2943:
as donations and other good works done in their name. This is similar to
Japanese practices and other ancestral veneration practices overall. These good deeds done in the name of the dead are reciprocated by the dead's prayers to God for the living. There are taboos and injunctions the living must follow, particularly in regard to their direct ancestors: not to use the remains of coffin wood for other purposes, to bury the dead in a proper shroud, and not to eat or drink at the beginning and/or close of Shabbat, as that is when spirits of the dead are believed to eat, drink, and bathe. One who eats during this time has stolen from the spirits, and one who drinks at the beginning of Shabbat risks ingesting contaminated bathing water.
43:
2385:
2927:, one of the greatest companions of the Prophet. Abu Ayyub al-Ansariyy replied, âYes, I know what I am doing. I came here for the Messenger of Allahânot for the stone.â By this he meant he was seeking the blessings from the presence of the Prophet, not for the stone covering his grave. Abu Ayyub al-Ansariyy continued his response with what he heard the Messenger of Allah say: âDo not cry over the Religion of Islam if the rulers are ruling correctly. Rather, cry over this Religion if the rulers are ruling incorrectly.â By his response, Abu Ayyub was telling Marwan Ibn al-Hakam: âYou are not one of those rulers who are correctly ruling by the rules of Islam."
2131:
1645:
1269:. However, in other cultures, this act of worship does not confer any belief that the departed ancestors have become some kind of deity. Rather, the act is a way to express filial duty, devotion and respect and look after ancestors in their afterlives as well as seek their guidance for their living descendants. In this regard, many cultures and religions have similar practices. Some may visit the graves of their parents or other ancestors, leave flowers and pray to them in order to honor and remember them, while also asking their ancestors to continue to look after them. However, this would not be considered as worshipping them since the term
1566:
1382:
1434:
residence. This ghost was considered both powerful and something for others to fear. These ghosts are not necessarily saints (in fact, those who hold these beliefs believe very holy persons never possess others in this way, as they are always in the presence of God), but like saints, they function as intermediaries with God. In some cases these may be family shrines, which are not frequented by outsiders, but some (usually older shrines) are frequented by many. When asking for aid from one of these spirits, one may often pledge an animal sacrifice upon aid being rendered, which is also done with saints.
3226:
3054:" and that to die and be with God is a better existence than an earthly one was relatively unknown among the ancient Egyptians. This was not to say that they were unacquainted with the harshness of life; rather, their ethos included a sense of continuity between this life and the next. The Egyptian people loved the culture, customs and religion of their daily lives so much that they wanted to continue them in the nextâalthough some might hope for a better station in the Beautiful West (Egyptian afterlife).
2182:. There can be multiple locations in the spirit world, varying in different ethnic groups. Which place souls end up in depends on how they died, the age at death, or conduct of the person when they were alive. Souls reunite with deceased relatives in the underworld and lead normal lives in the underworld as they did in the material world. In some cases, the souls of evil people undergo penance and cleansing before they are granted entrance into a particular spirit realm. Souls would eventually
2393:
1486:
6440:
1909:
2756:
7601:
6743:
6358:
5868:
1801:
9278:
1477:) are presumed to be especially active. In order to combat this, food-offerings are made to benefit them, some of these ghosts having the opportunity to end their period of purgation, whereas others are imagined to leave hell temporarily, to then return to endure more suffering; without much explanation, relatives who are not in hell (who are in heaven or otherwise reincarnated) are also generally imagined to benefit from the ceremonies.
2980:
2815:
2579:
1189:
7716:
2436:
1534:) seek to honour and recollect the actions of the deceased; they represent the ultimate homage to the dead. The importance of paying respect to parents (and elders) lies with the fact that all physical bodily aspects of one's being were created by one's parents, who continued to tend to one's well-being until one was on firm footing. The respect and homage to parents is to return this gracious deed to them in life and after. The
5199:
1406:, whereby a deceased family member's remains may be exhumed to be periodically re-wrapped in fresh silk shrouds before being replaced in the tomb. The famadihana is an occasion to celebrate the beloved ancestor's memory, reunite with family and community, and enjoy a festive atmosphere. Residents of surrounding villages are often invited to attend the party, where food and rum are typically served and a
2939:
of similar practice was likely seen as acceptable in
Israelite religion until King Josiah's reign. In Biblical literature, and in contemporary prayer, the ancestors, particularly Abraham, Moses, Aaron, Jacob/Israel, or "the Patriarchs" and "the Matriarchs", are often referred to. Stress is placed on the identity of the Jewish people as being the "seed", "house", or "children" of these figures.
1250:
cultures, the purpose of ancestor veneration is not to ask for favors but to do one's filial duty. Some cultures believe that their ancestors actually need to be provided for by their descendants, and their practices include offerings of food and other provisions. Others do not believe that the ancestors are even aware of what their descendants do for them, but that the expression of
1761:
always blesses the family. So every Ahom family in order to worship the dead establish a pillar on the opposite side of the kitchen (Barghar) which is called âDamkhutaâ where they worship the dead with various offerings like homemade wine, mah-prasad, rice with various items of meat and fish. Me-Dam-Me-Phi, a ritual centred on commemorating the dead, is celebrated by the
2471:. The evening before All Saints'â"All Hallows Eve" or "Hallowe'en"âis unofficially the Catholic day to remember the realities of Hell, to mourn the souls lost to evil, and to remember ways to avoid Hell . It is commonly celebrated in the United States and parts of the United Kingdom in a spirit of light-hearted horror and fear, which is marked by the recounting of
2736:(in France, Belgium, the United Kingdom, the Philippines, Panama, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, and Tunisia). It is also common practice among veterans to memorialize fallen service members on the dates of their death. This practice is also common in other countries when remembering Americans who died in battles to liberate their towns in the
3250:, like many Mediterranean societies, regarded the bodies of the dead as polluting. During Rome's Classical period, the body was most often cremated, and the ashes placed in a tomb outside the city walls. Much of the month of February was devoted to purifications, propitiation, and veneration of the dead, especially at the nine-day
1416:, taboos that are respected during and after the lifetime of the person who establishes them. It is widely believed that by showing respect for ancestors in these ways, they may intervene on behalf of the living. Conversely, misfortunes are often attributed to ancestors whose memory or wishes have been neglected. The sacrifice of
1675:, in which the family makes offerings to the deceased. During these rituals, the family prepares the food items that the deceased liked and offers food to the deceased. They offer this food to crows as well on certain days as it is believed that the soul comes in the form of a bird to taste it. They are also obliged to offer
2320:. Filipinos traditionally observe this day by visiting the family dead, cleaning and repairing their tombs. Common offerings are prayers, flowers, candles, and even food, while many also spend the remainder of the day and ensuing night holding reunions at the graveyard, playing games and music or singing.
2938:
Judaism, like Islam, has a complicated relationship to ancestor veneration/worship, grave shrines, and other related concepts. It is thought ancient
Israelite religion and Pre-Israelite Cannanites practiced a form of ancestor worship in which ancestors were raised to the status of gods, and some form
1899:
Before the introduction of
Buddhism to Japan, ancestor worship and funerary rites were not common, especially for non-elites. In the Heian Period, abandonment was a common method of disposing of the dead. Following the advent of Buddhism, rituals were sometimes performed at the gravesite after burial
1765:
on 31 January every year in memory of the departed. It is the manifestation of the concept of ancestor worship that the Ahoms share with other peoples originating from the Tai-Shan stock. It is a festival to show respect to the departed ancestors and remember their contribution to society. On the day
2675:
In the United States and Canada, flowers, wreaths, grave decorations and sometimes candles, food, small pebbles, or items the dead valued in life are put on graves year-round as a way to honor the dead. These traditions originate in the diverse cultural backgrounds of the current populations of both
3216:
It is thought that the word Sheol (the afterlife referred to in
Biblical literature) comes from the word meaning "to inquire". Pre-Israelite Cannanites gave their ancestors offerings of food and drink, as well as symbolic vessel offerings which, even empty, provided both in the afterlife. In light
2942:
Two prayers- Kaddish and Yizkor- are recited on behalf of the dead by
Rabbinic Jews, including on anniversaries of a death. For some, the performance of prayers, especially prayers in their first year after death from their children, are thought to positively impact God's judgement of them, as well
1249:
or deities. In some Afro-diasporic cultures, ancestors are seen as being able to intercede on behalf of the living, often as messengers between humans and God. As spirits who were once human themselves, they are seen as being better able to understand human needs than would a divine being. In other
2269:
Filipino people still hold ancestors in particular esteemâthough without the formality common to their neighboursâdespite having been
Christianised since coming into contact with Spanish missionaries in 1521. In the present day, ancestor veneration is expressed in having photographs of the dead by
1760:
is based on ancestor-worship. The Ahoms believe that a person after his death remains as âDamâ(ancestor) only for a few days and soon he becomes âPhiâ (God). They also believe that the soul of a person which is immortal unites with the supreme soul, possesses the qualities of a spiritual being and
1433:
entwined with veneration of the dead, which one academic referred to as "ghost riders". A ghost who came to possess a person would be honored with a dedicated grave monument or sanctuary, where locals would make offerings and swear oaths. Those who swore false oaths may be punished by the ghost in
1318:
Ancestor veneration is prevalent throughout Africa, and serves as the basis of many religions. It is often augmented by a belief in a supreme being, but prayers and/or sacrifices are usually offered to the ancestors who may ascend to becoming a kind of minor deities themselves. Ancestor veneration
3196:
even invited passers-by to speak aloud the names of the deceased within (which also helped to perpetuate their memory), and to offer water, prayers or other things if they so desired. In the private homes of the less wealthy, niches were carved into the walls for the purpose of housing images of
2957:
In contemporary
Rabbinic Judaism, visiting the graves of tzaddikim (righteous figures akin to saints) has long remained popular, including the graves of ancestral figures like Abraham and Esther. These visits may also be accompanied by petitions of the dead, as their elevated status is thought to
2774:
Americans of various religions and cultures may build a shrine in their home dedicated to loved ones who have died, with pictures of their ancestors, flowers and mementos. Increasingly, many roadside shrines may be seen for deceased relatives who died in car accidents or were killed on that spot,
2546:
are left for them. On the festival day, ancient people would extinguish the hearth fires in their homes, participate in a community bonfire festival, and then carry a flame home from the communal fire and use it to light their home fires anew. This custom has continued to some extent into modern
1621:
are provided so that the deceased will be able to have these items after they have died. Often, paper versions of these objects are burned for the same purpose. Originally, real-life objects were buried with the dead. In time these goods were replaced by full size clay models which in turn were
1301:
Although there is no generally accepted theory concerning the origins of ancestor veneration, this social phenomenon appears in some form in all human cultures documented so far. David-Barrett and Carney claim that ancestor veneration might have served a group coordination role during
3168:
waited patiently behind Wesir's judgment seat to consume them. She was a composite creature resembling three of the deadliest animals in Egypt: the crocodile, the hippopotamus and the lion. Being fed to Ammit was to be consigned to the
Eternal Void, to be "unmade" as a
2422:
These offerings and practices are done frequently during important traditional or religious celebrations, the starting of a new business, or even when a family member needs guidance or counsel and is a hallmark of the emphasis
Vietnamese culture places on filial duty.
1826:
memorial stones are associated with ancestral worship in western India. These memorials are worshipped by people of associated community or descendants of a person on special days such as death day of person, event anniversaries, festivals, auspicious days in Kartika,
257:
2426:
A significant distinguishing feature of Vietnamese ancestor veneration is that women have traditionally been allowed to participate and co-officiate ancestral rites, unlike in Chinese Confucian doctrine, which allows only male descendants to perform such rites.
3066:(soul) of the deceased could return to receive offerings of the things s/he enjoyed while alive. If mummification was not affordable, a "ka-statue" in the likeness of the deceased was carved for this purpose. The Blessed Dead were collectively called the
3258:
during which a family honored its ancestors. The family visited the cemetery and shared cake and wine, both in the form of offerings to the dead and as a meal among themselves. The Parentalia drew to a close on February 21 with the more somber
2771:. While there is no clear answer as to why, this custom of leaving pebbles may date back to biblical days when individuals were buried under piles of stones. Today, they are left as tokens that people have been there to visit and to remember.
1420:
is a traditional method used to appease or honor the ancestors. Small, everyday gestures of respect include throwing the first capful of a newly opened bottle of rum into the northeast corner of the room to give the ancestors their due share.
1792:, the lover's skeletons of a man between 35 and 40 years old and women in early 20s were found who were likely married to each other and buried together, their grave contained pots which likely carried food and water as offering to the dead.
1593:. Due to the hardships of the late 19th- and 20th-century China, when meat and poultry were difficult to come by, sumptuous feasts are still offered in some Asian countries as a practice to the spirits or ancestors. However, in the orthodox
2950:- the merit of one's ancestors, used to explain both a belief that the dead pray on behalf of the deceased, and a prayer to God to remember the good deeds of one's ancestors and be merciful in judgement- into the related idea of
2459:), or "The Day of the Dead", is the day when all of the faithful dead are remembered. On that day, families go to cemeteries to light candles for their dead relatives, leave them flowers, and often to picnic. They also celebrate
1158:
is to ensure the ancestors' continued well-being and positive disposition towards the living, and sometimes to ask for special favours or assistance. The social or non-religious function of ancestor veneration is to cultivate
2923:âthat he once passed by the grave of the Prophet and saw a man with his cheek on the grave of the Prophet. Marwan Ibn al-Hakam asked: âDo you know what you are doing?â Nearing the grave, Marwan Ibn al-Hakam realized it was
2326:, meanwhile, have the most apparent and distinct customs related to ancestor veneration, carried over from traditional Chinese religion and most often melded with their current Catholic faith. Many still burn incense and
2178:(lit. "guardian" or "caretaker"). They can be the spirits of actual ancestors or generalized guardian spirits of a family. Ancient Filipinos believed that upon death, the soul of a person travels (usually by boat) to a
2415:, and great platters of food are made as offerings on the ancestor altar, which usually has pictures or plaques with the names of the deceased. In the case of missing persons, believed to be dead by their family, a
2282:, "fetch") by the spirits of dead relatives. It is said that when the dying call out the names of deceased loved ones, they can see the spirits of those particular people waiting at the foot of the deathbed.
2958:
give them more direct access to God. Rabbinic Jews stress that they do not worship the dead, and only respect and honor them- a distinction made by other cultures, including Japanese and African cultures.
2731:
at each grave. Memorial Day is traditionally observed on the last Monday in May, allotting for a 3-day weekend in which many memorial services and parades take place not only across the country, but in 26
2796:
Native Americans were not heavily concerned with the veneration of the dead, though they were known to bury the dead with clothes and tools as well as occasionally leave food and drink at the gravesite;
1552:
ceremony, the ancestral spirit supposedly would enter the personator, who would eat and drink sacrificial offerings and convey spiritual messages. Spiritual messages usually were conveyed in the form of
4398:
2203:
can be used to appease or banish them. Ancestor spirits also figured prominently during illness or death, as they were believed to be the ones who call the soul to the underworld, guide the soul (a
4760:
pp. 197â216: Ross, Anne "Material Culture, Myth and Folk Memory" (on modern survivals); pp. 217â242: Danaher, Kevin "Irish Folk Tradition and the Celtic Calendar" (on specific customs and rituals)
1683:. Only after these rituals are the family members allowed to eat. It is believed that this reminds the ancestors's spirits that they are not forgotten and are loved, so it brings them peace. On
6772:
1154:
cultures (which includes but should be distinguished from multiple cultures and Indigenous populations in the Americas who were never influenced by the African Diaspora), the goal of ancestor
6387:
6865:
2902:
2411:
of one's loved one was always an important occasion. Besides an essential gathering of family members for a banquet in memory of the deceased, incense sticks are burned along with
1465:
language overnight (continuously, without sleeping) in prelude to the gates of hell opening, an event that is presumed to occur once a year, and is linked to the cosmology of King
4663:
3217:
of this, "honor thy father and mother", is thought by some to have referenced this practice, particularly as it predates the ban of ancestor worship and necromancy by Josiah.
2020:
The majority of Catholics, Buddhists and nonbelievers practise ancestral rites, although Protestants do not. The Catholic ban on ancestral rituals was lifted in 1939, when the
2270:
the home altar, a common fixture in many Filipino Christian homes. Candles are often kept burning before the photographs, which are sometimes decorated with garlands of fresh
3060:
were housing in the Hereafter and so they were carefully constructed and decorated, just as homes for the living were. Mummification was a way to preserve the corpse so the
2946:
Ashkenazi Jews commonly name children after dead relatives, and are hoped to embody those dead's positive traits. Eastern European Jews specifically transform the concept of
2715:
is a Federal holiday for remembering the deceased men and women who served in the nation's military, particularly those who died in war or during active service. In the 147
3604:
DĂĄvid-Barrett, TamĂĄs; Carney, James (2015-08-14). "The deification of historical figures and the emergence of priesthoods as a solution to a network coordination problem".
2362:, lit. "spirit dance" or "ghost dance") takes place. It includes offerings for ancestors with spirit mediums sword fighting, spirit-possessed dancing, and spirit mediums
2049:
Sije (ìì , æç„; also called ìŹìì or ćæç„) â seasonal rites held for ancestors who are five or more generations removed (typically performed annually on the tenth lunar month)
3117:
was not properly prepared, this journey could be fraught with dangerous pitfalls and strange demons; hence some of the earliest religious texts discovered, such as the
1457:
people make offerings to their ancestors. Pchum Ben is a time when many Cambodians pay their respects to deceased relatives of up to seven generations. Monks chant the
7637:
5606:
5491:
3935:
3192:
to perform prayers and give offerings at their tombs. In return, the priests were allowed to keep a portion of the offerings as payment for services rendered. Some
5576:
2881:
Islam has a complex and mixed view on the idea of grave shrines and ancestor worship. The graves of many early Islamic figures are holy sites for Muslims, including
4168:
5586:
1396:. Approximately half of the country's population of 20 million currently practice traditional religion, which tends to emphasize links between the living and the
5397:
4331:
2455:), became known and is still known as the day to specifically venerate those who have died, and who have been deemed official saints by the Church. November 2, (
2195:
rituals may be used to invoke good ancestor spirits for protection, intercession, or advice. Vengeful spirits of the dead can manifest as apparitions or ghosts (
1171:. Ancestor veneration occurs in societies with every degree of social, political, and technological complexity, and it remains an important component of various
4357:
2058:
Ancestor worship in modern-day Myanmar is largely confined to some ethnic minority communities, but mainstream remnants of it still exist, such as worship of
4383:
4593:
4538:
Rodney C. Jubilado; Hanafi Hussin & Maria Khristina Manueli (2011). "The Sama-Bajaus of Sulu-Sulawesi Seas: perspectives from linguistics and culture".
5353:
2274:, the national flower. Ancestors, particularly dead parents, are still regarded as psychopomps, as a dying person is said to be brought to the afterlife (
6448:
2930:
Some followers of Islam are at odds with the concept of saint veneration, but this practice is retained in Turkey, particularly through Alevi Muslims.
2906:
1573:
In traditional Chinese culture, sacrifices are sometimes made to altars as food for the deceased. This falls under the modes of communication with the
1280:
may but from the limited perspective of certain Western European Christian traditions, convey a more accurate sense of what practitioners, such as the
1062:
4512:
3324:
wore the masks and regalia of the dead person's ancestors as the body was carried from the home, through the streets, and to its final resting place.
6779:
3320:
were also displayed. The masks, probably modeled of wax from the face of the deceased, were part of the funeral procession when an elite Roman died.
2289:
veneration of the dead finds its greatest expression in the Philippines is the Hallowmas season between 31 October and 2 November, variously called
5624:
5458:
4103:
6394:
5513:
2787:
2157:
7630:
5564:
5529:
5501:
2338:
In Sri Lanka, making offerings to one's ancestors is conducted on the sixth day after death as a part of traditional Sri Lankan funeral rites.
3810:
1687:
days, people pray that the souls of ancestors be appeased, forget any animosity and find peace. Each year, on the particular date (as per the
5431:
5414:
5380:
5601:
3485:
4811:
3880:
3557:
3537:
5188:
4660:
3465:
1400:(ancestors). The veneration of ancestors has led to the widespread tradition of tomb building, as well as the highlands practice of the
5581:
4836:
2330:
at family tombs and before photos at home, while they incorporate Chinese practises into Masses held during the All Souls' Day period.
613:
369:
5099:
7623:
2643:
2889:
with many companions and early caliphs. Many other mausoleums are major architectural, political, and cultural sites, including the
5486:
3280:
2775:
sometimes financed by the state or province as these markers serve as potent reminders to drive cautiously in hazardous areas. The
2615:
1578:
570:
3583:
5670:
4428:
Image â Object â Performance: Mediality and Communication in Cultural Contact Zones of Colonial Latin America and the Philippines
3001:
2836:
2596:
2077:
images of deceased kings and their consorts were worshipped three times a year by the royal family, during the Burmese New Year (
1292:
societies, as well as the African and European cultures see themselves as doing. This is consistent with the meaning of the word
1206:
1319:
remains among many Africans, sometimes practiced alongside the later adopted religions of Christianity (as in Nigeria among the
5596:
5508:
3757:
3511:
2716:
1055:
5645:
4033:
Drixler, Fabian (2019). "Imagined Communities of the Living and the Dead". In Berry, Mary Elizabeth; Yonemoto, Marcia (eds.).
3787:
2622:
9313:
8768:
6136:
4869:
4782:
4712:
4689:
4308:
4271:
4222:
4144:
4044:
3983:
3917:
3740:
3656:
1410:
troupe or other musical entertainment is commonly present. Veneration of ancestors is also demonstrated through adherence to
4635:
4468:
3932:
7705:
6854:
5277:
3955:
2733:
2266:
2121:
9183:
7740:
7319:
6889:
5904:
5481:
5282:
4161:
3047:
3041:
2901:
disputes the concept of saint veneration. Followers of this movement have destroyed many gravesite shrines, including in
2779:
in Washington, D.C., is particularly known for the leaving of offerings to the deceased; items left are collected by the
2294:
1273:
may not always convey such meaning in the exclusive and narrow context of certain Western European Christian traditions.
4058:
2629:
7660:
6804:
6114:
4629:
4568:
4462:
4435:
815:
389:
4883:
4327:
9308:
9148:
9143:
8898:
7750:
6086:
5203:
4757:
4736:
4119:
4036:
Imagined Communities of the Living and the Dead:: The Spread of the Ancestor-Venerating Stem Family in Tokugawa Japan
3204:
Many of these same religious beliefs and ancestor veneration practices are still carried on today in the religion of
3027:
2862:
2662:
1228:
1048:
20:
3009:
2844:
9191:
8095:
6765:
5665:
5231:
4936:
4707:
Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel (2008). The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
4353:
3046:
Although some historians claim that ancient Egyptian society was a "death cult" because of its elaborate tombs and
2611:
1574:
3905:
3296:
2538:, November 1 in Ireland and Scotland, the dead are thought to return to the world of the living, and offerings of
42:
9353:
9088:
7735:
7665:
6814:
6666:
4585:
4296:
2384:
102:
2704:
are also times when relatives and friends of the deceased may gather at the graves of their loved ones. In the
9318:
8130:
6380:
6074:
3268:
3005:
2840:
2600:
2286:
1766:
of Me-Dam Me Phi worship is offered only to Chaufi and Dam Chaufi because they are regarded as gods of heaven.
1665:, which is venerated. When a person dies, the family observes a thirteen-day mourning period, generally called
1210:
479:
7755:
7690:
5800:
3188:"alive" in this life as well as in the next. Royals, nobles and the wealthy made contracts with their local
707:
252:
2708:, one's local parish church often offers prayers for the dead on their death anniversary or All Souls' Day.
7273:
6583:
6573:
5640:
5465:
4516:
2724:
1515:
1510:
187:
7130:
9133:
7700:
7283:
6844:
5698:
2720:
2179:
1298:
in English, that is great respect or reverence caused by the dignity, wisdom, or dedication of a person.
4098:
1714:
Indian and Chinese practices of ancestor-worship are prevalent throughout Asia as a result of the large
1661:
Ancestors are widely revered, honoured, and venerated in India. The spirit of a dead person is called a
1644:
9158:
7670:
7344:
5392:
3156:
deemed worthy to be venerated by the living through rites and offerings. Those who became lost in the
2125:
1639:
1257:
Most cultures who practice ancestor veneration do not call it "ancestor worship". In English, the word
4424:"Depicting Netherworlds, or the Treatment of the Afterlife in a Colonial Contact Zone: The Paete Case"
2790:
1597:
and Buddhist rituals, only vegetarian food would suffice. For those with deceased in the afterlife or
9348:
9201:
9173:
7646:
6819:
6124:
6109:
6031:
5963:
5559:
5419:
5385:
5375:
4111:
3363:
3344:
3241:
2776:
2728:
1785:
1691:) when the person had died, the family members repeat this ritual. This period falls just before the
1096:
928:
785:
4982:
4199:
4085:
3818:
2636:
2189:
Souls in the spirit world still retain a degree of influence in the material world, and vice versa.
9323:
9128:
7780:
7605:
6429:
6129:
5853:
5272:
3267:, the potentially malevolent spirits of the dead who required propitiation. One of the most common
2990:
2825:
2676:
countries. In the United States, many people honor deceased loved ones who were in the military on
2130:
677:
529:
142:
34:
3563:
9338:
8983:
7470:
5999:
5897:
5826:
5693:
5448:
4563:. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology, Volume 109. Cambridge University Press.
4039:. Answers from Early Modern Japan (1 ed.). University of California Press. pp. 68â108.
2994:
2829:
2801:
supported a cult of the dead which worshipped or petitioned the dead through ritualistic dances.
2589:
2407:
In Vietnam, traditionally people did not celebrate birthdays (before Western influence), but the
1888:
1734:, and elsewhere across the continent. Furthermore, the large Indian population in places such as
1565:
1494:
1381:
1369:(ancient Seereer saints and/or ancestral spirits). There are various types of pangool (singular:
1199:
860:
810:
591:
424:
212:
5953:
4248:
3180:
could suffer after physical death was to be forgotten. For this reason, ancestor veneration in
9328:
9153:
8933:
8918:
8734:
8657:
7935:
7410:
7395:
7288:
6545:
5958:
5453:
5322:
5075:
3491:
1151:
805:
637:
632:
4815:
3973:
3720:
3531:
3164:, the Restless Dead. For the few whose truly evil hearts outweighed the Feather, the goddess
2507:, the autumn ancestor festivals occur around November 1. In Cornwall the festival is known as
2046:
Kije (êž°ì , ćżç„) â household rites held the night before an ancestor's death anniversary (êž°ìŒ, ćżæ„)
494:
9333:
9303:
7253:
6651:
6633:
6467:
5777:
5185:
4969:
4186:
3999:ĆtĆ, Osamu (2011). "Life and Death, Funeral Rites and Burial Systems in Early Modern Japan".
3865:
3459:
3358:
3321:
3225:
2780:
1586:
1038:
820:
657:
549:
544:
499:
469:
2379:
9282:
6939:
6924:
6829:
6796:
6219:
6169:
5224:
5152:
3122:
967:
692:
577:
539:
137:
87:
3673:
1622:
replaced by scale models, and in time today's paper offerings (including paper servants).
1557:, or to confirm whether the ancestors consent on the messages requested by the divinator.
8:
8888:
8704:
8692:
7248:
7150:
7112:
6909:
6849:
6334:
6147:
6043:
5831:
5745:
3724:
3438:
3368:
3160:
or deliberately tried to avoid judgment became the unfortunate (and sometimes dangerous)
2924:
2484:
1034:
874:
652:
584:
474:
1168:
9101:
8868:
8120:
7885:
7685:
6839:
6362:
6279:
6021:
6016:
5890:
5750:
5729:
5024:
4928:
4875:
4073:
4050:
3769:
3701:
3629:
3577:
3423:
3062:
2749:
2460:
2452:
2401:
2367:
2309:
2223:
1577:. Some of the veneration includes visiting the deceased at their graves, and making or
1454:
840:
731:
489:
264:
127:
6691:
5005:"The Living and the Dead: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Jewish Memorial Observances"
4537:
4490:
4242:
3287:
on February 22 was a celebration of the family line as it continued into the present.
1839:. These memorials are washed with milk and water on these days. They are smeared with
9252:
9118:
9038:
8472:
8025:
7789:
7760:
7582:
7578:
7573:
7515:
7218:
6944:
6284:
6244:
6239:
6204:
5984:
5979:
5755:
5675:
5591:
5312:
5016:
4920:
4865:
4830:
4778:
4753:
4732:
4708:
4685:
4625:
4564:
4458:
4431:
4304:
4267:
4218:
4140:
4115:
4040:
3979:
3913:
3736:
3729:
3705:
3693:
3652:
3633:
3621:
3428:
3413:
3398:
3373:
3309:
3205:
2768:
2693:
2488:
2480:
2408:
2323:
2317:
2010:
1876:
1871:
In Indonesia ancestor worship has been a tradition of some of the indigenous people.
1147:
1135:
726:
598:
459:
378:
296:
3953:
A young couple's grave found in the Rakhigarhi cemetery of the Harappan Civilization
3754:
3505:
1083:, is based on love and respect for the deceased. In some cultures, it is related to
449:
9112:
8948:
8337:
8045:
7560:
7425:
7278:
6884:
6788:
6314:
6294:
4857:
3783:
3685:
3613:
3080:) and were indeed depicted as golden stars on the roofs of many tombs and temples.
2741:
2275:
2070:
2006:
1719:
1582:
1535:
992:
751:
736:
687:
519:
3971:
3674:"Why minds create gods: Devotion, deception, death, and arational decision making"
3617:
2404:, as practically all Vietnamese have an ancestor altar in their home or business.
2258:. These were carved by the community upon a person's death. Every household had a
2096:
Some scholars attribute the disappearance of ancestor worship to the influence of
2069:
Ancestor worship was present in the royal court in pre-colonial Burma. During the
1091:, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living. Some groups
9343:
9106:
8928:
8582:
8542:
8487:
8145:
8110:
7822:
7765:
7745:
7405:
7400:
7190:
7180:
7140:
7120:
6904:
6894:
6707:
6656:
6563:
6519:
6189:
6119:
5871:
5794:
5569:
5217:
5192:
4913:
Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development
4667:
4615:
4558:
4452:
4423:
4107:
3959:
3939:
3761:
3313:
3251:
3098:
2882:
2705:
2697:
2555:. Lights in the window to guide the dead home are left burning all night. On the
2271:
2251:
2036:
2021:
2000:
1939:
1715:
1602:
1303:
1139:
1104:
1100:
1016:
987:
977:
800:
621:
484:
439:
394:
384:
182:
172:
97:
3952:
2793:
and other rituals for their dead ancestors, along with those of other families.
8307:
8227:
8140:
8005:
7832:
7339:
7293:
7213:
6747:
6641:
6424:
6403:
6324:
6304:
6214:
6053:
5994:
5838:
5816:
5685:
5552:
5409:
5404:
5317:
5253:
3349:
3129:
were actually written as guides to help the deceased successfully navigate the
3118:
2798:
2552:
2548:
2412:
2243:
2227:
1836:
1688:
1590:
1554:
1502:
1362:
1332:
1307:
1306:, and thus it was the mechanism that led to religious representation fostering
1281:
997:
972:
845:
404:
399:
3933:
Ancient lovers found in Indian burial site mystify and intrigue archaeologists
3689:
2062:(literally "great grandfather"), as well as of other guardian spirits such as
1095:
their direct, familial ancestors. Certain religious groups, in particular the
464:
9297:
9257:
9211:
9168:
9123:
9068:
8953:
8796:
8791:
8557:
8277:
8060:
7930:
7870:
7545:
7430:
7334:
7329:
7268:
7198:
7145:
6864:
6809:
6616:
6598:
6289:
6141:
6091:
6038:
5989:
5948:
5941:
5931:
5821:
5712:
5347:
5287:
5047:
5020:
4924:
4770:
4054:
4034:
3697:
3625:
3388:
3383:
3353:
3181:
3126:
3051:
2890:
2760:
2456:
2392:
2363:
2355:
2215:
2183:
1934:
1757:
1751:
850:
667:
625:
534:
524:
509:
504:
454:
348:
7615:
7568:
2087:. The images were stored in the treasury and worshiped at the Zetawunzaung (
2009:
scholars and kings of ancient times, respectively. The ceremony held on the
1473:. During this period, the gates of hell are opened and ghosts of the dead (
9216:
9206:
9196:
9163:
9138:
9053:
8993:
8988:
8973:
8958:
8883:
8837:
8622:
8432:
8312:
8252:
8000:
7925:
7904:
7530:
7480:
7475:
7460:
7435:
7314:
7233:
6726:
6558:
6339:
6209:
6199:
5302:
4962:"What do the Dead Know?: Ancestor Worship and Necromancy in Ancient Israel"
4879:
4646:
3408:
3378:
3247:
2712:
2677:
2063:
1654:
1649:
1606:
1541:
1485:
1412:
1358:
1340:
1328:
1289:
1251:
1164:
1112:
835:
768:
514:
444:
207:
202:
112:
6879:
6687:
6439:
6004:
4861:
4851:
4682:
Searching for Vietnam: selected writings on Vietnamese culture and society
4491:"The Tinguian; Social, Religious, and Economic life of a Philippine tribe"
3193:
953:
9242:
9073:
8377:
8220:
8050:
8020:
8015:
7880:
7730:
7695:
7550:
7349:
7238:
7228:
6988:
6702:
6646:
6419:
6026:
5762:
5370:
5307:
5292:
4775:
The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy
3339:
3230:
2886:
2556:
2515:
2472:
2448:
2161:
1908:
1851:
is lighted near it with sesame oil. Sometimes a flag is erected over it.
1762:
1320:
1123:. Other religious groups, however, consider veneration of the dead to be
948:
894:
825:
780:
429:
343:
326:
222:
192:
152:
4932:
4908:
3731:
Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation
2755:
9237:
9078:
8923:
8806:
8749:
8587:
8397:
8262:
8200:
8175:
8065:
7588:
7258:
7083:
7024:
6899:
6671:
6309:
6079:
5722:
5297:
5209:
5028:
5004:
3317:
3255:
3091:
was not automatic upon death; it involved a 70-day journey through the
2966:
Ancestor worship was a prominent feature of many historical societies.
2912:
2603: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2561:
2327:
2235:
2204:
2032:
1832:
1800:
1781:
1775:
1742:
has resulted in these practices spreading beyond their Asian homeland.
1696:
1545:
1470:
1402:
1393:
1385:
1294:
1213: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1155:
1092:
938:
434:
338:
167:
162:
147:
132:
122:
117:
92:
82:
3076:). They were described as "shining as gold in the belly of Nut" (Gr.
1982:
1979:
1958:
1955:
672:
9048:
9028:
8963:
8801:
8699:
8682:
8637:
8627:
8577:
8547:
8532:
8452:
8407:
8402:
8170:
7812:
7680:
7525:
7440:
7354:
6824:
6493:
6274:
6194:
6048:
5913:
5767:
5244:
4621:
4354:"The Soul According to the Ethnolinguistic Groups of the Philippines"
3433:
3418:
3110:
2898:
2894:
2737:
2689:
2685:
2521:
2509:
2464:
2416:
2316:(lit. "Day of the Dead"), which refers to the following solemnity of
2154:
2059:
1860:
1828:
1731:
1723:
1448:
1172:
1120:
1088:
1011:
913:
899:
830:
795:
775:
756:
741:
286:
197:
107:
67:
5717:
2979:
2814:
2578:
2254:. Ancestor spirits are usually represented by carved figures called
1188:
311:
9247:
8998:
8842:
8744:
8729:
8447:
8442:
8362:
8297:
8287:
8205:
8155:
7990:
7865:
7485:
7445:
7135:
7060:
6980:
6757:
6716:
6524:
6411:
6344:
6329:
6319:
4961:
3284:
3234:
3140:
passed judgment and was granted access to the Beautiful West as an
2916:
2500:
2468:
2440:
2435:
2347:
2171:
2097:
2079:
1884:
1727:
1704:
1692:
1430:
1407:
1285:
1143:
1124:
1080:
982:
933:
923:
889:
884:
879:
867:
790:
721:
714:
702:
321:
281:
276:
7715:
7165:
5436:
5426:
4384:"Anitism: a survey of religious beliefs native to the Philippines"
3649:
Modes of Religiosity. A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission
2745:
1361:
of Senegal, The Gambia and Mauritania who adhere to the tenets of
1324:
9262:
9232:
9063:
9033:
9023:
8938:
8847:
8786:
8672:
8667:
8602:
8597:
8567:
8512:
8462:
8437:
8302:
8272:
8267:
8165:
8030:
7965:
7940:
7540:
7510:
7415:
7364:
7203:
7175:
7155:
6970:
6661:
6372:
6249:
6184:
6069:
5936:
5772:
5100:"Libation by Kimani S. K. Nehusi (Ebook) - Read free for 30 days"
4488:
3403:
3291:
3260:
3050:, it was the opposite. The philosophy that "this world is but a
2876:
2701:
2534:
2476:
2040:
1840:
1789:
1680:
1671:
1498:
1490:
1366:
1352:
1336:
1262:
1242:
1160:
1023:
1004:
960:
855:
746:
72:
50:
9096:
9043:
8968:
8873:
8816:
8811:
8754:
8739:
8724:
8647:
8632:
8612:
8607:
8552:
8537:
8517:
8482:
8412:
8387:
8367:
8357:
8347:
8332:
8322:
8317:
8185:
8160:
8150:
8085:
8070:
8055:
7985:
7980:
7955:
7950:
7890:
7875:
7842:
7827:
7817:
7807:
7802:
7520:
7455:
7369:
7359:
7324:
7263:
7223:
7170:
7160:
7125:
7055:
6975:
6720:
6611:
6578:
6568:
6535:
6299:
6254:
5704:
5547:
5443:
5198:
3972:
Adalbert J. Gail; Gerd J. R. Mevissen; Richard Salomon (2006).
3189:
3102:
2920:
2681:
2164:, ancestor spirits were one of the two major types of spirits (
2135:
2105:
2101:
1993:
1880:
1848:
1844:
1822:
1739:
1700:
1635:
1594:
1527:
1519:
1084:
943:
697:
682:
662:
316:
177:
157:
77:
3393:
1653:
taking place at the Jagannath Ghat in Calcutta, at the end of
1392:
Veneration of ancestors is prevalent throughout the island of
1331:
and the Bakossi people) in much of the continent. In orthodox
9018:
9008:
9003:
8978:
8687:
8652:
8642:
8592:
8562:
8507:
8492:
8467:
8457:
8417:
8392:
8382:
8372:
8327:
8282:
8237:
8215:
8210:
8195:
8190:
8180:
8105:
8075:
7975:
7970:
7945:
7505:
7495:
7490:
7465:
7450:
7243:
7208:
7050:
7029:
7014:
6697:
6606:
6588:
6456:
6011:
5843:
5537:
5240:
3334:
3303:
3264:
3165:
2543:
2504:
2191:
2166:
2145:
2139:
2117:
2084:
2066:, all of which may be vestiges of historic ancestor worship.
2027:
Ancestral rites are typically divided into three categories:
1949:
1929:
1872:
1813:
1662:
1631:
1610:
1474:
1458:
1246:
1108:
918:
906:
642:
301:
291:
217:
5882:
4139:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 12â13.
9058:
9013:
8943:
8913:
8908:
8878:
8863:
8832:
8781:
8776:
8714:
8677:
8617:
8497:
8352:
8035:
8010:
7995:
7960:
7920:
7860:
7850:
7797:
7675:
7535:
7500:
7420:
7390:
7385:
7309:
7098:
6962:
6834:
6712:
6179:
5848:
5168:
R.G. Lewis, "Imperial Autobiography, Augustus to Hadrian,"
5048:"Jewish Magic and Superstition: 5. The Spirits of the Dead"
3136:
If the heart was in balance with the Feather of Ma'at, the
3109:
s heart would be weighed on a scale against the Feather of
3093:
3077:
3057:
2539:
2400:
Ancestor veneration is one of the most unifying aspects of
2350:, a religious ceremony honoring ancestral spirits known as
2074:
2005:, which are performed periodically each year for venerated
1966:
1923:
1914:
1809:
1735:
1618:
1598:
1466:
1462:
1417:
1116:
647:
306:
4301:
Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society
3184:
was an important rite of remembrance in order to keep the
2447:
In Catholic countries in Europe (continued later with the
1548:) sacrificial representative of a dead relative. During a
8422:
8257:
8247:
8242:
8080:
7855:
7001:
4661:
Trance Dancing and Spirit Possession in Northern Thailand
4450:
3781:
3068:
2024:
formally recognised ancestral rites as a civil practice.
1932:, ancestor veneration is referred to by the generic term
1808:
s, one dedicated to man and three to women at Chhatardi,
1614:
1266:
1128:
761:
8527:
4515:. SEAsite, Northern Illinois University. Archived from
4495:
Field Museum of Natural History: Anthropological Series
4217:. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 90â111.
3263:, a public festival of sacrifices and offerings to the
1261:
usually but not always refers to the reverent love and
19:"Cult of the dead" redirects here. For other uses, see
4328:"How to Travel the Underworld of Philippine Mythology"
3962:, Anatomy & Cell Biology, vol 51 (3), pp. 200-204.
2680:. Days with religious and spiritual significance like
1891:
are a few examples of the forms the veneration takes.
1679:, a small feast of specific preparations, to eligible
1313:
5002:
4426:. In Astrid Windus & Eberhard Crailsheim (ed.).
3912:. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications. pp. 72â73.
3148:("true of voice") to dwell among the gods and other
1365:(Seereer religion) believe in the veneration of the
4909:"Emplacing Islam: Saint Veneration In Rural Turkey"
4850:Hultkrantz, Ă
ke (1982). Vecsey, Christopher (ed.).
3603:
2093:, "Hall of Ancestors"), along with a book of odes.
1859:Tuluvas practice a form of ancestor worship called
4303:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
3728:
5157:The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic
4381:
9295:
5003:Savishinsky, Joel S.; Wimberley, Howard (1974).
3582:, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 19 April 2023,
2744:, died of wounds from enemy action sustained in
1601:, elaborate or even creative offerings, such as
4586:"Day of the Dead Traditions in the Philippines"
4560:Power and Intimacy in the Christian Philippines
4556:
4022:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 247â292.
3671:
3176:Besides being eaten by Ammit, the worst fate a
2788:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
2396:Ancestors altar of a Vietnamese Buddhist family
4742:
4213:Sadan, Mandy (2005). Skidmore, Monique (ed.).
3811:"Dead Join the Living in a Family Celebration"
3755:Some reflections on ancestor worship in Africa
2491:" (going door to door and begging for candy).
2262:stored in a shelf in the corner of the house.
1854:
1346:
7645:
7631:
6773:
6388:
5898:
5225:
4215:Burma at the turn of the twenty-first century
3975:Script and Image: Papers on Art and Epigraphy
3718:
3211:
2897:in India. However, the religious movement of
2740:. One example of this is on 16 August (1944)
2727:, it is common for volunteers to place small
2463:to shorten the time that souls need to leave
2088:
1056:
5076:"Visiting Graves Of Tzaddikim: How And Why?"
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4162:"The Challenge of Ancestor Worship in Korea"
4020:Death and the Afterlife in Japanese Buddhism
3833:
3672:Atran, Scott; Norenzayan, Ara (2004-12-01).
3279:"for the Manes gods", which appears even on
2494:
2186:after a period of time in the spirit world.
2174:communicate. Ancestor spirits were known as
1977:
1971:
1953:
1943:
1769:
1669:. A year thence, they observe the ritual of
3510:, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, May 2023,
3008:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2843:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
7638:
7624:
6780:
6766:
6395:
6381:
5905:
5891:
5232:
5218:
5170:Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt
4853:Belief and Worship in Native North America
4849:
4723:
4721:
4703:
4701:
4489:Fay-Cooper Cole & Albert Gale (1922).
4266:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 69â70.
3866:"Caring for the Dead Ritually in Cambodia"
3802:
3646:
3229:Detail from an early second-century Roman
2767:In Judaism, when a grave site is visited,
2748:, the same day he is credited with saving
2108:, impermanence and rejection of a 'self'.
2035:held four times a year on major holidays (
1373:), each with its own means of veneration.
1241:Ancestor reverence is not the same as the
1063:
1049:
4421:
4377:
4375:
4280:
3978:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 187â190.
3562:, Oxford University Press, archived from
3490:, Oxford University Press, archived from
3028:Learn how and when to remove this message
2863:Learn how and when to remove this message
2769:a small pebble is placed on the headstone
2663:Learn how and when to remove this message
2527:
1229:Learn how and when to remove this message
1115:; the latter also believes in prayer for
5239:
5073:
4583:
4531:
4322:
4320:
3782:Bureau of African Affairs (3 May 2011).
3224:
2754:
2559:the festival is known as "old Sauin" or
2434:
2391:
2383:
2129:
1907:
1799:
1643:
1564:
1484:
1380:
1167:, family loyalty, and continuity of the
571:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
4777:. Oxford, Blackwell. pp. 327â341.
4718:
4698:
4613:
4550:
4236:
4234:
4137:Cultural Blending in Korean Death Rites
4130:
4128:
4032:
3113:(representing Truth). However, if the
1847:and flowers are scattered over it. The
9296:
4835:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4769:
4763:
4505:
4457:. Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. 58â59.
4444:
4372:
4240:
4017:
3903:
3897:
3808:
3775:
3727:, Christopher Burghard Steiner (ed.),
3201:and to serve as altars of veneration.
2915:, Al-Hakim, and others narrated about
2083:), at the beginning and at the end of
7619:
6932:
6761:
6376:
5886:
5213:
5074:Neustadt, Rabbi Doniel (2017-06-25).
5069:
5067:
5042:
5040:
5038:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4955:
4953:
4902:
4900:
4731:, Vol. 3. William MacLellan, Glasgow
4679:
4356:. The Aswang Project. 15 April 2017.
4330:. The Aswang Project. 14 April 2018.
4317:
4295:
4261:
4212:
3586:from the original on 18 December 2015
2293:(based on the word for " first", the
2013:of a family member's death is called
6787:
4906:
4482:
4415:
4360:from the original on 24 October 2020
4346:
4334:from the original on 24 October 2020
4231:
4134:
4125:
4100:Ancestor Worship and Korean Society,
3863:
3790:from the original on 26 October 2020
3006:adding citations to reliable sources
2973:
2841:adding citations to reliable sources
2808:
2601:adding citations to reliable sources
2572:
2430:
2122:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
1795:
1707:marks the end of the fortnight-long
1211:adding citations to reliable sources
1182:
260:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
5186:Smithsonian: Ancestor Worship Today
4791:
4684:. Trans Pacific Press. p. 75.
4206:
4159:
3998:
3945:
3926:
3848:
3042:Ancient Egyptian funerary practices
2961:
2905:and in territory controlled by the
2734:American cemeteries on foreign soil
2210:Ancestor spirits are also known as
2199:) and cause harm to living people.
2017:(ì°šëĄ). It is still practised today.
1314:West and Southeast African cultures
13:
6402:
5122:Michele Renee Salzman, "Religious
5064:
5035:
4989:
4950:
4897:
4801:(1896) G & R Johnson, Douglas.
4540:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
4451:Maria Christine N. Halili (2004).
3809:Bearak, Barry (5 September 2010).
2207:), or meet the soul upon arrival.
1323:), and Islam (among the different
390:Archaeology of religion and ritual
41:
14:
9365:
9149:Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld
9144:The Contendings of Horus and Seth
5179:
4959:
2524:is derived from these festivals.
1722:populations in countries such as
1437:
21:Cult of the dead (disambiguation)
9276:
9192:Beautiful Festival of the Valley
7714:
7600:
7599:
6863:
6742:
6741:
6438:
6357:
6356:
5867:
5866:
5197:
4748:O'Driscoll, Robert (ed.) (1981)
4727:McNeill, F. Marian (1961, 1990)
4110:Roger Janelli, Dawnhee Janelli,
3300:) in the tablinum of their home
2978:
2969:
2813:
2577:
2568:
2388:A Vietnamese altar for ancestors
1575:Chinese spiritual world concepts
1540:(ć°ž; "corpse, personator") was a
1187:
5162:
5146:
5133:
5116:
5092:
4939:from the original on 2021-04-21
4886:from the original on 2020-10-18
4843:
4804:
4673:
4653:
4638:from the original on 2023-08-30
4607:
4596:from the original on 2022-05-18
4577:
4471:from the original on 2023-12-30
4404:from the original on 2018-07-07
4255:
4174:from the original on 2012-06-17
4153:
4092:
4061:from the original on 2020-07-31
4026:
4011:
3992:
3965:
3886:from the original on 2019-04-20
3857:
3842:
3748:
3721:"Ancestors as Elders in Africa"
3712:
3540:from the original on 2015-11-08
3514:from the original on 2015-10-02
3468:from the original on 2015-11-18
3220:
3072:, or "shining ones" (singular:
2588:needs additional citations for
1424:
1198:needs additional citations for
103:Evolutionary origin of religion
4513:"Mindanao Customs and Beliefs"
4160:Bae, Choon Sup (August 2007).
3665:
3640:
3606:Religion, Brain & Behavior
3597:
3570:
3550:
3536:, Cambridge University Press,
3524:
3498:
3478:
3464:, Cambridge University Press,
3452:
3308:. Some sources indicate these
3152:. At this point only was the
3105:), Lord of the Dead where the
3097:, or Otherworld, which led to
2954:, inherited ancestral status.
2111:
1978:
1972:
1954:
1944:
258:Treatise on the Apparitions of
16:Cultural or religious practice
1:
5912:
5801:Hammersmith Ghost murder case
5128:A Companion to Roman Religion
4856:. Syracuse University Press.
4617:Studying Buddhism in Practice
4018:Walter, Mariko Namba (2008).
3951:Vasant Shinde1, et al, 2018,
3784:"Background Note: Madagascar"
3678:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
3618:10.1080/2153599X.2015.1063001
3445:
2149:or ancestor spirits (c. 1900)
1376:
708:Traditional African religions
253:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
9314:Buddhist belief and doctrine
4584:Bautista, Iss (2018-10-23).
3864:Holt, John Clifford (2012).
3839:Bradt (2011), pp. 13â20
3817:. p. A7. Archived from
3786:. U.S. Department of State.
3316:, while others suggest that
3294:displayed ancestral images (
2333:
1866:
1560:
1526:) and ancestor worship (æç„,
1511:Ancestor veneration in China
7:
9134:Book of Traversing Eternity
5699:Electronic voice phenomenon
5492:locations in United Kingdom
5126:and Religious Dissent," in
3910:Festivals In Indian Society
3851:Ghost Riders of Upper Egypt
3647:Whitehouse, Harvey (2004).
3327:
2791:perform posthumous baptisms
2341:
1855:Tuluva culture in Tulu Nadu
1518:, ancestor veneration (æŹç„,
1442:
1347:Serer of Senegal and Gambia
1178:
1175:practices in modern times.
10:
9370:
9159:Litany of the Eye of Horus
7712:
6039:Lighting candles on graves
5130:(Blackwell, 2007), p. 116.
4382:Stephen K. Hislop (1971).
4262:Spiro, Melford E. (1978).
4167:. University of Pretoria.
3766:African Systems of Thought
3239:
3212:Ancient Israelite Religion
3039:
2933:
2874:
2449:Anglican Church in England
2377:
2373:
2126:Souls in Filipino cultures
2115:
2053:
1921:
1773:
1749:
1640:Indian rituals after death
1629:
1508:
1446:
1350:
1265:accorded a deity (god) or
18:
9271:
9225:
9202:Coronation of the pharaoh
9182:
9174:Spell of the Twelve Caves
9087:
8897:
8856:
8825:
8767:
7911:
7899:
7841:
7788:
7779:
7723:
7653:
7647:Ancient Egyptian religion
7597:
7559:
7378:
7302:
7189:
7111:
6953:
6923:
6872:
6861:
6795:
6739:
6680:
6632:
6625:
6597:
6544:
6447:
6436:
6410:
6353:
6267:
6228:
6168:
6159:
6102:
6062:
6032:Connecticut field pumpkin
5972:
5922:
5862:
5809:
5786:
5738:
5684:
5658:
5633:
5617:
5522:
5474:
5363:
5340:
5331:
5260:
5251:
4614:Harding, John S. (2013).
4112:Stanford University Press
3849:Winkler, Hans Alexander.
3690:10.1017/S0140525X04470174
3364:Chinese rites controversy
3345:Chinese ancestral worship
3281:some Christian tombstones
3242:Roman funerals and burial
2777:Vietnam Veterans Memorial
2495:Brythonic Celtic cultures
2359:
2089:
1786:Indus Valley civilization
1770:Indus Valley Civilization
1453:During Pchum Ben and the
1276:In that sense the phrase
1097:Eastern Orthodox Churches
786:Armenian Apostolic Church
9309:Anthropology of religion
9283:Ancient Egypt portal
9129:Book of the Heavenly Cow
5671:Ancient Egyptian culture
5159:(London, 1908), p. 418.
4799:Manx Ballads & Music
4750:The Celtic Consciousness
4680:Rambo, A. Terry (2005).
4557:Fenella Cannell (1999).
4135:Park, Chang-Won (2010).
3942:, CNN, January 10, 2019.
3735:, Blackwell Publishing,
3399:Joss paper#Health impact
2804:
2612:"Veneration of the dead"
1903:
1894:
1745:
1699:falling in the month of
1625:
1581:for the deceased in the
1497:, which is dedicated to
1480:
678:Native American religion
333:Revitalization movements
188:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
35:Anthropology of religion
8984:Horus on the Crocodiles
7471:Horus on the Crocodiles
5694:Apparitional experience
5172:II.34.1 (1993), p. 658.
4907:Hart, Kimberly (2015).
4264:Burmese Supernaturalism
3873:Southeast Asian Studies
3233:depicting the death of
3083:The process by which a
1987:). Notable examples of
1889:Karo people (Indonesia)
1887:and the coffins of the
1495:Mengjia Longshan Temple
1493:during a veneration at
592:The Journal of Religion
213:Theories about religion
9354:Veneration of the dead
9154:Great Hymn to the Aten
8934:Crown of justification
8658:Souls of Pe and Nekhen
7936:Amenhotep, son of Hapu
7771:Veneration of the dead
7411:Crown of justification
7345:North African elephant
7289:Throne Hall of Dongola
6915:Veneration of the dead
6231:Veneration of the Dead
5323:Procession of the dead
4977:Cite journal requires
4241:Harvey, G. E. (1925).
4194:Cite journal requires
3719:Igor Kopytoff (1997),
3350:Chinese ancestral hall
3237:
2764:
2711:In the United States,
2528:Gaelic Celtic cultures
2444:
2397:
2389:
2285:Filipino Catholic and
2150:
1919:
1817:
1658:
1570:
1506:
1389:
1254:is what is important.
1077:veneration of the dead
638:Alaska Native religion
633:Afro-American religion
228:Veneration of the dead
46:
9319:Chinese folk religion
7254:Philae temple complex
5964:Christian observances
5778:Paranormal television
5487:locations in Scotland
5009:Jewish Social Studies
4862:10.2307/j.ctv9b2xgt.9
4247:. Longmans. pp.
3904:Sharma, Usha (2008).
3359:Chinese folk religion
3322:Professional mourners
3271:on Latin epitaphs is
3269:inscriptional phrases
3228:
3048:mummification rituals
2925:Abu Ayyub al-Ansariyy
2919:âUmayyad governor of
2781:National Park Service
2758:
2438:
2395:
2387:
2133:
1911:
1803:
1647:
1568:
1488:
1384:
1113:intercessors with God
1087:that the dead have a
1039:cultural anthropology
658:Chinese folk religion
550:Anthony F. C. Wallace
545:Daniel Martin Varisco
470:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
372:of the Religious Life
45:
7756:Opening of the mouth
6830:Flooding of the Nile
6554:Ancestral veneration
6461:Chicamassi-chinuinji
6220:Parade of Lost Souls
6171:Festival of the Dead
5763:Stories about ghosts
5587:District of Columbia
5206:at Wikimedia Commons
5153:William Warde Fowler
5139:Salzman, "Religious
4752:New York, Braziller
4670:", 19 November 2010.
4297:Scott, William Henry
3879:. Kyoto University.
3566:on November 21, 2012
3123:The Book of the Dead
3002:improve this section
2893:in Pakistan and the
2837:improve this section
2597:improve this article
2158:indigenous religions
1429:In Egypt, a form of
1339:is venerated by the
1290:Confucian-influenced
1207:improve this article
693:Shamanism in Siberia
540:Edward Burnett Tylor
370:The Elementary Forms
138:Magic (supernatural)
88:Comparative religion
8889:The Indestructibles
8693:Hermes Trismegistus
7379:Symbols and objects
7249:Musawwarat es-Sufra
7151:Kingdom of al-Abwab
6850:Prophecy of Neferti
6363:Category: Halloween
6148:Treehouse of Horror
6044:Prayer for the dead
5832:Kardecist spiritism
5676:Classical antiquity
3725:Roy Richard Grinker
3651:. Alta Mira Press.
3439:Zhong Yuan Festival
3369:Communion of saints
3121:(commonly known as
2917:Marwan Ibn al-Hakam
2717:National Cemeteries
2547:times, in both the
2368:spiritual cockfight
2160:of the precolonial
1918:altar for ancestors
1469:originating in the
1286:Buddhist-influenced
1278:ancestor veneration
1089:continued existence
875:Hindu denominations
816:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
585:The Hibbert Journal
495:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
480:Fustel de Coulanges
29:Part of a series on
9102:Books of Breathing
8121:Four sons of Horus
6075:Haunted attraction
5746:Films about ghosts
5730:Spirit photography
5191:2021-04-26 at the
4666:2014-01-07 at the
4519:on 24 October 2020
4454:Philippine History
4430:. Waxmann Verlag.
4422:Imke Rath (2013).
4106:2023-05-06 at the
4001:Early Modern Japan
3958:2021-09-16 at the
3938:2021-09-16 at the
3821:on 27 January 2012
3770:University of Kent
3760:2009-04-25 at the
3494:on October 3, 2015
3292:noble Roman family
3238:
3101:before Wesir (Gr.
2891:National Mausoleum
2765:
2752:from destruction.
2750:Chartres Cathedral
2513:, and in Wales as
2445:
2402:Vietnamese culture
2398:
2390:
2346:In rural northern
2312:"), and sometimes
2265:The predominantly
2151:
2031:Charye (ì°šëĄ, è¶çŠź) â
1920:
1818:
1711:to the ancestors.
1659:
1617:, paper money and
1571:
1507:
1455:Cambodian New Year
1390:
1079:, including one's
929:Non-denominational
841:Oriental Orthodoxy
395:Poles in mythology
128:Laying on of hands
47:
9291:
9290:
9253:Mysteries of Isis
9226:Related religions
9119:Book of the Earth
8763:
8762:
7613:
7612:
7583:Meroitic alphabet
7579:Meroitic language
7574:Egyptian language
7569:Blemmyes language
7107:
7106:
6820:Egyptian religion
6755:
6754:
6735:
6734:
6430:Kongo Catholicism
6370:
6369:
6263:
6262:
6240:Death anniversary
6205:Qingming Festival
5980:Trick-or-treating
5880:
5879:
5654:
5653:
5313:Residual haunting
5278:Haunted locations
5268:Ancestral spirits
5202:Media related to
4871:978-1-68445-013-8
4797:Moore, A.W. (ed)
4784:978-0-631-18946-6
4713:978-0-7083-1953-6
4691:978-1-920901-05-9
4590:ModernFilipina.ph
4310:978-971-550-135-4
4273:978-1-56000-882-8
4224:978-0-8248-2897-4
4146:978-1-4411-1749-6
4046:978-0-520-31608-9
3985:978-81-208-2944-2
3919:978-81-8324-113-7
3742:978-1-55786-686-8
3658:978-0-7591-0615-4
3429:Transfer of merit
3414:Qingming Festival
3374:Death anniversary
3206:Kemetic Orthodoxy
3194:tomb inscriptions
3038:
3037:
3030:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2647:
2489:trick-or-treating
2467:and the enter in
2431:European cultures
2409:death anniversary
2324:Chinese Filipinos
2314:Ăraw ng mga PatĂĄy
1796:Paliya in Gujarat
1569:Burning offerings
1388:reburial ceremony
1239:
1238:
1231:
1073:
1072:
861:Russian Orthodoxy
811:Eastern Orthodoxy
460:Arnold van Gennep
379:Purity and Danger
9361:
9349:Taoist practices
9281:
9280:
9279:
9113:Book of the Dead
8949:Egyptian obelisk
8338:Kothar-wa-Khasis
7786:
7785:
7751:Offering formula
7746:Mortuary temples
7736:Embalming ritual
7718:
7640:
7633:
7626:
7617:
7616:
7603:
7602:
7426:Egyptian obelisk
7279:Temple of Dendur
6930:
6929:
6885:Execration texts
6867:
6789:Kushite religion
6782:
6775:
6768:
6759:
6758:
6745:
6744:
6630:
6629:
6442:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6374:
6373:
6365:
6360:
6359:
6232:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6087:Pumpkin festival
5925:
5916:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5884:
5883:
5870:
5869:
5338:
5337:
5283:Haunted highways
5234:
5227:
5220:
5211:
5210:
5204:Ancestor worship
5201:
5173:
5166:
5160:
5150:
5144:
5137:
5131:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5071:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5052:sacred-texts.com
5044:
5033:
5032:
5015:(3/4): 281â300.
5000:
4987:
4986:
4980:
4975:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4904:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4834:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4814:. Archived from
4808:
4802:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4767:
4761:
4746:
4740:
4729:The Silver Bough
4725:
4716:
4705:
4696:
4695:
4677:
4671:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4388:
4379:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4324:
4315:
4314:
4293:
4278:
4277:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4244:History of Burma
4238:
4229:
4228:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4173:
4166:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4132:
4123:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4015:
4009:
4008:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3969:
3963:
3949:
3943:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3885:
3870:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3779:
3773:
3764:, Meyer Fortes,
3752:
3746:
3745:
3734:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3456:
3354:Ancestral tablet
3033:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3013:
2982:
2974:
2962:Ancient cultures
2868:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2848:
2817:
2809:
2742:Colonel Griffith
2668:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2605:
2581:
2573:
2485:jack-o'-lanterns
2461:Suffrage Massese
2361:
2306:Todos los Santos
2092:
2091:
2071:Konbaung dynasty
1986:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1947:
1946:
1816:, Gujarat, India
1579:buying offerings
1327:peoples and the
1234:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1191:
1183:
1163:values, such as
1065:
1058:
1051:
806:Coptic Orthodoxy
520:Marshall Sahlins
362:Related articles
26:
25:
9369:
9368:
9364:
9363:
9362:
9360:
9359:
9358:
9324:Confucian rites
9294:
9293:
9292:
9287:
9277:
9275:
9267:
9221:
9178:
9107:Book of Caverns
9083:
8929:Crook and flail
8900:
8893:
8852:
8821:
8759:
8111:Dionysus-Osiris
7907:
7895:
7837:
7775:
7719:
7710:
7649:
7644:
7614:
7609:
7593:
7589:Nubian language
7555:
7406:Crook and flail
7401:Christian cross
7374:
7298:
7185:
7103:
6949:
6919:
6895:Mortuary temple
6868:
6859:
6791:
6786:
6756:
6751:
6731:
6676:
6657:Hot foot powder
6621:
6593:
6564:Kongo cosmogram
6540:
6443:
6434:
6406:
6401:
6371:
6366:
6355:
6349:
6280:All Saints' Day
6259:
6230:
6224:
6170:
6161:
6155:
6098:
6058:
6022:Jack-o'-lantern
5968:
5923:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5881:
5876:
5858:
5805:
5795:Booty v Barnaby
5782:
5739:Popular culture
5734:
5680:
5650:
5629:
5613:
5570:Day of the Dead
5518:
5509:Slavic religion
5470:
5359:
5333:
5327:
5256:
5247:
5238:
5193:Wayback Machine
5182:
5177:
5176:
5167:
5163:
5151:
5147:
5138:
5134:
5121:
5117:
5108:
5106:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5084:
5082:
5072:
5065:
5056:
5054:
5046:
5045:
5036:
5001:
4990:
4978:
4976:
4967:
4966:
4960:Sarlo, Daniel.
4958:
4951:
4942:
4940:
4919:(1/2): 71â111.
4905:
4898:
4889:
4887:
4872:
4848:
4844:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4812:"Archived copy"
4810:
4809:
4805:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4768:
4764:
4747:
4743:
4726:
4719:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4678:
4674:
4668:Wayback Machine
4658:
4654:
4641:
4639:
4632:
4612:
4608:
4599:
4597:
4582:
4578:
4571:
4555:
4551:
4536:
4532:
4522:
4520:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4487:
4483:
4474:
4472:
4465:
4449:
4445:
4438:
4420:
4416:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4386:
4380:
4373:
4363:
4361:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4337:
4335:
4326:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4294:
4281:
4274:
4260:
4256:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4211:
4207:
4195:
4193:
4184:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4133:
4126:
4108:Wayback Machine
4097:
4093:
4081:
4080:
4071:
4070:
4064:
4062:
4047:
4031:
4027:
4016:
4012:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3970:
3966:
3960:Wayback Machine
3950:
3946:
3940:Wayback Machine
3931:
3927:
3920:
3902:
3898:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3868:
3862:
3858:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3807:
3803:
3793:
3791:
3780:
3776:
3768:, pp. 122â142,
3762:Wayback Machine
3753:
3749:
3743:
3717:
3713:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3645:
3641:
3602:
3598:
3589:
3587:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3543:
3541:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3517:
3515:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3471:
3469:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3330:
3244:
3223:
3214:
3044:
3034:
3023:
3017:
3014:
2999:
2983:
2972:
2964:
2936:
2879:
2869:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2834:
2818:
2807:
2706:Catholic Church
2698:Day of the Dead
2669:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2606:
2604:
2594:
2582:
2571:
2530:
2497:
2453:All Saints' Day
2451:), November 1 (
2443:in rural Spain.
2433:
2382:
2376:
2344:
2336:
2128:
2116:Main articles:
2114:
2056:
2037:Korean New Year
2022:Catholic Church
1926:
1906:
1897:
1869:
1857:
1798:
1778:
1772:
1754:
1748:
1642:
1628:
1591:Ghost Festivals
1563:
1544:(1045â256
1513:
1483:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1427:
1379:
1355:
1349:
1316:
1304:human evolution
1235:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1204:
1192:
1181:
1105:Anglican Church
1101:Catholic Church
1069:
1029:
1028:
821:Greek Orthodoxy
801:Catholic Church
617:
616:
605:
604:
565:
564:
555:
554:
530:Stanley Tambiah
485:Clifford Geertz
440:Joseph Campbell
425:Augustin Calmet
420:
419:
418:Major theorists
410:
409:
385:Myth and ritual
371:
364:
363:
354:
353:
259:
243:
242:
233:
232:
183:Sacred language
173:Rite of passage
98:Divine language
63:
62:
53:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9367:
9357:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9339:Kongo religion
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9289:
9288:
9286:
9285:
9272:
9269:
9268:
9266:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9229:
9227:
9223:
9222:
9220:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9188:
9186:
9180:
9179:
9177:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9093:
9091:
9085:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9016:
9011:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8905:
8903:
8895:
8894:
8892:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8860:
8858:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8829:
8827:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8773:
8771:
8765:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8696:
8695:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8308:Khenti-Amentiu
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8224:
8223:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8096:Cavern deities
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7901:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7847:
7845:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7794:
7792:
7783:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7720:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7666:Creation myths
7663:
7657:
7655:
7651:
7650:
7643:
7642:
7635:
7628:
7620:
7611:
7610:
7598:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7591:
7586:
7576:
7571:
7565:
7563:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7382:
7380:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7340:Nile crocodile
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7306:
7304:
7303:Sacred animals
7300:
7299:
7297:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7274:Temple of Amun
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7219:Dodekaschoinos
7216:
7214:Deir el-Bahari
7211:
7206:
7201:
7195:
7193:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7117:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6991:
6986:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6965:
6960:
6954:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6947:
6942:
6936:
6934:
6927:
6921:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6869:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6815:Creation myths
6812:
6807:
6801:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6785:
6784:
6777:
6770:
6762:
6753:
6752:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6642:Black cat bone
6638:
6636:
6627:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6603:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6574:Nature spirits
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6550:
6548:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6533:
6530:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6491:
6488:
6485:
6482:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6470:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6453:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6416:
6414:
6408:
6407:
6404:Kongo religion
6400:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6377:
6368:
6367:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6325:Mischief Night
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6305:Eid il-Burbara
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6285:All Souls' Day
6282:
6277:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6236:
6234:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6215:ZhĆng yuĂĄn jiĂ©
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6190:DĂa de Muertos
6187:
6182:
6176:
6174:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6144:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6117:
6112:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6072:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6054:Pangangaluluwa
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6019:
6017:Halloween Tree
6014:
6009:
6008:
6007:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5928:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5910:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5887:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5839:The Ghost Club
5836:
5835:
5834:
5824:
5819:
5817:Fear of ghosts
5813:
5811:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5715:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5696:
5690:
5688:
5686:Parapsychology
5682:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5553:Ghost sickness
5550:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5407:
5405:Ghost Festival
5402:
5401:
5400:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:South Africa (
5350:
5344:
5342:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5318:Vengeful ghost
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5293:Haunted trains
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5261:Manifestations
5258:
5257:
5254:List of ghosts
5252:
5249:
5248:
5237:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5195:
5181:
5180:External links
5178:
5175:
5174:
5161:
5145:
5132:
5115:
5091:
5063:
5034:
4988:
4979:|journal=
4949:
4896:
4870:
4842:
4803:
4790:
4783:
4771:Hutton, Ronald
4762:
4741:
4717:
4697:
4690:
4672:
4659:Marti Patel, "
4652:
4631:978-1136501883
4630:
4606:
4576:
4570:978-0521646222
4569:
4549:
4530:
4504:
4481:
4464:978-9712339349
4463:
4443:
4437:978-3830979296
4436:
4414:
4397:(2): 144â156.
4371:
4345:
4316:
4309:
4279:
4272:
4254:
4230:
4223:
4205:
4196:|journal=
4152:
4145:
4124:
4091:
4045:
4025:
4010:
3991:
3984:
3964:
3944:
3925:
3918:
3896:
3856:
3841:
3832:
3815:New York Times
3801:
3774:
3747:
3741:
3711:
3684:(6): 754â770.
3664:
3657:
3639:
3612:(4): 307â317.
3596:
3569:
3549:
3523:
3497:
3477:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3275:, abbreviated
3222:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3119:Papyrus of Ani
3040:Main article:
3036:
3035:
2986:
2984:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2935:
2932:
2875:Main article:
2871:
2870:
2821:
2819:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2799:Pueblo Indians
2783:and archived.
2729:American flags
2694:All Souls' Day
2671:
2670:
2585:
2583:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2549:Celtic nations
2529:
2526:
2496:
2493:
2432:
2429:
2375:
2372:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2318:All Souls' Day
2267:Roman Catholic
2113:
2110:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
1905:
1902:
1900:or cremation.
1896:
1893:
1868:
1865:
1856:
1853:
1837:Hindu calendar
1797:
1794:
1788:(IVC) site in
1774:Main article:
1771:
1768:
1750:Main article:
1747:
1744:
1689:Hindu calendar
1627:
1624:
1562:
1559:
1555:poe divination
1509:Main article:
1482:
1479:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:Asian cultures
1436:
1426:
1423:
1378:
1375:
1359:Seereer people
1351:Main article:
1348:
1345:
1333:Serer religion
1315:
1312:
1308:group cohesion
1237:
1236:
1195:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1169:family lineage
1152:Afro-diasporic
1117:departed souls
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
963:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
910:
909:
903:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
871:
870:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
846:Pentecostalism
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
772:
771:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
717:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
629:
628:
626:folk religions
618:
612:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
595:
588:
581:
574:
566:
562:
561:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
450:Ămile Durkheim
447:
442:
437:
432:
430:Akbar S. Ahmed
427:
421:
417:
416:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
405:Elite religion
402:
400:Lived religion
397:
392:
387:
382:
375:
365:
361:
360:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
346:
341:
335:
334:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
273:
272:
268:
267:
262:
255:
249:
248:
244:
240:
239:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
64:
61:Basic concepts
60:
59:
58:
55:
54:
49:Shrine of St.
48:
38:
37:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9366:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9329:Death customs
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9301:
9299:
9284:
9274:
9273:
9270:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9258:Temple of Set
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9230:
9228:
9224:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9212:Opet Festival
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9189:
9187:
9185:
9181:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9169:Pyramid Texts
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9124:Book of Gates
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9114:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9094:
9092:
9090:
9086:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9069:Vulture crown
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8954:Egyptian pool
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8902:
8896:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8855:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8824:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8792:Hieracosphinx
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8774:
8772:
8770:
8766:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8694:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8558:Renpetneferet
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7913:
7910:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7846:
7844:
7840:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7795:
7793:
7791:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7778:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7728:
7726:
7722:
7717:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7641:
7636:
7634:
7629:
7627:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7608:
7607:
7596:
7590:
7587:
7584:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7564:
7562:
7558:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7546:Vulture crown
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7431:Egyptian pool
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7377:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7330:Hieracosphinx
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7301:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7284:Temple of Mut
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7188:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7110:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6952:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6922:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6871:
6866:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6783:
6778:
6776:
6771:
6769:
6764:
6763:
6760:
6750:
6749:
6738:
6728:
6725:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6596:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6543:
6537:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6520:Nzambi Mpungu
6518:
6515:
6512:
6509:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6446:
6441:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6398:
6393:
6391:
6386:
6384:
6379:
6378:
6375:
6364:
6352:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6335:Old Halloween
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6295:Devil's Night
6293:
6291:
6290:Beggars Night
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6245:Death customs
6243:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6227:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6167:
6164:
6158:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6143:
6142:Great Pumpkin
6140:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6093:
6092:Pumpkin Queen
6090:
6089:
6088:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6061:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5990:Apple bobbing
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5943:
5942:Allhallowtide
5940:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5921:
5917:
5908:
5903:
5901:
5896:
5894:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5873:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5822:Spectrophilia
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5731:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5713:Ghost hunting
5711:
5707:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5683:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:South America
5616:
5608:
5607:San Francisco
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5577:United States
5575:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:North America
5521:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5355:
5351:
5349:
5348:Madam Koi Koi
5346:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5298:Haunted ships
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:Haunted house
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5223:
5221:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5205:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5171:
5165:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5142:
5136:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5068:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4984:
4971:
4963:
4956:
4954:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4901:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4846:
4838:
4832:
4818:on 2015-07-21
4817:
4813:
4807:
4800:
4794:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4759:
4758:0-8076-1136-0
4755:
4751:
4745:
4738:
4737:0-948474-04-1
4734:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4693:
4687:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4656:
4648:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4610:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4580:
4572:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4541:
4534:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4501:(2): 235â493.
4500:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4418:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4391:Asian Studies
4385:
4378:
4376:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4312:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4275:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4237:
4235:
4226:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4201:
4188:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4129:
4121:
4120:0-8047-2158-0
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4095:
4087:
4075:
4060:
4056:
4055:j.ctvr7fdd1.8
4052:
4048:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3987:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3968:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3948:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3929:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3852:
3845:
3836:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3805:
3789:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3751:
3744:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3726:
3722:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3660:
3654:
3650:
3643:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3527:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3451:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Suffrage Mass
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Haus Tambaran
3387:
3385:
3384:Funerary cult
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:funeral masks
3315:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3218:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:ancient Egypt
3179:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:Pyramid Texts
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3052:vale of tears
3049:
3043:
3032:
3029:
3021:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2987:This section
2985:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2970:Ancient Egypt
2967:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2907:Islamic State
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2867:
2864:
2856:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2822:This section
2820:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2762:
2761:Tequisquiapan
2757:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2667:
2664:
2656:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614: â
2613:
2609:
2608:Find sources:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2586:This section
2584:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2569:North America
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:ghost stories
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2457:All Souls Day
2454:
2450:
2442:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2364:cock fighting
2357:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2100:doctrines of
2099:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:Neo-Confucian
2004:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1758:Ahom religion
1753:
1752:Me-Dam-Me-Phi
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:refrigerators
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1435:
1432:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1233:
1230:
1222:
1219:December 2023
1212:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1196:This section
1194:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
962:
959:
958:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
908:
905:
904:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
869:
866:
865:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
851:Protestantism
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
770:
767:
766:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
716:
713:
712:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
627:
623:
620:
619:
615:
609:
608:
601:
600:
596:
594:
593:
589:
587:
586:
582:
580:
579:
575:
573:
572:
568:
567:
559:
558:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
535:Victor Turner
533:
531:
528:
526:
525:Melford Spiro
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
510:Roy Rappaport
508:
506:
505:Steven Ozment
503:
501:
500:Robert Marett
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
455:Mircea Eliade
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
414:
413:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
380:
376:
374:
373:
367:
366:
358:
357:
350:
349:Handsome Lake
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
332:
331:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
270:
269:
266:
263:
261:
256:
254:
251:
250:
246:
245:
237:
236:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
65:
57:
56:
52:
44:
40:
39:
36:
33:
32:
28:
27:
22:
9334:Filial piety
9304:Anthropology
9217:Sed festival
9207:Min festival
9197:Cattle count
9164:Litany of Re
9139:Coffin Texts
9111:
9054:Solar barque
8994:Imiut fetish
8989:Hypocephalus
8974:Hemhem crown
8959:Eye of Horus
8884:Land of Manu
8838:Djadjaemankh
8719:
8709:
8662:
8572:
8522:
8502:
8477:
8433:Nebethetepet
8427:
8342:
8313:Khenti-kheti
8292:
8232:
8135:
8131:Gate deities
8125:
8115:
8100:
8090:
8040:
7915:
7905:Theban Triad
7770:
7731:Canopic jars
7604:
7531:Solar barque
7481:Imiut fetish
7476:Hypocephalus
7461:Hemhem crown
7436:Eye of Horus
7315:Barbary lion
7234:Jebel Barkal
7093:
7088:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7039:
7034:
7019:
7009:
6996:
6957:
6914:
6810:Christianity
6746:
6727:Maria Lionza
6559:Kalunga line
6553:
6340:Punkie Night
6268:Other events
6229:
6210:Totensonntag
6200:Pitru Paksha
6180:Bon Festival
6146:
5827:Spiritualism
5793:
5703:
5666:Mesopotamian
5602:Pennsylvania
5332:By continent
5303:Hungry ghost
5273:Ghost lights
5267:
5169:
5164:
5156:
5148:
5140:
5135:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5107:. Retrieved
5103:
5094:
5083:. Retrieved
5079:
5055:. Retrieved
5051:
5012:
5008:
4970:cite journal
4941:. Retrieved
4916:
4912:
4888:. Retrieved
4852:
4845:
4820:. Retrieved
4816:the original
4806:
4798:
4793:
4774:
4765:
4749:
4744:
4728:
4681:
4675:
4655:
4647:Google Books
4645:– via
4640:. Retrieved
4616:
4609:
4598:. Retrieved
4589:
4579:
4559:
4552:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4521:. Retrieved
4517:the original
4507:
4498:
4494:
4484:
4473:. Retrieved
4453:
4446:
4427:
4417:
4406:. Retrieved
4394:
4390:
4362:. Retrieved
4348:
4336:. Retrieved
4300:
4263:
4257:
4243:
4214:
4208:
4187:cite journal
4176:. Retrieved
4155:
4136:
4099:
4094:
4063:. Retrieved
4035:
4028:
4019:
4013:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3974:
3967:
3947:
3928:
3909:
3899:
3888:. Retrieved
3876:
3872:
3859:
3850:
3844:
3835:
3823:. Retrieved
3819:the original
3814:
3804:
3792:. Retrieved
3777:
3765:
3750:
3730:
3714:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3648:
3642:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3588:, retrieved
3578:
3572:
3564:the original
3558:
3552:
3542:, retrieved
3532:
3526:
3516:, retrieved
3506:
3500:
3492:the original
3486:
3480:
3470:, retrieved
3460:
3454:
3409:Bon Festival
3379:Funerary art
3301:
3295:
3289:
3276:
3272:
3245:
3221:Ancient Rome
3215:
3203:
3198:
3185:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3114:
3106:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3056:
3045:
3024:
3015:
3000:Please help
2988:
2965:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2911:
2903:Saudi Arabia
2880:
2859:
2850:
2835:Please help
2823:
2795:
2785:
2773:
2766:
2713:Memorial Day
2710:
2678:Memorial Day
2674:
2659:
2653:January 2020
2650:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2607:
2595:Please help
2590:verification
2587:
2560:
2533:
2531:
2514:
2508:
2498:
2446:
2425:
2421:
2406:
2399:
2351:
2345:
2337:
2322:
2313:
2308:(literally "
2305:
2301:
2300:or possibly
2297:
2290:
2284:
2279:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2219:
2216:Cordillerans
2211:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2180:spirit world
2175:
2170:) with whom
2165:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2095:
2078:
2068:
2057:
2026:
2019:
2014:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1965:
1933:
1927:
1913:
1898:
1870:
1858:
1849:earthen lamp
1821:
1819:
1805:
1779:
1755:
1713:
1708:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1655:Pitru Paksha
1648:
1572:
1549:
1542:Zhou dynasty
1536:
1531:
1523:
1514:
1505:, and others
1452:
1428:
1425:North Africa
1411:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1370:
1356:
1341:Serer people
1317:
1300:
1293:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1258:
1256:
1252:filial piety
1240:
1225:
1216:
1205:Please help
1200:verification
1197:
1165:filial piety
1133:
1076:
1074:
968:Conservative
836:Nestorianism
769:Christianity
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
515:Saba Mahmood
490:Robin Horton
475:James Frazer
445:Mary Douglas
377:
368:
265:Neo-Paganism
241:Case studies
227:
208:Superstition
203:Soul dualism
113:Great Spirit
9243:Hermeticism
9074:Was-sceptre
8901:and objects
8378:Mehet-Weret
8221:Harpocrates
8051:Banebdjedet
8016:Arensnuphis
7696:Osiris myth
7551:Was-sceptre
7229:Elephantine
6989:Arensnuphis
6940:Elephantine
6703:Espiritismo
6647:Goofer dust
6532:Phulu Bunzi
6498:Mbantilanda
6494:Mamba Muntu
6420:Antonianism
6027:Stingy Jack
6012:Ghost tours
5924:Main topics
5787:Court cases
5334:and culture
5308:Poltergeist
4880:j.ctv9b2xgt
4546:(1): 83â95.
4082:|work=
3273:Dis Manibus
3231:sarcophagus
3018:August 2020
2952:yichus ovus
2948:zechut avot
2853:August 2020
2786:Members of
2759:Ofrenda in
2557:Isle of Man
2520:Modern-day
2516:Calan Gaeaf
2224:Maguindanao
2184:reincarnate
2162:Philippines
2112:Philippines
2090:áá±ááááșáá±áŹááș
2011:anniversary
1952::
1942::
1763:Ahom people
1489:Burning of
1321:Igbo people
895:Vaishnavism
826:Lutheranism
781:Anglicanism
465:René Girard
344:Ghost Dance
223:Transtheism
193:Sacred site
153:Nympholepsy
9298:Categories
9238:Gnosticism
9079:Winged sun
8924:Corn mummy
8826:Characters
8750:Werethekau
8588:Sebiumeker
8398:Meretseger
8263:Ikhemu-sek
8201:Hermanubis
7701:Philosophy
7691:Numerology
7259:Qasr Ibrim
6900:Pilgrimage
6845:Philosophy
6672:Ring shout
6510:Moni-Mambu
6475:Kuitikuiti
6310:Hop-tu-Naa
6137:Television
6080:Hell house
5973:Traditions
5954:Activities
5723:Mediumship
5641:Polynesian
5582:California
5534:Caribbean
5466:Vietnamese
5143:," p. 115.
5109:2024-03-18
5085:2024-03-18
5057:2024-03-19
4943:2020-10-03
4890:2020-10-09
4822:2009-12-31
4642:2019-08-20
4600:2022-06-08
4475:2020-09-06
4408:2018-05-12
4178:2012-02-24
4065:2020-10-03
3906:"Mahalaya"
3890:2019-04-20
3825:13 January
3590:3 November
3579:veneration
3559:veneration
3544:2015-11-03
3518:2015-11-03
3472:2015-11-03
3446:References
3256:Parentalia
3240:See also:
3125:) and the
3087:became an
2913:Imam Ahmad
2738:World Wars
2725:Gettysburg
2623:newspapers
2562:Hop-tu-Naa
2510:Kalan Gwav
2483:, carving
2479:, wearing
2413:hell notes
2380:NhĂ thá» há»
2378:See also:
2310:All Saints
2272:sampaguita
2236:Sama-Bajau
2234:among the
2222:among the
2214:among the
2205:psychopomp
2143:depicting
1922:See also:
1885:Minahasans
1877:Toba Batak
1835:months of
1833:Bhadrapada
1782:Rakhigarhi
1776:Rakhigarhi
1697:Durga Puja
1630:See also:
1471:Pali Canon
1447:See also:
1403:famadihana
1394:Madagascar
1386:Famadihana
1377:Madagascar
1363:A Æat Roog
1295:veneration
1284:and other
1156:veneration
1017:ĆvetÄmbara
653:Böö mörgöl
435:Talal Asad
339:Cargo cult
168:Polytheism
163:Pilgrimage
148:Monotheism
133:Liminality
123:Initiation
118:Henotheism
93:Divination
83:Communitas
9184:Festivals
9049:Shen ring
9029:Ouroboros
8964:Eye of Ra
8919:Cartouche
8857:Locations
8802:Serpopard
8769:Creatures
8700:Tjenenyet
8683:Ta-Bitjet
8628:Shesmetet
8548:Renenutet
8533:Raet-Tawy
8453:Nehmetawy
8403:Meskhenet
8171:Hedjhotep
8026:Assessors
7724:Practices
7686:Mythology
7681:Maa Kheru
7661:Afterlife
7561:Languages
7526:Shen ring
7441:Eye of Ra
7396:Cartouche
7355:Serpopard
7191:Locations
7084:Sabomakal
6873:Practices
6840:Mythology
6825:Eye of Ra
6805:Afterlife
6688:Candomblé
6681:Religions
6478:Lubangala
6412:Religions
6275:Allantide
6195:Gai Jatra
6049:Soul cake
5959:Geography
5915:Halloween
5768:Halloween
5756:Indonesia
5565:locations
5502:locations
5459:locations
5432:locations
5415:locations
5398:locations
5381:locations
5354:locations
5245:ghostlore
5080:Torah.org
5021:0021-6704
4925:0894-6019
4622:Routledge
4084:ignored (
4074:cite book
3794:24 August
3706:145808393
3698:1469-1825
3634:146979343
3626:2153-599X
3434:Ullambana
3419:Shamanism
3310:portraits
3197:familial
3146:maâa heru
2989:does not
2899:Wahhabism
2895:Taj Mahal
2824:does not
2721:Arlington
2690:Candlemas
2686:Christmas
2522:Halloween
2465:Purgatory
2439:A scenic
2419:is made.
2417:Wind tomb
2352:Faun Phii
2334:Sri Lanka
2287:Aglipayan
2252:Bicolanos
2155:animistic
2060:Bo Bo Gyi
2033:tea rites
1912:A Korean
1867:Indonesia
1861:Buta Kola
1732:Indonesia
1724:Singapore
1693:Navaratri
1561:Offerings
1449:Pchum Ben
1173:religious
1121:Purgatory
1107:venerate
1081:ancestors
1012:Digambara
954:YazdĂąnism
934:Quranists
914:Ahmadiyya
900:Ayyavazhi
831:Methodism
796:Calvinism
776:Adventism
757:Vajrayana
742:Theravada
732:Pure Land
614:Religions
287:Bobohizan
198:Shamanism
108:Fetishism
68:Afterlife
9248:Kemetism
9089:Writings
8999:Khepresh
8843:Rededjet
8745:Wepwawet
8730:Wadj-wer
8448:Nehebkau
8443:Nefertem
8363:Mandulis
8298:Kebechet
8288:Iusaaset
8206:Heryshaf
8156:Hatmehit
7991:Apedemak
7866:Nephthys
7761:Pyramids
7741:Funerals
7606:Category
7486:Khepresh
7136:Blemmyes
7113:Cultures
7044:Makedeke
6981:Apedemak
6905:Pyramids
6890:Funerals
6748:Category
6717:Convince
6667:Mojo bag
6626:Diaspora
6546:Elements
6525:Nzambici
6490:Ma Kiela
6464:Dinganga
6345:Saci Day
6330:Namahage
6320:Korochun
5985:Costumes
5872:Category
5625:Colombia
5427:Japanese
5393:Filipino
5189:Archived
4937:Archived
4933:24643137
4884:Archived
4831:cite web
4773:(1993).
4739:pp.11-46
4664:Archived
4636:Archived
4594:Archived
4469:Archived
4399:Archived
4358:Archived
4332:Archived
4299:(1994).
4169:Archived
4114:, 1992.
4104:Archived
4059:Archived
3956:Archived
3936:Archived
3881:Archived
3788:Archived
3758:Archived
3584:archived
3538:archived
3533:venerate
3512:archived
3466:archived
3404:Molieben
3328:See also
3297:imagines
3285:Caristia
3252:festival
3235:Meleager
3144:who was
3099:judgment
2887:cemetery
2885:, and a
2763:, Mexico
2553:diaspora
2551:and the
2501:Cornwall
2481:costumes
2477:bonfires
2469:Paradise
2441:cemetery
2348:Thailand
2342:Thailand
2244:Tagalogs
2212:kalading
2201:Paganito
2192:Paganito
2176:umalagad
2134:Various
2098:Buddhist
2080:Thingyan
2073:, solid
1991:include
1829:Shravana
1728:Malaysia
1705:Mahalaya
1681:Brahmins
1603:servants
1516:In China
1443:Cambodia
1431:adorcism
1408:hiragasy
1263:devotion
1179:Overview
1144:Oceanian
1136:European
1125:idolatry
1093:venerate
993:Orthodox
983:Haymanot
924:Mahdavia
890:Smartism
885:Shaktism
880:Shaivism
868:Hinduism
791:Baptists
727:Nichiren
722:Mahayana
715:Buddhism
703:Tengrism
578:Folklore
563:Journals
322:Slametan
282:Babaylan
277:Angakkuq
9263:Thelema
9233:Atenism
9064:Ushabti
9034:Pschent
9024:Neshmet
8939:Deshret
8899:Symbols
8848:Ubaoner
8787:Griffin
8673:Taweret
8668:Tatenen
8603:Serapis
8598:Sekhmet
8568:Resheph
8513:Qed-her
8463:Nekhbet
8438:Nebtuwi
8303:Khensit
8273:Imhotep
8268:Imentet
8166:Hedetet
8031:Astarte
7966:Andjety
7941:Amesemi
7781:Deities
7766:Temples
7654:Beliefs
7541:Ushabti
7511:Pschent
7416:Deshret
7365:Taweret
7204:Ballana
7181:X-Group
7176:Nobatia
7156:Makuria
7141:C-Group
7131:B-Group
7121:A-Group
6985:Aqedise
6971:Amesemi
6967:Amanete
6925:Deities
6910:Temples
6880:Burials
6797:Beliefs
6662:Kumbaya
6487:Makanga
6484:Lusunzi
6481:Lusiemo
6472:Kimbazi
6449:Deities
6250:Kaddish
6185:Chuseok
6160:Related
6070:Bonfire
5949:Symbols
5937:Samhain
5932:History
5810:Related
5773:Samhain
5659:History
5634:Oceania
5592:Indiana
5560:Mexican
5544:Navajo
5514:Romania
5498:France
5482:English
5420:Bengali
5386:Tibetan
5376:Chinese
5371:Burmese
5341:African
5104:Everand
5029:4466838
4007:: 7â20.
3507:worship
3487:worship
3461:worship
3261:Feralia
3254:of the
3190:priests
3010:removed
2995:sources
2934:Judaism
2877:Ziyarat
2845:removed
2830:sources
2719:, like
2702:Samhain
2637:scholar
2535:Samhain
2532:During
2487:, and "
2374:Vietnam
2295:Spanish
2276:Tagalog
2228:Maranao
2172:shamans
2153:In the
2054:Myanmar
2041:Chuseok
2001:Jongmyo
1883:of the
1875:of the
1845:kumkuma
1841:sindoor
1790:Haryana
1720:Chinese
1709:tarpana
1685:ĆrÄddha
1677:ĆrÄddha
1672:tarpana
1667:ĆrÄddha
1650:ĆrÄddha
1499:Guan Yu
1491:incense
1367:pangool
1353:Pangool
1337:pangool
1282:Chinese
1271:worship
1259:worship
1243:worship
1161:kinship
1148:African
1085:beliefs
1024:Sikhism
1005:Jainism
988:Karaite
978:Hasidic
961:Judaism
856:Quakers
752:Tibetan
747:Tiantai
737:Shingon
673:KejawĂšn
599:Oceania
73:Animism
51:Amandus
9344:Shinto
9097:Amduat
9044:Serekh
9039:Scarab
8969:Hedjet
8874:Benben
8817:Uraeus
8812:Sphinx
8797:Medjed
8755:Wosret
8740:Wepset
8725:Wadjet
8648:Sopdet
8633:Shezmu
8613:Seshat
8608:Serket
8553:Renpet
8538:Rekhyt
8518:Qetesh
8483:Pakhet
8413:Mnevis
8388:Menhit
8368:Medjed
8358:Mafdet
8348:Maahes
8333:Khonsu
8323:Kherty
8318:Khepri
8186:Hemsut
8161:Hauron
8151:Hathor
8086:Buchis
8071:Ba-Pef
8056:Bastet
7986:Anuket
7981:Anubis
7956:Amu-Aa
7951:Am-heh
7900:Triads
7891:Tefnut
7876:Osiris
7843:Ennead
7828:Naunet
7818:Kauket
7808:Hauhet
7803:Amunet
7790:Ogdoad
7521:Serekh
7516:Scarab
7456:Hedjet
7370:Uraeus
7360:Sphinx
7335:Medjed
7325:Falcon
7320:Cattle
7294:Tombos
7264:Qustul
7224:Dotawo
7171:Napata
7126:Alodia
7056:Menhit
7006:Breith
6993:Ariten
6933:Triads
6721:Kumina
6652:Hoodoo
6634:Hoodoo
6612:Nkondi
6584:Nlongo
6579:Nganga
6569:Mfinda
6536:Yahweh
6516:Ntangu
6513:Ngonde
6507:Mbumba
6501:Mbenza
6361:
6300:Dziady
6255:Yizkor
6162:events
6125:albums
6063:Events
5854:Spirit
5718:SĂ©ance
5705:kaidan
5597:Oregon
5548:Chindi
5530:Canada
5475:Europe
5444:Korean
5410:Indian
5241:Ghosts
5027:
5019:
4931:
4923:
4878:
4868:
4781:
4756:
4735:
4711:
4688:
4628:
4567:
4523:11 May
4461:
4434:
4364:11 May
4338:11 May
4307:
4270:
4221:
4143:
4118:
4053:
4043:
3982:
3916:
3739:
3704:
3696:
3655:
3632:
3624:
3352:&
3340:ĂsatrĂș
3283:. The
3248:Romans
3103:Osiris
2921:Medina
2692:, and
2682:Easter
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2610:
2360:àžàčàžàžàžàž”
2260:taotao
2256:taotao
2250:among
2246:; and
2242:among
2240:ninunĂČ
2220:tonong
2197:mantiw
2136:Igorot
2124:, and
2106:anatta
2102:anicca
2015:charye
1994:Munmyo
1976:;
1948:;
1940:Korean
1881:Waruga
1823:Paliya
1806:Paliya
1740:Guyana
1716:Indian
1701:Ashvin
1638:, and
1636:Devata
1611:houses
1595:Taoist
1589:, and
1587:Autumn
1583:Spring
1528:pinyin
1524:jĂŹngzÇ
1520:pinyin
1459:suttas
1398:razana
1371:fangol
1335:, the
1127:and a
1109:saints
1035:Social
998:Reform
973:Haredi
944:Sufism
698:Shinto
688:Shindo
683:Noaidi
663:Hanitu
622:Ethnic
317:Pawang
312:JhÄkri
271:Ritual
178:Ritual
158:Oracle
78:Augury
9019:Nemes
9009:Menat
9004:Kneph
8979:Hennu
8869:Akhet
8735:Weneg
8688:Thoth
8653:Sopdu
8643:Sobek
8593:Seker
8583:Satis
8563:Repyt
8508:Qebui
8493:Petbe
8488:Perit
8473:Neper
8468:Nemty
8458:Neith
8418:Montu
8393:Meret
8383:Mehit
8373:Mehen
8353:Ma'at
8328:Khnum
8283:Iunit
8238:Iabet
8216:Horus
8211:Hesat
8196:Heqet
8191:Henet
8181:Hemen
8106:Dedun
8076:Bennu
7976:Anput
7971:Anhur
7946:Ammit
7931:Akhty
7671:Isfet
7506:Nemes
7496:Menat
7491:Kneph
7466:Hennu
7451:Hafir
7269:Semna
7244:Lisht
7209:Bigeh
7199:Aniba
7166:Meroë
7161:Medja
7146:Kerma
7065:Miket
7061:Merul
7051:Mehit
7030:Hemen
7015:Dedun
6976:Anaka
6698:Comfa
6692:Bantu
6617:Tumba
6607:Nkisi
6589:Simbi
6529:Nzazi
6504:Mboze
6468:Jesus
6457:Bunzi
6425:Kongo
6315:Kekri
6130:songs
6120:Music
6115:Films
6110:Books
6103:Media
5995:Cards
5844:Geist
5751:India
5646:Maori
5538:Duppy
5449:Malay
5437:OnryĆ
5364:Asian
5141:Koine
5124:koine
5025:JSTOR
4929:JSTOR
4876:JSTOR
4402:(PDF)
4387:(PDF)
4251:â328.
4172:(PDF)
4165:(PDF)
4051:JSTOR
3884:(PDF)
3869:(PDF)
3723:, in
3702:S2CID
3630:S2CID
3335:Anito
3314:busts
3312:were
3304:domus
3265:Manes
3166:Ammit
3111:Maâat
3058:Tombs
2805:Islam
2746:LĂšves
2700:, or
2644:JSTOR
2630:books
2544:light
2505:Wales
2366:in a
2302:honra
2298:andas
2291:UndĂĄs
2280:sundĂŽ
2232:umboh
2167:anito
2146:anito
2140:bulul
2118:Anito
2085:Vassa
2003:jerye
1996:jerye
1989:jerye
1950:Hanja
1935:jerye
1930:Korea
1904:Korea
1895:Japan
1873:Podom
1814:Kutch
1804:Four
1784:, an
1746:Assam
1632:Pitrs
1626:India
1619:shoes
1532:bĂ izÇ
1481:China
1475:preta
1329:Bamum
1325:Mandé
1247:deity
1245:of a
1140:Asian
949:Sunni
919:Ibadi
907:Islam
668:Hausa
643:Anito
302:Dukun
292:Bomoh
247:Magic
218:Totem
9059:Tyet
9014:Nebu
8944:Djed
8914:Atef
8909:Ankh
8879:Duat
8864:Aaru
8833:Dedi
8782:Abtu
8777:Aani
8715:Unut
8705:Tutu
8678:Tayt
8623:Shed
8618:Shai
8498:Ptah
8253:Igai
8176:Heka
8146:Hapi
8066:Bata
8046:Babi
8036:Aten
8011:Aqen
8001:Apis
7996:Apep
7961:Anat
7926:Aker
7921:Aati
7861:Isis
7851:Atum
7798:Amun
7706:Soul
7676:Maat
7536:Tyet
7501:Nebu
7446:Gold
7421:Djed
7391:Atef
7386:Ankh
7310:Abtu
7239:Kawa
7099:Wusa
7047:Mash
7025:Heka
6963:Aman
6945:Naqa
6855:Soul
6835:Maat
6713:Myal
6708:Palo
6005:cake
6000:Food
5849:Soul
5454:Thai
5243:and
5017:ISSN
4983:help
4921:ISSN
4866:ISBN
4837:link
4779:ISBN
4754:ISBN
4733:ISBN
4709:ISBN
4686:ISBN
4626:ISBN
4565:ISBN
4525:2018
4459:ISBN
4432:ISBN
4366:2018
4340:2018
4305:ISBN
4268:ISBN
4219:ISBN
4200:help
4141:ISBN
4116:ISBN
4086:help
4041:ISBN
3980:ISBN
3914:ISBN
3827:2012
3796:2011
3737:ISBN
3694:ISSN
3653:ISBN
3622:ISSN
3592:2015
3277:D.M,
3246:The
3199:akhu
3162:mutu
3158:duat
3150:akhu
3131:duat
3094:duat
3078:Nuit
3069:akhu
2993:any
2991:cite
2828:any
2826:cite
2723:and
2616:news
2542:and
2540:food
2503:and
2356:Thai
2248:nono
2226:and
2104:and
2075:gold
2064:nats
1998:and
1967:jesa
1924:Jesa
1915:jesa
1820:The
1810:Bhuj
1756:The
1738:and
1736:Fiji
1718:and
1663:Pitr
1599:hell
1503:Mazu
1467:Yama
1463:Pali
1418:zebu
1413:fady
1357:The
1288:and
1150:and
1103:and
1075:The
1037:and
939:Shia
648:Atua
624:and
307:Miko
297:Bora
143:Mana
8807:Sha
8638:Sia
8578:Sah
8543:Rem
8423:Mut
8408:Min
8278:Ipy
8258:Ihy
8248:Iat
8243:Iah
8081:Bes
8061:Bat
8021:Ash
8006:Apt
7886:Shu
7881:Set
7871:Nut
7856:Geb
7823:Kek
7813:Heh
7350:Ram
7002:Bes
6599:Art
4858:doi
4249:327
3686:doi
3614:doi
3394:IfĂĄ
3142:akh
3107:kaâ
3089:akh
3074:akh
3004:by
2883:Ali
2839:by
2599:by
2499:In
2328:kim
2304:),
1964:or
1928:In
1843:or
1831:or
1780:At
1695:or
1615:car
1550:shi
1546:BCE
1537:shi
1461:in
1267:God
1209:by
1134:In
1129:sin
1119:in
1111:as
762:Zen
9300::
8528:Ra
8228:Hu
8141:Ha
7833:Nu
6719:,
5155:,
5102:.
5078:.
5066:^
5050:.
5037:^
5023:.
5013:36
5011:.
5007:.
4991:^
4974::
4972:}}
4968:{{
4952:^
4935:.
4927:.
4917:44
4915:.
4911:.
4899:^
4882:.
4874:.
4864:.
4833:}}
4829:{{
4720:^
4700:^
4634:.
4624:.
4620:.
4592:.
4588:.
4544:15
4542:.
4499:14
4497:.
4493:.
4467:.
4393:.
4389:.
4374:^
4319:^
4282:^
4233:^
4191::
4189:}}
4185:{{
4127:^
4078::
4076:}}
4072:{{
4057:.
4049:.
4005:19
4003:.
3908:.
3875:.
3871:.
3813:.
3700:.
3692:.
3682:27
3680:.
3676:.
3628:.
3620:.
3608:.
3290:A
3208:.
3186:ka
3178:ka
3173:.
3171:ka
3154:ka
3138:ka
3133:.
3115:ka
3085:ka
3063:ka
2909:.
2696:,
2688:,
2684:,
2565:.
2475:,
2370:.
2358::
2278::
2238:;
2230:;
2218:;
2120:,
2039:,
1973:ì ìŹ
1945:ì ëĄ
1879:,
1863:.
1812:,
1730:,
1726:,
1703:.
1634:,
1613:,
1609:,
1605:,
1585:,
1530::
1522::
1501:,
1343:.
1310:.
1146:,
1142:,
1138:,
1131:.
1099:,
327:Wu
8720:W
8710:U
8663:T
8573:S
8523:R
8503:Q
8478:P
8428:N
8343:M
8293:K
8233:I
8136:H
8126:G
8116:F
8101:D
8091:C
8041:B
7916:A
7639:e
7632:t
7625:v
7585:)
7581:(
7094:W
7089:T
7079:S
7074:R
7069:N
7040:M
7035:K
7020:H
7010:D
6997:B
6958:A
6781:e
6774:t
6767:v
6723:)
6715:(
6694:)
6690:(
6396:e
6389:t
6382:v
5906:e
5899:t
5892:v
5356:)
5233:e
5226:t
5219:v
5112:.
5088:.
5060:.
5031:.
4985:)
4981:(
4964:.
4946:.
4893:.
4860::
4839:)
4825:.
4787:.
4715:.
4694:.
4649:.
4603:.
4573:.
4527:.
4478:.
4440:.
4411:.
4395:9
4368:.
4342:.
4313:.
4276:.
4227:.
4202:)
4198:(
4181:.
4149:.
4122:.
4088:)
4068:.
3988:.
3922:.
3893:.
3877:1
3853:.
3829:.
3798:.
3772:.
3708:.
3688::
3661:.
3636:.
3616::
3610:6
3306:)
3302:(
3031:)
3025:(
3020:)
3016:(
3012:.
2998:.
2866:)
2860:(
2855:)
2851:(
2847:.
2833:.
2666:)
2660:(
2655:)
2651:(
2641:·
2634:·
2627:·
2620:·
2593:.
2518:.
2354:(
2043:)
1983:ç„
1980:ç„
1970:(
1961:)
1959:犟
1956:ç„
1938:(
1657:.
1232:)
1226:(
1221:)
1217:(
1203:.
1064:e
1057:t
1050:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
