553:. He was subsequently executed in May. When his assets were confiscated, they consisted of 36,000 dinars, 1,500,000 silver dirhams, clothing worth 640,000 dinars, palaces, khans, baths and markets in Damascus valued at 2,600,000 silver dirhams, and other properties in Homs, Beirut, and smaller towns valued at 900,000 silver dirhams and 4,200 animals. The confiscated wealth of Tankiz was distributed among the senior emirs. In 1343, two years after an-Nasir Muhammad died, Tankiz's body was brought to Damascus where it was buried in the mausoleum he had built during his rule.
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fearful of him. According to medieval Mamluk sources, tensions between Tankiz and an-Nasir in the form of relatively minor quarrels and incidents in the late 1330s led to the eventual downfall of Tankiz in 1340. According to Amalia
Levanoni, an author specializing in Mamluk affairs, an-Nasir Muhammad bore "a silent grudge" towards Tankiz when the latter refused three of his requests to release mamluk Juban from imprisonment in
300:
283:, Tankiz accompanied him until an-Nasir Muhammad left to take back the sultanate in 1310. According to historian Stephan Conermann, while Tankiz and an-Nasir Muhammad were posted at al-Karak, an-Nasir Muhammad sent Tankiz "on some dangerous missions" to Syria, which he executed successfully. Thus, when an-Nasir Muhammad regained the sultanate later that year, Tankiz was given the rank of
670:, who later became sultan in 1342–1345. Also in 1338, two of Tankiz's sons married two of an-Nasir Muhammad's daughters from another of the latter's wives. Of Tankiz's sons, Ali was granted an emirate in 1331 and Muhammad and Ahmad became emirs, during Tankiz's rule and with an-Nasir Muhammad's blessing. A grandson of Tankiz, Salah al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhmmad, was an
487:. Before engaging in architectural work, Tankiz had the city's infrastructure revamped. These projects included the repairing, overhauling and cleaning of the canal systems which supplied water throughout Damascus. The canal system was characterized by two separate underground systems, one of which distributed water from the
471:, who had been imprisoned by an-Nasir as a result of an alleged assassination plot. Their imprisonment led to a mass hunger strike by their mamluks and an-Nasir was compelled to have them released to avoid a mutiny. Tashtamur remained in his post while Qutlubugha was transferred to Tankiz's supervision in Syria.
656:
In honor of his wife (Khawand
Sutayta bint Kawkabay al-Mansuri), Tankiz built a twin-domed mausoleum for her in Damascus called al-Turba al-Kawkabʾiyya, which was completed five months after her death in 1330. As a fulfillment of her will, a mosque and a women's hospice were added alongside her tomb.
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Other projects included various civil planning pursuits that controlled unorganized expansion, particularly in the northern and western parts of the city and the establishment of important streets, bridges and spaces to ease transportation and communication in the district. Although several shops and
545:
tribes of northern Syria who recognized the authority of Tankiz, but not of an-Nasir
Muhammad. Tankiz retorted that an-Nasir Muhammad had "lost his mind" and listened only to his young entourage. Moreover, he communicated to an-Nasir Muhammad that he "would have advised him to seat one of his sons "
665:
Tankiz was married to a
Khawand Sutayta bint Sayf al-Din Kawkabay al-Mansuri. She died in Tankiz's Damascus home in mid-1330 and five months later a domed mausoleum was built over her tomb by Tankiz. Khawand Sutayta had also ordered that a mosque and women's hospice be constructed adjacent to her
517:
From the 1330s, an-Nasir
Muhammad began to assert his authority over many of his most powerful emirs. Following the execution of a leading emir, Baktamur as-Saqi in 1332, Tankiz, wary of sharing Baktamur's fate, paid a visit to an-Nasir Muhammad who subsequently contented himself that Tankiz was
529:
Tensions grew further when in 1339, Tankiz levied a punitive tax on the
Christians of Damascus to fund repairs for property damage resulting from a series of arson attacks that the Christians were alleged to have committed. An-Nasir Muhammad had discouraged Tankiz from imposing the tax to avoid
546:
and Tankiz "would run the affairs of the state in his name." With Tankiz being in a strong position to launch a decisive revolt in Syria, an-Nasir
Muhammad interpreted his words as a threat to usurp the throne. In an-Nasir Muhammad's view, Tankiz had become too independent of his authority.
611:
period) and had since worn down were given specific attention by Tankiz. Additionally, new mosaic decorations were added to the prayer niches of the mosques. Most surviving examples of glass mosaics from the Mamluk era could be traced back to Tankiz's architectural activities.
573:
Throughout his rule, Tankiz embarked on several architectural projects. In
Damascus alone nearly 40 public institutions, including mosques and schools, were constructed or restored either under the direct orders of Tankiz or by various princes, judges and wealthy merchants.
270:
Because of his initial tenure with Lajin, Tankiz was a relative outsider when he became part of an-Nasir
Muhammad's inner circle of mamluks. Nonetheless, Tankiz became one of the sultan's closest friends. In 1309, when an-Nasir Muhammad went into voluntary exile at
374:. Tankiz led his army dressed in the clothes of a king and "on his horse, all was gold, even his hunting drum," according to Mamluk-era chronicler Ibn Sasra. Tankiz managed to conquer Malatya and successfully embarked on a number of raids against nearby
355:, were officially under his authority, to the extent that any letter the lower-level governors sent to the sultan would have to be inspected first by Tankiz himself; if he disagreed with a letter's content, he would have it returned to its sender.
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mausoleum. The closeness between Tankiz and an-Nasir
Muhammad was highlighted between the intermarriage of their offspring. Tankiz arranged the marriage of his daughter Qutlughmalik to an-Nasir Muhammad. In 1338, Qutlughmalik gave birth to
319:) by an-Nasir Muhammad in August 1312. His quick ascent to this post was a rare occurrence because he did not undergo the stages of promotion that traditionally preceded the appointment. He also held the additional title
323:, which translates as "supreme governor of the noble provinces of Damascus." Tankiz had been very close with the sultan and his appointment was in line with other provincial and sub-provincial appointments of
509:
benches were demolished in the newer outer neighborhoods of the city in order to widen the road networks, the buildings of the old inner city were not affected. These works were spread roughly over a decade.
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work. Similar action was undertaken in Hama. From the 1331 onward, Tankiz would take annual trips to meet an-Nasir Muhammad in Egypt (1331–32, 1333, 1334, 1338, 1340). In his 1339 trip, he also visited
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Endowed in 730/1330. Women's hospice founded by Tankiz al-Nasiri. Modern name not known (photographer's shop and studio) Opposite the Tankiziyya, on the north and west sides of the square in front of
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An-Nasir Muhammad dispatched Emir Bashtak an-Nasiri and 350 of Bashtak's mamluks to Syria to arrest Tankiz in 1340. Following his capture, Tankiz was brought to Cairo and then imprisoned in
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and ordered them to pay rent for the time that they had lodged there. The payments he exacted from them were used to fund repairs and the redecoration of the mosque. By 1329, the
1047:) for women built next to her mausoleum Tankiz’s charitable foundation at Bab al-Silsila in Jerusalem also includes a women’s hospice which was also endowed in 730 (1330)"
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in northern Syria was rejected by an-Nasir Muhammad. The latter feared that Tankiz would use the hunting trip as a cover to seek asylum with Dhu al-Qadir, chief of the
403:
conformed with their original purposes. In a major example of his budget cuts, Tankiz had 130 teachers dismissed from the al-Shamiyya al-Juwaniyya Madrasa whose
1331:
Mazor, Amir (2014). "The "Manṣūrīyah Legacy": The Manṣūrī Amirs, Their Mamluks, and Their Descendants during al-Nāṣir Muḥammad's Third Reign and After".
1368:
Steenbergen, Jo Van (2001). "The Amir Qawsun: Statesman or Courtier? (720-741 AH/1320-1341 AD)". In Vermeulen, Urbain; Steenbergen, Jo Van (eds.).
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628:
399:. He ordered infrastructural repairs, reduced government workers' salaries and removed superfluous stipends in order that the
227:(slave soldier) in his service until January 1299, when Lajin was killed. Following Lajin's death, Tankiz became a bodyguard (
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287:(emir of forty mamluks). On an-Nasir Muhammad's instructions, Tankiz was then trained how to govern by Arghun an-Nasiri, the
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In 1315, Tankiz was dispatched by an-Nasir Muhammad as the supreme commander of Egyptian and Syrian mamluk regiments in an
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and the latter's allies. Sometime during an-Nasir Muhammad's second reign (January 1299–March 1309), Tankiz was made an
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in Jerusalem to be renovated. The latter project was completed in 1331. A few months after, in 1332, Tankiz had the
505:(public bathhouses) and fountains, and another whose purpose was drainage. The work cost 300,000 silver dirhams.
327:(plural form of emir) in an-Nasir Muhammad's inner circle. By 1314 Tankiz had gained unprecedented rule over the
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419:(Islamic law college). Tankiz also ordered the eviction of inhabitants living illegally on the grounds of the
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1147:"Tankiz ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥusāmī al-Nāṣirī (d. 740/1340) as Seen by His Contemporary al-Ṣafadī (d. 764/1363)"
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in 1321, after gaining permission from an-Nasir Muhammad. In 1327, Tankiz oversaw the management of
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According to a Mamluk-era biographer of Tankiz, Khalil ibn Aybak as-Safadi, Tankiz was brought to
1167:"Umayyad Survivals and Mamluk Revivals: Qalawunid Architecture and the Great Mosque of Damascus"
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A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nasir Muuammad Ibn Qalawun (1310-1341)
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Simmering conflict between the two reached its apex in 1339 after Tankiz's request to hunt in
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Power and Patronage in Medieval Syria: The Architecture and Urban Works of Tankiz Al-Nāṣirī
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restored. Glass mosaics that previously existed in those structures (most dated from the
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Throughout his rule, Tankiz engaged in several building works, "changing the face" of
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Jarrar 1998, p. 91. "Sutayta also expressed her wish to wish a masjid and a hospice (
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traders. In March 1337, Tankiz had negotiated the release of two emirs of the
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219:, meaning "sea". Tankiz was raised in Cairo and was later bought by Sultan
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as a young child by a man named al-Khwajah Alaa al-Din al-Siwasi. The name
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413:(Muslim scholars) and agreed that 60 jurists would remain employed by the
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only entitled the institution to 20 teachers. Tankiz compromised with the
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1213:"Suq al-Maʿrifa: An Ayyubid Hanbalite Shrine in al-Haram al-Sharif"
1160:(2). Middle East Documentation Center, University of Chicago: 1–24.
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In 1328-1330, Tankiz endowed a charitable foundation, madrasa (the
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Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture, Volume 11
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247:(emir of ten mamluks). During these years, Tankiz studied the
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Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, Volume Four: -G-
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Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk Eras III
451:, Nasir ad-Din al-Husayn, to relocate to the city from the
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Williams, Caroline (1994). "The Mosque of Sitt Hadaq". In
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Essays on Islamic Civilization: Presented to Niyazi Berkes
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with the new public structures, according to historian
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in 1299. In December 1299, Tankiz participated in the
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Between 1318-19 he commissioned a restoration of the
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of the Umayyad Mosque had a surplus of 70,000 silver
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Khawand Sutaytah bint Sayf al-Din Kawkabay al-Mansuri
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Sayf ad-Din Tankiz ibn Abdullah al-Husami an-Nasiri
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1001:Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton; et al. (1987).
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1211:Jarrar, Sabri (1998). Necipoğlu, Gülru (ed.).
1007:. British School of Archaeology. p. 240.
530:deteriorating already sour relations with the
1165:Flood, F. B. (1997). Necipoğlu, Gülru (ed.).
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1113:Jarrar 1998, p. 89, fig. 11.
619:), and women's hospice (the
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1476:Mamluk viceroys of Damascus
1395:. Oxford University Press.
1253:. Oxford University Press.
1145:Conermann, Stephan (2008).
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1310:Little, Donald P. (1976).
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172:; died May 1340), was the
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1247:Kenney, Ellen V. (2009).
746:Steenbergen 2001, p. 459.
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279:after he was toppled by
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443:In 1334 he ordered the
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1076:"Khan Tankiz"
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1466:Mamluk emirs
1416:
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569:in Jerusalem
565:Part of the
548:
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516:
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485:Moshe Sharon
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259:Sahih Muslim
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231:) of Sultan
228:
216:
204:
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185:Bahri Mamluk
180:
161:
157:
156:
111:Qutlughmalik
27:
1446:1340 deaths
645:, or inn),
637:Khān Tankiz
524:Transjordan
438:Upper Egypt
277:Transjordan
245:amir ashara
150:Sunni Islam
42:Predecessor
1440:Categories
1427:9004100709
1323:9004044647
1302:9004101829
1281:0521277620
1195:9004108726
682:References
676:khassakiya
625:Chain Gate
617:Tankiziyya
551:Alexandria
229:khassakiya
66:Alexandria
1420:. BRILL.
1353:. Brill.
1295:. BRILL.
583:Jerusalem
447:ruler of
309:Jerusalem
241:Ilkhanate
107:Muhammad
50:Successor
37:1312–1340
1347:(2009).
1220:Muqarnas
1174:Muqarnas
513:Downfall
481:Damascus
397:Damascus
372:Anatolia
273:al-Karak
207:was the
174:Damascus
146:Religion
81:Damascus
63:May 1340
1414:(ed.).
1339:: 1–56.
1240:1523278
1204:1523236
651:hammams
635:, the
609:Umayyad
599:of the
543:Turkmen
520:Shawbak
502:hamaams
497:Qanawat
461:Catalan
457:Genoese
429:dirhams
416:madrasa
368:Malatya
345:Tripoli
250:hadiths
187:sultan
176:-based
135:Dynasty
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661:Family
605:Hebron
596:mihrab
493:Banias
489:Barada
449:Beirut
433:marble
364:Mongol
349:Aleppo
333:nuwabb
329:Levant
225:mamluk
213:Turkic
209:Arabic
205:tankiz
178:Turkic
166:Arabic
162:Tankiz
109:Ahmad
92:Spouse
76:Burial
22:Tankiz
1236:JSTOR
1216:(PDF)
1200:JSTOR
1170:(PDF)
1150:(PDF)
1043:ribāṭ
522:, in
453:Chouf
445:Druze
410:ulema
401:awqaf
392:awqaf
387:Mecca
353:Safad
325:umara
264:ulama
217:teñiz
215:word
201:Cairo
170:تنكيز
140:Bahri
120:Names
101:Issue
85:Syria
70:Egypt
34:Reign
1422:ISBN
1397:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1355:ISBN
1318:ISBN
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1276:ISBN
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1190:ISBN
1009:ISBN
642:khān
495:and
425:waqf
405:waqf
383:Hajj
362:the
351:and
341:Hama
337:Homs
257:and
105:Ali
60:Died
1228:doi
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639:(a
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275:in
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