175:
163:
187:
151:
211:
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437:. They also added Arabic as both an official language and working language of the GA. Thus all six official languages were also working languages. Arabic was made an official and working language of "the General Assembly and its Main Committees", whereas the other five languages had status in all GA committees and subcommittees (not just the main committees). The Arab members of the UN had agreed to pay the costs of implementing the resolution, for three years.
1337:
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equally favourable working conditions and resources. The resolution noted with concern that the multilingual development of the UN website had improved at a much slower rate than expected. The drive to improve parity and focus on multilingualism continued throughout the 2010s and led to the United
Nations news and media website (
1158:
In 2010, the UN's
Department of Public Information announced an initiative of six "language days" to be observed throughout the year, one for each official language, with the goal of celebrating linguistic diversity and learning about the importance of cross-cultural communication. In 2020 Portuguese
440:
In 1980, the
General Assembly got rid of this final distinction, making Arabic an official and working language of all its committees and subcommittees, as of 1 January 1982. At the same time, the GA requested the Security Council to include Arabic among its official and working languages, and the
426:
The following year, the second session of the
General Assembly adopted permanent rules of procedure, Resolution 173 (II). The part of those rules relating to language closely followed the 1946 rules, except that the 1947 rules did not purport to apply to other UN organs, just the General Assembly.
486:
On 8 June 2007, resolutions concerning human resources management at the UN, the
General Assembly had emphasized "the paramount importance of the equality of the six official languages of the United Nations" and requested that the secretary-general "ensure that vacancy announcements specified the
493:
The secretary-general's most recent report on multilingualism was issued on 4 October 2010. In response, on 19 July 2011, the
General Assembly adopted Resolution No. A/RES/65/311 on multilingualism, calling on the secretary-general, once again, to ensure that all six official languages are given
474:
In 2001, the United
Nations drew criticism for relying too heavily on English, and not enough on the other five official languages and Spanish-speaking member nations formally brought this to the attention of the secretary-general. Additionally, there was a movement to consider adding official
1784:
Inclusion of
Mandarin among the working languages of the General Assembly, its committees and its subcommittees and inclusion of Arabic among the official and the working languages of the General Assembly and its Main Committees: amendments to rules 51 to 59 of the rules of procedure of the
520:
In June 2022, the United
Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on multilingualism that encouraged UN organizations to disseminate important communication and messages in official as well as non-official languages, similar to the semi-official policies proposed to Kofi Annan and
482:
responded to these criticisms that full parity of the six official languages was unachievable within current budgetary restraints, but he nevertheless attached great importance to improving the linguistic balance and worked to increase parity between the existing 6 official languages.
124:
The six official languages are also used for the dissemination of official documents. Generally, the texts in each of the six languages are equally authoritative. Most UN councils use all six languages as official and working languages; however, as of 2023 the
644:
to add another official language, various individuals and states have informally raised the possibility of adding a new official language to accommodate more of the world's population. It has been noted that the six official languages are mostly spoken in the
1709:
Inclusion of
Russian among the working languages of the General Assembly (amendment to rule 51 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly) and question of including Russian and Spanish among the working languages of the Security Council (21 December
4478:
1312:
which is exclusively French speaking and has 54 members. All other international bodies in commerce, transport and sport have tended to the adoption of one or a few languages as the means of communication. This is usually English and French (see:
1485:
Title Universal Declaration of Human Rights: translation into Chinese {...} Language(s) 中文 (Chinese){...}Alternate names: Beifang Fangyan, Guanhua, Guoyu, Hanyu, Huayu, Mandarin, Northern Chinese, Putonghua, Standard Chinese, Zhongguohua,
4764:
3988:
4562:
113:(Article 41 of its Rules of Procedure). Each representative of a country may speak in any one of these six languages or may speak in any language and provide interpretation into one of the six official languages. The UN provides
872:, as of 2022. Indonesian is also prominent on the internet, with one estimate ranking it sixth by number of Internet users. As a standardised register of Malay, Indonesian is also mutually intelligible with the Malay spoken in
4313:
4308:
1804:
Use of Arabic in the subsidiary organs of the General Assembly, in the Security Council and in the Economic and Social Council: amendments to rules 51, 52, 54 and 56 of the rules of procedure of the Assembly (17 December
4350:
797:
In 2007, it was reported that the government of India would "make immediate diplomatic moves to seek the status of an official language for Hindi at the United Nations". According to a 2009 press release from its
1314:
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1678:
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The Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) has increasingly promoted Indonesian as an international language, with one targets aiming for official UN language status by 2045.
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Meanwhile, a proposal had been in the works to add Spanish as a third working language in addition to English and French. This was adopted in Resolution 262 (III), passed on 11 December 1948.
144:
of 2.8 billion people on the planet, less than half of the world population. The six languages are official languages in almost two-thirds of United Nations member states (over 120 states).
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2071:
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In 2008 and 2009, resolutions of the General Assembly have urged the Secretariat to respect the parity of the six official languages, especially in the dissemination of public information.
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has more than 550 million speakers in India alone, of whom 422 million are native, 98.2 million are second language speakers, and 31.2 million are third language speakers. Hindi is the
3978:
455:, as of 1992, there were six official languages (Arabic, English, French, Mandarin, Russian and Spanish) of which three were working languages (English, French, and Spanish). Later,
4634:
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UN independent agencies have their own sets of official languages that sometimes are different from that of the principal UN organs. For example, the General Conference of
1121:
as Coordinator for Multilingualism. This responsibility was in addition to Tharoor's role as under-secretary-general for communications and public information, head of the
1026:. It is one of the most commonly spoken languages in Africa, is a compulsory subject in all Kenyan and Tanzanian schools and is increasingly being used in eastern Burundi.
4370:
977:(CPLP) had agreed to take the necessary steps to make Portuguese an official language. The media branch of the UN, UN News, already includes translations into Portuguese.
2420:
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3536:
3487:
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4298:
608:), includes website translations into Hindi, Portuguese, and Swahili in addition to the 6 official languages. Other UN documents and websites are also translated into
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448:
As of 1983, the Security Council (like the General Assembly) recognized six official and working languages: Arabic, English, French, Mandarin, Russian, and Spanish.
364:, which did not expressly provide for official languages. The Charter was initially enacted in five languages (English, French, Mandarin, Russian, and Spanish). The
2254:
1949:
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selected these original five languages because in addition to being utilized by the League of Nations, they were also the de facto official languages of the major
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is usually adopted across Muslim nation groups. Most of non-Arab Africa is either Francophone or Anglophone because of their imperial past, but there is also a
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In 1968, Russian was added as a working language of the General Assembly so that, of the GA's five official languages, four (all but Mandarin) were working.
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In a 1999 resolution, the General Assembly requested the secretary-general to "appoint a senior Secretariat official as coordinator of questions relating to
715:
that the Bengali language should be made one of the official languages of the UN. This was backed by a resolution adopted unanimously by the assembly of the
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1033:, which have differing levels of mutual intelligibility. Swahili is already used unofficially in many UN organizations as the UN has an office in Nairobi (
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2098:
1702:
570:
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4433:
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4259:
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2312:
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2236:
1777:
1758:
1739:
1552:
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2534:
1653:
1616:
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2625:
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4785:
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to promote the concept of international official languages to foster communication and spur global diplomacy in the aftermath of the brutality of
32:
For the United Nations to select a language to be official, a majority of the 193 members need to vote in favor of it. Afterward, it is up to the
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1968:
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1989:
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4012:
1590:
568:
2012:"Adopting Resolution on Multilingualism, General Assembly Emphasises Importance of Equality Among Six Official United Nations Languages"
1430:
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need for either of the working languages of the Secretariat, unless the functions of the post required a specific working language".
409:
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2015:
1721:
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3812:
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Inclusion of Arabic among the official and the working languages of the General Assembly and its Main Committees (18 December 1973)
1530:
3561:
3414:
3344:
1874:
476:
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adopted rules of procedure concerning languages that purported to apply to "all the organs of the United Nations, other than the
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languages or creating a grouping of semi-official languages for languages with over 50 million speakers. This did not happen.
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2250:
1836:
1322:
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118:
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4017:
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With between 150 and 200 million speakers, the Swahili lexicon is similar to that of other eastern Bantu languages such as
799:
2840:(Press release). United Nations Department of Public Information. 29 May 2008. Secretary-General SG/A/1138. Archived from
2512:
2368:
1854:
573:
566:
34:
respective country (or countries) of the new language to help financially support translation and interpretation services.
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4002:
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1930:
298:
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in the world, with over 279 million inhabitants of which the majority speak Indonesian, which makes it one of the most
565:
294:
2156:
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4237:
4106:
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3817:
3757:
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1746:
Inclusion of Mandarin among the working languages of the General Assembly and the Security Council (18 December 1973)
1389:
1153:
389:
2208:
1946:
1514:
The Concise Oxford English Dictionary, twelfth edition, is the current authority for spelling in the United Nations.
4732:
3901:
1817:
1159:
Language Day was added and in 2022 Swahili Language Day was added. The days and their historical significance are:
1034:
1009:
334:
1453:
770:
which is official and spoken in Pakistan and together they are often considered the same language, referred to as
4488:
3906:
3891:
3460:
3436:
1384:
1167:
1046:
1042:
857:
712:
641:
416:
405:
110:
102:
3065:
2786:"Secretary-General Appoints Under-Secretary-General Catherine Pollard of Guyana Coordinator for Multilingualism"
222:
4086:
3610:
3546:
3448:
2308:
2090:
1201:
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or Hindi–Urdu. Although very similar verbally, they do have different written scripts; Hindi is written in the
420:
377:
3297:
3017:
4780:
4698:
4619:
4577:
4537:
4465:
4146:
4071:
4056:
3385:
613:
434:
350:
174:
3186:
2812:"United Nations Information Centres Launch Redesigned Website Telling Organization's Story in 130 Languages"
947:
4686:
4547:
3317:
1394:
705:
198:
186:
162:
150:
38:
These five languages were chosen in 1946 as official languages around when the United Nations was founded:
1317:). Regional groups have adopted what is common to other elements of their ethnic or religious background.
210:
4900:
3762:
3581:
3099:
1400:
906:
have advocated for greater recognition of their language, which is widely spoken across four continents:
114:
3921:
2715:"Secretary-General Appoints Assistant Secretary-General Federico Riesco Coordinator for Multilingualism"
1699:
423:", formally setting out five (5) official languages and two (2) working languages (English and French).
4557:
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3521:
3409:
1364:
1207:
514:
126:
2954:
1774:
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was created. Portuguese and Swahili are the only non-official UN languages to have a UN Language Day.
4290:
4276:
4164:
3807:
3712:
3695:
3366:
1650:
739:
685:
330:
243:
3282:
408:. Unofficially, the UN held its operations in English and French; however, the Charter provided (in
4582:
4567:
4152:
2811:
2741:"Secretary-General Appoints Under-Secretary-General Shashi Tharoor Coordinator for Multilingualism"
2390:
2229:
Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in
1062:
342:
3287:
2599:
2465:
Uri Tadmor (2008). "Grammatical borrowing in Indonesian". In Yaron Matras; Jeanette Sakel (eds.).
2251:"Census of India: Comparative speaker's strength of Scheduled Languages-1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001"
4890:
4527:
3310:
2931:
1631:
1301:
1249:
1231:
1221:
1187:
1177:
794:, along with Pakistan (as Urdu), with its importance as a global language increasing day by day.
553:
3160:
3147:
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1965:
1498:
1065:
4614:
4076:
3797:
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1285:
1197:
1171:
1163:
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849:
666:
369:
357:
346:
290:
263:
85:
2153:"Department for General Assembly and Conference Management: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)"
1583:
4841:
4813:
4805:
4602:
4500:
4213:
3655:
3376:
3164:
Recognition of Bahasa Indonesia as an official language of the General Conferention of UNESCO
970:
841:
779:
517:
was created in addition to the UN Language Day's associated with the six official languages.
98:
4644:
3068:[The UN Celebrates French Language Day] (in French). United Nations. 21 March 2011.
2838:"Secretary-General Appoints Under-Secretary Kiyo Akasaka as Coordinator for Multilingualism"
1985:
1426:
4831:
4795:
4790:
4742:
4473:
3722:
2672:
2231:
2011:
4563:
International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
2841:
400:. These nations: the UK, the US, the USSR, Republic of China, and France, became the five
8:
4532:
3121:
2863:
2740:
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1191:
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701:
650:
646:
617:
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2694:
2014:(Press release). UN Department of Public Information. 19 July 2011. UN Doc ID GA/11116.
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2491:
2443:
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1526:
856:
in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most
318:
302:
1870:
1794:
814:
stated his firm support for the inclusion of Hindi as an official language of the UN.
4674:
4629:
4609:
4494:
4264:
4158:
4096:
3896:
3357:
2472:
2127:"Top UN official stresses need for Internet multilingualism to bridge digital divide"
1896:
1478:
1284:
has ten official languages including Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, and Portuguese. The
1225:
1129:
1030:
943:
838:
830:
826:
775:
468:
460:
433:
In 1973, the General Assembly made Mandarin a working language and switched to using
310:
251:
239:
1049:). The media branch of the UN, UN News, already includes translations into Swahili.
4230:
4170:
4140:
3822:
3516:
3298:
Top UN official stresses need for Internet multilingualism to bridge digital divide
3254:
3220:
3124:[Spanish Language Day at the United Nations] (in Spanish). United Nations.
3039:
2980:
2785:
1833:
1257:
1069:
985:
747:
743:
693:
689:
677:
625:
609:
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534:
526:
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464:
314:
306:
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130:
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66:
47:
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3292:
2864:"Department of Public Information to Launch 'Language Days at the United Nations'"
2334:
1144:, who was also under-secretary-general for communications and public information.
3593:
2772:
2701:
2679:
2466:
2075:
1972:
1953:
1934:
1858:
1840:
1821:
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55:
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1852:
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region. Swahili, known as Kiswahili by its speakers, is an official language of
3333:
2570:"Development and Promotion of Extractive Industries and Mineral Value Addition"
2508:
2391:"Government working actively for Hindi as official language of UN: S M Krishna"
2364:
1253:
1114:
845:
811:
783:
697:
654:
621:
549:
and the GA recognizes the efforts of the UN to use non-official languages too.
373:
365:
338:
275:
259:
137:
26:
2866:(Press release). United Nations. 19 February 2010. UN Doc ID OBV/853 PI/1926.
1927:
1614:
4874:
2765:
1315:
list of international organisations which have French as an official language
1018:
1013:
989:
966:. It is an official language in nine countries and one autonomous territory.
939:
923:
853:
787:
708:
662:
629:
546:
381:
271:
77:
This language was later voted to be an additional official language in 1973:
2986:[United Nations Chinese Language Day] (in Chinese). United Nations.
4860:
4737:
4597:
3598:
3148:"Spelling | Department for General Assembly and Conference Management"
2152:
1239:
1235:
1137:
1106:
was appointed Coordinator for Multilingualism, effective 6 September 2001.
385:
286:
117:
from any official language into the other five official languages, via the
337:(such as Esperanto) or an existing group of languages, and how handle the
4826:
4640:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
3161:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2023),
3092:"Spanish Language Day to be Celebrated at HQ on Tuesday, 12 October 2010"
2204:
1814:
1058:
955:
762:) and its related dialects are still being spoken by small minorities in
720:
522:
326:
247:
1988:. United Nations Secretary-General. 4 October 2010. UN Doc ID A/65/488.
1555:. United Nations Secretary-General. 4 October 2010. UN Doc ID A/65/488.
1350:
1180:: first celebrated 12 November; now set on 20 April ("to pay tribute to
4727:
3792:
2451:
1110:
935:
931:
869:
759:
479:
2814:(Press release). United Nations Information Service. 24 October 2008.
2417:"Hindi should be an official language in the UN: Nepal Vice President"
2485:
1584:"Preparation of Multilingual Treaties: Memorandum by the Secretariat"
1407:
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant § Warning messages for future humans
1215:
919:
903:
881:
834:
279:
29:(UN) meetings and in which the UN writes all its official documents.
3717:
3705:
2442:
1336:
1292:
has four official languages: Arabic, English, French, and Spanish.
1181:
997:
907:
873:
445:
to include Arabic among its official languages, by 1 January 1983.
322:
1304:
which is exclusively English speaking and has 56 members, and the
604:
As of June 2018, the media branch of the United Nations, UN News (
4635:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
3302:
3253:, International Fund for Agricultural Development, archived from
3219:, International Fund for Agricultural Development, archived from
1295:
250:. The League of Nations selected English, French, and Spanish as
2445:
Article 36 of The 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia
2035:
2033:
1190:: 23 April ("the date traditionally observed as the birthday of
665:
that are either supra-regional or supercentral according to the
258:. English and French were chosen due to the global reach of the
3782:
3700:
3670:
3635:
2509:"Top Ten Internet Languages in the World - Internet Statistics"
2496:
The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society
2085:
2083:
1480:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights: translation into Chinese
1281:
1174:
as the fourth official language of the United Nations in 1973).
1133:
1103:
1005:
951:
927:
915:
911:
877:
649:
and therefore many of the proposed languages are spoken in the
393:
282:
as an additional language of the League but that was rejected.
81:
1057:
In September 2011, during a meeting with UN Secretary-General
802:, the Government of India has been "working actively" to have
564:
3680:
3010:"UN Celebrates Chinese Language Day with Art and Exhibitions"
2030:
1141:
1118:
1092:
1001:
992:
throughout eastern Africa and is especially prevalent in the
959:
807:
803:
791:
763:
751:
731:
716:
530:
499:
2535:"Bahasa Indonesia Ditargetkan Jadi Bahasa Resmi PBB di 2045"
2080:
1300:
The next largest international grouping after the UN is the
3293:
Multilingualism at the United Nations : Research Guide
3040:"English Language Day at the United Nations, 23 April 2011"
1289:
963:
767:
755:
2335:"Hindi at UN: India to take action to get official status"
864:
languages in the world. Indonesian is considered the 11th
659:
Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS)
495:
321:. These conferences were meant to coordinate and plan the
1641:
Rules of Procedure Concerning Languages, 1 February 1946.
1503:
Department for General Assembly and Conference Management
1395:
League of Nations – Languages and Symbols
3283:
2017 Report of the Secretary-General on Multilingualism
2648:"Turkish emerges as candidate for official UN language"
2595:
806:
recognized as an official language of the UN. In 2015,
333:, how to facilitate of global communication through an
1815:
Provisional Rules of Procedure of the Security Council
605:
498:) to begin including translations of its content into
16:
Six international languages used by the United Nations
2468:
Grammatical Borrowing in Cross-Linguistic Perspective
1834:
Rules of Procedure of the Economic and Social Council
4593:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
4543:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
2223:
1956:
Questions relating to information (5 December 2008).
1332:
1234:: first celebrated on 12 October (celebrated in the
766:. It is mutually intelligible to a high degree with
412:) that the five languages be equally authoritative.
136:
The six official languages spoken at the UN are the
2624:. Anadolu Agency. 23 September 2011. Archived from
2309:"Hindi. Varanasi. Norwegians. What's the sambandh?"
1499:"Spelling (United Nations Editorial Manual Online)"
1260:
as a unifying language for independence struggles.)
1037:), in addition to other major UN global offices in
4650:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
1075:
266:. Spanish was selected due to the large number of
4786:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
3066:"L'ONU célèbre la Journée de la langue française"
2918:
2916:
2914:
2893:"First-ever French language day celebrated at UN"
595:Translation Available + UN Language Day dedicated
559:
4872:
2695:Multilingualism: Report of the Secretary-General
635:
97:These languages are used at meetings of various
4760:World Federation of United Nations Associations
4255:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
3122:"Día del Idioma Español en las Naciones Unidas"
2895:. UN News Centre. 19 March 2010. Archived from
2650:. Sundays Zaman. 2 October 2011. Archived from
1671:"Russian to be included as UN working language"
1128:The current Coordinator for Multilingualism is
684:, with over 234 million native speakers, after
640:While there are no formal proposals before the
2911:
2887:
2885:
2788:(Press release). 17 December 2015. SG/A/1619.
1578:
1576:
1574:
1375:List of languages by number of native speakers
1308:Organisation internationale de la francophonie
1296:Parallels with other multilingual institutions
632:, but not on an official or consistent basis.
580:League of Nations Official + Working Languages
3318:
1668:
1380:List of languages by total number of speakers
973:announced that the then eight leaders of the
349:. Additionally, these conferences led to the
4655:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
2856:
1305:
105:(Article 51 of its Rules of Procedure), the
3213:Rules of Procedure of the Governing Council
2882:
2171:
1571:
1452:Careers, Human Rights (21 September 2019).
657:and rank as Level 0 (International) on the
353:as the successor of the League of Nations.
4748:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
4660:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities
3325:
3311:
2955:"UN Celebrates First Chinese Language Day"
2464:
2121:
2119:
1264:
1212:Community of Portuguese Language Countries
1147:
975:Community of Portuguese Language Countries
3247:Rules of Procedure of the Executive Board
2690:
2688:
2277:"Indiaspeak: English is our 2nd language"
2145:
1370:List of official languages by institution
1202:Journée internationale de la Francophonie
750:. It is one of the official languages of
360:, its constituent document signed at the
4886:Languages of international organizations
4177:Conference on International Organization
2952:
1288:has just one official language, French.
736:most spoken native language in the world
682:most spoken native language in the world
592:Translation of UN News Website Available
23:official languages of the United Nations
4092:Office international d'hygiène publique
2116:
1451:
1412:
4873:
3887:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General
2685:
2397:from the original on 29 September 2010
2345:from the original on 28 September 2010
392:plus French which was the language of
4906:Language policy in the United Nations
4801:UN television film series (1964–1966)
4553:International Narcotics Control Board
4484:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
4272:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
4243:Convention on the Rights of the Child
4221:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3306:
2961:from the original on 20 November 2010
2315:from the original on 21 December 2016
2159:from the original on 26 February 2019
1992:from the original on 27 February 2020
1533:from the original on 26 February 2019
1454:"What Are The Official UN Languages?"
1166:: 18 December (the date on which the
653:. Most of the proposed languages are
119:United Nations Interpretation Service
4625:United Nations Postal Administration
4260:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
3979:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
3072:from the original on 3 November 2012
2576:from the original on 21 October 2016
2423:from the original on 5 February 2020
2257:from the original on 6 December 2019
2018:from the original on 16 January 2014
1681:from the original on 30 January 2016
1596:from the original on 17 October 2013
1242:), now set on 23 April (in honor of
1214:(CPLP) established to represent the
1035:the United Nations Office at Nairobi
583:League of Nations Official Languages
471:in the Economic and Social Council.
4028:Permanent representatives to the UN
3917:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
2818:from the original on 2 October 2010
2721:from the original on 2 October 2010
2622:"Erdogan meets U.N. SG Ban Ki-moon"
2435:
2133:from the original on 21 August 2020
1975:Multilingualism (9 September 2009).
1871:"Plea to UN: 'More Spanish please'"
1246:, who died on the same day in 1616)
1238:as "Día de la Hispanidad"; compare
1210:: 5 May (the date in 2009 that the
351:establishment of the United Nations
285:In the 1940s, as the conclusion of
13:
4837:Withdrawal from the United Nations
4023:Security Council Permanent members
3332:
3046:from the original on 9 August 2011
2775:Multilingualism (6 December 1999).
2515:from the original on 26 April 2012
2471:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 301.
2458:
2289:from the original on 24 March 2015
2185:from the original on 7 August 2011
1669:Robert Reford (18 December 1968).
1559:from the original on 16 April 2024
1016:and is officially recognized as a
415:In 1946, the first session of the
254:with English and French being the
14:
4917:
4822:United Nations in popular culture
4506:Expulsion from the United Nations
4451:General Assembly President (2016)
3276:
3128:from the original on 31 July 2020
3098:. 11 October 2010. Archived from
2990:from the original on 27 July 2011
2870:from the original on 3 March 2011
2792:from the original on 21 July 2017
2747:from the original on 9 March 2013
2541:(in Indonesian). 22 November 2019
2371:from the original on 13 June 2010
2311:. The Siasat Daily. 5 July 2016.
2211:from the original on 3 April 2012
2205:"Bengali 'should be UN language'"
1909:from the original on 5 March 2016
1632:General Assembly Resolution 2 (I)
1427:"Union Nation Official Languages"
1390:International Mother Language Day
1200:: 20 March (corresponding to the
1154:International Mother Language Day
1095:, appointed on 6 September 2000.
1012:, is an official language of the
900:most spoken language in the world
4854:
2602:from the original on 8 June 2018
2341:. Chennai, India. 15 July 2007.
2248:
2101:from the original on 7 July 2022
1433:from the original on 18 May 2018
1349:
1335:
1123:Department of Public Information
1072:become an official UN language.
1010:Democratic Republic of the Congo
356:In 1945, this culminated in the
335:international auxiliary language
325:world, including how to promote
278:. There was an effort to select
221:
209:
197:
185:
173:
161:
149:
4410:International Court of Justice
3959:Sport for Development and Peace
3238:
3204:
3179:
3154:
3140:
3114:
3084:
3058:
3032:
3016:. 20 April 2011. Archived from
3002:
2973:
2946:
2830:
2804:
2778:
2759:
2733:
2707:
2666:
2640:
2614:
2588:
2562:
2553:
2527:
2501:
2409:
2383:
2357:
2327:
2301:
2269:
2242:
2197:
2063:
2051:from the original on 7 May 2020
2041:"World Portuguese Language Day"
2004:
1978:
1959:
1940:
1921:
1889:
1877:from the original on 7 May 2010
1863:
1846:
1827:
1808:
1788:
1768:
1749:
1730:
1713:
1693:
1662:
1644:
1385:Languages of the European Union
1323:lusophone grouping of countries
1168:United Nations General Assembly
1098:Following Riesco's retirement,
1087:The first such coordinator was
1076:Coordinator for Multilingualism
713:United Nations General Assembly
586:UN Official + Working Languages
417:United Nations General Assembly
4087:Permanent Court of Arbitration
4082:International Peace Conference
3449:International Court of Justice
2419:. Firstpost. 12 January 2015.
2091:"World Kiswahili Language Day"
1625:
1608:
1545:
1519:
1491:
1471:
1445:
1419:
560:Timeline of official languages
421:International Court of Justice
92:
25:are the six languages used in
1:
4881:History of the United Nations
4620:Sustainable Development Goals
4147:Declaration by United Nations
4072:International Telegraph Union
2953:Chen Wen (15 November 2010).
1084:throughout the Secretariat."
890:
866:most commonly spoken language
817:
636:Proposed additional languages
435:simplified Chinese characters
4548:International Criminal Court
3984:UN organizations by location
2239:for the top dozen languages.
1172:Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)
800:Ministry of External Affairs
706:Prime Minister of Bangladesh
7:
4682:Security Council veto power
3989:Sexual Violence in Conflict
3912:Economic and Social Affairs
3483:Economic and Social Council
1937:Multilingualism 8 June 2007
1897:"Letter dated 18 June 2001"
1328:
1109:In 2003, Secretary-General
778:and Urdu is written in the
525:. These languages included
453:Economic and Social Council
443:Economic and Social Council
115:simultaneous interpretation
107:Economic and Social Council
10:
4922:
4733:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea
4558:International Day of Peace
4040:General Assembly Observers
3363:General Assembly President
2928:United Nations Observances
1873:. BBC News. 21 June 2001.
1365:List of official languages
1224:: 6 June (the birthday of
1208:UN Portuguese Language Day
1151:
1068:expressed a desire to see
1052:
980:
672:
599:
515:UN Portuguese Language Day
244:international institutions
233:
127:United Nations Secretariat
4896:United Nations mass media
4850:
4773:
4464:
4386:
4289:
4277:World Heritage Convention
4186:
4165:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
4127:
4064:
4055:
4001:
3875:General Assembly Building
3848:
3731:
3503:
3402:
3384:
3375:
3340:
612:(referred to as Bangla),
4583:Military Staff Committee
3922:Dag Hammarskjöld Library
3425:Deputy Secretary-General
3354:Deputy Secretary-General
2982:
2981:"Liánhéguó zhōngwén rì"
2682:adopted 6 December 1999.
2074:14 February 2015 at the
1857:14 February 2015 at the
1775:Resolution 3191 (XXVIII)
1756:Resolution 3190 (XXVIII)
1737:Resolution 3189 (XXVIII)
852:that has been used as a
790:of the northern part of
726:
362:San Francisco Conference
295:multitude of conferences
4754:Woodrow Wilson Memorial
4716:UN International School
4711:UN Federal Credit Union
4692:Security Council reform
4528:Four Nations Initiative
4456:Security Council (2016)
4299:Security Council vetoes
3430:Under-Secretary-General
2771:20 October 2012 at the
2704:Doc. A/56/656, para. 4.
2235:. Asterisks mark the
1952:14 January 2014 at the
1928:Resolution A/RES/61/266
1724:March 30, 2012, at the
1700:Resolution 2479 (XXIII)
1302:Commonwealth of Nations
1265:UN specialised agencies
1250:UN Swahili Language Day
1232:UN Spanish Language Day
1222:UN Russian Language Day
1218:countries and culture))
1188:UN English Language Day
1178:UN Chinese Language Day
1148:Language Days at the UN
711:argued in front of the
554:UN Swahili Language Day
496:https://news.un.org/en/
268:first-language speakers
4704:Security Council mural
4670:Millennium Declaration
4615:SDG Publishers Compact
4077:Universal Postal Union
3191:Universal Postal Union
2700:2 October 2010 at the
2596:"Front | UN News"
1656:9 January 2015 at the
1637:9 January 2015 at the
1619:9 January 2015 at the
1306:
1286:Universal Postal Union
1236:Spanish-speaking world
1198:UN French Language Day
1164:UN Arabic Language Day
1063:Turkish Prime Minister
1024:East African Community
667:global language system
133:: English and French.
86:Modern Standard Arabic
4842:Women in peacekeeping
4501:Drug control treaties
2181:. SIL International.
1839:31 March 2012 at the
1325:for the same reason.
971:President of Portugal
948:São Tomé and Príncipe
850:Austronesian language
589:UN Official Languages
242:was one of the first
4796:United Nations Radio
4791:United Nations Medal
4743:University for Peace
4474:Bretton Woods system
4209:governed territories
3954:Developing Countries
3865:Secretariat Building
3734:Specialized agencies
3102:on 27 September 2012
2717:. 8 September 2000.
2393:. 10 December 2009.
2367:. 11 December 2009.
2232:Nationalencyklopedin
2129:. 14 December 2009.
1971:3 April 2015 at the
1933:15 July 2010 at the
1800:4 March 2016 at the
1780:13 July 2015 at the
1761:13 July 2015 at the
1742:13 July 2015 at the
1705:13 July 2015 at the
1651:Resolution 262 (III)
1458:Human Rights Careers
1413:Notes and references
1066:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
910:(original place) in
331:aftermath of the war
4568:International Years
4533:Genocide Convention
3969:Outer Space Affairs
3964:Disarmament Affairs
3929:Safety and Security
3870:Conference Building
3850:Secretariat offices
3495:Trusteeship Council
2678:4 June 2011 at the
2654:on 15 November 2014
2498:. UNSW Press, 2004.
1820:10 May 2012 at the
1589:. 1966. p. 4.
1553:"League of Nations"
1252:: 7 July (the date
1244:Miguel de Cervantes
1192:William Shakespeare
994:African Great Lakes
651:Southern Hemisphere
647:Northern Hemisphere
606:https://news.un.org
406:UN Security Council
101:, particularly the
4901:Official languages
4588:Official languages
4135:London Declaration
3944:Internal Oversight
3934:Palestinian Rights
3506:Funds, programmes,
3042:. United Nations.
3020:on 3 November 2012
2957:. Beijing Review.
2899:on 3 November 2012
2492:James Neil Sneddon
2282:The Times of India
2155:. United Nations.
1529:. United Nations.
810:'s Vice President
319:Potsdam Conference
303:Arcadia Conference
299:London Declaration
252:official languages
228:Languages Combined
4868:
4867:
4699:UN Art Collection
4675:Millennium Summit
4630:UN Block By Block
4610:Ralph Bunche Park
4578:UN laissez-passer
4538:UN Global Compact
4495:Delivering as One
4394:Secretary-General
4285:
4284:
4265:Indigenous Caucus
4159:Tehran Conference
4153:Moscow Conference
4128:Preparatory years
4097:League of Nations
3997:
3996:
3897:Palace of Nations
3599:UNEP/GRID-Arendal
3415:Secretary-General
3358:Amina J. Mohammed
3345:Secretary-General
2934:on 2 October 2011
2924:"Multilingualism"
2743:. 31 March 2003.
2478:978-3-11-019919-2
2285:. 14 March 2010.
1986:"Multilingualism"
1966:Resolution 63/306
1947:Resolution 63/100
1795:Resolution 35/219
1527:"Multilingualism"
1226:Alexander Pushkin
1130:Catherine Pollard
944:Equatorial Guinea
831:national language
776:Devanagari script
704:. In April 2009,
477:Secretary General
469:working languages
402:Permanent Members
390:Republic of China
358:Charter of the UN
311:Tehran Conference
289:was nearing, the
256:working languages
240:League of Nations
131:working languages
4913:
4861:World portal
4859:
4858:
4765:Biopiracy treaty
4351:Nagorno-Karabakh
4321:Security Council
4304:General Assembly
4231:Human Rights Day
4171:Yalta Conference
4141:Atlantic Charter
4062:
4061:
4018:Founding members
3939:Peace Operations
3823:World Bank Group
3517:Culture of Peace
3508:and other bodies
3461:Security Council
3437:General Assembly
3403:Principal organs
3382:
3381:
3349:António Guterres
3327:
3320:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3252:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3218:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2930:. Archived from
2920:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2889:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2782:
2776:
2766:Resolution 54/64
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2711:
2705:
2692:
2683:
2673:Resolution 54/64
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2628:on 28 March 2012
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2449:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2246:
2240:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2123:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2087:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1982:
1976:
1963:
1957:
1944:
1938:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1902:. 18 June 2001.
1901:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1867:
1861:
1850:
1844:
1831:
1825:
1812:
1806:
1792:
1786:
1772:
1766:
1753:
1747:
1734:
1728:
1717:
1711:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1666:
1660:
1648:
1642:
1629:
1623:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1423:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1311:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1258:Swahili Language
780:Nastaʿlīq script
642:General Assembly
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
372:, including the
315:Yalta Conference
307:Cairo Conference
297:, including the
225:
213:
201:
189:
177:
165:
153:
111:Security Council
103:General Assembly
35:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4853:
4846:
4769:
4460:
4382:
4281:
4182:
4123:
4065:Preceding years
4051:
4004:
3993:
3852:and departments
3851:
3844:
3736:
3727:
3510:
3507:
3499:
3398:
3371:
3336:
3331:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3167:, Paris: UNESCO
3159:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2922:
2921:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2844:on 9 March 2013
2836:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2773:Wayback Machine
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2702:Wayback Machine
2693:
2686:
2680:Wayback Machine
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2533:
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2528:
2518:
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2507:
2506:
2502:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2463:
2459:
2441:
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2424:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2363:
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2358:
2348:
2346:
2333:
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2328:
2318:
2316:
2307:
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2302:
2292:
2290:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2247:
2243:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2104:
2102:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2076:Wayback Machine
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1973:Wayback Machine
1964:
1960:
1954:Wayback Machine
1945:
1941:
1935:Wayback Machine
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1859:Wayback Machine
1851:
1847:
1843:rules 32 to 35.
1841:Wayback Machine
1832:
1828:
1824:Rules 41 to 47.
1822:Wayback Machine
1813:
1809:
1802:Wayback Machine
1793:
1789:
1782:Wayback Machine
1773:
1769:
1763:Wayback Machine
1754:
1750:
1744:Wayback Machine
1735:
1731:
1726:Wayback Machine
1718:
1714:
1707:Wayback Machine
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1667:
1663:
1658:Wayback Machine
1649:
1645:
1639:Wayback Machine
1630:
1626:
1621:Wayback Machine
1613:
1609:
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1597:
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1586:
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1581:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1536:
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1525:
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1520:
1507:
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1497:
1496:
1492:
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1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1401:The Interpreter
1357:Politics portal
1355:
1348:
1343:Language portal
1341:
1334:
1331:
1319:Standard Arabic
1298:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1156:
1150:
1136:. She replaces
1089:Federico Riesco
1082:multilingualism
1078:
1055:
983:
893:
858:populous nation
820:
729:
675:
661:and tend to be
655:world languages
638:
602:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
577:
575:
562:
398:French colonies
274:and the former
236:
229:
226:
217:
214:
205:
202:
193:
190:
181:
178:
169:
166:
157:
154:
142:second language
95:
56:Oxford spelling
52:British English
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4919:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4891:United Nations
4888:
4883:
4866:
4865:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4811:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4713:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4371:Western Sahara
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4045:European Union
4037:
4036:
4035:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3882:Envoy on Youth
3879:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3856:
3854:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3367:Dennis Francis
3360:
3351:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3334:United Nations
3330:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3278:
3277:External links
3275:
3272:
3271:
3260:on 1 July 2010
3237:
3226:on 1 July 2010
3203:
3178:
3153:
3139:
3113:
3083:
3057:
3031:
3014:UN News Centre
3001:
2972:
2945:
2910:
2881:
2855:
2829:
2803:
2777:
2758:
2732:
2706:
2684:
2665:
2639:
2613:
2587:
2561:
2552:
2526:
2500:
2484:
2477:
2457:
2434:
2408:
2382:
2365:"Hindi in UNO"
2356:
2326:
2300:
2268:
2241:
2237:2010 estimates
2222:
2196:
2170:
2144:
2115:
2079:
2062:
2029:
2003:
1977:
1958:
1939:
1920:
1888:
1862:
1845:
1826:
1807:
1787:
1767:
1748:
1729:
1712:
1692:
1675:Ottawa Citizen
1661:
1643:
1624:
1607:
1570:
1544:
1518:
1490:
1470:
1444:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1346:
1330:
1327:
1297:
1294:
1269:agencies": -->
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1254:Julius Nyerere
1247:
1229:
1219:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1149:
1146:
1115:Shashi Tharoor
1077:
1074:
1054:
1051:
982:
979:
892:
889:
819:
816:
812:Parmananda Jha
734:is the fourth
728:
725:
674:
671:
663:lingua francas
637:
634:
601:
598:
563:
561:
558:
552:In July 2022,
467:were added as
378:British Empire
370:Allied nations
366:United Nations
339:decolonization
276:Spanish Empire
260:British Empire
235:
232:
231:
230:
227:
220:
218:
215:
208:
206:
203:
196:
194:
191:
184:
182:
179:
172:
170:
167:
160:
158:
155:
148:
129:uses only two
94:
91:
90:
89:
75:
74:
69:
64:
59:
45:
27:United Nations
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4918:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4645:Treaty Series
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
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4454:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4005:and observers
4000:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3949:Legal Affairs
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
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3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
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3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
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3591:
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3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
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3560:
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3550:
3548:
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3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3502:
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3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
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3469:
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3464:
3463:
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3459:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
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3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3256:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3222:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3166:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3143:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3005:
2989:
2985:
2976:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2669:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2556:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2438:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2113:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1659:
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1628:
1622:
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1585:
1579:
1577:
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1532:
1528:
1522:
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4728:UN Mandate
4187:Activities
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2095:unesco.org
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