Spread of Islam in Indonesia

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did not begin until after several centuries of foreign Muslims visiting and living in Indonesia, nor do they adequately explain the origin and development of Indonesia's idiosyncratic strains of Islam, or how Islam came to be the dominant religion in Indonesia. To fill these gaps, many scholars turn to Malay and Indonesian legends surrounding Indonesian conversion to Islam. Ricklefs argues that although they are not reliable historical accounts of actual events, they are valuable in illuminating some of the events is through their shared insights into the nature of learning and magical powers, foreign origins and trade connections of the early teachers, and the conversion process that moved from the elite downwards. These also provide insight into how later generations of Indonesians view Islamisation. These sources include:

2801:). Walisongo changes all those self pronunciation or designation which indicates the meaning of slaves, and replaced it with the term of ingsun, aku, kulun, or awak, and other designations that do not represent the identity of slaves or persons with lower social status. That is the concept of society of Walisongo, society or community of equal and mutual cooperation, which does not possess any discriminations nor discriminate the terms of self designation between subject classes such "gusti and kawula", which is called "Masyarakat". In present days, the term of kula, ambo, abdi, hamba, sahaya or saya, are still being used for the purpose of showing respect toward others, for example: while speaking toward someone older, parents, strangers, and so on. 2265:

stretched 400 feet in length (Columbus's Santa Maria, for comparison, was 85 feet). These carried hundreds of sailors on four tiers of decks. As a favorite of the Yongle Emperor, whose usurpation he assisted, he rose to the top of the imperial hierarchy and served as commander of the southern capital Nanjing (the capital was later moved to Beijing by the Yongle Emperor). These voyages were long neglected in official Chinese histories but have become well-known in China and abroad since the publication of Liang Qichao's Biography of Our Homeland's Great Navigator, Zheng He in 1904. A

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conceptualized or described directly. Sang Hyang Taya is defined simply as "tan keno kinaya ngapa"; it cannot be seen, thought, nor imagined. The might of Sang Hyang Taya is represented in various places, such as in stones, monuments, trees, and in other parts of the world. Offerings are given at these places, not because the stones, trees, and monuments are objects of worship, but as an expression of devotion toward Sang Hyang Taya, whose might is represented at these sites. A similar conception of

33: 4808: 3716: 2087: 2305: 2682: 2594:, cast doubt on the long-held view that Islam in Java originated on the coast and represented political and religious opposition to the kingdom. As a kingdom with far-reaching political and trading contacts, Majapahit would have almost certainly been in contact with Muslim traders, however there is conjecture over the likelihood of its sophisticated courtiers being attracted to a religion of merchants. Rather, mystical 3730: 2808:, in addition to class gusti, people do not have property rights, such as houses, cattle, and so on, because all of them belonged to the palace. If the palace had intent, like wanting to build a bridge or temple and require the sacrifice, the children of class subjects taken and victimized. By changing the structure of society, class subjects can finally rejected because of the equality of the new society system. 663: 3697: 3115:, described the event of Bubad War, it is said that Gajah Mada kill the King of Sunda and his entire family. This is what made the people of Sunda harbor a grudge against the people of Java. Tracking back from its historical record, the text itself only appeared in Bali in 1860, made by the order of the Dutch. Sunda is a great kingdom, if such an event truly ever happened, it must have been written by the 2568: 2145:(Indians, Chinese, Arabs, etc.) settled in Indonesia and mixed with local communities. Islam is thought to have been present in Southeast Asia from early in the Islamic era. When, why and how the earliest Muslims converted in Indonesia is a matter of debate. There are no definite conclusions as to how the process of early Islamisation occurred with any certainty, due to the lack of written sources. 723: 2770:, all property is owned by the palace (state, or nation, or the kingdom). And if the king wants to give a deserving subject, then by the King's order that person will be given sima land or perdikan land (fief). This also means, if he had been a Kawula, his social status will rise, and he will become a Gusti, and he also has the right of ownership as he was given the simah land (fief). 72: 2587:, rather than foreign Muslims. Due to their elaborate decorations and proximity to the site of the former Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit capital, Damais concludes that these are the graves of very distinguished Javanese, perhaps even royalty. This suggests that some of the Javanese elite adopted Islam at a time when the Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit was at the height of its glory. 3369:(meditation). Men and women formed a circle and all naked. In the center is provided meat, fish, and wine. After eating and drinking, they have sexual intercourse (maituna). After satisfying various desires, they meditated. For higher levels, they were using human flesh for Mamsya replacing meat, Sura fish (shark) for Matsa, and human blood for Madya replacing wine. 3119:. The Kingdom of Sunda was very detailed in describing its historical records. Even the traditions of Sunda were written in every detail in the manuscript of "Sanghyang Siksa Kanda ng Karesyan". How come such a great event was never mentioned even once in the Chronicle of Sunda (Babad Sunda). The event itself was never mentioned in the Chronicles of 2134: 962:, evidence about the coming of Islam to Indonesia is limited; there is considerable debate among scholars about what conclusions can be drawn about the conversion of Indonesian peoples. The primary evidence, at least of the earlier stages of the process, are gravestones and a few travelers' accounts, but these can only show that indigenous 3605:, and the adoption of an Arabic name. On the other hand, while magical events still play a prominent role in the Javanese accounts of Islamisation, such turning points of conversion as in the Malay texts are otherwise not as evident. This suggests a more adsorptive process for the Javanese, that is consistent with the significantly larger 2639:, that there were only three types of people in Java: Muslims from the west, Chinese (some Muslim) and the heathen Javanese. Since the east Javan gravestones were those of Javanese Muslims fifty years before, Ma Huan's report indicates that Islam may have indeed been adopted by Javanese courtiers before the coastal Javanese. 3434:

In conclusion, about 800 years Islam entered the archipelago, since the year 674 until Walisongo era in 1470, but has yet to be accepted by society en masse. It was then after the era of Walisongo, Islam developed so widespread in the archipelago. And until now, the teaching Walisongo is still run by

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with a height of three meters and stands on a pile of skulls. He is the priest of the Bhairawa Tantra, the one who performed the teaching of malima. He was inaugurated and then became the Bhairawa priest carrying the title of Wisesa Dharani, the ruler of the earth. The statue described that he sat on

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in Islam, Walisongo used the term of Puasa or Upawasa from the Kapitayan in describing the ritual. The term of Poso Dino Pitu in Kapitayan whose means fasting on the day of the second and the fifth day in which is equal to seven days of fasting, is very similar with the form of fasting on Mondays and

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Walisongo also use the term "Sembahyang" (worshipping Sang Hyang Taya in Kapitayan) in introducing the term of "Shalat" in Islam. In term of places for worship or praying, Walisongo also using the term Sanggar in Kapitayan, which represents a four-square building with an empty hole on its wall as the

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Although time frames for the establishment of Islam in Indonesian regions can be broadly determined, the historical primary sources cannot answer many specific questions, and considerable controversy surrounds the topic. Such sources do not explain why significant conversions of Indonesians to Islam

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that documents his observations of Java and Sumatra from his 1512 to 1515 visits, is considered one of the most important sources on the spread of Islam in Indonesia. In 1520, Ali Mughayat Syah started military campaigns to dominate the northern part of Sumatra. He conquered Daya, and submitted the

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The spread of Islam was slow. The limited evidence that is currently known suggests that the spread of Islam accelerated in the 15th century. One of the defining characteristics of the spread was that it was achieved through generally peaceful means. As Muslim traders settled in coastal areas, they

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were, however, Islamised and were often at war with the interior, except for Tuban, which remained loyal to the Hindu-Buddhist king. Some of the coastal Muslim lords were converted Javanese, or Muslim Chinese, Indians, Arabs, and Malays who had settled and established their trading state on the

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Before Islam was established in Indonesian communities, Muslim traders had been present for several centuries. Ricklefs identifies two overlapping processes by which the Islamisation of Indonesia occurred: (1) Indonesians came into contact with Islam and converted, and (2) foreign Muslim Asians

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Zheng He (1371–1433 or 1435), originally named Ma He, was a Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China's early Ming dynasty. Zheng commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433. His larger ships

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It was initially believed that Islam penetrated Indonesian society in a largely peaceful way, (which is still largely true according to many scholars) and from the 14th century to the end of the 19th century the archipelago saw almost no organised Muslim missionary activity. Later findings of

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The presence of foreign Muslims in Indonesia does not, however, demonstrate a significant level of local conversion or the establishment of local Islamic states. The most reliable evidence of the early spread of Islam in Indonesia comes from inscriptions on tombstones and a limited number of

3470:). The north coast was, however, Muslim as far as Surabaya and was often at war with the interior. Of these coastal Muslim lords, some were Javanese who had adopted Islam, and others were not originally Javanese but Muslim traders settling along established trading routes including Chinese, 2819:

actually were only embraced by the Gusti society inside the palaces. The common religion embraced by the general population outside the palace is Kapitayan, a religion devoted to the deity Sang Hyang Taya. Taya means "suwung" (empty). God in Kapitayan religion is abstract, and cannot be

3123:, nor in any other historical records. Again, this is the tactic of the Dutch in dividing the society by creating a false history as part of the Dutch policy "Divide and Conquer". From all of the distortion of history, all must have originated from a script written by the Dutch post- 2172:

travellers’ accounts. The earliest legibly inscribed tombstone is dated AH 475 (AD 1082), although as it belongs to a non-Indonesian Muslim, there is doubt as to whether it was transported to Java at a later time. The first evidence of Indonesian Muslims comes from northern Sumatra;

2862:: the term of "Tan keno kinaya ngapa" in Kapitayan ("can't be seen, can't be thought, can't be imagined, He is beyond everything"), have the same equal meaning as "laisa kamitslihi syai'un" in Islam ("There is nothing like unto Him"; Qur'an Surah Ash-Syura chapter 42 verse 11). 2784:

One of the methods that were used by the Walisongo is by changing the mindset of the society. People with social status of Gusti pronoun themselves as: intahulun, kulun or ingsun. While the people with social status of Kawula pronoun themselves as: kula or kawula

3190:, where in front of it there is a giant cannon named "Ki Amok". As an illustration of the magnitude of the cannon, people can get into the cannon holes. Even the imperial seal of the Kingdom of Demak is still clearly attached to the cannon, which is made in 2438:

incorporating several pepper-producing and gold-producing regions. The addition of such regions ultimately led to internal tensions within the Sultanate, as Aceh's strength was as a trading port, whose economic interests vary from those of producing ports.

2650:. As it appears, however, that he was a non-Javanese foreigner, the gravestone does not provide evidence of coastal Javanese conversion. Malik Ibrahim was, however, according to Javanese tradition one of the first nine apostles of Islam in Java (the 2885:

There's also a ritual in form of not eating from morning up until night in Kapitayan, which is called as Upawasa (Puasa or Poso). Incidentally, the ritual of fasting in Hinduism is also called "Upawasa" or "Upavasa". Instead of using the term of

3299:. By Walisongo, this literary richness was then enriched by the making of variety of song compositions, such as "Tembang Gedhe" (great song composition), "Tembang Tengahan" (mid song composition), and "Tembang Alit" (short song composition). 3400:. There he held a similar ceremony, made the similar circle, but all of the participants were all males, in the center of the circle there is the food, and then they pray together. This is called the Kenduri Tradition (festivity tradition) or 2914:

Sekar" (The Ballad of Flowers Boat), to describe how the ceremony was carried out with full opulence and grandeur. This tradition was then called by society around the lakes and beach with the term Sadran or Nyadran (derived from the word

2781:, which means the community of equal and mutual cooperation. It is proven by the absence of the term of "masyarakat", "rakyat", and so on in the Javanese Kawi vocabulary. It's a new term that was brought by Walisongo during their Dha'wah. 1068:. Although it is known that the spread of Islam began in the west of the archipelago, the fragmentary evidence does not suggest a rolling wave of conversion through adjacent areas; rather, it suggests the process was complicated and slow. 2777:, created a new perspective in the cultural and society structure. From the cultural and society structure of "gusti and kawula", they introduce the new community structure which is so-called "Masyarakat", derived from the Arabic term of 3041:

finally deconstructing the stories about Walisongo, as in Babad Kediri. From this Babad Kediri, it was then emerged the book chronicle of Darmo Gandul and Suluk Gatholoco. the one who authored the book is named Ngabdullah, a person from

2910:", a ceremony that being held 12 years after a person's death. There is a time in the Majapahit history, during the Sraddha ceremony a King of Majapahit (Bhre Pamotan Sang Sinagara), a poet namely Mpu Tanakung, composed the "Kidung of 2765:

Gusti means master, Kawula means slaves or servants, who only have the right to lease, not the right of ownership, because the right of ownership is only belongs to the people with the social status of (Gusti). In the era of

3489:, Martin van Bruinessen focuses on the link between mystics and royalty, contrasting that Islamisation process with the one which prevailed elsewhere in Java: "In the case of Banten, the indigenous sources associate the 2290:

was conquered by Muslims in the 16th century, while the Muslim-coastal and Hindu-Buddhist-interior part of East Java was often at war. Organised spread of Islam is also evident by the existence of the

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were in a certain place at a certain time. This evidence cannot explain more complicated matters such as how lifestyles were affected by the new religion or how deeply it affected societies. It cannot

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Thursdays in Islam. The Tradition of "Tumpengan" of Kapitayan was also being kept by the Walisongo under the Islamic perspective as known as "Sedekah". This is the meaning of the terminology in which

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was founded in the early 16th century and would later become the most powerful North Sumatran state and one of the most powerful in the whole Malay archipelago. The Aceh Empire's first sultan was

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was not Muslim in his day, and was indeed hostile to Islam. A Muslim conquest of the area occurred later in the 16th century. In the early 16th century, the Central and East Java (home of the

2974:, and ancestral spirits, in which known by the people of Majapahit. The people of Majapahit were very rational. They all were sailors and got to know people from all across the globe such as 2923:

also brought religious traditions, such as ceremonies of 3 days, 7 days, 40 days, 10 days, and 1000 days after someone's death. This is a tradition in which derived from Campa, not a native

2553:. From Malacca and elsewhere, gravestones survive showing not only its spread in the Malay archipelago but as the religion of a number of cultures and their rulers in the late 15th century. 3198:

besar" ("big guns") and "jurumudi ning bedil besar" ("the driver of the big guns") describes "cannon" and "cannon operators". That was the military technology during the era of Walisongo.

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This Kapitayan religion, is the ancient religion, in which is studied in the archaeological study, whose its archeological remains and legacy in Western terminology is known as dormant,

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the rulers were Muslim although at that stage their subjects and peoples of neighboring areas were not, however, it was reported that the religion was continually gaining new adherents.

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Of the texts mentioned here, the Malay texts describe the conversion process as a significant watershed, signified by formal and tangible signs of conversion such as circumcision, the

17: 4665: 955:, it became a busy international hub for merchants engaged in many forms of trade. It became a place where different peoples shared their respective cultures, including Islam. 3482:. According to Piers, these settlers and their descendants so admired Javanese Hindu-Buddhist culture that they emulate its style and were thus themselves becoming Javanese. 2406:. The establishment of further Islamic states in North Sumatra is documented by late 15th- and 16th-century graves including those of the first and second Sultans of Pedir; 3334:) religion embraced by kings of Nusantara archipelago, there's a sect in that Tantric religion which is called the Bhairawa Tantra sect that worships the Goddess of Earth, 4829: 3146:, even barunastra, a giant tipped steel arrows that functioned like an underwater torpedo, in which when it was fired, it had the ability to penetrate and bilge the ship. 5299: 3929: 4900: 2604:), are thought to be a more probable agent of religious conversion of Javanese court elites, who had long been familiar with aspects of Hindu and Buddhist mysticism. 3170:, during the conquered of the Port of Malacca, the Portuguese intelligence sourced that the Malacca fortress was complemented by large-size of cannons imported from 2533:, was, as the most important trading center of the Southeast Asian archipelago, a center of foreign Muslims, and it thus appears a supporter of the spread of Islam. 5580: 830: 3010:. This is clearly derived from the Muslim faith, because in Majapahit the dead was burned and not covered with sheet. There are also many other superstition like 2446:

the rulers were Muslim, while south of Palembang and around the southern tip of Sumatra and up the west coast, most were not. In other Sumatran kingdoms, such as

2176:, on his way home from China in 1292, reported at least one Muslim town; and the first evidence of a Muslim dynasty is the gravestone, dated AH 696 (AD 1297), of 6969: 1797: 3068:

will bounce back. Yet according to the more authentic script and more ancient, in that year that attacked Majapahit is King Girindrawardhana, the Hindu king of

4216: 3419:. So malima was originally not Maling (thievery), Maen (gambling), Madon (adultery), Madat (consuming opium), and Mendem (drunk), but the five elements of 4841: 2835:, and many others in which indicates that there is an ancient religion around that place. And by the Dutch historian, this religion is referred to as 2607:

Central and East Java, the areas where the ethnic Javanese lived, was still claimed by the Hindu-Buddhist king living in the interior of east java at

7171: 3392:. As formerly the center of the Bhairawa Tantra, no wonder that the slogan of the City of Kediri now is Canda Bhirawa. During his Dha'wah in Kediri, 3240:

has a wife namely Arimbi, who later he married again with Dewi Nagagini who have children Ontorejo and Ontoseno, and so on. Illustrated that all the

2411: 1777: 3423:. Islam was then growing even faster because the people do not want their children get victimized as in Bhairawa Tantra. Then, they prefer to join 2738:

can be received in such a widespread manner in Java, whereas before it was very difficult to develop? One significant key-factor of the success of

6959: 2407: 2403: 1757: 5227: 2152:. According to those early accounts, the Indonesian archipelago was famous among early Muslim sailors, mainly due to its abundance of precious 2115: 4087:

Alles, Delphine (2015). "Historical Detour: The Long Interplay between Transnational Islamic Actors and the Archipelago's Foreign Relations".

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There is no evidence of the adoption of Islam by Indonesians before the 16th century in areas outside of Java, Sumatra, the sultanates of

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During the Dha'wah of Walisongo, Islam was spread without any force of arms, not even a single drip of blood was spilled. Only after the

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era. First, the Group of Gusti, namely people who live in the palace. Secondly, the Group of Kawula, people who live outside the palace.

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rather than Arabic on a significant series of gravestones dating back to 1369 in East Java, indicate that these are almost certainly

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and that it was built on Friday, 1 Ramadhan (22 April 1205) by Sultan Johan Syah after he defeated the Hindu and Buddhist Kingdom of

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In metallurgical technology smelting iron and steel, for example, people of Majapahit had already possess the ability to create the

7781: 7365: 5757: 7061: 7039: 6867: 5666: 4282: 2874:. This term of place for praying or worshipping in Kapitayan also used by Walisongo by the name "Langgar" represents the term of 2328:, each with Islamic inscriptions but in Indian-type characters and the other Arabic. Dating from the 14th century, tombstones in 446: 4613: 2616:

coast. This war between the Muslim-coast and Hindu-Buddhist interior also continued long after the fall of the Majapahit by the

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began to assimilate with the local population. Soon new Muslim communities were created, as evidenced by the travel journals of

7776: 7267: 5237: 863: 785: 3049:, who because of poverty, making it lapsed and leaves Islam. He later renamed by the name of Ki Tunggul Wulung and settled in 7113: 6989: 6964: 6002: 4129: 4098: 4071: 4013: 3873: 1891: 333: 5357: 5232: 2032: 7731: 7340: 7066: 6923: 5948: 5217: 1992: 825: 6949: 3415:

Therefore, in rural areas, people can be considered a Muslim if he's already stated the Islamic creed, circumcised, and

7786: 7444: 6576: 2108: 2054: 3315:, even an illiterate people can understand. This is the method of Walisongo Propagation through the arts and culture. 7685: 7668: 7257: 7083: 6720: 5125: 4868: 4554: 4527: 4500: 4473: 4395: 4339: 4266: 3986: 3846: 3816: 3758: 3648: 3064:

1478 and the emergence of a fictional character Sabdo Palon Naya Genggong who swore that 500 years after the attack,

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in the year 1978 (500 years after 1478), as a symbol of truth of the oath of Sabdo Palon about the resurrection of

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to the east. By the end of the 13th century, Islam had been established in North Sumatra; by the 14th in northeast

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kingdom as the descendants of Majapahit has the ability to create a large caliber of cannons in which exported to

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carrying soldiers, military equipment and other supplies. According to accounts written by the Portuguese Admiral

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not with trade and traders but with kings, magical power and political legitimation." He presents evidence that

7493: 7401: 7208: 7140: 6984: 6939: 6903: 6704: 6226: 6028: 5943: 5590: 4717: 3672: 3076:, the second president of Indonesia was very confident so that he sets pass of Aliran Kepercayaan (Beliefs) in 2703: 2442:

At this time, according to Pires, most Sumatran kings were Muslim; from Aceh and south along the east coast to

2064: 1856: 1104: 820: 638: 3636: 3342:, and others Gods. They have a rituals where they were creating a circle called Ksetra. The largest Ksetra in 7646: 7633: 7478: 7379: 7335: 7034: 7009: 6994: 6304: 6070: 5997: 5992: 5242: 4834: 2320:

Firmer evidence documenting continued cultural transitions comes from two late-14th century gravestones from

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Nathaniel's Nutmeg: The True and Incredible Adventures of the Spice Trader Who Changed the Course of History

3660: 3280:. This puppet spectacle, not only as an entertainment but also functioned as guidance in the propagation of 3268:. This can be seen on the Pakem Pewayangan (the grip of puppet show) Ringgit Purwa at Pustaka Raja Purwa in 7651: 7543: 7228: 7093: 6183: 5928: 5698: 5037: 4145: 3753: 2266: 1685: 931:

The islands that now constitute Indonesia have been recognized for centuries as a source of spices such as

414: 7796: 7350: 7135: 7049: 6999: 6060: 5923: 4905: 4730: 3389: 3069: 3050: 1911: 750: 461: 288: 2486: 7755: 7678: 7581: 7528: 7325: 7262: 7098: 7073: 6388: 5316: 3787: 3575:("History of the land of Java") – a generic name for a large number of manuscripts, in which the first 3264:

referred to as the son of God Bayu. Walisongo even make the pedigree that the gods were descendants of

2395: 2230:'s voyages to secure the maritime routes, usher urbanization and assist in creating a common prosperity 1866: 856: 501: 5715: 4588: 4030:"Did you know?: The Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia through the Trade Routes | Silk Roads Programme" 3567:

tells the story of the conversion of Samudra, but also tells of the conversion of the King of Malacca.

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over Arabic words, suggesting the representation of the introduction of Islamic law. According to the

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element in contemporary Javanese Islam in comparison to the relatively orthodox Islam of Sumatra and

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toward the regions. Because the concept of tawhid in Kapitayan is basically same with the concept of

2656:) although no documentary evidence exists for this tradition. In the late 15th century, the powerful 2017: 967: 835: 760: 755: 596: 308: 36: 7791: 7623: 7558: 7345: 7310: 6760: 6349: 6065: 5703: 5505: 5387: 5377: 5367: 5321: 5247: 5067: 4546:

Javanese Literature in Surakarta Manuscripts: Introduction and manuscripts of the Karaton Surakarta

3552: 2478: 2447: 2435: 2181: 2137: 1997: 1418: 810: 528: 328: 7695: 7591: 7513: 7508: 7223: 5462: 5408: 5257: 5222: 5212: 5085: 4767: 3543: 2692: 1164: 805: 123: 6188: 5639: 3276:. So the grip that was used by the puppeteers in Java was the Pakem derived from Walisongo, not 2196:

traveller, in 1346. In his travel log, Ibn Battuta wrote that the ruler of Samudera Pasai was a

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was also known as Sunan Wadat Cakrawati, as the leader or imam of Chakra Iswara (Cakreswara).

2494: 2296:(nine holy patriarchs) who are credited for the Islamisation of Indonesia during this period. 7661: 7656: 7613: 7608: 7503: 7498: 7391: 7320: 7154: 7004: 6944: 6841: 6694: 6371: 5969: 5585: 5311: 5252: 5027: 3904: 3466:) were still claimed by the Hindu-Buddhist king living in the interior of East Java at Daha ( 2590:

Ricklefs (1991) argues that these east Javan gravestones, sited and dated at the non-coastal

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empire in Java was at its decline. After having been defeated in several battles, the last

2534: 1949: 1712: 1675: 1628: 1558: 1528: 1498: 1468: 1085: 959: 775: 3228:. This means that the concept of polyandry. Walisongo change this concept by telling that 8: 7586: 7533: 7473: 7406: 7330: 6836: 6806: 6603: 6598: 6458: 5774: 5560: 5515: 5110: 4666:"Shari'a court, tarekat and pesantren: religious institutions in the sultanate of Banten" 4172:

Raden Abdulkadir Widjojoatmodjo (November 1942). "Islam in the Netherlands East Indies".

1767: 1732: 1598: 1518: 1388: 1013:. Many Muslims inter-married with royalties, with their descendants establishing various 815: 686: 582: 216: 116: 4354:

Damais, Louis-Charles, 'Études javanaises, I: Les tombes musulmanes datées de Trålåjå.'

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When the peoples of the north coast of Java adopted Islam is unclear. Chinese Muslim,

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who performs his religious duties with utmost zeal. The school of thought he used was

1096: 7750: 7673: 7283: 6974: 6877: 6872: 6831: 6816: 6791: 6775: 6765: 6745: 6699: 6689: 6684: 6674: 6554: 6324: 6276: 6266: 6261: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6155: 6145: 6135: 5901: 5550: 5500: 5495: 5331: 5175: 5130: 5012: 4969: 4937: 4873: 4550: 4523: 4496: 4469: 4391: 4335: 4308: 4262: 4201: 4125: 4121: 4094: 4067: 4009: 3982: 3869: 3842: 3812: 3576: 3436: 3096: 3056:

In the essay fiber, there are many stories that contrary to historical fact, such as

2899:(Indonesian fourth president) mentioned as "mempribumikan Islam" (Indigenize Islam). 2786: 2526: 2482: 2470: 2419: 2372: 2149: 1807: 1787: 1568: 1458: 1448: 1408: 1143: 1025: 893: 889: 647: 611: 558: 471: 431: 293: 4437: 4381: 3194:, a region in the Kingdom of Demak whose famous for its craftsmanship. The term of " 2286:

on East Java was conquered by Javanese Muslims. The Hindu-Buddhist Sunda Kingdom of

2269:

left by the navigator was discovered on the island of Sri Lanka shortly thereafter.

7745: 7218: 6846: 6755: 6669: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6608: 6549: 6508: 6421: 6319: 6281: 6236: 6150: 6044: 5633: 5418: 5336: 5306: 5165: 5095: 4677: 4181: 4090:

Transnational Islamic Actors and Indonesia's Foreign Policy: Transcending the State

3721: 3571: 3494: 3486: 3116: 3108: 3104: 2542: 2279: 2091: 1967: 1722: 1548: 1538: 1231: 1045: 974:

of that area was widespread. Nevertheless, a clear turning point occurred when the

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These Kapitayan's religious values was then adopted by the Walisongo in spreading

2184:, with further gravestones indicating continued Islamic rule. The presence of the 6740: 6735: 6730: 6664: 6643: 6523: 6498: 6483: 6431: 6411: 6383: 6344: 6329: 6246: 5938: 5933: 5918: 5671: 5545: 5480: 5289: 5140: 4984: 4893: 4571: 4544: 4517: 4490: 4463: 4385: 4115: 4088: 4003: 3863: 3836: 3763: 3498: 3463: 3163: 3147: 3057: 2924: 2755: 2665: 2617: 2584: 2466: 2246: 1962: 1703: 1578: 1478: 1438: 1271: 1065: 986: 745: 591: 407: 367: 356: 338: 241: 186: 99: 7641: 7463: 6851: 6811: 6750: 6623: 6590: 6559: 6453: 6448: 6426: 6366: 6339: 6271: 6208: 5736: 5490: 5475: 5160: 5155: 5135: 5105: 5090: 4974: 4947: 4853: 4057: 3589: 3526: 3467: 3124: 3026: 2774: 2643: 2632: 2608: 2502: 2474: 2257:

school in the Chinese language. This Chinese Muslim community was led by Hajji

2201: 1638: 1608: 1488: 1311: 1241: 1041: 952: 679: 551: 538: 496: 441: 55: 2620:, and the animosity also continues long after both regions had adopted Islam. 2218: 32: 7770: 6679: 6518: 6436: 6359: 6354: 6309: 6286: 6256: 6231: 6165: 5964: 5781: 5730: 5362: 5326: 5052: 4942: 4413:"What Is Brahman, Omnipresent Consciousness? Definition of the Sanskrit Word" 3479: 3335: 2995: 2967: 2647: 2431: 2325: 2287: 1291: 993:

as Jayakarta (meaning "precious victory") which was eventually contracted to

947:

in 1511. Due to the archipelago's strategic place as the gateway between the

944: 616: 521: 481: 4614:"Walisongo (3): Tembang, Cara Lembut Sunan Giri Siarkan Islam | Dream.co.id" 4412: 3447: 3072:. And because of the very strong influence of that tale, it makes President 2426: 970:, for example, that because a ruler was known to be a Muslim, therefore the 6613: 6586: 6513: 6488: 6111: 5875: 5870: 5423: 5272: 5120: 5100: 5042: 5017: 4927: 4922: 4863: 4858: 4681: 3735: 3559: 3420: 3409: 3405: 3393: 3385: 3377: 3354: 3350: 3339: 3323: 3233: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3112: 3100: 3088: 3043: 3038: 2932: 2916: 2907: 2580: 2510: 2309: 2188:

school of thought, which later came to dominate Indonesia, was reported by

2177: 1281: 1211: 1174: 1029: 990: 971: 948: 740: 722: 714: 667: 623: 360: 92: 81: 3861: 3555:, northern Sumatra), where the first Indonesian Islamic state was founded. 3381:

a pile of hundreds of corpses, drinking blood, and laughing uproariously.

2344:

are evidence of Islam's spread. The Trengganu stone has a predominance of

7700: 6826: 6618: 6251: 6106: 5880: 5801: 5382: 5170: 5057: 5032: 4957: 4952: 4917: 3616: 3260:

has two fathers, namely King Kesari Maliawan and God Bayu. By Walisongo,

3213: 3022: 2843:, because it worships trees, rocks, and spirits. Meanwhile, according to 2832: 2462: 2250: 2189: 2153: 1398: 1321: 1123: 1053: 1002: 940: 419: 377: 301: 4807: 3427:

with the aim of "slamet" (safety). This is the way of Walisongo spreads

3182:, their ships were uprooted by cannon fire when approaching the port of 2635:

of Ming China, visited the Java coast in 1416 and reported in his book,

7455: 6493: 6443: 6175: 5818: 5747: 5575: 5467: 5207: 5145: 5062: 4932: 4912: 4888: 4193: 3805:

Nina Nurmila (31 January 2013). Jajat Burhanudin, Kees van Dijk (ed.).

3581: 3327: 3034: 3011: 2940: 2936: 2742:

of Walisongo is how the Walisongo develop an abandoned civilization of

2706: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2652: 2546: 2333: 2292: 2185: 2173: 1341: 1010: 424: 40: 4777: 3788:"Introduction to Islam in Indonesia - Development of Indonesian Islam" 2430:

people to Islam. Further conquests extended down the east coast, like

900:

travelers for bringing Islam in the 12th or 13th century, either from

6919: 6888: 6473: 6463: 6241: 6122: 5895: 5832: 5826: 5762: 5661: 5527: 4878: 4722: 4369:

Ying-yai Sheng-lan: The overall survey of the ocean's shores' (1433).

3832: 3459: 3404:. Developed from village to village to match the ceremony of malima ( 3388:

created a similar event. He entered the center of Bhairawa Tantra in

3343: 3288: 3269: 3201: 3131: 3120: 3081: 3077: 3065: 3061: 3046: 2971: 2963: 2951: 2903: 2805: 2778: 2767: 2759: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2657: 2591: 2443: 2368: 2341: 2283: 2238: 2223: 1351: 1301: 1251: 1154: 1057: 1014: 978: 323: 4331:

Islam in the Indonesian world: an account of institutional formation

4185: 4063:

Islam in the Indonesian World: An Account of Institutional Formation

2681: 2664:

kingdom in Java fell under the rising power of Islamised Kingdom of

2642:

An early Muslim gravestone dated AH 822 (AD 1419) has been found at

2637:

Ying-yai Sheng-lan: The overall survey of the ocean's shores' (1433)

2394:, has an inscription stating that Banda Aceh was the capital of the 2350:

Ying-yai Sheng-lan: The overall survey of the ocean's shores' (1433)

2304: 6801: 6533: 6334: 6314: 6096: 6086: 6013: 5859: 5837: 5808: 5752: 5277: 3610: 3502: 3424: 3416: 3401: 3362: 3319: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3175: 3167: 3073: 2871: 2816: 2812: 2794: 2628: 2612: 2550: 2458: 2353: 2345: 2337: 2234: 2227: 2165: 1133: 1006: 921: 633: 601: 315: 249: 2866:

symbol of Sang Hyang Taya in Kapitayan, not arca or statues as in

2461:

colonials and the tensions that followed regarding control of the

2148:

The earliest accounts of the Indonesian archipelago date from the

7239: 6537: 6378: 6296: 6218: 5742: 5725: 5688: 5683: 5649: 4790: 4785: 3838:

Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 3 Southeast Asia, Religions

3602: 3518: 3397: 3373: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3261: 3257: 3183: 3151: 3092: 2999: 2959: 2896: 2887: 2844: 2836: 2828: 2821: 2751: 2624: 2600: 2361: 2357: 2193: 1221: 1061: 1033: 1018: 994: 963: 901: 466: 143: 912:. Before the archipelago's conversion to Islam, the predominant 6398: 5842: 5791: 5786: 5720: 5693: 5678: 5654: 5644: 5403: 4795: 4639:"Tembang Karya Walisongo akan Ditampilkan dalam Resepsi HUT RI" 4371:

Ed. and transl. J.V.G. Mills. Cambridge: University Press, 1970

4171: 3594: 3522: 3506: 3490: 3358: 3331: 3308: 3296: 3191: 3187: 3179: 3139: 3029:, the Dutch really run out of funds, they even owe millions of 3007: 3003: 2991: 2987: 2955: 2947:, such tradition has already exist since a very long time ago. 2944: 2920: 2911: 2875: 2855: 2567: 2506: 2380: 2329: 2254: 2197: 2157: 1331: 1049: 1037: 936: 932: 897: 885: 486: 476: 265: 233: 225: 210: 204: 88: 4573:

Serat pakem ringgit purwa tjaking pakeliran: lampahan Palasara

2261:, who urged his followers to assimilate and take local names. 6541: 6503: 5890: 5625: 5620: 5115: 3475: 3471: 3428: 3366: 3281: 3277: 3217: 3159: 3155: 3143: 3135: 3015: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2928: 2891: 2879: 2867: 2859: 2851: 2735: 2661: 2538: 2490: 2365: 2161: 1201: 975: 905: 881: 628: 506: 197: 155: 148: 71: 63: 4589:"PENDIDIKAN NILAI LUHUR MELALUI TEMBANG (LAGU) DOLANAN ANAK" 3091:

make history essay of themselves to confuse the struggle of

5885: 5865: 5610: 4516:

Marr, David G.; Milner, Anthony Crothers (1 January 1986).

3396:

stayed in the west of the river, in the village of Singkal

3273: 3265: 3237: 3171: 3107:

of their own version, which is different from the original

2931:

tradition. Because these traditions also exist in parts of

2595: 2498: 2415: 2383:

and also his people, and they were very strict believers".

2242: 982: 909: 257: 165: 44: 4569: 3930:"The Strait of Malacca – a historical shipping metropolis" 3808:

Islam in Indonesia: Contrasting Images and Interpretations

2237:

is credited to have settled Chinese Muslim communities in

958:

Despite being one of the most significant developments in

5581:

Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism

2734:

The question is: why in the period of only 40–50 years,

2598:

Muslim teachers, possibly claiming supernatural powers (

2133: 989:. In 1527, the Muslim ruler renamed the newly conquered 831:

Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques

3979:

A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300, 2nd Edition

3865:

Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java

3862:

Ann R. Kinney; Marijke J. Klokke; Lydia Kieven (2003).

3216:

his in which is different from the original version of

2758:

era, society is divided into two major groups, such as

47:. The spread of Islam in Indonesia began in the region. 3617:

Flags of the Sultanates in the East Indies (Indonesia)

3597:") – a Javanese text containing stories of conversion. 4663: 4008:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 3–5. 4114:

Ipenburg, At; Roof, Wade Clark (2011). "Indonesia".

3711: 2521:

Founded around the beginning of the 15th century by

2204:

with similar customs to those he had seen in India.

888:

as early as the 9th century, during the time of the

2516: 2207: 3563:("Malay History") – an Old Malay text, which like 3346:is Ksetralaya, the place today is called Troloyo. 3186:. The proof of this can be seen in Fort Surosowan 4701: 7768: 4718:How Islam came to dominate Indonesia. TRT World. 3349:The ritual ceremony itself was known as Upacara 3311:could only be understood by a poet. But for the 2481:in 1564, requesting Ottoman support against the 3841:. Brill Academic. pp. 3–20, 35–36, 49–51. 3532: 3318:Another example of the Dha'wah of Walisongo is 18:The spread of Islam in Indonesia (1200 to 1600) 5228:Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals 3868:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 21–25. 3326:and then followed by the other Sunans. In the 3272:, which is a grip for every puppet masters in 3037:arrested, his remains were never subject. The 2754:characteristics. For example, until the early 2646:an East Javanese port and marks the burial of 6904: 6029: 4738: 4570:Najawirangka (Mas Ngabei.) (1 January 1966). 3551:text that tells how Islam came to "Samudra" ( 3244:were polygamy. Whereas the original version, 2746:into a new civilization whose roots form the 2485:. The Ottomans then dispatched their admiral 2109: 857: 687: 4255:Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (10 September 2001). 4113: 4001: 3905:"The Trade in Spices | Silk Roads Programme" 3804: 2847:, such practices are called as nonbeliever. 2773:Walisongo, especially Sheikh Siti Jenar and 880:is somewhat unclear. One theory states that 4704:Aspects of Islam in Post-Colonial Indonesia 4519:Southeast Asia in the 9th to 14th Centuries 4258:A History of Modern Indonesia Since C. 1200 3972: 3811:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 109. 3006:a lot of new superstition appears, such as 2970:, Khinnara, Widyadhara, Ilu-Ilu, Dewayoni, 2556: 2360:: "the main states of the northern part of 2278:scholars say that some parts of Java, i.e. 6911: 6897: 6036: 6022: 4745: 4731: 4515: 3995: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3162:. The fact that Japanese bought guns from 2906:, there is a ceremony which is called as " 2671: 2497:, the Ottoman fleet that first arrived in 2386:In Kampong Pande, the tombstone of Sultan 2116: 2102: 943:long before the Portuguese arrived in the 864: 850: 781:Islamization and Turkification of Xinjiang 694: 680: 6660:Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent 4468:(in Indonesian). PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara. 3831: 3547:("The Story of the kings of Pasai") – an 3376:, there is a statue of a character named 2722:Learn how and when to remove this message 2541:, and taken the name Iskandar Shah after 4522:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 4254: 3976: 3888: 3208:", whereas during the Walisongo era is " 2566: 2537:, himself is known to have converted to 2303: 2217: 2132: 31: 4586: 4542: 4387:The Indianized states of Southeast Asia 3949: 3287:In context of literary, the kingdom of 3212:". Walisongo also changed the story of 2253:. These Muslims allegedly followed the 14: 7769: 6918: 5238:Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council 4752: 4374: 4313:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4217:"Zheng He and Islam in Southeast Asia" 4167: 4165: 4163: 3529:, and Brunei and the Malay Peninsula. 786:Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina 6892: 6017: 4726: 4495:(in Indonesian). Penerbit Republika. 4380: 4214: 4086: 4052: 4050: 3372:In the Indonesian National Museum in 3033:because of it. And even after Prince 736:Late Antiquity - Middle Ages - Modern 6489:Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep Turkomans) 6043: 5358:Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party 5233:Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah 4543:Florida, Nancy K. (1 January 1993). 4488: 4461: 4410: 4327: 4056: 2704:adding citations to reliable sources 2675: 939:, which were key commodities in the 4160: 3236:, the eldest brother. Werkudara or 2299: 896:caliphates. Another theory credits 826:Conversion to Islam in U.S. prisons 24: 6970:French and British era (1806–1816) 6494:Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans) 4702:Van Nieuwenhuijze, C.A.O. (1958). 4489:Azra, Azyumardi (1 January 2005). 4047: 4005:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia 3579:conversions are attributed to the 2425:The book of Portuguese apothecary 25: 7808: 6721:Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia 5586:Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya 4869:Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi 4711: 3759:Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia 2563:Islam in East Java § History 2473:(1539–71) sent an embassy to the 2422:whose tombstone is dated (1530). 796:Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia 6112:Second Islamic civil war (Fitna) 4806: 4587:Muljono, Untung (1 March 2012). 4148:. Gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com 3728: 3714: 3695: 3683: 3671: 3659: 3647: 3635: 3623: 2954:'s superstition, there are only 2680: 2575:, the first Muslim state in Java 2525:, the great Malay trading state 2517:East Sumatra and Malay peninsula 2208:Influences of Zheng He's voyages 2128: 2085: 1095: 791:Islamization of the Sudan region 721: 661: 70: 7782:Precolonial states of Indonesia 6990:Liberal democracy era (1950–59) 6107:First Islamic civil war (Fitna) 4657: 4631: 4606: 4580: 4563: 4536: 4509: 4482: 4462:Arif, Mahmud (1 January 2008). 4455: 4430: 4404: 4361: 4348: 4321: 4275: 4248: 4239: 4208: 4138: 4117:Encyclopedia of Global Religion 4107: 4080: 4066:. Mizan Pustaka. pp. 3–4. 4022: 3442: 3166:sourced from the record of the 3111:. For example, the text of the 2943:. In the books of Tradition of 2691:needs additional citations for 2489:he set sail with a force of 22 27:Islamic conversion of Indonesia 7258:People's Consultative Assembly 5591:December 2016 Jakarta protests 5472:Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia 4706:. The Hague: W. van Hoeve Ltd. 4664:Martin van Bruinessen (1995). 4465:Pendidikan Islam transformatif 4390:. University of Hawaii Press. 4358:, vol. 54 (1968), pp. 567-604. 4334:. Mizan Pustaka. p. 169. 3922: 3897: 3882: 3855: 3825: 3798: 3780: 3512: 3353:(the ceremony of five ma, the 3220:. In the Indian version, Five 3095:, especially the followers of 2998:and many other places. In the 2919:). Walisongo who derived from 1798:French and British interregnum 876:The history of the arrival of 821:Conversion to Islam in prisons 13: 1: 7777:History of Islam in Indonesia 7000:Transitional period (1965–66) 6985:National Revolution (1945–49) 6980:Japanese occupation (1942–45) 6975:Dutch East Indies (1800–1942) 6071:Historiography of early Islam 5243:Indonesian Mujahedeen Council 4261:. Stanford University Press. 4215:AQSHA, DARUL (13 July 2010). 3792:www.indonesia-investments.com 3769: 3303:flourished in coastal areas. 3252:. Similarly, in the story of 3025:period, especially after the 2356:'s chronicler and translator 2282:West Java and the kingdom of 6726:Spread of Islam in Indonesia 6003:National Heroes of Indonesia 5929:Islamic criminal law in Aceh 5458:Spread of Islam in Indonesia 5285:Muslim Students' Association 5038:Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi 4593:Jurnal Online ISI Yogyakarta 4245:Nieuwenhuijze (1958), p. 35. 3774: 3533:Indonesian and Malay legends 2611:. The coastal areas such as 2272: 2180:, the first Muslim ruler of 1686:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow 1056:and among some courtiers of 801:Spread of Islam in Indonesia 7: 7366:Water supply and sanitation 6061:Timeline of Islamic history 5924:Islam Yes, Islamic Party No 3893:. Penguin Books. p. 5. 3707: 3690:Flag of Surakarta Sultanate 3384:Witnessing such situation, 3087:Secretly, it turns out the 1193:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms 1024:Dominant kingdoms included 751:Islamic missionary activity 245:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 7813: 6995:Guided Democracy (1959–65) 6960:Portuguese era (1512–1605) 6389:Federation of South Arabia 4830:Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari 4695: 4576:(in Javanese). Mahabarata. 4492:Dari Harvard hingga Makkah 3365:(sexual intercourse), and 2560: 2396:Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam 2371:. In 1414, he visited the 2211: 1867:United States of Indonesia 1704:Chinese Kongsi federations 7787:13th century in Indonesia 7718: 7632: 7567: 7425: 7387: 7378: 7306: 7297: 7162: 7153: 7109:Provincial highest points 7030: 7021: 6930: 6860: 6784: 6713: 6652: 6585: 6532: 6397: 6350:Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo 6295: 6217: 6174: 6120: 6079: 6051: 5988: 5957: 5911: 5851: 5711:Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran 5603: 5571:Maluku sectarian conflict 5536: 5448: 5441: 5429:Mujahidin Indonesia Timur 5396: 5345: 5200: 5193: 5181:Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya 5076: 4993: 4822: 4815: 4804: 4760: 4271:– via Google Books. 4174:The Far Eastern Quarterly 4093:. Routledge. p. 13. 3654:Flag of Mataram Sultanate 3642:Flag of Cirebon Sultanate 3357:), namely Mamsya (meat), 2457:After the arrival of the 2390:, the grandson of Sultan 2018:Javanese historical texts 836:List of converts to Islam 761:Islamization of Jerusalem 756:Islamization of Palestine 37:Baiturrahman Grand Mosque 7167:Administrative divisions 6868:Islamic Republic of Iran 5506:Samudera Pasai Sultanate 5388:United Development Party 5378:Prosperous Justice Party 5368:National Awakening Party 5248:Indonesian Ulema Council 4901:Abdus Samad al-Palimbani 4645:. Nahdlatul Ulama Online 4328:Azra, Azyumardi (2006). 4146:"Geographic Spice Index" 3794:. Indonesia Investments. 3630:Flag of Banten Sultanate 3002:era that detracted from 2557:Central and eastern Java 2527:The Sultanate of Malacca 2479:Suleiman the Magnificent 2241:and along the shores of 2182:Samudera Pasai Sultanate 2138:Samudera Pasai Sultanate 1778:Dutch East India Company 1419:Samudera Pasai Sultanate 1032:, and the sultanates of 811:Islamization in Pakistan 334:Medieval Islamic science 5463:Ottoman embassy to Aceh 5258:Islamic Defenders Front 5223:Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia 5213:Campus Dakwah Institute 3977:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). 3702:Flag of Demak Sultanate 3565:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai 3544:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai 3497:was initiated into the 3204:famous puppet show is " 2672:The Da'wah of Walisongo 2168:and many other spices. 1064:and other areas of the 806:Islamization of Albania 7341:Science and technology 7182:Regencies & Cities 6705:Sultans on the Comoros 6092:Succession to Muhammad 5556:Tanjung Priok massacre 5414:Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid 5373:National Mandate Party 5151:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab 4682:10.3406/arch.1995.3069 3678:Flag of Gowa Sultanate 3666:Flag of Aceh Sultanate 3361:(fish), Madya (wine), 3322:which is developed by 2824:is found in Hinduism. 2627:who was a follower of 2576: 2509:from the ports of the 2317: 2231: 2141: 1829:Emergence of Indonesia 985:fell to the Islamised 914:religions in Indonesia 884:arrived directly from 344:Succession to Muhammad 48: 6950:Hinduism-Buddhism era 6842:Sultanate of Zanzibar 6761:Maguindanao Sultanate 6695:Muzaffarids (Gujarat) 6565:Expansion into Europe 6372:Mamluk dynasty (Iraq) 5263:Liberal Islam Network 5253:Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya 5028:Muhammad Jamil Jambek 4943:Maulana Malik Ibrahim 4549:. SEAP Publications. 4002:Audrey Kahin (2015). 3981:. London: MacMillan. 3134:'s heritage, such as 2570: 2561:Further information: 2352:a written account by 2307: 2221: 2214:Ming treasure voyages 2178:Sultan Malik al Saleh 2136: 1884:Republic of Indonesia 1750:European colonization 1649:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 771:Islamization of Egypt 766:Islamization of Syria 35: 7084:Environmental issues 6822:Sultanate of Bagirmi 6189:Caliphate of Córdoba 5998:History of Indonesia 5993:Mosques in Indonesia 5521:Yogyakarta Sultanate 5086:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif 5023:Tahir bin Jalaluddin 5008:Abdul Karim Amrullah 3754:Mosques in Indonesia 3749:History of Indonesia 3485:In his study of the 3291:had already created 3248:polyandry with five 2811:Walisongo sees that 2700:improve this article 2631:, the envoy sent by 2410:, buried (1497) and 2156:commodities such as 2092:Indonesia portal 1713:Heshun Confederation 1629:Yogyakarta Sultanate 1559:Kalinyamat Sultanate 1529:Sultanate of Jailolo 1499:Sultanate of Ternate 1212:Tarumanagara Kingdom 776:Islamization of Iran 383:Association football 7005:New Order (1966–98) 6965:VOC era (1603–1800) 6837:Sultanate of Darfur 6807:Sultanate of Dahlak 6604:Khwarazmian dynasty 6599:Kara-Khanid Khanate 6459:Khwarazmian dynasty 6310:Early Islamic Syria 5561:Talangsari incident 5353:Crescent Star Party 5111:Abdullah Gymnastiar 4688:on 26 October 2009. 3603:Confession of Faith 3178:newly arrived from 2927:tradition, nor the 2793:), saya or sahaya ( 2501:consisted of a few 2495:Fernão Mendes Pinto 2487:Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis 1857:National Revolution 1847:Japanese occupation 1733:Santiaogou Republic 1599:Palembang Sultanate 1519:Sultanate of Tidore 1389:Peureulak Sultanate 1322:Dharmasraya Kingdom 816:Conversion to Islam 709:Part of a series on 144:Profession of Faith 117:Day of Resurrection 7797:13th-century Islam 7351:Telecommunications 7062:Biosphere reserves 6797:Sultanate of Aussa 6479:Jalairid Sultanate 6407:Iranian Intermezzo 6161:Islamic Golden Age 6141:Abbasid Revolution 6131:Rashidun Caliphate 5566:Insurgency in Aceh 5486:Kingdom of Kaimana 5268:Majelis Rasulullah 5048:Sulaiman ar-Rasuli 4980:Burhanuddin Ulakan 4884:Tuanku Imam Bonjol 4859:Yusuf al-Makassari 4754:Islam in Indonesia 4411:Borohhov, Dmitri. 3935:World Ocean Review 3744:Islam in Indonesia 3431:without violence. 2950:In the history of 2797:): hamba or ambo ( 2577: 2531:Sultan Parameswara 2523:Sultan Parameswara 2402:whose capital was 2318: 2232: 2142: 1936:1998–present 1837:National Awakening 1667:Christian kingdoms 1633:1755–present 1623:1745–present 1619:Surakarta Sunanate 1589:Kingdom of Kaimana 1543:1526–present 1509:Sultanate of Bacan 1429:Pagaruyung Kingdom 1370:Islamic sultanates 1262:Shailendra Dynasty 1060:; and the 15th in 960:Indonesian history 920:(particularly its 878:Islam in Indonesia 49: 7764: 7763: 7714: 7713: 7402:Human trafficking 7374: 7373: 7293: 7292: 7284:Wawasan Nusantara 7268:Political parties 7209:Foreign relations 7149: 7148: 6886: 6885: 6878:Sultanate of Oman 6873:Pakistan Movement 6832:Sultanate of Adal 6817:Sultanate of Ifat 6792:Angoche Sultanate 6776:Mataram Sultanate 6771:Ternate Sultanate 6746:Malacca Sultanate 6700:Gujarat Sultanate 6690:Jaunpur Sultanate 6685:Bahmani Sultanate 6675:Deccan sultanates 6555:Anatolian beyliks 6325:Ikhshidid dynasty 6277:Marinid Sultanate 6267:Almohad Caliphate 6262:Almoravid dynasty 6204:Marinid Sultanate 6199:Almohad Caliphate 6194:Almoravid dynasty 6156:Fatimid Caliphate 6146:Abbasid Caliphate 6136:Umayyad Caliphate 6011: 6010: 5902:Tafsir Al-Mishbah 5599: 5598: 5551:Petition of Fifty 5511:Ternate Sultanate 5501:Mataram Sultanate 5496:Malacca Sultanate 5437: 5436: 5346:Political parties 5332:Sumatera Thawalib 5322:Rabithah Alawiyah 5189: 5188: 5176:Abdurrahman Wahid 5131:Nurcholish Madjid 4970:Ali Mughayat Syah 4965:Abdurrauf Singkil 4938:Sunan Gunung Jati 4874:Abdullah al-Misri 4842:Nawawi al-Bantani 4131:978-0-7619-2729-7 4122:SAGE Publications 4100:978-1-317-65592-3 4073:978-979-433-430-0 4015:978-0-8108-7456-5 3875:978-0-8248-2779-3 3097:Prince Diponegoro 2732: 2731: 2724: 2483:Portuguese Empire 2471:Alauddin al-Kahar 2420:Ali Mughayat Syah 2414:, buried (1511). 2373:Malacca Sultanate 2312:with traditional 2150:Abbasid Caliphate 2126: 2125: 1940: 1939: 1892:Liberal democracy 1875: 1874: 1820: 1819: 1808:Dutch East Indies 1741: 1740: 1694: 1693: 1676:Larantuka Kingdom 1657: 1656: 1569:Mataram Sultanate 1469:Cirebon Sultanate 1449:Malacca Sultanate 1409:Ternate Sultanate 1360: 1359: 1342:Singhasari Empire 1336:1000s–1300s 1302:Kahuripan Kingdom 1183: 1182: 874: 873: 704: 703: 16:(Redirected from 7804: 7734: 7727: 7385: 7384: 7304: 7303: 7246:National capital 7160: 7159: 7028: 7027: 6913: 6906: 6899: 6890: 6889: 6847:Sokoto Caliphate 6756:Banten Sultanate 6736:Brunei Sultanate 6670:Bengal Sultanate 6639:Khanate of Sibir 6634:Khanate of Khiva 6629:Khanate of Kazan 6609:Chagatai Khanate 6550:Sultanate of Rum 6509:Afsharid dynasty 6422:Saffarid dynasty 6320:Hamdanid dynasty 6282:Wattasid dynasty 6237:Rustamid dynasty 6102:Muslim conquests 6045:History of Islam 6038: 6031: 6024: 6015: 6014: 5980:Central Sulawesi 5822: 5805: 5778: 5766: 5675: 5634:Babad Tanah Jawi 5516:Tidore Sultanate 5446: 5445: 5419:Jamaah Islamiyah 5337:Wahdah Islamiyah 5307:Nahdlatul Wathan 5198: 5197: 5166:Said Aqil Siradj 5096:Abu Bakar Bashir 4909: 4850: 4838: 4820: 4819: 4810: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4724: 4723: 4707: 4690: 4689: 4684:. Archived from 4661: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4378: 4372: 4365: 4359: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4312: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4294: 4288:. Archived from 4287: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4252: 4246: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4223:. Archived from 4221:The Brunei Times 4212: 4206: 4205: 4169: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4054: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4026: 4020: 4019: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3974: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3784: 3738: 3733: 3732: 3731: 3724: 3722:Indonesia portal 3719: 3718: 3717: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3663: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3585:("nine saints"). 3572:Babad Tanah Jawi 3495:Sunan Gunungjati 3487:Banten Sultanate 3435:the majority of 3232:was the wife of 3117:Kingdom of Sunda 3109:Babad Tanah Jawi 3105:Babad Tanah Jawi 2727: 2720: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2684: 2676: 2579:Inscriptions in 2571:Grand Mosque of 2300:Northern Sumatra 2267:trilingual stele 2118: 2111: 2104: 2090: 2089: 2088: 1902:Guided Democracy 1888: 1887: 1833: 1832: 1754: 1753: 1723:Lanfang Republic 1709: 1708: 1672: 1671: 1593:1600s–1926 1583:1528s–1877 1549:Banjar Sultanate 1539:Banten Sultanate 1523:1500s–1967 1439:Brunei Sultanate 1375: 1374: 1352:Majapahit Empire 1252:Srivijaya Empire 1232:Kalingga Kingdom 1198: 1197: 1165:Toba catastrophe 1148:94,000–12,000 BP 1119: 1118: 1099: 1089: 1071: 1070: 866: 859: 852: 725: 706: 705: 696: 689: 682: 668:Islam portal 666: 665: 664: 74: 51: 50: 21: 7812: 7811: 7807: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7801: 7792:Spread of Islam 7767: 7766: 7765: 7760: 7737: 7730: 7723: 7710: 7701:Personification 7628: 7563: 7544:Public holidays 7529:National heroes 7421: 7370: 7289: 7145: 7114:Natural history 7017: 6955:Spread of Islam 6926: 6917: 6887: 6882: 6856: 6780: 6741:Johor Sultanate 6731:Kedah Sultanate 6709: 6665:Delhi Sultanate 6648: 6644:Crimean Khanate 6581: 6528: 6524:Pahlavi dynasty 6499:Safavid dynasty 6484:Timurid dynasty 6432:Ziyarid dynasty 6412:Tahirid dynasty 6393: 6384:Mahra Sultanate 6345:Ayyubid dynasty 6330:Uqaylid dynasty 6305:Muslim conquest 6291: 6247:Idrisid dynasty 6227:Muslim conquest 6213: 6184:Muslim conquest 6170: 6116: 6075: 6047: 6042: 6012: 6007: 5984: 5953: 5939:Jemaah Tarbiyah 5934:Jama’ah Tabligh 5919:Islam Nusantara 5907: 5847: 5816: 5799: 5772: 5760: 5704:Istiqlal Mosque 5669: 5595: 5546:Jakarta Charter 5538: 5532: 5481:Demak Sultanate 5450: 5433: 5392: 5341: 5290:Nahdlatul Ulama 5185: 5141:Mohammad Natsir 5078: 5072: 4995: 4989: 4985:Usman bin Yahya 4903: 4894:Tuanku Tambusai 4844: 4832: 4811: 4802: 4756: 4751: 4714: 4698: 4693: 4662: 4658: 4648: 4646: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4622: 4620: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4597: 4595: 4585: 4581: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4541: 4537: 4530: 4514: 4510: 4503: 4487: 4483: 4476: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4436: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4379: 4375: 4366: 4362: 4353: 4349: 4342: 4326: 4322: 4306: 4305: 4298: 4296: 4295:on 25 June 2013 4292: 4285: 4283:"Archived copy" 4281: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4213: 4209: 4186:10.2307/2049278 4170: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4124:. p. 558. 4112: 4108: 4101: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4058:Azra, Azyumardi 4055: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3975: 3950: 3940: 3938: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3803: 3799: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3772: 3764:Spread of Islam 3734: 3729: 3727: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3703: 3700: 3691: 3688: 3679: 3676: 3667: 3664: 3655: 3652: 3643: 3640: 3631: 3628: 3619: 3535: 3515: 3445: 3224:have one wife, 2902:At the time of 2804:At the time of 2728: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2697: 2685: 2674: 2618:Demak Sultanate 2565: 2559: 2519: 2505:and largely of 2302: 2275: 2247:Malay Peninsula 2216: 2210: 2131: 2122: 2086: 2084: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2075: 1987: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1952: 1942: 1941: 1926:1967–1998 1916:1966–1967 1906:1959–1966 1896:1950–1959 1885: 1877: 1876: 1871:1949–1950 1861:1945–1949 1851:1942–1945 1841:1908–1942 1830: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1815:1945–1949 1814: 1813:1800–1942 1802:1806–1816 1792:1685–1824 1782:1602–1799 1772:1521–1677 1762:1512–1850 1751: 1743: 1742: 1737:1777–1853 1727:1777–1884 1717:1776–1854 1706: 1696: 1695: 1669: 1659: 1658: 1653:1824–1911 1643:1814–1946 1613:1725–1946 1603:1659–1823 1579:Johor Sultanate 1573:1586–1755 1563:1527–1599 1553:1526–1863 1533:1496–1903 1513:1515–1946 1503:1486–1914 1493:1496–1903 1483:1475–1554 1479:Demak Sultanate 1473:1445–1677 1463:1405–1851 1453:1400–1511 1443:1368–1888 1433:1347–1833 1423:1267–1521 1413:1257–1914 1403:1225–1613 1379:Spread of Islam 1372: 1362: 1361: 1356:1293–1527 1346:1222–1292 1326:1183–1347 1316:1045–1221 1306:1019–1045 1272:Mataram Kingdom 1195: 1185: 1184: 1116: 1087: 1080: 1066:Malay Peninsula 1052:, the southern 987:Demak Sultanate 924:tradition) and 870: 841: 840: 746:Spread of Islam 733: 700: 662: 660: 653: 652: 597:Other religions 592:Arabic language 554: 544: 543: 472:Moral teachings 363: 349: 348: 339:Spread of Islam 284: 274: 273: 261:(jurisprudence) 243:Qisas al-Anbiya 192: 191: 171: 170: 139: 129: 128: 84: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7810: 7800: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7736: 7735: 7728: 7720: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7686:Floral emblems 7683: 7682: 7681: 7671: 7669:Faunal emblems 7666: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7649: 7644: 7638: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7584: 7579: 7573: 7571: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7431: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7388: 7382: 7376: 7375: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7346:Stock Exchange 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7280: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7248: 7243: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7226: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7190: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7067:National parks 7064: 7054: 7053: 7052: 7050:Climate change 7042: 7037: 7031: 7025: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6936: 6934: 6928: 6927: 6916: 6915: 6908: 6901: 6893: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6854: 6852:Songhai Empire 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6812:Funj Sultanate 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6766:Sulu Sultanate 6763: 6758: 6753: 6751:Aceh Sultanate 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6717: 6715: 6714:Southeast Asia 6711: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6624:Kazakh Khanate 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6595: 6593: 6591:Eastern Europe 6583: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6577:Southern Italy 6574: 6569: 6568: 6567: 6560:Ottoman Empire 6557: 6552: 6546: 6544: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6449:Ghurid dynasty 6446: 6441: 6440: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6427:Samanid Empire 6424: 6419: 6414: 6403: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6367:Ottoman Empire 6364: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6347: 6342: 6340:Zengid dynasty 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6301: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6272:Hafsid dynasty 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6223: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6211: 6209:Nasrid dynasty 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6180: 6178: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6127: 6125: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6041: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6018: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5949:Traditionalist 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5915: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5855: 5853: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5823: 5811: 5806: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5767: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5737:Sejarah Banten 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5664: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5637: 5630: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5613: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5542: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5491:Gowa Sultanate 5488: 5483: 5478: 5476:Aceh Sultanate 5470: 5465: 5460: 5454: 5452: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5287: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5204: 5202: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5156:Quraish Shihab 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5136:Harun Nasution 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5106:Djohan Effendi 5103: 5098: 5093: 5091:Azyumardi Azra 5088: 5082: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5013:Hasyim Asy'ari 5010: 5005: 5003:Abdullah Ahmad 4999: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4975:Tuanku Nan Tuo 4972: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4948:Sunan Kalijaga 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4910: 4898: 4897: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4854:Hamzah Fansuri 4851: 4839: 4826: 4824: 4817: 4813: 4812: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4782:Old divisions 4780: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4750: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4713: 4712:External links 4710: 4709: 4708: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4691: 4656: 4630: 4605: 4579: 4562: 4555: 4535: 4528: 4508: 4501: 4481: 4474: 4454: 4429: 4403: 4396: 4373: 4360: 4347: 4340: 4320: 4274: 4267: 4247: 4238: 4207: 4159: 4137: 4130: 4106: 4099: 4079: 4072: 4046: 4021: 4014: 3994: 3987: 3948: 3921: 3896: 3889:Giles Milton. 3881: 3874: 3854: 3847: 3824: 3817: 3797: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3725: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3701: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3599: 3598: 3590:Sejarah Banten 3586: 3568: 3560:Sejarah Melayu 3556: 3534: 3531: 3514: 3511: 3444: 3441: 3408:). Therefore, 3284:by Walisongo. 3125:Diponegoro War 3027:Diponegoro War 2775:Sunan Kalijaga 2730: 2729: 2688: 2686: 2679: 2673: 2670: 2633:Yongle Emperor 2558: 2555: 2518: 2515: 2301: 2298: 2274: 2271: 2226:commemorating 2209: 2206: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2120: 2113: 2106: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2081: 2080: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1707: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1670: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1639:Deli Sultanate 1635: 1634: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1609:Siak Sultanate 1605: 1604: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1489:Aceh Sultanate 1485: 1484: 1481: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1459:Sulu Sultanate 1455: 1454: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1393:840–1292 1391: 1385: 1384: 1383:800–1600 1381: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1332:Pannai Kingdom 1328: 1327: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1312:Kediri Kingdom 1308: 1307: 1304: 1298: 1297: 1296:932–1579 1294: 1288: 1287: 1286:914–1908 1284: 1278: 1277: 1276:716–1016 1274: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1242:Melayu Kingdom 1238: 1237: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1196: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1158: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1117: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1092: 1091: 1082: 1081: 1074: 1042:Maluku Islands 953:Imperial China 872: 871: 869: 868: 861: 854: 846: 843: 842: 839: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 734: 731: 730: 727: 726: 718: 717: 711: 710: 702: 701: 699: 698: 691: 684: 676: 673: 672: 671: 670: 655: 654: 651: 650: 644: 643: 642: 641: 636: 626: 621: 620: 619: 614: 604: 599: 594: 588: 587: 586: 585: 580: 575: 567: 566: 561: 555: 552:Related topics 550: 549: 546: 545: 542: 541: 536: 534:Social welfare 531: 526: 525: 524: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 428: 427: 422: 412: 411: 410: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 364: 355: 354: 351: 350: 347: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 320: 319: 312: 305: 297: 296: 291: 285: 280: 279: 276: 275: 272: 271: 263: 254: 253: 247: 239: 231: 222: 221: 201: 193: 190: 189: 184: 178: 177: 176: 173: 172: 169: 168: 163: 158: 152: 151: 146: 140: 135: 134: 131: 130: 127: 126: 124:Predestination 120: 119: 114: 108: 107: 105:Revealed Books 102: 96: 95: 85: 80: 79: 76: 75: 67: 66: 60: 59: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7809: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7733: 7729: 7726: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7582:Ethnic groups 7580: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7566: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7458: 7457: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7436: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7424: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7377: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7296: 7286: 7285: 7281: 7278: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7253: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7221: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7168: 7165: 7164: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7152: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7074:Deforestation 7072: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7055: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7020: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6914: 6909: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861:Modern states 6859: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6712: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6680:Mughal Empire 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6519:Qajar dynasty 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6438: 6437:Buyid dynasty 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6396: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6361: 6360:Burji dynasty 6358: 6356: 6355:Bahri dynasty 6353: 6352: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6287:Saadi dynasty 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6257:Muslim Sicily 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6232:Berber Revolt 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6167: 6166:Sunni Revival 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6151:Shi'a Century 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6119: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6039: 6034: 6032: 6027: 6025: 6020: 6019: 6016: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5850: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5803: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5782:Tabligh Akbar 5780: 5776: 5771: 5768: 5764: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5738: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5602: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5447: 5444: 5440: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5363:Masyumi Party 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5327:Sarekat Islam 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201:Civil society 5199: 5196: 5194:Organizations 5192: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5126:Kartosoewirjo 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5068:Tjokroaminoto 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5053:Mohammad Roem 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4996:Awakening era 4992: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4914: 4911: 4907: 4902: 4899: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4840: 4836: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4816:Major figures 4814: 4809: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4748: 4743: 4741: 4736: 4734: 4729: 4728: 4725: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4705: 4700: 4699: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4619: 4615: 4609: 4594: 4590: 4583: 4575: 4574: 4566: 4558: 4556:9780877276036 4552: 4548: 4547: 4539: 4531: 4529:9789971988395 4525: 4521: 4520: 4512: 4504: 4502:9789793210520 4498: 4494: 4493: 4485: 4477: 4475:9789791283403 4471: 4467: 4466: 4458: 4443: 4439: 4433: 4418: 4414: 4407: 4399: 4397:9780824803681 4393: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4382:Cœdès, George 4377: 4370: 4364: 4357: 4351: 4343: 4341:9789794334300 4337: 4333: 4332: 4324: 4316: 4310: 4291: 4284: 4278: 4270: 4268:9780804744805 4264: 4260: 4259: 4251: 4242: 4227:on 9 May 2013 4226: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4147: 4141: 4133: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4110: 4102: 4096: 4092: 4091: 4083: 4075: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4053: 4051: 4035: 4034:en.unesco.org 4031: 4025: 4017: 4011: 4007: 4006: 3998: 3990: 3988:0-333-57689-6 3984: 3980: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3925: 3910: 3909:en.unesco.org 3906: 3900: 3892: 3885: 3877: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3858: 3850: 3848:90-04-04330-6 3844: 3840: 3839: 3834: 3828: 3820: 3818:9789089644237 3814: 3810: 3809: 3801: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3779: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3726: 3723: 3712: 3698: 3693: 3686: 3681: 3674: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3633: 3626: 3621: 3620: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3593:("History of 3592: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3539: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3505:, orders of 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3454:reports that 3453: 3452:Suma Oriental 3449: 3440: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3336:Goddess Durga 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2996:Pacific Ocean 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2966:, Gandharwa, 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2726: 2723: 2715: 2712:November 2019 2705: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2689:This section 2687: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2654: 2649: 2648:Malik Ibrahim 2645: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2408:Muzaffar Syah 2405: 2404:Bandar Lamuri 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2377:Iskandar Shah 2374: 2370: 2367: 2364:were already 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2326:North Sumatra 2323: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2270: 2268: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2139: 2135: 2129:Early history 2119: 2114: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2083: 2082: 2076: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1983: 1982: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1881: 1880: 1870: 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5616:Architecture 5539:independence 5457: 5451:independence 5424:Laskar Jihad 5273:Muhammadiyah 5218:Hidayatullah 5121:Wahid Hasyim 5101:Idham Chalid 5079:independence 5043:Haji Misbach 5018:Ahmad Dahlan 4928:Sunan Drajat 4923:Sunan Bonang 4864:Malikussaleh 4703: 4686:the original 4673: 4669: 4659: 4647:. 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Retrieved 3908: 3899: 3890: 3884: 3864: 3857: 3837: 3827: 3807: 3800: 3791: 3782: 3736:Islam portal 3600: 3588: 3580: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3542: 3536: 3516: 3484: 3451: 3446: 3443:Western Java 3433: 3421:Panchamakara 3414: 3410:Sunan Bonang 3406:Panchamakara 3394:Sunan Bonang 3386:Sunan Bonang 3383: 3378:Adityawarman 3371: 3351:Panchamakara 3348: 3340:Goddess Kali 3324:Sunan Bonang 3317: 3286: 3234:Yudhishthira 3210:Wayang Kulit 3206:Wayang Beber 3200: 3129: 3113:Kidung Sunda 3086: 3055: 3030: 3020: 2949: 2933:Central Asia 2901: 2884: 2864: 2849: 2826: 2810: 2803: 2783: 2772: 2764: 2733: 2718: 2709: 2698:Please help 2693:verification 2690: 2651: 2641: 2636: 2622: 2606: 2599: 2589: 2581:Old Javanese 2578: 2520: 2511:Indian Ocean 2456: 2441: 2424: 2385: 2375:, its ruler 2349: 2319: 2316:architecture 2310:West Sumatra 2291: 2276: 2263: 2233: 2170: 2147: 2143: 2074: 2033:Christianity 1378: 1282:Bali Kingdom 1175:Buni culture 1153: 1138:1,000,000 BP 1122: 1030:Central Java 1023: 999: 991:Sunda Kelapa 972:Islamization 957: 949:Muslim world 930: 875: 800: 741:Islamization 735: 715:Islamization 624:Islamophobia 403:Demographics 398:Circumcision 314: 307: 300: 266: 258: 242: 234: 226: 215: 209: 203: 196: 29: 7679:Subdivision 7662:Subdivision 7624:LGBT rights 7559:Video games 7311:Agriculture 7229:Enforcement 7079:Earthquakes 6945:Prehistoric 6827:Mali Empire 6619:Nogai Horde 6469:Muzaffarids 6252:Muhallabids 6066:Shi'a Imams 5881:Kota santri 5817: [ 5800: [ 5773: [ 5761: [ 5670: [ 5409:Darul Islam 5383:Ummah Party 5171:Abdul Somad 5161:Ma'ruf Amin 5058:Rasuna Said 5033:Mas Mansoer 4958:Sunan Murya 4953:Sunan Kudus 4918:Sunan Ampel 4904: [ 4845: [ 4833: [ 4823:Classic era 4676:: 165–200. 4649:24 February 4623:25 February 4618:Dream.co.id 4598:24 February 4447:20 November 4442:Banglapedia 4422:20 November 4367:Ma Huan’s, 4152:19 November 3513:Other areas 3214:Mahabharata 3174:. When the 3158:, and even 2833:sarcophagus 2799:Minangkabau 2547:Hui-Chinese 2543:the arrival 2535:Parameswara 2529:founded by 2463:spice trade 2452:Minangkabau 2412:Ma’ruf Syah 2400:Indra Purba 2388:Firman Syah 2336:(northeast 2322:Minye Tujoh 2314:Minangkabau 2259:Yan Ying Yu 2251:Philippines 2190:Ibn Battuta 2154:spice trade 1998:Archaeology 1993:Agriculture 1399:Aru Kingdom 1124:Paleolithic 1086:History of 1054:Philippines 1003:Ibn Battuta 941:spice trade 639:Laws of war 302:Ahl al-Bayt 187:Foundations 7771:Categories 7657:Historical 7592:Healthcare 7539:Properties 7504:Literature 7456:Rumah adat 7316:Automotive 7224:Censorship 7172:Historical 6653:South Asia 6444:Ghaznavids 6176:Al-Andalus 6123:caliphates 6080:600–700 AD 5748:Serak Gulo 5726:Sholawatan 5576:Poso riots 5468:Wali Sanga 5208:Alkhairaat 5146:Amien Rais 5063:Agus Salim 4933:Sunan Giri 4913:Wali Sanga 4889:Tuanku Rao 4768:Shia Islam 4299:31 January 3770:References 3582:Wali Sanga 3458:-speaking 3437:Indonesian 3328:Tantrayana 3176:Portuguese 3168:Portuguese 3103:even made 3035:Diponegoro 3012:kuntilanak 2941:Kazakhstan 2937:Uzbekistan 2935:, such as 2653:Wali Sanga 2459:Portuguese 2427:Tomé Pires 2392:Johan Syah 2369:Sultanates 2334:Terengganu 2308:Mosque in 2293:Wali Sanga 2249:, and the 2222:Stamps of 2212:See also: 2202:Al-Shafi‘i 2174:Marco Polo 2055:Mass media 1932:Reform era 1912:Transition 1758:Portuguese 1144:Flores Man 1114:Prehistory 1021:and Java. 1015:sultanates 1011:Marco Polo 981:empire in 968:be assumed 492:Philosophy 229:(exegesis) 166:Pilgrimage 156:Almsgiving 41:Banda Aceh 7696:Nusantara 7604:Languages 7577:Education 7524:Mythology 7494:Festivals 7361:Transport 7273:President 7252:Pancasila 7204:Elections 7187:Districts 7177:Provinces 7141:Volcanoes 7104:Mountains 7023:Geography 7011:Reformasi 6920:Indonesia 6474:Chobanids 6464:Ilkhanate 6242:Aghlabids 5975:East Java 5958:By region 5944:Modernist 5912:Movements 5896:Pesantren 5852:Education 5833:Wetu Telu 5827:Tombo Ati 5814:Tirakatan 5689:Manakiban 5528:Padri War 4994:National 4773:Ahmadiyya 4643:NU Online 4438:"Upavasa" 4202:161399511 3833:Jan Gonda 3775:Citations 3607:syncretic 3549:Old Malay 3460:West Java 3456:Sundanese 3439:Muslims. 3344:Majapahit 3289:Majapahit 3202:Majapahit 3132:Majapahit 3121:Majapahit 3082:Majapahit 3078:Indonesia 3066:Majapahit 3062:Majapahit 3060:attacked 3047:East Java 2972:Banaspati 2964:Rakshasha 2962:, Wiwil, 2952:Majapahit 2904:Majapahit 2806:Majapahit 2791:Sundanese 2789:), abdi ( 2779:Musharaka 2768:Majapahit 2760:Majapahit 2750:but with 2748:Majapahit 2744:Majapahit 2668:in 1520. 2658:Majapahit 2592:Majapahit 2444:Palembang 2342:East Java 2288:Pajajaran 2284:Majapahit 2280:Sundanese 2273:By region 2239:Palembang 2224:Indonesia 2013:Education 1922:New Order 1690:1670–1950 1680:1515–1904 1266:600s–900s 1256:600s–1025 1246:600s–1347 1236:500s–600s 1226:400s-500s 1216:400s–500s 1169:75,000 BP 1155:Neolithic 1088:Indonesia 1058:East Java 979:Majapahit 612:terrorism 564:Criticism 517:Sexuality 487:Mysticism 457:Festivals 437:Education 432:Economics 368:Academics 324:Caliphate 137:Practices 7741:Category 7614:Refugees 7609:Religion 7534:Painting 7445:Colonial 7392:Abortion 7321:Aviation 7236:Military 7155:Politics 6940:Timeline 6924:articles 6802:Dar Sila 6534:Anatolia 6335:Crusades 6315:Tulunids 6097:Rashidun 6087:Muhammad 5860:Al-Munir 5838:Yaqowiyu 5809:Tausiyah 5797:Takbiran 5792:Tahlilan 5753:Slametan 5640:Costumes 5295:GP Ansor 5278:Aisyiyah 4761:Branches 4670:Archipel 4384:(1968). 4309:cite web 4060:(2006). 3835:(1975). 3708:See also 3611:Malaysia 3577:Javanese 3503:Shattari 3491:tarekats 3464:Javanese 3425:Slametan 3417:Slametan 3402:Slametan 3363:Maithuna 3320:Slametan 3254:Ramayana 3250:Pandavas 3246:Draupadi 3242:Pandavas 3230:Draupadi 3226:Draupadi 3222:Pandavas 3074:Soeharto 2925:Javanese 2872:Buddhism 2841:dynamism 2817:Buddhism 2813:Hinduism 2795:Sumatran 2787:Javanese 2629:Zheng He 2613:Surabaya 2585:Javanese 2551:Zheng He 2549:Admiral 2467:Acehnese 2354:Zheng He 2346:Sanskrit 2338:Malaysia 2235:Zheng He 2228:Zheng He 2194:Moroccan 2166:galangal 2060:Military 2038:Hinduism 2028:Buddhism 2023:Religion 2003:Currency 1986:By topic 1206:350–1605 1134:Java Man 1105:Timeline 1077:a series 1075:Part of 1007:Zheng He 926:Buddhism 922:Shaivism 918:Hinduism 908:or from 648:Glossary 634:Jihadism 607:Violence 602:Islamism 573:Muhammad 559:Apostasy 502:Politics 452:Feminism 447:Exorcism 408:Diaspora 393:Children 388:Calendar 316:Rashidun 294:Muhammad 289:Timeline 250:Mathnawi 112:Prophets 56:a series 54:Part of 7751:Gallery 7725:Outline 7647:Costume 7634:Symbols 7554:Theatre 7499:Legends 7484:Cuisine 7479:Costume 7450:Mosques 7427:Culture 7417:Smoking 7380:Society 7356:Tourism 7336:History 7299:Economy 7240:Babinsa 7194:Cabinet 7131:Regions 7094:Islands 7089:Geology 7045:Climate 7035:Borders 6932:History 6538:Balkans 6417:Alavids 6379:Kathiri 6297:Mashriq 6219:Maghreb 6056:Leaders 5843:Yasinan 5770:Suronan 5743:Sekaten 5716:Qasidah 5699:Mosques 5684:Lebaran 5650:Songkok 5604:Culture 5442:History 5397:Militia 4791:Priyayi 4786:Abangan 4778:Kejawèn 4696:Sources 4194:2049278 4039:29 June 3941:29 June 3914:29 June 3519:Ternate 3472:Indians 3398:Nganjuk 3374:Jakarta 3332:Tantric 3313:Tembang 3305:Kakawin 3301:Macapat 3293:Kakawin 3262:Hanuman 3258:Hanuman 3184:Malacca 3152:Malacca 3093:Muslims 3031:Guldens 3000:Islamic 2960:Pisacas 2917:Sraddha 2908:Sraddha 2897:Gus Dur 2888:fasting 2845:Ma Huan 2837:animism 2829:menhirs 2822:Brahman 2752:Islamic 2625:Ma Huan 2601:keramat 2545:of the 2507:Muslims 2477:Sultan 2475:Ottoman 2469:Sultan 2366:Islamic 2362:Sumatra 2358:Ma Huan 2186:Shafi'i 2048:Judaism 2008:Economy 1973:Bandung 1958:Jakarta 1950:Regions 1788:British 1768:Spanish 1222:Kantoli 1179:400 BCE 1062:Malacca 1040:in the 1034:Ternate 1026:Mataram 1019:Sumatra 995:Jakarta 964:Muslims 902:Gujarat 894:Abbasid 890:Umayyad 529:Slavery 512:Science 467:Madrasa 462:Finance 373:Animals 361:society 357:Culture 329:Imamate 309:Sahabah 282:History 252:(Poems) 237:(creed) 161:Fasting 89:Oneness 82:Beliefs 7746:Portal 7652:Emblem 7642:Anthem 7587:Health 7474:Cinema 7407:Piracy 7331:Energy 7263:Police 7136:Rivers 7040:Cities 6922: 6785:Africa 6572:Bosnia 6454:Seljuk 6399:Persia 6121:Early 5787:Tabuik 5758:Suroan 5721:Rebana 5694:Maulid 5679:Kauman 5662:Hadroh 5655:Sarong 5645:Kupiah 5404:Banser 5312:PERSIS 5300:JATMAN 4796:Santri 4553: 4526: 4499: 4472: 4417:Ananda 4394: 4338: 4265: 4200: 4192: 4128: 4097: 4070: 4012: 3985: 3872: 3845: 3815: 3595:Banten 3527:Maluku 3523:Tidore 3507:sufism 3501:, and 3480:Malays 3468:Kediri 3390:Kediri 3359:Matsya 3355:malima 3309:Kidung 3297:Kidung 3192:Jepara 3188:Banten 3180:Europe 3144:arrows 3140:spears 3099:. The 3070:Kediri 3051:Kediri 3008:pocong 3004:Champa 2992:Arabia 2988:Africa 2945:Champa 2921:Champa 2912:Banawa 2876:Masjid 2856:tawhid 2740:Da'wah 2644:Gresik 2465:, the 2381:Muslim 2340:) and 2330:Brunei 2255:Hanafi 2245:, the 2198:Muslim 2162:cloves 2158:nutmeg 1079:on the 1050:Brunei 1046:Malaya 1038:Tidore 1009:, and 937:cloves 933:nutmeg 910:Persia 886:Arabia 583:Hadith 497:Poetry 477:Mosque 442:Ethics 267:Sharia 235:Aqidah 227:Tafsir 211:Hadith 205:Sunnah 149:Prayer 100:Angels 7756:Atlas 7732:Index 7706:Songs 7691:Motto 7619:Women 7549:Sport 7519:Music 7514:Media 7489:Dance 7469:Batik 7440:Candi 7397:Crime 7326:Banks 7124:Flora 7119:Fauna 7099:Lakes 6542:Italy 6504:Hotak 5891:LIPIA 5821:] 5804:] 5777:] 5765:] 5731:Saman 5674:] 5667:Khaul 5626:Tajug 5621:Bedug 5537:Post- 5317:PERTI 5116:Hamka 5077:Post- 4908:] 4879:Padri 4849:] 4837:] 4356:BEFEO 4293:(PDF) 4286:(PDF) 4198:S2CID 4190:JSTOR 3553:Pasai 3499:Kubra 3476:Arabs 3448:Pires 3429:Islam 3367:Mudra 3282:Islam 3278:India 3218:India 3196:bedil 3164:Demak 3160:Japan 3156:Pasai 3148:Demak 3136:keris 3101:Dutch 3089:Dutch 3058:Demak 3039:Dutch 3023:Dutch 3016:tuyul 2984:China 2980:India 2976:Japan 2968:Bhuta 2956:Yaksa 2929:Hindu 2892:Siyam 2880:Islam 2868:Hindu 2860:Islam 2852:Islam 2756:Demak 2736:Islam 2666:Demak 2662:Hindu 2573:Demak 2539:Islam 2503:Turks 2491:ships 2448:Pasai 2436:Pasai 2432:Pidie 2070:Women 2065:Sport 2043:Islam 1968:Bogor 976:Hindu 916:were 906:India 882:Islam 629:Jihad 578:Quran 539:Women 482:Music 420:Sunni 269:(law) 217:Sirah 198:Quran 182:Texts 64:Islam 7674:Flag 7277:List 6589:and 6540:and 5965:Aceh 5886:Kyai 5866:Iqro 5611:Adat 5449:Pre- 4651:2016 4625:2016 4600:2016 4551:ISBN 4524:ISBN 4497:ISBN 4470:ISBN 4449:2019 4424:2019 4392:ISBN 4336:ISBN 4315:link 4301:2014 4263:ISBN 4233:2012 4154:2021 4126:ISBN 4095:ISBN 4068:ISBN 4041:2022 4010:ISBN 3983:ISBN 3943:2022 3916:2022 3870:ISBN 3843:ISBN 3813:ISBN 3521:and 3478:and 3307:and 3295:and 3274:Java 3270:Solo 3266:Adam 3238:Bima 3172:Java 3044:Pati 2939:and 2839:and 2815:and 2609:Daha 2596:Sufi 2499:Aceh 2450:and 2434:and 2416:Aceh 2379:was 2243:Java 2192:, a 1963:Bali 1036:and 983:Java 951:and 935:and 898:Sufi 892:and 522:LGBT 425:Shia 359:and 259:Fiqh 45:Aceh 7464:Art 7219:Law 4678:doi 4182:doi 3525:in 2890:or 2882:". 2878:in 2870:or 2858:in 2702:by 2324:in 2140:map 1028:in 1017:in 904:in 617:war 378:Art 93:God 91:of 39:in 7773:: 6536:, 5819:id 5802:id 5775:id 5763:id 5672:id 4906:id 4847:id 4835:id 4674:50 4672:. 4668:. 4641:. 4616:. 4591:. 4440:. 4415:. 4311:}} 4307:{{ 4219:. 4196:. 4188:. 4176:. 4162:^ 4120:. 4049:^ 4032:. 3951:^ 3932:. 3907:. 3790:. 3613:. 3509:. 3474:, 3450:' 3338:, 3256:. 3154:, 3142:, 3138:, 3127:. 3084:. 3053:. 3014:, 2994:, 2990:, 2986:, 2982:, 2978:, 2958:, 2831:, 2513:. 2332:, 2164:, 2160:, 1048:, 1005:, 997:. 928:. 214:, 58:on 43:, 7279:) 7275:( 7242:) 7238:( 6912:e 6905:t 6898:v 6037:e 6030:t 6023:v 4746:e 4739:t 4732:v 4680:: 4653:. 4627:. 4602:. 4559:. 4532:. 4505:. 4478:. 4451:. 4426:. 4400:. 4344:. 4317:) 4303:. 4235:. 4204:. 4184:: 4178:2 4156:. 4134:. 4103:. 4076:. 4043:. 4018:. 3991:. 3945:. 3918:. 3878:. 3851:. 3821:. 3330:( 2785:( 2725:) 2719:( 2714:) 2710:( 2696:. 2117:e 2110:t 2103:v 865:e 858:t 851:v 695:e 688:t 681:v 220:) 208:( 20:)

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