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from vassalage as a fellow Muslim. Tekuder sent a second embassy, headed by his religious mentor Kamal al-Din Abd ul-Rahman to Egypt from Tabriz in June 1283. However, this embassy was late as it arrived on 2 March 1284 and was granted audience on 26 August 1284, 16 days after
Tekuder's death. Which
615:
Tekuder was accused of the unjust execution of
Qonqurtai, his half-brother in a trial presided over by Arghun. While Tekuder asked for mercy and clemency, Qonqurtai's Chinese (or Khitan) mother Ajuja demanded his execution. While not in favour of execution, the rebellions of his uncle Hulachu and
655:
When Arghun received no reply, he declared war against
Tekuder. Tekuder requested help from the Mamluk Sultan, but the Mamluks did not fully co-operate with him. Having a small and inferior army, Tekuder was defeated by Arghun's larger force, and he was eventually executed on August 10, 1284.
567:
Despite this, Tekuder continued hostilities and continued to advance on Arghun. This caused Buqa to harbour resentment towards
Tekuder and to grow more sympathetic to Arghun. On the other hand, he lost the favour of Tekuder who started to invest his trust in Aq Buqa, another Jalair general.
432:
of charges brought against him by Majd al-Mulk Yazdi, a vizier who accused him of embezzling state funds. Tekuder restored him to the government of
Baghdad, while people lynched Majd al-Mulk for witchcraft. He also appointed his younger half-brother,
487:
in spring to gain the allegiance of minor nobles and amirs. Tekuder on the other hand began to be suspicious of his half-brother
Qonqurtai and Arghun's potential alliance. Qonqurtai was accused of conspiracy and was arrested by Tekuder's son-in-law,
461:
302:
tribe as his seventh son. His birth date is not mentioned elsewhere but according to sources he died aged 37, therefore his birth year must have been around 1246 or 1247. He was baptized in his childhood as a
543:
order also fought in Arghun's army during this battle. Arghun tried negotiate a truce, which Ahmad, against the advice of his councillors, refused. Another embassy sent by Arghun, this time led by his son
339:
he had been given information about his religious mentor and perhaps the person responsible for
Tekuder's conversion - Kamal al-Din Abd ul-Rahman. He was described as a Greek slave of
575:, a strong fortress on 7 July with 100 men. But he was forced to surrender to Alinaq four days later. Victorious, Tekuder left Arghun in Alinaq's custody while he himself left for
643:
since he was a Muslim sultan. The first embassy headed by Qutb al-Din
Shirazi left Aladagh for Egypt on 25 August 1282. He expressed his aim to forge an alliance with
1618:
453:
to spend the winter of 1282-1283 and restarted the investigation of the accusations of embezzlement which may have caused Ata Malik's stroke on 5 March 1283.
1546:
564:, then the most senior of Tekuder's commanders, on 13 or 28 June. Buqa in turn handed him over to Ahmad who put Gaykhatu in Tödai Khatun's encampment.
1613:
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603:, who had been sent by Buqa, soon caught up with and arrested Tekuder. He was turned over to Arghun on 26 July on the Ab-i Shur pasturelands, near
1952:
960:
2562:
616:
cousin
Jushkab in Hamadan forced him decide in favour of Qonqurtai's family. They had Ahmed executed on 10 August 1284 by breaking his back.
515:
His next step was to send Alinaq with 15,000 men against Arghun, while he himself followed Alinaq on 26 April with his main army composed of
2557:
311:. He arrived in the Ilkhanate sometime in the 1260s with his mother Qutui and brother Tekshin. Years later, he was granted governorship of
583:
was seeking - he broke into Alinaq's camp and set Arghun free, while killing Alinaq. Tekuder fled west and looted Buqa's encampment near
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against the wishes of his own council in a letter. Qalawun sent a reply on 3 December 1282 urging
Tekuder to release the
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323:, who respected his mother Qutui. Qutui was also invested with territories with income of 100.000 gold coins near
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1986:
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351:. Abd ul-Rahman was introduced to Tekuder later by his mother Qutui Khatun. Tekuder sometime later converted to
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on 31 May. The embassy was a success, as Ahmad accepted a truce on the condition that Arghun send his brother
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El Qutlugh Khatun, daughter of Kingshu or Orghutaq (in both cases, a granddaughter of Jumghur, a son of
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2005:
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as a hostage. Arghun agreed to the terms and sent his brother accompanied by two amirs, including
1970:
465:"The war of two Il-Khanid rulers, Arghun Khan vs. Sultan Ahmad" (Tekuder). Folio from a revised,
359:. While Abd ul-Rahman would later rise in court and eventually be an ambassador to Mamluk Egypt.
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The circumstances of Tekuder's conversion to Islam are unknown. However, according to
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496:- on 17 January 1284, and was executed the next day. An army contingent was sent to
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1037:. Fisher, W. B. (William Bayne). Cambridge: University Press. 1968–1991. pp.
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736:
Tödegü Khatun, daughter of Musa Güregen of Khongirad (a son of Princess Tumelün)
340:
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Tekuder had eight consorts from different clans and several children with them:
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Power, politics, and tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate of Iran
900:
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336:
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1114:
The Throne Carrier of God: The Life and Thought of 'Ala' ad-dawla as-Simnani
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406:. He was elected on 6 May 1282 and enthroned on 21 June 1282 at Aladagh (
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Kalturmish Khatun - married firstly to Shadai, son of Bughu (perhaps
673:
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fled to Khorasan, to Arghun's encampment while several emirs such as
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394:'s death in April 1282. The main competition was between his nephew
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Chechak Khatun - married to Borachu, son of Durabai - Governor of
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Sultan of the Persian-based Ilkhanate (1246-1284) (r. 1282-1284)
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531:. Arghun prevailed against Alinaq in battle on 4 May, south of
476:
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271:
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80:
28:
1211:"Marriage, Family and Politics: The Ilkhanid-Oirat Connection"
997:
Jalayirids: Dynastic State Formation in the Mongol Middle East
579:, where his main army was stationed. This was the opportunity
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Second wife - Armini Khatun, a lady from the Khongirad tribe
505:
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1889:(1205 / 1207 / 1209–10 / 1225–27)
1141:
The Mongols in Iran: Qutb Al-Din Shirazi's Akhbar-i Moghulan
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2408:
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was also arrested and executed by Buqa on 16 October 1284.
580:
561:
343:, who rose in rank thanks to his skills at alchemy and met
721:
Maynu Khatun - married to Jandan, son of Garai Baurchi of
2494:
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in revenge. He continued on to his own pasturelands near
445:
believed that the Juvayni brothers were responsible for
535:, but nevertheless retreated to his lands in Khorasan.
425:. He adopted his Muslim name Ahmed as his regnal name.
222:
1619:
List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
754:
Tödai Khatun (m. 6 April 1284), widow of Abaqa Khan;
1261:The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
1614:Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe
258: – 10 August 1284), also known as
2544:
772:), married secondly to Toghan, son of Shadai of
2034:(1220–22 / 1226–31 / 1237–64)
1088:"JOVAYNI, ʿALĀʾ-AL-DIN – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
483:As Arghun's dissatisfaction grew, he left for
402:such as Shiktur Noyan, Suqunjaq Noyan and the
1337:
1517:
881:International Journal of Middle East Studies
729:Baytegin Khatun, daughter of Husayn Agha of
672:Senior wife - Töküz Khatun, a lady from the
278:. He was eventually succeeded by his nephew
1208:
828:
228:
1344:
1330:
1000:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 31.
979:The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
959:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
835:(1 ed.). Cambridge University Press.
36:
832:Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire
631:
571:Arghun's next step was to seek refuge in
1181:
874:
618:
460:
361:
290:Tekuder was born c. 1246 in Mongolia to
195:
803:"AḤMAD TAKŪDĀR – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
2545:
1964:(1277 / 1283 / 1287)
1923:(1236 / 1240 / 1252)
739:Saylun Khatun - married to Qaracha of
456:
378:He arrived to the Jaghatu valley near
330:
2283:
1794:
1516:
1363:
1325:
1209:Broadbridge, Anne F. (January 2016).
1177:
1175:
1110:
679:Kuchuk Khatun - married to Alinaq of
652:led to the envoy's arrest and death.
591:on 17 July planning to escape to the
373:
104:
2563:Former Church of the East Christians
1795:
1547:Administrative divisions and vassals
1215:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
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523:in addition to Mongols stationed in
200:Tekuder leading his Mongol warriors.
144:Sultan Ahmed Tekuder bin Hulagu Khan
2558:Converts to Islam from Christianity
1814:
927:Hope, Michael (22 September 2016).
829:Broadbridge, Anne F. (2018-07-18).
421:'Great Mountain'), east of
270:from 1282 to 1284. He was a son of
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13:
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14:
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1185:Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan
1077:
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915:
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877:"Tegüder's Ultimatum to Qalawun"
875:Allouche, Adel (November 1990).
475:("The Quintessence of Purity"),
42:Tekuder receives an ambassador,
1364:
1259:Atwood, Christopher P. (2004).
1202:
1131:
639:advised him to make peace with
548:arrived at Tekuder's camp near
449:death by poisoning. He came to
1182:Komaroff, Linda (2006-10-05).
1117:. SUNY Press. pp. 18–19.
1111:Elias, Jamal J. (1995-01-01).
1104:
967:
44:Tarikh-i Jahangushay-i Juvaini
1:
2573:13th-century monarchs in Asia
2534:Timeline of the Mongol Empire
2231:Division of the Mongol Empire
1033:The Cambridge history of Iran
785:
441:the following month. However
347:to whom he was introduced by
285:
252:
994:Wing, Patrick (2016-01-18).
931:. Oxford. pp. 127–132.
696:Könchek Khatun (executed by
479:, Iran, dated September 1582
7:
1481:Manghit / Mangudai
1138:Lane, George (2018-05-03).
512:and Doladai were arrested.
428:His first act was to clear
223:
128:
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62:6 May 1282 – 10 August 1284
10:
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2260:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
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1981:(1257 / 1284–88)
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1604:Byzantine–Mongol Alliance
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1227:10.1017/S1356186315000681
975:A History of the Crusades
893:10.1017/S0020743800034358
841:10.1017/9781108347990.010
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1164:: CS1 maint: location (
386:for the election of new
355:and changed his name to
2588:13th-century executions
1557:Invasions and conquests
1476:Paiza / Gerege
539:, future Sufi saint of
307:and was given the name
2214:(1260 / 1301)
1942:(1274 / 1281)
1609:Franco-Mongol alliance
1263:. Facts on File, Inc.
1188:. BRILL. p. 286.
1069:: CS1 maint: others (
700:in 1319) - married to
632:Relations with Mamluks
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2568:Mongol Empire Muslims
1092:www.iranicaonline.org
807:www.iranicaonline.org
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199:
2105:Serbia and Bulgaria
658:Shams al-Din Juvayni
637:Shams al-Din Juvayni
625:Shams al-Din Juvayni
560:into the custody of
537:Ala ud-Daula Simnani
96:1246 or 1247
2352:Khagans of the Yuan
2081:Poland and Bohemia
1857:Khwarazmian Empire
1582:Society and economy
457:Rivalry with Arghun
341:al-Musta'sim Billah
331:Conversion to Islam
305:Nestorian Christian
2097:Holy Roman Empire
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2236:Toluid Civil War
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2016:
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1589:House of Borjigin
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1311:Succeeded by
1195:978-90-474-1857-3
1151:978-1-351-38752-1
1144:. 60: Routledge.
1124:978-0-7914-2611-1
1007:978-1-4744-0226-2
973:Steven Runciman.
938:978-0-19-108107-1
850:978-1-108-34799-0
757:Qurquchin Agachi
492:- the viceroy of
430:Ata-Malik Juvayni
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1292:Preceded by
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469:edition of the
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2094:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1968:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1927:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
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1599:Mongol Armenia
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1287:Regnal titles
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1103:
1076:
1047:
1013:
1006:
983:
966:
937:
914:
887:(4): 437–446.
864:
849:
818:
790:
789:
787:
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783:
782:
781:
780:
763:
762:
761:
755:
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743:
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727:
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725:
719:
713:
694:
691:
685:
684:
683:
665:
662:
633:
630:
612:
609:
573:Kalat-e Naderi
472:Safvat al-safa
458:
455:
382:to attend the
375:
372:
332:
329:
287:
284:
192:
191:
186:
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107:(aged 37)
102:
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24:
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2407:
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2404:Chagatai Khan
2402:
2400:
2397:
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2210:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2186:
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2178:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2113:Latin Empire
2111:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1910:
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1647:
1643:
1642:Northern Yuan
1640:
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1567:Imperial Seal
1565:
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1462:
1461:
1460:Pax Mongolica
1457:
1455:
1452:
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1447:
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1441:
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1433:
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1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:Mongol Empire
1347:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1285:
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1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:0-8160-4671-9
1266:
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1191:
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1186:
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1176:
1167:
1161:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1126:
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1115:
1107:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1048:0-521-06935-1
1044:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1009:
1003:
999:
998:
990:
988:
980:
976:
970:
962:
956:
948:
944:
940:
934:
930:
923:
921:
919:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
871:
869:
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842:
838:
834:
833:
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823:
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728:
724:
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707:
703:
699:
695:
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689:
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686:
682:
678:
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653:
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642:
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626:
621:
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608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
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586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
500:, from where
499:
495:
491:
486:
478:
474:
473:
468:
463:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
426:
424:
418:
413:
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405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
368:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:Ibn al-Fuwati
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
297:
293:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
246:
225:
219:
210:
206:
205:Ahmed Tekuder
198:
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
155:
151:
142:
137:
133:
130:
127:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
103:
99:
94:Ahmad Tegüder
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
45:
39:
34:
31:
30:
25:
22:Ahmed Tekuder
20:
2578:1240s births
2304:Genghis Khan
2073:Kievan Rus'
2051:(1237–1300s)
2043:(1237–1300s)
1887:Western Xia
1849:Qara Khitai
1682:Major cities
1661:Golden Horde
1637:Yuan dynasty
1524:Organization
1458:
1409:Khong Tayiji
1300:
1278:
1275:David Morgan
1260:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1184:
1140:
1133:
1113:
1106:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:
1032:
996:
978:
977:, volume 3:
974:
969:
928:
884:
880:
831:
810:. Retrieved
806:
710:Doquz Khatun
667:
654:
641:Mamluk Egypt
635:
623:Tekuder and
614:
593:Golden Horde
570:
566:
525:Mughan plain
514:
490:Alinaq Noyan
482:
470:
447:his father's
427:
377:
369:and Tekuder.
356:
334:
325:Mayyafariqin
308:
296:Qutui Khatun
289:
260:Sultan Ahmad
259:
204:
203:
179:Qutui Khatun
27:
2583:1284 deaths
2379:Sartaq Khan
2348:Kublai Khan
2343:Möngke Khan
2317:Ögedei Khan
2296:Great Khans
2262:(1314–1318)
2254:(1268–1301)
2206:(1260–1323)
2190:(1253–1256)
2173:Middle East
2067:(1238–1239)
2008:(1221–1327)
1867:(1219–1256)
1859:(1219–1221)
1841:(1264–1308)
1833:(1207-1308)
1699:Azov (Azaq)
1365:Terminology
1279:The Mongols
708:(nephew of
599:. However,
467:Safavid-era
280:Arghun Khan
256: 1246
189:Sunni Islam
67:Predecessor
2547:Categories
2515:Nogai Khan
2399:Özbeg Khan
2330:Güyük Khan
2224:Civil wars
2212:Palestine
2121:Lithuania
2041:Circassia
1774:Xacitarxan
1759:Soltaniyeh
1496:Darughachi
1097:2020-03-28
812:2020-03-28
786:References
717:Diyar Bakr
404:Khongirads
327:by Abaqa.
286:Early life
262:, was the
2384:Orda Khan
2374:Batu Khan
2238:(1260–64)
2182:(1241–43)
2180:Anatolia
2155:(1287–88)
2147:(1285–86)
2139:(1264–65)
2131:(1259–60)
2123:(1258–59)
2099:(1241–42)
2091:(1241–42)
2083:(1240–41)
2059:(1229–36)
2049:Chechnya
1989:(1300–02)
1953:Southeast
1932:(1253–56)
1914:(1235–79)
1906:(1231–60)
1898:(1211–34)
1851:(1216–18)
1839:Sakhalin
1799:Campaigns
1749:Saray-Jük
1739:Samarkand
1714:Karakorum
1673:Ilkhanate
1431:Political
1305:(Sultan)
1243:156130883
1235:1356-1863
1160:cite book
1065:cite book
981:. p. 397.
955:cite book
947:959277759
909:159490971
901:0020-7438
859:240360589
698:Abu Sa'id
693:Arslanchi
690:Qaplanchi
674:Khongirad
585:Sultaniya
541:Kubrawiya
529:Bilasuvar
521:Georgians
517:Armenians
510:Taghachar
435:Qonqurtai
300:Khongirad
268:Ilkhanate
218:romanized
209:Mongolian
129:see below
77:Successor
2510:Boroldai
2490:Khubilai
2470:Bo'orchu
2443:Military
2337:(regent)
2324:(regent)
2311:(regent)
2196:Baghdad
2145:Hungary
2089:Hungary
2032:Georgia
1979:Vietnam
1831:Siberia
1729:Maragheh
1629:Khanates
1577:Religion
1572:Military
1521:Politics
1471:Kurultai
1434:Military
778:levirate
760:Noghachi
741:Keraites
706:Keraites
681:Keraites
601:Qaraunas
554:Gaykhatu
502:Gaykhatu
485:Khorasan
439:Anatolia
423:lake Van
384:qurultai
313:Nahavand
309:Nicholas
224:Tegülder
213:Төгөлдөр
185:Religion
159:Borjigin
2480:Boroqul
2475:Guo Kan
2465:Negudar
2450:Subutai
2350: (
2188:Alamut
2161:Serbia
2153:Poland
2137:Thrace
2129:Poland
2065:Alania
1930:Yunnan
1865:Persia
1823:Central
1802:Battles
1709:Bolghar
1704:Bukhara
1689:Almalik
1491:Kheshig
1419:Tarkhan
1254:Sources
774:Jalairs
731:Jalairs
702:Irinjin
645:Qalawun
605:Maragha
597:Derbent
577:Kalpush
494:Georgia
451:Baghdad
419:
408:Turkish
400:Jalairs
388:Il-Khan
380:Maragha
317:Dinavar
266:of the
245:Persian
238:perfect
232:
220::
112:Consort
53:Il-Khan
2460:Muqali
2434:Ghazan
2429:Arghun
2419:Hulegu
2309:Tolui
2285:People
2246:(1262)
2204:Syria
2198:(1258)
2163:(1291)
2115:(1242)
2107:(1242)
2023:Europe
2006:India
1987:Burma
1973:(1293)
1962:Burma
1940:Japan
1921:Tibet
1904:Korea
1764:Tabriz
1734:Qarshi
1694:Avarga
1540:Topics
1444:Jarlig
1404:Jinong
1399:Khanum
1394:Khatun
1384:Khagan
1376:Titles
1314:Arghun
1302:Ilkhan
1267:
1241:
1233:
1192:
1148:
1121:
1057:745412
1055:
1045:
1041:–368.
1004:
945:
935:
907:
899:
857:
847:
749:Hulagu
723:Tatars
676:tribe
664:Family
558:Nawruz
550:Semnan
546:Ghazan
533:Qazvin
498:Jazira
477:Shiraz
443:Arghun
412:Aladağ
396:Arghun
390:after
367:Arghun
292:Hulagu
272:Hulegu
264:sultan
249:تکودار
175:Mother
169:Hulagu
165:Father
81:Arghun
46:, 1438
29:Sultan
2505:Kadan
2500:Bayan
2485:Jelme
2424:Abaqa
2414:Kebek
2394:Toqta
2389:Berke
2369:Jochi
2362:Khans
1999:South
1971:Java
1724:Majar
1666:Wings
1486:Tümen
1466:Yassa
1449:Örtöö
1414:Noyan
1295:Abaqa
1239:S2CID
905:S2CID
855:S2CID
527:near
506:Baydu
392:Abaqa
357:Ahmed
353:Islam
349:Aybak
345:Abaqa
321:Abaqa
276:Abaqa
154:House
139:Names
124:Issue
117:below
71:Abaqa
59:Reign
2455:Jebe
2409:Duwa
1878:East
1815:Asia
1769:Ukek
1719:Dadu
1527:Life
1454:Orda
1389:Khan
1265:ISBN
1231:ISSN
1190:ISBN
1166:link
1146:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1071:link
1053:OCLC
1043:ISBN
1002:ISBN
961:link
943:OCLC
933:ISBN
897:ISSN
845:ISBN
770:Buqa
595:via
581:Buqa
562:Buqa
519:and
504:and
417:lit.
315:and
294:and
229:lit.
115:see
101:Died
91:Born
2495:Aju
1223:doi
1039:364
889:doi
837:doi
776:in
704:of
319:by
2549::
1277:,
1237:.
1229:.
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243:;
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963:)
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911:.
891::
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815:.
751:)
733:;
712:)
627:.
241:'
235:'
207:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
