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continued to be president in South Peru and Santa Cruz continued to be the
Supreme Protector, by September, they were two of other seven parallel presidents at one time: Gamara claimed to be the restorationist president, with his troops heading north; Orbegoso claimed the leadership of the
493:
through which the state would operate, and also included the design of the
Confederation's flag. Reactions to the pact were mixed event among its signatories, and disagreements led to the establishment of one constituent congress per member state. The act was later promulgated in 1837.
502:
The
Confederation generated resistance among several groups in both countries, which resented the dilution of national identities, and also among neighbouring countries. An important number of Peruvian politicians who opposed the Confederation, such as
1182:
476:
Provided, then, with all the legal elements granted by the assemblies of the three states, Santa Cruz decreed the establishment of the Peru-Bolivian
Confederation, by decree given in Lima on October 28, 1836. A congress known today as the
424:
to send his troops through the
Peruvian border. After the latter's triumph in 1836, assemblies were soon established to make way for the creation of the Confederation, an idea that had been floating around since the
1189:
644:
Golden coins of 8 escudos of the
Republic of South Peru. The left is the reverse side with the coat of arms of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation and the right is the head side, with the image of
1410:
620:
on
January 20, 1839, and thus, the Confederation was dissolved, with Gamarra announcing its dissolution on August 25. The Confederate defeat led to the exile of Santa Cruz, first to
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approved the declaration of war on
December 26, 1836, claiming that Santa Cruz's rule over Peru was illegitimate, and that his influence threatened the integrity of other
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On its foundation it consisted of four departments with their capitals in the cities of the same name. A fifth, Litoral, was added in 1837 with its capital at
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South Peru was divided into five departments which in turn were divided into provinces, and these into districts.
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on August 24. The assembly also created the country's flag and currency. Fines were put in place to prevent the
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declared the
Confederation dissolved; as a result, South Peru and North Peru reverted to being a
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was established on March 16, 1836, and closed on March 22. It featured representatives from
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on the
Confederation on May 19, 1837, after the escalation of a territorial conflict in
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Santa Cruz headed for Lima, arriving on November 10, but left for the north, where the
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from the Confederation on July 30, but was nevertheless attacked and defeated by the
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The Confederation came to an end three years later after continuous border wars with
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as an independent state through a decree, and a Supreme Court was installed in
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nations, as seen by Orbegoso's support for an attempted invasion of Chile by
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358:. The states were founded in 1836 to be constituent Republics of the planned
121:
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was organized, which left for Peru on July 19, 1838. Around the same time,
490:
470:
656:
and a Congress, both with limited powers and under the control of Marshal
648:, the symbol of 8E (8 Escudos) and the state motto: "Firme por la UniĂłn".
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462:
343:
1089:(in Spanish). Vol. 9: ConfederaciĂłn PerĂş-Boliviana (1835-1839).
640:
632:
621:
624:, in Ecuador, then to Chile, and finally to Europe, where he died.
117:
27:
Constituent republic of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
1162:
Mitchell's geographical reader : a system of modern geography
489:
was signed without debate during the congress. It established the
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During this time, the Confederation's stability collapsed. While
408:
After political instability in Peru and a coup d'Ă©tat in 1835, a
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335:) was one of the three constituent Republics of the short-lived
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482:
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374:
311:
104:
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511:, fled to Chile where they received support, leading to the
782:"Ley Fundamental de la ConfederaciĂłn PerĂş-Boliviana (1837)"
530:, specifically pointing out that it targeted then minister
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30:"South Peru" redirects here. For the town in Indiana, see
872:
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from October to November under the nominal leadership of
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Autonomous republics of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
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to establish the foundations of the confederation. The
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was appointed by Santa Cruz as Orbegoso's successor;
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597:secessionist North Peruvian state, now defeated;
342:South Peru was one of two states—the other being
1372:
951:"La anexiĂłn e incorporaciĂłn de Tarija a Bolivia"
412:broke out between newly self-declared president
1204:Subdivisions of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
696:Subdivisions of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
890:
497:
128:
1406:States and territories disestablished in 1839
1183:
1083:Ortiz de Zevallos Paz-Soldán, Carlos (1972).
44:
1091:Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del PerĂş
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689:
1401:States and territories established in 1836
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89:
893:Enciclopedia ilustrada del PerĂş: CAN-CHO
675:(September 17, 1837 – October 12, 1838.)
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1391:1839 disestablishments in South America
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685:(October 12, 1838 – February 23, 1839.)
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949:Avila EchazĂş, Edgar (April 14, 2011).
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616:were located. He was defeated in the
346:—that arose from the division of the
1386:1836 establishments in South America
1139:Nuevo Compendio de Historia del PerĂş
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652:From 1837 to its dissolution were a
437:A constituent assembly known as the
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461:. On April 10, Orbegoso recognized
95:South Peru within the Confederation
24:
1113:Historia de la RepĂşblica del PerĂş
605:claimed control in the north; and
25:
1422:
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897:Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A.
420:, who allowed Bolivian president
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891:Tauro del Pino, Alberto (2001).
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942:
563:Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente
13:
1:
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683:Juan PĂo de Tristán y Moscoso
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416:and constitutional president
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609:claimed control in Huaylas.
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7:
1381:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
1086:Archivo diplomático peruano
756:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
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337:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
10:
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587:Battle of Portada de GuĂas
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29:
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636:Departments of South Peru
471:(now North) Peruvian flag
414:Felipe Santiago Salaverry
350:due to the civil wars of
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690:Administrative divisions
513:War of the Confederation
404:Salaverry-Santa Cruz War
387:unified Republic of Peru
379:War of the Confederation
1109:Basadre Grohmann, Jorge
607:Juan Francisco de Vidal
518:After a trade war, the
481:was ordered to meet in
673:RamĂłn Herrera y Rodado
649:
637:
599:José de la Riva Agüero
332:
325:Republic of South Peru
45:
41:Republic of South Peru
660:, who was styled the
654:Provisional President
643:
635:
567:Supreme Chief of Peru
418:Luis José de Orbegoso
333:RepĂşblica Sud-Peruana
216:October–November 1837
46:RepĂşblica Sur-Peruana
1135:Tamayo Herrera, José
895:(in Spanish). Lima:
658:Andrés de Santa Cruz
540:Juan Manuel de Rosas
538:followed suit after
422:Andrés de Santa Cruz
1153:History of the Flag
957:(1). Archived from
725:Ayacucho Department
720:Arequipa Department
427:era of independence
32:South Peru, Indiana
1141:. Editorial Lumen.
899:pp. 544–545.
881:, p. 124–125.
735:Litoral Department
650:
638:
579:North Peru seceded
473:from being flown.
1366:
1365:
1126:978-612-306-353-5
961:on June 16, 2020.
806:, p. 93–115.
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662:Supreme Protector
583:second expedition
520:Congress of Chile
479:Congress of Tacna
348:Peruvian Republic
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155:• 1838–1839
143:• 1837–1838
16:(Redirected from
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793:. May 1, 1837.
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1102:Bibliography
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1071:Basadre 2014
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1059:Basadre 2014
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1032:Basadre 2014
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1020:Basadre 2014
1015:
1008:Basadre 2014
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959:the original
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528:RamĂłn Freire
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362:, alongside
356:1835 to 1836
341:
339:of 1836–39.
324:
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248:Succeeded by
247:
242:
115:Presidential
81:Coat of arms
1358:Carhuaucran
1290:La Libertad
1117:El Comercio
1047:Tamayo 1985
925:Tamayo 1985
855:Tamayo 1985
819:Tamayo 1985
763:(1836–1839)
243:Preceded by
185:Established
1375:Categories
1307:South Peru
1267:North Peru
1252:Santa Cruz
1230:Chuquisaca
1225:Cochabamba
906:9972401499
768:References
694:See also:
671:: General
628:Government
548:its border
463:South Peru
398:Background
344:North Peru
111:Government
18:South Peru
955:Tarija200
622:Guayaquil
536:Argentina
410:civil war
371:Argentina
129:President
120:within a
54:1836–1839
1320:Ayacucho
1315:Arequipa
1275:Amazonas
1160:(1840):
1137:(1985).
1111:(2014).
750:See also
447:Arequipa
443:Ayacucho
211:Occupied
118:republic
1331:Litoral
1280:Huaylas
1220:Atacama
1212:Bolivia
585:in the
559:invaded
393:History
377:in the
364:Bolivia
329:Spanish
308:Bolivia
222:•
209:•
196:•
183:•
170:History
101:Capital
1257:Tarija
1247:PotosĂ
1236:La Paz
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571:treaty
316:Brazil
173:
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1353:Arica
1325:Cuzco
1285:JunĂn
1242:Oruro
785:(PDF)
705:Tacna
542:then
483:Tacna
467:Cuzco
459:Tacna
451:Cuzco
375:Chile
312:Chile
105:Tacna
1337:Puno
1296:Lima
1121:ISBN
901:ISBN
507:and
457:and
455:Puno
373:and
354:and
352:1834
323:The
304:Peru
279:Peru
266:Peru
69:Flag
565:as
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