1755:
2062:
3178:
2891:
1997:
required. For Shia
Muslims, taqiyya is to conceal their association with their faith when revealing it would result in danger. Taqiyya is done for reasons of safety. For example, a person may fear that he might be killed or harmed if he does not observe taqiyya. In this case, taqiyya is allowed. However, in some circumstances taqiyya may lead to the death of an innocent person; if so, it is not permissible; it is
667:
76:
3598:, 2nd ed, Brill. "Taḳiyya", Vol. 10, p. 135. Quote: "Taḳiyya is above all of special significance for the Shī'a ... The peculiar fate of the Shī'a, that of a suppressed minority with occasional open but not always unheroic rebellions, gave them even more than the Khāridjites occasions and examples for extreme taḳiyya and its very opposite"
1363:. Later, it became important for Sufis, but more particularly Shias due to their experience as a persecuted religious minority. According to Shia doctrine, taqiyya is permissible in situations where loss of life or property are at hand and whereby no danger to religion would occur. Taqiyya has also been politically legitimised in
2026:
Religious rulings of the Shia Imams were also influenced by taqiyya. Some of the traditions from the Imams make taqiyya a central element of Shiism: "He who has no taqiyya has no faith"; "he who forsakes taqiyya is like him who forsakes prayer"; "taqiyya is the believers shield, but for taqiyya, God
1834:
allowing
Muslims to make extensive use of concealment to maintain their faith. This is seen as an exceptional case, since Islamic law prohibits conversion except in cases of mortal danger, and even then requires recantation as quickly as possible, and al-Wahrani's reasoning diverged from that of the
1699:
It is acceptable (for a Muslim) to eat the meat of a dead animal at a time of great hunger (starvation to the extent that the stomach is devoid of all food); and to loosen a bite of food (for fear of choking to death) by alcohol; and to utter words of unbelief; and if one is living in an environment
1682:
The
Prophet (S) saw 'Ammar Ibn Yasir (ra) crying, so he (S) wiped off his (ra) tears, and said: "The nonbelievers arrested you and immersed you in water until you said such and such (i.e., bad-mouthing the Prophet (S) and praising the pagan gods to escape persecution); if they come back, then say it
1330:
Generally, taqiyya is regarded as the action of maintaining secrecy or mystifying one's beliefs. Hiding one's beliefs in non-Muslim nations has been practiced since the early days of Islam and early
Muslims used it to avoid torture or getting killed by non-Muslims and tyrants with authority, it used
2985:
the Imam could only be accessed by his community and in extremely dangerous circumstances, would be accessible only to the highest-ranking members of the
Ismaili hierarchy (ḥudūd), whose function it was to transmit the teachings of the Imam to the community. Shi'a Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq is reputed to
1984:
and their supporters. Religious dissimulation or
Taqiyya while maintaining mental reservation is considered lawful in Shi'ism "in situations where there is overwhelming danger of loss of life or property and where no danger to religion would occur thereby". Shi'is lived mostly as a minority among a
1923:
as dissimulation, characterized by using deceptive words or actions intended to mislead opponents. It is typically employed by individuals possessing secret information. It is not solely confined to Imami Shi'ism but has been observed among various Muslim individuals or groups with minority views.
1596:
comments on sura XVI, verse 106 (Tafsir, Bulak 1323, xxiv, 122): "If any one is compelled and professes unbelief with his tongue, while his heart contradicts him, in order to escape his enemies, no blame falls on him, because God takes his servants as their hearts believe." This verse was recorded
1720:
The practice of taqiyya is not limited to any one sect within Islam. It is observed and referenced in Sunni texts of law, hadith collections, and
Quranic exegesis. Although historically more extensively practiced and referenced by Shii Muslims, taqiyya is doctrinally available to Sunni Muslims as
3029:
The Gupti community viewed the Aga Khan III as their spiritual leader and Imam, but concealed these beliefs to protect themselves. However, the Guptis used a unique form of taqiyya, they did not appear as Sunni, Sufi, or Ithna ashari, which were the more common identities to take on. Rather they
3561:
Religious dissimulation (Taqiyya) ... while maintaining mental reservation is considered lawful in Shi'ism in situations where there is overwhelming danger of loss of life or property and where no danger to religioun would occur thereby. ... Living as a minority among a frequently-hostile Sunni
3128:
Taqiyya is of fundamental importance in Islam. Practically every
Islamic sect agrees to it and practices it ... We can go so far as to say that the practice of taqiyya is mainstream in Islam, and that those few sects not practicing it diverge from the mainstream ... Taqiyya is very prevalent in
1955:
is employed by believers when they possess secret knowledge and are obligated to conceal it from those who have not attained the same level of initiation. This hidden knowledge encompasses diverse aspects, including profound insights into specific
Quranic verses, interpretations of the Imam's
1915:
For instance, historical accounts narrate how some Imams concealed their identities as a protective measure. In one story, the Imam Jafar al-Sadiq commended the behavior of a follower who chose to avoid direct interaction with the Imam, even though he recognized him on the street, rather than
1996:
Shia Islam. This is sometimes explained by the minority position Shias had under the political dominance of Sunni
Muslims, requiring them to protect themselves through concealment and dissimulation. In Shia legal literature, there is a range of situations in which taqiyya may be used or even
3082:
In the early 21st century, taqiyya has become the subject of debate. According to S. Jonathon O'Donnell, some theories posit "the idea that Muslims have a religious duty to deceive non-Muslims if it furthers the cause" of Islam. He argues the "claim rests on a misreading of the concept of
3074:'s Ismaili Shia origin, they have also been associated with taqiyya. When the Druze were a minority being persecuted they took the appearance of another religion externally, usually the ruling religion in the area, and for the most part adhered to Muslim customs by this practice.
4084:) by pretending to be Christians. ... The Moriscos' behavior was exceptional, however, and a departure from a general Islamic norm – Muslims may not convert to another religion unless their lives are in mortal danger, and then they must end their new status as quickly as possible
1745:
is practiced with the right intention, it is not considered sinful but rather a pious act. The fatwa emphasizes that God values the intention of believers over their outward actions, and taqiyya can be seen as a form of outward expression aligned with the correct intention.
1470:
Believers should not take disbelievers as guardians instead of the believers—and whoever does so will have nothing to hope for from Allah—unless it is a precaution against their tyranny. And Allah warns you about Himself. And to Allah is the final return.
1334:
The use of taqiyya has varied in recent history, especially between Sunni and Shia Muslims. Sunni Muslims gained political supremacy over time and therefore only occasionally found the need to practice taqiyya. On the other hand, Shia Muslims, as well as
2986:
have said, "Our teaching is the truth, the truth of the truth; it is the exoteric and the esoteric, and the esoteric of the esoteric; it is the secret and the secret of a secret, a protected secret, hidden by a secret." The Fatimid Imam-Caliph
1524:
writes, "meaning, except those believers who in some areas or times fear for their safety from the disbelievers. In this case, such believers are allowed to show friendship to the disbelievers outwardly, but never inwardly." He quotes the
3022:. He explains that thus far "a veil was drawn over the visage of truth," but now the Imam "allowed the veil to be lifted". Since the Imam had allowed written correspondence with his followers, he had effectively ended the era of
3779:"Whoever disbelieves in Allah after their belief—not those who are forced while their hearts are firm in faith, but those who embrace disbelief wholeheartedly—they will be condemned by Allah and suffer a tremendous punishment."
4224:
The doctrine of taqiyya (religious dissimulation) was also developed at this time. It served to protect the followers of as-Sadiq at a time when al-Mansur was conducting a brutally repressive campaign against 'Alids and their
3034:
as a fulfillment and culmination of their outwardly professed faith, rather than contrary to it. The name ‘Gupta’ in Sanskrit, means secret or hidden, which perfectly embodies the concealment of their faith and true identity.
1438:), the "action of covering, dissimulation". While the terms taqiyya and kitmān may be used synonymously, kitmān refers specifically to the concealment of one's convictions by silence or omission. Kitman derives from Arabic
1645:
There is a consensus that whomsoever is forced into apostasy and chooses death has a greater reward than a person who takes the license , but if a person is being forced to eat pork or drink wine, then they should do that
2997:
According to Shia scholar Muhammad Husain Javari Sabinal, Shiism would not have spread at all if not for taqiyya, referring to instances where Shia have been ruthlessly persecuted by the Sunni political elite during the
1956:
teachings, and specific religious obligations. The obligation to conceal arises when individuals acquire such exclusive knowledge emphasizing the importance of preserving its secrecy within the initiated community.
3657:
Mariuma, Yarden. "Taqiyya as Polemic, Law and Knowledge: Following an Islamic Legal Term through the Worlds of Islamic Scholars, Ethnographers, Polemicists and Military Men." The Muslim World 104.1–2 (2014):
3137:, characterized Ibrahim's article as "well-researched, factual in places but ... ultimately misleading". Ibrahim responded in 2009 with "Taqiyya Revisited: A Response to the Critics", on his blog and on the
1778:, or "inquisition". His views were disputed, and many of those who refused to follow his views were imprisoned, tortured, or threatened with the sword. Some Sunni scholars chose to affirm Mamun's view that
1616:
is considered a noble alternative. If threatened, it would be preferable for a Muslim to migrate to a more peaceful place where a person may practice their faith openly, "since God's earth is wide." In
3158:
Stefan Wimmer argues that taqiyya is not a tool to deceive non-Muslims and spread Islam, but instead a defensive mechanism to save one's life when it is in great danger (giving the example of the
1932:
is considered essential for safeguarding the faith and may be lifted when the political climate no longer poses a threat. Therefore, one way to discern the motivation behind a specific type of
2981:, however the term may also refer to times when the Imams were not physically hidden from view but rather when the community was required to practice precautionary dissimulation. During
3006:
empires. Indeed, for the Ismailis, the persistence and prosperity of the community today owes largely to the careful safeguarding of the beliefs and teachings of the Imams during the
2944:
in 1256 CE, the need to practice taqiyya became necessary, not only for the protection of the community itself, which was now stateless, but also for safeguarding the line of the
3697:, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman; , Th. Bianquis; , C.E. Bosworth; , E. van Donzel; and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2010. Brill Online. University of Toronto. 13 July 2010
3087:, by which believers may conceal their faith if under threat of violence. This misreading is widely deployed in Islamophobic writings." The term has been used by writers and
4803:
3352:
Precautionary denial of religious belief in the face of potential persecution. Stressed by Shia Muslims, who have been subject to periodic persecution by the Sunni majority.
1700:
where evil and corruption are the pervasive norm, and permissible things (Halal) are the exception and a rarity, then one can use whatever is available to fulfill his needs.
3280:, 2nd ed, Brill. "TAKIYYA", vol. 10, p. 134. Quote: "TAKIYYA "prudence, fear" ... denotes dispensing with the ordinances of religion in cases of constraint of preaching.".
4046:
Unlike the majority of Maliki scholars before him, he openly embraced the idea of a Mudejar jihad that was bound to the notion of inner steadfastness under persecution...
3430:
ibn ʻUmar Taftāzānī, Masʻūd. A Commentary on the Creed of Islam: Saʻd Al-Dīn Al-Taftāzānī on the Creed of Najm Al-Dīn Al-Nasafī. No. 43. Columbia University Press, 1950.
3861:
1416:, which are derived from the same root. These terms also have other meanings. For example, the term taqwá generally means "piety" (lit. "fear ") in an Islamic context.
1398:
denoting "caution, fear", "prudence, guarding against (a danger)", "carefulness, wariness". In the sense of "prudence, fear" it can be used synonymously with the terms
3014:
dynasty, and other periods of persecution. The 16th century Ismaili author Khwāja Muḥammad Riḍā b. Sulṭān Ḥusayn, also known as Khayrkhvah-i Harati, referring to the
2027:
would not have been worshipped". It is unclear whether those traditions only refer to taqiyya under risk or also taqiyya to conceal the esoteric doctrines of Shiism.
1370:
Yarden Mariuma, sociologist at Columbia University, writes: "Taqiyya is an Islamic juridical term whose shifting meaning relates to when a Muslim is allowed, under
1663:
Safeguarding of a Muslim's life is a mandatory obligation that should be observed; and that lying is permissible when the shedding of a Muslim's blood is at stake.
1590:(e.g. pork) to avoid starving to death. Additionally, denying one's faith under duress is "only at most permitted and not under all circumstances obligatory".
1858:) as an instinctive method of self-preservation and protection, an obligatory practice in the lands which became known as the realm of pious circumspection (
1741:
issued by Ibn Abi Juma highlights the significance of one's inner state and intention in determining their identity as a Muslim. According to this fatwa, if
1897:
became deeply ingrained into practitioners' psyche. If a believer wished, he/she could adopt this practice at moments of danger, or as a lifelong process.
2019:) given to the Imams by God had to be protected and the truth would have to be hidden before the uninitiated or their adversaries until the coming of the
1635:أجمعوا على أن من أكره على الكفر واختار القتل أنه أعظم أجرا عند الله ممن اختار الرخصة ، وأما غير الكفر فإن أكره على أكل الخنزير وشرب الخمر مثلا فالفعل أولى
1582:), which translates to "being forced" or "being coerced", and this word is not specific to concealing the faith; for example, under the jurisprudence of
1348:(lit. "action of covering, dissimulation"), which has a more specific meaning of dissimulation by silence or omission. This practice is emphasized in
1564:
The basic principle of taqiyya is agreed upon by scholars, though they tend to restrict it to dealing with non-Muslims and when under compulsion (
4986:(1998). The end of taqiyya: reaffirming the religious identity of Ismailis in Shughnan, Badakhshan – political implications for Afghanistan.
1912:” to describe caution due to fear of external enemies. It can be further categorized into two distinct forms: concealment and dissimulation.
3050:) due to historical persecution. Some tenets of the faith are secret, known only to a select few; therefore, they have been described as a
4859:
5148:
3366:
1721:
well. This challenges the negative notion that taqiyya is exclusively associated with one community or confined to a specific group.
3483:
Strothmann, R.; Djebli, Moktar (2012). "Taḳiyya". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).
5046:
4752:
2624:
2061:
4818:
3252:
450:
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1374:
law, to lie. A concept whose meaning has varied significantly among Islamic sects, scholars, countries, and political regimes."
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2734:
1804:
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4005:
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3811:
3744:
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3522:
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1774:(813 AD), he tried to impose his religious views on the status of the Qur'an over all his subjects, in an ordeal called the
5163:
2086:
1870:
1786:, who chose to endure torture rather than to say what is not from Islam in such an important moment of Islam's history. s.
3830:
R. Strothmann (2000). "Takkiyya". In P. J. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W. P. Heinrichs (eds.).
2919:
726:
4655:
4512:
2550:
4080:
A responsum (fatwa) by 'Ubaydallah al-Wahrani, issued in December 1504, permitted to exercise prudent dissimulation (
3562:
majority, the condition of most Shi'is until the rise of the Safavid dynasty, made such a doctrine important to Shi'is
2994:
when he confides to his followers that "if any religion is stronger than you, follow it, but keep me in your hearts."
5173:
5143:
5038:
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515:
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stated "Taqiyya is my religion and the religion of my ancestors", a tradition recorded in various sources including
1612:. Al-Tabari explains that concealing one's faith is only justified if the person is in mortal danger, and even then
3291:
2523:
115:
4885:
3192:
3046:
beliefs have never been confirmed by their modern religious authorities. Alawites tend to conceal their beliefs (
697:
1881:
in Sunni-dominated societies, the principle also allows for circumspection as other faiths. For instance, Gupti
3900:
3217:
2780:
2468:
642:
3112:
an article titled "Islam's doctrines of deception". Ibrahim presented his own translation of part of Lebanese
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Two primary aspects of circumspection became central for the Shi‘a: not disclosing their association with the
1754:
2644:
2498:
2428:
1851:
1737:) holds great importance. Merely performing an act without the right intention is considered insufficient. A
1353:
386:
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from those who are unprepared to receive them. While in most instances, minority Shi‘a communities employed
3247:
3222:
2755:
2448:
2001:(forbidden) to kill a human being to save one's own life. Some Shias, though, advance taqiyya as a form of
1716:
Abd Ibn Hameed, on the authority of al-Hassan, said: "al-Taqiyya is permissible until the Day of Judgment."
1593:
418:
1762:
in 1500. Muslim clerics permitted them to use taqiyya and become outwardly Christian, to save their lives.
4814:
4461:'Abd al‑Latif al‑Yunis, Mudhakkirat al‑Duktur 'Abd al‑Latif al‑Yunis, Damascus: Dar al‑'Ilm, 1992, p. 63.
3108:
2423:
2235:
2091:
465:
292:
4979:
3402:
3386:
Taqīyah is the precautionary dissimulation of religious belief and practice in the face of persecution.
2830:
2799:
2453:
2186:
1270:
505:
5168:
4031:
3668:
2948:
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2726:
2528:
2268:
2247:
2231:
600:
312:
4708:
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identified as Hindus, and this became a significant aspect of who they were. The Guptis view their
1572:). In Sunni jurisprudence protecting one's belief during extreme or exigent circumstances is called
5077:
3227:
3163:
2808:
2750:
2716:
2619:
1866:
1526:
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332:
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The Dynamics of Sunni-Shia Relationships: Doctrine, Transnationalism, Intellectuals and the Media
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2760:
2721:
2458:
2433:
1816:
1106:
127:
1862:). Therefore, the recurring theme is that during times of danger feigning disbelief is allowed.
5178:
5153:
4487:
3831:
2964:
2790:
2381:
2173:
2158:
1568:), while Shia jurists also allow it in interactions with Muslims and in all necessary matters (
1513:
about the general principle described in this passage is first recorded in a Qur'anic gloss by
1310:
1241:
581:
347:
17:
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401:
185:
140:
1951:” for when there is a need to conceal secret doctrines from the uninitiated. Non-prudential
1928:
permits individuals to utter words of disbelief as a means of self-preservation. Prudential
2977:
2941:
2827:
2604:
2438:
2401:
2331:
2321:
2143:
1782:, in spite of their beliefs, though a notable exception to this was scholar and theologian
1587:
1339:
developed taqiyya as a method of self-preservation and protection in hostile environments.
900:
4726:
3804:
The concept of state in Islam: a reassessment (Volume 13 of Iqbal Academy brochure series)
3141:
website. Ibrahim was again criticised for his view on Taqiyya in 2019, by Islamic scholar
8:
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4474:
3940:
3410:
3237:
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2785:
2503:
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1886:
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or face expulsion. The principle of taqiyya became very important for Muslims during the
1779:
1537:
1514:
1446:
used kitmān to conceal their Muslim beliefs in the face of persecution by their enemies.
1322:
975:
690:
586:
220:
120:
5122:
5118:
5114:
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3789:
1854:, since the earliest days of Islam, were often forced to practice pious circumspection (
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4190:
4130:
3232:
3152:
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2905:
2865:
2711:
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2294:
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1543:
A similar instance of the Qur'an permitting dissimulation under compulsion is found in
1364:
610:
567:
537:
520:
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440:
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108:
3764:
1327:'prudence') is a dissimulation and secrecy of religious belief and practice.
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Guardians of Islam: Religious Authority and Muslim Communities of Late Medieval Spain
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in 16th-century Spain, as it allowed them to convert to Christianity while remaining
1800:
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1532:, who said "we smile in the face of some people although our hearts curse them," and
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615:
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297:
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2874:
2639:
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1783:
1622:
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406:
391:
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285:
164:
4605:
4583:"Islamophobic conspiracism and neoliberal subjectivity: the inassimilable society"
4582:
1552:
Sunni and Shia commentators alike observe that verse 16:106 refers to the case of
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4394:
4362:
3734:
3212:
3155:
article titled "Taqiyya Sunset: Exposing the Darkness Shrouding Islamic Deceit."
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2483:
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1986:
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1301:
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411:
371:
360:
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245:
190:
103:
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3806:. Iqbal Academy Pakistan, original from the University of Michigan. p. 12.
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714:
683:
555:
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59:
4399:
The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation
4367:
The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation
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4116:
3760:
3515:
The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation
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1731:
In Sunni Islamic law, as in Islamic law in general, the concept of intention (
1352:
whereby adherents are permitted to conceal their beliefs when under threat of
5137:
4614:
4186:
3926:
3088:
3059:
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2742:
2701:
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525:
485:
32:
1556:, who was forced to renounce his beliefs under physical duress and torture.
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5044:
Kohlberg, Etan (July–September 1975). "Some Imāmī-Shīʿī Views on Taqiyya".
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Fathers and Sons: The Rise and Fall of Political Dynasty in the Middle East
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96:
85:
3442:"Surviving Persecution: Ismailism and Taqiyyah after the Mongol Invasions"
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3776:
3632:
3461:"Surviving Persecution: Ismailism and Taqiyya after the Mongol Invasions"
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2023:, when this knowledge and ultimate meaning can become known to everyone.
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Maimonides: The Life and World of One of Civilization's Greatest Minds
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1973:
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1367:, to maintain unity among Muslims and fraternity among Shia clerics.
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1071:
1061:
1036:
991:
925:
920:
870:
835:
327:
4904:
4436:
4162:
3460:
3441:
1916:
exposing him, and even cursed those who would call him by his name.
5059:
5004:: perseverance of Pashaye Ismaili enclave, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.
4811:
3095:, who posit that Muslims use the doctrine as a key strategy in the
2933:
2804:
2513:
2391:
2352:
2009:
1609:
1487:
1251:
1176:
1161:
1056:
775:
770:
765:
760:
637:
605:
319:
253:
1836:
3637:(illustrated ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 136.
3242:
3043:
3015:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2843:
2651:
2565:
2545:
2371:
2337:
2193:
2126:
2111:
1993:
1977:
1545:
1360:
1231:
1136:
1116:
1031:
965:
910:
875:
790:
785:
780:
755:
470:
147:
3162:). Similar views are shown by Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen from the
1936:
is to determine whether it ceases once the danger has subsided.
2945:
2937:
2629:
2148:
1998:
1890:
1820:
1733:
1618:
1613:
1463:
1443:
1371:
1211:
1171:
1151:
1131:
1111:
1096:
1026:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
970:
960:
950:
945:
940:
895:
860:
850:
800:
745:
490:
480:
269:
237:
229:
214:
208:
92:
46:
4753:"Raymond Ibrahim and the Middle East Forum – updated 8/2/2013"
4530:
Lebanon: current issues and background, John C. Rolland (2003)
3113:
3071:
2540:
2518:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2136:
2121:
2076:
2045:
2002:
1981:
1823:
1775:
1759:
1738:
1602:
1459:
1408:
1331:
to be acknowledged by Muslims of virtually all persuasions.
1291:
1226:
1216:
1196:
1186:
1126:
1101:
1081:
1041:
1021:
930:
915:
890:
880:
865:
855:
845:
840:
820:
805:
795:
718:
632:
510:
201:
159:
152:
75:
67:
39:
3482:
4860:"Taqiyyah Sunrise: Shining Light on Contemporary Deception"
3099:
of Western countries by hiding their true violent intents.
2975:
Such periods in which the Imams are concealed are known as
2952:
2218:
2213:
1989:. This condition made taqiyya doctrine important to Shias.
1980:
caliph, conducted a brutal and oppressive campaign against
1893:
to avoid caste persecution. In many cases, the practice of
1827:
1166:
1146:
1091:
935:
830:
750:
735:
261:
169:
4257:
Islam in China: religion, ethnicity, culture, and politics
4109:
In Praise of the Few. Studies in Shiʿi Thought and History
3409:. The Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at
2686:
810:
31:
For the cap worn for religious or cultural purposes, see
1359:
Taqiyya was initially practiced under duress by some of
3635:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
3633:
Gerhard Böwering; Patricia Crone; Mahan Mirza (2013).
1869:
when this could put them in danger and protecting the
5095:(Dissimulation in Islam), Druze Heritage Foundation.
5031:
Inevitable Doubt. Two Theories of Shi'i Jurisprudence
3608:
Maréchal, Brigitte; Zemni, Sami, eds. (29 May 2013).
1964:
The doctrine of taqiyya was developed at the time of
4902:
4557:
The war for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948
3173:
2951:
during this period of unrest. Accordingly, the Shia
1985:
frequently-hostile Sunni majority until the rise of
1924:
During times of danger, the recurring theme is that
1315:
4235:
4233:
27:
Denial of Islamic belief in the face of persecution
4521:
3985:
3901:"Dissimulation in Sunni Islam and Morisco Taqiyya"
3517:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 47f.
3365:
3331:
1919:Kohlberg identifies the second type of prudential
4631:Religion and Knowledge: Sociological Perspectives
4455:
4163:"Taqiyya and Identity in a South Asian Community"
4103:Kohlberg, Etan; Ehteshami, Amin (24 April 2020),
4102:
4019:
4017:
3465:Sufis and Their Opponents in the Persianate World
3446:Sufis and Their Opponents in the Persianate World
3396:
3394:
5135:
4230:
3329:
2005:, a sort of fighting against their adversaries.
5017:The Druzes in the Jewish State: A Brief History
4831:
4779:
4724:
4675:
3129:Islamic politics, especially in the modern era.
1947:Kohlberg coined the expression “non-prudential
1908:Kohlberg has coined the expression “prudential
1536:, who said, "the tuqyah is acceptable till the
4834:"Taqiyya Revisited: A Response to the Critics"
4782:"Taqiyya Revisited: A Response to the Critics"
4746:
4744:
4720:
4718:
4671:
4669:
4560:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 74–75.
4014:
3988:The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision
3954:
3801:
3391:
3363:
1710:al-Durr al-Manthoor Fi al-Tafsir al- Ma'athoor
1377:
4883:
4580:
3829:
3802:Iqbal, Javid; 'Umar, Muhammad Suhail (2000).
3607:
2913:
1758:A 19th-century painting of a mass baptism of
1271:
691:
4934:Scripture and Exegesis in Early Imami Shiism
4857:
4801:
4775:
4773:
3372:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
3124:("Dissimulation in Islam"). Ibrahim quoted:
1633:
1577:
1505:"in fear" are derived from the same root as
4948:Early Muslim Dogma: A Source-Critical Study
4741:
4715:
4666:
4627:
4581:O'Donnell, S. Jonathon (19 December 2017).
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
2012:nature of early Shia Islam. The knowledge (
4962:The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines
4341:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 373.
4287:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 345.
3792:Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2015
3669:"The Quranic Arabic Corpus – Quran Search"
3292:"Dissimulation in Sunni Islam and Morisco
3058:but consider the most important one to be
3018:period, writes about the end of an era of
2920:
2906:
1278:
1264:
698:
684:
4825:
4770:
4727:"How Taqiyya Alters Islam's Rules of War"
4628:Guest, Mathew; Arweck, Elisabeth (2016).
4604:
4464:
3916:
3862:"عرض صفحة الكتاب – الحديث – موقع الإسلام"
3478:
3476:
3474:
3311:
1939:
5047:Journal of the American Oriental Society
5043:
4500:
4387:
4355:
4334:
4280:
4161:Virani, Shafique N. (23 February 2011).
4105:"Taqiyya in Shiʿi Theology and Religion"
3825:
3823:
3531:
3499:
3151:. Ibrahim also responded to Hasan in a
1799:in 1492, Muslims were persecuted by the
1753:
1462:reference to religious dissimulation in
4480:
4274:
4253:
4201:
4057:
3898:
3836:. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Leiden:
3289:
3253:Spirit possession and exorcism in Islam
1815:, practicing Islam in secret. In 1504,
14:
5136:
4804:"Interpreting Taqiyya: Special Report"
4750:
4434:
4393:
4361:
4308:L., Clarke (2005). Todd Lawson (ed.).
4160:
4023:
3549:. Yale University Press. p. 183.
3512:
3471:
3458:
3439:
3403:"Islam in Spain after the Reconquista"
3283:
3077:
2962:of Aḥmad b. Muhammad al-Barqī and the
1968:(d. 148 AH/765 AD), the sixth Imamiya
4553:
4471:Secretive sect of the rulers of Syria
4212:. Yale University Press. p. 39.
4207:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4092:
3980:
3894:
3892:
3820:
3732:
3544:
3325:
3323:
3272:
3270:
3268:
1900:
1656:The Revival of the Religious Sciences
1605:to recant his faith and denounce the
4832:Raymond Ibrahim (26 February 2009).
4780:Raymond Ibrahim (26 February 2009).
2030:
1959:
5074:Misri, Ahmad ibn Naqib al- (1997).
3899:Stewart, Devin (30 December 2013).
3459:Virani, Shafique (1 January 2020).
3440:Virani, Shafique (1 January 2020).
3400:
3374:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3340:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2805:ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh
1634:
1578:
1559:
1435:
1305:
24:
5149:Arabic words and phrases in Sharia
4932:Bar-Asher, Me'ir Mikha'el (1999).
4926:
4307:
4147:
4089:
3889:
3320:
3265:
1972:. It served to protect Shias when
1846:
1458:is thought to be derived from the
1454:The technical meaning of the term
25:
5190:
5107:
4886:"Die Taqiya-Lüge (=Verstellung)?"
4858:Hasan, Usama (19 December 2019).
4802:Michael Ryan (12 November 2008).
4435:Virani, Shafique (January 2020).
4243:. Al-Islam.org. 12 November 2013.
4241:"AlTaqiyya, Dissimulation Part 3"
3290:Stewart, Devin (8 January 2014).
1992:Taqiyya holds a central place in
1805:forced to convert to Christianity
4976:Das Prinzip der takijja im Islam
4751:Musaji, Sheila (2 August 2013).
4681:"Islam's doctrines of deception"
4260:. Lexington Books. p. 152.
3939:Patton, Walter Melville (1897).
3612:. Hurst Publishers. p. 76.
3493:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7341
3176:
2889:
2781:ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh
2060:
1449:
665:
74:
4896:
4877:
4851:
4795:
4725:Raymond Ibrahim (Winter 2010).
4648:
4621:
4574:
4547:
4494:
4449:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_35517
4428:
4419:
4328:
4311:Reason and inspiration in Islam
4301:
4247:
4051:
3974:
3948:
3933:
3880:
3854:
3795:
3782:
3769:
3753:
3726:
3702:
3687:
3675:
3661:
3651:
3626:
3601:
3588:
3567:
3193:Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam
3038:
2722:Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir
1871:esoteric teachings of the Imams
1674:, narrates on the authority of
1601:was forced by the idolaters of
4964:. Cambridge University Press.
4950:. Cambridge University Press.
4808:Jane's Islamic Affairs Analyst
4314:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 46–47.
4210:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
3942:Ahmed Ibn Hanbal and the Mihna
3547:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
3452:
3433:
3424:
3357:
3338:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
3330:John L. Esposito, ed. (2014).
3276:R. STROTHMANN, MOKTAR DJEBLI.
3218:Doctrine of mental reservation
3109:Jane's Islamic Affairs Analyst
2800:Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh
2791:Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh
13:
1:
5033:. Brill Academic Publishers.
5019:. Brill Academic Publishers.
4936:. Brill Academic Publishers.
4884:Stefan Wimmer (23 May 2014).
4606:10.1080/0031322X.2017.1414473
3259:
3065:
2717:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak
1621:, in the Sunni commentary of
5113:"al-Taqiyya/Dissimulation" (
4167:The Journal of Asian Studies
3733:Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009).
3513:Virani, Shafique N. (2009).
3248:Self-sacrifice in Jewish law
3223:Islamic schools and branches
2776:Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh
2766:Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh
2751:ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī bi'l-Lāh
7:
5164:Islam-related controversies
4888:(in German). Archived from
4111:, BRILL, pp. 266–299,
4024:Miller, Kathryn A. (2008).
3945:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 79–91.
3693:Lewisohn, L. "Taḳwā (a.)."
3169:
2990:expresses the sentiment of
2786:Maʿad al-Mustanṣir bi'l-Lāh
1835:majority of earlier Maliki
1749:
1391:is derived from the Arabic
1378:Etymology and related terms
1316:
249:("Stories of the Prophets")
10:
5195:
4978:, ZMLG 60 (1906), 213–226.
4905:"On Taqiyya and Democracy"
4903:Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen.
4634:. Routledge. p. 120.
3918:10.3989/alqantara.2013.016
3487:(Second ed.). Brill.
3313:10.3989/alqantara.2013.016
2795:Aḥmad al-Mustāʿlī bi'l-Lāh
2499:Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam
1852:Minority Shi‘a communities
1586:one is allowed to consume
1382:
984:Legal vocations and titles
29:
4757:The American Muslim (TAM)
4554:Rogan, Eugene L. (2001).
4254:Israeli, Raphael (2002).
4179:10.1017/s0021911810002974
4117:10.1163/9789004406971_017
4058:Kraemer, Joel L. (2010).
4032:Columbia University Press
3961:, Springer, p. 149,
3710:"Quran Dictionary – K.M."
3054:sect. Alawites celebrate
2529:Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai
1789:Following the end of the
1419:
5174:Sharia legal terminology
5144:Arabic words and phrases
5078:Reliance of the Traveler
4960:Daftary, Farhad (1992).
4909:University of Copenhagen
4815:Jane's Information Group
4501:Friedman, Yaron (2010).
3682:Muslim-Jewish encounters
3228:Religious views on truth
3164:University of Copenhagen
2936:in the aftermath of the
2008:Others relate it to the
1724:
1527:Companion of the Prophet
338:Medieval Islamic science
5029:Gleave, Robert (2000).
4656:"Trump's counter-jihad"
4533:. Nova. 1 August 2003.
4425:Tarikhush Shi'ah, p.230
4403:Oxford University Press
4371:Oxford University Press
4338:Secrecy and Concealment
4335:Kohlberg, Etan (1995).
4284:Secrecy and Concealment
4281:Kohlberg, Etan (1995).
3955:M. E. McMillan (2013),
3790:"TAQIYA i. In Shiʿism,"
3739:. Infobase Publishing.
3364:Paul E. Walker (2009).
2771:Nizār al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh,
2424:ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
1693:al-Ashbah Wa al-Naza'ir
1442:"to conceal, to hide".
5128:A Shi'ite Encyclopedia
5093:Al-Taqiyya Fi Al-Islam
4988:Middle Eastern Studies
4946:Cook, Michael (2003).
4703:Cite journal requires
4441:Encyclopaedia of Islam
4208:Momen, Moojan (1985).
3833:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3695:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3545:Momen, Moojan (1985).
3485:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3133:Michael Ryan, also in
3131:
3122:Al Taqiyya Fi Al Islam
1817:Ubayd Allah al-Wahrani
1780:the Qur'an was created
1763:
1718:
1702:
1685:
1665:
1648:
1641:Which translates to:
1639:
1495:
348:Succession to Muhammad
38:For the building, see
5085:, Amana Publications.
4731:Middle East Quarterly
4588:Patterns of Prejudice
4490:. Globalsecurity.org.
4437:"Khayrkhvāh-i Harātī"
3994:Yale University Press
3736:Encyclopedia of Islam
3596:Encyclopedia of Islam
3577:Encyclopedia of Islam
3278:Encyclopedia of Islam
3126:
2809:Abu'l-Qāsim al-Tayyib
2484:Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi
2419:ibn Faraj ibn Ḥawshab
1757:
1714:
1697:
1680:
1661:
1643:
1631:
1468:
1361:Muhammad's companions
45:For sufi lodges, see
5015:Firro, Kais (1999).
5006:Central Asian Survey
4597:Taylor & Francis
4068:. pp. 100–101.
3868:on 26 September 2011
3840:. pp. 134–135.
2745:(ar-Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh)
2605:Palace of Queen Arwa
2439:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi
2434:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
2402:Nizari Ismaili state
1877:using the façade of
1629:, it is stated that:
1517:in the 9th century.
387:Association football
4662:. 13 February 2017.
4504:The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs
4395:Virani, Shafique N.
4363:Virani, Shafique N.
3411:New York University
3238:Islam and Mormonism
3198:Crypto-Christianity
3078:Contemporary debate
2504:Rashid ad-Din Sinan
2429:ibn Mansur al-Yaman
1887:Indian subcontinent
1885:communities in the
1672:al-Tabaqat al-Kubra
1538:Day of Resurrection
1515:Muhammad al-Bukhari
148:Profession of Faith
121:Day of Resurrection
5000:(2000). Praxis of
4821:on 5 October 2011.
3407:Teaching Materials
3233:Mental reservation
3153:FrontPage Magazine
2866:Mufaddal Saifuddin
2737:(al-Taqī Muhammad)
2661:House of Knowledge
2551:Nizārī strongholds
2282:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
1976:(r. 754–775), the
1764:
1426:A related term is
1342:A related term is
5101:978-1-904850-02-1
5083:Nuh Ha Mim Keller
4998:Emadi, Hafizullah
4984:Emadi, Hafizullah
4838:Middle East Forum
4412:978-0-19-531173-0
4380:978-0-19-531173-0
4219:978-0-300-03531-5
4126:978-90-04-40697-1
4075:978-0-385-51200-8
4041:978-0-231-13612-9
4007:978-0-300-07522-9
3968:978-1-137-30811-5
3847:978-90-04-11211-7
3813:978-969-416-294-2
3761:Tafsir Ibn Kathir
3746:978-1-4381-2696-8
3556:978-0-300-03531-5
3524:978-0-19-531173-0
3139:Middle East Forum
3089:counter-jihadists
3056:Islamic festivals
2970:al-Qāḍī al-Nu‘mān
2940:onslaught of the
2930:
2929:
2857:Haatim Zakiyuddin
2821:Incumbent leaders
2656:Baghdad Manifesto
2610:Queen Arwa Mosque
2377:Fatimid Caliphate
2031:Ismaili Shia view
1960:Twelver Shia view
1801:Catholic Monarchs
1797:Iberian Peninsula
1712:, narrates that:
1509:, and the use of
1501:("you fear") and
1326:
1314:
1288:
1287:
708:
707:
16:(Redirected from
5186:
5169:Ismaili theology
5081:, translated by
5071:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4892:on 9 April 2016.
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4864:Jewish Chronicle
4855:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4817:. Archived from
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4777:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4748:
4739:
4738:
4722:
4713:
4712:
4706:
4701:
4699:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4679:(October 2008).
4673:
4664:
4663:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4608:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4484:
4478:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4158:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4100:
4087:
4086:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4021:
4012:
4011:
3991:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3952:
3946:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3920:
3896:
3887:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3864:. Archived from
3858:
3852:
3851:
3838:Brill Publishers
3827:
3818:
3817:
3799:
3793:
3786:
3780:
3773:
3767:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3706:
3700:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3665:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3605:
3599:
3594:R. Strothmann-.
3592:
3586:
3585:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3542:
3529:
3528:
3510:
3497:
3496:
3480:
3469:
3468:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3401:Stewart, Devin.
3398:
3389:
3388:
3369:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3335:
3327:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3287:
3281:
3274:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3148:Jewish Chronicle
3093:Patrick Sookhdeo
2965:Da‘ā’im al-Islām
2960:Kitāb al-Maḥāsin
2922:
2915:
2908:
2896:Islam portal
2894:
2893:
2892:
2875:Taher Fakhruddin
2840:Musta'li Ismaili
2489:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
2397:Hamdanid dynasty
2387:Sulayhid dynasty
2064:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2035:
2034:
1784:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
1695:, affirms that:
1637:
1636:
1623:Sahih al-Bukhari
1581:
1580:
1560:Sunni Islam view
1551:
1520:Regarding 3:28,
1493:
1437:
1356:or compulsion.
1321:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1242:Tabi' al-Tabi'in
710:
709:
700:
693:
686:
672:Islam portal
670:
669:
668:
78:
55:
54:
50:
43:
36:
21:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5134:
5133:
5110:
4974:Goldziher, I.,
4929:
4927:Further reading
4924:
4914:
4912:
4901:
4897:
4882:
4878:
4868:
4866:
4856:
4852:
4842:
4840:
4830:
4826:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4784:
4778:
4771:
4761:
4759:
4749:
4742:
4723:
4716:
4704:
4702:
4693:
4692:
4685:
4683:
4677:Raymond Ibrahim
4674:
4667:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4626:
4622:
4579:
4575:
4568:
4552:
4548:
4541:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4515:
4499:
4495:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4477:, 5 August 2011
4469:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4420:
4413:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4333:
4329:
4322:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4252:
4248:
4239:
4238:
4231:
4220:
4206:
4202:
4159:
4148:
4139:
4137:
4127:
4101:
4090:
4076:
4056:
4052:
4042:
4034:. p. 114.
4022:
4015:
4008:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3953:
3949:
3938:
3934:
3897:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3848:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3800:
3796:
3787:
3783:
3774:
3770:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3692:
3688:
3680:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3606:
3602:
3593:
3589:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3557:
3543:
3532:
3525:
3511:
3500:
3481:
3472:
3457:
3453:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3399:
3392:
3382:
3362:
3358:
3348:
3328:
3321:
3288:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3213:Denial of Peter
3182:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3104:Raymond Ibrahim
3080:
3070:Because of the
3068:
3041:
2956:Ja'far al-Sadiq
2949:Ismaili Imamate
2926:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2847:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs
2828:Nizārī Ismā'īlī
2822:
2814:
2813:
2729:(al-Wāfī Ahmad)
2712:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq
2682:
2671:
2670:
2593:Qalaat al-Madiq
2524:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs
2392:Zurayid dynasty
2359:
2303:Sulaymani Bohra
2238:
2224:
2223:
2189:
2179:
2178:
2072:
2051:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2033:
1987:Safavid dynasty
1966:Ja'far al-Sadiq
1962:
1945:
1940:Non-Prudential
1906:
1889:circumspect as
1849:
1847:Shia Islam view
1752:
1729:
1625:, known as the
1607:Islamic prophet
1588:prohibited food
1562:
1554:'Ammar b. Yasir
1544:
1494:
1486:
1452:
1424:
1393:triliteral root
1385:
1380:
1365:Twelver Shi'ism
1284:
1052:Hujjat al-Islam
997:Shaykh al-Islām
704:
666:
664:
657:
656:
601:Other religions
596:Arabic language
558:
548:
547:
476:Moral teachings
367:
353:
352:
343:Spread of Islam
288:
278:
277:
265:(jurisprudence)
247:Qisas al-Anbiya
196:
195:
175:
174:
143:
133:
132:
88:
51:
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5192:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5132:
5131:
5109:
5108:External links
5106:
5105:
5104:
5086:
5072:
5060:10.2307/599351
5054:(3): 395–402.
5041:
5027:
5013:
4995:
4981:
4972:
4958:
4944:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4895:
4876:
4850:
4824:
4794:
4769:
4740:
4714:
4705:|journal=
4665:
4647:
4640:
4620:
4573:
4566:
4546:
4539:
4520:
4514:978-9004178922
4513:
4493:
4479:
4463:
4454:
4427:
4418:
4411:
4405:. p. 53.
4386:
4379:
4373:. p. 12.
4354:
4347:
4327:
4320:
4300:
4293:
4273:
4266:
4246:
4229:
4218:
4200:
4146:
4125:
4088:
4074:
4050:
4040:
4013:
4006:
3973:
3967:
3947:
3932:
3911:(2): 439–490.
3888:
3879:
3853:
3846:
3819:
3812:
3794:
3788:Louis Medoff,
3781:
3768:
3752:
3745:
3725:
3701:
3686:
3674:
3660:
3650:
3643:
3625:
3618:
3600:
3587:
3584:: 134–5. 2000.
3580:. Edition II.
3566:
3555:
3530:
3523:
3498:
3470:
3451:
3432:
3423:
3390:
3380:
3356:
3346:
3319:
3306:(2): 439–490.
3282:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3208:Crypto-Judaism
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3171:
3168:
3079:
3076:
3067:
3064:
3040:
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2516:
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2506:
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2494:Hasan-i Sabbah
2491:
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2326:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2279:
2277:Hebtiahs Bohra
2274:
2273:
2272:
2243:
2241:Branches/sects
2239:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2032:
2029:
1961:
1958:
1944:
1938:
1905:
1899:
1860:dār al-taqiyya
1848:
1845:
1832:issued a fatwā
1813:crypto-Muslims
1751:
1748:
1728:
1723:
1708:, in his book
1691:, in his book
1670:, in his book
1561:
1558:
1497:The two words
1488:Surah Al Imran
1484:
1451:
1448:
1423:
1418:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1247:Da'i al-Mutlaq
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
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1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
986:
985:
981:
980:
979:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
825:
824:
816:
815:
814:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
740:
739:
731:
730:
722:
721:
706:
705:
703:
702:
695:
688:
680:
677:
676:
675:
674:
659:
658:
655:
654:
648:
647:
646:
645:
640:
630:
625:
624:
623:
618:
608:
603:
598:
592:
591:
590:
589:
584:
579:
571:
570:
565:
559:
556:Related topics
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
540:
538:Social welfare
535:
530:
529:
528:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
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150:
144:
139:
138:
135:
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130:
128:Predestination
124:
123:
118:
112:
111:
109:Revealed Books
106:
100:
99:
89:
84:
83:
80:
79:
71:
70:
64:
63:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5191:
5180:
5179:Shia theology
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5154:Counter-jihad
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5089:Makarem, Sami
5087:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5039:90-04-11595-1
5036:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5025:90-04-11251-0
5022:
5018:
5014:
5012:(2): 253–264.
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4994:(3): 103–120.
4993:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4971:
4970:0-521-42974-9
4967:
4963:
4959:
4957:
4956:0-521-54572-2
4953:
4949:
4945:
4943:
4942:90-04-11495-5
4939:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4910:
4906:
4899:
4891:
4887:
4880:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4839:
4835:
4828:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4783:
4776:
4774:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4745:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4721:
4719:
4710:
4697:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4670:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4643:
4641:9781317068051
4637:
4633:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4577:
4569:
4567:9780521794763
4563:
4559:
4558:
4550:
4542:
4540:9781590338711
4536:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4516:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4497:
4489:
4488:"Alawi Islam"
4483:
4476:
4475:The Telegraph
4472:
4467:
4458:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4431:
4422:
4414:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4382:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4350:
4348:9789004102354
4344:
4340:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4321:9781850434702
4317:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4294:9789004102354
4290:
4286:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4267:9780739103753
4263:
4259:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4173:(1): 99–139.
4172:
4168:
4164:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4054:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4020:
4018:
4009:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3992:. New Haven:
3990:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3970:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3951:
3944:
3943:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3893:
3883:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3849:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3826:
3824:
3815:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3756:
3748:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3729:
3714:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3696:
3690:
3683:
3678:
3670:
3664:
3654:
3646:
3644:9780691134840
3640:
3636:
3629:
3621:
3619:9781849042178
3615:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3591:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3570:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3466:
3462:
3455:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3427:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3381:9780195305135
3377:
3373:
3368:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3347:9780195125580
3343:
3339:
3334:
3326:
3324:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3286:
3279:
3273:
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3254:
3251:
3249:
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3244:
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3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
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3219:
3216:
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3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3174:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3120:'s monograph
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3106:published in
3105:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3075:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3060:Eid al-Ghadir
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2989:
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2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:Dawoodi Bohra
2860:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2829:
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2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
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2640:Jama'at Khana
2638:
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2500:
2497:
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2474:Nasir Khusraw
2472:
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2414:Hamdan Qarmat
2412:
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2283:
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2275:
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2270:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2263:Dawoodi Bohra
2261:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:Seven Pillars
2183:
2182:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Reincarnation
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:Ismaili Shi‘a
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1841:Al-Wansharisi
1838:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
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1787:
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1777:
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1769:
1761:
1756:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1704:Jalal al-Din
1701:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1687:Jalal al-Din
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:wrote in his
1652:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1546:Surah An-Nahl
1541:
1539:
1535:
1534:Hasan ibn Ali
1531:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:Quranic basis
1447:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
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1375:
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1368:
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1357:
1355:
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1340:
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1328:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
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1259:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1248:
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1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
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1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:Seghatoleslam
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
987:
983:
982:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
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882:
879:
877:
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872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
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854:
852:
849:
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844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
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829:
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809:
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802:
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789:
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769:
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764:
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728:
724:
723:
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696:
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689:
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681:
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678:
673:
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661:
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635:
634:
631:
629:
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619:
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613:
612:
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604:
602:
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583:
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572:
569:
566:
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561:
560:
557:
552:
551:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
527:
524:
523:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
511:Proselytizing
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
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454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
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430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
420:
419:Denominations
417:
413:
410:
409:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
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349:
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317:
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217:
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211:
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137:
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129:
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119:
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110:
107:
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102:
101:
98:
94:
91:
90:
87:
82:
81:
77:
73:
72:
69:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
53:
48:
41:
34:
33:Taqiyah (cap)
19:
5159:Crypto-Islam
5127:
5092:
5075:
5051:
5045:
5030:
5016:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4991:
4987:
4975:
4961:
4947:
4933:
4913:. Retrieved
4908:
4898:
4890:the original
4879:
4867:. Retrieved
4863:
4853:
4841:. Retrieved
4837:
4827:
4819:the original
4807:
4797:
4785:. Retrieved
4760:. Retrieved
4756:
4734:
4730:
4696:cite journal
4684:. Retrieved
4659:
4650:
4630:
4623:
4592:
4586:
4576:
4556:
4549:
4529:
4523:
4503:
4496:
4482:
4466:
4457:
4440:
4430:
4421:
4401:. New York:
4398:
4389:
4369:. New York:
4366:
4357:
4337:
4330:
4310:
4303:
4283:
4276:
4256:
4249:
4223:
4209:
4203:
4170:
4166:
4138:, retrieved
4108:
4081:
4079:
4064:. New York:
4060:
4053:
4045:
4030:. New York:
4026:
3987:
3982:Kamen, Henry
3976:
3957:
3950:
3941:
3935:
3908:
3904:
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3866:the original
3856:
3832:
3803:
3797:
3784:
3771:
3759:
3755:
3735:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3713:Corpus Quran
3712:
3704:
3694:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3663:
3653:
3634:
3628:
3609:
3603:
3590:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3560:
3546:
3514:
3484:
3464:
3454:
3445:
3435:
3426:
3416:30 September
3414:. Retrieved
3406:
3385:
3371:
3359:
3351:
3337:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3285:
3203:Crypto-Islam
3184:Islam portal
3157:
3146:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3118:Sami Makarem
3107:
3101:
3097:Islamization
3084:
3081:
3069:
3047:
3042:
3039:Alawite view
3031:
3028:
3023:
3019:
2996:
2991:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2963:
2959:
2942:Alamut state
2931:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2727:ʿAbad Allāh
2620:Constitution
2598:
2597:
2534:
2533:
2509:Pir Sadardin
2469:al-Naysaburi
2454:al-Sijistani
2407:
2406:
2361:
2360:
2330:
2320:
2319:
2293:
2286:
2267:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2025:
2021:Twelfth Imam
2013:
2007:
1991:
1963:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1894:
1874:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1790:
1788:
1765:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1681:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1627:Fath al-Bari
1592:
1583:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1542:
1530:Abu al-Darda
1519:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1455:
1453:
1439:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1386:
1369:
1358:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1337:Sufi Muslims
1333:
1329:
1296:
1295:
1289:
955:
819:
734:
727:Usul al-Fiqh
725:
628:Islamophobia
407:Demographics
402:Circumcision
318:
311:
304:
270:
262:
246:
238:
230:
219:
213:
207:
200:
52:
5103:(in Arabic)
4915:18 December
4843:18 December
4787:18 December
4762:23 November
4686:18 December
4225:supporters.
3996:. pp.
3718:21 December
3574:"Takiyya".
3160:Reconquista
3143:Usama Hasan
2871:Qutbi Bohra
2853:Alavi Bohra
2835:Aga Khan IV
2313:Qutbi Bohra
2308:Alavi Bohra
2269:Progressive
1901:Prudential
1809:Inquisition
1792:Reconquista
1599:Ammar Yasir
1354:persecution
1047:Grand Mufti
643:Laws of war
306:Ahl al-Bayt
191:Foundations
5138:Categories
4869:19 January
3905:Al-Qanṭara
3684:by Nettler
3300:Al-Qanṭara
3260:References
3066:Druze view
2625:Delegation
2581:Maymun-Diz
2464:al-Shirazi
2459:al-Kirmani
2444:Qadi Numan
2343:Qarmatians
2232:Musta'lism
2219:Pilgrimage
2159:Numerology
2053:Isma'ilism
1651:Al-Ghazali
1522:ibn Kathir
1396:wāw-qāf-yā
1202:Mujahideen
496:Philosophy
233:(exegesis)
170:Pilgrimage
160:Almsgiving
4615:0031-322X
4507:. BRILL.
4195:143431047
4187:0021-9118
4140:16 August
4135:219042730
4066:Doubleday
3927:1988-2955
3367:"Taqīyah"
3333:"Taqiyah"
3008:Ilkhanate
2761:al-Manṣūr
2702:al-Sajjad
2635:Holy Du'a
2514:Aga Khans
2449:al-Nasafi
2370:state of
2368:Qarmatian
2348:Assassins
2082:Batiniyya
1974:Al-Mansur
1706:al-Suyuti
1689:al-Suyuti
1676:Ibn Sirin
1614:martyrdom
1594:Al-Tabari
1570:ḍarūriyāt
1387:The term
1311:romanized
1182:Ulu'l-amr
1157:Muhaddith
1062:Ayatollah
1037:Mohyeddin
926:Istishhad
921:Istighfar
836:Mustahabb
616:terrorism
568:Criticism
521:Sexuality
491:Mysticism
461:Festivals
441:Education
436:Economics
372:Academics
328:Caliphate
141:Practices
5123:Part III
5091:(2004).
4599:: 1–23.
4397:(2007).
4365:(2007).
3984:(1998).
3886:v2, p176
3170:See also
3116:scholar
3102:In 2008
3091:such as
3052:mystical
3044:Alawites
2988:al-Hakim
2934:Ismailis
2932:For the
2756:al-Qāʾim
2707:al-Baqir
2561:Atashgah
2353:Satpanth
2338:Seveners
2248:Musta'li
2236:Nizarism
2164:Theology
2071:Concepts
2042:a series
2040:Part of
2010:esoteric
1839:such as
1750:Examples
1668:Ibn Sa'd
1610:Muhammad
1485:—
1473:illā an
1317:taqiyyah
1252:al-Dawla
1192:Mu'azzin
1177:Marabout
1162:Mujaddid
1132:Mufassir
1057:Mujtahid
786:Madrasah
776:Istishab
771:Istihsan
766:Istihlal
761:Ikhtilaf
715:a series
713:Part of
652:Glossary
638:Jihadism
611:Violence
606:Islamism
577:Muhammad
563:Apostasy
506:Politics
456:Feminism
451:Exorcism
412:Diaspora
397:Children
392:Calendar
320:Rashidun
298:Muhammad
293:Timeline
254:Mathnawi
116:Prophets
60:a series
58:Part of
5119:Part II
5002:taqiyya
4082:taqiyya
3872:13 July
3658:89–108.
3294:Taqiyya
3243:Munafiq
3145:in the
3085:taqiyya
3048:taqiyya
3032:taqiyya
3024:taqiyya
3020:taqiyya
3016:Anjudan
3012:Safawid
3004:Abbasid
3000:Umayyad
2992:taqiyya
2844:Taiyabi
2743:Ḥusayn
2680:leaders
2652:Abbasid
2586:Rudkhan
2571:Lambsar
2566:Gerdkuh
2556:Alamut
2546:Anjudan
2535:Centers
2479:Pamiris
2372:Bahrayn
2256:Tayyibi
2214:Fasting
2209:Charity
2194:Walayah
2092:Imamate
1994:Twelver
1978:Abbasid
1953:taqiyya
1949:taqiyya
1942:Taqiyya
1934:taqiyya
1930:taqiyya
1926:taqiyya
1921:taqiyya
1910:taqiyya
1903:Taqiyya
1895:taqiyya
1879:Sunnism
1875:taqiyya
1856:taqiyya
1795:of the
1770:became
1743:taqiyya
1683:again."
1584:idtirar
1574:idtirar
1511:taqiyya
1507:taqiyya
1499:tattaqū
1477:minhum
1475:tattaqū
1460:Quranic
1456:taqiyya
1414:ittiqāʾ
1400:tuqa(n)
1389:taqiyya
1383:Taqiyya
1350:Shi'ism
1325:
1313::
1297:Taqiyya
1237:Tabi'un
1232:Sahabah
1137:Murshid
1122:Mawlānā
1117:Khawaja
1107:Mawlawi
1032:Allamah
966:Tazkiah
956:Taqiyya
911:Hirabah
876:Fahisha
791:Maslaha
781:Madhhab
756:Ijtihad
533:Slavery
516:Science
471:Madrasa
466:Finance
377:Animals
365:society
361:Culture
333:Imamate
313:Sahabah
286:History
256:(Poems)
241:(creed)
165:Fasting
93:Oneness
86:Beliefs
5115:Part I
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5068:599351
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3775:Quran
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3467:: 210.
3448:: 209.
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3135:Jane's
3010:, the
2946:Nizari
2938:Mongol
2735:Ahmad
2697:Husayn
2678:Early
2645:Qiyama
2630:Ginans
2615:Nizārī
2576:Masyaf
2519:Khojas
2408:People
2382:Multan
2362:States
2332:Nizari
2322:Hafizi
2204:Prayer
2199:Purity
2174:Titles
2149:Taqiya
2087:Ta'wil
1999:haraam
1891:Hindus
1837:Faqīhs
1821:Maliki
1772:caliph
1619:Hadith
1597:after
1579:إضطرار
1549:16:106
1464:Sura 3
1444:Ibadis
1440:katama
1432:Arabic
1428:kitmān
1421:Kitmān
1412:, and
1372:Sharia
1345:kitmān
1302:Arabic
1212:Shahid
1172:Sheikh
1152:Akhund
1112:Khatib
1097:Mullah
1072:Marja'
1027:Faqeeh
1017:Hadrat
1012:Ashraf
1007:Sharif
1002:Sayyid
992:Caliph
971:Thawab
961:Tawbah
951:Taghut
946:Tafsir
941:Sunnah
896:Ghibah
871:Bid'ah
861:Baligh
851:Makruh
801:Taqlid
746:Ijazah
587:Hadith
501:Poetry
481:Mosque
446:Ethics
271:Sharia
239:Aqidah
231:Tafsir
215:Hadith
209:Sunnah
153:Prayer
104:Angels
47:tariqa
18:Taqiya
5064:JSTOR
4911:: 8–9
4595:(1).
4191:S2CID
4131:S2CID
3114:Druze
3072:Druze
2692:Hasan
2666:Women
2599:Other
2541:Cairo
2295:Vakil
2288:Badar
2137:Hujja
2122:Daʿwa
2102:Bātin
2097:Ẓāhir
2077:Quran
2046:Islam
2003:jihad
1982:Alids
1867:Imams
1824:mufti
1776:mihna
1768:Mamun
1766:When
1760:Moors
1739:fatwa
1734:niyya
1726:Niyya
1603:Mecca
1566:ikrāh
1503:tuqāt
1479:tuqāt
1466::28:
1436:كتمان
1409:taqwá
1404:tuqāt
1292:Islam
1227:Salaf
1222:Ansar
1217:Hajji
1207:Ghazi
1197:Murid
1187:Ustad
1127:Mawla
1102:Mahdi
1087:Hakim
1082:Hujja
1077:Hafiz
1042:Mufti
1022:Ulama
976:Wasat
931:Jihad
916:Islah
901:Gunah
891:Fasad
886:Fitna
881:Fasiq
866:Batil
856:Haram
846:Mubah
841:Halal
821:Ahkam
806:Taqwa
796:Qiyas
719:Islam
633:Jihad
582:Quran
543:Women
486:Music
424:Sunni
273:(law)
221:Sirah
202:Quran
186:Texts
68:Islam
40:takya
5097:ISBN
5076:The
5035:ISBN
5021:ISBN
4966:ISBN
4952:ISBN
4938:ISBN
4917:2019
4871:2019
4845:2019
4789:2019
4764:2020
4737:(1).
4709:help
4688:2019
4636:ISBN
4611:ISSN
4562:ISBN
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4509:ISBN
4407:ISBN
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4183:ISSN
4142:2023
4121:ISBN
4070:ISBN
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4002:ISBN
3963:ISBN
3923:ISSN
3874:2011
3842:ISBN
3808:ISBN
3765:3:28
3741:ISBN
3720:2019
3639:ISBN
3614:ISBN
3551:ISBN
3519:ISBN
3418:2015
3376:ISBN
3342:ISBN
3002:and
2983:satr
2978:satr
2953:Imam
2831:Imām
2234:and
2144:Satr
2127:Dāʿī
2117:ʿIlm
2112:'Aql
1970:Imam
1828:Oran
1819:, a
1803:and
1491:3:28
1323:lit.
1306:تقیة
1167:Qadi
1147:Wali
1092:Imam
936:Qasd
906:Haya
831:Fard
751:Ijma
736:Fiqh
526:LGBT
429:Shia
363:and
263:Fiqh
5125:),
5056:doi
4812:IHS
4660:Vox
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4175:doi
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