897:
91:
883:
121:
74:
304:
312:
128:
98:
870:
The economies of the Great Lakes region states have different structures and are at various stages of development. The GDP real growth rate ranges from 1.8 percent in
Burundi to 4.4 in the DRC. GDP per capita fluctuates between $ 600 in DRC and Burundi and $ 800 in Uganda.
867:—provides the main livelihood for people in the region. With four Great Lakes on its borders, Uganda ranks as one of the world's largest producers of freshwater fish. The climate and rich volcanic soils in the highlands also sustain intensely cultivated croplands.
681:
The highlands are relatively cool, with average temperatures ranging between 17 °C (63 °F) and 19 °C (66 °F) and abundant rainfall. Major drainage basins include those of the Congo-Zaire, Nile, and
Zambezi rivers, which drain into the
697:
Forests are dominant in the lowlands of the Congo-Zaire Basin, while grasslands and savannas (dry grasslands) are most common in the southern and eastern highlands. Temperatures in the lowlands average about 35 °C (95 °F). Around
1082:
612:
is the most commonly spoken language in the
African Great Lakes region. It also serves as a national or official language of five nations in the region: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
448:. The exact number of lakes considered part of the African Great Lakes varies by list, and may include smaller lakes in the rift valleys, especially if they are part of the same drainage basin as the larger lakes, such as
389:. This total constitutes about 25% of the planet's unfrozen surface fresh water. The large rift lakes of Africa are the ancient home of great biodiversity, and 10% of the world's fish species live in this region.
616:
Because of its high population—estimated to be 107 million people—and the agricultural surplus in the region, the area became organized into a number of small states. The most powerful of these monarchies were
636:
and the watershed triple point between the rivers Nile, Congo and
Zambezi, the region had long been of interest to Europeans. The first Europeans to arrive in the region in any numbers were
381:, the world's largest permanent desert lake and the world's largest alkaline lake. Collectively, they contain 31,000 km (7,400 cu mi) of water, which is more than either
795:
Lake
Victoria is not actually within the Rift Valley. It occupies a depression between the Eastern and Western Rifts, formed by the uplift of the rifts to either of its sides.
643:
who had limited success in converting the locals, but did open the region to later colonization. Increased contact with the rest of the world led to a series of devastating
792:, began separating from the rest of Africa, moving to the northeast. The basins that resulted from the geological uplifts filled with water that now flowed north.
745:
wades in its shallows. The East
African rift system also serves as a flyway for migrating birds, bringing in hundreds more. The birds are essentially supported by
2011:
157:
666:
90:
1325:
718:
fish species live in the lakes, as well as other fish families. The lakes are also important habitats for a number of amphibian species.
2134:
752:
Vegetation ranges from rainforest to savanna grasses. In some lakes, rapidly growing invasive plants, like the surface-choking
120:
2056:
1019:
1565:
1108:
Turner; Seehausen; Knight; Allender; Robinson (2001). "How many species of cichlid fishes are there in
African lakes?".
803:
Around two to three million years ago, Lake
Turkana was larger and the area more fertile, making it a center for early
2144:
1294:
564:
401:
231:
702:, the climate is hot and very dry. A short rainy season in October is followed by a longer one from April to May.
1318:
910:
1891:
1585:
1906:
1403:
788:, or trough, in which lake water can collect. This rift began when East Africa, impelled by currents in the
2119:
2031:
1488:
605:("between lakes") can refer to the region, or more specifically, the nations or area bounded by the lakes.
650:
While seen as a region with great potential after independence, the Great Lakes region has suffered from
1083:"In Tanzania, UNHCR's Grandi urges more backing for solutions as the country continues to host refugees"
2124:
1866:
1311:
925:
768:
Until 12 million years ago, the bountiful waters of the equatorial plateau either flowed west into the
1153:
1801:
915:
1212:
2129:
1250:
1226:
1060:
2001:
1518:
1049:"the region of Africa that is bounded by Lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Albert, Edward, and Tanganyika"
847:
1009:
1943:
1901:
1896:
1811:
1674:
1493:
1413:
1408:
1199:
1038:
935:
727:
363:
209:
189:
16:"African Great Lakes Region" redirects here. Not to be confused with North American region,
2139:
1597:
920:
753:
475:
339:
60:
1418:
959:
601:
8:
2016:
1996:
1861:
1533:
2076:
1981:
1590:
1538:
1135:
1026:
the fertile corridor of the Great Lakes Region (also called the interlacustrine region)
17:
2006:
1986:
1938:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1726:
1471:
1466:
1456:
1451:
1290:
1127:
1123:
1110:
1015:
1005:
940:
687:
355:
351:
320:
316:
202:
1139:
845:
boy was discovered. In 1999, a 3,500,000-year-old skull was discovered there, named
741:
The Lake
Turkana area is home to hundreds of species of birds endemic to Kenya. The
710:
The
Western Rift Valley lakes are freshwater and home to an extraordinary number of
2098:
2086:
2071:
2051:
2036:
1911:
1575:
1553:
1181:
1119:
831:
789:
673:
for consistently welcoming and aiding refugees from other countries in the region.
609:
331:
45:
2093:
1886:
1821:
1806:
1771:
1741:
1637:
1354:
1043:
781:
757:
532:
495:
370:
1991:
444:
The following are included on most lists of the African Great Lakes, grouped by
2081:
1916:
1831:
1826:
1816:
1731:
1704:
1622:
1570:
1543:
1528:
1503:
1446:
1423:
1359:
1346:
808:
719:
683:
445:
221:
2113:
1881:
1647:
1642:
1632:
1604:
1508:
983:
930:
888:
464:
359:
172:
159:
1334:
2041:
1856:
1694:
1614:
1548:
1523:
1461:
1282:
1131:
902:
841:
825:
812:
773:
735:
699:
691:
640:
539:
378:
1178:"Figure 1 - Real GDP Growth and Per Capita GDP ($ PPP at current prices)"
1177:
760:, are problems. Water hyacinth have thus far affected only Lake Victoria.
2026:
1971:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1876:
1871:
1848:
1719:
1689:
1684:
1433:
1393:
1388:
1185:
836:
769:
524:
520:
488:
480:
386:
382:
374:
366:
1976:
1950:
1786:
1776:
1766:
1714:
1699:
1664:
1580:
1398:
1366:
1286:
984:"International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region"
864:
835:, named after the lake (previously known as Lake Rudolf). In 1984, the
820:
580:
544:
505:
469:
457:
449:
417:
247:
303:
210:
2046:
1966:
1836:
1513:
1498:
1476:
815:
excavations in the area, which yielded many important discoveries of
651:
637:
500:
311:
1303:
1791:
1781:
1652:
1376:
746:
742:
711:
670:
644:
588:
568:
429:
405:
259:
235:
373:, the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and depth;
78:
Satellite view of the African Great Lakes region and its coastline
73:
1669:
1627:
1558:
1371:
860:
816:
804:
731:
715:
626:
622:
618:
560:
513:
397:
227:
776:. This was changed by the formation of the Great Rift Valley. A
2061:
2021:
1796:
1679:
1381:
1338:
785:
723:
596:
592:
584:
576:
433:
425:
421:
413:
263:
255:
251:
243:
829:, but some anthropologists have assigned it to a new species,
780:
is a weak place in Earth's crust due to the separation of two
472:(part of the Great Lakes system but not itself a "great lake")
2066:
1709:
1107:
572:
409:
239:
37:
392:
Countries in the area which are bounded by the lakes of the
1659:
1481:
777:
633:
347:
377:, the world's eighth-largest freshwater lake by area; and
658:
in the four decades around the turn of the 21st century (
655:
1279:
The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History
486:
455:
2012:
List of countries where Arabic is an official language
878:
749:
masses in the lake, which also feed the fish there.
511:
823:was found in 1972. It was originally thought to be
559:Lakes region) consists of ten riparian countries:
1227:"GDP per capita (current US$ ) - Congo, Dem. Rep"
52:
2111:
150:
393:
277:31,000 cubic kilometres (7,400 cu mi)
1319:
667:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
550:
439:
1004:
978:
976:
530:
127:
97:
1326:
1312:
216:White Nile river, Congo river, Shire river
1101:
952:
851:, which means "flat-faced man of Kenya".
307:The African Great Lakes system, (in blue)
1276:
1251:"GDP per capita (current US$ ) - Uganda"
1061:"Great Lakes Region of Africa – Burundi"
973:
310:
302:
2112:
1154:"GDP growth (annual %) - Burundi"
2057:Portuguese-speaking African countries
1333:
1307:
647:affecting both humans and livestock.
1052:
632:Being the long-sought source of the
315:Map of larger region including the
297:17 to 19 °C (63 to 66 °F)
13:
839:, a nearly complete skeleton of a
819:remains. The two-million-year-old
705:
23:Series of lakes in the Rift Valley
14:
2156:
1058:
1124:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x
895:
881:
565:Democratic Republic of the Congo
555:The Great Lakes region (rarely:
402:Democratic Republic of the Congo
232:Democratic Republic of the Congo
126:
119:
96:
89:
72:
1243:
1219:
1011:Encyclopedia of African History
911:2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake
2135:Lakes of the Great Rift Valley
1892:Guinean Forests of West Africa
1277:Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2006).
1170:
1146:
1075:
1044:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1031:
998:
986:. Princeton University Library
798:
1:
1907:Guinean forest-savanna mosaic
1404:Cameroonian Highlands forests
1270:
659:
350:constituting the part of the
2032:Middle East and North Africa
1489:East African montane forests
7:
874:
369:lake in the world by area;
10:
2161:
1059:Shema, Rutagengwa Claude.
1014:. Routledge. p. 320.
926:Great Lakes refugee crisis
854:
763:
676:
551:African Great Lakes region
512:Lake that drains into the
487:Lakes that drain into the
456:Lakes that drain into the
387:North American Great Lakes
15:
1959:
1847:
1802:Indian Ocean coastal belt
1740:
1613:
1432:
1345:
916:2008 Lake Kivu earthquake
784:, often accompanied by a
714:species. More than 1,500
440:Lakes and drainage basins
319:and the entire so-called
293:
285:
281:
273:
269:
220:
208:
198:
188:
149:
110:Show map of Zambezi River
83:
71:
33:
28:
2145:Geography of East Africa
946:
2002:Guineo-Congolian region
962:. www.zambiatourism.com
629:, Rwanda, and Burundi.
289:35 °C (95 °F)
1207:Cite journal requires
848:Kenyanthropus platyops
772:system or east to the
358:. The series includes
343:
335:
323:
308:
53:
38:
1944:West Sudanian savanna
1902:Lower Guinean forests
1897:Upper Guinean forests
1812:Cape Floristic Region
1675:Cataracts of the Nile
1494:Eastern Arc Mountains
1414:Congolian rainforests
1409:East Sudanian savanna
936:List of lakes by area
859:Fishing—primarily of
314:
306:
1598:Zanzibar Archipelago
1566:Indian Ocean islands
1255:World Bank Open Data
1231:World Bank Open Data
1186:10.1787/266155225581
1158:World Bank Open Data
921:East African Plateau
863:species but also of
665:–2020). In 2022 the
173:8.00000°S 35.00000°E
2120:African Great Lakes
2017:Mediterranean Basin
1997:Greater Middle East
1534:Ethiopian Highlands
1442:African Great Lakes
756:and shore-clogging
328:African Great Lakes
169: /
134:African Great Lakes
104:African Great Lakes
29:African Great Lakes
2077:Sub-Saharan Africa
1982:Commonwealth realm
1591:Northern Highlands
1539:Dahlak Archipelago
1047:. Merriam-Webster.
1006:Shillington, Kevin
394:Great Lakes region
354:in and around the
346:) are a series of
324:
309:
178:-8.00000; 35.00000
140:Show map of Africa
18:Great Lakes region
2125:Regions of Africa
2107:
2106:
2007:Islands of Africa
1987:Equatorial Africa
1939:Inner Niger Delta
1727:Tibesti Mountains
1586:Central Highlands
1472:Virunga Mountains
1467:Rift Valley lakes
1457:Great Rift Valley
1452:East African Rift
1419:Ouaddaï highlands
1111:Molecular Ecology
1039:"interlacustrine"
1021:978-1-135-45669-6
941:Rift Valley lakes
688:Mediterranean Sea
356:East African Rift
352:Rift Valley lakes
321:Great Rift Valley
317:East African Rift
301:
300:
203:East African Rift
2152:
2099:Zambezian region
2087:Sudanian savanna
2072:Southeast Africa
2052:Northeast Africa
2037:Miombo woodlands
1912:Guinea Highlands
1576:Lamu Archipelago
1554:Gulf of Tadjoura
1328:
1321:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1281:. Translated by
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
991:
980:
971:
970:
968:
967:
956:
905:
900:
899:
898:
891:
886:
885:
884:
832:Homo rudolfensis
694:, respectively.
664:
661:
610:Swahili language
599:. The adjective
294:Min. temperature
286:Max. temperature
212:
211:Primary outflows
194:Freshwater lakes
184:
183:
181:
180:
179:
174:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
152:
141:
130:
129:
123:
111:
100:
99:
93:
76:
64:
56:
49:
41:
26:
25:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2130:Lakes of Africa
2110:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2094:Tropical Africa
1955:
1843:
1822:Kalahari Desert
1807:Albany thickets
1772:Succulent Karoo
1736:
1638:Atlas Mountains
1609:
1428:
1341:
1332:
1297:
1273:
1268:
1259:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1003:
999:
989:
987:
982:
981:
974:
965:
963:
958:
957:
953:
949:
901:
896:
894:
887:
882:
880:
877:
857:
813:anthropological
801:
782:tectonic plates
766:
720:Nile crocodiles
708:
706:Flora and fauna
679:
662:
602:interlacustrine
553:
536:
517:
496:Lake Tanganyika
492:
461:
442:
371:Lake Tanganyika
224: countries
177:
175:
171:
168:
163:
160:
158:
156:
155:
145:
144:
143:
142:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
131:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
107:
106:
105:
101:
79:
67:
58:
43:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2158:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2082:Sudan (region)
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1917:Gulf of Guinea
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1832:Cape Peninsula
1829:
1827:Okavango Delta
1824:
1819:
1817:Skeleton Coast
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1732:Western Sahara
1729:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:Nuba Mountains
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1623:Eastern Desert
1619:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1578:
1573:
1571:Comoro Islands
1563:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1544:Hanish Islands
1541:
1536:
1531:
1529:Danakil Desert
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1504:Horn of Africa
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:Albertine Rift
1438:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1424:Ennedi Plateau
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1360:Gulf of Guinea
1351:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1242:
1218:
1209:|journal=
1169:
1145:
1118:(3): 793–806.
1100:
1074:
1051:
1030:
1020:
997:
972:
950:
948:
945:
944:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
907:
906:
892:
876:
873:
856:
853:
809:Richard Leakey
800:
797:
765:
762:
754:water hyacinth
722:are numerous.
707:
704:
684:Atlantic Ocean
678:
675:
552:
549:
548:
547:
542:
535:
529:
528:
527:
516:
510:
509:
508:
503:
498:
491:
485:
484:
483:
478:
473:
467:
460:
454:
446:drainage basin
441:
438:
364:second-largest
344:Ibiyaga bigari
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
267:
266:
225:
218:
217:
214:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
192:
186:
185:
153:
147:
146:
133:
132:
125:
124:
118:
117:
116:
115:
103:
102:
95:
94:
88:
87:
86:
85:
84:
81:
80:
77:
69:
68:
66:
65:
54:Ibiyaga bigari
50:
34:
31:
30:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2157:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:Macro-regions
1958:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
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2042:Mittelafrika
1992:Françafrique
1857:Pepper Coast
1695:Middle Egypt
1549:Gulf of Aden
1524:Danakil Alps
1462:Gregory Rift
1441:
1285:. New York:
1278:
1258:. Retrieved
1254:
1245:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:
1200:cite journal
1189:. Retrieved
1172:
1161:. Retrieved
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964:. Retrieved
954:
903:Lakes portal
869:
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842:Homo erectus
840:
830:
826:Homo habilis
824:
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774:Indian Ocean
767:
751:
740:
736:hippopotamus
709:
700:Lake Turkana
696:
692:Indian Ocean
680:
649:
641:missionaries
631:
615:
607:
600:
556:
554:
540:Lake Turkana
443:
391:
379:Lake Turkana
336:Maziwa Makuu
327:
325:
274:Water volume
199:Part of
39:Maziwa Makuu
2140:Lake groups
2027:Middle East
1972:Afromontane
1934:Niger Delta
1929:Niger Basin
1922:Dahomey Gap
1877:Cape Palmas
1872:Ivory Coast
1867:Slave Coast
1720:Upper Egypt
1690:Lower Nubia
1685:Lower Egypt
1660:Nile Valley
1394:Congo Basin
1389:Pool Malebo
1067:22 November
1063:. Author-me
990:22 November
837:Turkana Boy
799:Archaeology
770:Congo River
663: 1980
531:Lakes with
525:Shire River
521:Lake Malawi
489:Congo River
481:Lake Edward
476:Lake Albert
383:Lake Baikal
375:Lake Malawi
340:Kinyarwanda
176: /
151:Coordinates
61:Kinyarwanda
2114:Categories
1977:Arab world
1951:Yorubaland
1862:Gold Coast
1787:Maputaland
1777:Nama Karoo
1767:Thembuland
1715:The Sudans
1700:Nile Delta
1665:Nile Delta
1581:Madagascar
1399:Chad Basin
1367:Cape Lopez
1287:Zone Books
1271:References
1260:2021-10-23
1236:2021-10-23
1191:2021-10-23
1163:2021-10-23
966:2008-03-14
960:"~ZAMBIA~"
865:Nile perch
821:Skull 1470
669:commended
581:Mozambique
545:Lake Rukwa
523:, via the
506:Lake Mweru
470:Lake Kyoga
458:White Nile
450:Lake Kyoga
418:Mozambique
367:freshwater
248:Mozambique
164:35°00′00″E
2047:Negroland
1967:Aethiopia
1837:False Bay
1514:Al-Habash
1499:Serengeti
1477:Kavirondo
728:elephants
652:civil war
645:epidemics
638:Christian
501:Lake Kivu
161:8°00′00″S
1792:Highveld
1782:Bushveld
1750:Rhodesia
1653:Ifriqiya
1519:Barbaria
1377:Igboland
1140:12925712
1132:11298988
1087:UNHCR US
1008:(2013).
875:See also
805:hominids
747:plankton
743:flamingo
732:gorillas
726:include
671:Tanzania
656:conflict
589:Tanzania
569:Ethiopia
430:Tanzania
406:Ethiopia
396:include
260:Tanzania
236:Ethiopia
1670:Bashmur
1628:Maghreb
1559:Red Sea
1372:Mayombe
1347:Central
1335:Regions
861:tilapia
855:Economy
817:hominin
764:Geology
758:papyrus
724:Mammals
716:cichlid
712:endemic
677:Climate
627:Karagwe
623:Bunyoro
619:Buganda
561:Burundi
557:Greater
514:Zambezi
398:Burundi
385:or the
332:Swahili
228:Burundi
46:Swahili
2062:Sahara
2022:MENASA
1797:Fynbos
1680:Darfur
1382:Mbaise
1339:Africa
1293:
1138:
1130:
1093:23 Nov
1018:
790:mantle
786:graben
690:, and
597:Zambia
595:, and
593:Uganda
585:Rwanda
577:Malawi
563:, the
434:Uganda
432:, and
426:Zambia
422:Rwanda
414:Malawi
400:, the
362:, the
264:Uganda
262:, and
256:Zambia
252:Rwanda
244:Malawi
230:, the
57:
42:
2067:Sahel
1760:South
1755:North
1742:South
1710:Nubia
1615:North
1136:S2CID
947:Notes
573:Kenya
410:Kenya
348:lakes
240:Kenya
222:Basin
1849:West
1482:Zanj
1434:East
1291:ISBN
1213:help
1128:PMID
1095:2022
1069:2013
1016:ISBN
992:2013
778:rift
734:and
654:and
634:Nile
608:The
326:The
190:Type
1337:of
1182:doi
1120:doi
2116::
1289:.
1253:.
1229:.
1204::
1202:}}
1198:{{
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1134:.
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1184::
1166:.
1142:.
1122::
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994:.
969:.
330:(
63:)
59:(
48:)
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20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
