Supermajority - Knowledge

748:, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison were critical of supermajority requirements. In Federalist 22, Hamilton wrote that while preventing harmful legislation from being passed, such requirements also prevented beneficial legislation from being passed, and "its real operation is to embarrass the administration, to destroy the energy of government, and to substitute the pleasure, caprice or artifices of an insignificant, turbulent or corrupt junto, to the regular deliberations and decisions of a respectable majority." Hamilton also wrote that such a requirement would encourage "contemptible compromises of the public good". In Federalist 58, Madison wrote that supermajority requirements might help impede the passage of "hasty and partial measures", but "n all cases where justice or the general good might require new laws to be passed, or active measures to be pursued, the fundamental principle of free government would be reversed. It would be no longer the majority that would rule; the power would be transferred to the minority." Madison also wrote that such requirements would encourage 885: 602: 4205: 1519:. Since the Additional Articles ratified on June 7, 2005, the National Assembly was abolished. Amendments of the constitution need to be proposed by more than one-quarter of members of the Legislative Yuan, passed by three-quarters of those present in the meeting, the presence of which must surpass three-quarters of all members of Legislative Yuan, then followed by approval by more than half (50%) of all eligible voters in 1871:

recess when a president is disabled, 21 days after Congress reconvenes), Congress must vote by two-thirds supermajorities to continue the disability declaration; otherwise, such declaration expires after the 21 days and the president would at that time "resume" discharging all the powers and duties of the office. As of September 2024, Section 4 has never been invoked.

1810:, which cannot be overridden. Permanent members who do not support a measure but are unwilling to be seen to block it against the wishes of the majority of the council, tend to abstain; abstentions by veto powers are generally seen by close observers of the UN as the equivalent of not vetoing votes against and have the same impact on the decision of the Security Council. 1305:, or by a majority vote of all its Members, submit to the electorate the question of calling such a convention." A three-quarters vote of all the members of the Congress is required to propose an amendment to the Constitution; the proposed amendment is submitted to the people for ratification (by a majority of the votes cast) in a 978:": a majority of those voting nationwide, as well as separate majorities in a majority of states (i.e., 4 out of 6 states). Furthermore, in circumstances where a specific state is affected by a referendum, a majority of voters in that state must also agree to the change—referred to as a "triple majority". 1870:

gives Congress a role to play in the event of a presidential disability. If the vice president and a majority of the president's cabinet declare that the president is unable to serve in that role, the vice president becomes acting president. Within 21 days of such a declaration (or, if Congress is in

1975:

says, "A deliberative body cannot by its own act or rule require a two-thirds vote to take any action where the constitution or controlling authority requires only a majority vote. To require a two-thirds vote, for example, to take any action would be to give to any number more than one-third of the

1604:

could be dissolved and an election held before the expiry of its 5-year term by a vote of two-thirds of the membership of the House of Commons. The Act also provided that Parliament could alternatively be dissolved if the House of Commons passed a motion of no-confidence in the government and no new

1325:

Different amendment procedures apply to different parts of the Constitution. Most of the Articles of the Constitution may be amended by a bill enacted by Parliament if there is at least a supermajority of two-thirds of all elected MPs voting in favour of the bill during its Second and Third Readings

1559:

According to Article 156 of the Constitution of Ukraine, amendments to Chapter I — "General Principles," Chapter III — "Elections. Referendum", and Chapter XIII — "Introducing Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine" must be passed by a two-thirds majority of the constitutional composition of the

2523:

No alteration diminishing the proportionate representation of any State in either House of the Parliament, or the minimum number of representatives of a State in the House of Representatives, or increasing, diminishing, or otherwise altering the limits of the State, or in any manner affecting the

1936:

is 67 out of 100 senators, while a two-thirds supermajority in the House is 290 out of 435 representatives. However, since many votes take place without every seat in the House filled and representatives participating, it does not often require 67 senators or 290 representatives to achieve this

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The two-thirds requirement can be qualified to include the entire membership of a body instead of only those present and voting, but such a requirement must be explicitly stated (such as "two-thirds of those members duly elected and sworn"). In this case, abstentions and absences count as votes

1622:

meant that theoretically the Act could be circumvented by a government with a majority that wanted to bypass the requirement for a two-thirds vote by passing an act that stated, "Notwithstanding the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, a general election will be called on DATE". This was precisely

2564:

Til vedtagelse af lovforslag herom kræves et flertal på fem sjettedele af Folketingets medlemmer. Opnås et sådant flertal ikke, men dog det til vedtagelse af almindelige lovforslag nødvendige flertal, og opretholder regeringen forslaget, forelægges det folketingsvælgerne til godkendelse eller

1979:

Many state constitutions allow or require amendments to their own constitutions to be proposed by supermajorities of the state legislature; these amendments must usually be approved by the voters at one or more subsequent elections. Michigan, for instance, allows the Legislature to propose an

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to alter the Constitution, enact legislation in a few areas, or remove office holders from some positions, such as Speaker. Legislative override or impeachment of the executive at either the state or federal government level also requires a two-thirds majority of the corresponding legislative

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called by Congress on application of two-thirds (currently 34) of the states. Once proposed, the amendment must be ratified by three-quarters (currently 38) of the states (either through the state legislatures, or ratification conventions, whichever "mode of ratification" Congress selects).

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in order to prevent the ruling party from passing laws without the support of opposition parties. However, if a bill does not achieve the required three-fifths majority at one session without also being rejected, it must then be voted on at the next session even if less than three-fifths of

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As a compromise between the rights of the individual and the rights of the assembly, the principle has been established that a two-thirds vote is required to adopt any motion that: (a) suspends or modifies a rule of order previously adopted; (b) prevents the introduction of a question for

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in the event that a majority of the Cabinet certifies that the president is "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office" but the president declares that no such inability exists. A two-thirds vote of either chamber is required to suspend or expel a member from that chamber.

1552:, amendments to the constitution, except for Chapter I — "General Principles," Chapter III — "Elections. Referendum", and Chapter XIII — "Introducing Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine", must be previously approved by a simple majority of the constitutional composition of the 1694:

provide that certain provisions of those Acts relating to the functions of and elections to the respective Scottish and Welsh devolved legislatures are protected from amendment by those legislatures, unless a two-thirds supermajority of the total number of members votes in favour.

1228:'s term length), section 35 of the Electoral Act (regarding the drawing of electoral boundaries), and section 74 of the Electoral Act (designating 18 as the minimum voting age). For a 'reserved provision' to be amended or repealed, a three-quarters majority is required in the 1751:

are required to pass a resolution with a two-thirds supermajority vote in order to change their 'electoral scheme,' i.e. what proportion of councillors is elected at each ordinary election, with permitted proportions being one-third, one-half or all councillors.

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In Canada, most constitutional amendments can be passed only if identical resolutions are adopted by the House of Commons, the Senate and two-thirds or more of the provincial legislative assemblies representing at least 50 percent of the national population.

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between ordinary elections. However, the acts governing the operation of those legislatures all allow for an early election to take place if a motion to that effect is approved by two-thirds of the total number of members of the legislature in question.

1150:, subject to at least by a majority of the total membership of each House of Parliament, to amend the constitution. In addition, in matters affecting the states and judiciary, at least above half of all the states need to ratify the amendment. 787:

For example, if an organization has 150 members and at a meeting 30 members are present with 25 votes cast, a "two-thirds vote" would be 17. ("Two-thirds of those present" would be 20, and "two-thirds of the entire membership" would be 100.)

768:. Instead of the basis of a majority, a supermajority can be specified using any fraction or percentage which is greater than one-half. Common supermajorities include three-fifths (60%), two-thirds (66.666...%), and three-quarters (75%). 1316:

official from office. Impeachment by the House, which is the required first step in the removal process, only requires one-third of Representatives to sign a petition (specifically a verified complaint or resolution of impeachment).

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Nevertheless, when a new Constitution is proposed or the proposal's goal is to reform the Preliminary Title, the Chapter on Fundamental Rights and Freedoms or the Title on the Crown, the supermajority becomes significantly harder:

1333:(PAP) has commanded a majority of more than two-thirds of the seats in Parliament since 1968. Thus, the more stringent amendment requirement has not imposed any major limitation on Parliament's ability to amend the Constitution. 1390:

According to Article 130 of the Constitution of South Korea, amendments to the constitution must be passed by a two-thirds majority of legislators and then approved by voters at a referendum in order to become effective.

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by a minority of members. In current practice, the mere threat of a filibuster prevents passing almost any measure that has less than three-fifths agreement in the Senate, 60 of the 100 senators if every seat is filled.

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a federal official (such as, but not limited to, the president, vice president, or a federal judge). Removal from office requires a two-thirds supermajority of the Senate. In 1842, the House failed to impeach president

1642:

expressed a desire to repeal the Fixed-term Parliaments Act and restore the traditional, centuries-old system under which elections could be held at any time, subject to the 5-year maximum term limit established by the

1976:

members the power to defeat the action and amount to a delegation of the powers of the body to a minority." Some states require a supermajority for passage of a constitutional amendment or statutory initiative.

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against the proposal. Alternatively, the voting requirement could be specified as "two-thirds of those present", which has the effect of counting abstentions but not absences as votes against the proposal.

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can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and encourage corrupt compromises at times when action is taken. Changes to

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A two-thirds vote, when unqualified, means two-thirds or more of the votes cast. This voting basis is equivalent to the number of votes in favor being at least twice the number of votes against.

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consideration; (c) closes, limits, or extends the limits of debate; (d) closes nominations or the polls, or otherwise limits the freedom of nominating or voting; or (e) takes away membership.

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Section 128 of the Constitution says a referendum is passed if it is approved by a majority of voters across the nation and a majority of voters in a majority of states — a double majority.

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reported in 2010 that fifteen states required a supermajority vote (either a three-fifths, two-thirds or three-quarters majority vote in both chambers) to pass some or all tax increases.

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A two-thirds supermajority vote is required in the Scottish Parliament in order to amend or dissolve the Royal Charter on self-regulation of the press, insofar as it applies in Scotland.

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The Statute of Autonomy of the Canary Islands states that its economic and fiscal regime and electoral law need a two-thirds majority of the Parliament to be modified. On its behalf, the

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While an act of parliament can be amended with a simple majority, it was possible to insert a clause in the Royal Charter requiring any changes to be approved by a two-thirds majority.

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While an act of parliament can be amended with a simple majority, it was possible to insert a clause in the Royal Charter requiring any changes to be approved by a two-thirds majority.

3578:"A Super Bad Idea: Requiring a Two-thirds Legislative Supermajority to Raise Taxes Protects Special Interest Tax Breaks and Gives Budget Veto Power to a Small Minority of Legislators" 1838: 1783:

in order to achieve passage. Specifying the fixed membership has the effect of making abstentions count as votes against—absences are not normal but would be treated the same way.

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requires a supermajority of the fixed membership on substantive matters (procedural matters require a simple majority of those present and voting). According to Article 27 of the

1512: 1180:. In the first three rounds of voting, a candidate must get two-thirds of the votes to win, but from the fourth round onwards only an absolute majority is needed. Reforms to the 1556:

and then passed by a two-thirds majority of the constitutional composition of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine at the succeeding regular session of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

2730: 856:, was somewhat criticized as overriding the traditional practice of requiring a two-thirds supermajority, as practiced in all former Yugoslav countries before (including the 3989: 994:

must expressly state in its short title its purpose is to amend a provision of the constitution. Constitutional amendments require a two-thirds majority in the unicameral

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Another type of supermajority is three-fifths (60 percent). This requirement could also be qualified to include the entire membership or to include those present.

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for a second time and subsequently acquitted. Each chamber may expel one of its own members by a two-thirds supermajority vote; this last happened when the House

2577: 1899:

fell just short of a simple majority, and 17 votes short of the two-thirds supermajority. The impeachment procedure was last used in 2021, when former president

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are required to pass a resolution with a two-thirds supermajority vote in order to change the system by which they are elected, with the permitted choices being

4115: 1918: 3832: 3329:"Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 (2007 c. 28), part 2 chapter 1: Power of district councils in England to change electoral scheme" 3269: 3021: 1105: 1077:

July 2013, at least 260 votes out of a total of 352 by at least 15 member states were required for legislation to be adopted by qualified majority. From 1

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needs a three-fifths majority to be appointed. Also, if a two-thirds majority votes against a law project, it must be proposed to the following session.

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provisions of the Constitution in relation thereto, shall become law unless the majority of the electors voting in that State approve the proposed law.

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in Parliament. This is in contrast to ordinary bills, which only need to be approved by at least a simple majority of all the MPs present and voting.

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amendment to the Michigan Constitution; it must then be ratified by the voters at the next general election (unless a special election is called).

1120:, when a new legislative proposal would in some way add, alter or remove a part of the Finnish constitution, a bill requires a 2/3 majority in the 852:

proposed independence if a 55% supermajority of votes are cast in favor with a minimum turnout of 50%. Such procedure, ultimately accepted by the

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requires a two-thirds majority of its judges to issue rulings nullifying laws, removing impeached officials or dissolving a political party.

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need a three fifths majority (360 votes) to be put forward to a referendum and a two-thirds majority (400 votes) to be ratified directly.

2888: 2863: 2759: 2443:"Colorado Imposition of Distribution and Supermajority Requirements for Citizen-Initiated Constitutional Amendments, Amendment 71 (2016)" 2086: 1270: 1049: 4129: 1971: 1807: 1780: 871:

was amended to require a 55% majority to pass new constitutional amendments by popular vote. It had previously been a simple majority.

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is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple

630: 2939: 2913: 3895: 3857: 3804: 3784: 3562: 2011: 1908: 1067: 857: 1062:

for the majority of issues brought before the institution. However, for matters of extreme importance for individual member states,

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The protected provisions regarding Wales are the same as those in Scotland; in addition, there are two Wales-specific provisions:

3953: 1302: 1987:'s veto of legislation. In most states, a two-thirds supermajority of both chambers is required. However, in some states (e.g., 3978: 3928: 3769: 3581: 3370: 3338: 3306: 3216: 3185: 3151: 3120: 3089: 3058: 2021: 1601: 1578: 1139: 4158: 3749: 3729: 3714: 3679: 2557: 2302: 2254: 2125: 1516: 1019:

states that if the government or parliament wants to cede parts of national sovereignty to an international body such as the

3432: 2726: 3613: 1628: 1613: 1609: 1229: 4136: 2500: 1379: 738: 726: 17: 3558: 1999:), only a three-fifths supermajority is required, while in Kentucky and West Virginia only a normal majority is needed. 1779:, at least nine of the Security Council's 15 members (i.e., a three-fifths supermajority) must vote in favor of a draft 1468:

are also appointed by both Congress of Deputies and Senate of Spain, and each appointment needs a three-fifths majority.

3966: 3709: 2007: 1929:". However, both the House and Senate may jointly override this restriction with a two-thirds supermajority vote each. 1904: 1608:

The two-thirds supermajority provision for an early dissolution and election was triggered only once, resulting in the

722: 3974: 2585: 4165: 3962: 2620: 1966: 1824: 1290: 925: 498: 3885: 2360: 2318: 4080: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3672: 3297:"Local Government and Elections (Wales) Act 2021 (2021 asc. 1): Voting systems for elections to principal councils" 1574: 1458: 1412:

is needed to pass a constitutional reform, but if a two-thirds majority is reached in the Congress of Deputies, an

710: 104: 31: 3865: 1475:, the public radio and television broadcaster, must be elected by two-thirds majority of the Congress of Deputies. 1461:

are appointed by the Congress of Deputies and Senate of Spain, and each appointment needs a three-fifths majority.

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From Cotton Belt to Sunbelt: Federal Policy, Economic Development, and the Transformation of the South, 1938–1980

1830: 1772: 1597: 1485: 1347: 1262: 3525:. Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States. Oxford University Press. pp. 119–21. 1927:

shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof

1846: 1313: 1070:, whereby a member state can have its rights suspended with the unanimous approval of all other member states. 718: 623: 493: 271: 119: 4024: 2803: 3870: 2645: 2403:"Florida Amendment 3, Supermajority Vote Required to Approve a Constitutional Amendment (2006) - Ballotpedia" 1888: 1465: 1055: 508: 4172: 3536: 2742: 2670: 1691: 1493: 1108:

the EP is required to act by an absolute majority if it is to either amend or reject proposed legislation.

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to the Constitution may be proposed in one of two ways: a two-thirds supermajority votes of each body of

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Supermajority requirements for tax increases have been criticized as "deeply flawed" by a report by the

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that may alter the rights of a minority have a supermajority requirement, such as a two-thirds vote. In

4099: 3943: 3875: 3827: 2292: 1738: 987: 943: 94: 65: 1948:, or of a rule change) requires an absolute supermajority of three-fifths to move to a vote through a 1605:

government were to win a motion of confidence within two weeks of the original vote of no-confidence.

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to avoid the possibility of being sent to popular vote in order to be confirmed through a referendum.

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veto over any presidential nominee after the Civil War, which lasted until the rule was abolished in

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Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and then approved by voters at a referendum in order to become effective.

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Under the 1987 Constitution, "The Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of all its Members, call a

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requires that any action that may alter the rights of a minority have a supermajority requirement.

868: 853: 336: 226: 2249:(Fifth Revised ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 561–563. 4090: 4057: 3913: 3695: 2212: 2198: 2003: 1635: 1619: 1549: 1245: 1125: 1016: 938: 861: 800: 669: 266: 3510:. Reference Guides to the State Constitutions of the United States, No. 41. Praeger. p. 75. 3328: 2829:"Controversial South Korean 'anti-leaflet' bill delayed after filibuster attempt | NK News" 1289:. A two-thirds vote of both chambers of Congress voting separately is required to designate the 1159: 4242: 4232: 3958: 3923: 2940:"The Congress passes that the president RTVE will be appointed by consensus again (in Spanish)" 2743:

Impeachment in the Philippines: Joseph Estrada faces a tough fight to hold on to his presidency

2540: 2169: 2112:"Prelude: Acclamation and Aggregation in the Ancient World - The Origin of Supermajority Rules" 1834: 1776: 1225: 503: 445: 391: 2244: 4142: 3812: 3719: 2071: 1922: 1370:, impeachment of the President requires a two-third majority of legislators to be effective. 1221: 1201: 1143: 1129: 1121: 803:

was amended to require a 60% majority to pass new constitutional amendments by popular vote.

703: 673: 323: 156: 2161: 1921:(section 3) bars a person from federal or state office if, after having previously taken an 4047: 4009: 3880: 2417:"Konwencja PO. Budka proponuje Koalicję 276. "Tyle głosów potrzebnych do przejęcia władzy"" 2107: 1933: 1748: 1722:

The number of individuals permitted to be appointed Welsh Minister or Deputy Welsh Minister

1405: 849: 822: 714: 433: 304: 294: 279: 206: 124: 2501:"COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA CONSTITUTION ACT - SECT 128. Mode of altering the Constitution" 2024:

because such requirements empower a minority of legislators, making it difficult to close

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sets out a number of 'reserved provisions'. These provisions include section 17(1) of the

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requires a supermajority of two-thirds of members present and voting in each house of the

8: 4191: 3744: 3599: 3175: 2010:) is requirement of a supermajority vote in the state legislature to increase taxes. The 1679: 1671: 1644: 1489: 1346:

A three-fifths majority of legislators is required for a bill to be put to a vote in the

1185: 1147: 1101: 830: 677: 545: 455: 309: 211: 161: 99: 3489:"Wrapup of Veto Overrides in States with Veto-Proof Legislatures and Divided Government" 3360: 3141: 1124:. In other words, a legislative proposal that would modify, add or remove a part of the 4227: 4151: 4004: 3636: 3365: 3333: 3301: 3211: 3206: 3180: 3146: 3115: 3084: 3053: 3048: 1445:

The first way has been used twice (1992 and 2011), but the second has never been used.

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A supermajority of two-thirds must be reached in both Congress of Deputies and Senate.

4237: 4204: 4042: 4032: 3837: 3822: 3794: 2578:"Intergovernmental decision-making procedures - EU fact sheets - European Parliament" 2553: 2298: 2250: 2162: 2121: 1687: 1655: 1639: 1590: 1430:

The new elected chambers must approve the proposal by a new two-thirds supermajority.

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A two-thirds majority of the Senate is required to ratify treaties, and to remove an

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International IDEA Constitution-Building Primer 14: Presidential Veto Powers Primer

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had occurred due to the natural expiry of the 5-year term of the House of Commons.

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vetoes a bill, the veto can be overridden by a two-thirds majority of legislators.

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Passion and Preferences: William Jennings Bryan and the 1896 Democratic Convention

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At least 313.6 million people represented by the states that vote in favour.

975: 761: 606: 588: 413: 398: 1285:. A two-thirds majority of both chambers is required to override a presidential 1100:

Requirements to reach an absolute majority is a common feature of voting in the

4037: 3903: 3817: 2029: 1996: 1945: 1941: 1884: 1799: 1631:, the final election held whilst the Fixed-term Parliaments Act was in effect. 1582: 1189: 1117: 1024: 1020: 995: 991: 699: 484: 403: 357: 299: 4221: 3948: 2018: 1911: 1853: 1803: 1278: 1205: 1173: 408: 386: 361: 191: 1654:, thereby removing any supermajority requirement and restoring the previous 1063: 765: 1900: 1892: 1675: 1658:

power to dissolve the House of Commons at any time during its 5-year term.

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At least 15 (or 18, if proposal was not made by the commission) countries,

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requires a seven-eighths majority of participating states to be amended.

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A treaty must be ratified by a two-thirds supermajority of the Senate to

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requires at least the approval of 134 out of 200 representatives in the

860:). The requirement for 50% turnout has also been criticized for causing 601: 4185: 2037: 1953: 1880: 1438: 1306: 1233: 1184:

need to achieve a supermajority of two-thirds of the votes both in the

1032: 777: 565: 555: 550: 289: 151: 3724: 2914:"Title IX of the Constitution: The Constitutional Court (in Spanish)" 2081: 2025: 1500: 1028: 846: 749: 652: 450: 348: 231: 186: 166: 3591: 2213:"Founders Online: The Federalist No. 58, [20 February 1788]" 2199:"Founders Online: The Federalist No. 22, [14 December 1787]" 3789: 3642: 3242: 2994: 2089:—described the "qualified majority voting" requirement in that body 1992: 1988: 1952:

motion, which closes debate on a bill or nomination, thus ending a

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requires supermajorities for certain significant actions to occur.

1434: 648: 573: 533: 216: 201: 181: 50: 30:"Two-thirds rule" redirects here. For the railway safety rule, see 3270:"Press regulation: Judge for yourself - the Royal Charter in full" 3022:"Press regulation: Judge for yourself - the Royal Charter in full" 2565:

forkastelse efter de for folkeafstemninger i §42 fastsatte regler.

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The 1978 Constitution states that a three-fifths majority in both

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is elected by an electoral college consisting of both chambers of

688:

The first known use of a supermajority rule was in the 100s BC in

4065: 3842: 3779: 2864:"Title X of the Constitution: Constitutional Reform (in Spanish)" 2552:(13 ed.). Folketingets Kommunikationsenhed. pp. 27–28. 2036:

spending as a trade-off to ensure passage of a tax increase (see

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According to Article 113 of the Constitution of South Korea, the

488: 146: 1883:. In 1868, the Senate fell one vote short of removing president 1513:

Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China

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Counting the Many: The Origins and Limits of Supermajority Rule

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Ultimately, the Fixed-term Parliaments Act was repealed by the

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International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance

1786:

This is useful for the five permanent members of the council (

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in 2005, the constitution amendments need to be passed by the

1031:(150 out of 179 seats). If there is only a simple majority, a 713:

of the United States, a rule requiring the determination of a

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The system of election for members of the Scottish Parliament

894:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

4005:

Rescind, repeal, annul or amend something previously adopted

1806:) because a vote against from any one of them constitutes a 1577:

is the need for a two-thirds supermajority vote in both the

1573:

A rare example of a supermajority requirement affecting the

780:

and absences are excluded in calculating a two-thirds vote.

2297:(11th ed.). Philadelphia: Da Capo Press. p. 401. 1492:, working like a local constitution that is subject to the 1472: 1286: 826: 811: 3418:

National Conference of State Legislatures (2000).

2889:"Title VI of the Constitution: The Judiciary (in Spanish)" 1845:

Congress may pass bills by simple majority votes. If the

2966:"Statute of Autonomy of the Canary Islands (in Spanish)" 2760:

Philippine Congress Impeaches President on Graft Charges

1868:

Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

825:) requires a three-fifths majority of MPs to overturn a 2850:"Refworld | Constitution of the Republic of Korea" 2246:

International Institutional Law: Unity Within Diversity

1856:

the veto by a two-thirds supermajority of both houses.

1453:

The Spanish Constitution states other supermajorities:

1647:. Such a repeal would only require a simple majority. 956: 3971:

Request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion

2534: 2532: 2120:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 44. 1983:

In most states, the state legislature may override a

717:

required the votes of two-thirds of delegates to the

3361:"Greater London Authority Act 1999: Section 42B" 2361:"Frequently Asked Questions about RONR (Question 6)" 2319:"Frequently Asked Questions about RONR (Question 5)" 1204:

require a two-thirds majority in both houses of the

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Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure

3939:

Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls

2538: 1711:

The number of members returned by each constituency

3508:The Maryland State Constitution: A Reference Guide 2529: 1759:may, by a two-thirds supermajority vote, veto the 1698:Regarding Scotland, the protected provisions are: 2787: 2671:"Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria" 874: 680:the supermajority rule is applied in most cases. 4219: 3400:. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service 3176:"Government of Wales Act 2006: Section 111A" 2367:. The Robert's Rules Association. Archived from 2325:. The Robert's Rules Association. Archived from 2242: 2225:See dictionary definition of "supermajority" at 1708:The number of Scottish Parliament constituencies 1265:, a two-thirds majority of both chambers of the 843:Montenegrin independence referendum held in 2006 764:, or more than half the votes cast, is a common 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2608:Treaty on the functioning of the European Union 2243:Schermers, Henry G.; Blokker, Niels M. (2011). 1081:July 2013, the pass condition translated into: 1940:Apart from these constitutional requirements, 1652:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022 1543: 1027:, it has to get a five-sixths majority in the 791: 664:, commonly require supermajority support in a 3680: 3607: 3373:, November 11, 1999, 1999 c. 29 (s. 42B) 3154:, November 19, 1998, 1998 c. 46 (s. 31A) 3111:"Government of Wales Act 2006: Section 5" 2365:The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site 2323:The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site 1702:Who may vote at Scottish Parliament elections 1634:During the 2019 election, both the governing 1587:Royal Charter on self-regulation of the press 1088:At least 260 of the total 352 voting weights, 892:The examples and perspective in this section 698:introduced the use of supermajority rule for 624: 4108:The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure 3919:Objection to the consideration of a question 3495:. National Conference of State Legislatures. 3219:, November 19, 1998, 1998 c. 46 (s. 31) 3061:, November 19, 1998, 1998 c. 47 (s. 32) 2835: 2804:"The Tyranny of the Minority in South Korea" 2147: 2106: 1416:of senators is enough to pass the proposal. 1385: 3694: 3439:. National Conference of State Legislatures 3170: 3168: 3092:, November 19, 1998, 1998 c. 46 (s. 3) 3049:"Northern Ireland Act 1998: Section 32" 2100: 2087:Voting in the Council of the European Union 2043: 1050:Voting in the Council of the European Union 4180:Beauchesne's Parliamentary Rules and Forms 3687: 3673: 3614: 3600: 3188:, July 25, 2006, 2006 c. 32 (s. 111A) 2546:Min grundlov - Grundloven med forklaringer 1874:The House may, by a simple majority vote, 910:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 631: 617: 3785:Voting methods in deliberative assemblies 3563:National Conference of State Legislatures 3238:"Press regulation: What you need to know" 2990:"Press regulation: What you need to know" 2012:National Conference of State Legislatures 1479: 1448: 1248:a two-thirds majority is required in the 1068:Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union 926:Learn how and when to remove this message 755: 3556: 3505: 3390: 3165: 2769: 2506:Australasian Legal Information Institute 2182: 1399: 27:Voting requirement above 50% for passage 4130:Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure 3575: 3559:"State Tax and Expenditure Limits—2010" 3486: 3420:Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure 3267: 3123:, July 25, 2006, 2006 c. 32 (s. 5) 3019: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 1967:state legislatures in the United States 1661: 1208:and a simple majority in a referendum. 14: 4220: 3929:Consideration by paragraph or seriatim 3582:Center on Budget and Policy Priorities 3520: 2389: 2347: 2290:Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011). 2289: 2272: 2168:. Cambridge University Press. p. 2159: 2022:Center on Budget and Policy Priorities 1232:or a majority is needed in a national 1066:is implemented. An example of this is 4100:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised 3715:Principles of parliamentary procedure 3668: 3621: 3595: 2285: 2283: 2281: 1818: 3576:Johnson, Nicholas (April 25, 2006). 3142:"Scotland Act 1998: Section 31A" 2710:1987 Constitution of the Philippines 2688: 2543:(November 2015). "03 - Regeringen". 2268: 2266: 2187:. Duke University Press. p. 45. 2006:" laws (either in state statutes or 1729: 1610:2017 United Kingdom General Election 1073:After the accession of Croatia, on 1 878: 4137:Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice 3537:"North Carolina State Constitution" 3487:Shanton, Karen (October 28, 2013). 3391:Hudiburg, Jane A. (July 24, 2018). 3207:"Scotland Act 1998: Section 31" 2478:from the original on August 8, 2023 2002:One common provision of so-called " 1960: 1433:Finally, the proposal is passed by 957:Use in governments around the world 24: 4159:Odgers' Australian Senate Practice 3710:History of parliamentary procedure 3080:"Scotland Act 1998: Section 3" 2513:from the original on June 24, 2023 2383: 2353: 2278: 1932:A two-thirds supermajority in the 1373: 1160:President of Italy § Election 723:presidential nominating convention 25: 4254: 4166:House of Representatives Practice 3954:Request to be excused from a duty 3433:"Supermajority Vote Requirements" 3268:Burrell, Ian (October 29, 2013). 3020:Burrell, Ian (October 29, 2013). 2263: 2236: 2160:Bensel, Richard Franklin (2008). 1825:Constitution of the United States 1766: 1563: 1038: 858:previous referendum in Montenegro 721:was adopted at the party's first 499:Biology and political orientation 4203: 3886:Fix the time to which to adjourn 3833:Limit or extend limits of debate 3394:Supermajority Votes in the House 1944:(except in cases covered by the 1925:as a federal or state officer, " 1923:oath to support the Constitution 1813: 1575:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1568: 1548:According to Article 155 of the 1459:General Council of the Judiciary 1427:Both chambers must be dissolved. 974:is required and must achieve a " 883: 600: 32:Two-thirds rule (railway safety) 3979:Request for any other privilege 3944:Motions relating to nominations 3569: 3550: 3529: 3523:The Illinois State Constitution 3514: 3499: 3480: 3451: 3425: 3412: 3384: 3353: 3321: 3289: 3261: 3230: 3199: 3134: 3103: 3072: 3041: 3013: 2982: 2958: 2932: 2906: 2881: 2856: 2821: 2796: 2778: 2752: 2736: 2719: 2663: 2638: 2613: 2600: 2570: 2493: 2460: 2435: 2409: 2395: 2341: 2311: 2233:" redirects to this definition. 1773:United Nations Security Council 1602:United Kingdom House of Commons 1598:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 1366:According to Article 65 of the 1263:Constitution of the Philippines 3866:Call for the orders of the day 2472:Parliamentary Education Office 2219: 2205: 2191: 2176: 2153: 2141: 1361: 1341: 1336: 1256: 1211: 1106:ordinary legislative procedure 875:Use in parliamentary procedure 719:Democratic National Convention 672:requires that any action of a 494:Theories of political behavior 120:Political history of the world 13: 1: 3990:Motions that bring a question 3871:Raise a question of privilege 2468:"Referendums and plebiscites" 2423:(in Polish). February 6, 2021 2093: 1891:. In 1999, efforts to remove 1666:The devolved legislatures in 1095: 1056:Council of the European Union 1035:must be held on the subject. 981: 771: 509:Critique of political economy 4123:Riddick's Rules of Procedure 1749:District councils in England 1692:Government of Wales Act 2006 1351:legislators agree to do so. 1320: 966:To pass an amendment to the 961: 90:Outline of political science 7: 2621:"The Constitution of Japan" 2183:Schulman, Bruce J. (1994). 2055: 1861:enter into force and effect 1719:The name of the legislature 1612:. The previous election in 1589:, insofar as it applies in 1368:Constitution of South Korea 1267:Congress of the Philippines 1060:'Qualified majority voting' 906:, discuss the issue on the 792:Three-fifths, or 60 percent 729:. The two-thirds rule gave 651:. Supermajority rules in a 10: 4259: 3828:Postpone to a certain time 2606:See Article 294(7) of the 1735:Local authorities in Wales 1538: 1239: 1176:with 58 electors from the 1157: 1111: 1047: 1043: 1010: 988:Constitution of Bangladesh 683: 95:Index of politics articles 29: 4201: 4173:Bourinot's Rules of Order 4091:Parliamentary authorities 4089: 4056: 4023: 3992:again before the assembly 3988: 3894: 3856: 3803: 3702: 3627: 2784:Constitution, Art. 57(1). 2062:Consensus decision-making 2032:, and also may encourage 1678:all usually operate with 1585:to amend or dissolve the 1554:Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine 1544:Constitutional amendments 1533:constitutional amendments 1526: 1506: 1386:Constitutional amendments 1303:constitutional convention 1001: 990:stipulates a bill in the 4071:Declare the chair vacant 3934:Division of the assembly 3464:Constitution of Michigan 2775:Constitution, Art. 5(2). 2044:International agreements 1743:single transferable vote 1690:and Section 111A of the 1394: 1271:House of Representatives 1230:House of Representatives 1195: 1153: 1134: 869:Constitution of Colorado 854:government of Montenegro 660:, especially those with 4058:Disciplinary procedures 3967:Request for information 3696:Parliamentary procedure 3557:Waisanen, Bert (2010). 3521:Lousin, Ann M. (2011). 2650:New Zealand Legislation 2541:Christensen, Jens Peter 2293:Robert's Rules of Order 2028:or fund transportation 2004:taxpayer bill of rights 1897:his impeachment in 1998 1620:Parliamentary supremacy 1596:Before its repeal, the 1550:Constitution of Ukraine 1246:Constitution of Nigeria 1017:Constitution of Denmark 968:Australian Constitution 944:Robert's Rules of Order 939:Parliamentary procedure 801:Constitution of Florida 670:Parliamentary procedure 504:Political organisations 267:International relations 105:Politics by subdivision 4025:Legislative procedures 3975:Request to read papers 3959:Requests and inquiries 3924:Division of a question 3506:Friedman, Dan (2006). 3468:. Michigan Legislature 2793:Neo & Lee, p. 165. 2582:www.europarl.europa.eu 1835:United States Congress 1777:United Nations Charter 1480:Autonomous communities 1449:Other legal procedures 954: 836: 756:Common supermajorities 4010:Discharge a committee 3963:Parliamentary inquiry 3813:Postpone indefinitely 3720:Deliberative assembly 3371:The National Archives 3339:The National Archives 3307:The National Archives 3217:The National Archives 3186:The National Archives 3152:The National Archives 3121:The National Archives 3090:The National Archives 3059:The National Archives 2733:, 2d ed. 2017, p. 14. 2227:thefreedictionary.com 2108:Schwartzberg, Melissa 2072:Group decision-making 1852:a bill, Congress may 1496:and national powers. 1471:The president of the 1400:Constitutional reform 1354:Additionally, if the 1331:People's Action Party 1222:Constitution Act 1986 1130:Parliament of Finland 1122:Parliament of Finland 1104:(EP) where under the 998:to become effective. 949: 704:Third Lateran Council 674:deliberative assembly 584:Political campaigning 324:Public administration 157:Collective leadership 4048:Recall of Parliament 2766:(November 14, 2000). 2646:"Electoral Act 1993" 2539:Pedersen, Susannah; 2371:on December 24, 2018 2329:on December 24, 2018 2150:, pp. 51, 58–59 1662:Devolved parliaments 1486:autonomous community 1466:Constitutional Court 1406:Congress of Deputies 1380:Constitutional Court 1329:However, the ruling 1178:country's 20 regions 1126:Finnish Constitution 904:improve this section 823:parliament of Poland 715:presidential nominee 434:Separation of powers 305:Political psychology 280:Comparative politics 258:political scientists 245:Academic disciplines 125:Political philosophy 4192:ABC of Chairmanship 4000:Take from the table 3645:(absolute majority) 3639:(relative majority) 3422:, 2000 ed., p. 353 2831:. December 9, 2020. 2749:(November 9, 2000). 2588:on December 1, 2017 2148:Schwartzberg (2013) 2008:state constitutions 1739:first-past-the-post 1686:Section 31A of the 1645:Parliament Act 1911 1638:and the opposition 1490:Statute of Autonomy 1216:Section 268 of the 1144:Indian Constitution 1102:European Parliament 986:Article 142 of the 845:the European Union 831:President of Poland 678:consensus democracy 607:Politics portal 456:Election commission 427:Government branches 310:Political sociology 162:Confessional system 100:Politics by country 18:Two-thirds majority 4152:Lex Parliamentaria 3896:Incidental motions 3858:Privileged motions 3805:Subsidiary motions 3366:legislation.gov.uk 3341:. October 30, 2007 3334:legislation.gov.uk 3309:. January 20, 2021 3302:legislation.gov.uk 3212:legislation.gov.uk 3181:legislation.gov.uk 3147:legislation.gov.uk 3116:legislation.gov.uk 3085:legislation.gov.uk 3054:legislation.gov.uk 2625:japan.kantei.go.jp 2231:Qualified majority 1819:Federal government 1796:Russian Federation 1763:draft strategies. 1636:Conservative Party 1600:provided that the 1200:Amendments to the 1166:President of Italy 1015:Article 20 of the 731:southern Democrats 696:Pope Alexander III 662:entrenched clauses 290:Political analysis 222:Semi-parliamentary 4215: 4214: 4043:Motion to pass on 4033:Call of the house 3914:Suspend the rules 3838:Previous question 3795:Unanimous consent 3775:Order of business 3662: 3661: 3622:Types of majority 3459:"Article XII § 1" 2559:978-87-7982-172-9 2474:. June 16, 2023. 2304:978-0-306-82020-5 2256:978-90-04-18798-6 2127:978-0-521-19823-3 1866:Section 4 of the 1730:Local authorities 1688:Scotland Act 1998 1656:royal prerogative 1591:England and Wales 1517:National Assembly 1494:1978 Constitution 1414:absolute majority 1348:National Assembly 1250:National Assembly 1148:Indian Parliament 936: 935: 928: 862:no-show paradoxes 746:Federalist Papers 641: 640: 589:Political parties 529:Electoral systems 253:Political science 227:Semi-presidential 139:Political systems 115:Political history 110:Political economy 16:(Redirected from 4250: 4207: 4111:(TSC or Sturgis) 3848:Lay on the table 3689: 3682: 3675: 3666: 3665: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3593: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3429: 3423: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3399: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3246:. April 13, 2016 3234: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3172: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3005: 3003: 2998:. April 13, 2016 2986: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2970: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2846: 2833: 2832: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2756: 2750: 2740: 2734: 2723: 2717: 2714:Official Gazette 2707: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2617: 2611: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2584:. Archived from 2574: 2568: 2567: 2551: 2536: 2527: 2526: 2520: 2518: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2483: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2287: 2276: 2270: 2261: 2260: 2240: 2234: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2167: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2104: 1961:State government 1668:Northern Ireland 1629:election in 2019 1627:to initiate the 1579:House of Commons 1295:acting president 1080: 1076: 1064:unanimous voting 931: 924: 920: 917: 911: 887: 886: 879: 711:Democratic Party 633: 626: 619: 605: 604: 395: 340: 295:Political theory 285:Election science 275: 261: 39: 38: 21: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4247: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4209:Politics portal 4197: 4085: 4052: 4019: 3991: 3984: 3890: 3852: 3799: 3698: 3693: 3663: 3658: 3654:Double majority 3623: 3620: 3590: 3589: 3574: 3570: 3555: 3551: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3519: 3515: 3504: 3500: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3376: 3374: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3344: 3342: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3295: 3294: 3290: 3280: 3278: 3275:The Independent 3266: 3262: 3249: 3247: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3222: 3220: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3191: 3189: 3174: 3173: 3166: 3157: 3155: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3126: 3124: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3095: 3093: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3064: 3062: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3030: 3027:The Independent 3018: 3014: 3001: 2999: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2946:. June 22, 2017 2938: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2920:. June 22, 2017 2918:Constitución.es 2912: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2893:Constitución.es 2887: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2868:Constitución.es 2862: 2861: 2857: 2848: 2847: 2836: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2812: 2810: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2770: 2757: 2753: 2741: 2737: 2725:Elliot Bulmer, 2724: 2720: 2708: 2689: 2679: 2677: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2654: 2652: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2629: 2627: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2605: 2601: 2591: 2589: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2560: 2549: 2537: 2530: 2516: 2514: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2481: 2479: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2374: 2372: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2332: 2330: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2305: 2288: 2279: 2275:, p. 402.p 2271: 2264: 2257: 2241: 2237: 2224: 2220: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2181: 2177: 2158: 2154: 2146: 2142: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2077:Minoritarianism 2067:Double majority 2058: 2046: 1963: 1937:supermajority. 1821: 1816: 1769: 1757:London Assembly 1732: 1680:fixed intervals 1664: 1571: 1566: 1546: 1541: 1529: 1509: 1482: 1464:Members of the 1457:Members of the 1451: 1410:Senate of Spain 1402: 1397: 1388: 1376: 1374:Judicial review 1364: 1344: 1339: 1323: 1281:is required to 1261:Under the 1987 1259: 1242: 1214: 1198: 1162: 1156: 1137: 1114: 1098: 1078: 1074: 1052: 1046: 1041: 1013: 1004: 984: 976:double majority 964: 959: 932: 921: 915: 912: 901: 888: 884: 877: 850:Miroslav Lajčák 839: 794: 774: 758: 700:papal elections 686: 637: 599: 594: 593: 524: 523: 514: 513: 471: 470: 461: 460: 429: 428: 419: 418: 414:Public interest 399:Domestic policy 389: 382: 381: 370: 369: 334: 327: 326: 315: 314: 276: 269: 262: 255: 247: 246: 237: 236: 142: 141: 130: 129: 85: 84: 75: 44:Politics series 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4256: 4246: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4213: 4212: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4195: 4188: 4183: 4176: 4169: 4162: 4155: 4148: 4140: 4133: 4126: 4119: 4112: 4104: 4095: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 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