337:
127:
25:
207:
91:
115:
953:
970:
1219:
941:
400:. The Estonians sent two armoured trains to aid the Latvians while the Lithuanians were engaged in battles with the Bolsheviks and could only issue diplomatic protests. The Latvians also received assistance from the guns of a British
441:. After the involvement of the Entente military mission, General Eberhardt was able to organize evacuation of the remaining German Freikorps via Lithuania to East Prussia. This was completed by mid-December 1919.
1066:
1054:
1042:
328:(then based in Siberia) and started marching eastwards (October 1919) with a stated intention of attacking the Bolsheviks, but its real goal appeared to be sustaining German power in the Baltic region.
1149:
1142:
1320:
825:
320:
and then released if they promised that they would help fight against the
Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. The resultant Western Russian Volunteer Army declared that it would support the Russian
931:
296:. To avoid casting blame on Germany and infuriating the Allies, von der Goltz withdrew into the background and in August 1919 merged his troops with the "Special Russian Corps", led by
948:
907:
818:
351:. After initially supporting the White Russians the Weimar government, under pressure from the Entente, banned the transfer of German soldiers to the Russians and ordered the
960:
1061:
1049:
1037:
811:
936:
489:
1137:
965:
1340:
982:
1214:
358:
In this circumstances
Bermondt-Avalov launched an offensive using Freikorps in attempt to force the Republic of Latvia to negotiate. With the support of
507:
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902:
1330:
1179:
1266:
889:
884:
879:
419:
348:
977:
359:
1335:
648:
Im Kampf gegen den
Bolschewismus. Erinnerungen von General Fürst Awaloff, Oberbefehlshaber der Deutsch-Russischen Westarmee im Baltikum
453:
were provided by
Germany and decorated with Russian distinctive signs, in particular the shoulder legs according to the model of the
924:
1271:
997:
718:
Von den baltische
Provinzen zu den baltischen Staaten. Beiträge zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Republiken Estland und Lettland
377:
258:
355:
to block the East
Prussian border to block Freikorp's supplies. General von der Goltz was finally recalled on October 4.
1112:
347:
The political situation in the Baltic region continued to deteriorate. A new government in
Lithuania refused to allow
697:
604:
68:
46:
39:
1310:
1284:
576:
165:
1345:
477:(Colonel Virgolitsch): from 3,500 to 5,000 mounted soldiers including Cossacks, stationed in northern Lithuania
119:
500:(Captain Sievert): about 9,000 to 12,000 soldiers who had come together from various independent free corps.
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155:
535:
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571:
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277:
determined that the situation was under control. The order to withdraw was given after signing of the
1117:
1078:
1073:
494:
414:
In
November, the Latvian army managed to drive the Bermondt-Avalov forces into Lithuanian territory.
336:
1154:
803:
415:
33:
621:
293:
190:
1289:
1199:
1007:
765:
556:
541:: about 1,000 soldiers, appeared at the end of October after a march over 1,200 km off Riga.
481:
285:
1236:
726:
50:
369:, a Latvian counter-offensive followed in November, which forced Bermondt's army to withdraw.
1241:
643:
454:
430:
301:
274:
251:
185:
1013:
561:
434:
278:
376:
In
October 1919, the West Russian Volunteer Army attacked the newly independent states of
8:
1164:
1159:
852:
791:
433:
fled to
Klaipeda. The German Freikorps were handed over to the German Lieutenant General
397:
1093:
992:
512:
530:
384:, to which Germany had granted independence. It briefly occupied the west bank of the
257:
in Southern Russia, was supported and in fact put together under German auspices. The
841:
731:
693:
651:
631:
625:
600:
325:
239:
150:
393:
1184:
1127:
783:
756:
1002:
678:
Die Kämpfe im Baltikum nach der zweiten Einnahme von Riga. Juni bis Dezember 1919
405:
227:
1083:
914:
834:
551:
458:
366:
321:
309:
266:
254:
674:
Der Feldzug im Baltikum bis zur zweiten Einnahme von Riga. Januar bis Mai 1919
423:
341:
1304:
1030:
635:
385:
331:
262:
131:
655:
1132:
206:
730:. Vol. I. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 335–336.
317:
90:
517:): about 3,000 soldiers (the former 2nd Guard Reserve Regiment), before
987:
837:
670:
Darstellungen aus den Nachkriegskämpfen deutscher Truppen und Freikorps
401:
352:
289:
518:
485:(Major Bischoff): about 15,000 to 18,000, at Jelgava, joined in August
288:
retired in response to the Allies' order; the rest remained under the
261:
of November 1918, in article 12, stipulated that troops of the former
1122:
270:
235:
833:
919:
684:
Die Baltische Landeswehr im Befreiungskampf gegen den Bolschewismus
349:
White Russians to pass troops through and establish a military base
305:
664:
Die letzte Front. Geschichte der Eiserne Division im Baltikum 1919
1321:
Military units and formations of White Russia (Russian Civil War)
735:
438:
437:, successor of the Goltz as commander of the VI Reserve Corps in
370:
363:
297:
381:
231:
471:(Colonel Potozki): from 7,000 to 10,000 soldiers, near Jelgava
273:
advances and that such German units were to withdraw once the
526:: about 3,000 soldiers, for railway protection in Lithuania.
1257:
870:
389:
16:
Russian warlords in the Baltic during the Russian Civil War
720:, Bd I (1917-1918), Bd II (1919-1920), Marburg 1971, 1977.
332:
Confrontation with the governments of Latvia and Lithuania
95:
The only surviving flag of the West Russian Volunteer Army
340:
Bermontians' planes captured by the Lithuanian Army near
313:
705:
Sprawy łotewskie w bałtyckiej polityce Niemiec 1914-1919
650:(in German). Glückstadt, Hamburg: Verlag J.J. Augustin.
396:
had to request military assistance from Lithuania and
304:. The two generals recruited about 50,000 men: mostly
770:
723:
418:. Finally, the West Russian Volunteer Army suffered
724:Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Bermondtists".
265:would remain in the Baltic provinces of the former
250:
The Western Russian Volunteer Army, unlike the pro-
1302:
642:
630:(in German). Leipzig: Verlag von K.F. Koehler.
819:
620:
1029:
1341:German involvement in the Russian Civil War
772:Russkaya Zapadnaya dobrovol'cheskaya armiya
826:
812:
89:
1150:Separate Mongolian-Buryat Cavalry Brigade
627:Meine Sendung in Finnland und im Baltikum
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
335:
32:This article includes a list of general
1331:Anti-communist organisations in Latvia
1303:
761:Русская Западная добровольческая армия
599:Enciklopēdja. Preses nams, Riga 1999,
807:
712:Walka o niepodległość Łotwy 1914-1920
373:was also lost in loss-making fights.
284:However, only a small portion of the
242:from November 1918 to December 1919.
18:
597:Latvijas Brīvības cīņas 1918–1920.
13:
1336:Lithuania in the Russian Civil War
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1357:
932:Army Group Kiev of General Bredov
420:heavy defeats by the Lithuanians
205:
125:
113:
23:
1285:Turkestan Military Organization
614:
577:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
166:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
949:Novorossiysk Region Army Group
777:
750:
589:
1:
582:
104:November 1918 – December 1919
1259:Armed Forces of South Russia
872:Armed Forces of South Russia
567:Estonian War of Independence
156:Estonian War of Independence
7:
1210:West Russian Volunteer Army
771:
690:Eesti Vabadussõda 1918-1920
572:Latvian War of Independence
545:
451:West Russian Volunteer Army
292:of the German Army General
220:West Russian Volunteer Army
161:Latvian War of Independence
84:West Russian Volunteer Army
10:
1362:
1089:4th Eastern Siberian Corps
426:, a major railway centre.
312:, as well as some Russian
245:
1250:
1229:
1193:
1118:Orenburg Independent Army
1079:2nd Steppe Siberian Corps
1074:1st Middle Siberian Corps
1022:
961:Kharkov Region Army Group
861:
848:
760:
461:worn on the left sleeve.
449:The Army uniforms of the
201:
196:
178:
173:
146:
138:
108:
100:
88:
83:
1155:Asiatic Cavalry Division
1062:3rd Army (Siberian Army)
1050:2nd Army (Siberian Army)
1038:1st Army (Siberian Army)
743:
1290:Peasant Army of Fergana
1108:People's Army of Komuch
1008:Ukrainian Galician Army
692:, Tallinn, Mats, 1997.
557:Freikorps in the Baltic
444:
360:British naval artillery
316:captured by Germany in
286:Freikorps in the Baltic
53:more precise citations.
1311:20th century in Latvia
1185:White Latvian Riflemen
937:Kiev Region Army Group
795:
787:
727:Encyclopedia Lituanica
644:Bermondt-Avalov, Pavel
622:Von der Goltz, Rüdiger
595:Inta Pētersone (ed.):
392:and the government of
344:
269:to help fight against
230:military formation in
1346:Baltic-German history
1242:Arctic Ocean Flotilla
1010:(since November 1919)
710:Paluszyński, Tomasz,
676:, Berlin 1937; Bd 3:
455:Russian Imperial Army
339:
302:Pavel Bermondt-Avalov
294:Rüdiger von der Goltz
191:Rüdiger von der Goltz
186:Pavel Bermondt-Avalov
562:Baltische Landeswehr
279:Treaty of Versailles
1194:North-Western Front
1170:5th Polish Division
1160:Czechoslovak Legion
1138:Holy Cross Druzhina
966:North Caucasus Army
524:Freikorps Diebitsch
464:The army included:
416:Mitau was also lost
411:, in Riga harbour.
259:Compiègne Armistice
1205:North-Western Army
1094:5th Pri-Amur Corps
840:and fleets of the
475:Corps Virgolitsch
469:Corps Graf Keller
345:
1326:1919 in Lithuania
1316:1918 in Lithuania
1298:
1297:
1280:
1279:
1215:Chudskoe Flotilla
1103:
1102:
983:Crimean–Azov Army
898:
897:
842:Russian Civil War
769:
662:Bischoff, Josef,
531:Freikorps Roßbach
504:Freikorps Plehwe
326:Aleksandr Kolchak
240:Russian Civil War
213:
212:
151:Russian Civil War
79:
78:
71:
1353:
1272:Caspian Flotilla
1255:
1254:
1223:
1146:
1128:Far Eastern Army
1070:
1058:
1046:
1027:
1026:
998:Caspian Flotilla
974:
957:
945:
911:
868:
867:
828:
821:
814:
805:
804:
798:
781:
775:
774:
764:
762:
754:
739:
714:, Warszawa 1999.
659:
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49:this article by
40:inline citations
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1003:Army of Wrangel
993:Black Sea Fleet
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894:
857:
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755:
751:
746:
703:Kiewisz, Leon,
617:
612:
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594:
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585:
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533:
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492:
447:
431:Bermondt-Avalov
334:
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45:Please help to
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1274:
1269:
1267:Turkestan Army
1263:
1261:
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1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1230:Northern Front
1227:
1226:
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1207:
1202:
1200:Northern Corps
1197:
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1177:
1175:Siberian Fleet
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1084:3rd Ural Corps
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915:Volunteer Army
912:
903:Astrakhan Army
899:
896:
895:
893:
892:
890:3rd Army Corps
887:
885:2nd Army Corps
882:
880:1st Army Corps
876:
874:
865:
863:Southern Front
859:
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796:Bermontininkai
776:
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745:
742:
741:
740:
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715:
708:
707:, Poznań 1970.
701:
687:
681:
680:, Berlin 1938.
667:
666:, Berlin 1935.
660:
640:
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613:
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609:
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552:White Movement
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459:Orthodox cross
446:
443:
394:Kārlis Ulmanis
367:armoured train
333:
330:
322:White movement
310:Baltic Germans
281:in June 1919.
267:Russian Empire
255:Volunteer Army
247:
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134:(unofficially)
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1237:Northern Army
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1031:Siberian Army
1028:
1025:
1023:Eastern Front
1021:
1015:
1014:Southern Army
1012:
1009:
1006:
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978:Caucasus Army
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482:Iron Division
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435:von Eberhardt
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386:Daugava River
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263:German Empire
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215:Military unit
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132:German Empire
121:
120:Russian State
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1209:
1180:Baikal Fleet
1165:Russian Army
1133:Zemskaya Rat
1113:Western Army
853:Russian Army
779:
752:
725:
717:
711:
704:
689:
686:, Riga 1929.
683:
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626:
615:Bibliography
596:
591:
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503:
488:
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448:
429:Upon defeat
428:
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308:members and
283:
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223:
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217:
122:(officially)
65:
59:January 2013
56:
37:
1251:Middle Asia
1218: [
1141: [
1065: [
1053: [
1041: [
969: [
952: [
940: [
906: [
788:Bermontieši
534: [
511: [
493: [
424:Radviliškis
404:destroyer,
342:Radviliškis
318:World War I
238:during the
224:Bermontians
147:Engagements
51:introducing
1305:Categories
988:Kuban Army
792:Lithuanian
607:, page 78.
583:References
508:von Plehwe
439:Allenstein
402:Royal Navy
353:Reichswehr
324:forces of
290:leadership
228:pro-German
181:commanders
174:Commanders
109:Allegiance
34:references
1123:Ural Army
766:romanized
736:74-114275
636:186846067
506:(Captain
378:Lithuania
306:Freikorps
271:Bolshevik
236:Lithuania
202:Army Flag
920:Don Army
672:, Bd 2:
656:15188750
646:(1925).
624:(1920).
546:See also
364:Estonian
300:General
197:Insignia
784:Latvian
768::
757:Russian
457:and an
398:Estonia
298:Cossack
252:Entente
246:History
179:Notable
47:improve
838:armies
734:
696:
654:
634:
603:
382:Latvia
275:Allies
232:Latvia
226:was a
142:50,000
101:Active
36:, but
1222:]
1145:]
1069:]
1057:]
1045:]
973:]
956:]
944:]
925:Units
910:]
835:White
744:Notes
538:]
519:Libau
515:]
497:]
422:near
408:Vanoc
371:Mitau
189:Gen.
184:Gen.
732:LCCN
694:ISBN
652:OCLC
632:OCLC
601:ISBN
445:Army
406:HMS
390:Riga
380:and
362:and
314:POWs
234:and
218:The
139:Size
536:de
388:in
222:or
1307::
1220:ru
1143:ru
1067:ru
1055:ru
1043:ru
971:ru
954:ru
942:ru
908:ru
794::
786::
763:,
759::
513:de
495:de
827:e
820:t
813:v
790:,
738:.
700:.
658:.
638:.
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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