70:
34:
1374:
2238:
2252:
1676:
have always been anthropomorphic, they were probably much less "naturalistic" or "realistic" before the arrival of the
Europeans in the nineteenth century; Kongo figures are more naturalistic in the coastal areas than inland. As Christians tend to think of spirits as objects of worship, idols become
1206:
on the
African coast, to various northern European versions of the word via the 1602 text of the Dutchman Pieter de Marees... The fetish, then, not only originated from, but remains specific to, the problem of the social value of material objects as revealed in situations formed by the encounter of
1709:
bears a relationship similar to that which Marx supposed that "political economy" bore to capitalism as its "religion", but not for the reasons advanced by Bosman, the
Enlightenment thinkers, and Hegel. The irrationally "animate" character of the ritual system's symbolic apparatus, including
1195:
My argument, then, is that the fetish could originate only in conjunction with the emergent articulation of the ideology of the commodity form that defined itself within and against the social values and religious ideologies of two radically different types of noncapitalist society, as they
1166:
has evolved from an idiom used to describe a type of object created in the interaction between
European travelers and Native West Africans in the early modern period to an analytical term that played a central role in the perception and study of non-Western art in general and African art in
1211:
Stallybrass concludes that "Pietz shows that the fetish as a concept was elaborated to demonize the supposedly arbitrary attachment of West
Africans to material objects. The European subject was constituted in opposition to a demonized fetishism, through the disavowal of the object."
1613:) itself was worshiped as a deity. Given the vagueness of such distinctions – further accentuated by the restricted usage of images (e.g., in painting or sculpture) – there was a tendency to ascribe special virtues to certain physical objects in place of the deity.
279:
1716:, divination devices, and witch-testing ordeals, obliquely expressed real relations of power among the participants in ritual. "Fetishism" is about relations among people, rather than the objects that mediate and disguise those relations.
49:. Text: "The dancers all wore fetishes peculiar to the order, each having special significance. These consisted of several ropes of cane cut into beads and of rows of seeds which had been bored and filled with Bundu (Sande) medicine."
1207:
radically heterogeneous social systems, and a study of the history of the idea of the fetish may be guided by identifying those themes that persist throughout the various discourses and disciplines that have appropriated the term.
1365:. According to Hegel, Africans were incapable of abstract thought, their ideas and actions were governed by impulse, and therefore a fetish object could be anything that then was arbitrarily imbued with "imaginary powers".
2159:
A Study of Shinto: The
Religion of the Japanese Nation, By Genchi Katu, Copyright Year 2011, ISBN 9780415845762, Published February 27, 2013 by Routledge, Chapter III Fetishism and Phallicism
1320:
The eighteenth-century intellectuals who articulated the theory of fetishism encountered this notion in descriptions of "Guinea" contained in such popular voyage collections as
Ramusio's
1696:" because they are sometimes rendered in human form or semi-human form. Modern anthropology has generally referred to these objects either as "power objects" or as "charms".
1177:
during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Pietz distinguishes between, on the one hand, actual
African objects that may be called fetishes in Europe, together with the
1196:
encountered each other in an ongoing cross-cultural situation. This process is indicated in the history of the word itself as it developed from the late medieval
Portuguese
1726:
a fetish is to translate "certain Kongo realities into the categories developed in the emergent social sciences of nineteenth century, post-enlightenment Europe."
1188:
concept of "fetish" emerged from the encounter between
Europeans and Africans in a very specific historical context and in response to African material culture.
2175:
SHINTO (THE WAY OF THE GODS) BY W. G. ASTON, C.M.G, D.Lit., LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY, 1905, p.65-75, p.73, p.159
1471:
1514:
1084:
2184:
KOKUTAI - POLITICAL SHINTÔ FROM EARLY-MODERN TO CONTEMPORARY JAPAN, Klaus Antoni, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Tobias-lib Tübingen 2016, p259
1833:
1971:
1446:
priest and scholar of comparative religion, applied the term "fetish" to the historical study of traditional Japanese religion. He cited jewelry,
1432:
2290:
1224:
developed the concept of the fetish to refer to the objects used in religious practices by West African natives. The contemporary Portuguese
1587:('spirit') of a deity first as the seat of his or her real presence, and secondly as the deity itself. In practice, the distinction between
635:
391:
1389:
The use of the concept in the study of religion derives from studies of traditional West African religious beliefs, as well as from
592:
33:
1077:
2010:
1361:
1173:, who, in 1994, conducted an extensive ethno-historical study of the fetish, argues that the term originated in the coast of
2256:
2283:
69:
1936:(9). The President and Fellows of Harvard College acting through the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology: 5–17.
1677:
the objects of idolatry when worship was addressed to false gods. In this way, European Christian colonialists regarded
837:
411:
2844:
1519:
1505:, which was believed to provide supernatural protection ('blessings'), was deified and enshrined (at what is now the
1070:
1655:
1531:
2582:
124:
1786:(the 'spirit' of the language) as "the single most important fetish term in the entire modern myth of Nihongo."
2276:
1983:
1629:
501:
1181:, and on the other hand, "fetish", an idea, and an idea of a kind of object, to which the term above applies.
729:
274:
1632:(1890) were also often worshipped as "fetishes", and were respectfully placed and kept in household altars (
2681:
1524:, was said to have originally been a red ball before transforming into a beautiful woman. The jewel around
209:
1825:
2849:
2502:
27:
1482:
1397:
1286:
1109:. Essentially, fetishism is the attribution of inherent non-material value, or powers, to an object.
950:
807:
1670:) is a sculptural object that provides a local habitation for a spiritual personality. Though some
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551:
164:
61:
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as examples of fetishism in Shinto. In rural areas of Japan, he said he could find many traces of
2676:
2616:
1476:
1437:
1262:
882:
832:
613:
446:
234:
2143:
Dr. Genchi Kato's monumental work on Shinto, Daniel C. Holtom. 明治聖徳記念学会第47巻、昭和12年 1937/04/ p7-14
1549:
could be seen as an example of fetishism. Originally an offering, the enshrined sword became a
827:
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842:
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989:
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159:
109:
8:
2098:
1740:
1500:
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would classify some artifacts of polytheistic and monotheistic religions as fetishes.
1282:
1278:
862:
753:
511:
286:
149:
2005:. The Middle Ages Series. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. p. 31.
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2006:
1979:
1957:
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318:
1623:
471:
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1937:
1896:
1451:
1301:, wherein he posited fetishism as the earliest (most primitive) stage, followed by
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20:
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even came to be identified as the god's body. For example, the cooking furnace (
1355:
The theory of fetishism was articulated at the end of the eighteenth century by
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1409:
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426:
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1941:
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is a fetish, William McGaffey writes that the Kongo ritual system as a whole,
1191:
He begins his thesis with an introduction to the complex history of the word:
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38:
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857:
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536:
466:
229:
224:
134:
42:
2035:(Spring 1987). "The Problem of the Fetish, II: The Origin of the Fetish".
1887:
MacGaffey, Wyatt (Spring 1994). "African objects and the idea of fetish".
975:
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are related. Fetishes are often used in spiritual or religious context.
2803:
2757:
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2611:
2472:
2407:
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2343:
2196:"The Japanese Language in the Eyes of Postwar Japan – A Review Article"
2195:
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1306:
1302:
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960:
456:
360:
189:
184:
169:
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144:
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114:
104:
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694:
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2512:
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2401:
1559:'spirit representative', 'spirit-token'), more commonly known as the
1033:
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921:
852:
817:
797:
778:
763:
308:
219:
89:
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retained the same traits, and pointed out the similarities with the
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2080:
Astonishment & Power, The Eyes of Understanding: Kongo Minkisi
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1459:
1045:
1026:
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1858:
The origin of fetishism: A contribution to the history of theory
1579:
or 'spirit'). Aston observed that people tended to think of the
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1620:(1924–2014) observed that the pamphlet of the nationalistic
2532:
2457:
1976:
Consumption : critical concepts in the social sciences
1574:
1497:
of the Central Australians. He noted that the divine sword
1491:
heirlooms of the natives of the East Indies and the sacred
1417:
1401:
1382:
1246:
669:
328:
2115:"Katō Genchi: A Neglected Pioneer in Comparative Religion"
1421:
783:
16:
Human attribution of special powers or value to an object
1277:
The concept was popularized in Europe circa 1757, when
1105:
powers, or in particular, a human-made object that has
1778:
1769:
1633:
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1606:
1600:
1594:
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1580:
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1529:
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1861:(Ph.D. diss.). University of California, Santa Cruz.
2002:
The Visual Object of Desire in Late Medieval England
1992:
1281:used it in comparing West African religion to the
2836:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1225:
1197:
1142:
1964:
1928:(Spring 1985). "The Problem of the Fetish, I".
1346:A New General Collection of Voyages and Travels
2341:
1244:, or more potentially offensive terms such as
2602:
2322:
2284:
1873:
1078:
74:Two ancient anthropomorphic figures from Peru
1920:
1918:
1393:, which in turn derives from those beliefs.
1274:issued polemics that anticipated fetishism.
1133:
2112:
1970:
1823:
1721:
1711:
1700:
1687:
1678:
1671:
1665:
1571:'god-body'; a sacred object containing the
1568:
1556:
1157:
1151:
2291:
2277:
1293:employed the concept in his theory of the
1147:("spell"), which in turn derives from the
1085:
1071:
2298:
2077:
2025:
1915:
1886:
1720:Therefore, McGaffey concludes, to call a
1683:as idols on the basis of religious bias.
1998:
1978:(1. publ. ed.). London: Routledge.
1699:In addressing the question of whether a
1372:
1230:may refer to more neutral terms such as
593:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
32:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
1746:
1616:In modern times, the American linguist
37:Teenage girls being initiated into the
2837:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2137:
2272:
2263:The Catholic Encyclopaedia: Fetishism
2178:
2119:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
2091:
2089:
2031:
1924:
1854:
1836:from the original on 13 November 2013
1539:The Anglo-Irish diplomat and scholar
1420:was the pathfinder, the cause of the
1362:Lectures on the Philosophy of History
2193:
2146:
1848:
1686:The foreign Christians often called
1396:Fetishes were commonly used in some
282:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
2162:
1768:surrounding the national language (
13:
2086:
1202:, to the sixteenth-century pidgin
412:Archaeology of religion and ritual
14:
2876:
2230:
2082:. National Museum of African Art.
1543:(1841–1911) also maintained that
1338:Collection of Voyages and Travels
1120:
2250:
2236:
2037:RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics
1930:RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics
1889:RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics
1400:and practices. For example, the
68:
2187:
2106:
1758:
1528:'s neck was deified and called
125:Evolutionary origin of religion
2342:
2102:. August 2008. pp. 56–63.
2096:"Animals: fact and folklore".
1817:
1800:
1630:Imperial Rescript on Education
1470:. He also maintained that the
1101:is an object believed to have
280:Treatise on the Apparitions of
1:
2241:The dictionary definition of
1974:(2001). Daniel Miller (ed.).
1793:
1350:Histoire generale des voyages
730:Traditional African religions
275:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
2257:Category:Religious fetishism
2200:The Journal of Asian Studies
1628:proclamation (1937) and the
7:
2113:Hylkema-Vos, Naomi (1990).
1830:Online Etymology Dictionary
1779:
1770:
1729:
1634:
1622:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1561:
1551:
1545:
1530:
1499:
1368:
1179:indigenous theories of them
10:
2881:
2049:10.1086/RESv13n1ms20166762
1901:10.1086/RESv25n1ms20166895
1692:"fetishes" and sometimes "
1643:
1377:A voodoo fetish market in
1215:
28:Fetishism (disambiguation)
25:
18:
2766:
2725:
2603:
2323:
2310:
2078:MacGaffey, Wyatt (1993).
1942:10.1086/RESv9n1ms20166719
1764:In his discussion of the
1483:Imperial Regalia of Japan
1416:was the warrior, and the
1398:Native American religions
1287:ancient Egyptian religion
808:Armenian Apostolic Church
2845:Anthropology of religion
1751:
1427:
1184:According to Pietz, the
700:Native American religion
355:Revitalization movements
210:Sacred–profane dichotomy
62:Anthropology of religion
19:Not to be confused with
2617:Pictish painted pebbles
1855:Pietz, William (1988).
1138:, which comes from the
614:The Journal of Religion
235:Theories about religion
2194:Chew, John J. (1984).
1766:Japanese identity myth
1722:
1718:
1712:
1701:
1688:
1679:
1672:
1666:
1513:, the female deity of
1481:were fetishes and the
1412:was the provider, the
1386:
1348:(1746), and Prevost's
1226:
1209:
1198:
1162:("to make"). The term
1158:
1152:
1143:
1134:
660:Alaska Native religion
655:Afro-American religion
250:Veneration of the dead
50:
1999:Stanbury, S. (2015).
1707:
1650:Made and used by the
1376:
1322:Viaggio e Navigazioni
1193:
1061:cultural anthropology
680:Chinese folk religion
572:Anthony F. C. Wallace
567:Daniel Martin Varisco
492:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
394:of the Religious Life
36:
2259:at Wikimedia Commons
1776:), Miller described
1747:Notes and references
1541:William George Aston
1472:Ten Sacred Treasures
715:Shamanism in Siberia
562:Edward Burnett Tylor
392:The Elementary Forms
160:Magic (supernatural)
110:Comparative religion
26:For other uses, see
2099:New Mexico Magazine
1741:Commodity fetishism
1546:Kusanagi no Tsurugi
1501:Kusanagi no Tsurugi
1330:Hakluytus Posthumus
1156:("artificial") and
897:Hindu denominations
838:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
607:The Hibbert Journal
517:Claude Lévi-Strauss
502:Fustel de Coulanges
56:Part of a series on
2799:Magic and religion
1972:Stallybrass, Peter
1812:and its Hinterland
1532:Mikuratana-no-kami
1387:
1328:(1597), Purchas's
1279:Charles de Brosses
951:Non-denominational
863:Oriental Orthodoxy
417:Poles in mythology
150:Laying on of hands
51:
2850:Religious objects
2832:
2831:
2265:pp. 147–159.
2255:Media related to
2012:978-1-5128-0829-2
1824:Harper, Douglas.
1806:T. J. Alldridge,
1618:Roy Andrew Miller
1526:Izanagi-no-Mikoto
1515:Hiyurikuso Shrine
1511:Akaruhime no Kami
1466:, fetishism, and
1324:(1550), de Bry's
1129:derives from the
1107:power over others
1095:
1094:
883:Russian Orthodoxy
833:Eastern Orthodoxy
482:Arnold van Gennep
401:Purity and Danger
2872:
2814:Religious fetish
2809:Numismatic charm
2774:Apotropaic magic
2767:Related articles
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384:Related articles
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21:Sexual fetishism
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1599:was fluid, and
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1474:
1442:(1873–1965), a
1435:
1430:
1371:
1270:. The medieval
1220:Initially, the
1218:
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1050:
843:Greek Orthodoxy
823:Catholic Church
639:
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626:
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586:
577:
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552:Stanley Tambiah
507:Clifford Geertz
462:Joseph Campbell
447:Augustin Calmet
442:
441:
440:Major theorists
432:
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407:Myth and ritual
393:
386:
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205:Sacred language
195:Rite of passage
120:Divine language
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2712:Witch bottle
2677:Thunderstone
2652:Sator Square
2573:Medicine bag
2543:Kagome crest
2438:Dreamcatcher
2423:Dacian Draco
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2386:Celtic cross
2337:Axe of Perun
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2016:. Retrieved
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858:Nestorianism
791:Christianity
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512:Robin Horton
497:James Frazer
467:Mary Douglas
399:
390:
287:Neo-Paganism
263:Case studies
230:Superstition
225:Soul dualism
135:Great Spirit
129:
43:Sierra Leone
2865:Cult images
2753:Uncial 0152
2702:Voodoo doll
2697:Troll cross
2687:Touch piece
2558:Koan kroach
2553:Kanai Anzen
2548:Kagura suzu
2523:I'noGo tied
2508:Horse brass
2318:Abracadabra
1895:: 123–131.
1654:of western
1552:mitamashiro
1518: [
1475: [
1436: [
1433:Katō Genchi
1311:ethnography
1309:. However,
1285:aspects of
1268:bewitchment
1263:conjuration
1241:abracadabra
1236:enchantment
1175:West Africa
917:Vaishnavism
848:Lutheranism
803:Anglicanism
487:René Girard
366:Ghost Dance
245:Transtheism
215:Sacred site
175:Nympholepsy
47:West Africa
2839:Categories
2804:Numerology
2758:Wolfsangel
2707:Witch ball
2692:Triskelion
2632:Red string
2612:Palad khik
2473:Gorgoneion
2408:Corn dolly
2396:Cornicello
2376:Bullroarer
2344:Azusa Yumi
2018:2023-06-14
1985:0415242673
1794:References
1468:phallicism
1307:monotheism
1303:polytheism
1253:witchcraft
1222:Portuguese
1140:Portuguese
1039:Śvetāmbara
675:Böö mörgöl
457:Talal Asad
361:Cargo cult
190:Polytheism
185:Pilgrimage
170:Monotheism
155:Liminality
145:Initiation
140:Henotheism
115:Divination
105:Communitas
2860:Talismans
2789:Feng shui
2738:Navaratna
2726:Talismans
2538:Kabura-ya
2518:Hoko doll
2513:Horseshoe
2493:Hama yumi
2478:Gris-gris
2463:God's eye
2448:Elf-arrow
2402:Crepundia
2304:talismans
2220:0021-9118
2131:0304-1042
2065:151350653
1958:164933628
1909:191127564
1867:303717649
1334:Churchill
1295:evolution
1289:. Later,
1153:facticius
1125:The word
1111:Talismans
1034:Digambara
976:Yazdânism
956:Quranists
936:Ahmadiyya
922:Ayyavazhi
853:Methodism
818:Calvinism
798:Adventism
779:Vajrayana
764:Theravada
754:Pure Land
636:Religions
309:Bobohizan
220:Shamanism
130:Fetishism
90:Afterlife
2784:Evil eye
2748:Swastika
2568:Mandrake
2453:Fascinus
2443:Dzi bead
2391:Cimaruta
2057:20166762
1950:20166719
1863:ProQuest
1834:Archived
1814:, (1901)
1781:kotodama
1730:See also
1664:(plural
1636:kamidana
1494:Tjurunga
1464:totemism
1369:Practice
1352:(1748).
1340:(1732),
1332:(1625),
1299:religion
1272:Lollards
1258:witchery
1015:Orthodox
1005:Haymanot
946:Mahdavia
912:Smartism
907:Shaktism
902:Shaivism
890:Hinduism
813:Baptists
749:Nichiren
744:Mahayana
737:Buddhism
725:Tengrism
600:Folklore
585:Journals
344:Slametan
304:Babaylan
299:Angakkuq
2855:Amulets
2672:Thokcha
2605:Omamori
2588:Mugwort
2578:Mjölnir
2488:Hama ya
2311:Amulets
2300:Amulets
1840:2 March
1810:Sherbro
1772:Nihongo
1713:minkisi
1680:minkisi
1673:minkisi
1667:minkisi
1652:BaKongo
1645:Minkisi
1602:shintai
1596:shintai
1563:shintai
1460:animism
1456:scarves
1452:mirrors
1410:buffalo
1283:magical
1227:feitiço
1216:History
1204:Fetisso
1199:feitiço
1144:feitiço
1135:fétiche
1115:amulets
1046:Sikhism
1027:Jainism
1010:Karaite
1000:Hasidic
983:Judaism
878:Quakers
774:Tibetan
769:Tiantai
759:Shingon
695:Kejawèn
621:Oceania
95:Animism
2667:Takrut
2662:Ta'wiz
2642:Sachet
2622:Poppet
2433:Dōtaku
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1164:fetish
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1127:fetish
1099:fetish
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1020:Reform
995:Haredi
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705:Noaidi
685:Hanitu
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