476:
763:
686:
All the commentaries largely agree that the expression "詩書執礼" here refers jointly to the classics of the Odes, the
Documents (Shujing 書經 or Shangshu 尙書), and the Rites (Liji 禮記), but the understanding of the word "雅言" differs in old and new commentaries. According to the commentary of Zheng Xuan 鄭玄
744:
The
Confucian yayan was most probably based on the "lingua franca" that evolved in the Shang era and was spoken across the nowadays Henan region where political, commercial and cultural activities reached their summit throughout the late Shang era; accordingly the base dialect is customarily named
628:
Recent voices from
Chinese historical linguists maintain that as early as Zhou dynasty (about 1046–256 BC), there was a unified pronunciation called yayan (雅言) serving as the standard language (Chen, 1999; Guo and Gao, 2003). Yayan meant 'correct language' or 'standard language' in the Classical
597:
Fangyan in the archaic times literally means "languages spoken in all the lands", and in contrast there existed common speech of the Han people (differing from general lingua franca) such as yayan 'elegant speech' of the Qin
Dynasty, and tongyu 'general speech' of the Han Dynasty
745:
the
Zhongzhou 中州 (or Heluo 河洛) dialect, based on its geographical distribution, that is, the upper Central Plains centered around Luoyang 洛陽 in the Huanghe watershed (Chen 1999: 9).
658:
There is quite a consensus among sinologists that this "lingua franca" across
Sinitic dialects was the yayan 雅言 'decorous pronunciation' mentioned in the Analects (Analects VII.17).
526:; only then can righteousness be complete. Therefore, there should be no taboos. In the context of rituals, they are not recited, which is why we speak of adhering to them.
729:""Giao Chỉ" (Jiaozhi 交趾) as a Diffusion Center of Middle Chinese Diachronic Changes: Syllabic Weight Contrast and Phonologisation of Its Phonetic Correlates"
643:""Giao Chỉ" (Jiaozhi 交趾) as a Diffusion Center of Middle Chinese Diachronic Changes: Syllabic Weight Contrast and Phonologisation of Its Phonetic Correlates"
715:
The pre-Qin yayan 'elegant speech' was developed on the basis of the dialect in
Chengzhou (current Luoyang in Henan province) where the capital was located.
425:
The Master’s frequent themes of discourse were: the Odes, the
History, and the maintenance of the Rules of Propriety. On all these he frequently discoursed.
549:
Some scholars have interpreted this "proper speech" phrase as possibly referring to a standard form of the language used by the literati of the era.
804:
629:
Chinese of that time. It is believed that Yayan was the common language of the officials in the court and the language standard of intellectuals.
670:
Saitō, Mareshi (25 May 2023). "Chapter 4 - The Space of
Cultivated Speech (Yayan 雅言): Writing and Language in the Sinographic Sphere".
350:
336:
828:
797:
708:
687:(127–200), it meant, "he read using correct pronunciation without changing the reading out of respect/reverence (敬避),
679:
590:
522:
Zheng said: "When reading the laws and regulations of the ancient kings, it is necessary to pronounce their words
790:
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610:
Jie, Dong (October 2010). "The enregisterment of
Putonghua in practice".
329:
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would have been based on the dialects of Old Chinese spoken around the
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used as a standard dialect by intellectuals during the
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672:Cosmopolitan and Vernacular in the World of Wen 文
815:
703:(4th ed.). De Gruyter Mouton. p. 160.
585:(4th ed.). De Gruyter Mouton. p. 158.
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532:Commentaries and Annotations on the Analects
485:Commentaries and Annotations on the Analects
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16:Theorized ancient standard form of Chinese
479:Excerpt from Zheng Xuan's discussion of
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444:has been agreed to refer to each of the
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472:(127–200 AD) interpreted it as:
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736:Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies
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650:Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies
640:
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378:is a theorized ancient form of the
13:
698:
580:
505:The Master said: "Elegant speech,
14:
840:
727:Pain, Frederic (September 2020).
699:Li, Yuming (2015). "Chapter 10".
641:Pain, Frederic (September 2020).
581:Li, Yuming (2015). "Chapter 10".
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393: – 256 BC).
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612:Language & Communication
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518:其音、然後義全、故不可有所諱。禮不誦、故言執。」
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416:子所雅言、詩、書、執禮、皆
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779:expanding it
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497:子所雅言、孔曰：「雅言、
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384:Zhou dynasty
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343:*N-ɢˤraʔ *ŋa
285:Southern Min
166:Hanyu Pinyin
79:
65:Sino-Tibetan
48:Zhou dynasty
18:
824:Old Chinese
514:鄭曰：「讀先王典法、必
391: 1046
357:*ŋraːʔ *ŋan
330:Old Chinese
322:ngaeX ngjon
818:Categories
742:(3): 366.
656:(3): 365.
568:References
487:edited by
470:Zheng Xuan
351:Zhengzhang
194:Wade–Giles
249:ngáh yìhn
100:ISO 639-3
618:(4): 3.
529:—
524:properly
431:Analects
428:—
407:Analects
301:ngá-giân
277:ŋaː jiːn
257:Jyutping
200:ya3-yen2
562:Luoyang
509:it is".
483:in the
397:History
292:Hokkien
263:ngaajin
128:Chinese
75:Chinese
70:Sinitic
707:
678:
589:
542:He Yan
540:; ed.
489:He Yan
456:, and
228:jä jɛn
186:yeayan
34:Region
769:This
732:(PDF)
646:(PDF)
554:Yayan
481:yayan
433:§7.18
402:Yayan
375:Yayan
214:yǎyán
172:yǎyán
118:Yayan
80:Yayan
38:China
24:Yayan
775:stub
705:ISBN
676:ISBN
598:etc.
587:ISBN
537:論語注疏
441:詩書執禮
620:doi
501:也。」
295:POJ
271:IPA
222:IPA
107:lzh
44:Era
820::
740:50
738:.
734:.
713:.
684:.
654:50
652:.
648:.
626:.
616:30
614:.
595:.
564:.
516:正言
499:正言
468:.
465:雅言
450:,
420:也。
418:雅言
388:c.
134:雅言
29:雅言
806:e
799:t
792:v
781:.
622::
544:)
534:(
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