365:(probably modern Moldavia and Wallachia) until 376, when one of their leaders, Fritigern, appealed to the Roman emperor Valens to be allowed to settle with his people on the south bank of the Danube. The vision that there, they hoped to find refuge from the Huns, is today contested by historians. It is more likely that they settled because of peace negotiations following the first Gothic War. Valens permitted this. However, a famine broke out and Rome was unwilling to supply them with the food they were promised nor the land; open revolt ensued leading to 6 years of plundering and destruction throughout the Balkans, the death of a Roman Emperor and the destruction of an entire Roman army. The
2196:
535:
115:
both before and after Gothic settlement there, and that the
Thervingi sometimes had forest-related personal names such as Vidigoia, Veduco and Vidimir, the first part of whose names he believes to be cognate with English "wood". In contrast, the name of the other Gothic people known from this period,
586:
is that the two names, Vesi and
Tervingi, are found in different places in the list, "a clear indication that we are dealing with two different army units, which must also presumably mean that they are, after all, perceived as two different peoples". Peter Heather has written that Wolfram's position
369:
in 378 was the decisive moment of the war. The Roman forces were slaughtered; the
Emperor Valens was killed during the fighting, shocking the Roman world and eventually forcing the Romans to negotiate with and settle the Barbarians on Roman land, a new trend with far reaching consequences for the
116:
the
Greuthungi, may mean "steppe-people", with an etymology connected to a word for sand or gravel. Both names are only found from the 3rd century until the late 4th or early 5th. (After these times, Gothic peoples are recording with new names, most notably the Visigoths and Ostrogoths.)
227:
This panegyric can be interpreted in different ways. After mentioning
Moorish peoples fighting each other, it turns to Europe where two different conflicts are described in a way which makes it unclear which conflict the Tervingi were involved in: "The Goths utterly destroy the
392:
Chernyakhov settlements cluster in open ground in river valleys. The houses include sunken-floored dwellings, surface dwellings, and stall-houses. The largest known settlement (Budesty) is 35 hectares. Most settlements are open and unfortified; some forts are also known.
590:
Wolfram believes that the terms
Thervingi and Greuthungi were older geographical identifiers used by each tribe to describe the other - exonyms for the traditional territory. The terminology therefore dropped out of use after the Goths were displaced by the
339:" (implying he was a leader of the Greuthingi) was compelled to flee, and then make a peace agreement in the middle of the Danube, promising to never set foot on Roman soil. In later parts of his text however, Ammianus describes Athanaric as a judge (
205:". This was therefore sometimes argued to be the first record of the Tervingi. However, apart from the reconstructions needed, historians today believe this document was made around 400, and thus 100 years later.
267:) contained Taifali, Vicotali, and Tervingi. However, once again the texts which have survived have major variants: Terbingi, Tervulgi, Terviginti and ΀ΔÏÎČÎŻÏαÎč (Tervitai). This would place the Tervingi near the
119:
Some scholars have proposed that the name "Thervingi" may have pre-Pontic, Scandinavian, origins. Wolfram cites the example of J. Svennung who believed that the
Tervingi were Scandinavian "ox people".
595:. In contrast he proposes that the terms "Vesi" and "Ostrogothi" were used as endonyms by the peoples to boastfully describe themselves. Thus, the Thervingi would have called themselves Vesi.
248:". The passage is normally interpreted as explaining to the reader that the Tervingi were a type of Goth, and involved in the second of the two conflicts, fighting against Vandals and Gepids.
73:. They were one of the main components of the large movement of Goths and other peoples over the Danube in 376, and they are seen as one of the most important ancestral groups of the
331:
In 369, Valens finally penetrated deep into the Gothic territory, winning a series of skirmishes with
Greuthungi, who are mentioned here for the first time in a classical record.
412:
burials; among the latter the head is to the north. Some graves were left empty. Grave goods often include pottery, bone combs, and iron tools, but almost never any weapons.
579:, the primary sources either use the terminology of Thervingi/Greuthungi or Vesi/Ostrogothi and never mix the pairs, except in cases where there was a mistake.
446:
to the
Thervingi. This spread fast enough that several Therving kings and their supporters persecuted the Christian Thervingi, as attested by the story of
592:
384:
In time and geographical area, the
Thervingi and their neighbors the Greuthungi correspond to the archaeological SĂźntana de MureĆ-Chernyakhov Culture.
271:, north of the Danube, which is consistent with what is known of the likely positions of the Taifali, Gepids and Vandals mentioned in the panegyric.
291:
decisively defeated the Goths. After that time, substantial numbers of valuable Roman gold medallions were distributed in Gothic territories from
659:
1106:
2153:
2171:
310:, who had died in 366. However, he was unable to hit them directly, because apparently the bulk of the Goths retreated to the
1252:
1062:
1035:
878:
816:
776:
768:
675:
404:
SĂźntana de MureĆ cemeteries show the same basic characteristics as other Chernyakhov cemeteries. These include both
1214:
2220:
2176:
1384:
2166:
1434:
1239:
1099:
208:
The Thervingi, along with several other Gothic groups they are distinguished from, are first mentioned in a
1315:
2181:
1194:
1347:
1342:
895:
Roman Gold Medallions in Barbaricum. Symbols of power and prestige of Germanic elite in Late Antiquity.
145:
69:, another Gothic people from east of the Dniester, and they also had significant interactions with the
236:
wear arms for the conquered, and the Tervingi too, another group of Goths, with the help of a band of
2199:
1379:
1286:
1279:
1257:
1092:
299:, and have been discovered by archaeologists. They demonstrate the Roman influence among the Goths.
1419:
1404:
1219:
1204:
356:
328:). In the following year, the flooding of the Danube prevented the Romans from crossing the river.
288:
17:
1021:
802:
1534:
1424:
1414:
1409:
1229:
1209:
1166:
667:
523:
149:
689:
Tervingi... Gothic confederation which took control of modern Moldavia and Wallachia c.300â20...
438:'s Bible translation may provide clues. Some months and days were holy, and cult observance and
1936:
1369:
1364:
1291:
1186:
701:
306:
attacked the Thervingi north of the Danube river in retribution for their having supported the
187:" peoples is given who had been conquered by the emperor when he earned his title "Gothicus": "
868:
1234:
1124:
284:
256:
92:
1325:
1296:
1199:
1054:
The Visigoths from the Migration Period to the Seventh Century: An Ethnographic Perspective
366:
317:
191:". These words are traditionally edited by modern editors to include well-known peoples: "
8:
2161:
1374:
425:
379:
307:
221:
111:
that such geographical names were used to distinguish Gothic peoples living north of the
2230:
1544:
1396:
1335:
1224:
1156:
1132:
567:
1320:
1171:
1146:
1058:
1031:
874:
812:
772:
764:
671:
447:
421:
161:
86:
1743:
1115:
466:
180:
917:, Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 86; Heather, Peter & Matthews, John, 1991,
1352:
1330:
1274:
1244:
1128:
1052:
1025:
909:
book 27, chapter 5, 5-9; Further reading for this episode: Heather, Peter, 1996,
806:
519:
505:
501:
431:
312:
488:, but a powerful, created being. This belief was in opposition to the tenets of
401:
SĂźntana de MureĆ cemeteries are better known than SĂźntana de MureĆ settlements.
183:
article for Emperor Claudius Gothicus (reigned 268-270), the following list of "
2225:
2026:
1810:
1474:
1161:
1027:
Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth
808:
Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth
576:
152:
itself. However, the Goths were defeated in battle that summer near the modern
137:
104:
721:, trans. T. J. Dunlop (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988), p. 25.
335:
who was, in this passage, described by Ammianus as their most powerful judge "
2214:
1785:
1748:
1708:
1574:
1303:
1262:
995:
655:
108:
1887:
562:, Visigoths have traditionally been treated as successors of the Thervingi.
1479:
1469:
1452:
1269:
485:
473:
443:
324:) and even implies that all of them fled, horror-struck, to the mountains (
279:
According to Jordanes, who does not mention the Tervingi, the Gothic ruler
165:
133:
70:
55:
1961:
1919:
1842:
1755:
1623:
1613:
1524:
1308:
489:
292:
268:
229:
169:
164:
that September. Over the next three years they were driven back over the
251:
Another almost certainly third century record of the Tervingi is in the
2138:
1926:
1909:
1857:
1847:
1832:
1800:
1790:
1668:
1618:
1494:
1489:
1457:
1176:
615:
492:, which achieved a religious monopoly in the late 4th and 5th century.
409:
66:
2133:
2128:
2118:
2051:
1956:
1852:
1815:
1765:
1718:
1713:
1663:
1603:
1529:
1519:
1499:
1462:
1447:
634:
609:
559:
551:
405:
343:) of the Tervingi, who was attacked by Greuthungi who had joined the
332:
209:
112:
74:
894:
700:
Schöfeld, Wörterbuch der altgermanischen personen- und völkernamen,
2106:
2091:
2071:
2056:
2036:
2011:
1996:
1991:
1971:
1941:
1931:
1882:
1872:
1867:
1698:
1683:
1658:
1638:
1608:
1598:
1593:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1484:
1442:
1151:
1084:
547:
543:
469:
233:
216:(285â305), delivered in or shortly after 291 (perhaps delivered at
213:
184:
173:
157:
141:
59:
2123:
2111:
2101:
2076:
2066:
2061:
2041:
2031:
2006:
1946:
1904:
1877:
1795:
1728:
1723:
1703:
1693:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1628:
1569:
1554:
1504:
515:
455:
435:
362:
296:
280:
241:
237:
103:", equivalent to English "tree", and thus means "forest people".
439:
189:
peuci trutungi austorgoti uirtingi sigy pedes celtae etiam eruli
2143:
2096:
2081:
2046:
2021:
1986:
1981:
1914:
1899:
1837:
1775:
1760:
1738:
1688:
1678:
1673:
1586:
1581:
1539:
1509:
621:
451:
303:
245:
201:
2016:
2001:
1976:
1966:
1951:
1894:
1862:
1827:
1822:
1780:
1770:
1653:
1514:
1357:
913:, Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 62; Heather, Peter, 1991,
511:
477:
459:
260:
217:
197:
193:
153:
51:
565:
In defense of this equation, Herwig Wolfram, interprets the
534:
132:
The Thervingi were possibly among the Goths who invaded the
2086:
1733:
572:
430:
The original religion of the Thervingi is Wodinism, though
344:
472:, at the time in power in the Eastern Empire, a branch of
442:
were compulsory with their piety. Roman prisoners brought
867:
Nixon, C. E. V.; Rodgers, Barbara Saylor (January 1994),
811:. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 201â212.
481:
921:, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, pp. 17â26.
870:
In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini
582:
On the other hand, another recent interpretation of the
575:
with the Thervingi in the period 388â391; According to
320:
says that Valens could not find anyone to fight with (
554:
as the heirs of the 4th-century Thervingian "judge" (
873:, University of California Press, pp. 100â101,
960:, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, pp. 52â54.
326:
omnes formidine perciti... montes petivere Serrorum
220:on 20 April 292). It was traditionally ascribed to
529:
322:nullum inveniret quem superare poterat vel terrere
986:Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, pp. 54â56.
196:, Grutungi, Austrogoti, Tervingi, Visi, Gipedes,
2212:
947:8th version, (Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2016): 43.
587:is "entirely arguable, but so is the opposite".
729:
727:
538:Gutthiuda, the country of Visigoths (Thervingi)
1100:
973:Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, p. 54.
866:
841:
839:
837:
724:
1131:origin primarily identified as speakers of
1020:
982:Heather, Peter & Matthews, John, 1991,
969:Heather, Peter & Matthews, John, 1991,
956:Heather, Peter & Matthews, John, 1991,
801:
713:
711:
709:
370:eventual fall of the Western Roman Empire.
316:(which is probably the south Carpathians).
136:in the year 268. This invasion overran the
1107:
1093:
95:in 1911, and still widely cited, the name
943:Pieter Hoppenbrouwers and Wim Blockmans,
834:
168:in a series of campaigns by the emperors
99:was probably related to the Gothic word "
1030:. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 219.
706:
546:who described the Visigothic kings from
533:
259:from 369. He wrote that the province of
62:River in the 3rd and the 4th centuries.
2172:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
1050:
664:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
654:
350:
14:
2213:
648:
1088:
797:
795:
793:
387:
1114:
1057:, Boydell & Brewer, p. 75,
396:
24:
790:
514:, the Thervinigi spoke Thervinigi
361:The Thervingi remained in western
107:agrees with the older position of
54:people of the plains north of the
25:
2242:
283:was forced to sign a treaty with
274:
65:They had close contacts with the
2195:
2194:
628:
465:Settled in Dacia, the Thervingi
127:
91:According to a proposal made by
2177:Christianization of Scandinavia
1070:
1044:
1014:
1005:
989:
976:
963:
958:The Goths in the Fourth Century
950:
945:Introduction to Medieval Europe
937:
924:
899:
887:
860:
848:
787:Zosimus, Historia Nova, I, 42.1
542:Based upon the medieval writer
530:Relationship with the Visigoths
462:into Gothic during this exile.
2167:Christianization of the Franks
1240:Continental Germanic mythology
1051:Heather, Heather, ed. (1999),
825:
781:
749:
736:
694:
662:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
603:
373:
160:border and then routed in the
13:
1:
641:
1011:Heather, pp. 52â57, 300â301.
984:Goths in the Fourth Century,
971:Goths in the Fourth Century,
746:, 9, 8) cites 320.000 armed;
80:
7:
2182:Christianization of Iceland
919:Goths in the Fourth Century
893:Aleksander BURSCHE (2000),
495:
450:, and many of whom fled to
415:
10:
2247:
744:Breviarium ab urbe condita
598:
499:
419:
377:
354:
302:In 367, the Roman Emperor
122:
84:
2190:
2152:
1433:
1395:
1185:
1139:
1122:
1420:North Germanic languages
1405:Germanic parent language
915:Goths and Romans 332â489
1425:West Germanic languages
1415:East Germanic languages
1410:Proto-Germanic language
1230:Proto-Germanic folklore
1167:Romano-Germanic culture
934:book 31, chapter 4, 13.
733:Wolfram pp.387â388 n58.
668:Oxford University Press
2221:Early Germanic peoples
1022:Christensen, Arne SĂžby
930:Ammianus Marcellinus,
905:Ammianus Marcellinus,
803:Christensen, Arne SĂžby
539:
524:East Germanic language
42:(sometimes pluralised
1235:Anglo-Saxon mythology
1125:Ethnolinguistic group
884:. See also footnotes.
763:Bari, 1973, p. 560.
624:(chieftain, died 391)
537:
480:was not an aspect of
454:in the Roman Empire.
337:iudicem potentissimum
287:in 332 after his son
285:Constantine the Great
240:join battle with the
1002:, book 2, chapter 5.
719:History of the Goths
367:Battle of Adrianople
357:Gothic War (376â382)
351:Gothic War (376â382)
318:Ammianus Marcellinus
170:Claudius II Gothicus
148:and even threatened
2162:Gothic Christianity
1077:Passion of St. Saba
742:Also Eutropius (in
510:As a branch of the
476:that believed that
434:'s martyrology and
426:Gothic Christianity
380:Chernyakhov culture
222:Claudius Mamertinus
179:In the problematic
1545:Germani cisrhenani
1253:Funerary practices
1157:Pre-Roman Iron Age
1133:Germanic languages
568:Notitia Dignitatum
540:
388:Settlement pattern
2208:
2207:
1380:Gothic and Vandal
1172:Germanic Iron Age
1147:Nordic Bronze Age
1129:Northern European
755:Santo Mazzarino.
448:Wereka and Batwin
422:Germanic paganism
308:usurper Procopius
162:Battle of Naissus
87:Name of the Goths
16:(Redirected from
2238:
2198:
2197:
2154:Christianization
1744:Ripuarian Franks
1116:Germanic peoples
1109:
1102:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1003:
993:
987:
980:
974:
967:
961:
954:
948:
941:
935:
928:
922:
903:
897:
891:
885:
883:
864:
858:
852:
846:
843:
832:
829:
823:
822:
799:
788:
785:
779:
762:
753:
747:
740:
734:
731:
722:
715:
704:
698:
692:
691:
686:
684:
652:
593:Hunnic invasions
397:Burial practices
232:, and again the
181:Historia Augusta
93:Moritz Schönfeld
58:and west of the
21:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2186:
2148:
1429:
1391:
1353:Gothic alphabet
1245:Norse mythology
1181:
1135:
1118:
1113:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1006:
994:
990:
981:
977:
968:
964:
955:
951:
942:
938:
929:
925:
904:
900:
892:
888:
881:
865:
861:
853:
849:
844:
835:
831:Guizot, I, 357.
830:
826:
819:
800:
791:
786:
782:
760:
757:L'impero romano
754:
750:
741:
737:
732:
725:
716:
707:
699:
695:
682:
680:
678:
653:
649:
644:
637:(c. 376âc. 380)
631:
606:
601:
532:
508:
506:Gothic alphabet
502:Gothic language
500:Main articles:
498:
458:translated the
428:
420:Main articles:
418:
399:
390:
382:
376:
359:
353:
313:Montes Serrorum
277:
212:to the emperor
138:Roman provinces
130:
125:
89:
83:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1811:Thracian Goths
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1162:Roman Iron Age
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1069:
1063:
1043:
1036:
1013:
1004:
1000:Church History
988:
975:
962:
949:
936:
923:
898:
886:
879:
859:
847:
833:
824:
817:
789:
780:
748:
735:
723:
705:
693:
676:
656:Heather, Peter
646:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
630:
627:
626:
625:
619:
613:
605:
602:
600:
597:
577:Herwig Wolfram
571:to equate the
531:
528:
497:
494:
417:
414:
398:
395:
389:
386:
378:Main article:
375:
372:
355:Main article:
352:
349:
289:Constantine II
276:
275:Fourth century
273:
129:
126:
124:
121:
105:Herwig Wolfram
82:
79:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2243:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
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1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Crimean Goths
1784:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:Salian Franks
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
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1677:
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1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
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1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
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1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1588:
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1580:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
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1551:
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1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
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1513:
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1501:
1498:
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1478:
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1473:
1471:
1468:
1464:
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1459:
1456:
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1444:
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1426:
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1418:
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1413:
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1408:
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1400:
1398:
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1386:
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1378:
1376:
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1368:
1366:
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1359:
1356:
1354:
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1350:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1337:
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1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1293:
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1278:
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1273:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
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1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1187:Early culture
1184:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
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1134:
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1110:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1064:9780851157627
1060:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1037:9788772897103
1033:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1008:
1001:
997:
996:Philostorgius
992:
985:
979:
972:
966:
959:
953:
946:
940:
933:
927:
920:
916:
912:
908:
902:
896:
890:
882:
880:9780520083264
876:
872:
871:
863:
856:
855:Genethl. Max.
851:
842:
840:
838:
828:
820:
818:9788772897103
814:
810:
809:
804:
798:
796:
794:
784:
778:
777:88-420-2401-5
774:
770:
769:88-420-2377-9
766:
758:
752:
745:
739:
730:
728:
720:
714:
712:
710:
703:
697:
690:
679:
677:9780191744457
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
651:
647:
636:
633:
632:
629:Rebel leaders
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
607:
596:
594:
588:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
569:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
536:
527:
525:
522:, an extinct
521:
517:
513:
507:
503:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
427:
423:
413:
411:
407:
402:
394:
385:
381:
371:
368:
364:
358:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
203:
199:
195:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
128:Third century
120:
117:
114:
110:
109:Franz Altheim
106:
102:
98:
94:
88:
78:
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1805:
1480:Anglo-Saxons
1470:Adrabaecampi
1453:Bucinobantes
1195:Architecture
1076:
1072:
1053:
1046:
1026:
1016:
1007:
999:
991:
983:
978:
970:
965:
957:
952:
944:
939:
931:
926:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
889:
869:
862:
854:
850:
845:Wolfram, 24.
827:
807:
783:
761:(in Italian)
756:
751:
743:
738:
718:
696:
688:
681:. Retrieved
663:
650:
589:
583:
581:
566:
564:
555:
541:
509:
474:Christianity
464:
444:Christianity
432:Saba or Sava
429:
403:
400:
391:
383:
360:
340:
336:
330:
325:
321:
311:
301:
278:
264:
252:
250:
226:
207:
192:
188:
178:
166:Danube River
134:Roman Empire
131:
118:
100:
96:
90:
71:Roman Empire
64:
56:Lower Danube
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
29:
27:Gothic tribe
1920:Nahanarvali
1843:Hilleviones
1756:Frisiavones
1624:Cananefates
1614:Burgundians
1525:Banochaemae
1375:Anglo-Saxon
1326:Anglo-Saxon
1292:Anglo-Saxon
1275:Anglo-Saxon
1258:Anglo-Saxon
618:(chieftain)
604:Pagan kings
490:Catholicism
374:Archaeology
293:Netherlands
269:Carpathians
230:Burgundians
2215:Categories
2139:Vinoviloth
1927:Marcomanni
1910:Helveconae
1888:HeaĂ°obards
1858:Istvaeones
1848:Ingaevones
1833:Hermunduri
1801:Ostrogoths
1791:Greuthungi
1669:Chattuarii
1495:Angrivarii
1490:Ampsivarii
1458:Lentienses
1287:Literature
1177:Viking Age
932:Res Gestae
907:Res Gestae
683:26 January
660:"Tervingi"
642:References
616:Rothesteus
440:ceremonies
410:inhumation
253:Breviarium
85:See also:
67:Greuthungi
2231:Visigoths
2134:Vidivarii
2129:Victohali
2119:Vangiones
2052:Thuringii
1957:Nuithones
1853:Irminones
1816:Visigoths
1806:Thervingi
1766:Gambrivii
1719:Dulgubnii
1714:Dauciones
1664:Chasuarii
1604:Brondings
1530:Bastarnae
1520:Baiuvarii
1500:Armalausi
1463:Raetovari
1397:Languages
1365:Symbology
1225:Folklore
1220:Festivals
911:The Goths
717:Wolfram,
635:Fritigern
612:(369â381)
610:Athanaric
560:Athanaric
552:Alaric II
406:cremation
333:Athanaric
257:Eutropius
210:panegyric
200:etiam et
158:Slovenian
146:Illyricum
113:Black Sea
81:Etymology
75:Visigoths
50:) were a
48:Thervings
32:Thervingi
2200:Category
2107:Hasdingi
2092:Usipetes
2072:Tubantes
2057:Toxandri
2037:Tencteri
2012:Suarines
1997:Sicambri
1992:Semnones
1972:Reudigni
1942:Mattiaci
1932:Marsacii
1883:Lombards
1873:Lacringi
1868:Juthungi
1699:Corconti
1684:Cherusci
1659:Charudes
1639:Chaedini
1609:Bructeri
1594:Bateinoi
1565:Eburones
1560:Condrusi
1555:Caeroesi
1550:Atuatuci
1485:Ambrones
1448:Brisgavi
1443:Alemanni
1321:Paganism
1210:Clothing
1205:Calendar
1152:Germania
1024:(2002).
805:(2002).
658:(2018).
548:Alaric I
544:Jordanes
496:Language
470:Arianism
416:Religion
234:Alamanni
214:Maximian
185:Scythian
174:Aurelian
142:Pannonia
97:Tervingi
60:Dniester
44:Tervings
40:Teruingi
36:Tervingi
18:Tervingi
2124:Varisci
2112:Silingi
2102:Vandals
2077:Tulingi
2067:Triboci
2062:Treveri
2042:Teutons
2032:Taifals
2007:Sitones
1947:Nemetes
1905:Helisii
1878:Lemovii
1796:Gutones
1729:Firaesi
1724:Favonae
1704:Cugerni
1694:Cobandi
1649:Chamavi
1644:Chaemae
1634:Casuari
1629:Caritni
1599:Betasii
1570:Paemani
1505:Auiones
1370:Warfare
1348:Scripts
1316:Numbers
1140:History
599:Leaders
584:Notitia
516:dialect
486:Trinity
484:in the
467:adopted
456:Wulfila
436:Wulfila
363:Scythia
297:Ukraine
281:Ariaric
242:Vandals
238:Taifali
154:Italian
123:History
2144:Warini
2097:Vagoth
2082:Tungri
2047:Thelir
2027:Swedes
2022:Sunici
1987:Saxons
1982:Rugini
1915:Manimi
1900:Diduni
1838:Heruli
1776:Gepids
1761:Frisii
1739:Franks
1689:Cimbri
1679:Chauci
1674:Chatti
1587:Nervii
1582:Morini
1540:Belgae
1535:Batavi
1510:Avarpi
1475:Angles
1435:Groups
1385:Viking
1331:Gothic
1309:Gothic
1215:Family
1061:
1034:
877:
857:17, 1.
815:
775:
767:
674:
622:Eriulf
520:Gothic
452:Moesia
304:Valens
246:Gepids
198:Celtae
150:Italia
52:Gothic
2226:Goths
2017:Suebi
2002:Sciri
1977:Rugii
1967:Quadi
1952:Njars
1937:Marsi
1895:Lugii
1863:Jutes
1828:Harii
1823:Gutes
1781:Goths
1771:Geats
1709:Danes
1654:Chali
1575:Segni
1515:Baemi
1358:Runes
1343:Rings
1336:Norse
1304:Names
1297:Norse
1280:Norse
1263:Norse
702:p.222
556:iudex
512:Goths
478:Jesus
460:Bible
341:iudex
263:now (
261:Dacia
218:Trier
202:Eruli
194:Peuci
38:, or
2087:Ubii
1734:Fosi
1619:Buri
1059:ISBN
1032:ISBN
875:ISBN
813:ISBN
773:ISBN
771:and
765:ISBN
685:2020
672:ISBN
573:Vesi
504:and
424:and
408:and
345:Huns
265:nunc
244:and
172:and
144:and
101:triu
30:The
1962:Osi
1270:Law
1200:Art
1127:of
550:to
518:of
482:God
295:to
255:of
140:of
46:or
2217::
998:,
836:^
792:^
759:.
726:^
708:^
687:.
670:.
666:.
558:)
526:.
347:.
224:.
176:.
77:.
34:,
1247:)
1108:e
1101:t
1094:v
1040:.
821:.
156:-
20:)
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