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906:, states that Hulegu starved the caliph to death, but there is no corroborating evidence for that. Most historians believe the Mongol and Muslim accounts that the caliph was rolled up in a rug and the Mongols rode their horses over him, as they believed that the earth would be offended if touched by royal blood. All but one of his sons were killed. Baghdad was a depopulated, ruined city for several centuries. Smaller states in the region hastened to reassure Hulegu of their loyalty, and the Mongols turned to
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1679:. Hulegu's conquests also opened Iran to both European influence from the west and buddhist influence from the east. Thus, combined with patronage from his successors, would develop Iran's distinctive excellence in architecture. Under Hulegu's dynasty, Iranian historians began writing in Persian rather than Arabic. It is recorded however that he converted to
739:
1112:, already provoked by the constant fleeing of Baybars and his troops, decided to march forwards with all his troops on the trail of the fleeing Egyptians. When the Mongols reached the highlands, Egyptians appeared from hiding, and the Mongols found themselves surrounded by enemy forces as the hidden troops hit them from the sides and
1174:
Even while Berke was Muslim, out of Mongol brotherhood he at first resisted the idea of fighting Hulegu. He said, "Mongols are killed by Mongol swords. If we were united, then we would have conquered all of the world." But the economic situation of the Golden Horde due to the actions of the
Ilkhanate
2126:
This called for the employment of engineers to engage in mining operations, to build siege engines and artillery, and to concoct and use incendiary and explosive devices. For instance, Hulagu, who led Mongol forces into the Middle East during the second wave of the invasions in 1250, had with him a
1259:
Despite many attempts, neither Hulegu nor his successors were able to form an alliance with Europe, although Mongol culture in the West was in vogue in the 13th century. Many new-born children in Italy were named after Mongol rulers, including Hulegu: names such as Can Grande ("Great Khan"), Alaone
1116:
attacked the Mongol rear. Estimates of the size of the
Egyptian army range from 24,000 to 120,000. The Mongols broke free of the trap and even mounted a temporarily successful counterattack, but their numbers had been depleted to the point that the outcome was inevitable. Refusing to surrender, the
891:
Death counts vary widely and cannot be easily substantiated: A low estimate is about 90,000 dead; higher estimates range from 200,000 to a million. The
Mongols looted and then destroyed. Mosques, palaces, libraries, hospitalsâgrand buildings that had been the work of generationsâwere burned to the
1061:
had sacked Sidon. The Barons of Acre, contacted by the
Mongols, had also been approached by the Mamluks, seeking military assistance against the Mongols. Although the Mamluks were traditional enemies of the Franks, the Barons of Acre recognized the Mongols as the more immediate menace. Instead of
1029:
in Cairo demanding that Qutuz open his city or it would be destroyed like
Baghdad. Then, because food and fodder in Syria had become insufficient to supply his full force, and because it was a regular Mongol practice to move troops to the cooler highlands for the summer, Hulegu withdrew his main
1248:
From the head of the Mongol army, anxious to devastate the perfidious nation of the
Saracens, with the good-will support of the Christian faith (...) so that you, who are the rulers of the coasts on the other side of the sea, endeavor to deny a refuge for the Infidels, your enemies and ours, by
1881:"On 1 March Kitbuqa entered Damascus at the head of a Mongol army. With him were the King of Armenia and the Prince of Antioch. The citizens of the ancient capital of the Caliphate saw for the first time for six centuries three Christian potentates ride in triumph through their streets".
861:, refused. Due to the treason of Abu Alquma, an advisor to Al-Muta'sim, an uprising in the Baghdad army took place and Siege of Baghdad began. The attacking Mongols broke dikes and flooded the ground behind the caliph's army, trapping them. Much of the army was slaughtered or drowned.
872:. The battle was short by siege standards. By 5 February the Mongols controlled a stretch of the wall. The caliph tried to negotiate but was refused. On 10 February Baghdad surrendered. The Mongols swept into the city on 13 February and began a week of destruction. The
1062:
taking sides, the
Crusaders opted for a position of cautious neutrality between the two forces. In an unusual move, however, they allowed the Egyptian Mamluks to march northward without hindrance through Crusader territory and even let them camp near Acre to resupply.
1034:, accompanied by Armenian, Georgian, and Frankish volunteers, which Hulegu considered sufficient. Hulegu then personally departed for Mongolia to play his role in the imperial succession conflict occasioned by the death some eight months earlier of
1159:. Berke Khan, a Muslim convert and the grandson of Genghis Khan, had promised retribution in his rage after Hulegu's sack of Baghdad and allied himself with the Mamluks. He initiated a large series of raids on Hulegu's territories, led by
856:
Hulegu's Mongol army set out for
Baghdad in November 1257. Once near the city he divided his forces to threaten the city on both the east and west banks of the Tigris. Hulegu demanded surrender, but the caliph,
1150:
was established as Great Khan, Hulegu returned to his lands by 1262. When he massed his armies to attack the
Mamluks and avenge the defeat at Ain Jalut, however, he was instead drawn into civil war with
2138:"In May 1260, a Syrian painter gave a new twist to the iconography of the Exaltation of the Cross by showing Constantine and Helena with the features of Hulegu and his Christian wife Doquz Khatun" in
1049:
The
Mongols, for their part, attempted to form a Frankish-Mongol alliance with (or at least, demand the submission of) the remnant of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, now centered on Acre, but
372:
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in Syria, who not only needed to protect his own future from the Mongols but was eager to avenge for Islam the Mongol capture of Damascus, looting of Baghdad, and conquest of Syria.
1175:
led him to declare jihad because the Ilkhanids were hogging the wealth of North Iran and because of the Ilkhanate's demands for the Golden Horde not to sell slaves to the Mamluks.
796:
of Egypt. Möngke ordered Hulegu to treat kindly those who submitted and utterly destroy those who did not. Hulegu vigorously carried out the latter part of these instructions.
1691:
testifies his interest in that religion. Recent translations of various Tibetan monks' letters and epistles to Hulegu confirms that he was a lifelong Buddhist, following the
2382:"Oirats in the Ilkhanate and the Mamluk Sultanate in the Thirteenth to the Early Fifteenth Centuries: Two Cases of Assimilation into the Muslim Environment (MSR XIX, 2016)"
761:
charged Hulegu with leading a massive Mongol army to conquer or destroy the remaining Muslim states in southwestern Asia. Hulegu's campaign sought the subjugation of the
1018:, had been killed by Hulegu this same year. With Baghdad ravaged and Damascus weakened, the center of Islamic power shifted to the Mamluk sultan's capital of Cairo.
3087:
365:
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Hulegu marched out with perhaps the largest Mongol army ever assembled â by order of Möngke, two-tenths of the empire's fighting men were gathered for Hulegu's
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in 1263. This was the first open war between Mongols and signaled the end of the unified empire. In retaliation for his failure, Hulegu killed Berke's
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quickly assembled his well-trained and equipped 20,000-strong army at Cairo and invaded Palestine. He then allied himself with a fellow Mamluk leader,
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1244:, Austria. The letter stated Hulegu's intention to capture Jerusalem for the benefit of the Pope and asked for Louis to send a fleet against Egypt:
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2602:
1393:
Manggugan Khatun â married firstly to her cousin Chakar GĂŒregen (son of Buqa Timur and niece of Ăljei Khatun), married secondly to his son Taraghai
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2503:"Letters for the Khans: Six Tibetan Epistles for the Mongol Rulers Hulegu and Khubilai, and the Tibetan Lama Pagpa. Co-authored with Jampa Samten"
887:
Hulegu (left) imprisons the Caliph among his treasures to starve him to death. Medieval depiction from "Le livre des merveilles", 15th century.
1240:, offering an alliance. It is unclear whether the letter ever reached Louis IX in Paris â the only manuscript known to have survived was in
3565:
1729:
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Hulegu's mother Sorghaghtani successfully navigated Mongol politics, arranging for all of her sons to become Mongol leaders. She was a
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Bulughan agha â married Jorma GĂŒregen, son of Jochi (from Tatar tribe, brother of Nukdan khatun) and Chechagan Khatun, daughter of
2812:
4046:
3573:
653:
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1344:
Todogaj Khatun â married to Tengiz GĂŒregen, married secondly to Sulamish his son, married thirdly to Chichak, son of Sulamish
673:
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1002:
The invasion effectively destroyed the Ayyubids, which was until then a powerful dynasty that had ruled large parts of the
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had hidden the bulk of their forces in the hills to wait in ambush for the Mongols to come into range. The Mongol leader
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and numerous mosques were profaned. Many historical accounts describe the three Christian rulers Hethum, Bohemond, and
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1121:, were cut down and killed that day. The battle of Ain Jalut established a high-water mark for the Mongol conquest.
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laid siege to the city on 29 January 1258, constructing a palisade and a ditch and wheeling up siege engines and
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In 1260 Mongol forces combined with those of their Christian vassals in the region, including the army of the
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ground. The caliph was captured and forced to watch as his citizens were murdered and his treasury plundered.
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and his forces proceeded southeast toward the 'Spring of Goliath' (Known in Arabic as 'Ain Jalut') in the
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Enkhbold, Enerelt (2019). "The role of the ortoq in the Mongol Empire in forming business partnerships".
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and an embassy to "all kings and princes overseas". The embassy was apparently intercepted in Sicily by
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876:, containing countless precious historical documents and books on subjects ranging from medicine to
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in 1255. He easily destroyed the Lurs, and the Assassins surrendered their impregnable fortress of
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without a fight, accepting a deal that spared the lives of their people in early 1256. He chose
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Deep Ditches and Well-Built Walls: a Reappraisal of the Mongol Withdrawal from Europe in 1242
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2551:(Adventure, Comedy), Orhan GĂŒnsiray, Fatma Girik, TĂŒlay Akatlar, ĂztĂŒrk Serengil, Yerli Film
1643:
Hulegu Khan fell seriously ill in January 1265 and died the following month on the banks of
1470:
Arighan Agachi (d. 8 February 1265) â daughter of Tengiz GĂŒregen; from camp of Qutui Khatun
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entering the city of Damascus together in triumph, though some modern historians such as
939:
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thousand squads of engineers, evidently of north Chinese (or perhaps Khitan) provenance.
1626:
1053:
had forbidden such an alliance. Tensions between Franks and Mongols also increased when
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Qutluqqan Khatun â married firstly to Yesu Buqa GĂŒregen, son of Urughtu Noyan of the
1529:
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1459:
Eshil â married to Tuq TemĂŒr and then his brother (son of Abdullah Aqa, a general of
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and fought relentlessly for many hours. The Mamluk leader Baybars mostly implemented
1050:
1011:
880:, was destroyed. Citizens attempted to flee but were intercepted by Mongol soldiers.
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285:
221:
182:
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1971:
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in 1259, conquering the Ayyubid dynasty and sending advance patrols as far ahead as
710:
in 1217. Nothing much is known of Hulegu's childhood except of an anecdote given in
3704:
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3117:
2637:. Best for an overview of the wider context of medieval Mongol history and culture.
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force to Iran near Azerbaijan, leaving behind one tumen (10,000 men or less) under
948:
453:
31:
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1057:
caused an incident resulting in the death of one of Kitbuqa's grandsons. Angered,
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2664:
2608:
Warriors of the Steppe: A Military History of Central Asia, 500 B.C. to 1700 A.D.
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1672:
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1025:
toward Cairo. So he had a threatening letter delivered by an envoy to the Mamluk
952:
873:
858:
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743:
738:
340:
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350:
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A History of the Crusades: Volume 3, The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
1644:
1093:
1054:
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984:
532:
129:
80:
30:
This article is about the founder of the Ilkhanate. For the Chagatai khan, see
3811:
3785:
2751:, by Nicolas Kinloch, published in History Today, Volume 67 Issue 6 June 2017.
1714:. His reign as the ruler of Ilkhanate was peaceful and tolerant to diversity.
1035:
758:
754:
297:
4015:
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3803:
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2928:
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The Mughal Emperors And the Islamic Dynasties of India, Iran and Central Asia
2465:
The Mughal Emperors And The Islamic Dynasties of India, Iran and Central Asia
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2042:
1741:
1507:
1226:
1209:. Hulegu sent multiple communications to Europe in an attempt to establish a
790:
308:
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1943:
1525:
Yeshichin Agachi, a lady from the KĂŒr'lĂŒĂŒt tribe; from camp of Qutui Khatun
1276:
Hulegu had fourteen wives and concubines with at least 21 issues with them:
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971:. This force conquered Muslim Syria, a domain of the Ayyubid dynasty. They
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2018:
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2020:
Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominanceâand Why They Fall
1377:Ăljei Khatun â half-sister of Guyuk, daughter of Toralchi GĂŒregen of the
1292:
1147:
1038:. But upon receiving news of how few Mongols now remained in the region,
832:
816:
804:
719:
301:
2090:
New Yorker, April 25, 2005, Ian Frazier, "Invaders - Destroying Baghdad"
1163:. Hulegu suffered a severe defeat in an attempted invasion north of the
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The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 5, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods
1936:
Buddhism in Iran: An Anthropological Approach to Traces and Influences
1390:
Jamai Khatun â married Jorma GĂŒregen after her sister Bulughan's death
1104:
in an attempt to lure the Mongol forces into chasing him. Baybars and
3852:
3842:
3207:
3187:
3182:
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2246:(Master's thesis). Royal Holloway University of London. pp. 7â9.
1934:
Vaziri, Mostafa (2012). "Buddhism during the Mongol Period in Iran".
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Mediating Sacred Kingship: Conversion and Sovereignty in Mongol Iran
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on 1 March 1260. A Christian Mass was celebrated in the
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A daughter (married to Esen Buqa GĂŒregen, son of Noqai Yarghuchi)
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1419:
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1338:
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1197:(often referred to as "Nestorianism") and Hulegu was friendly to
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1043:
1031:
988:
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883:
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820:
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269:
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Tuqtani (or Toqiyatai) Egechi (d. 20 February 1292) â sister of
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2244:
In What Sense Can Ayn Jalut be Viewed as a Decisive Engagement?
1854:
1553:
1492:
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1410:
1378:
1350:
1288:
1265:
1261:
1241:
1205:, was also a Christian, as was his closest friend and general,
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accompanied the Hulegu during his conquest of the Middle East.
918:
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808:
747:
307:
Hulegu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the
244:
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35:
1349:
Yesunchin Khatun (d. January/February 1272) â a lady from the
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whole Mongol army that had remained in the region, including
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1007:
907:
782:
695:
336:
277:
211:
3358:(1205 / 1207 / 1209â10 / 1225â27)
1584:
Taraghai Khatun â married to Taghai Timur (renamed Musa) of
1287:
before reaching Iran) â daughter of Toralchi GĂŒregen of the
3923:
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3237:
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Trails of The Tibetan Tradition: Papers for Elliot Sperling
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against the Muslims. In 1262, he sent his secretary
2470:
1655:. His funeral was the only Ilkhanate funeral to feature
2167:
1805:
1588:(son of Shigu GĂŒregen) and TemĂŒlun Khatun (daughter of
767:
destruction of the Nizari Ismaili state (the Assassins)
2482:
2361:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2223:(Master's thesis). University of Calgary. p. 32.
3088:
List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
2057:"Six Essays from the Book of Commentaries on Euclid"
1905:
The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia
819:
to retreat to Anatolia. From at least 1257 onwards,
789:, and finally, the submission or destruction of the
2590:. Cambridge University Press; Reissue ed., (1968).
2298:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 186â.
2191:
1084:When news arrived that the Mongols had crossed the
2573:The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
1902:
1432:Tubshin â Viceroy of Khorasan during Abaqa's reign
1096:. They met the Mongol army of about 12,000 in the
3083:Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe
1146:After the succession was settled and his brother
1021:Hulegu intended to send forces southward through
943:Hulegu and Queen Doquz Qatun depicted as the new
380:
4013:
1706:. Another of his proteges were Juvayni brothers
1249:having your subjects diligently patrol the seas.
1232:On 10 April 1262, Hulegu sent a letter, through
3503:(1220â22 / 1226â31 / 1237â64)
2291:
1604:tribe, married secondly Tukel, son of Yesu Buqa
1396:Baba Khatun â married to Lagzi GĂŒregen, son of
2104:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia
331:, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the
2806:
2354:Letter from Hulegu to Saint Louis, quoted in
2285:
2100:
1760:Portrayed by Zhang Jingda and Zhang Bolun in
1562:Kuchuk (died in infancy after a long illness)
1178:
366:
2986:
2629:. Blackwell Publishers; Reprint ed., 1990.
2500:
2446:
1982:
1675:state, and ultimately the modern country of
1444:Boraqchin Agachi, from camp of Qutui Khatun
2101:Josef W. Meri (2005). Josef W. Meri (ed.).
1938:. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 111â131.
924:
2813:
2799:
2132:
1833:
1823:
757:had been installed as Great Khan in 1251.
373:
359:
62:
2715:, appeared in the 25 April 2005 issue of
2601:
2476:
27:Western Asian Mongol ruler (c. 1217â1265)
2640:
2256:
2176:
1900:
1683:as he neared death, against the will of
1667:Hulegu Khan laid the foundations of the
1647:(then called Jaghatu) and was buried on
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1134:
1075:
938:
882:
737:
729:
2659:
2488:
2367:
2342:
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2318:
2197:
1687:. The erection of a Buddhist temple at
777:, the submission or destruction of the
769:, the submission or destruction of the
14:
4014:
3433:(1277 / 1283 / 1287)
3392:(1236 / 1240 / 1252)
2544:
2241:
1933:
1863:
1609:A concubine from Qutui Khatun's camp:
1387:(b. 23 October 1256, d. 26 April 1282)
1229:, and Rychaldus was returned by ship.
1065:
917:A thousand squads of northern Chinese
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2985:
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2414:
2410:
2408:
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1671:and thus paved the way for the later
1473:Ajai (d. February 1265) â Viceroy of
1139:Coin of Hulegu, with the symbol of a
725:
354:
124:
3264:
3016:Administrative divisions and vassals
2016:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1909:. Rutgers University Press. p.
1320:tribe and TĂŒmelĂŒn behi (daughter of
1171:, and Berke did the same in return.
827:of every major religious variety in
321:Mongols sacked and destroyed Baghdad
3283:
2687:. Thames and Hudson Limited; 2007.
2666:The Mongols and the West: 1221â1410
2501:Martin, Dan; Samten, Jampa (2014).
2295:Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road
2218:
2049:
2005:The History of the Mongol Conquests
1842:
1832:
1717:
1559:Suleiman (executed with his father)
845:
24:
2403:
2010:
1597:Mangligach Agachi (Tribe unknown)
1254:Letter from Hulegu to Saint Louis.
864:The Mongols under Chinese general
815:as his power base, while ordering
698:, one of Genghis Khan's sons, and
25:
4088:
2820:
2698:
2529:
2140:Cambridge History of Christianity
2107:. Psychology Press. p. 510.
1960:
1659:. His tomb has never been found.
1549:tribe; from camp of Dokuz Khatun
1331:Takshin (d. 12 September 1270 of
975:and, under the Christian general
319:. Under Hulegu's leadership, the
2545:Yilmaz, Atif (10 October 1962),
1632:BibliothĂšque nationale de France
1516:(executed on 18 January 1284 by
1301:(died en route to Iran in 1270s)
714:and he once met his grandfather
243:
2833:
2571:Atwood, Christopher P. (2004).
2538:
2523:
2494:
2457:
2440:
2431:
2373:
2348:
2250:
2235:
2212:
2203:
2182:
2155:
2094:
2083:
1875:
2645:. Cambridge University Press.
2565:
2164:N. 184 JulyâAugust 2008, p. 43
2074:
1994:
1927:
1894:
1859:
1777:
1730:Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
995:have questioned this story as
931:Mongol invasions of the Levant
842:were a part of Hulegu's army.
53:
34:. For the Xiongnu chanyu, see
13:
1:
4047:13th-century monarchs in Asia
4003:Timeline of the Mongol Empire
3700:Division of the Mongol Empire
2271:10.1080/02634937.2019.1652799
2219:Pow, Lindsey Stephen (2012).
2142:Vol. 5 Michael Angold p. 387
1888:
1581:Irqan Agachi (Tribe unknown)
1568:Qutluq Buqa (died in infancy)
1451:on his way to Iran in 1260s)
1409:Nogachin Aghchi, a lady from
1316:â daughter of Chigu Noyan of
346:
2739:to Hulegu and his attack on
1545:El Agachi â a lady from the
1510:, from camp of Dokuz Khatun
1124:
272:ruler who conquered much of
7:
4057:Mongolian Buddhist monarchs
2950:Manghit / Mangudai
2707:about Hulegu's conquest of
2505:. In Roberto Vitali (ed.).
2415:Brack, Jonathan Z. (2016).
2209:Atlas des Croisades, p. 108
1806:
1576:Shiba'uchi (d. Winter 1282)
1367:, daughter of Uyku (son of
961:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
935:Mongol raids into Palestine
898:, a book on the travels of
734:The siege of Alamût in 1256
188:
69:Painting of Hulegu Khan on
10:
4093:
3753:
3729:Esen BuqaâAyurbarwada war
2509:. Amnye Machen Institute.
2358:, Thierry Delcourt, p. 151
2144:Cambridge University Press
2023:(1st ed.). New York:
1822:
1502:Ajuja Agachi, a lady from
1221:, who was allied with the
1201:. Hulegu's favorite wife,
1182:
1179:Communications with Europe
1128:
1069:
928:
849:
637:Hungary and Croatia (
29:
4077:13th-century Mongol khans
4000:
3911:
3830:
3763:
3759:
3748:
3692:
3641:
3544:(1223 / 1236â40)
3490:
3467:
3450:(1257 / 1284â88)
3420:
3345:
3290:
3279:
3259:
3150:
3096:
3073:ByzantineâMongol Alliance
3008:
3004:
2981:
2896:
2843:
2839:
2828:
2779:
2770:
2762:
2757:
2743:. Dated 12 November 2002.
2641:Runciman, Steven (1987).
2532:Glimpses of World History
2080:Sicker 2000, p. 111.
1850:
1787:
1763:The Legend of Kublai Khan
1662:
1271:
1014:. The last Ayyubid king,
965:Hethum I, King of Armenia
622:Poland and Bohemia (
589:
582:
563:
531:
473:
423:
402:
397:
392:
237:
227:
217:
207:
195:
181:
151:
135:
120:
108:
104:
94:
86:
79:
61:
49:
2731:compares Vice President
2669:. Taylor & Francis.
2548:Cengiz Han'in hazineleri
2380:Landa, Ishayahu (2018).
2292:Johan Elverskog (2011).
1770:
1755:Cengiz Han'ın Hazineleri
1740:in the 1956 Indian film
1638:
1538:Khabash â posthumous son
973:captured Aleppo by siege
925:Conquest of Syria (1260)
874:Grand Library of Baghdad
706:princess and a niece of
268:8 February 1265), was a
3026:Invasions and conquests
2945:Paiza / Gerege
2735:and Secretary of State
2725:An Osama bin Laden tape
2586:Boyle, J.A., (Editor).
2534:. Penguin Random House.
1990:The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War
1988:Amitai-Preiss, Reuven.
1944:10.1057/9781137022943_7
1901:Grousset, René (1970).
1698:Hulegu also patronized
1630:The funeral of Hulegu (
1565:Khoja (died in infancy)
1441:, niece of Dokuz Khatun
1219:Manfred, King of Sicily
1080:Hulegu leading his army
852:Siege of Baghdad (1258)
803:in 1253. He arrived at
288:, he was a grandson of
40:Halaku (disambiguation)
4037:13th-century Buddhists
3683:(1260 / 1301)
3411:(1274 / 1281)
3078:Franco-Mongol alliance
2575:. Facts on File, Inc.
2242:Corbyn, James (2015).
1702:and his researches in
1635:
1612:Toqai Timur (d. 1289)
1283:Guyuk Khatun (died in
1257:
1211:Franco-Mongol alliance
1185:Franco-Mongol alliance
1143:
1081:
969:Bohemond VI of Antioch
956:
888:
765:of southern Iran, the
750:
735:
90:1256 â 8 February 1265
71:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
38:. For other uses, see
2450:The Pageant Of Persia
2447:Henry Filmer (1937).
2389:Mamlƫk Studies Review
2061:World Digital Library
1629:
1552:Hulachu (executed by
1532:during Abaqa's reign
1528:YesĂŒder â Viceroy of
1246:
1225:and in conflict with
1138:
1079:
942:
886:
746:of Hulegu's siege of
741:
733:
73:, early 14th century.
4067:Converts to Buddhism
3574:Serbia and Bulgaria
2259:Central Asian Survey
2162:Le Monde de la Bible
2001:John Joseph Saunders
1977:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
1712:Shams al-Din Juvayni
1704:Maragheh observatory
1333:urinary incontinence
383:Mongol invasions and
4062:Mongolian Buddhists
3821:Khagans of the Yuan
3550:Poland and Bohemia
3326:Khwarazmian Empire
3051:Society and economy
2683:Robinson, Francis.
2530:Nehru, Jawaharlal.
1817:'Surplus';
1491:Ildar (executed by
1102:hit-and-run tactics
1098:Battle of Ain Jalut
1072:Battle of Ain Jalut
1066:Battle of Ain Jalut
694:Hulegu was born to
654:Bulgaria and Serbia
3566:Holy Roman Empire
3021:Banner/Bunchuk/Tug
2463:Francis Robinson,
2017:Chua, Amy (2007).
1636:
1447:Taraghai (died by
1260:(Hulegu), Argone (
1238:Louis IX of France
1234:John the Hungarian
1195:Church of the East
1144:
1082:
967:and the Franks of
957:
889:
751:
736:
726:Military campaigns
325:Islamic Golden Age
4072:Founding monarchs
4009:
4008:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3721:KaiduâKublai war
3713:BerkeâHulagu war
3705:Toluid Civil War
3486:
3485:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3058:House of Borjigin
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2789:
2788:
2780:Succeeded by
2748:Hulegu the Mongol
2676:978-1-317-87898-8
2467:, pp. 19 & 36
2305:978-0-8122-0531-2
2034:978-0-385-51284-8
1816:
1804:
1700:Nasir al-Din Tusi
1556:in October 1289)
1279:Principal wives:
1051:Pope Alexander IV
1036:Great Khan Möngke
1012:Arabian Peninsula
794:Mamluke Sultanate
771:Abbasid Caliphate
753:Hulegu's brother
712:Jami' al-Tawarikh
702:, an influential
700:Sorghaghtani Beki
691:
690:
686:
685:
649:Holy Roman Empire
286:Sorghaghtani Beki
251:
250:
222:Sorghaghtani Beki
74:
16:(Redirected from
4084:
4042:Il-Khan emperors
3807:
3794:
3791:Töregene Khatun
3781:
3761:
3760:
3750:
3749:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3504:
3478:
3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3434:
3412:
3402:
3394:
3393:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3337:
3329:
3321:
3311:
3303:
3288:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3261:
3260:
3223:Shangdu (Xanadu)
3213:Sarai Batu/Berke
3118:Chagatai Khanate
3006:
3005:
2983:
2982:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2829:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2763:Preceded by
2755:
2754:
2680:
2656:
2622:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2412:
2401:
2400:
2397:10.6082/M1B27SG2
2386:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2188:Grousset, p. 588
2186:
2180:
2174:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2098:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2014:
2008:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1969:
1958:
1957:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1908:
1898:
1882:
1879:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1811:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1781:
1718:In popular media
1673:Safavid dynastic
1485:during reign of
1477:during reign of
1449:lightning strike
1268:) are recorded.
1264:), and Cassano (
1255:
1223:Mamluk Sultanate
1131:BerkeâHulagu war
846:Siege of Baghdad
669:Byzantine Thrace
395:
394:
387:
375:
368:
361:
352:
351:
333:Mamluk Sultanate
267:
256:, also known as
247:
126:
68:
66:
55:
47:
46:
21:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4005:
3988:
3907:
3826:
3805:
3792:
3779:
3755:
3736:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3688:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3637:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3526:Volga Bulgaria
3519:
3511:
3502:
3500:
3482:
3476:
3463:
3457:
3449:
3441:
3432:
3430:
3416:
3410:
3400:
3391:
3389:
3382:
3381:Southern China
3374:
3366:
3365:Northern China
3357:
3355:
3341:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3309:
3301:
3275:
3274:
3247:
3146:
3123:House of Ăgedei
3092:
3063:House of Ăgedei
3031:Destructiveness
3000:
2999:
2969:
2906:
2892:
2835:
2824:
2819:
2785:
2776:
2768:
2729:Osama bin Laden
2701:
2677:
2653:
2625:Morgan, David.
2619:
2611:Da Capo Press.
2603:Hildinger, Erik
2568:
2563:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2539:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2462:
2458:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2413:
2404:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2290:
2286:
2255:
2251:
2240:
2236:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2137:
2133:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2035:
2027:. p. 111.
2015:
2011:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1970:
1961:
1954:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1807:Huâleguâ/QĂŒlegĂŒ
1793:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1751:ĂztĂŒrk Serengil
1720:
1665:
1657:human sacrifice
1641:
1413:; from camp of
1371:) and widow of
1274:
1256:
1253:
1187:
1181:
1133:
1127:
1074:
1068:
1055:Julian of Sidon
937:
927:
854:
848:
744:Mughal painting
728:
692:
687:
564:Other invasions
388:
384:
381:
379:
349:
341:Abbasid Dynasty
311:, founding the
292:and brother of
265:
177:
166:Yesuncin Khatun
147:
128:
125:8 February 1265
113:
75:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4090:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3989:
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3850:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3809:
3804:Oghul Qaimish
3801:
3796:
3788:
3783:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3757:
3756:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
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3694:
3690:
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3643:
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3635:
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3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3496:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3396:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3296:
3294:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3068:Mongol Armenia
3065:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
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2907:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2897:
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2893:
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2890:
2885:
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2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2837:
2836:
2826:
2825:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2758:Regnal titles
2753:
2752:
2744:
2722:
2718:The New Yorker
2705:A long article
2700:
2699:External links
2697:
2696:
2695:
2681:
2675:
2661:Jackson, Peter
2657:
2651:
2638:
2623:
2617:
2599:
2584:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2537:
2522:
2515:
2493:
2491:, p. 176.
2481:
2479:, p. 148.
2477:Hildinger 1997
2469:
2456:
2453:. p. 224.
2439:
2437:Morgan, p. 139
2430:
2425:2027.42/133445
2402:
2372:
2370:, p. 315.
2360:
2347:
2345:, p. 166.
2335:
2333:, p. 178.
2323:
2321:, p. 173.
2311:
2304:
2284:
2265:(4): 531â547.
2249:
2234:
2211:
2202:
2190:
2181:
2179:, p. 307.
2166:
2154:
2131:
2113:
2093:
2082:
2073:
2048:
2033:
2009:
1993:
1981:
1959:
1952:
1926:
1919:
1892:
1890:
1887:
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1868:
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1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1758:
1747:
1734:
1719:
1716:
1664:
1661:
1645:Zarrineh River
1640:
1637:
1624:
1623:
1622:
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1619:
1616:
1607:
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1605:
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1336:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1273:
1270:
1251:
1180:
1177:
1129:Main article:
1126:
1123:
1094:Jezreel Valley
1070:Main article:
1067:
1064:
1016:An-Nasir Yusuf
985:Umayyad Mosque
926:
923:
850:Main article:
847:
844:
779:Ayyubid states
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724:
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533:Southeast Asia
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339:and ended the
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130:Zarrineh River
127:(aged 47)
122:
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106:
105:
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96:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4052:Kerait people
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3873:Chagatai Khan
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
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3663:
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3655:
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3628:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3582:Latin Empire
3580:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3548:
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3532:
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3413:
3407:
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3379:
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3258:
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3209:
3206:
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3201:
3199:
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3149:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3111:Northern Yuan
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
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3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Imperial Seal
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:Pax Mongolica
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2822:Mongol Empire
2816:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2711:, written by
2710:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2693:0-500-25134-7
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2652:9780521347723
2648:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2635:0-631-17563-6
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2618:0-306-81065-4
2614:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2596:0-521-06936-X
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2581:0-8160-4671-9
2578:
2574:
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2549:
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2533:
2526:
2518:
2516:9788186227725
2512:
2508:
2504:
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2478:
2473:
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2452:
2451:
2443:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2356:Les Croisades
2351:
2344:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2185:
2178:
2177:Runciman 1987
2173:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2151:0-521-81113-9
2148:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2116:
2114:0-415-96690-6
2110:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2091:
2086:
2077:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1972:"HulÄgu Khan"
1968:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1953:9781137022943
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1920:9780813513041
1916:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1878:
1874:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1848:
1840:
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1802:
1796:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:Portrayed by
1748:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1736:Portrayed by
1735:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1723:Portrayed by
1722:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
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1505:
1501:
1494:
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1488:
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1471:
1469:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1422:â Viceroy of
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
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1363:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:(Otchi Noyon)
1307:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1227:Pope Urban IV
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1172:
1170:
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1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
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1095:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1073:
1063:
1060:
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1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
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994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
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946:
941:
936:
932:
922:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:
885:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
853:
843:
841:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
792:
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784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
749:
745:
740:
732:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
644:
640:
636:
633:
629:
625:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
588:
585:
581:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
566:
562:
557:
554:
551:
547:
543:
541:
538:
537:
536:
534:
530:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
483:
480:
479:
478:
476:
472:
465:
462:
461:
460:
457:
455:
452:
448:
445:
444:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
428:
426:
422:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
407:
405:
401:
396:
391:
386:
376:
371:
369:
364:
362:
357:
356:
353:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:and weakened
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:Mongol Empire
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
263:
259:
255:
246:
242:
240:
236:
233:
230:
226:
223:
220:
216:
213:
210:
206:
203:
200:
198:
194:
191:
190:
186:
184:
180:
173:
171:
168:
165:
163:
160:
157:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
123:
119:
116:
111:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
72:
65:
60:
52:
51:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4027:1210s births
3887:
3773:Genghis Khan
3542:Kievan Rus'
3520:(1237â1300s)
3512:(1237â1300s)
3356:Western Xia
3318:Qara Khitai
3151:Major cities
3130:Golden Horde
3106:Yuan dynasty
2993:Organization
2927:
2878:Khong Tayiji
2771:
2765:
2747:
2737:Colin Powell
2716:
2684:
2665:
2642:
2626:
2607:
2587:
2572:
2553:, retrieved
2547:
2540:
2531:
2525:
2506:
2496:
2489:Jackson 2014
2484:
2472:
2464:
2459:
2449:
2442:
2433:
2416:
2388:
2375:
2368:Jackson 2014
2363:
2355:
2350:
2343:Jackson 2014
2338:
2331:Jackson 2014
2326:
2319:Jackson 2014
2314:
2294:
2287:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2243:
2237:
2220:
2214:
2205:
2198:Jackson 2014
2193:
2184:
2161:
2157:
2139:
2134:
2125:
2118:. Retrieved
2103:
2096:
2085:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2051:
2019:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1975:
1935:
1929:
1904:
1896:
1877:
1858:
1779:
1761:
1754:
1742:
1728:
1697:
1693:Kagyu school
1685:Doquz Khatun
1666:
1649:Shahi Island
1642:
1590:Genghis Khan
1415:Qutui Khatun
1405:Concubines:
1404:
1385:Möngke TemĂŒr
1365:Dokuz Khatun
1322:Genghis khan
1314:Qutui Khatun
1278:
1275:
1258:
1247:
1231:
1203:Doquz Khatun
1199:Christianity
1188:
1173:
1145:
1090:Sultan Qutuz
1086:Jordan River
1083:
1048:
1027:Sultan Qutuz
1020:
1001:
993:David Morgan
958:
916:
893:
890:
863:
859:Al-Musta'sim
855:
798:
752:
716:Genghis Khan
693:
659:Latin Empire
447:Nizari state
404:Central Asia
306:
290:Genghis Khan
274:Western Asia
261:
257:
253:
252:
187:
174:Ăljei Khatun
170:Qutui Khatun
162:Doquz Khatun
158:Guyuk Khatun
141:Shahi Island
54:á Źá Šá Żá Ąá á Š á Źá á á á š
50:Hulegu Khan
44:
4032:1265 deaths
4022:Hulagu Khan
3848:Sartaq Khan
3817:Kublai Khan
3812:Möngke Khan
3786:Ăgedei Khan
3765:Great Khans
3731:(1314â1318)
3723:(1268â1301)
3675:(1260â1323)
3659:(1253â1256)
3642:Middle East
3536:(1238â1239)
3477:(1221â1327)
3336:(1219â1256)
3328:(1219â1221)
3310:(1264â1308)
3302:(1207-1308)
3168:Azov (Azaq)
2834:Terminology
2733:Dick Cheney
2713:Ian Frazier
2627:The Mongols
2566:Works cited
2120:28 November
1359:(1234â1282)
1341:(1246â1284)
1293:Checheikhen
1155:'s brother
1148:Kublai Khan
945:Constantine
833:Middle East
805:Transoxiana
755:Möngke Khan
497:Eastern Xia
487:Western Xia
411:Qara Khitai
323:ending the
302:Kublai Khan
298:Möngke Khan
254:Hulegu Khan
32:Qara HĂŒlegĂŒ
4016:Categories
3984:Nogai Khan
3868:Ăzbeg Khan
3799:GĂŒyĂŒk Khan
3693:Civil wars
3681:Palestine
3590:Lithuania
3510:Circassia
3243:Xacitarxan
3228:Soltaniyeh
2965:Darughachi
2783:Abaqa Khan
2777:1256â1265
2555:1 February
2419:(Thesis).
1889:References
1843:ÙÙÙۧÙÙ ŰźŰ§Ù
1834:ÙÙÙŰ§Ú©Ù ŰźŰ§Ù
1725:Kurt Katch
1653:Lake Urmia
1571:3 daughter
1398:Arghun Aqa
1291:tribe and
1183:See also:
1161:Nogai Khan
1010:, and the
997:apocryphal
929:See also:
904:Marco Polo
895:Il Milione
825:Christians
813:Azerbaijan
608:Durdzuketi
593:Kievan Rus
347:Background
145:Lake Urmia
99:Abaqa Khan
3853:Orda Khan
3843:Batu Khan
3707:(1260â64)
3651:(1241â43)
3649:Anatolia
3624:(1287â88)
3616:(1285â86)
3608:(1264â65)
3600:(1259â60)
3592:(1258â59)
3568:(1241â42)
3560:(1241â42)
3552:(1240â41)
3528:(1229â36)
3518:Chechnya
3458:(1300â02)
3422:Southeast
3401:(1253â56)
3383:(1235â79)
3375:(1231â60)
3367:(1211â34)
3320:(1216â18)
3308:Sakhalin
3268:Campaigns
3218:Saray-JĂŒk
3208:Samarkand
3183:Karakorum
3142:Ilkhanate
2900:Political
2727:in which
2279:203044817
2229:879481083
2043:123079516
2025:Doubleday
1801:romanized
1784:Mongolian
1708:Ata Malik
1669:Ilkhanate
1615:Qurumushi
1586:Khongirad
1547:Khongirad
1514:Qonqurtai
1318:Khongirad
1215:Rychaldus
1191:Christian
1153:Batu Khan
1125:Civil War
1088:in 1260,
1023:Palestine
979:, seized
902:merchant
878:astronomy
870:catapults
785:based in
722:in 1224.
664:Lithuania
613:Circassia
475:East Asia
464:Palestine
432:Caucassus
425:West Asia
385:conquests
313:Ilkhanate
294:Ariq Böke
284:princess
276:. Son of
266:c. 1217 â
189:See below
95:Successor
3979:Boroldai
3959:Khubilai
3939:Bo'orchu
3912:Military
3806:(regent)
3793:(regent)
3780:(regent)
3665:Baghdad
3614:Hungary
3558:Hungary
3501:Georgia
3448:Vietnam
3300:Siberia
3198:Maragheh
3098:Khanates
3046:Religion
3041:Military
2990:Politics
2940:Kurultai
2903:Military
2663:(2014).
2605:(1997).
2066:21 March
1819:Chagatay
1681:Buddhism
1530:Khorasan
1495:in 1296)
1475:Anatolia
1285:Mongolia
1252:â
1165:Caucasus
981:Damascus
900:Venetian
837:mainland
787:Damascus
519:Sakhalin
437:Anatolia
416:Khwarezm
329:Damascus
280:and the
232:Buddhism
228:Religion
202:Borjigin
115:Mongolia
3949:Boroqul
3944:Guo Kan
3934:Negudar
3919:Subutai
3819: (
3657:Alamut
3630:Serbia
3622:Poland
3606:Thrace
3598:Poland
3534:Alania
3399:Yunnan
3334:Persia
3292:Central
3271:Battles
3178:Bolghar
3173:Bukhara
3158:Almalik
2960:Kheshig
2888:Tarkhan
2741:Baghdad
2709:Baghdad
2007:, 1971.
1860:XĂčliĂšwĂč
1847:Chinese
1829:Persian
1815:
1803::
1518:Tekuder
1508:Khitans
1483:Georgia
1481:and of
1439:Irinjin
1428:Shirvan
1420:Yoshmut
1369:Toghrul
1339:Tekuder
1299:Jumghur
1295:Khatun
1207:Kitbuqa
1193:of the
1119:Kitbuqa
1110:Kitbuqa
1059:Kitbuqa
1044:Baybars
1032:Kitbuqa
989:Kitbuqa
977:Kitbuqa
919:sappers
866:Guo Kan
821:Muslims
775:Baghdad
708:Toghrul
704:Keraite
679:Gazaria
603:Cumania
575:Siberia
544:Burma (
540:Vietnam
454:Baghdad
282:Keraite
152:Consort
112:c. 1217
3929:Muqali
3903:Ghazan
3898:Arghun
3888:Hulegu
3778:Tolui
3754:People
3715:(1262)
3673:Syria
3667:(1258)
3632:(1291)
3584:(1242)
3576:(1242)
3492:Europe
3475:India
3456:Burma
3442:(1293)
3431:Burma
3409:Japan
3390:Tibet
3373:Korea
3233:Tabriz
3203:Qarshi
3163:Avarga
3009:Topics
2913:Jarlig
2873:Jinong
2868:Khanum
2863:Khatun
2853:Khagan
2845:Titles
2773:Ilkhan
2691:
2673:
2649:
2633:
2615:
2594:
2579:
2513:
2302:
2277:
2227:
2149:
2111:
2041:
2031:
1950:
1917:
1857::
1855:pinyin
1849::
1839:Arabic
1794:á Źá Šá Żá Ąá á Š
1789:Đ„ÒŻĐ»ŃĐłÒŻ
1766:(2013)
1757:(1962)
1743:Halaku
1733:(1944)
1663:Legacy
1602:Dörben
1554:Arghun
1493:Ghazan
1487:Arghun
1411:Cathay
1381:tribe
1353:tribe
1351:Suldus
1306:TemĂŒge
1272:Family
1266:Ghazan
1262:Arghun
1242:Vienna
1169:ortogh
1004:Levant
963:under
955:bible.
953:Syriac
835:, and
831:, the
829:Europe
809:Alamut
759:Möngke
748:Alamut
720:Kublai
674:Serbia
643:Second
628:Second
618:Alania
584:Europe
550:Second
459:Levant
442:Persia
317:Persia
300:, and
270:Mongol
262:Hulagu
258:HĂŒlegĂŒ
239:Tamgha
218:Mother
208:Father
136:Burial
81:Ilkhan
36:Hulugu
18:Hulagu
3974:Kadan
3969:Bayan
3954:Jelme
3893:Abaqa
3883:Kebek
3863:Toqta
3858:Berke
3838:Jochi
3831:Khans
3468:South
3440:Java
3193:Majar
3135:Wings
2955:TĂŒmen
2935:Yassa
2918:Ărtöö
2883:Noyan
2385:(PDF)
2275:S2CID
1824:ÙÙÛÚŻÙ
1771:Notes
1639:Death
1618:Hajji
1504:China
1479:Abaqa
1461:Abaqa
1455:Baydu
1424:Arran
1379:Oirat
1373:Tolui
1357:Abaqa
1326:Börte
1289:Oirat
1236:, to
1157:Berke
1114:Qutuz
1106:Qutuz
1040:Qutuz
1008:Egypt
951:in a
949:Helen
908:Syria
817:Baiju
791:Bahri
783:Syria
718:with
696:Tolui
639:First
632:Third
624:First
570:India
546:First
524:Japan
514:Korea
509:Tibet
482:China
337:Cairo
278:Tolui
212:Tolui
197:House
183:Issue
87:Reign
3924:Jebe
3878:Duwa
3347:East
3284:Asia
3238:Ukek
3188:Dadu
2996:Life
2923:Orda
2858:Khan
2766:none
2689:ISBN
2671:ISBN
2647:ISBN
2631:ISBN
2613:ISBN
2592:ISBN
2577:ISBN
2557:2021
2511:ISBN
2300:ISBN
2225:OCLC
2147:ISBN
2122:2011
2109:ISBN
2068:2013
2039:OCLC
2029:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1915:ISBN
1813:lit.
1738:Pran
1710:and
1677:Iran
1426:and
1324:and
1141:hare
947:and
933:and
912:Gaza
840:Asia
823:and
801:army
763:Lurs
556:Java
502:Song
398:Asia
121:Died
109:Born
3964:Aju
2421:hdl
2393:doi
2267:doi
1974:at
1940:doi
1911:358
1851:æçć
1753:in
1727:in
1689:ណoy
1651:in
1506:or
781:in
773:in
492:Jin
335:in
315:in
260:or
4018::
2405:^
2391:.
2387:.
2273:.
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2261:.
2169:^
2124:.
2059:.
2037:.
2003:,
1962:^
1946:.
1913:.
1853:;
1845:;
1841::
1837:;
1831::
1827:;
1821::
1810:,
1798:,
1786::
1695:.
1328:)
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999:.
914:.
742:A
641:,
630:,
626:,
548:,
343:.
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2800:v
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2679:.
2655:.
2621:.
2598:.
2583:.
2519:.
2427:.
2423::
2399:.
2395::
2308:.
2281:.
2269::
2231:.
2200:.
2070:.
2045:.
1956:.
1942::
1923:.
1791:/
1746:.
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1592:)
1520:)
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634:)
552:)
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367:t
360:v
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