655:Puerto Rico
3598:Los Angeles
3506:Immigration
3438:Singaporean
3308:Bangladeshi
3300:South Asian
2542:October 12,
2382:October 18,
2315:October 17,
1872:Kobayashi,
1861:Rafu Shimpo
1652:US Census,
1622:Bai, Matt.
1442:Karl Yoneda
1385:Monica Sone
1376:Linkin Park
1348:Kazuo Otani
1092:Joe Hayashi
1043:Sally Amaki
868:signed the
575:(二世). The
445:(五世). The
405:Generations
194:during the
27:The X-Files
21:The X-Files
4322:Categories
4195:immigrants
4090:Micronesia
4030:Düsseldorf
3660:Washington
3593:California
3481:Afro-Asian
3448:Vietnamese
3413:Indonesian
3375:Sri Lankan
3212:Hongkonger
3199:East Asian
2795:New York:
2680:New York:
2411:October 2,
2292:Mineta bio
1809:McLellan,
1799:pp. 36–37.
1797:McLellan,
1753:McLellan,
1717:McLellan,
1694:"Reviews:
1549:References
1380:Fort Minor
1301:John Okada
1223:Kaoru Moto
1213:Pat Morita
1169:Ben Kuroki
1157:Tommy Kono
1151:Ford Konno
1071:politician
1049:Steve Aoki
1020:This is a
950:See also:
939:See also:
789:Internment
554: (五世)
509:Nisei (二世)
486:Generation
474:and older
415:generation
329:Brazilian
228:Washington
220:California
216:West Coast
165:, and the
109:.) Though
4276:Japantown
4134:Melbourne
4129:Australia
4122:Elsewhere
4005:Belgium (
3970:Sri Lanka
3965:Singapore
3930:Indonesia
3920:Hong Kong
3871:Venezuela
3790:Argentina
3783:Elsewhere
3756:Caribbean
3625:Louisiana
3486:Amerasian
3428:Malaysian
3398:Cambodian
3350:Pakistani
3340:Maldivian
3318:Bhutanese
3285:Taiwanese
3278:Okinawans
3268:Mongolian
3261:in Hawaii
3249:in Hawaii
3207:Cantonese
2942:141855086
2850:143249949
2797:Macmillan
2739:Toronto:
2721:Routledge
2700:Boulder:
1416:Star Trek
1120:guitarist
1116:James Iha
975:Argentina
705:Education
677:Languages
460:The term
379:Peruvian
362:Canadian
269:Inoue Ken
218:areas of
196:baby boom
173:American
4252:Dekasegi
4103:Kiribati
4007:Brussels
3975:Thailand
3950:Malaysia
3908:Shanghai
3856:Paraguay
3839:Colombia
3822:Montreal
3748:Americas
3670:Virginia
3630:Maryland
3547:Politics
3511:Military
3403:Filipino
3345:Nepalese
3335:Gujarati
3273:Ryukyuan
3244:Japanese
3217:Macanese
3076:Archived
3035:Archived
2967:Archived
2919:82373241
2896:70149258
2775:Urbana:
2719:London:
2334:Archived
2275:Archived
2213:Archived
2170:Archived
2085:Archived
2056:Aiso bio
2040:Archived
1940:(1999).
1854:Archived
1733:Archived
1657:Archived
1452:See also
1075:activist
999:Paraguay
991:Colombia
935:Politics
738:—
561:parent.
546:parent.
531:parent.
358:nation.
210:) after
204:interned
186:Some US
4082:Oceania
4025:Germany
3990:Vietnam
3866:Uruguay
3827:Toronto
3795:Bolivia
3774:Jamaica
3620:Houston
3586:Regions
3498:History
3423:Laotian
3393:Burmese
3355:Punjabi
3313:Bengali
3290:Tibetan
3224:Chinese
3170:Turkmen
3053:Florida
2873:5184099
2013:p. 111.
1945:p. 181.
1325:Ken Ono
1219:in 1984
1007:Uruguay
979:Bolivia
963:nikkei.
827:Redress
778:History
722:parents
713:woman:
657:kanreki
645:Sansei.
470:of the
198:. Most
129:History
74:). The
25:Nisei (
4221:Yonsei
4211:Sansei
4155:France
4141:Hawaii
4071:London
4042:Russia
4013:France
3999:Europe
3980:Turkey
3934:Korea
3844:Mexico
3812:Canada
3800:Brazil
3727:Africa
3640:Nevada
3615:Hawaii
3557:Sports
3525:Topics
3370:Telugu
3360:Sindhi
3323:Indian
3256:Korean
3175:Uyghur
3160:Kyrgyz
3155:Kazakh
3150:Baloch
3145:Afghan
2940:
2932:
2917:
2909:
2894:
2886:
2871:
2863:
2848:
2840:
2819:
2803:
2783:
2763:
2747:
2727:
2707:
2688:
2406:Online
1938:et al.
1874:p. 64.
1821:Itoh,
1811:p. 68.
1755:p. 37.
1719:p. 59.
1682:p. 36.
1639:MOFA,
1185:(JACL)
1015:Canada
1005:, and
995:Mexico
983:Brazil
699:Sansei
666:Nisei.
641:Nisei,
638:Issei,
633:Nikkei
628:London
614:Nisei.
601:Issei,
559:Yonsei
544:Sansei
537:Yonsei
522:Sansei
491:Cohort
463:Nikkei
454:Sansei
447:Issei,
439:Yonsei
435:second
431:Sansei
427:Nisei,
350:. The
311:Plessy
284:是松 豊三郎
240:Hawaii
232:Alaska
230:, and
224:Oregon
159:Canada
155:Brazil
151:Mexico
88:Sansei
23:, see
4231:Gosei
4201:Nisei
4191:Issei
4113:Palau
4061:Spain
4054:]
4018:Paris
3955:Nepal
3925:India
3903:China
3834:Chile
3734:Egypt
3457:Other
3418:Karen
3408:Hmong
3365:Tamil
3234:Hakka
3180:Uzbek
3165:Tajik
1823:p. 7.
1126:band
1028:with
987:Chile
967:nisei
958:nisei
855:CWRIC
810:Issei
806:Nisei
728:Nisei
720:Meiji
711:Issei
695:Nisei
691:Issei
687:Nisei
683:Issei
662:Issei
650:Aging
609:Nisei
605:Nisei
597:Nisei
593:Nisei
588:Nisei
586:Most
581:Nisei
577:Nisei
573:Nisei
552:Gosei
529:Nisei
514:Issei
499:Issei
476:Nisei
472:Issei
450:Nisei
443:Gosei
423:Issei
394:Nisei
381:Nisei
364:Nisei
352:Nisei
344:Japan
331:Nisei
319:Parks
315:Brown
249:were
247:Nisei
236:Nisei
208:Issei
200:Nisei
188:Nisei
175:Nisei
143:Nisei
111:nisei
77:Nisei
70:Issei
50:is a
37:Nisei
4286:list
3896:Asia
3861:Peru
3764:Cuba
3443:Thai
3433:Mien
2938:OCLC
2930:ISBN
2915:OCLC
2907:ISBN
2892:OCLC
2884:ISBN
2869:OCLC
2861:ISBN
2846:OCLC
2838:ISBN
2817:ISBN
2801:ISBN
2781:ISBN
2761:ISBN
2745:ISBN
2725:ISBN
2705:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2544:2007
2413:2008
2384:2009
2317:2009
2037:PANA
1073:and
1013:and
1003:Peru
928:and
920:Life
898:NAJC
797:and
726:The
654:The
539:(四世)
524:(三世)
501:(一世)
452:and
429:and
262:井上 建
253:and
163:Peru
121:and
119:G.I.
58:and
3051:in
3015:of
2996:of
2987:of
2973:in
812:).
718:By
643:or
569:not
419:sei
104:see
100:sei
4324::
4052:zh
2957:;
2936:.
2913:.
2890:.
2867:.
2844:.
2799:.
2779:.
2743:.
2723:.
2684:.
2624:,
2592:.
2502:^
2486:^
2477:,
2437:^
2421:^
2401:.
2353:,
2188:^
2145:^
2129:^
2113:^
2091:,
1989:^
1744:^
1704:,
1668:^
1626:,
1609:,
1590:,
1017:.
1001:,
997:,
993:,
989:,
985:,
981:,
977:,
425:,
317:,
313:,
287:,
265:,
226:,
222:,
169:.
161:,
157:,
125:.
102:;
45:二世
4009:)
3704:e
3697:t
3690:v
3121:e
3114:t
3107:v
2944:.
2921:.
2898:.
2875:.
2852:.
2658:.
2596:.
2546:.
2415:.
2386:.
2319:.
2261:.
1984:.
1958:.
1032:.
896:(
853:(
804:(
281:(
259:(
145:.
42:(
31:.
29:)
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