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is a form of dance music popular in Sri Lanka, originating centuries ago among the
Kaffirs or Afro-Sri Lankan communities (mixed communities consisting of Portuguese, Bantu, and native Sri Lankan people). It has its origins in African folk music of the east coast of Africa was later amalgamated with
320:
The
Portuguese, Dutch, and the British used the Kaffirs as a part of their naval forces and for domestic labor. When Dutch colonialists arrived around 1600, the Kaffirs worked on cinnamon plantations along the southern coast and some had settled in the
316:
Historical records indicate that
Portuguese traders brought Siddis to the Indian subcontinent between 300 and 500 years ago. The Kaffirs were brought to Sri Lanka as a source of labour between the ninth and nineteenth centuries by Arab merchants.
312:
slaves to the Indian subcontinent. However fragmented official documentation may be, the recent public promotion of their music and dance forms allows the broader Sri Lankan society to acknowledge and better understand Kaffir history.
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de Silva
Jayasuriya, S. (1999). Portuguese in Sri Lanka: influence of substratum languages. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 9(2): 251-270.
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The descendants of the freed Kaffir slaves are still a distinctive community are mainly found in the former occupied territories of the
Portuguese colonists, mainly near
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de Silva
Jayasuriya, S. (2006). Trading on a thalassic network: African migrations across the Indian Ocean. International Social Science Journal 58 (188), 215-225.
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They spoke a distinctive creole based on
Portuguese. The extinct language was known as 'Sri Lankan Kaffir language'. It differs from
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Sri Lanka Kaffir culture is a direct link back to their distant past in the
African Great Lakes, which is rapidly disappearing.
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European instruments and eastern and western rhythms, especially rhythms found in Spain and northern
European folk music.
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de Silva
Jayasuriya, Shihan (June 2006). "Trading on a thalassic network: African migrations across the Indian Ocean".
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Sri Lanka Kaffirs originally adhered to traditional faiths. However, they now practice religions from
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de Silva Jayasuriya, S. (2008). African identity in Asia: Cultural Effects of Forced Migration
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kingdom. Some research suggests that Kaffir slaves were employed as soldiers to fight against
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477:"WWW Virtual Library Sri Lanka: Kaffirs in Sri Lanka - Descendants of enslaved Africans"
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slaves who were brought by them to work as labourers and soldiers to fight against the
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coasts. In South Africa, it became a slur. "Kaffir" derives in turn from the
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377:, communities of partly European ancestry on the East coast of Sri Lanka.
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maintained by families that are descended from slaves from Africa. While
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styles Kaffringna and Manja and their popular form of dance music
3144:
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1979:
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567:"Sunday Observer Magazine | Sundayobserver.lk - Sri Lanka"
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183:
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Persaudaraan (Brotherhood). Malay Life in Sri Lanka (2nd ed)
159:
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de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan; Angenot, Jean-Pierre (2008).
516:"Indian Siddis: African Descendants with Indian Admixture"
800:
The Kaffirs of Sri Lanka – An African Connection part 2
795:
The Kaffirs of Sri Lanka – An African Connection part 1
773:
Kaffirs in Sri Lanka – Descendants of enslaved Africans
170:, and are known in Pakistan as Sheedis and in India as
704:. Ministry of National Co-existence. 2017. p. 13.
790:'Kaffir culture', video portrait by Kannan Arunasalam
702:
People of Sri Lanka, Dialogue and Official Languages
638:
443:– Communities of Bantu descent in Pakistan and India
373:. There was some contact between the Kaffir and the
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561:
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27:Sri Lankan ethnic group of African Bantu descent
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146:who are partially descended from 16th-century
1855:
1057:
820:
672:
208:term once used to designate natives from the
718:The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective
514:Shah, Anish M.; et al. (15 July 2011).
260:. There might be a discussion about this on
676:The Encyclopedia of the Sri Lankan Diaspora
56:
1862:
1848:
1064:
1050:
827:
813:
785:The Beginnings of the European Slave Trade
666:
648:Uncovering the History of Africans in Asia
708:
539:
497:. Colombo: S Godage & Brothers. Print
280:Learn how and when to remove this message
308:, Portuguese colonialists later brought
611:
361:of Sri Lanka but also in areas such as
300:were the original slave traders in the
14:
3197:
509:
507:
505:
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1843:
1675:
1446:
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1045:
808:
679:. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet.
3179:
1869:
620:International Social Science Journal
513:
232:
51:Regions with significant populations
1824:
744:"Have you heard about the Kaffirs?"
500:
24:
781:at Sri Lanka virtual library site.
775:at Sri Lanka virtual library site.
520:American Journal of Human Genetics
174:. The Kaffirs spoke a distinctive
25:
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452:Portuguese-based creole languages
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3169:
3168:
2051:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1823:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1428:Sri Subodharama Raja Maha Vihara
836:
632:10.1111/j.1468-2451.2006.00613.x
493:Careem, Tuan M. Zameer .(2017).
237:
58:
1701:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
1511:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
1217:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
736:
694:
573:from the original on 2015-02-18
158:. They are very similar to the
3205:European diaspora in Sri Lanka
602:
593:
584:
487:
469:
13:
1:
3220:African diaspora in Sri Lanka
1484:Jaffna under Tambralinga rule
462:
348:
1516:Jaffna under Portuguese rule
1197:Malay invasions of Sri Lanka
779:Sri Lanka Portuguese Creoles
721:. New York: Berghahn Books.
429:Sri Lankan Portuguese creole
193:
82:Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole
7:
3215:Multiracial affairs in Asia
434:
422:
380:
10:
3241:
3063:African diaspora religions
2187:Indigenous Black Canadians
1782:Delgamuwa Raja Maha Vihara
715:Knorr, Jacqueline (2016).
532:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030
408:
396:
228:
162:-descended populations in
3210:People of African descent
3164:
3053:
3038:African Hebrew Israelites
3023:
2977:
2914:
2903:
2883:
2814:Afro-Asians in South Asia
2779:
2692:
2527:
2377:
2162:
2088:
1898:
1884:
1877:
1799:
1764:
1721:
1693:
1671:
1629:
1601:
1548:
1464:
1442:
1418:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
1356:
1316:
1273:
1237:
1187:
1157:
1124:
1092:
1008:
973:
883:
867:
854:Demographics of Sri Lanka
849:
651:. Leiden; Boston: BRILL.
142:) are an ethnic group in
100:
95:
80:
75:
55:
50:
43:
38:
3225:Indian Ocean slave trade
2080:Turks and Caicos Islands
1713:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
1506:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
1202:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
404:
331:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
306:Indian Ocean slave trade
1489:Jaffna under Kotte rule
3068:Anti-African sentiment
1739:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1581:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1576:Aryacakravarti dynasty
1423:Kotte Raja Maha Vihara
1379:Yapahuwa rock fortress
1255:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1167:Kingdom of Dambadeniya
673:Reeves, Peter (2014).
359:North Western Province
3120:Civil rights movement
3008:Afro-Caribbean people
2317:Chestnut Ridge people
2239:African-American Jews
2041:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1654:Kotagama inscriptions
1620:Yalpana Vaipava Malai
1229:Convention of Malvana
329:, most likely in the
3078:Atlantic slave trade
2766:United Arab Emirates
1659:Madawala inscription
1479:Pandyan Principality
1212:Kandyan independence
481:www.lankalibrary.com
447:Kaffir (racial term)
304:slave trade via the
250:confusing or unclear
2967:Sierra Leone Creole
2818:India and Pakistan
2063:Trinidad and Tobago
1913:Antigua and Barbuda
1681:Kingdom of Sitawaka
1526:Portuguese conquest
1396:Gadaladeniya Vihara
1079:Transitional period
993:Portuguese Burghers
859:Sri Lankan diaspora
302:African Great Lakes
258:clarify the section
210:African Great Lakes
44:Few thousand (2005)
35:
3110:Black Lives Matter
2717:Ethiopian Israelis
2367:African immigrants
2342:Louisiana Redbones
2278:Chickasaw freedmen
2207:African immigrants
1975:Dominican Republic
1401:Lankatilaka Vihara
1308:Irrigation network
1149:Polonnaruwa period
1098:Dambadeniya period
339:Randeniwela (1630)
335:Mulleriyawa (1562)
120:Sri Lankan Kaffirs
33:
18:Sri Lankan Kaffirs
3192:
3191:
3160:
3159:
3073:Anti-Black racism
3013:British Jamaicans
3003:African Americans
2988:African Americans
2942:Americo-Liberians
2927:African Americans
2899:
2898:
2722:Sudanese refugees
2523:
2522:
2293:Seminole freedmen
2273:Cherokee freedmen
2254:Black Southerners
2229:African Americans
2177:African Americans
1837:
1836:
1795:
1794:
1685:
1667:
1666:
1590:Portuguese puppet
1499:Liberation battle
1456:
1438:
1437:
1179:
1039:
1038:
954:
935:
928:
921:
914:
896:Sri Lankan Tamils
728:978-1-78533-069-8
686:978-981-4260-83-1
658:978-90-04-16291-4
290:
289:
282:
116:
115:
34:Sri Lanka Kaffirs
16:(Redirected from
3232:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3171:
2912:
2911:
2300:Creoles of color
2283:Choctaw freedmen
2249:Black Mennonites
2182:Black Mennonites
2029:Jamaican Maroons
1985:Samaná Americans
1896:
1895:
1882:
1881:
1871:African diaspora
1864:
1857:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1827:
1826:
1817:
1807:
1806:
1706:Vijayabā Kollaya
1683:
1673:
1672:
1644:Cankilian Thoppu
1494:Kotte's campaign
1454:
1444:
1443:
1406:Embekka Devalaya
1222:Vijayabā Kollaya
1177:
1159:
1158:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1043:
1042:
950:
931:
924:
917:
910:
841:
840:
829:
822:
815:
806:
805:
760:
759:
757:
755:
746:. Archived from
740:
734:
732:
712:
706:
705:
698:
692:
690:
670:
664:
662:
642:
636:
635:
626:(188): 215–225.
615:
609:
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600:
597:
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588:
582:
581:
579:
578:
563:
554:
553:
543:
511:
498:
491:
485:
484:
473:
343:Gannoruwa (1638)
327:Sri Lankan kings
292:Kaffirs have an
285:
278:
274:
271:
265:
241:
240:
233:
225:, "unbeliever".
68:
64:
62:
61:
39:Total population
36:
32:
21:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3156:
3130:Genetic history
3055:
3049:
3025:
3019:
2999:United Kingdom
2973:
2952:Afro-Brazilians
2907:
2905:
2895:
2879:
2784:
2775:
2688:
2531:
2519:
2379:
2373:
2244:Alabama Creoles
2164:
2158:
2090:
2084:
1889:
1873:
1868:
1838:
1833:
1791:
1760:
1717:
1689:
1688:
1663:
1625:
1597:
1586:Don Constantine
1561:Kalinga dynasty
1544:
1460:
1459:
1434:
1352:
1348:Popular culture
1324:Guththila Kawya
1312:
1269:
1233:
1183:
1182:
1153:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1070:
1040:
1035:
1004:
969:
879:
863:
845:
835:
833:
769:
764:
763:
753:
751:
742:
741:
737:
729:
713:
709:
700:
699:
695:
687:
671:
667:
659:
643:
639:
616:
612:
607:
603:
598:
594:
589:
585:
576:
574:
565:
564:
557:
512:
501:
492:
488:
475:
474:
470:
465:
437:
425:
413:
407:
399:
383:
351:
286:
275:
269:
266:
255:
242:
238:
231:
214:Southern Africa
204:is an obsolete
196:
134:, and காப்பிலி
105:
59:
57:
45:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3238:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3176:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3142:
3140:Pan-Africanism
3137:
3132:
3127:
3125:Creole peoples
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2997:
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2995:
2990:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2970:
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2960:
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2920:
2918:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2896:
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2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2841:Black Dutchmen
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2657:United Kingdom
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2288:Creek freedmen
2285:
2280:
2275:
2261:
2259:Black Hispanic
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2225:United States
2223:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2155:
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246:This section
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156:Sinhala kings
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103:folk religion
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46:~1,000 (2009)
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2891:Saint Helena
2872:
2827:in Karnataka
2744:Saudi Arabia
2312:Brass Ankles
1953:Cape Verdean
1639:Mantri Manai
1618:
1566:Chandrabhanu
1336:in Sinhalese
1286:Caste system
1281:Alagakkonara
1260:Capital city
1134:Bibliography
1114:Kotte period
999:
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
738:
717:
710:
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675:
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623:
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604:
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575:. Retrieved
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384:
352:
319:
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294:oral history
291:
276:
267:
256:Please help
247:
220:
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197:
150:traders and
135:
127:
119:
117:
30:Ethnic group
3150:Reparations
3115:Black power
2863:New Zealand
2694:Middle East
2647:Switzerland
2607:Netherlands
2322:Dominickers
2197:Nova Scotia
2115:El Salvador
2046:Saint Lucia
2036:Puerto Rico
1829:WikiProject
1772:Avissawella
1749:Rajasinha I
1684:(1521–1594)
1570:Tambralinga
1455:(1232–1620)
1369:Dambadeniya
1364:Polonnaruwa
1328:Literature
1178:(1232–1597)
1100:1232 – 1341
975:Multiracial
884:Traditional
843:Sri Lankans
411:Baila music
387:Catholicism
363:Trincomalee
101:Originally
3199:Categories
3083:Coromantee
2498:Paramaccan
2412:Quilombola
2352:Melungeons
2110:Costa Rica
2019:Coromantee
1754:Rajasuriya
1722:Government
1649:Yamuna Eri
1614:Setu coins
1549:Government
1386:Kurunegala
1265:Rājākariya
1238:Government
1116:1412– 1592
1108:1341– 1412
1026:Maldivians
1009:Immigrants
868:Indigenous
754:16 January
577:2015-02-18
463:References
367:Batticaloa
349:Demography
252:to readers
180:Portuguese
148:Portuguese
124:Portuguese
2904:Secondary
2868:Sri Lanka
2846:Mardijker
2836:Indonesia
2807:Hong Kong
2802:Guangzhou
2792:Australia
2739:Palestine
2667:Liverpool
2662:Cambridge
2515:Venezuela
2387:Argentina
2142:Nicaragua
2120:Guatemala
1900:Caribbean
1878:Geography
1765:Landmarks
1744:Mayadunne
1631:Landmarks
1357:Landmarks
891:Sinhalese
663:page 164.
357:, in the
198:The word
194:Etymology
178:based on
144:Sri Lanka
126:, කාපිරි
76:Languages
66:Sri Lanka
3174:Category
3024:Asia and
2993:Haitians
2948:Nigeria
2938:Liberia
2908:diaspora
2884:Atlantic
2858:Malaysia
2759:Africans
2677:Scotland
2622:Portugal
2543:Abkhazia
2503:Saramaka
2478:Suriname
2468:Paraguay
2456:Saramaka
2424:Colombia
2402:Kalungas
2332:Garifuna
2268:Freedmen
2219:Mascogos
2152:Cimarrón
2125:Honduras
2103:Garifuna
2073:Merikins
2056:Garifuna
1970:Dominica
1928:Barbados
1908:Anguilla
1886:Americas
1809:Category
1734:Monarchs
1729:Monarchy
1556:Monarchs
1413:Kelaniya
1374:Yapahuwa
1296:Salagama
1250:Monarchs
1245:Monarchy
1139:Timeline
1016:Japanese
952:Javanese
912:Bharatha
733:page 52.
691:page 31.
571:Archived
550:21741027
435:See also
423:Language
391:Buddhism
381:Religion
375:Burghers
355:Puttalam
128:kāpiriyō
111:Buddhism
96:Religion
3184:Commons
3145:Slavery
3135:Maroons
3054:Related
3026:Oceania
2984:France
2873:Kaffirs
2785:Oceania
2652:Ukraine
2627:Romania
2597:Ireland
2580:Germany
2563:Finland
2558:Denmark
2553:Belgium
2548:Austria
2510:Uruguay
2488:Matawai
2436:Ecuador
2407:Macombo
2392:Bolivia
2380:America
2202:Ontario
2165:America
2091:America
2089:Central
2014:Jamaica
2002:Marabou
1992:Grenada
1965:Curaçao
1933:Bermuda
1923:Bahamas
1694:History
1602:Culture
1466:History
1391:Gampola
1332:in Pali
1317:Culture
1274:Society
1189:History
1171:Gampola
1129:Outline
1081:topics
1021:Koreans
1000:Kaffirs
965:Pathans
906:Indians
901:Chinese
541:3135801
397:Culture
371:Negombo
323:Kandyan
248:may be
229:History
206:English
136:kāppili
132:Sinhala
86:Sinhala
3103:Yoruba
3056:topics
3033:Israel
2978:Europe
2923:Ghana
2916:Africa
2754:Turkey
2729:Jordan
2712:Israel
2672:London
2642:Sweden
2632:Russia
2617:Poland
2612:Norway
2590:Blacks
2585:Greece
2568:France
2534:Blacks
2529:Europe
2493:Ndyuka
2483:Kwinti
2463:Guyana
2451:Ndyuka
2429:Raizal
2397:Brazil
2362:Yoruba
2347:Lumbee
2327:Fulani
2305:Gullah
2214:Mexico
2172:Canada
2147:Panama
2098:Belize
2007:Marron
1980:Cocolo
1819:Portal
1301:Durava
1291:Karava
1173:&
1031:Memons
946:Malays
933:Telugu
919:Chetty
725:
683:
655:
548:
538:
457:Cafres
218:Arabic
201:Kaffir
176:creole
172:Siddis
168:Kuwait
71:~1,000
63:
3098:Tikar
3093:Kongo
3045:Japan
2932:Tabom
2853:Japan
2822:Siddi
2797:China
2771:Yemen
2749:Syria
2682:Wales
2637:Spain
2602:Italy
2573:Paris
2446:Aluku
2419:Chile
2378:South
2337:Igbos
2163:North
2024:Igbos
1997:Haiti
1948:Arará
1918:Aruba
1175:Kotte
1144:Years
960:Moors
926:Tamil
875:Vedda
441:Siddi
416:Baila
405:Music
310:Bantu
298:Arabs
222:kafir
188:Baila
184:dance
152:Bantu
140:Tamil
90:Tamil
3088:Igbo
2957:Saro
2781:Asia
2734:Oman
2707:Iraq
2702:Iran
2473:Peru
1943:Cuba
1609:Flag
941:Jews
756:2021
723:ISBN
681:ISBN
653:ISBN
546:PMID
369:and
212:and
166:and
164:Iraq
160:Zanj
118:The
2783:and
628:doi
536:PMC
528:doi
389:to
345:).
138:in
130:in
3201::
1334:,
1169:,
624:58
622:.
569:.
558:^
544:.
534:.
524:89
522:.
518:.
502:^
479:.
431:.
393:.
365:,
341:,
337:,
190:.
109:,
88:,
84:,
2536:)
2532:(
2266:/
1888:/
1863:e
1856:t
1849:v
1592:)
1588:(
1572:)
1568:(
1083:→
1076:←
1065:e
1058:t
1051:v
828:e
821:t
814:v
758:.
731:.
689:.
661:.
634:.
630::
580:.
552:.
530::
483:.
333:(
283:)
277:(
272:)
268:(
264:.
254:.
20:)
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