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49:
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is a form of dance music popular in Sri Lanka, originating centuries ago among the
Kaffirs or Afro-Sri Lankan communities (mixed communities consisting of Portuguese, Bantu, and native Sri Lankan people). It has its origins in African folk music of the east coast of Africa was later amalgamated with
309:
The
Portuguese, Dutch, and the British used the Kaffirs as a part of their naval forces and for domestic labor. When Dutch colonialists arrived around 1600, the Kaffirs worked on cinnamon plantations along the southern coast and some had settled in the
305:
Historical records indicate that
Portuguese traders brought Siddis to the Indian subcontinent between 300 and 500 years ago. The Kaffirs were brought to Sri Lanka as a source of labour between the ninth and nineteenth centuries by Arab merchants.
301:
slaves to the Indian subcontinent. However fragmented official documentation may be, the recent public promotion of their music and dance forms allows the broader Sri Lankan society to acknowledge and better understand Kaffir history.
1336:
1487:
2879:
1472:
588:
de Silva
Jayasuriya, S. (1999). Portuguese in Sri Lanka: influence of substratum languages. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 9(2): 251-270.
342:
The descendants of the freed Kaffir slaves are still a distinctive community are mainly found in the former occupied territories of the
Portuguese colonists, mainly near
1477:
1742:
1367:
597:
de Silva
Jayasuriya, S. (2006). Trading on a thalassic network: African migrations across the Indian Ocean. International Social Science Journal 58 (188), 215-225.
1200:
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They spoke a distinctive creole based on
Portuguese. The extinct language was known as 'Sri Lankan Kaffir language'. It differs from
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2355:
1045:
808:
3193:
3118:
3076:
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Sri Lanka Kaffir culture is a direct link back to their distant past in the
African Great Lakes, which is rapidly disappearing.
3208:
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773:
715:
673:
645:
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European instruments and eastern and western rhythms, especially rhythms found in Spain and northern
European folk music.
3026:
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2068:
1038:
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732:
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de Silva
Jayasuriya, Shihan (June 2006). "Trading on a thalassic network: African migrations across the Indian Ocean".
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Sri Lanka Kaffirs originally adhered to traditional faiths. However, they now practice religions from
3162:
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2012:
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de Silva Jayasuriya, S. (2008). African identity in Asia: Cultural Effects of Forced Migration
314:
kingdom. Some research suggests that Kaffir slaves were employed as soldiers to fight against
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1941:
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705:
663:
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189:
171:, and the "Sri Lankan Kaffir language" (now extinct). Their cultural heritage includes the
555:
8:
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1990:
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331:
290:
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198:
168:
112:
1973:
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1210:
466:"WWW Virtual Library Sri Lanka: Kaffirs in Sri Lanka - Descendants of enslaved Africans"
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slaves who were brought by them to work as labourers and soldiers to fight against the
120:
1953:
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3001:
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2017:
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74:
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2785:
2717:
2640:
2522:
2498:
2466:
2461:
2412:
2385:
2375:
2281:
2160:
1980:
1963:
1926:
1916:
1574:
1320:
1312:
1253:
1030:
900:
206:
202:
164:
3128:
3113:
2625:
2615:
2573:
2541:
2536:
2476:
2380:
2325:
2315:
2276:
2118:
2113:
2002:
1911:
1509:
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1440:
1331:
1151:
1094:
976:
971:
633:
520:
363:
311:
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128:
95:
78:
761:
465:
3187:
2829:
2754:
2690:
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2481:
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2451:
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2407:
2202:
2123:
2056:
1985:
1946:
1775:
1765:
1462:
404:
298:
210:
205:
coasts. In South Africa, it became a slur. "Kaffir" derives in turn from the
176:
140:
91:
3086:
3081:
2920:
2578:
2568:
2300:
1906:
1627:
1554:
1269:
1102:
863:
538:
152:
366:, communities of partly European ancestry on the East coast of Sri Lanka.
3103:
2945:
2769:
2732:
2722:
2695:
2310:
2222:
1931:
1760:
1558:
1357:
1352:
963:
399:
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maintained by families that are descended from slaves from Africa. While
3071:
2742:
2682:
2400:
2007:
1995:
1637:
1602:
1374:
355:
2340:
826:
156:
132:
54:
2491:
2444:
2390:
2207:
2091:
2061:
2044:
1828:
1401:
1362:
1284:
379:
343:
136:
99:
1936:
175:
styles Kaffringna and Manja and their popular form of dance music
3133:
3123:
1379:
359:
2417:
2335:
2293:
1968:
1289:
1279:
556:"Sunday Observer Magazine | Sundayobserver.lk - Sri Lanka"
445:
160:
2810:
2434:
429:
286:
172:
778:
484:
Persaudaraan (Brotherhood). Malay Life in Sri Lanka (2nd ed)
148:
634:
de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan; Angenot, Jean-Pierre (2008).
505:"Indian Siddis: African Descendants with Indian Admixture"
789:
The Kaffirs of Sri Lanka – An African Connection part 2
784:
The Kaffirs of Sri Lanka – An African Connection part 1
762:
Kaffirs in Sri Lanka – Descendants of enslaved Africans
159:, and are known in Pakistan as Sheedis and in India as
693:. Ministry of National Co-existence. 2017. p. 13.
779:'Kaffir culture', video portrait by Kannan Arunasalam
691:
People of Sri Lanka, Dialogue and Official Languages
627:
432:– Communities of Bantu descent in Pakistan and India
362:. There was some contact between the Kaffir and the
1665:
606:
550:
548:
1060:
703:
3185:
545:
16:Sri Lankan ethnic group of African Bantu descent
1436:
135:who are partially descended from 16th-century
1844:
1046:
809:
661:
197:term once used to designate natives from the
707:The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective
503:Shah, Anish M.; et al. (15 July 2011).
249:. There might be a discussion about this on
665:The Encyclopedia of the Sri Lankan Diaspora
45:
1851:
1837:
1053:
1039:
816:
802:
774:The Beginnings of the European Slave Trade
655:
637:Uncovering the History of Africans in Asia
697:
528:
486:. Colombo: S Godage & Brothers. Print
269:Learn how and when to remove this message
297:, Portuguese colonialists later brought
600:
350:of Sri Lanka but also in areas such as
289:were the original slave traders in the
3186:
498:
496:
494:
492:
1832:
1664:
1435:
1150:
1034:
797:
668:. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet.
3168:
1858:
609:International Social Science Journal
502:
221:
40:Regions with significant populations
1813:
733:"Have you heard about the Kaffirs?"
489:
13:
770:at Sri Lanka virtual library site.
764:at Sri Lanka virtual library site.
509:American Journal of Human Genetics
163:. The Kaffirs spoke a distinctive
14:
3225:
755:
441:Portuguese-based creole languages
3167:
3158:
3157:
2040:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1812:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1417:Sri Subodharama Raja Maha Vihara
825:
621:10.1111/j.1468-2451.2006.00613.x
482:Careem, Tuan M. Zameer .(2017).
226:
47:
1690:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
1500:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
1206:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
725:
683:
562:from the original on 2015-02-18
147:. They are very similar to the
3194:European diaspora in Sri Lanka
591:
582:
573:
476:
458:
1:
3209:African diaspora in Sri Lanka
1473:Jaffna under Tambralinga rule
451:
337:
1505:Jaffna under Portuguese rule
1186:Malay invasions of Sri Lanka
768:Sri Lanka Portuguese Creoles
710:. New York: Berghahn Books.
418:Sri Lankan Portuguese creole
182:
71:Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole
7:
3204:Multiracial affairs in Asia
423:
411:
369:
10:
3230:
3052:African diaspora religions
2176:Indigenous Black Canadians
1771:Delgamuwa Raja Maha Vihara
704:Knorr, Jacqueline (2016).
521:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030
397:
385:
217:
151:-descended populations in
3199:People of African descent
3153:
3042:
3027:African Hebrew Israelites
3012:
2966:
2903:
2892:
2872:
2803:Afro-Asians in South Asia
2768:
2681:
2516:
2366:
2151:
2077:
1887:
1873:
1866:
1788:
1753:
1710:
1682:
1660:
1618:
1590:
1537:
1453:
1431:
1407:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
1345:
1305:
1262:
1226:
1176:
1146:
1113:
1081:
997:
962:
872:
856:
843:Demographics of Sri Lanka
838:
640:. Leiden; Boston: BRILL.
131:) are an ethnic group in
89:
84:
69:
64:
44:
39:
32:
27:
3214:Indian Ocean slave trade
2069:Turks and Caicos Islands
1702:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
1495:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
1191:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
393:
320:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
295:Indian Ocean slave trade
1478:Jaffna under Kotte rule
3057:Anti-African sentiment
1728:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1570:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1565:Aryacakravarti dynasty
1412:Kotte Raja Maha Vihara
1368:Yapahuwa rock fortress
1244:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1156:Kingdom of Dambadeniya
662:Reeves, Peter (2014).
348:North Western Province
3109:Civil rights movement
2997:Afro-Caribbean people
2306:Chestnut Ridge people
2228:African-American Jews
2030:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1643:Kotagama inscriptions
1609:Yalpana Vaipava Malai
1218:Convention of Malvana
318:, most likely in the
3067:Atlantic slave trade
2755:United Arab Emirates
1648:Madawala inscription
1468:Pandyan Principality
1201:Kandyan independence
470:www.lankalibrary.com
436:Kaffir (racial term)
293:slave trade via the
239:confusing or unclear
2956:Sierra Leone Creole
2807:India and Pakistan
2052:Trinidad and Tobago
1902:Antigua and Barbuda
1670:Kingdom of Sitawaka
1515:Portuguese conquest
1385:Gadaladeniya Vihara
1068:Transitional period
982:Portuguese Burghers
848:Sri Lankan diaspora
291:African Great Lakes
247:clarify the section
199:African Great Lakes
33:Few thousand (2005)
24:
3099:Black Lives Matter
2706:Ethiopian Israelis
2356:African immigrants
2331:Louisiana Redbones
2267:Chickasaw freedmen
2196:African immigrants
1964:Dominican Republic
1390:Lankatilaka Vihara
1297:Irrigation network
1138:Polonnaruwa period
1087:Dambadeniya period
328:Randeniwela (1630)
324:Mulleriyawa (1562)
109:Sri Lankan Kaffirs
22:
3181:
3180:
3149:
3148:
3062:Anti-Black racism
3002:British Jamaicans
2992:African Americans
2977:African Americans
2931:Americo-Liberians
2916:African Americans
2888:
2887:
2711:Sudanese refugees
2512:
2511:
2282:Seminole freedmen
2262:Cherokee freedmen
2243:Black Southerners
2218:African Americans
2166:African Americans
1826:
1825:
1784:
1783:
1674:
1656:
1655:
1579:Portuguese puppet
1488:Liberation battle
1445:
1427:
1426:
1168:
1028:
1027:
943:
924:
917:
910:
903:
885:Sri Lankan Tamils
717:978-1-78533-069-8
675:978-981-4260-83-1
647:978-90-04-16291-4
279:
278:
271:
105:
104:
23:Sri Lanka Kaffirs
3221:
3171:
3170:
3161:
3160:
2901:
2900:
2289:Creoles of color
2272:Choctaw freedmen
2238:Black Mennonites
2171:Black Mennonites
2018:Jamaican Maroons
1974:Samaná Americans
1885:
1884:
1871:
1870:
1860:African diaspora
1853:
1846:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1816:
1815:
1806:
1796:
1795:
1695:Vijayabā Kollaya
1672:
1662:
1661:
1633:Cankilian Thoppu
1483:Kotte's campaign
1443:
1433:
1432:
1395:Embekka Devalaya
1211:Vijayabā Kollaya
1166:
1148:
1147:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1032:
1031:
939:
920:
913:
906:
899:
830:
829:
818:
811:
804:
795:
794:
749:
748:
746:
744:
735:. Archived from
729:
723:
721:
701:
695:
694:
687:
681:
679:
659:
653:
651:
631:
625:
624:
615:(188): 215–225.
604:
598:
595:
589:
586:
580:
577:
571:
570:
568:
567:
552:
543:
542:
532:
500:
487:
480:
474:
473:
462:
332:Gannoruwa (1638)
316:Sri Lankan kings
281:Kaffirs have an
274:
267:
263:
260:
254:
230:
229:
222:
214:, "unbeliever".
57:
53:
51:
50:
28:Total population
25:
21:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3145:
3119:Genetic history
3044:
3038:
3014:
3008:
2988:United Kingdom
2962:
2941:Afro-Brazilians
2896:
2894:
2884:
2868:
2773:
2764:
2677:
2520:
2508:
2368:
2362:
2233:Alabama Creoles
2153:
2147:
2079:
2073:
1878:
1862:
1857:
1827:
1822:
1780:
1749:
1706:
1678:
1677:
1652:
1614:
1586:
1575:Don Constantine
1550:Kalinga dynasty
1533:
1449:
1448:
1423:
1341:
1337:Popular culture
1313:Guththila Kawya
1301:
1258:
1222:
1172:
1171:
1142:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1059:
1029:
1024:
993:
958:
868:
852:
834:
824:
822:
758:
753:
752:
742:
740:
731:
730:
726:
718:
702:
698:
689:
688:
684:
676:
660:
656:
648:
632:
628:
605:
601:
596:
592:
587:
583:
578:
574:
565:
563:
554:
553:
546:
501:
490:
481:
477:
464:
463:
459:
454:
426:
414:
402:
396:
388:
372:
340:
275:
264:
258:
255:
244:
231:
227:
220:
203:Southern Africa
193:is an obsolete
185:
123:, and காப்பிலி
94:
48:
46:
34:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3227:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3131:
3129:Pan-Africanism
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:Creole peoples
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2909:
2907:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2830:Black Dutchmen
2822:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2646:United Kingdom
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2277:Creek freedmen
2274:
2269:
2264:
2250:
2248:Black Hispanic
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2214:United States
2212:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2119:Miskito people
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
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739:on 2021-03-16
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259:November 2013
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235:This section
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145:Sinhala kings
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35:~1,000 (2009)
31:
26:
2880:Saint Helena
2861:
2816:in Karnataka
2733:Saudi Arabia
2301:Brass Ankles
1942:Cape Verdean
1628:Mantri Manai
1607:
1555:Chandrabhanu
1325:in Sinhalese
1275:Caste system
1270:Alagakkonara
1249:Capital city
1123:Bibliography
1103:Kotte period
988:
741:. Retrieved
737:the original
727:
706:
699:
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664:
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629:
612:
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564:. Retrieved
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469:
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403:
389:
373:
341:
308:
304:
283:oral history
280:
265:
256:
245:Please help
236:
209:
188:
186:
139:traders and
124:
116:
108:
106:
19:Ethnic group
3139:Reparations
3104:Black power
2852:New Zealand
2683:Middle East
2636:Switzerland
2596:Netherlands
2311:Dominickers
2186:Nova Scotia
2104:El Salvador
2035:Saint Lucia
2025:Puerto Rico
1818:WikiProject
1761:Avissawella
1738:Rajasinha I
1673:(1521–1594)
1559:Tambralinga
1444:(1232–1620)
1358:Dambadeniya
1353:Polonnaruwa
1317:Literature
1167:(1232–1597)
1089:1232 – 1341
964:Multiracial
873:Traditional
832:Sri Lankans
400:Baila music
376:Catholicism
352:Trincomalee
90:Originally
3188:Categories
3072:Coromantee
2487:Paramaccan
2401:Quilombola
2341:Melungeons
2099:Costa Rica
2008:Coromantee
1743:Rajasuriya
1711:Government
1638:Yamuna Eri
1603:Setu coins
1538:Government
1375:Kurunegala
1254:Rājākariya
1227:Government
1105:1412– 1592
1097:1341– 1412
1015:Maldivians
998:Immigrants
857:Indigenous
743:16 January
566:2015-02-18
452:References
356:Batticaloa
338:Demography
241:to readers
169:Portuguese
137:Portuguese
113:Portuguese
2893:Secondary
2857:Sri Lanka
2835:Mardijker
2825:Indonesia
2796:Hong Kong
2791:Guangzhou
2781:Australia
2728:Palestine
2656:Liverpool
2651:Cambridge
2504:Venezuela
2376:Argentina
2131:Nicaragua
2109:Guatemala
1889:Caribbean
1867:Geography
1754:Landmarks
1733:Mayadunne
1620:Landmarks
1346:Landmarks
880:Sinhalese
652:page 164.
346:, in the
187:The word
183:Etymology
167:based on
133:Sri Lanka
115:, කාපිරි
65:Languages
55:Sri Lanka
3163:Category
3013:Asia and
2982:Haitians
2937:Nigeria
2927:Liberia
2897:diaspora
2873:Atlantic
2847:Malaysia
2748:Africans
2666:Scotland
2611:Portugal
2532:Abkhazia
2492:Saramaka
2467:Suriname
2457:Paraguay
2445:Saramaka
2413:Colombia
2391:Kalungas
2321:Garifuna
2257:Freedmen
2208:Mascogos
2141:Cimarrón
2114:Honduras
2092:Garifuna
2062:Merikins
2045:Garifuna
1959:Dominica
1917:Barbados
1897:Anguilla
1875:Americas
1798:Category
1723:Monarchs
1718:Monarchy
1545:Monarchs
1402:Kelaniya
1363:Yapahuwa
1285:Salagama
1239:Monarchs
1234:Monarchy
1128:Timeline
1005:Japanese
941:Javanese
901:Bharatha
722:page 52.
680:page 31.
560:Archived
539:21741027
424:See also
412:Language
380:Buddhism
370:Religion
364:Burghers
344:Puttalam
117:kāpiriyō
100:Buddhism
85:Religion
3173:Commons
3134:Slavery
3124:Maroons
3043:Related
3015:Oceania
2973:France
2862:Kaffirs
2774:Oceania
2641:Ukraine
2616:Romania
2586:Ireland
2569:Germany
2552:Finland
2547:Denmark
2542:Belgium
2537:Austria
2499:Uruguay
2477:Matawai
2425:Ecuador
2396:Macombo
2381:Bolivia
2369:America
2191:Ontario
2154:America
2080:America
2078:Central
2003:Jamaica
1991:Marabou
1981:Grenada
1954:Curaçao
1922:Bermuda
1912:Bahamas
1683:History
1591:Culture
1455:History
1380:Gampola
1321:in Pali
1306:Culture
1263:Society
1178:History
1160:Gampola
1118:Outline
1070:topics
1010:Koreans
989:Kaffirs
954:Pathans
895:Indians
890:Chinese
530:3135801
386:Culture
360:Negombo
312:Kandyan
237:may be
218:History
195:English
125:kāppili
121:Sinhala
75:Sinhala
3092:Yoruba
3045:topics
3022:Israel
2967:Europe
2912:Ghana
2905:Africa
2743:Turkey
2718:Jordan
2701:Israel
2661:London
2631:Sweden
2621:Russia
2606:Poland
2601:Norway
2579:Blacks
2574:Greece
2557:France
2523:Blacks
2518:Europe
2482:Ndyuka
2472:Kwinti
2452:Guyana
2440:Ndyuka
2418:Raizal
2386:Brazil
2351:Yoruba
2336:Lumbee
2316:Fulani
2294:Gullah
2203:Mexico
2161:Canada
2136:Panama
2087:Belize
1996:Marron
1969:Cocolo
1808:Portal
1290:Durava
1280:Karava
1162:&
1020:Memons
935:Malays
922:Telugu
908:Chetty
714:
672:
644:
537:
527:
446:Cafres
207:Arabic
190:Kaffir
165:creole
161:Siddis
157:Kuwait
60:~1,000
52:
3087:Tikar
3082:Kongo
3034:Japan
2921:Tabom
2842:Japan
2811:Siddi
2786:China
2760:Yemen
2738:Syria
2671:Wales
2626:Spain
2591:Italy
2562:Paris
2435:Aluku
2408:Chile
2367:South
2326:Igbos
2152:North
2013:Igbos
1986:Haiti
1937:Arará
1907:Aruba
1164:Kotte
1133:Years
949:Moors
915:Tamil
864:Vedda
430:Siddi
405:Baila
394:Music
299:Bantu
287:Arabs
211:kafir
177:Baila
173:dance
141:Bantu
129:Tamil
79:Tamil
3077:Igbo
2946:Saro
2770:Asia
2723:Oman
2696:Iraq
2691:Iran
2462:Peru
1932:Cuba
1598:Flag
930:Jews
745:2021
712:ISBN
670:ISBN
642:ISBN
535:PMID
358:and
201:and
155:and
153:Iraq
149:Zanj
107:The
2772:and
617:doi
525:PMC
517:doi
378:to
334:).
127:in
119:in
3190::
1323:,
1158:,
613:58
611:.
558:.
547:^
533:.
523:.
513:89
511:.
507:.
491:^
468:.
420:.
382:.
354:,
330:,
326:,
179:.
98:,
77:,
73:,
2525:)
2521:(
2255:/
1877:/
1852:e
1845:t
1838:v
1581:)
1577:(
1561:)
1557:(
1072:→
1065:←
1054:e
1047:t
1040:v
817:e
810:t
803:v
747:.
720:.
678:.
650:.
623:.
619::
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519::
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