1906:, pp. 2, 21, 30. "Goths are first mentioned occupying territory in what is now Poland in the first century AD... The history of people labelled "Goths" thus spans 700 years... he Wielbark culture.... took shape in the middle of the first century AD... in Pomerania and lands either side of the lower Vistula... his is the broad area where our few literary sources place a group called Goths at this time... Tacitus Germania 43-4 places them not quite on the Baltic coast; Ptolemy Geography 3.5.8 locates them east of the Vistula; Strabo Geography 7.1.3 (if Butones should be emended to Gutones) broadly agrees with Tacitus... The mutually confirmatory information of ancient sources and the archaeological record both suggest that Goths can first be identified beside the Vistula. It is here that this attempt to write their history will begin."
2138:, p. 115. "In the period of Dacian and Sarmatian dominance, groups known as Goths â or perhaps 'Gothones' or 'Guthones' â inhabited lands far to the north-west, beside the Baltic. Tacitus placed them there at the end of the first century, and Ptolemy did likewise in the middle of the second, the latter explicitly among a number of groups said to inhabit the mouth of the Vistula. Philologists have no doubt, despite the varying transliterations into Greek and Latin, that it is the same group name that suddenly shifted its epicentre from northern Poland to the Black Sea in the third century."
3010:
1976:, pp. 32â33, 38â39. "During the first century and a half AD, four authors mention a people also normally identified with 'the Goths'. They seem to appear for the first time in the writings of the geographer Strabo... It is normally assumed that are identical with the Goths... It has been taken for granted that these Gotones were identical to the Goths... Finally, around 150, Klaudios Ptolemaios (or Ptolemy) writes of certain who are also normally identified with 'the Goths'... Ptolemy lists the , also identified by Gothic scholars with the Goths..."
3033:
31:
302:
1891:, pp. 12â13, 20, 23: "Gothsâor Gutones, as the Roman sources called them... The Gutonic immigrants became Goths the very moment the Mediterranean world considered them "Scythians"... The Gothic name appears for the first time between A.D. 16 and 18. We do not, however, find the strong form Guti but only the derivative form Gutones... Hereafter, whenever the Gutones and Guti are mentioned, these terms refer to the Goths."
2234:, p. 343. "They might possibly have been mentioned in some geographical and ethnographical works dating from the first century, but the similarity in the names is not significant, and no antique author later considers them to be the forefathers of the Goths... No one sees this connection, even during the Great Migration. Chronologically it would, of course, be quite a realistic possibility..."
521:
Though the etymology of the Gothic name connects to words for pouring, its actual meaning remains uncertain. Various interpretations have been suggested: the pouring could refer to a river or a flooded homeland, the name could mean "people" in the sense of being "seed-spreaders" or "progenitors", or
1133:
Based on the similarity between the Gothic name and those of the Gutes and Geats, scholars such as
Wolfram have suggested that the Goths may have been an offshoot of either of these peoples. Wolfram means this not in a "biological" sense, but in the sense that "prestige bearing names" could be
508:
In any case, as
Wolfram explains, the existence of various peoples sharing this name does not necessarily imply large-scale migrations of one unified people: "not entire peoples, but small successful clans, the bearers of prestigious traditions, emigrated and became the founders of new
3602:
848:
on the other hand argues that the similarities between the names are not significant. Heather has argued that while this similar name on its could arguably be an "accidental resemblance", there were also other ethnic names, the
1148:Ăsgeir Blöndal MagnĂșsson suggested that the name of the Goths, Gutes and Geats may originally have been applied to a northeastern Germanic group native to Scandinavia, who were distinguished from more southwesterly
1254:, who was associated with barbarians from the north. Isidore of Seville later suggested that this proposal must have been assumed by previous authors because of the similarity in sound between "Gog" and "Goth".
525:
Wolfram interprets the Gothic name as meaning "men", and suggests that it might have meant "out-pourers" in the sense of "seed, the progenitors, the men". Some, including Peter
Heather, have also suggested that
1988:, pp. 20, 38: "The Gothic name appears for the first time between A.D. 16 and 18. We do not, however, find the strong form Guti but only the derivative form Gutones... They were first mentioned by Strabo."
1040:
From the 12th century, art and architecture supposed to be lacking refinement were dismissed as being "Gothic". From the 15th century, the name had been appropriated for specific styles which are now known as
1206:, whose writing has only survived in fragments, referred to the Goths of his time as Scythians, although from the surviving fragments he did not necessarily intend to assert that they had common origins.
1072:). This name is attested from the 16th century but is believed to be very old. Linguists have suggested that this is a vernacular name of the Goths. Connections have been proposed between this name and
2246:, pp. 13. "No ancient ethnographer made a connection between the Goths and the Gutones. The Gutonic immigrants became Goths the very moment the Mediterranean world considered them "Scythians".
963:. According to Wolfram, Visigoths means "the Good" or "the Noble" Goths, while Ostrogoths means "Goths of the rising sun" or "Goths glorified by the rising sun", i.e. "East Goths". The 6th century
541:
Another theory is to interpret Goths as the "seed-spreaders", hence the "stallions", "horses", or some other impregnating animal which may have been a deity. The term
572:
has favoured the idea that the Gothic name may mean "the people living where the river has their outlet" or "the people who are connected by the rivers and the sea".
3342:
3217:
1126:
The origin and meaning of the name of the Goths is often considered of great significance to research on the origins of the Goths. On the basis of name evidence,
488:
799:
134:
region during the 1stâ2nd century AD. Gradually, forms written with "o" instead of "u", and "th" instead of simple "t", came to dominate in both Latin (e.g.
611:
writes that it is certain that "the tribal name Goths means the same as Gauts". According to
Wolfram, this is of bigger importance than its actual meaning.
1184:
record that Odin and the Ăsir came to
Scandinavia from the south. This supposed rift might be the reason why it has been difficult to document any common
3199:
1141:
suggest that the Goths, Gutes and Geats were rather all at one point part of the same community of merchant-warriors active on both sides of the
3286:
250:
394:
2040:
2001:
2971:
3544:
3522:
2067:
2635:
1958:
1931:
615:
writes that it is impossible to separate the words Gutar, Götar, Goths, *Gutans and Gauti from each other; they all mean the same.
2193:
1568:
Haubrichs, Wolfgang (2017). "Krieg, Volk und
Verwandtschaft. Zur Struktur und kulturellen Signifikanz ostgotischer Frauennamen".
2409:, p. 556. "That a relationship exists between and the ancient Goths can hardly be denied, but to explain it is difficult."
806:) assembled a force of Goths and Germans from all of Rome and made an inroad into Assyria against the Aryan empire and us." The
920:. Despite the scarce attestation of their languages, these peoples, with the exception of the Alans, are often referred to as
3641:
3415:
3113:
3027:
2876:
1110:, meaning 'noble' or 'rich'. In the Canary Islands, Chile, Bolivia, Cuba and Ecuador, it is or has been a pejorative for the
3669:
2109:
2617:
2151:
3683:
558:
196:
Another group of related ethnonyms is believed to be attested in
Scandinavia, where the oldest forms of the name of the
3587:
3396:
3059:
2904:
298:, meaning 'Polish' or 'Belarusian', here transferred to the peoples that replaced the Goths south of their territory.
3562:
3481:
3303:
3295:
3262:
3177:
3145:
2989:
2932:
2826:
2790:
2758:
2376:(in Spanish) (electrónica 23.3 ed.). Real Academia Española, Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. 2019
2854:
93:. The implications of these similarities, and the actual meaning of the Gothic name, are disputed in scholarship.
3690:
3495:
3428:
3388:
3368:
3360:
3087:
2957:
3520:(1897). "Der Name der Goten bei Griechen und Römern" [The Name of the Goths Among Greeks and Romans].
2698:
802:, which is dated to 262. According to Shapur, "When first I was come to the imperial throne, Gordian Caesar (
3455:
3250:
3051:
2808:
2732:
1288:
484:
3603:
Zeitschrift fĂŒr vergleichende
Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete des Deutschen, Griechischen und Lateinischen
996:
of
Scandia. These were probably Geats. Jordanes also writes that the area settled by the Goths under king
1196:
When mentioned by Greco-Roman scholars from the 3rd century AD, the Goths are frequently referred to as
160:
3661:
3633:
3019:
2864:
2569:
2566:
3597:
964:
924:. Herwig Wolfram has instead proposed that all these peoples still be referred to as Gothic peoples.
61:
writers in the 3rd century AD, although names that are probably related appear earlier. Derived from
790:(Latin: Gothi) is explicitly recorded for the first time for a group of peoples living north of the
3759:
3324:
3309:
2560:
179:
2836:
845:
844:. Nevertheless, philologists and linguists have no doubt that these are the same names. Historian
3554:
2981:
2924:
2846:
2623:
1130:
writes that is impossible to deny that there was a relationship between the Geats and the Goths.
968:
783:. The latter are variants of the name of the Geats and closely related to the name of the Goths.
697:
24:
3155:
2581:
1127:
786:
After
Ptolemy, the Gothic name is not attested again until the late 3rd century, when the name
554:
2431:
1428:
1424:
2605:
921:
20:
1157:
604:
claimed descent from Gaut. Wolfram notes that the Gothic name may thus mean "sons of Gaut".
3704:
2896:
857:, found in what is now Poland in the 1st century, which were similarly found south of the
8:
3420:
2587:
1046:
763:
291:
561:
suggested that the Gothic name may have referred to those "born and bred" in the north.
3754:
3611:
3579:
3531:
3491:
3447:
3234:
3203:
3102:
3069:
2949:
2724:
2694:
2677:
2659:
2538:
1593:
1293:
1278:
1235:. However, modern historians have concluded that this equation is certainly incorrect.
1232:
1222:
1115:
1095:, because he considered the name of the Goths the earliest recorded Germanic ethnonym.
1012:
869:
685:
107:
54:
38:
3651:
3623:
3187:
3123:
1273:
1138:
1084:
3708:
3665:
3637:
3583:
3558:
3505:
3477:
3424:
3392:
3364:
3299:
3238:
3173:
3169:
3141:
3137:
3109:
3083:
3055:
3023:
2985:
2953:
2928:
2900:
2872:
2850:
2822:
2786:
2782:
2754:
2712:
2641:
1597:
1585:
811:
638:
212:, although it has also been proposed that this was the normal stem corresponding to *
58:
3215:
Sprengling, Martin (1940). "Shahpuhr I, the Great on the Kaabah of Zoroaster (KZ)".
692:
and Wolfram considers Strabo as the first writer to have mentioned the Gothic name.
3732:
3500:
3410:
3266:
3226:
3079:
2804:
2703:
1577:
1103:
1088:
1017:
742:
140:) and Greek (ÎłÏΞοÎč). Within medieval Germanic languages, the Goths are attested as
3723:(1942). "Ein vandalischer Name der Goten" [A Vandalic Name of the Goths].
449:
3655:
3627:
3573:
3548:
3517:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3382:
3354:
3163:
3159:
3131:
3127:
3073:
3045:
3009:(2008). "The Goths and Scandinavia". In Biehl, P. F.; Rassamakin, Y. Ya. (eds.).
2975:
2943:
2918:
2890:
2840:
2812:
2776:
2772:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2577:
2542:
1250:
1169:
1114:(coming from the Spanish part of the Iberian Peninsula), who would claim to have
726:
459:
102:
3320:
2771:(2002). "Sociolinguistic Perspectives And Language Contact In Proto-Nordic". In
612:
122:
The name of the Goths was probably first recorded by Greek and Roman writers as
73:, it is closely related to and probably means the same as the names of both the
3764:
3679:
3406:
3378:
3350:
3278:
3270:
3246:
2842:
Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth
2258:, p. 41. "However, linguists believe there is an indisputable connection."
1961:. "For âButonesâ it is fairly certain that Strabo wrote âGutonesâ (the Goths)."
1053:
876:, which is usually interpreted as 'the sacred heritage of the Goths'. The name
807:
665:
608:
225:
62:
3736:
479:
3748:
3712:
3509:
3451:
3282:
3251:"The Origin of the Goths from a Topolinguistic Perspective: A Short Proposal"
3097:
3006:
2967:
2914:
2886:
2728:
2716:
1589:
1303:
1244:
826:
689:
569:
546:
412:
3703:. Mindre Skrifter (in Swedish). Vol. 26. Center for Middelalderstudier
3333:
2653:
1581:
2800:
2768:
1218:
1111:
1001:
940:
721:, but several other emendations have been proposed for the text of Pliny.
637:
The name of the Goths is generally believed to have been first attested by
601:
596:, and the Geats derived their ethnonym from this name. The Geats and royal
283:
275:
309:
These forms are identical to the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the
2803:(2008). "People and Land in Early Scandinavia". In Garipzanov, Ildar H.;
1263:
1057:
1026:
956:
897:
858:
829:
803:
589:
145:
3615:
3535:
3207:
418:
3720:
3473:
2750:
2548:
1298:
1283:
1142:
1042:
1030:
1008:
948:
709:. In an earlier chapter, Pliny writes that the 4th century BC traveler
677:
673:
30:
3192:
Puclications of the Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study
2595:
1268:
1198:
1034:
1022:
981:
973:
944:
398:), which shares the same etymology and possibly the same meaning as *
368:
316:
153:
3689:. In Bruus, Mette; Lindberg, Carl-Erik; Nielsen, Hans Frede (eds.).
2945:
The Art of the Sublime: Principles of Christian Art and Architecture
1077:
896:
was sometimes applied also to several non-Gothic peoples, including
301:
3230:
3047:
Expansions: Competition and Conquest in Europe Since the Bronze Age
2556:
1308:
1210:
1203:
1061:
1037:
is a compound of Gothia-Alania, but this is probably not the case.
985:
939:, as this region had fallen under the control of Goths. Within the
795:
772:
597:
575:
557:
verbs meaning "to give birth". On this account, Icelandic linguist
455:
437:
171:
2671:
1806:
1804:
1423:, p. 402) cites the examples collected by Schönfeld in 1911 (
1102:, which according to Wolfram are "actual Gothic-Gautic names". In
2818:
2667:
2649:
2613:
2599:
1239:
1214:
1185:
1099:
932:
901:
884:. Alternatively it reflects a form of the ethnonym of the Gutes.
850:
780:
768:
736:
731:
710:
646:
632:
344:
333:
131:
90:
2920:
Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe
1161:
592:, Gaut was considered to be a manifestation of the Germanic god
584:
that the ancestor of the Goths was named Gapt (Proto-Germanic: *
473:
are generally thought to be related to the Proto-Germanic verb *
3409:(2004). "Origo Gentis: The Literature of Germanic Origins". In
2631:
2173:
2171:
1801:
1073:
905:
791:
657:
580:
205:
127:
112:
80:
3600:(1856). "Der name der Goten" [The Name of the Goths].
2515:
2491:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
2210:
1227:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1149:
997:
952:
928:
917:
913:
909:
865:
854:
628:
624:
423:
376:
311:
197:
85:
75:
42:
34:
3126:(2002). "Scandinavia In The Light of Ancient Tradition". In
2168:
2114:
2087:
2045:
2018:
1936:
1398:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2077:
2075:
1707:
1705:
1692:
1690:
1626:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1373:
1371:
1181:
593:
428:
3654:(1933). "B. §§ 116-127. The Gothic Branch: § 116. Name.".
2455:
2371:
2261:
1388:
1386:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1231:, a tradition followed later by Cassiodorus, Jordanes and
645:. This name was applied to peoples located near the lower
3343:
Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities
3218:
The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures
2503:
2479:
2198:
1663:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1325:
836:. No ancient sources make a connection between the names
754:
mentioned by Tacitus is generally considered the same as
680:. Most scholars believe this name should be corrected to
568:
is closely related to the Proto-Germanic verb "to pour",
501:
or the other way around, or else directly from the verb *
493:("to pour"). It is not clear, however, whether the name *
119:. Gutthiuda could also mean "Land of the Gothic people".
2436:
2388:
2351:
2312:
2300:
2156:
2072:
1843:
1821:
1819:
1767:
1765:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1702:
1687:
1651:
1495:
332:), a North Germanic tribe that dwelled on the island of
105:, the Goths referred to themselves collectively as the *
2278:
2276:
1383:
1348:
1083:
In the early twentieth century, the Danish philologist
1004:. This name means "Gothic-Scandia" or "Gothic coast".
771:
mentions the Gutones/Gythones as one of the peoples of
1831:
1789:
1738:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1434:
1098:
The Gothic name survives in the names of Götaland and
2544:
History of the Kings of the Goths, Vandals, and Suevi
2467:
2412:
2006:
1909:
1855:
1816:
1777:
1762:
1750:
1717:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1172:. The Vanir were particularly revered in Sweden (see
371:
sources do not distinguish between Gutes and Goths.
2288:
2273:
1867:
1526:
1025:. From the 8th to 10th century, a people called the
2339:
1675:
1538:
1476:
1225:making a simpler equation between the Goths to the
3101:
2537:
2497:
2227:
2225:
1457:
1202:. Already in the first half of the third century,
1021:. This area had earlier been under the control of
955:in 392, while the Visigothic name was invented by
436:), the mythical ancestor of the Goths attested by
3200:Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study
3158:(2002). "Nordic-Gothic linguistic relations". In
1969:
1967:
1514:
186:, and from the aforementioned Germano-Latin form
3746:
2030:
1033:. It is often suggested that the Spanish region
1029:are mentioned as living in the western coast of
880:probably reflects a form of the Gothic endonym *
653:may have meant "young" Goths or "great" Goths.
2222:
1899:
1897:
1156:. Such a distinction might be reflected in the
2249:
2131:
2129:
1964:
1118:as opposed to the dubious pedigree of locals.
810:inscription is damaged at this point, but the
607:Regardless of the meaning of the Gothic name,
41:provides critical evidence on the name of the
1921:
1884:
1882:
717:in Germania. This name is often corrected to
2430:For an example of Wolfram's explanation see
2183:
2099:
2057:
1894:
1209:Starting in the 4th century authors such as
959:centuries later, having earlier been simply
734:mentions the Gotones/Gothones as one of the
3469:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
3043:
2835:
2746:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
2521:
2509:
2485:
2461:
2255:
2231:
2177:
2126:
2120:
2093:
2051:
2024:
1973:
1942:
1810:
462:and which could refer to a 'Gothic river'.
182:and possibly equivalent to Biblical Gothic
135:
3660:. Vol. 2. Translated by Young, Jean.
3632:. Vol. 1. Translated by Young, Jean.
3446:
3214:
2723:
2237:
2216:
2204:
1979:
1879:
1508:
1420:
1121:
553:- is also found in an Old Norse and later
3626:(1929). "§ 24. Derivation from 'Goths'".
3523:Journal of English and Germanic Philology
3490:
3384:The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples
3255:North-Western European Language Evolution
3154:
2693:
2594:
2406:
2394:
1669:
1567:
1392:
927:From the late 4th century, the region of
861:near the Goths in subsequent centuries.
641:writes in the 1st century AD in the form
3122:
2863:
2666:
2648:
2555:
2333:
2105:
2063:
1645:
1532:
1451:
800:trilingual inscription at Naqsh-e Rostam
672:), who came under the domination of the
410:- can also be found in the names of the
300:
29:
3650:
3622:
3596:
3550:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
3542:
3516:
3405:
3377:
3349:
3186:
3068:
2977:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
2966:
2913:
2885:
2869:Altnordisches Etymologisches Worterbuch
2640:. Translated by Jones, Horace Leonard.
2612:
2604:. Translated by Dewing, Henry Bronson.
2473:
2449:
2418:
2357:
2321:
2306:
2267:
2243:
2189:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2081:
2012:
1985:
1915:
1903:
1888:
1849:
1837:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1696:
1416:
1404:
1377:
1342:
522:else refer to the name of an ancestor.
53:is one of the most discussed topics in
3747:
3719:
3327:[Nordic Tribes and Ethnonyms]
3319:
3005:
2630:
1954:
1927:
1873:
1861:
1825:
951:. The Ostrogothic name is attested in
130:referring to a people dwelling in the
3678:
3571:
3416:Early Germanic Literature and Culture
3277:
3245:
2941:
2799:
2767:
2576:
2345:
2294:
2282:
2036:
1997:
1991:
1657:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1555:
1520:
1489:
1152:-influenced Germanic tribes known as
1106:the Gothic name survives in the word
943:the two major Gothic groups were the
483:), which is in turn derived from the
96:
3190:(December 1912). "Gotthonic Names".
3096:
1711:
1681:
1470:
1314:
730:, published some years after Pliny,
347:"), which descends from an earlier *
3325:"Nordiska folkstammar och folknamn"
3012:Import and Imitation in Archaeology
2363:
13:
3498:[Goths, Gutes and Geats].
3439:
3359:. Translated by Dunlap, Thomas J.
3281:(2011). "Retracing the Goths". In
2562:The Origins and Deeds of the Goths
2530:
1607:
1188:among the early Germanic peoples.
1134:carried between groups of people.
530:meant "the people". In Old Norse,
359:("men"), whose ancestral form is *
14:
3776:
3263:John Benjamins Publishing Company
2686:
2373:Diccionario de la lengua española
1289:Swedes (Germanic tribe)#Etymology
794:. The Gothic name is attested in
3104:A Handbook of Germanic Etymology
3075:A Gothic Etymological Dictionary
1007:In the 8th century, the area of
713:encountered a people called the
367:-stem. Scholars have noted that
2845:. Translated by Flegal, Heidi.
2701:[Geats, Goths, Gutes].
2586:. Translated by Bostock, John.
2424:
2400:
1948:
1561:
701:, Pliny the Elder mentions the
649:. Herwig Wolfram suggests that
618:
477:, meaning "to pour" (cf. Goth.
448:- is also possibly attested in
216:, despite the different vowel.
3547:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
3389:University of California Press
3361:University of California Press
3296:Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis
2974:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
1410:
1191:
534:can mean "Goth" or "man", and
290:- (in place names) and in the
1:
2817:. Cursor Mundi. Vol. 5.
2729:"Goten: § 1. Namenkundliches"
767:, the 2nd-century geographer
746:, Tacitus again mentions the
695:Decades after Strabo, in his
660:mentions a people called the
422:(the Swedish homeland of the
388:) stems from Proto-Germanic *
111:"Gothic people", attested as
2680:; Brodribb, William Jackson.
2662:; Brodribb, William Jackson.
1238:In the late 4th century AD,
363:, also give evidence of the
305:Etymology of the name 'Goth'
244:), which co-existed with an
219:
7:
3472:(in German). Vol. 12.
3285:; Munkhammar, Lars (eds.).
2814:Franks, Northmen, and Slavs
2749:(in German). Vol. 12.
1570:Archiv fĂŒr Kulturgeschichte
1257:
170:(Goth), is inferred from a
16:Topic in Germanic philology
10:
3781:
3662:Cambridge University Press
3634:Cambridge University Press
3271:10.1075/nowele.58-59.16str
3044:Kristinsson, Axel (2010).
2570:Princeton University Press
935:came to be referred to as
916:and even the non-Germanic
622:
516:
262:) observable in the forms
57:. It is first recorded by
18:
3737:10.1080/00393274208586912
1959:Book VII, Chap. 1. Sec. 3
1932:Book VII, Chap. 1. Sec. 3
1080:, but this is uncertain.
1064:pejoratively by the name
965:Frankish Table of Nations
887:
705:as one of the peoples of
669:
3496:"Goter, gutar och götar"
3413:; Read, Malcolm (eds.).
3070:Lehmann, Winfred Philipp
2871:(1977 ed.). Brill.
1319:
559:Ăsgeir Blöndal MagnĂșsson
3572:Hinds, Kathryn (2010).
3555:Oxford University Press
3504:(in Swedish): 125â127.
3156:Scardigli, Piergiuseppe
2982:Oxford University Press
2925:Oxford University Press
2847:Museum Tusculanum Press
2624:New York Public Library
2498:Isidore of Seville 1970
1582:10.7788/akg-2017-990202
1122:Historical significance
1116:pure noble Gothic blood
1087:advocated renaming the
775:. He also mentions the
426:), and in the name of *
274:was also borrowed into
200:were built from a root
25:Gothic (disambiguation)
3557:. pp. 1346â1347.
3543:Dickens, Mark (2018).
2837:Christensen, Arne SĂžby
2041:Book XXXVIII, Chap. 11
1602:ostgerm. *gutĂŽ ,Gotin'
1407:, pp. 20, 22, 90.
1128:Piergiuseppe Scardigli
818:(Goths) and the Greek
549:for "horse". The root
306:
180:Pietroassa inscription
166:variant of the name, *
136:
46:
3725:Studia Neophilologica
3684:"De Origine Gothorum"
2942:Homan, Roger (2006).
2809:UrbaĆczyk, PrzemysĆaw
2699:"Göter, Goter, Gutar"
1242:equated the Goths to
922:East Germanic peoples
846:Arne SĂžby Christensen
656:The Greek geographer
304:
282:, as attested in the
232:is reconstructed as *
33:
21:Goth (disambiguation)
3705:Syddansk Universitet
3476:. pp. 278â283.
3454:[Geats]. In
3421:Boydell & Brewer
3356:History of the Goths
3172:. pp. 553â558.
3165:The Nordic Languages
3140:. pp. 593â604.
3133:The Nordic Languages
3052:ReykjavĂkurAkademĂan
3022:. pp. 223â243.
2897:Blackwell Publishing
2785:. pp. 685â690.
2778:The Nordic Languages
2753:. pp. 402â403.
2588:Taylor & Francis
1813:, pp. 144, 175.
1714:, pp. 129, 147.
1419:, p. 164) and
980:In the 6th century,
416:river in Sweden, in
37:inscriptions on the
19:For other uses, see
3492:Andersson, Thorsten
3448:Andersson, Thorsten
2821:. pp. 87â112.
2725:Andersson, Thorsten
2695:Andersson, Thorsten
2678:Church, Alfred John
2660:Church, Alfred John
2601:History of the Wars
2583:The Natural History
2524:, pp. 313â314.
2270:, pp. 115â116.
2219:, pp. 360â361.
1660:, pp. 90, 110.
1648:, pp. 603â604.
1345:, pp. 163â164.
1047:Gothic architecture
868:inscription on the
777:Gutae/Gautae/Goutai
740:. In a later work,
684:(Greek: ÎÎżÏÏÏΜαÏ).
485:Proto-Indo-European
204:. This could be an
3707:. pp. 23â35.
3636:. pp. 30â35.
3580:Marshall Cavendish
3423:. pp. 39â54.
3298:. pp. 41â54.
2950:Ashgate Publishing
2567:Mierow, Charles C.
2539:Isidore of Seville
2336:, p. IV (25).
1623:, pp. 90, 110
1294:Names of the Celts
1279:Name of the Franks
1233:Isidore of Seville
1223:Augustine of Hippo
1137:Anders Kaliff and
1013:Carolingian Empire
971:Goths of Spain as
870:Ring of Pietroassa
686:Thorsten Andersson
307:
97:Endonym and exonym
55:Germanic philology
47:
39:Ring of Pietroassa
3643:978-1-107-67478-3
3315:on March 5, 2020.
3170:Walter de Gruyter
3138:Walter de Gruyter
3115:978-90-04-12875-0
3098:Orel, Vladimir E.
3039:on March 4, 2020.
3029:978-3-937517-95-7
3020:Beier & Beran
2878:978-90-04-05436-3
2805:Geary, Patrick J.
2783:Walter de Gruyter
2452:, pp. 28â29.
2360:, pp. 69â98.
2324:, pp. 24â26.
2309:, pp. 19â20.
2180:, pp. 38â39.
2165:, pp. 37â39.
2123:, pp. 36â38.
2096:, pp. 35â36.
2084:, pp. 40â41.
2054:, pp. 25â31.
2027:, pp. 34â35.
2002:Book IV, Chap. 28
1945:, pp. 32â33.
1852:, pp. 26â28.
1699:, pp. 20â21.
1380:, pp. 19â24.
1315:Notes and sources
1000:was still called
834:Claudius Gothicus
832:assumed the name
538:signifies "men".
321:
257:
239:
51:name of the Goths
3772:
3740:
3716:
3702:
3688:
3675:
3671:978-1-10767723-4
3664:. pp. 7â9.
3652:SchĂŒtte, Gudmund
3647:
3624:SchĂŒtte, Gudmund
3619:
3593:
3568:
3539:
3518:Collitz, Hermann
3513:
3487:
3434:
3402:
3374:
3346:
3330:
3316:
3314:
3308:. Archived from
3293:
3288:Wulfila 311-2011
3274:
3249:(January 2010).
3242:
3211:
3188:SchĂŒtte, Gudmund
3183:
3151:
3124:RĂŒbekeil, Ludwig
3119:
3107:
3093:
3065:
3040:
3038:
3032:. Archived from
3017:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2963:
2938:
2910:
2882:
2860:
2832:
2796:
2764:
2720:
2681:
2676:. Translated by
2663:
2658:. Translated by
2645:
2627:
2609:
2591:
2573:
2565:. Translated by
2552:
2525:
2522:Christensen 2002
2519:
2513:
2510:Christensen 2002
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2486:Christensen 2002
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2462:Christensen 2002
2459:
2453:
2447:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2256:Christensen 2002
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2232:Christensen 2002
2229:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2187:
2181:
2178:Christensen 2002
2175:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2124:
2121:Christensen 2002
2118:
2112:
2103:
2097:
2094:Christensen 2002
2091:
2085:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2052:Christensen 2002
2049:
2043:
2034:
2028:
2025:Christensen 2002
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1974:Christensen 2002
1971:
1962:
1952:
1946:
1943:Christensen 2002
1940:
1934:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1892:
1886:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1814:
1811:Kristinsson 2010
1808:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1715:
1709:
1700:
1694:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1672:, pp. 13ff.
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1624:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1493:
1487:
1474:
1468:
1455:
1449:
1432:
1421:Andersson (1998b
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1346:
1340:
1093:Gothonic peoples
1089:Germanic peoples
752:Gotones/Gothones
671:
336:. The adjective
319:
255:
237:
139:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3760:Gothic language
3745:
3744:
3743:
3700:
3697:Gothic Workshop
3692:Gotisk Workshop
3686:
3680:Strid, Jan Paul
3672:
3657:Our Forefathers
3644:
3629:Our Forefathers
3590:
3565:
3484:
3442:
3440:Further reading
3437:
3431:
3407:Wolfram, Herwig
3399:
3379:Wolfram, Herwig
3371:
3351:Wolfram, Herwig
3328:
3312:
3306:
3291:
3279:Strid, Jan Paul
3247:Strid, Jan Paul
3180:
3168:. Vol. 1.
3148:
3136:. Vol. 1.
3116:
3090:
3062:
3036:
3030:
3015:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2984:. p. 673.
2960:
2935:
2907:
2879:
2857:
2829:
2793:
2781:. Vol. 1.
2761:
2689:
2684:
2533:
2531:Ancient sources
2528:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2223:
2217:Sprengling 1940
2215:
2211:
2205:Sprengling 1940
2203:
2199:
2188:
2184:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2073:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1965:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1895:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1718:
1710:
1703:
1695:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1627:
1619:, p. 688;
1615:
1608:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1509:Andersson 1998b
1507:
1496:
1488:
1477:
1469:
1458:
1450:
1435:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1349:
1341:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1274:Götaland theory
1260:
1251:Book of Ezekiel
1194:
1170:Norse mythology
1139:Ludwig RĂŒbekeil
1124:
1085:Gudmund SchĂŒtte
1060:would refer to
890:
872:can be read as
698:Natural History
635:
621:
519:
460:Pliny the Elder
351:, and the noun
248:-stem variant *
222:
178:, found on the
103:Gothic language
99:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3778:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3742:
3741:
3717:
3676:
3670:
3648:
3642:
3620:
3610:(3): 153â155.
3594:
3589:978-0761445166
3588:
3569:
3563:
3540:
3530:(2): 220â238.
3514:
3488:
3482:
3456:Beck, Heinrich
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3429:
3411:Murdoch, Brian
3403:
3398:978-0520085114
3397:
3375:
3369:
3347:
3337:(in Swedish).
3317:
3304:
3283:Kaliff, Anders
3275:
3243:
3231:10.1086/370585
3225:(4): 341â429.
3212:
3184:
3178:
3152:
3146:
3120:
3114:
3094:
3088:
3066:
3061:978-9979992219
3060:
3041:
3028:
3007:Kaliff, Anders
3003:
2990:
2968:Heather, Peter
2964:
2958:
2939:
2933:
2915:Heather, Peter
2911:
2906:0-631-209-32-8
2905:
2887:Heather, Peter
2883:
2877:
2861:
2855:
2833:
2827:
2797:
2791:
2765:
2759:
2733:Beck, Heinrich
2721:
2707:(in Swedish).
2690:
2688:
2687:Modern sources
2685:
2683:
2682:
2664:
2646:
2628:
2610:
2592:
2574:
2553:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2514:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2464:, p. 233.
2454:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2407:Scardigli 2002
2399:
2397:, p. 553.
2395:Scardigli 2002
2387:
2362:
2350:
2338:
2326:
2311:
2299:
2297:, p. 104.
2287:
2285:, p. 445.
2272:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2221:
2209:
2207:, p. 363.
2197:
2182:
2167:
2155:
2140:
2125:
2113:
2098:
2086:
2071:
2056:
2044:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1990:
1978:
1963:
1947:
1935:
1920:
1908:
1893:
1878:
1866:
1864:, p. 225.
1854:
1842:
1840:, p. 110.
1830:
1828:, p. 236.
1815:
1800:
1798:, p. 673.
1788:
1776:
1761:
1749:
1747:, p. 156.
1737:
1716:
1701:
1686:
1684:, p. 129.
1674:
1670:Andersson 1996
1662:
1650:
1625:
1606:
1576:(2): 297â340.
1560:
1537:
1525:
1513:
1511:, p. 402.
1494:
1492:, p. 688.
1475:
1473:, p. 147.
1456:
1454:, p. 183.
1433:
1409:
1397:
1395:, p. 557.
1393:Scardigli 2002
1382:
1347:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1193:
1190:
1123:
1120:
1054:Russian Empire
889:
886:
874:Gutaniwiheilag
822:("of Goths").
808:Middle Persian
620:
617:
609:Herwig Wolfram
518:
515:
226:Proto-Germanic
221:
218:
152:(singular) in
98:
95:
63:Proto-Germanic
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3777:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3727:(in German).
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3606:(in German).
3605:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3564:9780191744457
3560:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3526:(in German).
3525:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3483:3-11-016227-X
3479:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3464:Timpe, Dieter
3461:
3460:Steuer, Heiko
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3432:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3326:
3322:
3321:Wessén, Elias
3318:
3311:
3307:
3305:9789155486648
3301:
3297:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3179:9783110148763
3175:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3160:Bandle, Oskar
3157:
3153:
3149:
3147:9783110148763
3143:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3128:Bandle, Oskar
3125:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3004:
2993:
2991:9780191744457
2987:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2936:
2934:9780199892266
2930:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2865:de Vries, Jan
2862:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2828:9782503526157
2824:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2801:Brink, Stefan
2798:
2794:
2792:9783110148763
2788:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2773:Bandle, Oskar
2770:
2769:Brink, Stefan
2766:
2762:
2760:3-11-016227-X
2756:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2741:Timpe, Dieter
2738:
2737:Steuer, Heiko
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2637:The Geography
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2523:
2518:
2512:, p. 44.
2511:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2488:, p. 51.
2487:
2482:
2476:, p. 28.
2475:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2432:
2427:
2421:, p. 23.
2420:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2396:
2391:
2375:
2374:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2348:, p. 49.
2347:
2342:
2335:
2334:Jordanes 1908
2330:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2291:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2106:Tacitus 1876b
2102:
2095:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2069:
2065:
2064:Tacitus 1876a
2060:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2015:, p. 40.
2014:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1918:, p. 20.
1917:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1876:, p. 28.
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1797:
1792:
1786:, p. 12.
1785:
1780:
1774:, p. 47.
1773:
1768:
1766:
1759:, p. 39.
1758:
1753:
1746:
1741:
1735:, p. 21.
1734:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1646:RĂŒbekeil 2002
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1558:, p. 43.
1557:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1534:
1533:RĂŒbekeil 2002
1529:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1452:de Vries 1962
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:Lehmann (1986
1413:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Gutian people
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1180:), while the
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1015:was known as
1014:
1010:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
976:
975:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
828:
827:Roman emperor
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:
739:
738:
733:
729:
728:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:
693:
691:
690:Peter Heather
687:
683:
679:
675:
667:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
634:
630:
626:
616:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:
577:
573:
571:
570:Anders Kaliff
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
547:Old Icelandic
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
523:
514:
512:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
486:
482:
481:
476:
472:
468:
463:
461:
458:mentioned by
457:
454:, a river in
453:
452:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:
425:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:
374:The ethnonym
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:
318:
314:
313:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
253:
252:
247:
243:
235:
231:
227:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
163:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
109:
104:
94:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
44:
40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
3728:
3724:
3696:
3691:
3656:
3628:
3607:
3601:
3574:
3549:
3527:
3521:
3501:Namn og Bygd
3499:
3468:
3414:
3383:
3355:
3338:
3332:
3310:the original
3287:
3258:
3254:
3222:
3216:
3195:
3191:
3164:
3132:
3103:
3074:
3046:
3034:the original
3011:
2995:. Retrieved
2976:
2944:
2919:
2891:
2868:
2856:87-7289-7104
2841:
2813:
2777:
2745:
2708:
2704:Namn og Bygd
2702:
2672:
2654:
2642:W. Heinemann
2636:
2618:
2600:
2582:
2561:
2543:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2474:Wolfram 1990
2469:
2457:
2450:Wolfram 1990
2426:
2419:Wolfram 1990
2414:
2402:
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2372:
2365:
2358:SchĂŒtte 1912
2353:
2341:
2329:
2322:Wolfram 1990
2307:Wolfram 1990
2302:
2290:
2268:Heather 1998
2263:
2251:
2244:Wolfram 1990
2239:
2212:
2200:
2190:Ptolemy 1932
2185:
2163:Wolfram 1990
2158:
2148:Ptolemy 1932
2143:
2136:Heather 2010
2116:
2101:
2089:
2082:Wolfram 1990
2059:
2047:
2032:
2020:
2013:Wolfram 1990
2008:
1993:
1986:Wolfram 1990
1981:
1950:
1938:
1923:
1916:Wolfram 1990
1911:
1904:Heather 1998
1889:Wolfram 1990
1869:
1857:
1850:Wolfram 1997
1845:
1838:Wolfram 1990
1833:
1796:Heather 2018
1791:
1784:Wolfram 1990
1779:
1772:Wolfram 2004
1757:Wolfram 1990
1752:
1745:Lehmann 1986
1740:
1733:Wolfram 1990
1697:Wolfram 1990
1677:
1665:
1653:
1601:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1528:
1516:
1412:
1405:Wolfram 1990
1400:
1378:Wolfram 1990
1343:Lehmann 1986
1249:
1243:
1237:
1226:
1219:Saint Jerome
1208:
1197:
1195:
1160:between the
1153:
1147:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1112:Peninsulares
1107:
1097:
1092:
1082:
1069:
1065:
1051:
1039:
1016:
1006:
1002:Gothiscandza
993:
989:
988:mention the
979:
972:
960:
941:Roman Empire
936:
926:
893:
891:
881:
877:
873:
863:
841:
837:
833:
824:
819:
815:
787:
785:
779:of southern
776:
762:
761:In his work
760:
755:
751:
747:
741:
735:
725:
724:In the work
723:
718:
714:
706:
702:
696:
694:
681:
661:
655:
650:
642:
636:
619:Attestations
613:Elias Wessén
606:
602:Anglo-Saxons
585:
579:
574:
565:
564:As the word
563:
555:Scandinavian
550:
542:
540:
535:
531:
527:
524:
520:
510:
507:
502:
498:
497:stems from *
494:
489:
478:
474:
470:
466:
464:
450:
445:
441:
433:
427:
417:
411:
407:
403:
399:
393:
389:
385:
384:; Old Norse
381:
375:
373:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
340:
337:
329:
325:
322:
310:
308:
295:
287:
284:Old Prussian
279:
276:Proto-Baltic
271:
267:
263:
259:
249:
245:
241:
233:
229:
223:
213:
209:
201:
195:
190:
187:
183:
175:
174:plural form
167:
161:
158:
149:
144:(plural) in
141:
123:
121:
116:
106:
100:
84:
79:of southern
74:
70:
66:
50:
48:
3731:: 132â134.
3721:Vasmer, Max
3598:Lottner, C.
3545:"Scythians"
3265:: 443â452.
2997:January 25,
1955:Strabo 1924
1928:Strabo 1924
1874:Wessén 1969
1862:Kaliff 2008
1826:Kaliff 2008
1264:Gothic name
1192:Other names
1058:Lithuanians
1027:Gothogreeks
994:Gauthigoths
957:Cassiodorus
898:Burgundians
859:Carpathians
830:Claudius II
825:In 269 the
804:Gordian III
750:. The name
674:Marcomannic
639:Greco-Roman
590:Scandinavia
545:is used in
444:. The root
424:Geats/Gauts
406:. The root
392:(singular *
349:gutan-iskaÊ
159:A Germanic
146:Old English
59:Greco-Roman
3749:Categories
3474:De Gruyter
3430:157113199X
3370:0520069838
3334:FornvÀnnen
3089:9004081763
2959:0754650731
2751:De Gruyter
2673:The Annals
2549:E.J. Brill
2346:Homan 2006
2295:Brink 2008
2283:Strid 2010
2037:Pliny 1855
1998:Pliny 1855
1658:Brink 2008
1621:Brink 2008
1617:Brink 2002
1556:Strid 2011
1521:Brink 2002
1490:Brink 2002
1299:God (word)
1284:Theodiscus
1143:Baltic Sea
1043:Gothic art
1031:Asia Minor
1009:Septimania
967:refers to
949:Ostrogoths
798:'s famous
743:The Annals
678:Maroboduus
623:See also:
578:writes in
465:The roots
343:("Gothic,
338:gutniskr ~
292:Lithuanian
3755:Ethnonyms
3713:1601-1899
3510:0077-2704
3450:(1998a).
3239:170471113
3202:: 69â98.
3108:. Brill.
2892:The Goths
2727:(1998b).
2717:0077-2704
2670:(1876b).
2652:(1876a).
2619:Geography
2606:Heinemann
2596:Procopius
2380:12 August
1712:Orel 2003
1682:Orel 2003
1598:186900650
1590:0003-9233
1471:Orel 2003
1269:Gothicism
1199:Scythians
1158:conflicts
1035:Catalonia
1023:Visigoths
982:Procopius
974:Valagothi
969:Romanized
945:Visigoths
892:The name
820:Gouththon
764:Geography
369:Old Norse
317:Old Norse
220:Etymology
188:Gutones ~
154:Old Norse
117:GutĂŸiudai
115:singular
108:Gut-ĂŸiuda
3682:(2008).
3616:40844460
3536:27698996
3494:(2015).
3466:(eds.).
3381:(1997).
3353:(1990).
3345:: 14â36.
3323:(1969).
3208:40914903
3100:(2003).
3072:(1986).
2970:(2018).
2917:(2010).
2889:(1998).
2867:(1962).
2839:(2002).
2811:(eds.).
2743:(eds.).
2711:: 5â21.
2697:(1996).
2655:Germania
2634:(1924).
2616:(1932).
2598:(1914).
2580:(1855).
2559:(1908).
2557:Jordanes
2541:(1970).
2370:"godo".
1309:Farfanes
1258:See also
1211:Claudian
1204:Dexippos
1154:Teutones
1062:Russians
986:Jordanes
812:Parthian
796:Shapur I
773:Sarmatia
727:Germania
707:Germania
670:ÎÎżÏÏÏΜαÏ
598:Lombards
576:Jordanes
503:geutanan
475:geutanan
456:Germania
451:Guthalus
438:Jordanes
419:Götaland
413:Göta Àlv
341:gotniskr
228:form of
208:form of
172:genitive
3452:"GĂžtar"
3162:(ed.).
3130:(ed.).
2972:"Goths"
2775:(ed.).
2668:Tacitus
2650:Tacitus
2614:Ptolemy
1248:in the
1240:Ambrose
1215:Orosius
1186:endonym
1104:Spanish
1100:Gotland
1052:In the
1011:in the
933:Balkans
931:in the
902:Vandals
851:Vandals
838:Gutones
781:Scandia
769:Ptolemy
756:Gutones
748:Gotones
737:Germani
732:Tacitus
719:Gutones
715:Guiones
711:Pytheas
703:Gutones
682:Gutones
662:Butones
651:Gutones
647:Vistula
643:Gutones
633:Gotones
517:Meaning
490:*ǔʰewd-
432:(PGmc *
404:Gutaniz
361:gutaniz
345:Gutnish
334:Gotland
323:Gutar ~
286:prefix
264:Gutones
260:Gutaniz
251:GutĆ(n)
191:Gotones
148:and as
132:Vistula
124:Gutones
101:In the
91:Gotland
71:Gutaniz
3711:
3699:]
3668:
3640:
3614:
3586:
3561:
3534:
3508:
3480:
3427:
3395:
3367:
3302:
3261:(59).
3237:
3206:
3176:
3144:
3112:
3086:
3058:
3026:
2988:
2956:
2931:
2903:
2875:
2853:
2825:
2789:
2757:
2715:
2632:Strabo
1596:
1588:
1150:Celtic
1078:GdaĆsk
1074:Gdynia
1068:(i.e.
1056:, the
990:Gautoi
937:Gothia
906:Gepids
888:Legacy
882:Gutans
878:Gutani
814:reads
792:Danube
658:Strabo
631:, and
588:). In
581:Getica
536:gotnar
511:gentes
499:Gautaz
480:giutan
434:Gautaz
395:Gautaz
390:GautĆz
386:gautar
357:gotnar
353:gutnar
328:< *
268:gutani
214:Gutans
206:ablaut
184:GutanÄ
176:gutani
168:Gutan-
128:exonym
113:dative
81:Sweden
3765:Goths
3701:(PDF)
3695:[
3687:(PDF)
3612:JSTOR
3575:Goths
3532:JSTOR
3329:(PDF)
3313:(PDF)
3292:(PDF)
3235:S2CID
3204:JSTOR
3198:(3).
3080:BRILL
3037:(PDF)
3016:(PDF)
2731:. In
2578:Pliny
1594:S2CID
1429:p.123
1425:p.120
1320:Notes
1228:Getae
1182:Sagas
1178:Freyr
1174:Yngvi
1166:Vanir
1070:Gudes
1066:Gudas
1018:Gotia
998:Berig
953:Milan
929:Dacia
918:Alans
914:Sciri
910:Rugii
894:Goths
866:runic
855:Rugii
842:Goths
788:Goths
676:king
666:Greek
629:Gauts
625:Gutes
528:Goths
495:Gutaz
487:root
471:gaut-
400:GutĆz
382:Gauts
377:Geats
330:GutĆz
326:Gotar
312:Gutes
296:GĂčdas
294:name
280:Gudaz
272:Gutaz
242:GutĆz
234:Gutaz
202:Gaut-
198:Geats
164:-stem
142:Gotan
137:Gothi
126:, an
86:Gutes
76:Geats
67:GutĆz
43:Goths
35:Runic
3709:ISSN
3666:ISBN
3638:ISBN
3584:ISBN
3559:ISBN
3506:ISSN
3478:ISBN
3425:ISBN
3393:ISBN
3365:ISBN
3300:ISBN
3174:ISBN
3142:ISBN
3110:ISBN
3084:ISBN
3056:ISBN
3024:ISBN
2999:2020
2986:ISBN
2954:ISBN
2929:ISBN
2901:ISBN
2873:ISBN
2851:ISBN
2823:ISBN
2787:ISBN
2755:ISBN
2713:ISSN
2382:2020
2194:2.10
2068:XLIV
1586:ISSN
1221:and
1176:and
1164:and
1162:Ăsir
1108:godo
1076:and
1045:and
992:and
984:and
961:Vesi
947:and
853:and
840:and
600:and
594:Odin
586:Gaut
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