United Nations - Knowledge

4039: 869: 1729: 1979: 1855: 1868: 2587: 1881: 186: 3750: 4289: 765: 1742: 2728: 4534: 5442:. This proposed shift is in line with the UNSC's existing practice of basing the selection of non-permanent members on regional representation. Shifting to regional organization-based membership in the UNSC aims to reduce deadlock caused by individual state vetoes. A prime example of this issue was observed on February 25, 2022, when Russia used its veto power to block a resolution against its invasion of Ukraine, thereby underscoring a significant weakness in the UNSC's functioning. NWF's proposal is intended to improve the effectiveness and decision-making process within the UNSC. 5216: 3949: 4112: 2364: 4316: 3333: 3306: 3265: 3224: 3132: 2968: 2845: 13288: 13189: 4750: 4894: 2182: 1018: 2756: 4678: 14847: 5845: 1716: 5014: 1266: 2886: 155: 3639: 3626: 3559: 3506: 3479: 3466: 3419: 3186: 3173: 2981: 2927: 3999: 4606: 2268: 4822: 4510: 2858: 4870: 3519: 5831: 15711: 4702: 2521: 1094: 5817: 15201: 3319: 3278: 3104: 3679: 3237: 2940: 2769: 5038: 3599: 3050: 2552: 13258: 5086: 2899: 2396: 1277: 4966: 5062: 4846: 3822: 2300: 3706: 3666: 3586: 3432: 3063: 169: 2490: 2458: 4582: 3439: 3719: 3022: 3009: 13277: 2427: 4942: 2332: 4990: 4774: 3546: 2797: 2715: 8483:

Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 c of Article 86 of the Charter, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.

4798: 4630: 3193: 3145: 3091: 2810: 4654: 4918: 4726: 4558: 13097: 2610:, making it the only principal organ not based in New York City. The ICJ's main function is adjudicating disputes among nations. Examples of issues they have heard include war crimes, violations of state sovereignty and ethnic cleansing. The court can also be called upon by other UN organs to provide advisory opinions on matters of international law. All UN member states are parties to the 6448: 6419: 2080: 4138:. The document proclaims basic civil, political and economic rights common to all human beings, though its effectiveness towards achieving these ends has been disputed since its drafting. The Declaration serves as a "common standard of achievement for all people and all nations" rather than a legally binding document, but it has become the basis of two binding treaties, the 5146:

UN peace operations are funded by assessments, using a formula derived from the regular funding scale that includes a weighted surcharge for the five permanent Security Council members, who must approve all peacekeeping operations. This surcharge serves to offset discounted peacekeeping assessment rates for less developed countries. The largest contributors to the

1289: 13944: 5573:, to effect the United States' withdrawal from the United Nations. It would repeal various laws pertaining to the UN, terminate authorization for funds to be spent on the UN, terminate UN presence on American property, and withdraw diplomatic immunity for UN employees. It would provide up to two years for the United States to withdraw. The 5286:, a professor in political sciences, writes that the "accomplishments of the United Nations in the last 60 years are impressive in their own terms. Progress in human development during the 20th century has been dramatic, and the UN and its agencies have certainly helped the world become a more hospitable and livable place for millions". 5805:. Thant later commissioned Auden to write the poem after Casals requested one to set to music. Auden completed his work in three days time. The finished work, scored for chorus and orchestra, takes approximately seven minutes to play. However, there were never any plans to adopt the song as the organization's official anthem. 2632:

The Economic and Social Council (or the ECOSOC) assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social co-operation and development. It was established to serve as the UN's primary forum for global issues and is the largest and most complex UN body. The ECOSOC's functions include

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The secretary-general is appointed by the General Assembly, after being recommended by the Security Council, where the permanent members have veto power. There are no specific criteria for the post, but over the years it has become accepted that the position shall be held for one or two terms of five

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The United Nations has inspired the extracurricular activity Model United Nations (or MUN). MUN is a simulation of United Nations activity based on the UN agenda and following UN procedure. It is usually attended by high school and university students who organize conferences to simulate the various

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A study by the RAND Corporation in 2005 found the UN to be successful in two-thirds of their peacekeeping efforts. It compared efforts at nation-building by the UN to those of the United States, and found that 87.5% of UN cases are at peace, as compared with 50% of U.S. cases at peace. Also in 2005,

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Below the six organs are, in the words of the author Linda Fasulo, "an amazing collection of entities and organizations, some of which are actually older than the UN itself and operate with almost complete independence from it". These include specialized agencies, research and training institutions,

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Several studies have examined the Security Council's responsiveness to armed conflict. Findings suggests that the Council is more likely to meet and deliberate on conflicts that are more intense and have led to more humanitarian suffering, but that its responsiveness is also shaped by the political

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A large share of the UN's expenditure addresses its core mission of peace and security, and this budget is assessed separately from the main organizational budget. The peacekeeping budget for the 2021–2022 fiscal year is $ 6.38 billion, supporting 66,839 personnel deployed in 12 missions worldwide.

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since the end of the Cold War, and presented evidence, albeit circumstantial, that international activism – mostly spearheaded by the UN – has been the main cause of the decline in armed conflict. Situations in which the UN has not only acted to keep the peace but also intervened include the Korean

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that is designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the UN. Seventy-seven nations founded the organization, but by November 2013 the organization had since expanded to 133 member countries. The group was founded 15 June 1964 by

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Poland had not been represented among the fifty nations at the San Francisco conference due to the reluctance of the Western superpowers to recognize its post-war communist government. However, the Charter was later amended to list Poland as a founding member, and Poland ratified the Charter on 16

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stated that "France trusts the United Nations. She knows that no state, no matter how powerful, can solve urgent problems, fight for development and bring an end to all crises. France wants the UN to be the centre of global governance". In his 1953 address to the United States Committee for United

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The Assembly has established the principle that the UN should not be unduly dependent on any one member to finance its operations. Thus, there is a "ceiling" rate, setting the maximum amount that any member can be assessed for the regular budget. In December 2000, the Assembly revised the scale of

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The UN, after approval by the Security Council, sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are

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The UN Charter stipulates that each primary organ of the United Nations can establish various specialized agencies to fulfill its duties. Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations and each other through the co-ordinating machinery of the Economic and Social

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After the Cold War, the UN saw a radical expansion in its peacekeeping duties, taking on more missions in five years than it had in the previous four decades. Between 1988 and 2000, the number of adopted Security Council resolutions more than doubled, and the peacekeeping budget increased by more

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professor Lise Howard postulates that UN peacekeeping operations are more effective due to their emphasis on "verbal persuasion, financial inducements and coercion short of offensive military force, including surveillance and arrest", which are likelier to change the behavior of warring parties.

1502:, became the ninth secretary-general. Guterres has highlighted several key goals for his administration, including an emphasis on diplomacy for preventing conflicts, more effective peacekeeping efforts, and streamlining the organization to be more responsive and versatile to international needs. 8482:

Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the

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Council. Each was integrated into the UN system through an agreement with the UN under UN Charter article 57. There are fifteen specialized agencies, which perform functions as diverse as facilitating international travel, preventing and addressing pandemics, and promoting economic development.

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The secretary-general acts as the spokesperson and leader of the UN. The position is defined in the UN Charter as the organization's chief administrative officer. Article 99 of the charter states that the secretary-general can bring to the Security Council's attention "any matter which in their

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When the General Assembly decides on seminal questions such as those on peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary matters, a two-thirds majority of those present and voting is required. All other questions are decided by a majority vote. Each member has one vote. Apart from the

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Another primary purpose of the UN is "to achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian character". Numerous bodies have been created to work towards this goal, primarily under the authority of the General Assembly and the

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The Security Council is charged with maintaining peace and security amongst nations. While other organs of the UN can only make recommendations to member states, the Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that member states have agreed to carry out, under the terms of Charter

4390:(or the UNHCR) works to protect the rights of refugees, asylum seekers and stateless people. The UNHCR and the WFP programmes are funded by voluntary contributions from governments, corporations, and individuals, though the UNHCR's administrative costs are paid for by the UN's primary budget. 5701:

scholars counter that it is an effective organization because it has proved capable of solving many problems by working around the restrictions imposed by powerful member states. The UN is generally considered by scholars to be more effective in realms such as public health, and humanitarian

5385:. Even after the Cold War, divisions within the Security Council continued to hamstring the UN's ability to tackle problems. Its member states lacked either the means or the collective will to reconstruct failing states like Somalia, or prevent an ethnic slaughter in places like Sri Lanka." 4031:. UN peacekeepers have also been accused of child rape, soliciting prostitutes, and sexual abuse during various peacekeeping missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Sudan, Burundi, and Côte d'Ivoire. Scientists cited UN peacekeepers from Nepal as the source of the 5659:, the United States has preferred a feeble United Nations in major projects undertaken by the organization to forestall UN interference with, or resistance to, American policies. "The last thing the U.S. wants is an independent UN throwing its weight around", Luck said. Similarly, former 16227: 4107:

One of the UN's primary purposes is "promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion", and member states pledge to undertake "joint and separate action" to protect these rights.

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The UN has also drawn criticism for perceived failures. In many cases, member states have shown reluctance to achieve or enforce Security Council resolutions. Disagreements in the Security Council about military action and intervention are seen as having failed to prevent the

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on 25 April 1945. It was attended by 50 nations' governments and a number of non-governmental organizations. The delegations of the Big Four chaired the plenary meetings. Previously, Churchill had urged Roosevelt to restore France to its status of a major power after the

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The UN is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. The General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member. This is broadly based on the relative capacity of each nation to pay, as measured by its

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stating that the organization was an instrument for communism. Popular opposition to the UN was expressed through bumper stickers and signs with slogans such as "Get the U.S. out of the U.N. and the U.N. out of the U.S.!" and "You can't spell communism without U.N."

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in recognition of their work. Two secretaries-general, Dag Hammarskjöld and Kofi Annan, were each awarded the prize; as were Ralph Bunche, a UN negotiator, René Cassin, a contributor to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the American Secretary of State

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In the context of ongoing United Nations reform discussions, Noble World Foundation (NWF) proposes changing the structure of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) by shifting membership and veto power from individual states to regional organizations like the

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Though the UN Charter had been written primarily to prevent aggression by one nation against another, in the early 1990s the UN faced several simultaneous, serious crises within Somalia, Haiti, Mozambique, and the nations that previously made up Yugoslavia. The

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have interpreted as giving the position broad scope for action on the world stage. The office has evolved into a dual role of an administrator of the UN organization and a diplomat and mediator addressing disputes between member states and finding consensus to

16161: 5690:, whose competence and dedication sharply contrasted with the UN's excessive caution and bureaucratic inefficiencies. Sahnoun warned that if radical reform were not undertaken, then the UN would continue to respond to such crises with inept improvisation. 16119: 1042:

was completed over the following two months, and it was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, upon ratification of the Charter by the five permanent members of the

14469: 2203:. The Secretariat's duties include providing information and facilities needed by UN bodies for their meetings and carrying out tasks as directed by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies. 2013:

approval of budgetary matters, resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security that are under consideration by the Security Council.

966:", and the next day the representatives of twenty-two other nations added their signatures. During the war, the United Nations became the official term for the Allies. In order to join, countries had to sign the Declaration and declare war on the 1213:

in the 1960s, the UN's membership shot up due to an influx of newly independent nations. In 1960 alone, 17 new states joined the UN, 16 of them from Africa. On 25 October 1971, with opposition from the United States, but with the support of many

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War and the authorization of intervention in Iraq after the Gulf War. Further studies published between 2008 and 2021 determined UN peacekeeping operations to be more effective at ensuring long-lasting peace and minimizing civilian casualties.

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states that while the organization has suffered some major setbacks, "when all its aspects are considered, the UN has brought great benefits to our generation and will bring benefits to our children's and grandchildren's generations as well."

16533: 11527: 542:, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international cooperation, and serving as a center for coordinating the actions of member nations. It is widely recognised as the world's largest international organization. The UN is 15607: 985:

which aimed for the creation "at the earliest possible date of a general international organization". This was the first public announcement that a new international organization was being contemplated to replace the League of Nations. The

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under Secretary-General Lie harboured American communists, leading to further pressure that the UN chief resign. The United States saw nascent opposition to the UN in the 1960s, particularly amongst conservatives, with groups such as the

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in 2013. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees was awarded the prize in 1954 and 1981, becoming one of only two recipients to win the prize twice. The UN as a whole was awarded the prize in 2001, sharing it with Annan. In 2007, the

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meeting calling for specific proposals for "the elimination from national armaments of atomic weapons and of all other major weapons adaptable to mass destruction". The UN has been involved with arms-limitation treaties such as the

14553: 16665: 4193: 5142:(or LDCs), a ceiling rate of 0.01% is applied. In addition to the ceiling rates, the minimum amount assessed to any member nation (or "floor" rate) is set at 0.001% of the UN budget ($ 31,000 for the two-year budget 2021–2022). 16617: 16605: 16563: 14304: 733:

who is a Portuguese politician and diplomat. He began his first five year-term on 1 January 2017 and was re-elected on 8 June 2021. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states.

604:, which was adopted on 25 June 1945. The charter took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations. The UN's objectives, as outlined by its charter, include maintaining international peace and security, protecting 10858: 1257:, the UN increasingly shifted its attention to its secondary goals of economic development and cultural exchange. By the 1970s, the UN budget for social and economic development was far greater than its peacekeeping budget. 16497: 16431: 5722:

to seek out inefficiencies within the UN system. During the 1990s, the United States withheld dues citing inefficiency and only started repayment on the condition that a major reforms initiative be introduced. In 1994, the

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stated in February 2003—referring to UN uncertainty towards Iraqi provocations under the Saddam Hussein regime—that "free nations will not allow the UN to fade into history as an ineffective, irrelevant debating society."

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over UN resolutions, allowing a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, though not debate. The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms, with five members elected each year by the General Assembly on a

1622:, which calls for salaries that will attract and retain citizens of countries where compensation is highest, and which ensures equal pay for work of equal value regardless of the employee's nationality. In practice, the 14341: 5765:

UN committees to discuss important issues of the day. Today, MUN educates tens of thousands on the activities of the UN around the world. MUN has many famous and notable alumni, such as the former UN Secretary-General

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explained that "The Department of State desired that the United Nations prove utterly ineffective in whatever measures it undertook. The task was given to me, and I carried it forward with not inconsiderable success."

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Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states that accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these

16461: 1427: 16635: 16551: 9209: 6403: 3368:(or the IAEA), operate independently of the UN but maintain formal partnership agreements. The UN performs much of its humanitarian work through these institutions, such as preventing famine and malnutrition (the 16323: 16083: 5485:

and consistently denied membership in its reapplications. Critics allege that this position reflects a failure of the organization's development goals and guidelines, and it garnered renewed scrutiny during the

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Nations Day, American President Dwight D. Eisenhower expressed his view that, for all its flaws, "the United Nations represents man's best organized hope to substitute the conference table for the battlefield".

12461: 4099:. Additionally, many peacekeeping missions focus on disarmament: several operations in West Africa disarmed roughly 250,000 former combatants and secured tens of thousands of weapons and millions of munitions. 1493:

and fostering a global constituency. In an effort to enhance transparency, in 2016 the organization held its first public debate between candidates for secretary-general. On 1 January 2017, Portuguese diplomat

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voluntarily provided by member states. These soldiers are sometimes nicknamed "Blue Helmets" because they wear distinctive blue helmets. Peacekeeping forces as a whole received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988.

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The United Nations is part of the broader UN System, which includes an extensive network of institutions and entities. Central to the organization are five principal organs established by the UN Charter: the

1325:, the under-secretary-general of the UN from 1971 to 1985, later described the hopes raised by these successes as a "false renaissance" for the organization, given the more troubled missions that followed. 16569: 16401: 15237: 4445: 7293: 5335:

received the prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."

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writes that "the United Nations never fulfilled the hopes of its founders, but it accomplished a great deal nevertheless", citing its role in decolonization and its many successful peacekeeping efforts.

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gathering data, conducting studies and advising and making recommendations to member states. Its work is carried out primarily by subsidiary bodies focused on a wide variety of topics. These include the

1626:, which governs the conditions of UN personnel, takes reference to the highest-paying national civil service. Staff salaries are subject to an internal tax that is administered by the UN organizations. 1461:

was held in 2000 to discuss the UN's role in the 21st century. The three-day meeting was the largest gathering of world leaders in history, and it culminated in the adoption by all member states of the

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Nault, Derrick M., 'Haile Selassie, the League of Nations, and Human Rights Diplomacy', Africa and the Shaping of International Human Rights (Oxford, 2020; online edn, Oxford Academic, 21 Jan. 2021),

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was late to be recognized by the United States as the government of France, and so the country was initially excluded from the conferences that created the new organization. Future French president

4285:(or UNICEF) was created in 1946 to aid European children after the Second World War and expanded its mission to provide aid around the world and to uphold the convention on the Rights of the Child. 10368: 4146:. In practice, the UN is unable to take significant action against human rights abuses without a Security Council resolution, though it does substantial work in investigating and reporting abuses. 4096: 2195:

The UN Secretariat carries out the day-to-day duties required to operate and maintain the UN system. It is composed of tens of thousands of international civil servants worldwide and headed by the

16659: 11504: 11320: 11277: 4050:. Regulation of armaments was included in the writing of the UN Charter in 1945 and was envisioned as a way of limiting the use of human and economic resources for their creation. The advent of 3816:

The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. Chapter II, Article 4.

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regime in January 1991, the UN missed at least three opportunities to prevent major human tragedies. When the UN tried to provide humanitarian assistance, they were totally outperformed by

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The Security Council is made up of fifteen member states: five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) and ten non-permanent members (currently

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The UN has carried out 71 peacekeeping operations since 1947, and as of April 2021, over 88,000 peacekeeping personnel from 121 nations have been deployed on missions. The largest is the

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Throughout the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union repeatedly accused the UN of favouring the other. In 1950, the Soviet Union boycotted the organization in protest to

16143: 14326: 16575: 16539: 16305: 16287: 13969: 7825: 5419:. Southern nations tend to favour a more empowered UN with a stronger General Assembly, allowing them a greater voice in world affairs, while Northern nations prefer an economically 2614:, which forms an integral part of the UN Charter, and non-members may also become parties. The ICJ's rulings are binding upon parties and, along with its advisory opinions, serve as 16293: 16245: 16089: 15230: 14625: 13631: 10855: 8042: 6788: 1604: 741:, although other evaluations of its effectiveness have been contentious. Some commentators believe the organization to be a leader in peace and human development, while others have 1438:

in 2009 concluded that the organization had suffered a "systemic failure". In 2010, the organization suffered the worst loss of life in its history, when 101 personnel died in the

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studied twenty years of data on peacekeeping missions, concluding that they were more effective at reducing civilian casualties than counterterrorism operations by nation states.

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by developing countries in the 1970s, the work of the G77 spread throughout the UN system. Similar groupings of developing states also operate in other UN agencies, such as the

10130: 8366: 4386:(or the WFP) provides food aid in response to famine, natural disasters, and armed conflict. The organization feeds an average of 90 million people in 80 nations per year. The 4165:. Jacques Fomerand, a scholar of the UN, describes the organization's mandate as "broad and vague", with only "meagre" resources to carry it out. In 2006, it was replaced by a 17180: 16113: 8075: 7026: 5734:— in which Iraq had been allowed to trade oil for basic needs to relieve the pressure of sanctions — had suffered from widespread corruption, including billions of dollars of 4339:(or WHO), which focuses on international health issues and disease eradication, is another of the UN's largest agencies. In 1980, the agency announced that the eradication of 4143: 8251: 16593: 16197: 12165: 11352: 5697:

school of international relations take a pessimistic position, arguing that the UN is not an effective organization because it is dominated and constrained by great powers.

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was the first and the only nation that attempted to withdraw its membership from the United Nations, in protest to the election of Malaysia as a non-permanent member of the

927:. Purportedly, when Roosevelt went to Churchill's room to inform him of the name "United Nations", he found Churchill stark naked. Churchill accepted it, noting its use by 5579:

cited the Act as proof that "the United States's complaints against the United Nations have intensified." The most recent iteration, as of 2022, is H.R.7806, introduced by

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but little consensus on how to do so. Some want the UN to play a greater or more effective role in world affairs, while others want its role reduced to humanitarian work.

4312:. The World Bank provides loans for international development, while the IMF promotes international economic co-operation and gives emergency loans to indebted countries. 3965: 1728: 12413: 9199: 5635:

enacted legislation to block the implementation of programs "originating in, or traceable to, the United Nations or a subsidiary entity of the United Nations," including

4416:(or the UNEP) in 1972, the UN has made environmental issues a prominent part of its agenda. A lack of success in the first two decades of UN work in this area led to the 16167: 14972: 14501: 13527: 13478: 12010: 4387: 1396: 1230:

under the leadership of Algeria, which briefly became a dominant power at the UN. On 10 November 1975, a bloc comprising the Soviet Union and Third World nations passed

818:, ratified by 42 nations in 1919, took effect. The League Council acted as an executive body directing the Assembly's business. It began with four permanent members—the 383: 16311: 14954: 14942: 14441: 14289: 499: 13496: 3357: 1108:, the division between the United States and the Soviet Union often paralysed the organization; generally allowing it to intervene only in conflicts distant from the 1077:

as the site for the headquarters of the UN. Construction began on 14 September 1948 and the facility was completed on 9 October 1952. The Norwegian Foreign Minister,

16527: 16095: 15453: 11095: 8011: 11770: 11656: 9373: 15027: 14013: 13949: 13902: 13666: 11384: 4196:. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, one of three bodies with a mandate to oversee issues related to indigenous peoples, held its first session in 2002. 1912: 16209: 16131: 15822: 15652: 14351: 14167: 12280: 7285: 2045: 1026: 597: 8328: 15592: 15018: 14650: 14336: 13461: 5525:

Ironically, the United States had simultaneously scrutinized the UN for employing communists and Soviet sympathizers, following a high-profile accusation that

1920: 1226:(also known as Taiwan). The vote was widely seen as a sign of waning American influence in the organization. Third World nations organized themselves into the 647:

and lightly armed troops charged with primarily monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles. UN membership grew significantly following the widespread

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Act of Creation: The Founding of the United Nations: A Story of Super Powers, Secret Agents, Wartime Allies and Enemies, and Their Quest for a Peaceful World

11848: 5944: 4403: 3783: 2091: 12375: 10765:"Fifth Committee Approves Assessment Scale for Regular, Peacekeeping Budgets, Texts on Common System, Pension Fund, as it Concludes Session (Press Release)" 6178: 1867: 16077: 15968: 14937: 14583: 14533: 14331: 13934: 13877: 13547: 11738: 11477: 6307: 5724: 5627:, who complained that the Council focused too much attention on Israel and not enough on countries such as Cuba, Venezuela, North Korea and Iran. American 5327: 4139: 4092: 10372: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14356: 14250: 13872: 12019: 10090: 6093: 2634: 795: 11500: 7079: 4308:(or the IMF) are independent, specialized agencies and observers within the UN framework. They were initially formed separately from the UN through the 15612: 14640: 14321: 14199: 13778: 13724: 13641: 13557: 13542: 11565: 5801:

Thant first approached Casals, who was a personal friend, looking to create a hymn to peace and hoping for the song to be based on the preamble of the

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assessments in response to pressure from the United States. As part of that revision, the regular budget ceiling was reduced from 25% to 22%. For the

17200: 17185: 16699: 16347: 15156: 14776: 13919: 13636: 11300: 11261: 9613: 7878:"UN summit agenda; The largest gathering of world leaders in history meets in New York to discuss the role of the United Nations in the 21st century" 6996: 5290: 5250: 4476: 4379: 2598:

The International Court of Justice (or ICJ), sometimes known as the World Court, is the primary judicial organ of the UN. It is the successor to the

939:. It incorporated Soviet suggestions but included no role for France. One major change from the Atlantic Charter was the addition of a provision for 12250: 9850: 9518: 7914: 17067: 16455: 16053: 14194: 13974: 13466: 13432: 13353: 12535: 12024: 11959: 11117: 7855: 7338: 7255: 7130: 6883: 4185: 3723: 2099: 2025: 2002: 1854: 897: 368: 12339: 7453: 6658: 6237: 5494:. Support for Taiwan's inclusion is subject to pressure from the People's Republic of China, which regards the territories administered by Taiwan 3807:, which joined 14 July 2011, is the most recent addition, bringing a total of 193 UN member states. The UN Charter outlines the membership rules: 1559:

Four of the five principal organs are located at the main UN Headquarters in New York City, while the International Court of Justice is seated in

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at Geneva in 1936 went with no avail, including when calls for economic sanctions against Italy failed. Italy and other nations left the League.

14750: 14394: 14389: 14245: 13743: 11587: 6762: 5482: 4170: 2789: 2040: 2030: 1655: 1443: 1376: 1344:, the secretary-general from 1992 to 1996, initiated a reform of the Secretariat, somewhat reducing the size of the organisation. His successor, 1231: 12234: 11406: 9700: 6691: 2618:. The court is composed of 15 judges appointed to nine-year terms by the General Assembly. Every sitting judge must be from a different nation. 16191: 16016: 15812: 14018: 13924: 13415: 13344: 12120: 11175: 11018: 9290: 6837: 4448:

in 1960 with no votes against but abstentions from all major colonial powers. The UN works towards decolonization through groups including the

3523: 2814: 2200: 1880: 353: 6123: 896:; which defined goals for the post-war world. At the subsequent meeting of the Inter-Allied Council in London on 24 September 1941, the eight 17190: 15996: 15817: 15166: 15103: 15065: 14883: 14682: 14446: 13959: 13954: 13929: 13793: 13616: 13567: 13444: 13420: 10601: 10541: 9760: 8784: 7573: 5427: 5210: 3973: 3373: 2657:. ECOSOC may also grant consultative status to non-governmental organizations. as of April 2021 almost 5,600 organizations have this status. 2611: 1499: 1489:

In addition to addressing global challenges, the UN has sought to improve its accountability and democratic legitimacy by engaging more with

954:, emerged in the Declaration by the United Nations. On New Year's Day 1942, Roosevelt, Churchill, the Soviet Union's former Foreign Minister 14082: 11041: 9124: 8982: 8675: 6610: 5326:

in 1969, the UN Peacekeeping Forces in 1988, the International Atomic Energy Agency (which reports to the UN) in 2005, and the UN-supported

3910:

in 1967, where it adopted the Charter of Algiers and established the basis for permanent institutional structures. With the adoption of the

1407:

despite failing to pass a UN Security Council resolution for authorization, prompting a new round of questioning of the UN's effectiveness.

14711: 14645: 14189: 13676: 11899: 9959: 8514: 8443: 7817: 6784: 4274: 3943: 1365: 1005:

from 21 September to 7 October 1944. They agreed on proposals for the aims, structure and functioning of the new organization. It took the

868: 10912: 10870: 8870: 8065: 8034: 7744:

For quotation "worldwide ridicule", see Meisler, p. 293; for a description of UN missions in Somalia and Bosnia, see Meisler, pp. 312–329.

5693:

Beyond specific instances or areas of alleged ineffectiveness, some scholars debate the overall effectiveness of the UN. Adherents to the

5562:. In 1997, an amendment containing the bill received a floor vote, with 54 representatives voting in favor. The 2007 version of the bill ( 5529:, an American who had taken part in the establishment of the UN, had been a Soviet spy. American Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed that the 2005:, elected by the member states on a rotating regional basis, and 21 vice-presidents. The first session convened on 10 January 1946 in the 16257: 15645: 14003: 12313: 10168: 9547: 8306: 8255: 7048: 6487: 5126:, the UN System Chief Executives Board for Coordination reports total expenses of $ 67.4 billion in 2022 for 43 United Nations entities. 5122:

The UN budget for 2024 was $ 3.59 billion, not including additional resources donated by members, such as peacekeeping forces. Including

1778:

administratively (for example, in the organization of conferences, the writing of reports and studies and the preparation of the budget);

1203: 1128: 819: 15584: 11679: 8556: 7795: 7172: 837:

After some limited successes and failures during the 1920s, the League proved ineffective in the 1930s, as it failed to act against the

663:. After the end of the Cold War in 1991, the UN shifted and expanded its field operations, undertaking a wide variety of complex tasks. 17195: 16545: 16011: 15316: 14932: 14925: 14738: 14672: 14384: 14311: 14294: 13656: 13606: 13532: 13473: 13409: 9783: 8347: 7701: 7656: 5874: 5401: 4360: 4055: 3658: 3377: 2627: 2155: 2108: 1916: 1905: 1823: 1537: 1302: 675: 185: 12184: 9432: 8363: 5197:

and the World Food Programme, are financed by voluntary contributions from member governments, corporations, and private individuals.

3865:, are full members of several UN specialized agencies and have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognized by the Secretariat. 3830: 1767:(following their proposal by the UNSC); and the fifteen judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Each country has one vote. 16719: 15868: 15151: 14920: 14030: 13738: 13517: 13456: 10764: 10320: 5332: 4425: 4407: 4189: 4158: 3838: 3767: 2748: 320: 12117:"H.R.7806 - 117th Congress (2019-2020): American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2022 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress" 7980: 7018: 5718:

Critics have also accused the UN of bureaucratic inefficiency, waste, and corruption. In 1976, the General Assembly established the

17062: 15802: 15204: 15161: 14744: 14578: 13865: 13803: 13763: 13651: 13315: 12844: 11205: 6033: 5591:

The UN's attention to Israel's treatment of Palestinians is considered excessive by a range of critics, including Israeli diplomat

3257: 2599: 784: 225: 12162: 11342: 10116: 6543: 16827: 16822: 16817: 16749: 16479: 15908: 15669: 15554: 14915: 13552: 13405: 13335: 10810: 10631: 10342: 9060: 6569: 6145: 6063: 5894: 5784: 5455: 5316: 3797: 3498: 2591: 2196: 2189: 2176: 1782: 1764: 1510: 1082: 845:

but Japan voted against it and walked out of the League instead of withdrawing from Manchuria. It also failed to act against the

726: 338: 10294: 6861: 1741: 1611:

from the laws of the countries where they operate, safeguarding the UN's impartiality with regard to host and member countries.

1179: 17082: 16155: 15638: 14977: 14184: 14107: 13964: 13939: 13384: 12411: 10942: 8469: 6566:"Without Global Cooperation Between Great And Small Alike, No Progress And No Peace Can Last Forever, Secretary-General States" 6008: 5408:, are often described as fundamentally undemocratic, contrary to the UN mission, and a main cause of inaction on genocides and 1978: 1623: 1388: 1353: 803: 4254:

were launched in 2015 to succeed the Millennium Development Goals. The SDGs have an associated financing framework called the

16692: 16491: 15528: 15171: 14791: 14694: 14660: 14563: 14543: 14474: 14262: 14233: 14211: 14102: 14035: 13823: 13768: 13075: 13038: 12995: 12971: 12940: 12916: 12894: 12875: 12854: 12826: 12802: 12768: 12749: 12725: 12706: 12685: 12663: 12395: 11981: 11823: 11717: 11314: 11271: 11051: 11012: 10575: 9823: 9730: 9462: 7207: 7106: 6930: 6722: 6604: 6481: 6413: 5948: 5889: 5431: 4154: 4127: 4119: 3961: 2960: 2650: 2646: 1400: 1171: 9876: 8229: 1375:

From the late 1990s to the early 2000s, international interventions authorized by the UN took a wider variety of forms. The

17087: 17077: 16485: 16407: 16046: 15890: 15861: 15478: 15321: 14615: 14238: 14008: 13594: 13579: 13562: 12050: 10061: 9492: 9320: 8911: 6275: 5698: 5555: 4399: 4262: 3876: 3578: 3411: 2061: 1998: 1191: 12620: 11625: 10687: 10194: 8003: 7528: 6966: 6517: 6380: 5939:

Some sources identify seventeen specialized agencies, taking into account the three specialized agencies that make up the

17072: 16925: 16915: 16251: 15602: 15251: 14706: 14701: 14125: 13993: 13855: 13758: 13681: 13621: 11760: 11648: 5660: 5616: 5416: 5319:, was awarded the prize in 1957 for his role in organizing the UN's first peacekeeping force to resolve the Suez Crisis. 4493: 4449: 4166: 3758: 3740: 2878: 2006: 1994: 1648: 1047:: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, the Soviet Union and China — and by a majority of the other 46 nations. 881: 880:

The first step towards the establishment of the United Nations was the Inter-Allied Conference in London that led to the

621: 316: 11374: 8625: 8252:"Jerusalem Court: No Immunity for UN Employee for Private Acts—Diplomatic/Consular Law and Sovereign Immunity in Israel" 6632: 6215: 16842: 16832: 16557: 16425: 16383: 16107: 15928: 15564: 15407: 15337: 14827: 14072: 13860: 13850: 13522: 13485: 10491: 7950: 5547:

In the United States, there were concerns about supposed threats to national sovereignty, most notably promoted by the

5224: 4088: 3365: 1832: 1549: 1332:, critics of the UN condemned the organization for perceived mismanagement and corruption. In 1984, American President 1281: 687: 656: 543: 203: 15630: 12272: 1025:

By 1 March 1945, 21 additional states had signed the Declaration by the United Nations. After months of planning, the

17210: 17138: 17092: 16769: 16341: 16233: 15619: 15483: 15473: 15448: 15377: 15342: 15301: 15270: 14876: 14812: 14496: 14228: 14097: 13828: 13808: 13748: 13733: 13145: 11434: 10713: 8322: 5952: 5879: 5694: 5628: 5323: 4421: 4278: 3744: 3603: 3458: 3298: 2837: 2707: 2586: 951: 815: 12565: 8725: 1058:

beginning in January 1946. Debates began at once, covering topical issues such as the presence of Russian troops in

16685: 16371: 16365: 16275: 16221: 15687: 15544: 15417: 15402: 15357: 14962: 14723: 13892: 12430: 12204:"UK helped Saudi Arabia get UN human rights role through 'secret deal' to exchange votes, leaked documents suggest" 11929: 7885: 5884: 5580: 4162: 4042:

A Nepalese soldier on a peacekeeping deployment providing security at a rice distribution site in Haiti during 2010

4023:

in the 1970s, and the Rwandan genocide in 1994. Similarly, UN inaction is blamed for failing to either prevent the

3911: 2207:

opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security", a phrase that secretaries-general since

2087: 2055: 2020: 1838: 1572: 644: 558: 12591: 11840: 9572: 8751: 6182: 4265:(or the UNDP), an organization for grant-based technical assistance, is one of the leading bodies in the field of 1021:

The UN in 1945: founding members in light blue, protectorates and territories of the founding members in dark blue

17133: 16992: 16449: 16395: 16377: 16149: 16039: 15468: 15397: 15392: 15265: 14892: 14479: 13897: 13882: 13451: 13427: 12372: 9351: 9235: 9098: 8953: 8594: 5977: 5345: 4420:

in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992; which sought to give new impetus to these efforts. In 1988, the UNEP and the

3872: 2642: 2074: 2035: 1973: 1814: 1671: 1568: 1564: 1533: 1529: 1361: 1044: 982: 742: 671: 667: 562: 554: 35: 11730: 11469: 10657: 10232: 17054: 16809: 15943: 15920: 15900: 15597: 15574: 15523: 15493: 15463: 15443: 15438: 15387: 15275: 14077: 13601: 13537: 13439: 12763:. Legal Aspects of International Organization. Vol. 50. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 10739: 10083: 6337: 4453: 3976:(or UNTSO) have been stationed in the Middle East since 1948, the longest-running active peacekeeping mission. 3618: 2581: 2160: 1697: 1641: 1541: 1364:

faced worldwide ridicule for its indecisive and confused mission in the face of ethnic cleansing. In 1994, the

1152: 908:, unanimously adopted adherence to the common principles of policy set forth by Britain and the United States. 838: 679: 659:. By the 1970s, the UN's budget for economic and social development programmes vastly exceeded its spending on 570: 306: 950:", referring to the four major Allied countries, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and 174: 16611: 16443: 16137: 15569: 15518: 15513: 15503: 15498: 15488: 15458: 15422: 15412: 15367: 15306: 15296: 15291: 14910: 14771: 14689: 14610: 14568: 14528: 14456: 14137: 14062: 14047: 13376: 6085: 5802: 5790:, a Hymn to the United Nations was performed on the occasion of its 26th anniversary, on 24 October 1971, by 5739: 5640: 4251: 4076: 1483: 1039: 963: 932: 754: 719: 601: 411: 293: 190: 11549: 9176: 4367:, which also dedicates part of its resources to combating HIV, is the world's largest source of funding for 1715: 17205: 16754: 16521: 16473: 15933: 15761: 15508: 15382: 15372: 15352: 15347: 14869: 14677: 14538: 13308: 13160: 11379: 9922: 9146: 9034: 8177: 6988: 6297: 5899: 5507: 5415:

Jacques Fomerand state that the most enduring divide in views of the UN is "the North–South split" between

5389: 5378: 5238:

UN peacekeeping missions are assessed to be generally successful. A book looking at 47 peace operations by

5206: 4247: 4032: 4020: 3927: 2615: 2419: 1463: 1164: 9514: 4161:

was formed in 1993 to oversee human rights issues for the UN, following the recommendation of that year's

2773: 16935: 16515: 16437: 16185: 15938: 15549: 15362: 15311: 15215: 13753: 13572: 10457: 9846: 7907: 5491: 5471: 4305: 4080: 3939: 2919: 13912: 12531: 12014: 11951: 7847: 7330: 7263: 7138: 6891: 6633:"Roosevelt, Churchill And The Creation Of The United Nations – The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Foundation" 3067: 1482:

reaffirmed the UN's focus on promoting development, peacekeeping, human rights and global security. The

17143: 16952: 16729: 16509: 16329: 16317: 16031: 15948: 15884: 15807: 14548: 14511: 14506: 14092: 13840: 13512: 13400: 13052: 8806: 7457: 6245: 5778: 5530: 4444:

Since the UN's creation, over 80 colonies have attained independence. The General Assembly adopted the

4413: 4072: 4007: 3981: 3083: 2172: 1686: 1545: 1357: 1254: 1121: 1009:

in February 1945, and further negotiations with the Soviet Union, before all the issues were resolved.

994:, the leader of the Soviet Union, met and discussed the idea of a post-war international organization. 846: 780: 531: 160: 15710: 12230: 12051:"Law's Migration: American Exceptionalism, Silent Dialogues, and Federalism's Multiple Ports of Entry" 9692: 6754: 2058:– a supervisory committee consisting of the assembly's president, vice-presidents, and committee heads 15953: 14281: 14267: 14155: 13798: 13703: 13686: 13357: 12173: 11171: 9261: 6683: 5864: 5631:

have proposed legislation to block various UN programs deemed to threaten U.S. sovereignty. In 2023,

4336: 4266: 4255: 3969: 3698: 3693: 3216: 1948: 1306: 1144: 1002: 703: 585: 12116: 9284: 1785:—is elected by the General Assembly for a five-year mandate and is the UN's foremost representative. 16945: 16359: 16203: 16173: 16062: 15983: 14982: 14967: 14573: 14558: 14143: 13127: 13123: 13107: 11306: 10605: 9752: 6115: 4464: 4288: 4016: 4003: 3800: 3361: 3360:. Each of these entities have their own area of work, governance structure, and budget such as the 1754:

May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states or suggestions to the Security Council (UNSC);

1348:, initiated further management reforms in the face of threats from the US to withhold its UN dues. 974: 11815: 11809: 10537: 8776: 8199: 8125: 2079: 1763:

Elects the non-permanent members of the UNSC; all members of the Economic and Social Council; the

1422:

in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and sent observers and chemical weapons inspectors to the

997:

The new international organisation was formulated and negotiated amongst the delegations from the

764: 17175: 17118: 16930: 16708: 16125: 16006: 14518: 13301: 13030: 11057: 10890:

Implementation of General Assembly resolutions 55/235 and 55/236: Report of the Secretary-General

9120: 8978: 8671: 8151: 7560: 6592: 5859: 5738:. An independent inquiry created by the UN found that many of its officials had been involved in 5663: 5652: 5409: 5139: 4270: 4157:

in 1989. With the end of the Cold War, the push for human rights action took on new impetus. The

3749: 2654: 998: 613: 11871: 10654:"A/Res/73/271: Scale of assessments for the apportionment of the expenses of the United Nations" 9955: 8510: 8439: 14998: 14605: 14067: 13788: 13059: 13018: 12500: 12046: 10916: 10867: 9540: 8862: 8303: 5731: 5623:. The UNHRC has likewise been accused of anti-Israel bias by Ex-President of the United States 5608: 5563: 5559: 5220: 4468: 3124: 1898: 1451: 1392: 1356:

was widely viewed as a failure after the United States' withdrawal following casualties in the

1113: 924: 857: 631:

The UN's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its initial decades due in part to

539: 233: 62: 12302: 11407:"'End Security Council veto' to halt Syria violence, UN human rights chief says amid deadlock" 10164: 6922: 6471: 1159:; however, the UN was unable to intervene against the Soviet Union's simultaneous invasion of 15767: 15176: 14832: 14804: 14796: 14593: 14491: 14204: 13646: 13367: 13027:

The United Nations Security Council and War: The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945

12816: 8548: 8344: 7791: 5719: 5703: 5377:, the chances of reaching any consensus had been slim, which is why the UN had stood idle as 5260: 5131: 3968:(or UNMOGIP), consists of 113 civilians and experts charged with monitoring the ceasefire in 2450: 2213: 1990: 1775: 1677: 1522: 1439: 1404: 1341: 1340:(or UNESCO) over allegations of mismanagement, followed by the United Kingdom and Singapore. 885: 799: 14635: 10803:"Regular budget and working capital fund - Committee on Contributions - UN General Assembly" 5682:. Sahnoun claims that between the start of the Somali civil war in 1988 and the fall of the 5514:. Three years later, the Soviets effectively forced the resignation of UN Secretary-General 5215: 1245:

With an increasing Third World presence and the failure of UN mediation in conflicts in the

722:

may be granted consultative status with the Economic and Social Council and other agencies.

17108: 17022: 16759: 15963: 14822: 14786: 14781: 14733: 14464: 13713: 13212: 12181: 11765: 10768: 9428: 8070: 5759: 5239: 4383: 4328: 4309: 3683: 3538: 3483: 3369: 3332: 3108: 2985: 2944: 1506: 1435: 1298: 707: 695: 14554:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

10316: 7501: 7484: 5727:(or the OIOS) was established by the General Assembly to serve as an efficiency watchdog. 5276: 4315: 3948: 1242:. The resolution was repealed on 16 December 1991, shortly after the end of the Cold War. 814:

never joined. On 10 January 1920, the League of Nations formally came into being when the

787:

were formed to ensure protection and assistance for victims of armed conflict and strife.

592:, which was characterized as being ineffective. On 25 April 1945, 50 nations assembled in 8: 17032: 17027: 16890: 16353: 14861: 14523: 13246: 12926: 12761:

Admission to the United Nations: Charter Article 4 and the Rise of Universal Organization

11418: 10121: 9788: 7972: 7568: 5678:, a book in which he analyses the reasons for the failure of the 1992 UN intervention in 5567: 5243: 4368: 4194:

United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women

4024: 3989: 1608: 1478:. Progress towards these goals, which were to be met by 2015, was ultimately uneven. The 1132: 1112:. Two notable exceptions were a Security Council resolution on 7 July 1950 authorizing a 1035: 978: 643:

and their respective allies. Its mission has included the provision of primarily unarmed

535: 31: 15785: 15743: 13339: 13115: 13049:

No Enchanted Palace: The End of Empire and the Ideological Origins of the United Nations

12904: 11872:"The Master Conspiracy of the John Birch Society: From Communism to the New World Order" 11197: 8035:"U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres: My Vision for Revitalizing the United Nations" 6025: 2544: 2324: 2221: 2185: 2064:– responsible for determining the credentials of each member nation's UN representatives 1495: 1187: 1097: 730: 344: 16863: 15660: 15003: 14655: 12981: 12950: 12930: 12840: 12836: 12652: 12153: 12083: 12075: 11891: 10627: 6857: 6831: 6539: 5735: 5596: 5548: 5535: 5254: 4364: 4111: 4064: 3898: 3846: 3337: 2638: 2016:

Draft resolutions can be forwarded to the General Assembly by its six main committees:

1940:

Has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly to serve staggered three-year mandates.

1318: 1148: 1059: 916: 905: 207: 17: 13287: 10802: 10346: 9056: 8387: 6565: 6153: 6055: 4467:

that bring awareness to issues of international interest or concern; examples include

4173:, and in 2011 it passed its first resolution recognizing the rights of members of the 17128: 16997: 16962: 16905: 16873: 16790: 15853: 15665: 15661: 14665: 14620: 14600: 14485: 14255: 14149: 14087: 13887: 13348: 13188: 13071: 13064: 13034: 12991: 12985: 12967: 12936: 12912: 12890: 12871: 12850: 12849:. Vol. 3: Defender of the Realm, 1940–1965. New York: Little Brown and Company. 12822: 12798: 12774: 12764: 12745: 12721: 12702: 12696: 12681: 12659: 12481: 12391: 12087: 11895: 11819: 11713: 11557: 11310: 11267: 11233: 11047: 11008: 10983: 10290: 8465: 7706: 7506: 7213: 7203: 7102: 6926: 6915: 6851: 6718: 6600: 6477: 6409: 6359: 5707: 5670:

In 1994, former special representative of the secretary-general of the UN to Somalia

5487: 5478: 5459: 5312: 5303: 4181: 4131: 4115: 3103: 2903: 2139: 1982: 1799: 1703: 1576: 1479: 1467: 1458: 1195: 987: 940: 889: 807: 772: 738: 652: 617: 589: 504: 359: 12231:"U.N. Watchdog Slams 'Scandalous' Choice of Saudi Arabia to Head Human Rights Panel" 10938: 8466:"General Assembly of the United Nations: Rules of Procedure: XII – Plenary Meetings" 6005: 1017: 651:

in the 1960s. Since then, 80 former colonies have gained independence, including 11

17148: 17017: 16940: 15978: 15186: 14221: 14161: 14131: 13813: 13507: 13262: 12790: 12512: 12473: 12067: 12058: 11922:"Roll Call 163 Roll Call 163, Bill Number: H. R. 1757, 105th Congress, 1st Session" 11883: 10973: 10579: 10126: 9847:"U.N. sued for 'bringing cholera to Haiti,' causing outbreak that killed thousands" 7496: 5940: 5822: 5575: 5490:, when Taiwan was denied membership into the World Health Organization despite its 5405: 4301: 4059: 4028: 3858: 3356:

The United Nations system includes a myriad of autonomous, separately administered

3177: 3165: 2931: 2760: 1930:

Responsible for co-operation between states as regards economic and social matters;

1600: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1423: 1369: 1175: 1051: 1006: 893: 699: 625: 609: 550: 258: 253: 243: 238: 124: 107: 77: 12182:"ADL: UN Human Rights Council Resolution Reveals 'Cancerous Bias' Against Israel." 11985: 9872: 9815: 9722: 9454: 9374:"The UN75 Declaration, Our Common Agenda and the development of international law" 9286:

A Moment of Possibility: The Rise and Fall of the New International Economic Order

8225: 3964:(or UNMISS), which has close to 19,200 uniformed personnel, and the smallest, the 2181: 16977: 16972: 16967: 16885: 13584: 13167: 12865: 12786: 12739: 12501:"The Re-Emergence of Conquest: International Law and the Legitimate Use of Force" 12417: 12379: 12258: 12238: 12217: 12208: 12188: 12169: 12148: 11438: 11413: 10874: 10862: 8907: 8370: 8351: 8332: 8310: 6715:

The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler

6012: 5836: 5671: 5600: 5467: 5369: 4372: 4352: 4324: 3149: 2862: 2819: 2095: 1985:, leader of the Soviet Union, addressing the UN General Assembly in December 1988 1592: 1471: 283: 269: 248: 92: 14846: 12678:

Soldiers of Diplomacy: The United Nations, Peacekeeping, and the New World Order

12091: 11501:"The European Union: The World's Biggest Sovereignty Experiment", CFR World 101" 10190: 10053: 9484: 9312: 6958: 6267: 5844: 5551:, which mounted a nationwide campaign in opposition to the UN during the 1960s. 3358:

funds, programmes, research and training institutes, and other subsidiary bodies

1802:. Its fifteen judges are elected by the UN General Assembly for nine-year terms. 15050: 13022: 12673: 12613: 12516: 11782: 11617: 11347: 10679: 7524: 6750: 6509: 6372: 5969: 5624: 5439: 5356: 5167: 4611: 4457: 4433: 4429: 4363:(or UNAIDS) co-ordinated the organization's response to the AIDS epidemic. The 4293: 4051: 3241: 3026: 2885: 2273: 1322: 1210: 955: 947: 873: 850: 768: 683: 648: 15699: 12477: 11887: 11118:"Remarks to the Members of the United States Committee for United Nations Day" 10978: 10965: 4135: 1466:(or MDGs), a commitment to achieve international development in areas such as 1174:(or UNOC), the largest military force of its early decades, to bring order to 876:, an executive branch, and an international assembly of forty UN member states 17169: 15755: 15693: 15055: 13218: 12778: 12485: 11710:

The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History

11561: 10987: 10888: 10084:"Frequently Asked Questions: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" 8617: 7510: 6207: 5420: 5228: 5151: 4515: 4446:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

4084: 3998: 3643: 3638: 3630: 3625: 3558: 3510: 3505: 3478: 3470: 3465: 3443: 3423: 3418: 3323: 3185: 3172: 2980: 2926: 2649:, which co-ordinates information-gathering efforts between agencies, and the 2388: 1490: 1486:(or SDGs) were launched in 2015 to succeed the Millennium Development Goals. 1475: 1419: 1415: 1333: 1183: 1074: 1030: 991: 936: 811: 798:, advocated for a world body to guarantee peace. The winners of the war, the 636: 593: 546: 374: 278: 154: 15840: 10483: 8946:"Welcome to csonet.org | Website of the UN DESA NGO Branch. At your service" 7942: 7217: 5615:'s Faisal bin Hassan Trad was elected chair of an advisory committee in the 3883:

as a short-lived rival to the UN, Indonesia resumed its membership in 1966.

2163:. The presidency of the Security Council rotates alphabetically each month. 1265: 1206:, which would become one of the UN's longest-running peacekeeping missions. 1100:

was a particularly active secretary-general from 1953 until he died in 1961.

17037: 16957: 16910: 15730: 15126: 14851: 14728: 14588: 13589: 13014: 12812: 10117:"U.N. Gay Rights Protection Resolution Passes, Hailed As 'Historic Moment'" 5973: 5850: 5612: 5604: 5451: 5364: 5308: 5268: 5246:

found that UN-led conflict resolution usually resulted in long-term peace.

5147: 4875: 4417: 3850: 3563: 2603: 2260: 2143: 2083: 1575:, and additional UN institutions are located throughout the world. The six 1384: 1140: 1105: 1067: 901: 660: 640: 605: 581: 574: 288: 218: 198: 16677: 15245: 13282: 12818:

The Parliament of Man: The Past, Present, and Future of the United Nations

11431: 10709: 8777:"International Court of Justice | Definition, Cases, Purpose, & Facts" 8721: 6510:"Inter-Allied Council Statement on the Principles of the Atlantic Charter" 4488:

Top 25 contributors to the United Nations budget for the period 2022–2024

4151:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

2653:, which co-ordinates efforts between UN agencies and NGOs working towards 1505:

On 13 June 2019, the UN signed a Strategic Partnership Framework with the

17123: 17002: 16982: 16895: 16880: 16795: 15779: 15121: 15093: 14817: 14631:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

12557: 6302: 5965: 5795: 5766: 5656: 5382: 5302:

A number of agencies and individuals associated with the UN have won the

5183: 4899: 4827: 4707: 4277:

by poverty, literacy, education, life expectancy, and other factors. The

4097:

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission

4054:

came only weeks after the signing of the charter, resulting in the first

4047: 3915: 3892: 3862: 3804: 3305: 3264: 3223: 3131: 2967: 2844: 2526: 2513: 2225: 2151: 1894: 1411: 1310: 1250: 1246: 1227: 1215: 1156: 967: 959: 912: 872:

1943 sketch by Franklin Roosevelt of the UN original three branches: The

863: 791: 16061: 13066:

United Nations, Divided World: The UN's Roles in International Relations

12079: 11921: 8747: 7877: 7434: 5830: 5518:

by refusing to acknowledge his administration due to his support of the

5235:

interests of member states and in particular of the permanent members.

5134:(or GNI), with adjustments for external debt and low per capita income. 1947:

Was originally designed to manage colonial possessions that were former

1757:

Decides on the admission of new members, following proposal by the UNSC;

1093: 17007: 15773: 15737: 15088: 15008: 14718: 13783: 12587: 9576: 8590: 5791: 5747: 5743: 5706:

in the 21st century have led to debate on possible re-emergence of the

5683: 5526: 5519: 5515: 5430:, for different ways of electing the UN's secretary-general, and for a 3653: 3518: 3282: 3197: 2482: 2292: 2208: 2135: 1552:, suspended its operations on 1 November 1994 upon the independence of 1345: 1269: 1117: 1078: 928: 849:, after the appeal for international intervention by Ethiopian Emperor 775:

appealing Italy's invasion in 1936 which the League failed to intervene

11004:

Does Peacekeeping Work?: Shaping Belligerents' Choices After Civil War

10228: 9873:"Resolutions Adopted by the General Assembly During its First Session" 9343: 9231: 9094: 9027:"What are UN specialized agencies, and how many are there? – Ask DAG!" 8945: 4436:

set legally binding emissions reduction targets for ratifying states.

4281:(or the FAO) promotes agricultural development and food security. The 4169:

consisting of 47 nations. Also in 2006, the General Assembly passed a

1054:, with 51 nations represented, and the Security Council took place in 690:, although the Trusteeship Council has been suspended since 1994. The 17113: 16868: 12735: 12071: 11343:"UN failed to prevent 'ethnic slaughter in Sri Lanka' – Barack Obama" 10966:"Selective Attention: The United Security Council and Armed Conflict" 10653: 9004: 6329: 5816: 5636: 5632: 5592: 5495: 5043: 4755: 4472: 4382:, the UN takes a leading role in co-ordinating emergency relief. The 3902:

the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at the

3868: 3318: 3277: 2732: 2607: 1560: 1190:, often named as one of the UN's most effective secretaries-general, 842: 691: 566: 12987:

A Lethal Obsession: Anti-Semitism from Antiquity to the Global Jihad

12340:"Inside the Tennessee legislature, where a GOP supermajority reigns" 10735: 8335:, Judgement 986, consideration 7, and Judgment 831, Consideration 1. 7792:"Syria: Chemical weapons team faces many dangers, says UN chief Ban" 2645:, which coordinates and promotes sustainable forest management, the 1276: 1120:, passed in the absence of the Soviet Union, and the signing of the 16920: 16858: 16837: 15958: 15131: 13708: 13696: 13271: 13267: 13126:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

11094:. Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations. Archived from 7464: 5909: 5620: 5570: 5374: 4340: 4296:

reading the news that smallpox has been globally eradicated in 1980

4199: 3985: 3842: 3821: 3678: 3236: 2939: 2768: 2557: 2147: 2001:, but emergency sessions can be summoned. The assembly is led by a 1329: 1314: 1222:

was given the Chinese seat on the Security Council in place of the

1109: 632: 15833:

Provisional Secretary-General prior to the election of Trygve Lie.

12658:. Contemporary World Issues. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 11302:

Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of Universal Justice

8066:"World Economic Forum and UN Sign Strategic Partnership Framework" 5193:

Special UN programmes not included in the regular budget, such as

4246:

ECOSOC. In 2000, the 192 UN member states agreed to achieve eight

4130:, drafted by a committee headed by American diplomat and activist 4046:

In addition to peacekeeping, the UN is also active in encouraging

3926:

The overarching strategy of the United Nations is captured in the

15749: 15111: 15073: 14626:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

13293: 13207: 10387: 10145: 9204: 9200:"What happened when Indonesia 'withdrew' from the United Nations" 9172: 5787: 5679: 5163: 5091: 5019: 4587: 4356: 3907: 3826: 3705: 3670: 3598: 3590: 3431: 3062: 3049: 2401: 2369: 2356: 2119: 2115: 1828:— For global economic and social affairs — 1605:

Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations

1579:

of the UN, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are

1235: 1199: 1160: 389: 168: 9026: 8173: 7937: 7935: 7078:. Leiden, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 6540:"Press Conference On Franklin Delano Roosevelt Disability Award" 3002:

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

1792:

Decides disputes between states that recognize its jurisdiction;

1338:

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

17012: 16900: 15116: 15045: 15040: 13773: 13691: 13661: 13626: 13242: 12909:

Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements

12741:

Tower of Babble: How the United Nations Has Fueled Global Chaos

10856:

Contributions to UN Peacekeeping Operations by Country and Post

10490:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 10247: 8890: 8888: 8410: 8408: 7818:"UN failed during final days of Lankan ethnic war: Ban Ki-moon" 7386: 5904: 5870:

List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations

5511: 5194: 5187: 5179: 5171: 5067: 4995: 4971: 4947: 4851: 4803: 4779: 4683: 4635: 4320: 4282: 3897:

The Group of 77 (or the G77) at the UN is a loose coalition of

3880: 3718: 3453: 3438: 3310: 3269: 3228: 3095: 3054: 3021: 3008: 3001: 2972: 2898: 2890: 2849: 2755: 2337: 2305: 2123: 1580: 1337: 1239: 1223: 1136: 1063: 1055: 823: 715: 711: 13230: 10461: 4144:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

3918:(or the G-24), which operates in the IMF on monetary affairs. 990:

followed shortly afterwards at which Roosevelt, Churchill and

935:

was drafted on 29 December 1941, by Roosevelt, Churchill, and

666:

The UN comprises six principal operational organizations: the

16987: 16744: 16228:

Peoples’ Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War

15181: 15083: 15078: 15035: 13671: 11789: 11588:"Taiwan Challenges UN Exclusion on Sidelines of COP26 Summit" 11263:

Problem of Ethnicity: Role of United Nations in Kosovo Crisis

10680:"General Assembly approves $ 3.59 billion UN budget for 2024" 10506: 8226:"General Assembly of the United Nations – Rules of Procedure" 7932: 6659:"Roosevelt, Churchill And The Creation Of The United Nations" 5289:

Reviewing the first 50 years of the UN's history, the author

5175: 5159: 5155: 4923: 4731: 4659: 4563: 4539: 4348: 3665: 3613: 3585: 3545: 3493: 3192: 3144: 3090: 3013: 2809: 2796: 2727: 2714: 2495: 2463: 2131: 2127: 1955: 1553: 1219: 919:. Roosevelt, considered a founder of the UN, coined the term 831: 827: 12532:"Watchdog Organization Struggles to Decrease UN Bureaucracy" 10411: 10259: 9998: 8885: 8810: 8405: 7657:"Jean Gerard, 58, Reagan Envoy Who Led U.S. to Leave Unesco" 5423:

UN that focuses on transnational threats such as terrorism.

3966:

United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan

1819:— For international security issues — 1414:, the UN intervened with peacekeepers in crises such as the 1234:, over strenuous American and Israeli opposition, declaring 16764: 13193:(in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Russian) 11982:"Rep. Paul Introduces American Sovereignty Restoration Act" 11432:"Amnesty calls on UN powers to lose veto on genocide votes" 10738:. UN System Chief Executives Board for Coordination. 2023. 10712:. UN System Chief Executives Board for Coordination. 2023. 10518: 10209: 10010: 9974: 9672: 9660: 8830: 8828: 8004:"Can U.N. regain trust with an experiment in transparency?" 6731: 6173: 6171: 5554:

Beginning in the 1990s, the same concern appeared with the

4388:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

4174: 3906:(or the UNCTAD). The group held its first major meeting in 3854: 3710: 3573: 3550: 3406: 3136: 2857: 2801: 2719: 2432: 1509:

in order to "jointly accelerate" the implementation of the

1447: 1380: 14891: 13252: 11680:"UN tours open to terror and thug states – but not Taiwan" 11140: 10399: 9903: 9891: 9541:"The UN's Role in Nation Building: From the Congo to Iraq" 9257: 9075: 8840: 7759: 7679: 7636: 7624: 7600: 7422: 7410: 7398: 7365: 7095:

The Study Commission on U.S. Policy Toward Southern Africa

5730:

In 2004, the UN faced accusations that its recently ended

17044: 13236: 13197: 12887:

Capital of the World: The Race to Host the United Nations

12462:"The Challenges to International Law in the 21st Century" 11470:"The urgent need for UNSC reform: A path to global peace" 11443: 10825: 10440: 10438: 8702: 8690: 7973:"Communicating to a global constituency: UN Day in Paris" 7325: 7323: 7175:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. 7125: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7117: 6939: 6473:

The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen

5687: 4344: 4087:. Three UN bodies oversee arms proliferation issues: the 3533: 1691:— Administrative organ of the UN — 737:

The UN, its officers, and its agencies have won multiple

628:, nearly all of the world's recognized sovereign states. 463: 11807: 11450: 11375:"Obama's best seller refers to 'ethnic slaughter in SL'" 10423: 10271: 10034: 9986: 9614:"A U.N. Peacekeeping Mission Is Afghanistan's Best Hope" 9005:"The UN System, Chief Executives Board for Coordination" 8825: 8652: 8571: 8529: 8488: 8420: 7726: 7308: 7236: 7074:

Miller, Russell A.; Bratspies, Rebecca M., eds. (2008).

6168: 5383:

U.S. planes dropped napalm on the Vietnamese countryside

2284:

Served as acting secretary-general until Lie's election

2021:

First Committee (Disarmament and International Security)

841:

in 1933. Forty nations voted for Japan to withdraw from

13202: 11152: 11072: 10022: 9648: 8203: 8121: 7525:"Is China contributing to the United Nations' mission?" 6803: 5417:

richer Northern nations and developing Southern nations

5355:

In a sometimes-misquoted statement, American President

4424:(or the WMO), another UN organization, established the 3776: 2 eligible Non-Member States (Niue, Cook Islands) 2036:

Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization)

2009:

in London and comprised representatives of 51 nations.

1288: 898:

governments in exile of countries under Axis occupation

743:

criticized it for ineffectiveness, bias, and corruption

15883: 13198:

The United Nations Regional Information Centre (UNRIC)

13182: 10837: 10783: 10556: 10435: 9591: 8926: 8147: 7840: 7771: 7747: 7612: 7485:"How International Actors Help Enforce Domestic Deals" 7383:

See Meisler, p. 76; Kennedy, p. 60; Fasulo, pp. 17, 20

7353: 7320: 7153: 7114: 7019:"San Francisco – the birthplace of the United Nations" 6476:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 140–141. 3351: 2594:

from Serbia in 2008 did not violate international law.

2107:

Article 25. The decisions of the council are known as

1182:

by 11 May 1964. While travelling to meet rebel leader

864:

Declarations by the Allies of World War II (1941–1944)

553:

to the United States, and the UN has other offices in

17181:

Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty

11839:

Spangler, Jerry D.; Bernick, Bob Jr. (16 June 2003).

11811:

Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort

10165:"United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues" 9408: 9396: 8640: 8282: 8090: 7224: 6116:"'The League is Dead. Long Live the United Nations.'" 5945:

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

5742:, and raised significant questions about the role of 5470:

alliance would help maintain world peace, preferring

4404:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

1292:

Marking of the UN's 70th anniversary – Budapest, 2015

549:, in international territory with certain privileges 470: 15969:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

14584:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

14534:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

13013: 11769:. Lincoln, Nebraska. 20 September 1964. p. 5F. 5812: 5328:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

5249:

Political scientists Hanne Fjelde, Lisa Hultman and

4140:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

4093:

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

2031:

Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural)

1933:

Co-ordinates co-operation between the UN's numerous

884:

on 12 June 1941. By August 1941, American President

12271:Satija, Neena; McCrimmon, Ryan (26 February 2015). 11984:. US Fed News Service. 1 March 1997. Archived from 10893:. United Nations General Assembly. 28 December 2021 9636: 9313:"Group of 24 (G-24): Meaning, Benefits, Criticisms" 9197: 8549:"Current Members | United Nations Security Council" 8270: 8102: 6402:United Nations, Dept of Public Information (1986). 5388:Since its founding, there have been many calls for 4027:or complete the peacekeeping operations during the 3372:), protecting vulnerable and displaced people (the 2635:

United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

2602:and occupies the body's former headquarters in the 1127:On 29 November 1947, the General Assembly approved 794:, several major leaders, especially U.S. President 779:In the century prior to the UN's creation, several 14641:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 13063: 12651: 11926:Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives 11731:"Character Sketches: Trygve Lie by Brian Urquhart" 10767:. United Nations. 22 December 2006. Archived from 8771: 8769: 8254:. Diplomaticlaw.com. 23 March 2009. Archived from 8202:. United Nations Office at Nairobi. Archived from 7789: 7202:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 778. 6914: 6516:. Lillian Goldman Law Library. 24 September 1941. 6360:https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859628.003.0004 5558:, which has been introduced multiple times in the 4069:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 3904:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 3043:United Nations Industrial Development Organization 2667:List of specialized agencies of the United Nations 2637:, which advises UN agencies on issues relating to 1958:, the last trust territory, attained independence. 943:, which Stalin approved after Roosevelt insisted. 14777:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 13110:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 12797:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 12701:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 12431:"Is the United Nations an Effective Institution?" 11649:"The United Nations Needs to Treat Taiwan Fairly" 9845:Watson, Ivan; Vaccarello, Joe (10 October 2013). 8200:"Welcome to the United Nations Office at Nairobi" 8174:"Welcome to the United Nations Office at Vienna!" 7561:"Peacekeeping Operations Expenditures: 1947–2005" 6884:"Milestones 1941-1950: Dumbarton Oaks Conference" 6853:Video: Allies Study Post-War Security Etc. (1944) 6599:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 397. 4477:International Year of Deserts and Desertification 4456:", the largest and most populous of which is the 4380:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 2575: 1997:, the assembly gathers at annual sessions at the 1403:was overseen by NATO. In 2003, the United States 17167: 13058: 11447:, Dated 25 February 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2020. 10963: 9844: 8809:. International Court of Justice. Archived from 5943:, which is now treated as one organization: the 5428:UN Security Council's membership to be increased 4200:Economic development and humanitarian assistance 4186:United Nations Commission on the Status of Women 16162:Mobilization for Sanctions Against South Africa 14751:World Federation of United Nations Associations 14246:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 12270: 12156:: How the Arab-Israeli Conflict Can Be Resolved 11838: 11761:"Sponsor Shrugs at Criticism of U.N. TV Series" 8766: 8500: 7073: 6179:"UN welcomes South Sudan as 193rd Member State" 5400:Core features of the UN apparatus, such as the 5395: 2790:International Fund for Agricultural Development 2592:Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence 1444:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 1377:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 1260: 1194:. Months later he was posthumously awarded the 16750:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 16017:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 15813:Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations 12835: 12785: 12273:"Conservative Lawmakers Target United Nations" 12045: 11422:, Dated 4 October 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2020. 10759: 10757: 10371:. The World Bank. 30 June 2003. Archived from 9784:"UN staff accused of raping children in Sudan" 8299: 8297: 7702:"Are UN reforms just reshuffling of the deck?" 6441:Tandon, Mahesh Prasad; Tandon, Rajesh (1989). 6401: 6181:. UN News Centre. 28 June 2006. Archived from 5794:, the lyrics to which were penned by the poet 5713: 4171:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People 2621: 2041:Fifth Committee (Administrative and Budgetary) 1297:than tenfold. The UN negotiated an end to the 810:was approved, and started operations, but the 16693: 16047: 15869: 15845: 15818:Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations 15646: 15231: 14877: 13309: 12251:"Human Rights Council president wants reform" 12158:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. 10540:. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 9753:"Aid workers in Liberia accused of sex abuse" 8973: 8971: 8505: 8503: 8388:"United Nations Charter, Chapter III: Organs" 6202: 6200: 6015:, United Nations. Retrieved 31 December 2021. 5772: 5702:assistance. The ineffectiveness of enforcing 5311:for his role in the organization's founding. 5211:Reform of the United Nations Security Council 3974:United Nations Truce Supervision Organization 1649: 1563:. Most other major agencies are based in the 1336:withdrew the United States' funding from the 802:, met to decide on formal peace terms at the 725:The UN's chief administrative officer is the 131: 114: 83: 16576:Creative Economy for Sustainable Development 16120:Action to Combat Racism and Racial Prejudice 14646:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 11298: 9950: 9948: 9923:"Mano River Basin, 25 years of peacekeeping" 6440: 5466:(contraption), and was not convinced that a 5426:There have also been numerous calls for the 4428:, which assesses and reports on research on 4237:Develop a global partnership for development 4231:Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 3984:documented a decline in the number of wars, 3944:List of United Nations peacekeeping missions 3933: 3376:), and combating the HIV/AIDS pandemic (the 2051:As well as by the following two committees: 1618:All organizations in the UN system obey the 1615:programmes and funds and other UN entities. 98: 68: 16707: 13208:United Nations Documentation Research Guide 12962:Weiss, Thomas G.; Daws, Sam, eds. (2009) . 12925: 12303:"State of Tennessee Public Chapter No. 479" 12009: 10754: 9121:"Charter of the United Nations: Chapter II" 8294: 7824:. Press Trust of India. 25 September 2013. 6809: 4452:. The committee lists seventeen remaining " 4343:had been completed. In subsequent decades, 3384:Programmes and funds of the United Nations 2676:Specialized agencies of the United Nations 2109:United Nations Security Council resolutions 1556:; the last remaining UN trustee territory. 1372:amidst indecision in the Security Council. 1305:, and oversaw democratic elections in post- 1027:UN Conference on International Organization 16700: 16686: 16600:Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development 16324:Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition 16054: 16040: 16012:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 15876: 15862: 15653: 15639: 15238: 15224: 14884: 14870: 14739:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 14651:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 13316: 13302: 13286: 13187: 12955:Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History 8968: 7097:, University of California Press, p. 6836:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6330:"League of Nations and Manchuria invasion" 6197: 5875:List of multilateral free-trade agreements 5492:relatively effective response to the virus 5200: 4393: 4361:Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 4149:In 1979, the General Assembly adopted the 3659:United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2628:United Nations Economic and Social Council 2232:Secretaries-general of the United Nations 1656: 1642: 983:Four Power Declaration on General Security 184: 16765:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 13146:Learn how and when to remove this message 13070:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 12964:The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations 12961: 12903: 11618:"Why Taiwan has become a problem for WHO" 11550:"UN rejects Taiwan application for entry" 11534:(in French). No. 102. Archived from 10977: 10964:Lundgren, Magnus; Klamberg, Mark (2022). 10831: 9945: 7870: 7500: 6981: 6945: 6785:"1942: Declaration of The United Nations" 6590: 5462:criticized the UN, famously calling it a 5445: 4426:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4408:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4269:. The organization also publishes the UN 4222:Promote gender equality and empower women 4190:United Nations Development Fund for Women 4159:United Nations Commission on Human Rights 3831:the first and only country that attempted 2749:International Civil Aviation Organization 2026:Second Committee (Economic and Financial) 534:with the intended purpose of maintaining 30:"UN" redirects here. For other uses, see 17201:1945 establishments in the United States 17186:Organizations awarded Nobel Peace Prizes 14168:Conference on International Organization 13239:– independent policy authority on the UN 12980: 12949: 12846:The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill 12715: 12498: 12337: 12163:"Don't be lynch mob, lawyers urge U.N.." 11814:. New York: The Guilford Press. p. 11499:Union, The European (14 February 2023). 11456: 11146: 10512: 10429: 10417: 10393: 10343:"Factsheet – The IMF and the World Bank" 10277: 10265: 10151: 10040: 10016: 9992: 9515:"United Nations Peacekeeping Operations" 9282: 9087: 8894: 8834: 8658: 8414: 8063: 8032: 7482: 6749: 6737: 6272:International Committee of the Red Cross 5214: 4314: 4287: 4126:In 1948, the General Assembly adopted a 4110: 4037: 3997: 3947: 3820: 3748: 3258:World Intellectual Property Organization 2600:Permanent Court of International Justice 2585: 2220:years. The current secretary-general is 2180: 2078: 1977: 1287: 1275: 1264: 1170:On 14 July 1960, the UN established the 1092: 1016: 867: 785:International Committee of the Red Cross 763: 759: 16770:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 14083:Office international d'hygiène publique 12863: 12811: 11869: 11795: 11229:"Bush implores U.N. to show 'backbone'" 11158: 11078: 10576:"The United Nations and Decolonization" 10524: 10291:"About UNICEF: Who we are: Our History" 10215: 10114: 10028: 10004: 9980: 9678: 9666: 9654: 9597: 9575:. Human Security Centre. Archived from 9426: 9165: 9049: 8708: 8696: 7777: 7765: 7753: 7732: 7685: 7642: 7630: 7618: 7606: 7470: 7440: 7428: 7416: 7404: 7392: 7371: 7359: 7314: 7242: 7230: 7197: 6951: 6743: 5895:World Summit on the Information Society 5753: 5542: 5508:China's seat at the UN Security Council 5456:French Committee of National Liberation 5317:Secretary of State for External Affairs 4035:, which killed more than 8,000 people. 3499:United Nations Capital Development Fund 2660: 2177:Secretary-General of the United Nations 1511:2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 1313:Cambodia. In 1991, the UN authorized a 1088: 698:, funds, and programmes, including the 14: 17168: 16654:Volunteers for Sustainable Development 16504:Solidarity with the Palestinian People 13878:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 12694: 12672: 12538:from the original on 20 September 2006 12466:Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 12428: 12373:"U.N. Resolutions Frequently Violated" 11841:"John Birch Society forges on in Utah" 11690:from the original on 14 September 2017 11659:from the original on 14 September 2017 11647:Lee, David Tawei (11 September 2017). 11525: 11226: 11039: 11000: 10915:. World Food Programme. Archived from 10843: 10789: 10736:"Financial Statistics: Total Expenses" 10562: 10460:. World Food Programme. Archived from 10444: 10405: 10253: 9909: 9897: 9608: 9606: 9414: 9402: 9232:"The Member States of the Group of 77" 9198:Gutierrez, Natashya (22 August 2016). 9081: 8932: 8857: 8855: 8846: 8646: 8577: 8535: 8494: 8426: 8288: 8276: 8228:. UN Department for General Assembly. 8108: 8096: 7696: 7694: 7531:from the original on 20 September 2016 7454:"A/RES/3379 (XXX) of 10 November 1975" 6912: 6821: 6591:Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2014). 6546:from the original on 20 September 2022 6469: 5783:On the request of then United Nations 5223:to the UN—diploma in the lobby of the 4463:The UN also declares and co-ordinates 4439: 4006:was established in 1974 following the 1635:Principal organs of the United Nations 1624:International Civil Service Commission 860:, the League effectively closed down. 27:Intergovernmental self-regulatory body 16681: 16035: 15857: 15844: 15634: 15219: 14865: 14792:UN television film series (1964–1966) 14544:International Narcotics Control Board 14475:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 14263:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 14234:Convention on the Rights of the Child 14212:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 13297: 13219:Multilingualism at the United Nations 12935:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 12911:. Vol. 4. Taylor & Francis. 12884: 12867:United Nations: The First Fifty Years 12758: 12720:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 12626:from the original on 16 November 2020 12594:from the original on 16 November 2020 12529: 12459: 12429:Norley, Matthew John Ribeiro (2013). 12202:Osborne, Samuel (30 September 2015), 12003: 11962:from the original on 14 November 2022 11932:from the original on 14 November 2022 11677: 11507:from the original on 21 December 2023 11498: 11480:from the original on 21 December 2023 11323:from the original on 16 November 2020 11299:Normand, Roger; Zaidi, Sarah (2003). 11280:from the original on 16 November 2020 11259: 11227:Greene, David L. (14 February 2003). 11208:from the original on 23 November 2018 11178:from the original on 22 November 2013 10742:from the original on 31 December 2023 10716:from the original on 31 December 2023 10690:from the original on 23 February 2024 10544:from the original on 12 December 2013 10229:"The UN Millennium Development Goals" 10197:from the original on 13 November 2013 10133:from the original on 13 November 2013 10064:from the original on 26 December 2013 9703:from the original on 11 November 2013 9690: 9553:from the original on 16 December 2008 9507: 9378:International Review of the Red Cross 9323:from the original on 13 December 2023 9293:from the original on 13 December 2023 9264:from the original on 12 November 2013 9037:from the original on 16 November 2020 8956:from the original on 27 November 2016 8591:"Security Council Presidency in 2017" 8446:from the original on 16 November 2018 8232:from the original on 19 December 2010 8218: 8014:from the original on 25 November 2016 7983:from the original on 24 November 2016 7790:Smith-Spark, Laura (8 October 2013). 7714:from the original on 6 September 2015 7654: 7502:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-033504 7296:from the original on 22 November 2018 7198:Roberts, J. M. (John Morris) (1993). 7159: 7029:from the original on 29 December 2016 6490:from the original on 15 December 2020 6451:from the original on 16 November 2020 6447:. 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In 1964, Hammarskjöld's successor, 1178:, restoring it to the control of the 1172:United Nations Operation in the Congo 1070:served as interim secretary-general. 384:Economic and Social Council President 17191:Organizations based in New York City 14616:United Nations Postal Administration 14251:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 13970:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 13237:United Nations Association of the UK 13174: 13090: 13062:; Kingsbury, Benedict, eds. (1994). 12870:. 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Sexual Abuse Alleged in Congo" 9642: 9517:. United Nations. 29 February 2016. 9212:from the original on 1 November 2016 9179:from the original on 25 October 2017 9153:from the original on 25 October 2017 9127:from the original on 28 October 2017 9101:from the original on 28 October 2017 8997: 8985:from the original on 9 November 2017 8979:"United Nations Charter: Chapter IX" 8914:from the original on 31 October 2013 8873:from the original on 18 October 2021 8754:from the original on 17 October 2013 8678:from the original on 7 November 2017 8672:"United Nations Charter: Chapter XV" 8597:from the original on 12 October 2013 8517:from the original on 3 November 2017 8472:from the original on 13 January 2012 8180:from the original on 5 November 2013 8154:from the original on 30 October 2013 8128:from the original on 6 November 2017 8045:from the original on 12 January 2017 8033:Guterres, António (9 January 2017). 8001: 7953:from the original on 2 November 2017 7920:from the original on 9 November 2017 7858:from the original on 6 November 2017 7828:from the original on 30 October 2013 7798:from the original on 2 December 2013 7667:from the original on 21 January 2014 7341:from the original on 26 October 2017 7179:from the original on 3 December 2013 7055:from the original on 12 January 2017 7049:"1945: The San Francisco Conference" 6969:from the original on 4 February 2017 6864:from the original on 4 December 2014 6791:from the original on 8 November 2015 6712: 6310:from the original on 4 December 2018 6056:"Chapter I: Purposes and Principles" 5556:American Sovereignty Restoration Act 4412:Beginning with the formation of the 4400:United Nations Environment Programme 4323:, UNHCR remains responsible for the 4216:Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 3579:United Nations Environment Programme 3412:United Nations Development Programme 1989:The General Assembly is the primary 1410:Under the eighth secretary-general, 1118:North Korean invasion of South Korea 1104:Though the UN's primary mandate was 1038:in August 1944. The drafting of the 600:and initialised the drafting of the 16588:Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 16534:Periodic Table of Chemical Elements 16528:Sustainable Tourism for Development 14019:Permanent representatives to the UN 13908:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 11808:Matthew Lyons; Chip Berlet (2000). 11773:from the original on 4 January 2024 11646: 9956:"United Nations Charter: Chapter I" 9763:from the original on 3 October 2014 9723:"UN troops face child abuse claims" 9603: 9341: 8852: 8615: 8511:"United Nations Charter: Chapter V" 8176:. United Nations Office at Vienna. 8150:. United Nations Office at Geneva. 8078:from the original on 7 January 2023 7691: 6999:from the original on 7 January 2017 6597:The Roosevelts: An Intimate History 5661:US Ambassador to the United Nations 5363:In 2020, former American President 4234:Ensure environmental sustainability 4219:Achieve universal primary education 3803:are members of the United Nations. 3741:Member states of the United Nations 3352:Funds, programmes, and other bodies 2879:International Maritime Organization 2154:). The five permanent members hold 2068: 1967: 1954:Has been inactive since 1994, when 1893:Responsible for the maintenance of 1498:, who had previously served as the 911:Roosevelt and Churchill met at the 586:aim of preventing future world wars 133:Organización de las Naciones Unidas 69: 24: 16843:International relations since 1989 16833:Diplomatic history of World War II 16755:International Criminal Court (ICC) 15929:Bank for International Settlements 15157:Presidency of the Security Council 14828:Withdrawal from the United Nations 14014:Security Council Permanent members 13323: 13249:– independent think tank on the UN 13006: 12406:Book Review by Gail M. Gerhart in 12144:For Wistrich, see Wistrich, p. 487 11387:from the original on 12 March 2022 10096:from the original on 13 April 2013 10054:"UN creates new human rights body" 9933:from the original on 13 March 2022 9879:from the original on 12 March 2008 9624:from the original on 10 March 2022 9521:from the original on 23 March 2016 9495:from the original on 23 April 2021 9465:from the original on 10 March 2022 8863:"Economic and Social Council | UN" 8728:from the original on 15 April 2016 8628:from the original on 10 March 2022 8559:from the original on 22 March 2022 7579:from the original on 30 March 2017 7558: 7527:. CSIS China Power. 7 March 2016. 7489:Annual Review of Political Science 7093:"South Africa: Time Running Out", 6694:from the original on 31 March 2016 6656: 6520:from the original on 3 August 2011 6383:from the original on 3 August 2018 6066:from the original on 18 March 2022 6036:from the original on 23 March 2024 5510:being given to the anti-communist 5404:privileges of some nations in the 5322:UNICEF won the prize in 1965, the 4134:, and including the French lawyer 4089:International Atomic Energy Agency 3877:conflict between the two countries 3366:International Atomic Energy Agency 2380:First non-European to hold office 1012: 635:tensions that existed between the 434:• Charter entered into force 25: 17222: 17196:Organizations established in 1945 17139:International political sociology 16666:Sustainable and Resilient Tourism 14813:United Nations in popular culture 14497:Expulsion from the United Nations 14442:General Assembly President (2016) 13086: 12460:Jeria, Michelle Bachelet (2016). 12441:from the original on 8 March 2022 12229:Moore, Jack (21 September 2915), 11741:from the original on 29 July 2022 11568:from the original on 29 July 2022 11355:from the original on 8 March 2022 11128:from the original on 8 March 2022 9816:"Peacekeepers 'abusing children'" 9691:Lynch, Colum (16 December 2004). 9435:from the original on 2 April 2011 9149:. United Nations. 7 August 2015. 8787:from the original on 8 March 2022 8724:. United Nations. 22 April 2015. 8148:"United Nations Office at Geneva" 7443:, pp. 204–226, 213, 220–221. 6765:from the original on 26 June 2018 6613:from the original on 8 March 2022 6572:from the original on 17 July 2022 6278:from the original on 23 June 2018 5953:International Finance Corporation 5880:United Nations in popular culture 5676:Somalia: The Missed Opportunities 5324:International Labour Organization 4422:World Meteorological Organization 4279:Food and Agriculture Organization 3745:Expulsion from the United Nations 3299:World Meteorological Organization 2838:International Labour Organization 2708:Food and Agriculture Organization 2166: 1702:— Universal court for 1500:UN High Commissioner for Refugees 816:Covenant of the League of Nations 620:. At its founding, the UN had 51 16618:Dialogue as a Guarantee of Peace 16606:Sustainable Mountain Development 15803:Leaders of the League of Nations 15709: 15200: 15199: 14845: 13275: 13259:Works by or about United Nations 13095: 12957:. New York: Harper and Brothers. 12718:The A to Z of the United Nations 12606: 12580: 12550: 12523: 12492: 12453: 12422: 12400: 12384: 12362: 12350:from the original on 29 May 2023 12331: 12295: 12264: 12253:, SwissInfo, 29 September 2007. 12244: 12223: 12196: 12180:For Anti-Defamation League, see 12135: 12109: 12039: 11974: 11944: 11914: 11876:Western Journal of Communication 11863: 11832: 11801: 11753: 11723: 11702: 11671: 11640: 11628:from the original on 12 May 2020 11610: 11580: 11542: 11519: 11492: 11462: 11425: 11399: 11367: 11335: 11292: 11253: 11220: 11190: 11164: 11110: 11084: 11033: 10994: 10957: 10931: 10905: 10881: 10849: 10795: 10728: 10702: 10672: 10646: 10620: 10604:. United Nations. Archived from 10602:"non-self-governing territories" 10594: 10578:. United Nations. Archived from 10568: 10530: 10476: 10450: 10361: 10335: 10309: 10283: 10221: 10183: 10157: 10108: 10076: 10046: 9958:. United Nations. 17 June 2015. 9915: 9865: 9838: 9808: 9775: 9745: 9715: 9684: 9573:"The Human Security Report 2005" 9565: 9533: 9477: 9447: 9420: 9366: 9335: 9305: 9283:Nicholls, Samuel Thomas (2019). 9276: 9250: 9238:from the original on 6 June 2012 9224: 9191: 9139: 9123:. United Nations. 17 June 2015. 9113: 9063:from the original on 18 May 2019 9019: 8981:. United Nations. 17 June 2015. 8938: 8900: 8799: 8740: 8714: 8674:. United Nations. 17 June 2015. 8664: 8609: 8583: 8541: 8513:. United Nations. 17 June 2015. 8458: 8432: 8380: 8357: 8338: 8316: 8122:"United Nations Visitors Centre" 7888:from the original on 7 July 2007 5958: 5933: 5885:United Nations Memorial Cemetery 5843: 5829: 5815: 5646: 5379:Soviet tanks rolled into Hungary 5084: 5060: 5036: 5012: 4988: 4964: 4940: 4916: 4892: 4868: 4844: 4820: 4796: 4772: 4748: 4724: 4700: 4676: 4652: 4628: 4604: 4580: 4556: 4532: 4508: 4180:Other UN bodies responsible for 4163:World Conference on Human Rights 3952:United Nations Peacekeeping Logo 3912:New International Economic Order 3717: 3704: 3677: 3664: 3637: 3624: 3597: 3584: 3557: 3544: 3517: 3504: 3477: 3464: 3437: 3430: 3417: 3331: 3317: 3304: 3276: 3263: 3235: 3222: 3191: 3184: 3171: 3143: 3130: 3102: 3089: 3061: 3048: 3020: 3007: 2979: 2966: 2938: 2925: 2897: 2884: 2856: 2843: 2808: 2795: 2767: 2754: 2726: 2713: 2550: 2519: 2488: 2456: 2425: 2394: 2362: 2330: 2298: 2266: 1879: 1866: 1853: 1740: 1727: 1714: 1666: 1366:UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda 1180:Democratic Republic of the Congo 882:Declaration of St James's Palace 530:) is a diplomatic and political 497: 167: 153: 17134:International political economy 14401:International Court of Justice 13950:Sport for Development and Peace 12795:FDR and the Creation of the U.N 12680:. University of Toronto Press. 12642: 12558:"Q&A: Oil-for-food scandal" 12338:Sullivan, Kevin (15 May 2023). 11122:The American Presidency Project 10235:from the original on 4 May 2007 10115:Jordans, Frank (17 June 2011). 9384:from the original on 6 May 2023 9354:from the original on 6 May 2023 8244: 8192: 8166: 8140: 8114: 8064:Tedeneke, Alem (13 June 2019). 8057: 8026: 7995: 7965: 7943:"Sustainable Development Goals" 7900: 7810: 7783: 7738: 7648: 7591: 7552: 7543: 7517: 7476: 7446: 7377: 7278: 7262:. 4 August 2015. Archived from 7248: 7191: 7173:"Poland and the United Nations" 7165: 7086: 7067: 7041: 7011: 6989:"History of the United Nations" 6959:"Charter of the United Nations" 6906: 6876: 6844: 6815: 6777: 6706: 6676: 6650: 6625: 6584: 6558: 6532: 6502: 6463: 6434: 6395: 6365: 6352: 6322: 6290: 6260: 6120:National WW2 Museum New Orleans 5978:Holy See and the United Nations 5923: 5501: 5346:Criticism of the United Nations 5275:In 2012, then French President 4102: 2643:United Nations Forum on Forests 2075:United Nations Security Council 1974:United Nations General Assembly 1837:— For administering 1548:. A sixth principal organ, the 1401:invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 1303:peacekeeping mission in Namibia 1280:Flags of member nations at the 1204:UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus 655:that had been monitored by the 36:United Nations (disambiguation) 16498:Small Island Developing States 15944:International Seabed Authority 15167:Reform of the Security Council 14078:Permanent Court of Arbitration 14073:International Peace Conference 13440:International Court of Justice 13255:– NGO monitoring UN activities 13170:at the United Nations Archives 13025:; Zaum, Dominik, eds. (2008). 12907:(2004). Mango, Anthony (ed.). 12654:Genocide: A Reference Handbook 11266:. Unistar Books. p. 150. 11046:. Cambridge University Press. 11007:. Princeton University Press. 11001:Fortna, Virginia Page (2008). 9095:"United Nations Member States" 7549:Fasulo, p. 43; Meisler, p. 334 6298:"League of Nations instituted" 6230: 6138: 6108: 6078: 6048: 6018: 5999: 5150:budget for 2023–2024 are: the 5124:specialized agencies of the UN 4454:non-self-governing territories 4450:UN Committee on Decolonization 4292:Three former directors of the 4283:United Nations Children's Fund 3886: 3784:non-self-governing territories 3619:United Nations Population Fund 3459:United Nations Children's Fund 2582:International Court of Justice 2576:International Court of Justice 1824:UN Economic and Social Council 1698:International Court of Justice 1607:, the UN and its agencies are 1542:International Court of Justice 1073:The General Assembly selected 839:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 720:non-governmental organizations 680:International Court of Justice 571:International Court of Justice 307:Intergovernmental organization 116:Организация Объединённых Наций 100:Organisation des Nations unies 13: 1: 14911:Charter of the United Nations 14611:Sustainable Development Goals 14138:Declaration by United Nations 14063:International Telegraph Union 12889:. New York University Press. 12015:"Showdown at the U.N. corral" 11528:"Naissance des Nations Unies" 10345:. 3 June 2004. Archived from 9782:Holt, Kate (4 January 2007). 8002:Falk, Pamela (13 July 2016). 7979:. United Nations University. 7655:Lewis, Paul (6 August 1996). 7076:Progress in International Law 6917:Witness to History, 1929–1969 6824:Witness to History, 1929–1969 6717:. Oup USA. pp. 172–175. 6268:"Red Cross-History-Objective" 5987: 5803:Charter of the United Nations 5373:noted, "In the middle of the 4252:Sustainable Development Goals 4208:Millennium Development Goals 4077:Biological Weapons Convention 3921: 3734: 2474:Served for the shortest time 1484:Sustainable Development Goals 1397:British military intervention 1040:Charter of the United Nations 964:Declaration by United Nations 933:Declaration by United Nations 755:History of the United Nations 580:The UN was established after 191:Members of the United Nations 17102:Related fields and subfields 16336:Sport and Physical Education 16282:Dialogue among Civilizations 15934:International Criminal Court 15823:UN Secretary General memoirs 15162:Chapter VI of the UN Charter 14539:International Criminal Court 13975:UN organizations by location 12698:An Insider's Guide to the UN 12310:Tennessee Secretary of State 12141:* For Gold, see Gold, p. 20 12119:. govtrack.us. 17 May 2022. 11870:Stewart, Charles J. (2002). 11678:Moody, John (14 July 2017). 11380:The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka) 11198:"The Nobel Peace Prize 2007" 10628:"United Nations Observances" 9429:"The Nobel Peace Prize 1988" 9057:"Structure and Organization" 8748:"Former Secretaries-General" 8364:Americans Working at the U.N 7473:, pp. 167–168, 224–225. 6921:. New York: Norton. p. 6470:Lauren, Paul Gordon (2011). 6086:"International Organization" 5992: 5900:Spying on the United Nations 5481:, also known as Taiwan, has 5396:Representation and structure 5339: 5207:Reform of the United Nations 4248:Millennium Development Goals 4033:2010s Haiti cholera outbreak 3928:United Nations Common Agenda 3833:to leave the United Nations. 2616:sources of international law 1516: 1464:Millennium Development Goals 1450:countries intervened in the 1261:Post-Cold War (1991–present) 1143:, a UN official, negotiated 1135:, approving the creation of 206:, Manhattan, New York City ( 7: 16648:Rangelands and Pastoralists 16564:Elimination of Child Labour 16348:Deserts and Desertification 16270:Mobilization against Racism 16216:Sport and the Olympic Ideal 16084:Health and Medical Research 15939:International Monetary Fund 15885:International organizations 14973:Counter-Terrorism Committee 14673:Security Council veto power 13980:Sexual Violence in Conflict 13903:Economic and Social Affairs 13474:Economic and Social Council 13274:(public domain audiobooks) 13233:of UN discussions and votes 12966:. Oxford University Press. 11040:Howard, Lise Morjé (2019). 10941:. UNICEF. 21 January 2013. 10868:United Nations Peacekeeping 9927:United Nations Peacekeeping 9489:United Nations Peacekeeping 9459:United Nations Peacekeeping 7908:"2005 World Summit Outcome" 6212:United Nations Peacekeeping 6090:National Geographic Society 5808: 5714:Inefficiency and corruption 5619:, a move criticized by the 4306:International Monetary Fund 4081:Chemical Weapons Convention 4017:Bangladesh genocide in 1971 3972:. UN peacekeepers with the 3940:United Nations peacekeeping 3837:In addition, there are two 2920:International Monetary Fund 2622:Economic and Social Council 2090:, demonstrates a vial with 1993:of the UN. Composed of all 1538:Economic and Social Council 1368:failed to intervene in the 1282:United Nations Headquarters 1155:was established to end the 1153:first UN peacekeeping force 904:and representatives of the 888:and British Prime Minister 781:international organizations 676:Economic and Social Council 10: 17227: 17144:Peace and conflict studies 16760:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 16462:Sustainable Energy for All 15949:World Customs Organization 15808:United Nations Secretariat 15598:German Democratic Republic 15348:People's Republic of China 14724:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 14549:International Day of Peace 14031:General Assembly Observers 13354:General Assembly President 13053:Princeton University Press 12990:. New York: Random House. 12821:. New York: Random House. 12716:Fomerand, Jacques (2009). 12517:10.1007/s10991-020-09250-3 12499:Mulligan, Michael (2020). 10317:"About UNICEF: Who We Are" 7483:Matanock, Aila M. (2020). 7256:"UN Milestones Korean War" 5972:over the territory of the 5779:Hymn to the United Nations 5776: 5773:Hymn to the United Nations 5757: 5343: 5204: 4482: 4414:UN Environmental Programme 4397: 4073:Seabed Arms Control Treaty 4008:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 3937: 3890: 3859:states in free association 3839:non-member observer states 3738: 3084:World Tourism Organization 2664: 2625: 2579: 2224:of Portugal, who replaced 2173:United Nations Secretariat 2170: 2102:hearings, 5 February 2003. 2072: 1971: 1949:League of Nations mandates 1520: 1220:People's Republic of China 1151:. On 7 November 1956, the 1122:Korean Armistice Agreement 1050:The first meetings of the 958:, and the Chinese Premier 847:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 752: 748: 532:international organization 369:General Assembly President 29: 17101: 17053: 16851: 16808: 16783: 16737: 16728: 16715: 16456:People of African Descent 16432:Rapprochement of Cultures 16210:World's Indigenous People 16073: 15992: 15954:Inter-Parliamentary Union 15918: 15899: 15851: 15846:Links to related articles 15831: 15795: 15718: 15707: 15676: 15583: 15537: 15431: 15330: 15284: 15258: 15195: 15144: 15102: 15064: 15026: 15017: 14991: 14953: 14903: 14841: 14764: 14455: 14377: 14280: 14268:World Heritage Convention 14177: 14156:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 14118: 14055: 14046: 13992: 13866:General Assembly Building 13839: 13722: 13494: 13393: 13375: 13366: 13331: 13224: 13203:United Nations Volunteers 12864:Meisler, Stanley (1995). 12759:Grant, Thomas D. (2009). 12744:. 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WiseMee. 9 July 2019. 12390:USIP Press Books, 1994, 12216:3 September 2017 at the 11952:"H.Amdt.138 to H.R.1757" 11307:Indiana University Press 11172:"All Nobel Peace Prizes" 10939:"Overall funding trends" 10861:24 February 2024 at the 10396:, pp. 175, 191–192. 10256:, pp. 169–170, 172. 10154:, pp. 57, 194, 341. 8345:The Noblemaire principle 8313:, United Nations website 8124:. United Nations. 2017. 7395:, pp. 127–128, 134. 6826:. New York. p. 159. 6759:New York Review of Books 6444:Public International Law 5916: 5603:, Australian politician 4273:, a comparative measure 4263:UN Development Programme 4004:UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus 3825:Under the leadership of 3362:World Trade Organization 2201:deputy secretary-general 1301:, launched a successful 1165:the country's revolution 1081:, was the first elected 694:includes a multitude of 573:is headquartered at the 354:Deputy Secretary-General 204:760 United Nations Plaza 17119:Foreign policy analysis 16931:International community 16709:International relations 16007:Commonwealth of Nations 15762:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 14745:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 14707:UN International School 14702:UN Federal Credit Union 14683:Security Council reform 14519:Four Nations Initiative 14447:Security Council (2016) 14290:Security Council vetoes 13421:Under-Secretary-General 13268:Works by United Nations 13166:31 October 2020 at the 13031:Oxford University Press 12927:Schlesinger, Stephen C. 12534:. Global Policy Forum. 12187:2 November 2012 at the 11526:Gerbet, Pierre (1995). 11412:28 January 2020 at the 10913:"Where Your Money Goes" 9173:"Repertory of Practice" 8867:Encyclopedia Britannica 8781:Encyclopedia Britannica 7023:San Francisco Chronicle 6373:"Why the League failed" 5860:International relations 5664:Daniel Patrick Moynihan 5653:international relations 5617:UN Human Rights Council 5586: 5472:direct defence treaties 5410:crimes against humanity 5350: 5201:Assessments and reviews 4394:Environment and climate 4310:Bretton Woods Agreement 4271:Human Development Index 4228:Improve maternal health 2655:sustainable development 2420:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 2046:Sixth Committee (Legal) 1387:beginning in 1999. The 614:sustainable development 16636:Glaciers' Preservation 16240:Eradication of Poverty 15172:Security Council mural 14999:United Nations Command 14695:Security Council mural 14661:Millennium Declaration 14606:SDG Publishers Compact 14068:Universal Postal Union 13047:Mazower, Mark (2009). 12695:Fasulo, Linda (2004). 12257:11 August 2011 at the 11503:. The European Union. 11260:Singh, Jasvir (2008). 10710:"Financial Statistics" 8331:14 August 2014 at the 7131:"Milestones 1941-1950" 6060:United Nations Charter 5732:Oil-for-Food Programme 5609:Anti-Defamation League 5560:United States Congress 5496:as their own territory 5446:Exclusion of countries 5231: 5221:2001 Nobel Peace Prize 4469:World Tuberculosis Day 4332: 4297: 4225:Reduce child mortality 4123: 4043: 4011: 3953: 3834: 3819: 3793: 3125:Universal Postal Union 2608:The Hague, Netherlands 2595: 2192: 2103: 2007:Methodist Central Hall 1986: 1913:five permanent members 1906:compulsory resolutions 1833:UN Trusteeship Council 1795:Issues legal opinions; 1603:. On the basis of the 1452:First Libyan Civil War 1395:was supplemented by a 1393:Sierra Leone Civil War 1309:South Africa and post- 1293: 1285: 1273: 1101: 1062:and British forces in 1022: 877: 804:Paris Peace Conference 776: 16570:Fruits and Vegetables 16552:Nurse and the Midwife 16402:Human Rights Learning 15768:Boutros Boutros-Ghali 15177:Arria formula meeting 14833:Women in peacekeeping 14492:Drug control treaties 12905:Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan 12650:Ball, Howard (2011). 12378:17 March 2022 at the 11798:, pp. 72–73, 82. 11653:The National Interest 11043:Power in Peacekeeping 10832:Weiss & Daws 2009 9618:World Politics Review 8722:"Appointment Process" 8369:22 April 2017 at the 6913:Bohlen, C.E. (1973). 6822:Bohlen, C.E. (1973). 6274:. 11 September 2017. 5720:Joint Inspection Unit 5704:territorial integrity 5611:. In September 2015, 5261:Georgetown University 5218: 5132:gross national income 4398:Further information: 4318: 4291: 4114: 4041: 4001: 3982:Human Security Report 3951: 3824: 3809: 3770:(Palestine, Holy See) 3752: 3364:(or the WTO) and the 2589: 2451:Boutros Boutros-Ghali 2184: 2088:US Secretary of State 2082: 2062:Credentials Committee 1999:General Assembly Hall 1991:deliberative assembly 1981: 1911:Has fifteen members: 1678:Deliberative assembly 1523:United Nations System 1354:UN mission in Somalia 1342:Boutros Boutros-Ghali 1317:that repulsed Iraq's 1291: 1279: 1268: 1192:died in a plane crash 1186:during the conflict, 1096: 1020: 871: 858:war broke out in 1939 767: 760:Background (pre-1941) 17109:Comparative politics 16546:Indigenous Languages 16168:World Communications 15964:New Development Bank 14787:United Nations Radio 14782:United Nations Medal 14734:University for Peace 14465:Bretton Woods system 14200:governed territories 13945:Developing Countries 13856:Secretariat Building 13725:Specialized agencies 13116:improve this article 12564:. 7 September 2005. 12505:Liverpool Law Review 12416:2 April 2015 at the 12237:4 March 2016 at the 12147:For Dershowitz, see 11737:. 13 February 2019. 11476:. 15 December 2023. 11437:6 March 2020 at the 11383:. 29 November 2020. 11351:. 22 November 2020. 10873:30 June 2019 at the 10865:(as of 30/11/2023), 10686:. 24 December 2023. 10515:, pp. 348, 398. 10191:"We Can End Poverty" 10007:, pp. 185, 188. 9729:. 30 November 2006. 9546:. RAND Corporation. 9380:. 15 November 2022. 8442:. 18 November 2014. 8325:Noblemaire principle 8071:World Economic Forum 7292:. 29 November 2011. 7286:"Creation of Israel" 7200:History of the world 6713:Roll, David (2013). 6593:"Nothing to Conceal" 6092:. 23 December 2012. 6011:13 July 2021 at the 5760:Model United Nations 5754:Model United Nations 5543:National sovereignty 5240:Virginia Page Fortna 5107:Other member states 4384:World Food Programme 4329:Zaatari refugee camp 4167:Human Rights Council 3684:Maimunah Mohd Sharif 3539:World Food Programme 3484:Catherine M. Russell 3370:World Food Programme 3109:Zurab Pololikashvili 2986:Doreen Bogdan-Martin 2945:Kristalina Georgieva 2661:Specialized agencies 1935:specialized agencies 1798:Renders judgment by 1783:UN Secretary-General 1781:Its chairperson—the 1765:UN Secretary-General 1620:Noblemaire principle 1565:UN offices at Geneva 1507:World Economic Forum 1436:Sri Lankan Civil War 1362:UN mission to Bosnia 1299:Salvadoran Civil War 1089:Cold War (1947–1991) 1083:UN secretary-general 900:, together with the 708:World Food Programme 696:specialized agencies 588:, and succeeded the 474:(Permanent Missions) 438:24 October 1945 17206:Peace organizations 16891:Collective security 16775:United Nations (UN) 16063:International years 15993:Cultural IGOs 15662:Secretaries-General 15317:Trinidad and Tobago 14559:International Years 14524:Genocide Convention 13960:Outer Space Affairs 13955:Disarmament Affairs 13920:Safety and Security 13861:Conference Building 13841:Secretariat offices 13486:Trusteeship Council 13247:Global Policy Forum 13128:footnote references 12982:Wistrich, Robert S. 12951:Sherwood, Robert E. 12837:Manchester, William 12410:, March/April 1995 12097:on 14 December 2011 11708:Husen, Van (2010). 11594:. 6 November 2021. 11419:The Daily Telegraph 10919:on 12 November 2013 10608:on 27 February 2014 10527:, pp. 160–162. 10464:on 13 November 2013 10420:, pp. 199–200. 10408:, pp. 176–177. 10268:, pp. 341–342. 10218:, pp. 143–144. 10122:The Huffington Post 9983:, pp. 178–182. 9912:, pp. 189–190. 9900:, pp. 188–189. 9789:The Daily Telegraph 9697:The Washington Post 9681:, pp. 294–311. 9669:, pp. 102–105. 9344:"Our Common Agenda" 9147:"Non-member States" 9084:, pp. 171–177. 8897:, pp. 103–104. 8849:, pp. 100–101. 8813:on 9 September 2018 8417:, pp. 131–133. 8377:, 28 September 2009 8350:17 May 2017 at the 8309:3 July 2015 at the 8206:on 25 February 2011 7884:. 7 December 2000. 7768:, pp. 110–111. 7710:. 16 January 1998. 7688:, pp. 285–286. 7645:, pp. 234–237. 7633:, pp. 226–227. 7609:, pp. 264–277. 7597:Meisler, pp. 252–56 7569:Global Policy Forum 7460:on 6 December 2012. 7431:, pp. 208–210. 7419:, pp. 195–197. 7407:, pp. 156–157. 7374:, pp. 115–134. 6740:, pp. 447–453. 6690:. 3 February 2007. 6248:on 22 November 2018 6156:on 22 November 2018 5976:. For details, see 5568:U.S. Representative 5474:between countries. 5244:Columbia University 4489: 4440:Other global issues 4432:. The UN-sponsored 4369:reproductive health 4184:issues include the 4025:Srebrenica massacre 3990:human rights abuses 3385: 3327:(secretary-general) 2774:Juan Carlos Salazar 2677: 2590:The ICJ ruled that 2233: 1895:international peace 1815:UN Security Council 1774:Supports the other 1672:UN General Assembly 1550:Trusteeship Council 1442:. Acting under the 1358:Battle of Mogadishu 1209:With the spread of 1139:. Two years later, 1066:. British diplomat 1036:liberation of Paris 1007:conference at Yalta 979:Moscow Declarations 688:Trusteeship Council 657:Trusteeship Council 536:international peace 440: (78 years ago) 420: (79 years ago) 70:منظمة الأمم المتحدة 32:UN (disambiguation) 16065:proclaimed by the 15004:Unified Task Force 14579:Official languages 14126:London Declaration 13935:Internal Oversight 13925:Palestinian Rights 13497:Funds, programmes, 13285:on Nobelprize.org 13231:Searchable archive 12154:The Case for Peace 11991:on 5 November 2012 11554:The New York Times 11405:Oliphant, Roland. 11098:on 2 December 2013 10771:on 9 December 2013 10630:. United Nations. 10582:on 23 October 2013 10231:. United Nations. 10193:. United Nations. 10167:. United Nations. 10089:. United Nations. 10019:, pp. 70, 73. 9875:. United Nations. 9757:The New York Times 9455:"Where we operate" 9175:. United Nations. 9097:. United Nations. 8750:. United Nations. 8593:. United Nations. 8468:. United Nations. 8375:The New York Times 7913:. United Nations. 7854:. 21 August 2015. 7266:on 3 November 2018 7141:on 27 October 2017 7051:. United Nations. 6894:on 3 November 2018 6858:Universal Newsreel 6787:. United Nations. 6514:The Avalon Project 6334:www.johndclare.net 6062:. United Nations. 6032:. 21 August 2018. 6006:Official Languages 5974:Vatican City State 5964:The Holy See is a 5597:Robert S. Wistrich 5595:, British scholar 5566:) was authored by 5549:John Birch Society 5536:John Birch Society 5267:British historian 5255:Uppsala University 5232: 4487: 4365:UN Population Fund 4333: 4298: 4153:; followed by the 4124: 4065:Outer Space Treaty 4044: 4021:Cambodian genocide 4012: 3954: 3899:developing nations 3835: 3801:independent states 3794: 3768:UN Observer States 3383: 3338:Abdulla Al Mandous 2675: 2639:indigenous peoples 2596: 2231: 2193: 2104: 1987: 1843:currently inactive 1760:Adopts the budget; 1577:official languages 1428:an internal review 1319:invasion of Kuwait 1294: 1286: 1274: 1149:resulting conflict 1102: 1060:Iranian Azerbaijan 1023: 931:. The text of the 917:Arcadia Conference 906:Free French Forces 886:Franklin Roosevelt 878: 777: 739:Nobel Peace Prizes 645:military observers 294:Simplified Chinese 226:Official languages 208:international zone 17163: 17162: 17157: 17156: 17129:International law 16998:Right of conquest 16963:National interest 16906:Deterrence theory 16804: 16803: 16791:League of Nations 16675: 16674: 16480:Water Cooperation 16300:Cultural Heritage 16029: 16028: 16025: 16024: 15901:Intergovernmental 15838: 15837: 15678:League of Nations 15666:League of Nations 15628: 15627: 15593:Republic of China 15246:Relations of the 15213: 15212: 15140: 15139: 14963:Military Observer 14859: 14858: 14690:UN Art Collection 14666:Millennium Summit 14621:UN Block By Block 14601:Ralph Bunche Park 14569:UN laissez-passer 14529:UN Global Compact 14486:Delivering as One 14385:Secretary-General 14276: 14275: 14256:Indigenous Caucus 14150:Tehran Conference 14144:Moscow Conference 14119:Preparatory years 14088:League of Nations 13988: 13987: 13888:Palace of Nations 13590:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 13406:Secretary-General 13349:Amina J. Mohammed 13336:Secretary-General 13175:Official websites 13156: 13155: 13148: 13077:978-0-19-827926-6 13040:978-0-19-953343-5 12997:978-1-4000-6097-9 12973:978-0-19-956010-3 12942:978-0-8133-3324-3 12918:978-0-415-93924-9 12896:978-0-8147-0794-4 12877:978-0-87113-616-9 12856:978-0-316-54770-3 12828:978-0-375-70341-6 12804:978-0-300-08553-2 12791:Brinkley, Douglas 12770:978-90-04-17363-7 12751:978-1-4000-5475-6 12727:978-0-8108-5547-2 12708:978-0-300-10155-3 12687:978-0-8020-0899-2 12665:978-1-59884-488-7 12396:978-1-878379-35-1 12369:Los Angeles Times 12277:The Texas Tribune 12191:ADL. 7 July 2009. 12161:For Dreyfus, see 12020:Enter Stage Right 11825:978-1-57230-562-5 11718:978-1-85109-849-1 11624:. 30 March 2020. 11316:978-0-253-00011-8 11273:978-81-7142-701-7 11234:The Baltimore Sun 11149:, pp. cviii. 11053:978-1-108-45718-7 11014:978-0-691-13671-4 10060:. 15 March 2006. 9342:Nations, United. 9289:(Thesis thesis). 8711:, pp. 59–62. 8699:, pp. 31–32. 8616:Nations, United. 8580:, pp. 40–41. 8538:, pp. 39–43. 8497:, pp. 70–73. 8429:, pp. 69–70. 7735:, pp. 66–67. 7707:New Straits Times 7559:Renner, Michael. 7337:. 6 August 2015. 7317:, pp. 51–54. 7245:, pp. 58–59. 7209:978-0-19-521043-9 7162:, pp. 25–26. 7108:978-0-520-04547-7 6932:978-0-393-07476-5 6724:978-0-19-989195-5 6637:fdrfoundation.org 6606:978-0-385-35306-9 6483:978-0-8122-2138-1 6415:978-92-1-100273-7 6408:. UN. p. 5. 6122:. 19 April 2021. 5785:Secretary-General 5708:right of conquest 5512:Republic of China 5488:COVID-19 pandemic 5479:Republic of China 5460:Charles de Gaulle 5313:Lester B. Pearson 5304:Nobel Peace Prize 5277:François Hollande 5120: 5119: 4502: 4275:ranking countries 4243: 4242: 4132:Eleanor Roosevelt 4116:Eleanor Roosevelt 3970:Jammu and Kashmir 3732: 3731: 3349: 3348: 2904:Arsenio Dominguez 2573: 2572: 2345:18 September 1961 2243:Country of origin 2197:secretary-general 2190:secretary-general 2140:Republic of Korea 2056:General Committee 1983:Mikhail Gorbachev 1964: 1963: 1839:trust territories 1800:relative majority 1704:international law 1480:2005 World Summit 1468:poverty reduction 1459:Millennium Summit 1432:the final battles 1430:of UN actions in 1418:in Sudan and the 1224:Republic of China 1196:Nobel Peace Prize 1124:on 27 July 1953. 988:Tehran Conference 975:Moscow Conference 973:The October 1943 941:religious freedom 890:Winston Churchill 808:League of Nations 773:League of Nations 727:secretary-general 653:trust territories 618:international law 596:, California for 590:League of Nations 520: 519: 516: 515: 510: 509: 505:League of Nations 418:26 June 1945 360:Amina J. Mohammed 339:Secretary‑General 321:2 observer states 317:193 member states 140: 139: 16:(Redirected from 17218: 17149:Security studies 16941:Internationality 16936:Internationalism 16735: 16734: 16702: 16695: 16688: 16679: 16678: 16312:Kyrgyz Statehood 16258:Culture of Peace 16156:Disabled Persons 16132:World Population 16056: 16049: 16042: 16033: 16032: 16000: 15979:World Bank Group 15916: 15915: 15912: 15894: 15878: 15871: 15864: 15855: 15854: 15842: 15841: 15786:António Guterres 15744:Dag Hammarskjöld 15734:(United Kingdom) 15713: 15690:(United Kingdom) 15655: 15648: 15641: 15632: 15631: 15608:Byelorussian SSR 15555:Marshall Islands 15240: 15233: 15226: 15217: 15216: 15203: 15202: 15187:Small Five Group 15024: 15023: 14893:Security Council 14886: 14879: 14872: 14863: 14862: 14852:World portal 14850: 14849: 14756:Biopiracy treaty 14342:Nagorno-Karabakh 14312:Security Council 14295:General Assembly 14222:Human Rights Day 14162:Yalta Conference 14132:Atlantic Charter 14053: 14052: 14009:Founding members 13930:Peace Operations 13814:World Bank Group 13508:Culture of Peace 13499:and other bodies 13452:Security Council 13428:General Assembly 13394:Principal organs 13373: 13372: 13340:António Guterres 13318: 13311: 13304: 13295: 13294: 13290: 13279: 13278: 13263:Internet Archive 13194: 13191: 13186: 13185: 13183:Official website 13151: 13144: 13140: 13137: 13131: 13099: 13098: 13091: 13081: 13069: 13044: 13001: 12977: 12958: 12946: 12922: 12900: 12881: 12860: 12832: 12808: 12787:Hoopes, Townsend 12782: 12755: 12731: 12712: 12691: 12669: 12657: 12636: 12635: 12633: 12631: 12625: 12618: 12610: 12604: 12603: 12601: 12599: 12584: 12578: 12577: 12575: 12573: 12554: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12543: 12527: 12521: 12520: 12496: 12490: 12489: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12426: 12420: 12404: 12398: 12388: 12382: 12366: 12360: 12359: 12357: 12355: 12335: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12324: 12318: 12307: 12299: 12293: 12292: 12290: 12288: 12268: 12262: 12248: 12242: 12227: 12221: 12200: 12194: 12149:Dershowitz, Alan 12139: 12133: 12132: 12130: 12128: 12113: 12107: 12106: 12104: 12102: 12096: 12090:. Archived from 12072:10.2307/20455664 12059:Yale Law Journal 12055: 12043: 12037: 12036: 12034: 12032: 12007: 12001: 12000: 11998: 11996: 11990: 11978: 11972: 11971: 11969: 11967: 11948: 11942: 11941: 11939: 11937: 11918: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11907: 11867: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11856: 11836: 11830: 11829: 11805: 11799: 11793: 11787: 11786: 11780: 11778: 11757: 11751: 11750: 11748: 11746: 11727: 11721: 11706: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11695: 11675: 11669: 11668: 11666: 11664: 11644: 11638: 11637: 11635: 11633: 11614: 11608: 11607: 11605: 11603: 11584: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11573: 11556:. 24 July 2007. 11546: 11540: 11539: 11538:on 10 July 2009. 11523: 11517: 11516: 11514: 11512: 11496: 11490: 11489: 11487: 11485: 11466: 11460: 11454: 11448: 11429: 11423: 11403: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11392: 11371: 11365: 11364: 11362: 11360: 11339: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11328: 11296: 11290: 11289: 11287: 11285: 11257: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11246: 11224: 11218: 11217: 11215: 11213: 11194: 11188: 11187: 11185: 11183: 11168: 11162: 11156: 11150: 11144: 11138: 11137: 11135: 11133: 11114: 11108: 11107: 11105: 11103: 11088: 11082: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11067: 11065: 11056:. Archived from 11037: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11026: 11017:. Archived from 10998: 10992: 10991: 10981: 10961: 10955: 10954: 10952: 10950: 10935: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10924: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10885: 10879: 10853: 10847: 10841: 10835: 10829: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10818: 10799: 10793: 10787: 10781: 10780: 10778: 10776: 10761: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10732: 10726: 10725: 10723: 10721: 10706: 10700: 10699: 10697: 10695: 10676: 10670: 10669: 10667: 10665: 10650: 10644: 10643: 10641: 10639: 10624: 10618: 10617: 10615: 10613: 10598: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10572: 10566: 10560: 10554: 10553: 10551: 10549: 10534: 10528: 10522: 10516: 10510: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10480: 10474: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10454: 10448: 10442: 10433: 10427: 10421: 10415: 10409: 10403: 10397: 10391: 10385: 10384: 10382: 10380: 10375:on 24 March 2007 10365: 10359: 10358: 10356: 10354: 10339: 10333: 10332: 10330: 10328: 10313: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10287: 10281: 10275: 10269: 10263: 10257: 10251: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10225: 10219: 10213: 10207: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10187: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10161: 10155: 10149: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10127:Associated Press 10112: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10095: 10088: 10080: 10074: 10073: 10071: 10069: 10050: 10044: 10038: 10032: 10026: 10020: 10014: 10008: 10002: 9996: 9990: 9984: 9978: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9952: 9943: 9942: 9940: 9938: 9919: 9913: 9907: 9901: 9895: 9889: 9888: 9886: 9884: 9869: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9842: 9836: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9812: 9806: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9779: 9773: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9749: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9719: 9713: 9712: 9710: 9708: 9688: 9682: 9676: 9670: 9664: 9658: 9652: 9646: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9610: 9601: 9595: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9584: 9569: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9552: 9545: 9537: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9511: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9481: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9470: 9451: 9445: 9444: 9442: 9440: 9424: 9418: 9412: 9406: 9400: 9394: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9370: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9339: 9333: 9332: 9330: 9328: 9309: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9280: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9254: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9243: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9195: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9169: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9143: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9117: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9106: 9091: 9085: 9079: 9073: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9053: 9047: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9023: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9012: 9001: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8975: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8942: 8936: 8930: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8904: 8898: 8892: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8878: 8859: 8850: 8844: 8838: 8832: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8818: 8803: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8773: 8764: 8763: 8761: 8759: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8733: 8718: 8712: 8706: 8700: 8694: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8613: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8602: 8587: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8507: 8498: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8479: 8477: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8436: 8430: 8424: 8418: 8412: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8384: 8378: 8361: 8355: 8342: 8336: 8320: 8314: 8301: 8292: 8286: 8280: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8222: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8196: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8118: 8112: 8106: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8061: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7939: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7919: 7912: 7904: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7874: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7833: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7805: 7803: 7787: 7781: 7775: 7769: 7763: 7757: 7751: 7745: 7742: 7736: 7730: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7698: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7578: 7565: 7556: 7550: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7521: 7515: 7514: 7504: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7456:. Archived from 7450: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7408: 7402: 7396: 7390: 7384: 7381: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7327: 7318: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7252: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7137:. Archived from 7127: 7112: 7111: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7045: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7015: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7004: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6955: 6949: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6920: 6910: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6890:. Archived from 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6835: 6827: 6819: 6813: 6810:Schlesinger 2003 6807: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6781: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6753:(16 July 1998). 6747: 6741: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6684:"United Nations" 6680: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6369: 6363: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6244:. Archived from 6238:"Decolonization" 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6204: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6185:on 3 August 2015 6175: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6152:. Archived from 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6026:"United Nations" 6022: 6016: 6003: 5981: 5966:sovereign entity 5962: 5956: 5941:World Bank Group 5937: 5931: 5927: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5839: 5834: 5833: 5825: 5823:Countries portal 5820: 5819: 5576:Yale Law Journal 5477:Since 1971, the 5406:Security Council 5390:reform of the UN 5367:, in his memoir 5284:Jacques Fomerand 5115: 5114: 5101: 5100: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5077: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5053: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5029: 5028: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5005: 5004: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4981: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4957: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4943: 4933: 4932: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4909: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4885: 4884: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4861: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4837: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4813: 4812: 4802: 4800: 4799: 4789: 4788: 4778: 4776: 4775: 4765: 4764: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4741: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4727: 4717: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4693: 4692: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4669: 4668: 4658: 4656: 4655: 4645: 4644: 4634: 4632: 4631: 4621: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4607: 4597: 4596: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4573: 4572: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4549: 4548: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4525: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4501:(% of UN budget) 4500: 4490: 4486: 4302:World Bank Group 4204: 4203: 4060:General Assembly 4029:Somali Civil War 3879:. After forming 3873:Security Council 3829:, Indonesia was 3796:All the world's 3791: Antarctica 3790: 3781: 3775: 3765: 3759:UN member states 3756: 3722: 3721: 3709: 3708: 3682: 3681: 3669: 3668: 3642: 3641: 3633:, United States 3629: 3628: 3602: 3601: 3589: 3588: 3562: 3561: 3549: 3548: 3522: 3521: 3513:, United States 3509: 3508: 3482: 3481: 3473:, United States 3469: 3468: 3442: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3426:, United States 3422: 3421: 3386: 3382: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3309: 3308: 3281: 3280: 3268: 3267: 3240: 3239: 3227: 3226: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3178:Washington, D.C. 3176: 3175: 3166:World Bank Group 3148: 3147: 3135: 3134: 3107: 3106: 3094: 3093: 3066: 3065: 3053: 3052: 3025: 3024: 3012: 3011: 2984: 2983: 2971: 2970: 2943: 2942: 2932:Washington, D.C. 2930: 2929: 2902: 2901: 2893:, United Kingdom 2889: 2888: 2861: 2860: 2848: 2847: 2823: 2813: 2812: 2800: 2799: 2772: 2771: 2761:Montreal, Quebec 2759: 2758: 2731: 2730: 2718: 2717: 2678: 2674: 2556: 2554: 2553: 2545:António Guterres 2534:31 December 2016 2525: 2523: 2522: 2503:31 December 2006 2494: 2492: 2491: 2471:31 December 1996 2462: 2460: 2459: 2440:31 December 1991 2431: 2429: 2428: 2409:31 December 1981 2400: 2398: 2397: 2377:31 December 1971 2374:30 November 1961 2368: 2366: 2365: 2336: 2334: 2333: 2325:Dag Hammarskjöld 2313:10 November 1952 2304: 2302: 2301: 2281:2 February 1946 2278:24 October 1945 2272: 2270: 2269: 2234: 2230: 2222:António Guterres 2186:António Guterres 2069:Security Council 1995:UN member states 1968:General Assembly 1883: 1870: 1857: 1744: 1731: 1718: 1667: 1658: 1651: 1644: 1637: 1534:Security Council 1530:General Assembly 1496:António Guterres 1440:Haiti earthquake 1424:Syrian Civil War 1370:Rwandan genocide 1315:US-led coalition 1238:to be a form of 1188:Dag Hammarskjöld 1114:US-led coalition 1098:Dag Hammarskjöld 1052:General Assembly 1045:Security Council 981:, including the 977:resulted in the 925:Allied countries 923:to describe the 894:Atlantic Charter 892:had drafted the 851:Haile Selassie I 769:Haile Selassie I 731:António Guterres 718:. Additionally, 700:World Bank Group 672:Security Council 668:General Assembly 626:sovereign states 616:, and upholding 610:humanitarian aid 551:extraterritorial 544:headquartered in 501: 500: 494: 493: 481: 480: 473: 466: 448: 446: 441: 428: 426: 421: 345:António Guterres 188: 171: 157: 136: 135: 134: 119: 118: 117: 102: 101: 87: 86: 72: 71: 59: 58: 53: 43: 42: 21: 17226: 17225: 17221: 17220: 17219: 17217: 17216: 17215: 17166: 17165: 17164: 17159: 17158: 17153: 17097: 17088:Postcolonialism 17049: 16978:Non-state actor 16973:Non-belligerent 16968:Neutral country 16953:Interventionism 16886:Co-belligerence 16847: 16800: 16779: 16724: 16711: 16706: 16676: 16671: 16630:Peace and Trust 16582:Peace and Trust 16492:Crystallography 16069: 16060: 16030: 16021: 15994: 15988: 15906: 15902: 15895: 15888: 15882: 15847: 15839: 15834: 15827: 15791: 15723: 15721: 15714: 15705: 15681: 15679: 15672: 15659: 15629: 15624: 15579: 15533: 15427: 15326: 15280: 15254: 15244: 15214: 15209: 15191: 15136: 15098: 15060: 15013: 14987: 14949: 14899: 14890: 14860: 14855: 14844: 14837: 14760: 14451: 14373: 14272: 14173: 14114: 14056:Preceding years 14042: 13995: 13984: 13843:and departments 13842: 13835: 13727: 13718: 13501: 13498: 13490: 13389: 13362: 13327: 13322: 13276: 13227: 13192: 13181: 13180: 13177: 13168:Wayback Machine 13161:the UN Registry 13152: 13141: 13135: 13132: 13113: 13104:This article's 13100: 13096: 13089: 13084: 13078: 13041: 13023:Welsh, Jennifer 13009: 13007:Further reading 13004: 12998: 12974: 12943: 12919: 12897: 12878: 12857: 12829: 12805: 12771: 12752: 12728: 12709: 12688: 12674:Coulon, Jocelyn 12666: 12645: 12640: 12639: 12629: 12627: 12623: 12616: 12612: 12611: 12607: 12597: 12595: 12586: 12585: 12581: 12571: 12569: 12556: 12555: 12551: 12541: 12539: 12528: 12524: 12497: 12493: 12458: 12454: 12444: 12442: 12427: 12423: 12418:Wayback Machine 12408:Foreign Affairs 12405: 12401: 12389: 12385: 12380:Wayback Machine 12371:, 17 Oct. 2002 12367: 12363: 12353: 12351: 12344:Washington Post 12336: 12332: 12322: 12320: 12316: 12305: 12301: 12300: 12296: 12286: 12284: 12269: 12265: 12259:Wayback Machine 12249: 12245: 12239:Wayback Machine 12228: 12224: 12218:Wayback Machine 12209:The Independent 12201: 12197: 12189:Wayback Machine 12170:Wayback Machine 12140: 12136: 12126: 12124: 12115: 12114: 12110: 12100: 12098: 12094: 12053: 12044: 12040: 12030: 12028: 12013:(16 May 2005). 12008: 12004: 11994: 11992: 11988: 11980: 11979: 11975: 11965: 11963: 11950: 11949: 11945: 11935: 11933: 11928:. 4 June 1997. 11920: 11919: 11915: 11905: 11903: 11868: 11864: 11854: 11852: 11837: 11833: 11826: 11806: 11802: 11794: 11790: 11776: 11774: 11759: 11758: 11754: 11744: 11742: 11729: 11728: 11724: 11707: 11703: 11693: 11691: 11676: 11672: 11662: 11660: 11645: 11641: 11631: 11629: 11616: 11615: 11611: 11601: 11599: 11586: 11585: 11581: 11571: 11569: 11548: 11547: 11543: 11524: 11520: 11510: 11508: 11497: 11493: 11483: 11481: 11468: 11467: 11463: 11455: 11451: 11439:Wayback Machine 11430: 11426: 11414:Wayback Machine 11404: 11400: 11390: 11388: 11373: 11372: 11368: 11358: 11356: 11341: 11340: 11336: 11326: 11324: 11317: 11309:. p. 455. 11297: 11293: 11283: 11281: 11274: 11258: 11254: 11244: 11242: 11225: 11221: 11211: 11209: 11196: 11195: 11191: 11181: 11179: 11174:. Nobel Prize. 11170: 11169: 11165: 11157: 11153: 11145: 11141: 11131: 11129: 11116: 11115: 11111: 11101: 11099: 11090: 11089: 11085: 11077: 11073: 11063: 11061: 11060:on 24 June 2021 11054: 11038: 11034: 11024: 11022: 11021:on 24 June 2021 11015: 10999: 10995: 10962: 10958: 10948: 10946: 10937: 10936: 10932: 10922: 10920: 10911: 10910: 10906: 10896: 10894: 10887: 10886: 10882: 10875:Wayback Machine 10863:Wayback Machine 10854: 10850: 10842: 10838: 10830: 10826: 10816: 10814: 10801: 10800: 10796: 10788: 10784: 10774: 10772: 10763: 10762: 10755: 10745: 10743: 10734: 10733: 10729: 10719: 10717: 10708: 10707: 10703: 10693: 10691: 10678: 10677: 10673: 10663: 10661: 10652: 10651: 10647: 10637: 10635: 10626: 10625: 10621: 10611: 10609: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10585: 10583: 10574: 10573: 10569: 10561: 10557: 10547: 10545: 10538:"Organizations" 10536: 10535: 10531: 10523: 10519: 10511: 10507: 10497: 10495: 10482: 10481: 10477: 10467: 10465: 10456: 10455: 10451: 10443: 10436: 10428: 10424: 10416: 10412: 10404: 10400: 10392: 10388: 10378: 10376: 10367: 10366: 10362: 10352: 10350: 10341: 10340: 10336: 10326: 10324: 10315: 10314: 10310: 10300: 10298: 10289: 10288: 10284: 10276: 10272: 10264: 10260: 10252: 10248: 10238: 10236: 10227: 10226: 10222: 10214: 10210: 10200: 10198: 10189: 10188: 10184: 10174: 10172: 10163: 10162: 10158: 10150: 10146: 10136: 10134: 10113: 10109: 10099: 10097: 10093: 10086: 10082: 10081: 10077: 10067: 10065: 10052: 10051: 10047: 10039: 10035: 10027: 10023: 10015: 10011: 10003: 9999: 9991: 9987: 9979: 9975: 9965: 9963: 9954: 9953: 9946: 9936: 9934: 9921: 9920: 9916: 9908: 9904: 9896: 9892: 9882: 9880: 9871: 9870: 9866: 9856: 9854: 9843: 9839: 9829: 9827: 9822:. 28 May 2007. 9814: 9813: 9809: 9799: 9797: 9780: 9776: 9766: 9764: 9751: 9750: 9746: 9736: 9734: 9721: 9720: 9716: 9706: 9704: 9689: 9685: 9677: 9673: 9665: 9661: 9653: 9649: 9641: 9637: 9627: 9625: 9612: 9611: 9604: 9596: 9592: 9582: 9580: 9579:on 28 July 2009 9571: 9570: 9566: 9556: 9554: 9550: 9543: 9539: 9538: 9534: 9524: 9522: 9513: 9512: 9508: 9498: 9496: 9483: 9482: 9478: 9468: 9466: 9453: 9452: 9448: 9438: 9436: 9425: 9421: 9413: 9409: 9401: 9397: 9387: 9385: 9372: 9371: 9367: 9357: 9355: 9340: 9336: 9326: 9324: 9311: 9310: 9306: 9296: 9294: 9281: 9277: 9267: 9265: 9260:. Group of 77. 9258:"About the G77" 9256: 9255: 9251: 9241: 9239: 9234:. Group of 77. 9230: 9229: 9225: 9215: 9213: 9196: 9192: 9182: 9180: 9171: 9170: 9166: 9156: 9154: 9145: 9144: 9140: 9130: 9128: 9119: 9118: 9114: 9104: 9102: 9093: 9092: 9088: 9080: 9076: 9066: 9064: 9055: 9054: 9050: 9040: 9038: 9025: 9024: 9020: 9010: 9008: 9003: 9002: 8998: 8988: 8986: 8977: 8976: 8969: 8959: 8957: 8944: 8943: 8939: 8931: 8927: 8917: 8915: 8906: 8905: 8901: 8893: 8886: 8876: 8874: 8861: 8860: 8853: 8845: 8841: 8833: 8826: 8816: 8814: 8805: 8804: 8800: 8790: 8788: 8775: 8774: 8767: 8757: 8755: 8746: 8745: 8741: 8731: 8729: 8720: 8719: 8715: 8707: 8703: 8695: 8691: 8681: 8679: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8657: 8653: 8645: 8641: 8631: 8629: 8614: 8610: 8600: 8598: 8589: 8588: 8584: 8576: 8572: 8562: 8560: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8534: 8530: 8520: 8518: 8509: 8508: 8501: 8493: 8489: 8475: 8473: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8447: 8438: 8437: 8433: 8425: 8421: 8413: 8406: 8396: 8394: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8371:Wayback Machine 8362: 8358: 8352:Wayback Machine 8343: 8339: 8333:Wayback Machine 8321: 8317: 8311:Wayback Machine 8302: 8295: 8291:, pp. 4–7. 8287: 8283: 8275: 8271: 8261: 8259: 8258:on 28 June 2012 8250: 8249: 8245: 8235: 8233: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8209: 8207: 8198: 8197: 8193: 8183: 8181: 8172: 8171: 8167: 8157: 8155: 8146: 8145: 8141: 8131: 8129: 8120: 8119: 8115: 8107: 8103: 8099:, pp. 3–4. 8095: 8091: 8081: 8079: 8062: 8058: 8048: 8046: 8031: 8027: 8017: 8015: 8008:www.cbsnews.com 8000: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7971: 7970: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7941: 7940: 7933: 7923: 7921: 7917: 7910: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7891: 7889: 7876: 7875: 7871: 7861: 7859: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7831: 7829: 7816: 7815: 7811: 7801: 7799: 7788: 7784: 7776: 7772: 7764: 7760: 7752: 7748: 7743: 7739: 7731: 7727: 7717: 7715: 7700: 7699: 7692: 7684: 7680: 7670: 7668: 7653: 7649: 7641: 7637: 7629: 7625: 7617: 7613: 7605: 7601: 7596: 7592: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7563: 7557: 7553: 7548: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7481: 7477: 7469: 7465: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7439: 7435: 7427: 7423: 7415: 7411: 7403: 7399: 7391: 7387: 7382: 7378: 7370: 7366: 7362:, pp. 114. 7358: 7354: 7344: 7342: 7329: 7328: 7321: 7313: 7309: 7299: 7297: 7290:www.nytimes.com 7284: 7283: 7279: 7269: 7267: 7254: 7253: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7229: 7225: 7210: 7196: 7192: 7182: 7180: 7171: 7170: 7166: 7158: 7154: 7144: 7142: 7129: 7128: 7115: 7109: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7072: 7068: 7058: 7056: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7032: 7030: 7017: 7016: 7012: 7002: 7000: 6987: 6986: 6982: 6972: 6970: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6948:, p. 2445. 6944: 6940: 6933: 6911: 6907: 6897: 6895: 6882: 6881: 6877: 6867: 6865: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6829: 6828: 6820: 6816: 6808: 6804: 6794: 6792: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6751:Urquhart, Brian 6748: 6744: 6736: 6732: 6725: 6711: 6707: 6697: 6695: 6688:Wordorigins.org 6682: 6681: 6677: 6667: 6665: 6657:Carlin, David. 6655: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6631: 6630: 6626: 6616: 6614: 6607: 6589: 6585: 6575: 6573: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6538: 6537: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6484: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6439: 6435: 6425: 6423: 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deployed the 1091: 1015: 1013:Founding (1945) 999:Allied Big Four 866: 762: 757: 751: 498: 475: 469: 468: 462: 461: 444: 442: 439: 435: 424: 422: 419: 415: 386: 371: 356: 341: 319: 298: 272: 270:Official script 263: 193: 179: 178: 177: 172: 164: 163: 158: 145: 144: 143: 130: 113: 55: 54: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17224: 17214: 17213: 17208: 17203: 17198: 17193: 17188: 17183: 17178: 17176:United Nations 17161: 17160: 17155: 17154: 17152: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17105: 17103: 17099: 17098: 17096: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17070: 17068:English school 17065: 17063:Constructivism 17059: 17057: 17051: 17050: 17048: 17047: 17042: 17041: 17040: 17035: 17033:Non-aggression 17030: 17025: 17020: 17010: 17005: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16985: 16980: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16960: 16955: 16950: 16949: 16948: 16943: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16918: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16877: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16855: 16853: 16849: 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Nations 16177: 16171: 16165: 16159: 16153: 16147: 16144:Anti-Apartheid 16141: 16135: 16129: 16123: 16117: 16111: 16105: 16099: 16093: 16087: 16081: 16074: 16071: 16070: 16067:United Nations 16059: 16058: 16051: 16044: 16036: 16027: 16026: 16023: 16022: 16020: 16019: 16014: 16009: 16003: 16001: 15990: 15989: 15987: 15986: 15981: 15976: 15974:United Nations 15971: 15966: 15961: 15956: 15951: 15946: 15941: 15936: 15931: 15925: 15923: 15913: 15897: 15896: 15881: 15880: 15873: 15866: 15858: 15852: 15849: 15848: 15836: 15835: 15832: 15829: 15828: 15826: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15799: 15797: 15793: 15792: 15790: 15789: 15783: 15777: 15771: 15765: 15759: 15753: 15747: 15741: 15735: 15726: 15724: 15720:United Nations 15719: 15716: 15715: 15708: 15706: 15704: 15703: 15697: 15691: 15684: 15682: 15677: 15674: 15673: 15670:United Nations 15658: 15657: 15650: 15643: 15635: 15626: 15625: 15623: 15622: 15617: 15616: 15615: 15610: 15600: 15595: 15589: 15587: 15585:Former members 15581: 15580: 15578: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15541: 15539: 15535: 15534: 15532: 15531: 15529:United Kingdom 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15435: 15433: 15429: 15428: 15426: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15334: 15332: 15328: 15327: 15325: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15288: 15286: 15282: 15281: 15279: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15262: 15260: 15256: 15255: 15248:United Nations 15243: 15242: 15235: 15228: 15220: 15211: 15210: 15208: 15207: 15196: 15193: 15192: 15190: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15148: 15146: 15142: 15141: 15138: 15137: 15135: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15108: 15106: 15100: 15099: 15097: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15076: 15070: 15068: 15062: 15061: 15059: 15058: 15053: 15051:United Kingdom 15048: 15043: 15038: 15032: 15030: 15021: 15015: 15014: 15012: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14995: 14993: 14989: 14988: 14986: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14959: 14957: 14951: 14950: 14948: 14947: 14946: 14945: 14940: 14930: 14929: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14907: 14905: 14901: 14900: 14897:United Nations 14889: 14888: 14881: 14874: 14866: 14857: 14856: 14842: 14839: 14838: 14836: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14802: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14768: 14766: 14762: 14761: 14759: 14758: 14753: 14748: 14741: 14736: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14715: 14714: 14704: 14699: 14698: 14697: 14687: 14686: 14685: 14675: 14670: 14669: 14668: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14597: 14596: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14515: 14514: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14461: 14459: 14453: 14452: 14450: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14438: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14399: 14398: 14397: 14392: 14381: 14379: 14375: 14374: 14372: 14371: 14370: 14369: 14364: 14362:Western Sahara 14359: 14354: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14309: 14308: 14307: 14302: 14292: 14286: 14284: 14278: 14277: 14274: 14273: 14271: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14259: 14258: 14253: 14243: 14242: 14241: 14231: 14226: 14225: 14224: 14219: 14209: 14208: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14181: 14179: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14171: 14165: 14159: 14153: 14147: 14141: 14135: 14129: 14122: 14120: 14116: 14115: 14113: 14112: 14111: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14059: 14057: 14050: 14044: 14043: 14041: 14040: 14039: 14038: 14036:European Union 14028: 14027: 14026: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14000: 13998: 13990: 13989: 13986: 13985: 13983: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13916: 13915: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13873:Envoy on Youth 13870: 13869: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13847: 13845: 13837: 13836: 13834: 13833: 13832: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13730: 13728: 13723: 13720: 13719: 13717: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13700: 13699: 13694: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13598: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13577: 13576: 13575: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13504: 13502: 13495: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13488: 13483: 13482: 13481: 13471: 13470: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13449: 13448: 13447: 13437: 13436: 13435: 13425: 13424: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13397: 13395: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13387: 13381: 13379: 13370: 13364: 13363: 13361: 13360: 13358:Dennis Francis 13351: 13342: 13332: 13329: 13328: 13325:United Nations 13321: 13320: 13313: 13306: 13298: 13292: 13291: 13283:United Nations 13280: 13265: 13256: 13250: 13240: 13234: 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Yahoo News. 12222: 12195: 12193: 12192: 12178: 12177:. 8 July 2009. 12159: 12145: 12134: 12108: 12047:Resnik, Judith 12038: 12002: 11989:(subscription) 11973: 11943: 11913: 11882:(4): 437–438. 11862: 11831: 11824: 11800: 11788: 11783:Newspapers.com 11752: 11722: 11701: 11670: 11639: 11609: 11579: 11541: 11518: 11491: 11461: 11459:, p. civ. 11449: 11424: 11398: 11366: 11348:Tamil Guardian 11334: 11315: 11291: 11272: 11252: 11219: 11202:NobelPrize.org 11189: 11163: 11161:, p. 339. 11151: 11139: 11109: 11083: 11081:, p. 290. 11071: 11052: 11032: 11013: 10993: 10956: 10930: 10904: 10880: 10848: 10846:, p. 115. 10836: 10834:, p. 682. 10824: 10807:United Nations 10794: 10792:, p. 117. 10782: 10753: 10727: 10701: 10671: 10645: 10619: 10593: 10567: 10565:, p. 179. 10555: 10529: 10517: 10505: 10475: 10449: 10447:, p. 183. 10434: 10432:, p. 368. 10422: 10410: 10398: 10386: 10360: 10349:on 3 June 2004 10334: 10308: 10282: 10280:, p. 126. 10270: 10258: 10246: 10220: 10208: 10182: 10156: 10144: 10107: 10075: 10045: 10043:, p. 347. 10033: 10031:, p. 192. 10021: 10009: 9997: 9995:, p. 377. 9985: 9973: 9944: 9914: 9902: 9890: 9864: 9837: 9807: 9774: 9759:. 8 May 2006. 9744: 9714: 9683: 9671: 9659: 9657:, p. 187. 9647: 9635: 9620:. 7 May 2021. 9602: 9590: 9564: 9532: 9506: 9476: 9446: 9419: 9407: 9395: 9365: 9348:United Nations 9334: 9304: 9275: 9249: 9223: 9190: 9164: 9138: 9112: 9086: 9074: 9048: 9018: 8996: 8967: 8937: 8935:, p. 156. 8925: 8908:"About ECOSOC" 8899: 8884: 8851: 8839: 8837:, p. 183. 8824: 8798: 8765: 8739: 8713: 8701: 8689: 8663: 8661:, p. 285. 8651: 8639: 8622:United Nations 8608: 8582: 8570: 8553:United Nations 8540: 8528: 8499: 8487: 8457: 8431: 8419: 8404: 8392:United Nations 8379: 8356: 8337: 8315: 8293: 8281: 8269: 8243: 8217: 8191: 8165: 8139: 8113: 8101: 8089: 8056: 8025: 7994: 7964: 7947:United Nations 7931: 7899: 7869: 7852:United Nations 7839: 7809: 7782: 7780:, p. 111. 7770: 7758: 7756:, p. 104. 7746: 7737: 7725: 7690: 7678: 7661:New York Times 7647: 7635: 7623: 7621:, p. 334. 7611: 7599: 7590: 7551: 7542: 7516: 7495:(1): 357–383. 7475: 7463: 7445: 7433: 7421: 7409: 7397: 7385: 7376: 7364: 7352: 7335:United Nations 7319: 7307: 7277: 7260:United Nations 7247: 7235: 7223: 7208: 7190: 7164: 7152: 7135:United Nations 7113: 7107: 7085: 7066: 7040: 7010: 6993:United Nations 6980: 6963:United Nations 6950: 6946:Osmańczyk 2004 6938: 6931: 6905: 6888:United Nations 6875: 6843: 6814: 6802: 6776: 6742: 6730: 6723: 6705: 6675: 6649: 6624: 6605: 6583: 6557: 6531: 6501: 6482: 6462: 6433: 6414: 6394: 6377:johndclare.net 6364: 6351: 6321: 6289: 6259: 6242:United Nations 6229: 6196: 6167: 6150:United Nations 6137: 6107: 6077: 6047: 6017: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5957: 5932: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5840: 5826: 5810: 5807: 5777:Main article: 5774: 5771: 5758:Main article: 5755: 5752: 5715: 5712: 5648: 5645: 5625:George W. Bush 5588: 5585: 5581:Mike D. Rogers 5564:H.R. 1146 5544: 5541: 5531:UN Secretariat 5503: 5500: 5447: 5444: 5440:European Union 5397: 5394: 5357:George W. Bush 5352: 5349: 5344:Main article: 5341: 5338: 5299: 5296: 5202: 5199: 5168:United Kingdom 5118: 5117: 5110: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5096: 5094: 5080: 5079: 5072: 5070: 5056: 5055: 5048: 5046: 5032: 5031: 5024: 5022: 5008: 5007: 5000: 4998: 4984: 4983: 4976: 4974: 4960: 4959: 4952: 4950: 4936: 4935: 4928: 4926: 4912: 4911: 4904: 4902: 4888: 4887: 4880: 4878: 4864: 4863: 4856: 4854: 4840: 4839: 4832: 4830: 4816: 4815: 4808: 4806: 4792: 4791: 4784: 4782: 4768: 4767: 4760: 4758: 4744: 4743: 4736: 4734: 4720: 4719: 4712: 4710: 4696: 4695: 4688: 4686: 4672: 4671: 4664: 4662: 4648: 4647: 4640: 4638: 4624: 4623: 4616: 4614: 4612:United Kingdom 4600: 4599: 4592: 4590: 4576: 4575: 4568: 4566: 4552: 4551: 4544: 4542: 4528: 4527: 4520: 4518: 4504: 4503: 4496: 4484: 4481: 4458:Western Sahara 4441: 4438: 4434:Kyoto Protocol 4430:global warming 4395: 4392: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4201: 4198: 4182:women's rights 4104: 4101: 3935: 3932: 3923: 3920: 3891:Main article: 3888: 3885: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3787: 3778: 3772: 3762: 3753: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3726: 3724:Toily Kurbanov 3714: 3701: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3686: 3674: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3634: 3621: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3604:Inger Andersen 3594: 3581: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3566: 3554: 3541: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3514: 3501: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3474: 3461: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3446: 3427: 3414: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3343: 3314: 3301: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3273: 3260: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3244: 3242:Tedros Adhanom 3232: 3219: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3206: 3203: 3181: 3168: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3140: 3127: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3111: 3099: 3086: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3070: 3058: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3029: 3027:Audrey Azoulay 3017: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2976: 2963: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2935: 2922: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2894: 2881: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2853: 2840: 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16205: 16202: 16199: 16196: 16193: 16190: 16187: 16184: 16181: 16178: 16175: 16172: 16169: 16166: 16163: 16160: 16157: 16154: 16151: 16148: 16145: 16142: 16139: 16136: 16133: 16130: 16127: 16126:Book (UNESCO) 16124: 16121: 16118: 16115: 16112: 16109: 16106: 16103: 16100: 16097: 16094: 16091: 16088: 16085: 16082: 16079: 16078:World Refugee 16076: 16075: 16072: 16068: 16064: 16057: 16052: 16050: 16045: 16043: 16038: 16037: 16034: 16018: 16015: 16013: 16010: 16008: 16005: 16004: 16002: 15998: 15991: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15926: 15924: 15922: 15919:Non-cultural 15917: 15914: 15910: 15904: 15903:organizations 15898: 15892: 15886: 15879: 15874: 15872: 15867: 15865: 15860: 15859: 15856: 15850: 15843: 15830: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15800: 15798: 15794: 15787: 15784: 15782:(South Korea) 15781: 15778: 15775: 15772: 15769: 15766: 15763: 15760: 15757: 15756:Kurt Waldheim 15754: 15751: 15748: 15745: 15742: 15739: 15736: 15733: 15732: 15728: 15727: 15725: 15717: 15712: 15701: 15698: 15695: 15694:Joseph Avenol 15692: 15689: 15688:Eric Drummond 15686: 15685: 15683: 15675: 15671: 15667: 15663: 15656: 15651: 15649: 15644: 15642: 15637: 15636: 15633: 15621: 15618: 15614: 15613:Ukrainian SSR 15611: 15609: 15606: 15605: 15604: 15601: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15590: 15588: 15586: 15582: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15542: 15540: 15536: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15479:Liechtenstein 15477: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15436: 15434: 15430: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15335: 15333: 15329: 15323: 15322:United States 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15289: 15287: 15283: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15263: 15261: 15257: 15253: 15252:member states 15249: 15241: 15236: 15234: 15229: 15227: 15222: 15221: 15218: 15206: 15198: 15197: 15194: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15149: 15147: 15143: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15109: 15107: 15105: 15101: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15071: 15069: 15067: 15063: 15057: 15056:United States 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15033: 15031: 15029: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15016: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14996: 14994: 14990: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14960: 14958: 14956: 14952: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14935: 14934: 14931: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14913: 14912: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14902: 14898: 14894: 14887: 14882: 14880: 14875: 14873: 14868: 14867: 14864: 14854: 14853: 14848: 14840: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14809: 14807: 14803: 14801: 14799: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14769: 14767: 14763: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14746: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14717: 14713: 14710: 14709: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14696: 14693: 14692: 14691: 14688: 14684: 14681: 14680: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14667: 14664: 14663: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14636:Treaty Series 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14595: 14592: 14591: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14513: 14510: 14509: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14487: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14462: 14460: 14458: 14454: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14402: 14400: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14387: 14386: 14383: 14382: 14380: 14376: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14314: 14313: 14310: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14297: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14287: 14285: 14283: 14279: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14248: 14247: 14244: 14240: 14237: 14236: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14214: 14213: 14210: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14187: 14186: 14183: 14182: 14180: 14176: 14169: 14166: 14163: 14160: 14157: 14154: 14151: 14148: 14145: 14142: 14139: 14136: 14133: 14130: 14127: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14117: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14090: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14060: 14058: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14045: 14037: 14034: 14033: 14032: 14029: 14025: 14022: 14021: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14001: 13999: 13997: 13996:and observers 13991: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13940:Legal Affairs 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13914: 13911: 13910: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13853: 13852: 13849: 13848: 13846: 13844: 13838: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13721: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13689: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13582: 13581: 13578: 13574: 13571: 13570: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13493: 13487: 13484: 13480: 13477: 13476: 13475: 13472: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13454: 13453: 13450: 13446: 13443: 13442: 13441: 13438: 13434: 13431: 13430: 13429: 13426: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13411: 13407: 13404: 13403: 13402: 13399: 13398: 13396: 13392: 13386: 13383: 13382: 13380: 13378: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13365: 13359: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13337: 13334: 13333: 13330: 13326: 13319: 13314: 13312: 13307: 13305: 13300: 13299: 13296: 13289: 13284: 13281: 13273: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13260: 13257: 13254: 13251: 13248: 13244: 13241: 13238: 13235: 13232: 13229: 13228: 13220: 13217: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13190: 13184: 13179: 13178: 13169: 13165: 13162: 13158: 13157: 13150: 13147: 13139: 13136:February 2024 13129: 13125: 13124:inappropriate 13121: 13117: 13111: 13109: 13102: 13093: 13092: 13079: 13073: 13068: 13067: 13061: 13060:Roberts, Adam 13057: 13054: 13050: 13046: 13042: 13036: 13032: 13028: 13024: 13020: 13019:Roberts, Adam 13016: 13015:Lowe, Vaughan 13012: 13011: 12999: 12993: 12989: 12988: 12983: 12979: 12975: 12969: 12965: 12960: 12956: 12952: 12948: 12944: 12938: 12934: 12933: 12928: 12924: 12920: 12914: 12910: 12906: 12902: 12898: 12892: 12888: 12883: 12879: 12873: 12869: 12868: 12862: 12858: 12852: 12848: 12847: 12842: 12838: 12834: 12830: 12824: 12820: 12819: 12814: 12813:Kennedy, Paul 12810: 12806: 12800: 12796: 12792: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12766: 12762: 12757: 12753: 12747: 12743: 12742: 12737: 12733: 12729: 12723: 12719: 12714: 12710: 12704: 12700: 12699: 12693: 12689: 12683: 12679: 12675: 12671: 12667: 12661: 12656: 12655: 12648: 12647: 12622: 12615: 12609: 12593: 12589: 12588:"What is MUN" 12583: 12567: 12563: 12559: 12553: 12537: 12533: 12526: 12518: 12514: 12510: 12506: 12502: 12495: 12487: 12483: 12479: 12475: 12471: 12467: 12463: 12456: 12440: 12436: 12432: 12425: 12419: 12415: 12412: 12409: 12403: 12397: 12393: 12387: 12381: 12377: 12374: 12370: 12365: 12349: 12345: 12341: 12334: 12315: 12311: 12304: 12298: 12282: 12278: 12274: 12267: 12260: 12256: 12252: 12247: 12240: 12236: 12232: 12226: 12219: 12215: 12211: 12210: 12205: 12199: 12190: 12186: 12183: 12179: 12176: 12175: 12171: 12167: 12164: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12150: 12146: 12143: 12142: 12138: 12122: 12118: 12112: 12093: 12089: 12085: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12069: 12065: 12061: 12060: 12052: 12048: 12042: 12026: 12022: 12021: 12016: 12012: 12006: 11987: 11983: 11977: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11947: 11931: 11927: 11923: 11917: 11901: 11897: 11893: 11889: 11885: 11881: 11877: 11873: 11866: 11850: 11846: 11842: 11835: 11827: 11821: 11817: 11813: 11812: 11804: 11797: 11792: 11784: 11772: 11768: 11767: 11762: 11756: 11740: 11736: 11732: 11726: 11719: 11715: 11711: 11705: 11689: 11685: 11681: 11674: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11643: 11627: 11623: 11619: 11613: 11597: 11593: 11592:Bloomberg.com 11589: 11583: 11567: 11563: 11559: 11555: 11551: 11545: 11537: 11533: 11529: 11522: 11506: 11502: 11495: 11479: 11475: 11471: 11465: 11458: 11457:Fomerand 2009 11453: 11446: 11445: 11440: 11436: 11433: 11428: 11421: 11420: 11415: 11411: 11408: 11402: 11386: 11382: 11381: 11376: 11370: 11354: 11350: 11349: 11344: 11338: 11322: 11318: 11312: 11308: 11304: 11303: 11295: 11279: 11275: 11269: 11265: 11264: 11256: 11240: 11236: 11235: 11230: 11223: 11207: 11203: 11199: 11193: 11177: 11173: 11167: 11160: 11155: 11148: 11147:Fomerand 2009 11143: 11127: 11123: 11119: 11113: 11097: 11093: 11087: 11080: 11075: 11059: 11055: 11049: 11045: 11044: 11036: 11020: 11016: 11010: 11006: 11005: 10997: 10989: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10971: 10967: 10960: 10944: 10940: 10934: 10918: 10914: 10908: 10892: 10891: 10884: 10877: 10876: 10872: 10869: 10864: 10860: 10857: 10852: 10845: 10840: 10833: 10828: 10812: 10808: 10804: 10798: 10791: 10786: 10770: 10766: 10760: 10758: 10741: 10737: 10731: 10715: 10711: 10705: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10675: 10659: 10655: 10649: 10633: 10629: 10623: 10607: 10603: 10597: 10581: 10577: 10571: 10564: 10559: 10543: 10539: 10533: 10526: 10521: 10514: 10513:Fomerand 2009 10509: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10479: 10463: 10459: 10453: 10446: 10441: 10439: 10431: 10430:Fomerand 2009 10426: 10419: 10418:Fomerand 2009 10414: 10407: 10402: 10395: 10394:Fomerand 2009 10390: 10374: 10370: 10364: 10348: 10344: 10338: 10322: 10318: 10312: 10296: 10292: 10286: 10279: 10278:Fomerand 2009 10274: 10267: 10266:Fomerand 2009 10262: 10255: 10250: 10234: 10230: 10224: 10217: 10212: 10196: 10192: 10186: 10170: 10166: 10160: 10153: 10152:Fomerand 2009 10148: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10123: 10118: 10111: 10092: 10085: 10079: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10049: 10042: 10041:Fomerand 2009 10037: 10030: 10025: 10018: 10017:Fomerand 2009 10013: 10006: 10001: 9994: 9993:Fomerand 2009 9989: 9982: 9977: 9961: 9957: 9951: 9949: 9932: 9928: 9924: 9918: 9911: 9906: 9899: 9894: 9878: 9874: 9868: 9852: 9848: 9841: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9811: 9795: 9791: 9790: 9785: 9778: 9762: 9758: 9754: 9748: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9718: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9687: 9680: 9675: 9668: 9663: 9656: 9651: 9645:, p. 46. 9644: 9639: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9609: 9607: 9600:, p. 56. 9599: 9594: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9549: 9542: 9536: 9520: 9516: 9510: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9480: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9450: 9434: 9430: 9427:Nobel Prize. 9423: 9417:, p. ix. 9416: 9411: 9405:, p. 52. 9404: 9399: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9369: 9353: 9349: 9345: 9338: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9292: 9288: 9287: 9279: 9263: 9259: 9253: 9237: 9233: 9227: 9211: 9207: 9206: 9201: 9194: 9178: 9174: 9168: 9152: 9148: 9142: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9100: 9096: 9090: 9083: 9078: 9062: 9058: 9052: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9022: 9006: 9000: 8984: 8980: 8974: 8972: 8955: 8951: 8947: 8941: 8934: 8929: 8913: 8909: 8903: 8896: 8895:Fomerand 2009 8891: 8889: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8858: 8856: 8848: 8843: 8836: 8835:Fomerand 2009 8831: 8829: 8812: 8808: 8802: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8772: 8770: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8727: 8723: 8717: 8710: 8705: 8698: 8693: 8677: 8673: 8667: 8660: 8659:Fomerand 2009 8655: 8649:, p. 21. 8648: 8643: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8618:"Secretariat" 8612: 8596: 8592: 8586: 8579: 8574: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8544: 8537: 8532: 8516: 8512: 8506: 8504: 8496: 8491: 8484: 8471: 8467: 8461: 8445: 8441: 8440:"Main Organs" 8435: 8428: 8423: 8416: 8415:Fomerand 2009 8411: 8409: 8393: 8389: 8383: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8365: 8360: 8353: 8349: 8346: 8341: 8334: 8330: 8327: 8326: 8319: 8312: 8308: 8305: 8300: 8298: 8290: 8285: 8278: 8273: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8231: 8227: 8221: 8205: 8201: 8195: 8179: 8175: 8169: 8153: 8149: 8143: 8127: 8123: 8117: 8110: 8105: 8098: 8093: 8077: 8073: 8072: 8067: 8060: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8029: 8013: 8009: 8005: 7998: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7936: 7916: 7909: 7903: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7873: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7843: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7813: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7779: 7774: 7767: 7762: 7755: 7750: 7741: 7734: 7729: 7713: 7709: 7708: 7703: 7697: 7695: 7687: 7682: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7651: 7644: 7639: 7632: 7627: 7620: 7615: 7608: 7603: 7594: 7575: 7571: 7570: 7562: 7555: 7546: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7512: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7479: 7472: 7467: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7442: 7437: 7430: 7425: 7418: 7413: 7406: 7401: 7394: 7389: 7380: 7373: 7368: 7361: 7356: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7324: 7316: 7311: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7281: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7244: 7239: 7233:, p. 35. 7232: 7227: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7205: 7201: 7194: 7178: 7174: 7168: 7161: 7156: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7110: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7089: 7081: 7077: 7070: 7054: 7050: 7044: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7014: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6984: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6954: 6947: 6942: 6934: 6928: 6924: 6919: 6918: 6909: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6854: 6847: 6839: 6833: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6806: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6746: 6739: 6738:Sherwood 1948 6734: 6726: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6679: 6664: 6660: 6653: 6638: 6634: 6628: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6587: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6545: 6541: 6535: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6505: 6489: 6485: 6479: 6475: 6474: 6466: 6450: 6446: 6445: 6437: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6407: 6406: 6398: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6368: 6361: 6355: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6325: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6293: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6263: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6208:"Our history" 6203: 6201: 6184: 6180: 6174: 6172: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6141: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6081: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6021: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6002: 5998: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5961: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5936: 5930:October 1945. 5926: 5922: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5841: 5838: 5832: 5827: 5824: 5818: 5813: 5806: 5804: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5786: 5780: 5770: 5768: 5761: 5751: 5749: 5746:, the son of 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5726: 5721: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5700: 5696: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5651:According to 5647:Effectiveness 5644: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5550: 5540: 5537: 5532: 5528: 5523: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5443: 5441: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5424: 5422: 5421:laissez-faire 5418: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5393: 5391: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5358: 5347: 5337: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5305: 5295: 5292: 5287: 5285: 5281: 5278: 5273: 5270: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5230: 5229:New York City 5226: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5208: 5198: 5196: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5166:(6.11%), the 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5152:United States 5149: 5143: 5141: 5135: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5081: 5071: 5069: 5057: 5047: 5045: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4985: 4975: 4973: 4961: 4951: 4949: 4937: 4927: 4925: 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The 4355:, and 4321:Jordan 4188:, the 4175:LGBTQ+ 4122:, 1949 4091:, the 4079:, the 4075:, the 4071:, the 4067:, the 4019:, the 3988:, and 3881:CONEFO 3849:. The 3841:: the 3789: 3780: 3774: 3764: 3755: 3454:UNICEF 3378:UNAIDS 3311:Geneva 3270:Geneva 3229:Geneva 3096:Madrid 3055:Vienna 2998:UNESCO 2973:Geneva 2891:London 2850:Geneva 2687:Agency 2641:, the 2555: 2524: 2493: 2461: 2430: 2399: 2367: 2338:Sweden 2335: 2306:Norway 2303: 2271: 2252:Notes 2138:, the 2124:Guyana 2086:, the 1609:immune 1593:French 1581:Arabic 1571:, and 1569:Vienna 1540:, the 1536:, the 1532:, the 1399:. The 1360:. The 1253:, and 1240:racism 1137:Israel 1064:Greece 1056:London 830:, and 824:France 806:. 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